Polymers
Hydrogels
Biocompatible Materials
Polyethylene Glycols
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic
Materials Testing
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Scaffolds
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Acrylic Resins
A hydrogel is a biomaterial that is composed of a three-dimensional network of crosslinked polymers, which are able to absorb and retain a significant amount of water or biological fluids while maintaining their structure. Hydrogels are similar to natural tissues in their water content, making them suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
Hydrogels can be synthesized from a variety of materials, including synthetic polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) or natural polymers like collagen, hyaluronic acid, or chitosan. The properties of hydrogels, such as their mechanical strength, degradation rate, and biocompatibility, can be tailored to specific applications by adjusting the type and degree of crosslinking, the molecular weight of the polymers, and the addition of functional groups or drugs.
Hydrogels have shown great potential in medical research and clinical practice due to their ability to mimic the natural environment of cells and tissues, provide sustained drug release, and promote tissue regeneration.
In the context of medical definitions, polymers are large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These long chains of monomers can have various structures and properties, depending on the type of monomer units and how they are linked together. In medicine, polymers are used in a wide range of applications, including drug delivery systems, medical devices, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Some examples of polymers used in medicine include polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL).
Hydrogels are defined in the medical and biomedical fields as cross-linked, hydrophilic polymer networks that have the ability to swell and retain a significant amount of water or biological fluids while maintaining their structure. They can be synthesized from natural, synthetic, or hybrid polymers.
Hydrogels are known for their biocompatibility, high water content, and soft consistency, which resemble natural tissues, making them suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, wound dressing, and biosensors. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogels can be tailored to specific uses by adjusting the polymer composition, cross-linking density, and network structure.
Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.
Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.
Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are a family of synthetic, water-soluble polymers with a wide range of molecular weights. They are commonly used in the medical field as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations due to their ability to improve drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability. PEGs can also be used as laxatives to treat constipation or as bowel cleansing agents prior to colonoscopy examinations. Additionally, some PEG-conjugated drugs have been developed for use in targeted cancer therapies.
In a medical context, PEGs are often referred to by their average molecular weight, such as PEG 300, PEG 400, PEG 1500, and so on. Higher molecular weight PEGs tend to be more viscous and have longer-lasting effects in the body.
It's worth noting that while PEGs are generally considered safe for use in medical applications, some people may experience allergic reactions or hypersensitivity to these compounds. Prolonged exposure to high molecular weight PEGs has also been linked to potential adverse effects, such as decreased fertility and developmental toxicity in animal studies. However, more research is needed to fully understand the long-term safety of PEGs in humans.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are a type of contact lens that is designed to absorb and retain water. These lenses are made from materials that have an affinity for water, which helps them to remain moist and comfortable on the eye. The water content of hydrophilic contact lenses can vary, but typically ranges from 30-80% by weight.
Hydrophilic contact lenses are often used to correct refractive errors such as myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), and astigmatism. They can be made in a variety of materials, including soft hydrogel and silicone hydrogel.
One advantage of hydrophilic contact lenses is that they tend to be more comfortable to wear than other types of contacts, as they retain moisture and conform closely to the shape of the eye. However, they may also be more prone to deposits and buildup, which can lead to protein accumulation and discomfort over time. Proper care and cleaning are essential to maintain the health of the eyes when wearing hydrophilic contact lenses.
I'm happy to help! However, I must clarify that "materials testing" is not a medical term per se. It is a term used in various fields, including engineering and materials science, to describe the process of subjecting materials to different tests to evaluate their properties and performance under various conditions.
In the context of medical devices or implants, materials testing may refer to the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in their construction. These tests can include assessments of strength, durability, biocompatibility, and other factors that are critical to ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Medical device manufacturers must comply with regulatory standards for materials testing to ensure that their products meet specific requirements for performance, safety, and quality. These standards may vary depending on the type of device, its intended use, and the country or region in which it will be marketed and sold.
Tissue engineering is a branch of biomedical engineering that combines the principles of engineering, materials science, and biological sciences to develop functional substitutes for damaged or diseased tissues and organs. It involves the creation of living, three-dimensional structures that can restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. This is typically accomplished through the use of cells, scaffolds (biodegradable matrices), and biologically active molecules. The goal of tissue engineering is to develop biological substitutes that can ultimately restore normal function and structure in damaged tissues or organs.
Tissue scaffolds, also known as bioactive scaffolds or synthetic extracellular matrices, refer to three-dimensional structures that serve as templates for the growth and organization of cells in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These scaffolds are designed to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) found in biological tissues, providing a supportive environment for cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
Tissue scaffolds can be made from various materials, including naturally derived biopolymers (e.g., collagen, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid), synthetic polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), or a combination of both. The choice of material depends on the specific application and desired properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity.
The primary functions of tissue scaffolds include:
1. Cell attachment: Providing surfaces for cells to adhere, spread, and form stable focal adhesions.
2. Mechanical support: Offering a structural framework that maintains the desired shape and mechanical properties of the engineered tissue.
3. Nutrient diffusion: Ensuring adequate transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the scaffold to support cell survival and function.
4. Guided tissue growth: Directing the organization and differentiation of cells through spatial cues and biochemical signals.
5. Biodegradation: Gradually degrading at a rate that matches tissue regeneration, allowing for the replacement of the scaffold with native ECM produced by the cells.
Tissue scaffolds have been used in various applications, such as wound healing, bone and cartilage repair, cardiovascular tissue engineering, and neural tissue regeneration. The design and fabrication of tissue scaffolds are critical aspects of tissue engineering, aiming to create functional substitutes for damaged or diseased tissues and organs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyvinyl Alcohol" is not a medical term. It is a chemical compound used in various industrial and commercial applications, including the production of adhesives, paints, and medical devices. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a type of synthetic polymer made from the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer, followed by alcoholysis to replace the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups.
In a medical context, Polyvinyl Alcohol might be used in certain medical devices or applications, such as contact lenses, eye drops, and drug delivery systems, due to its biocompatibility and resistance to protein absorption. However, it is not a term commonly used to describe a medical condition or treatment.
Acrylic resins are a type of synthetic polymer made from methacrylate monomers. They are widely used in various industrial, commercial, and medical applications due to their unique properties such as transparency, durability, resistance to breakage, and ease of coloring or molding. In the medical field, acrylic resins are often used to make dental restorations like false teeth and fillings, medical devices like intraocular lenses, and surgical instruments. They can also be found in orthopedic implants, bone cement, and other medical-grade plastics. Acrylic resins are biocompatible, meaning they do not typically cause adverse reactions when in contact with living tissue. However, they may release small amounts of potentially toxic chemicals over time, so their long-term safety in certain applications is still a subject of ongoing research.
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels
3D cell culture in wood-based nanocellulose hydrogel
Hydrogel
Nanocomposite hydrogels
Hydrogel encapsulation of quantum dots
Prabha Chatterji
Hydrogel agriculture
Hydrogel fiber
Gail McConnell
Electroactive polymer
Hildebrand solubility parameter
Alan J. Russell
Soft matter
Self-healing hydrogels
Temperature-responsive polymer
Xian Jun Loh
Hydrogel dressing
Rock analogs for structural geology
Carla Meledandri
Hydroxyethyl acrylate
Polymer nanocomposite
PH-sensitive polymers
Microneedle drug delivery
PolyAPTAC
Fluorescent glucose biosensor
Gelation
Ionic polymer-metal composites
Smart polymer
Tixel
QPNC-PAGE
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Gels4
- Dubbed as "smart hydrogels" or "stimuli-responsive hydrogels", these gels are able to dynamically respond to external or internal stimuli in addition to possessing similar swelling-deswelling properties of traditional hydrogels. (wikipedia.org)
- The team, led by Brown School of Engineering bioengineer Antonios Mikos and graduate student Jason Guo, has developed modular, injectable hydrogels enhanced by bioactive molecules anchored to the chemical crosslinkers that give the gels structure. (materialstoday.com)
- The polymer gels prepared here have cyclic chemical reaction networks. (mdpi.com)
- With a cyclic reaction, the polymer gels generate periodical motion. (mdpi.com)
Polymeric4
- Among different types of scaffolds, polymeric hydrogel scaffolds have received considerable attention because of their biocompatibility and structural similarity to native tissues. (mdpi.com)
- Therefore, this review focusses on the rational design of polymeric and hydrogel materials for local gene therapy applications. (uu.nl)
- Similar to conventional hydrogels, the polymeric chain (or backbone) of the smart hydrogels is derived from polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
- Polymer/clay or polymer/zeolite hybrid composite polymeric systems have received great attention because of their relatively low production cost and high adsorption capacity for water, some dyes and metal. (scirp.org)
Injectable2
- Here, we demonstrate an injectable filamentous hydrogel depot (FM-depot) engineered for low dosage, sustained delivery of anti-inflammatory nanocarriers. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, chemists and pharmacologists persistently desire to prepare directed self-assemble hydrogels, referring to self-delivering, self-releasing, stable, injectable and stimuli-responsive hydrogels without any structural modification and delivery cargoes. (nature.com)
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels1
- Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels refers to the process of using ultrasound energy for inducing drug release from hydrogels that are sensitive to acoustic stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
Coatings1
- A more recent approach proposes tissue engineering the electrode interface through the use of encapsulated neurons within hydrogel coatings. (frontiersin.org)
Synthesis2
- Methods of synthesis of hydrogels … a review. (nature.com)
- Synthesis of hydrogels are developed from a combination or isolated forms of natural and synthetic polymers. (wikipedia.org)
Polyacrylamide2
- The process proved to be versatile, allowing the use of most natural and synthetic hydrogels including agarose, collagen, polyacrylamide, and so on. (elsevierpure.com)
- Chemical and heat treatment of thin slices of the defrosted squid tissue mixed with polyacrylamide polymer molecules initiated formation of the cross-linked hybrid hydrogel. (sciencedaily.com)
Smart hydrogels2
- Various examples of external stimuli that have been used to control smart hydrogels in drug delivery systems include temperature, pH, light, ultrasound, and enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- Additional considerations in designing smart hydrogels involve fundamental understanding of bond strength, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, polymer structure, and molecular assembly. (wikipedia.org)
Nanoparticles4
- Various examples of hydrogel type designs include nanoparticles, nanogels, and microgels. (wikipedia.org)
- proposed gelatin-based hydrogel nanoparticles that were stimulated by magnetic forces. (wikipedia.org)
- Now researchers at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in Korea have used metal nanoparticles to achieve the highest yet reported power conversion efficiency for plasmonic polymer solar cells, reaching 8.92 percent. (ieee.org)
- The research, which was published in the ACS journal Nanoletters (" Multipositional Silica-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells ") focused on polymer solar cells enhanced by plasmonics. (ieee.org)
Composites1
- Environmentally responsive hydrogel composites embedded with submicron-sized spherical silica particles for the modulation of the mid-infrared radiation derived from the Bragg reflection are therein designed for personalized body thermoregulation. (rsc.org)
Supramolecular hydrogels1
- In this study, the hydrophobic drug Tanshinone ⅡA (Tan ⅡA) as a therapeutic drug was loaded into naphthalene acetic acid-phenylalanine-phenylalanine-glycine hydrogel (Nap-FFG) to construct the supramolecular hydrogels. (jascoinc.com)
Alginate2
- Preparation and enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid hydrogels comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and sodium alginate. (nature.com)
- Here, a tissue-specific hybrid bioink is described, composed of a natural polymer, alginate, reinforced with extracellular matrix derived from decellularized tissue (rECM). (lu.se)
Applications of hydrogels3
- In: Emerging concepts in analysis and applications of hydrogels. (nature.com)
- Biomedical applications of hydrogels: a review of patents and commercial products. (nature.com)
- This approach is envisaged to facilitate the development ofbiomedical applications of hydrogels, specifically those including fragile cargo. (edu.au)
Biomedical applications7
- Unique molecular interactions between graphene derivatives and various small or macromolecules enable the fabrication of various functional hydrogels appropriate for different biomedical applications. (nature.com)
- In this mini-review, we highlight the recent progress in GO-incorporated hydrogels for biomedical applications while focusing on their specific uses as mechanically strong materials, electrically conductive scaffolds/electrodes, and high-performance drug delivery vehicles. (nature.com)
- Recent developments in tough hydrogels for biomedical applications. (nature.com)
- Hydrogels for biomedical applications. (nature.com)
- Chai Q, Jiao Y, Yu X. Hydrogels for biomedical applications: their characteristics and the mechanisms behind them. (nature.com)
- Polymer hydrogels are used in diverse biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. (edu.au)
- Self-assembling natural drug hydrogels formed without structural modification and able to act as carriers are of interest for biomedical applications. (nature.com)
Composite hydrogel2
- When a Mo3Se3--chain-nanowire-gelatin composite hydrogel is prepared simply by mixing Mo3Se3- nanowires with gelatin, phase separation of the Mo3Se3- nanowires from the gelatin matrix occurs in the micronetwork, providing only small improvements in their mechanical properties. (tamu.edu)
- It was to investigate the water uptake properties of series of the novel hydrogels, the semi IPNs and the hybrid/biohybrid composite hydrogel sorbents synthesized in this study. (scirp.org)
Conductive hydrogels1
- However, the in vivo chronic inflammatory response of these conductive hydrogels remains unknown. (frontiersin.org)
Hybrid hydrogels2
- Montheil T, Echalier C, Martinez J, Subra G, Mehdi A. Inorganic polymerization: an attractive route to biocompatible hybrid hydrogels. (nature.com)
- The current proof-of-concept work should be just the start for exploring many other hybrid hydrogels that could exploit the unique properties of other natural systems. (sciencedaily.com)
Conventional hydrogels1
- Graphene and graphene derivatives (e.g., graphene oxide (GO)) have been incorporated into hydrogels to improve the properties (e.g., mechanical strength) of conventional hydrogels and/or develop new functions (e.g., electrical conductivity and drug loading/delivery). (nature.com)
Collagen2
- The authors describe widely available materials such as polyactides, collagen and gelatin, as well as polymers of emerging importance, such as the genetically-engineered and elastin-based polymers which are either proprietary or in early stages of development. (chipsbooks.com)
- Approaches to reconstruction have used mainly synthetic scaffolds such as polymers and hydrogels, as well as natural scaffolds of collagen origin. (bvsalud.org)
Characterization4
- Hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and applications: a review. (nature.com)
- The current study includes the preparation/characterization of a series of polyethylen glycol (PEG) dimethacrylate, their conversions in aqueous solution to photopolymerization, and a preliminary assessment of the correlation of mechanical and cell response to hydrogel structural variations. (nist.gov)
- Section 3 discusses the surface characterization of degradable polymers, the modeling of biodegradation and non-medical polymers. (chipsbooks.com)
- These polymers are widely used in many industries for The extensive uses of these industrial chem- a variety of purposes (see Section 1, Exposure icals and solvents and the fact that they are all Characterization). (who.int)
Agarose1
- for the first time they have combined a hydrogel (agarose) with a conducting polymer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT] to form a hybrid conducting polymer-hydrogel conduit. (advancedsciencenews.com)
PEDOT4
- Many different conductive polymers, such as PEDOT, PAni, PPy and PTH can be used as the electrical backbone of the material, and there are many templating techniques (such as inkjet printing, copolymerization and template-directed growth) that can be used to achieve the desired morphology and electrical properties. (rsc.org)
- PEDOT, a biocompatible but not biodegradable organic polymer, on the other hand, introduces mechanical stability and conductivity to the hydrogel, provides electrical, physical, and biochemical cues that stimulate in vitro neurite outgrowth, and can be functionalized with biomolecules, for example to develop biodegradable derivatives. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- After laminating hydrogels onto the PEDOT-modified Pt electrode substrates, a second PEDOT (low conductivity) layer was electrodeposited to anchor the first PEDOT film to the hydrogel. (elsevierpure.com)
- Finally, the hydrogel sheet with PEDOT micropatterns was peeled off by taking advantage of the electroactuation property of PEDOT. (elsevierpure.com)
Biocompatible3
- Both materials have previously shown advantages to bridge nerve gaps: the hydrogel is biocompatible, permeable, and exhibits physical characteristics similar to those of soft tissue, but it suffers from a lack of mechanical strength, and swelling of the hydrogel can close the conduit cavities and block axonal (nerve fiber) regeneration. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- Until now, hydrogels for healing have been biologically inert, and required growth factors and other biocompatible molecules to be added to the mix. (materialstoday.com)
- Biocompatible hydrogels with antibacterial properties derived from ¿-polyglutamic acid (¿-PGA) were prepared from bulk and electrospun nanofibers. (upc.edu)
Molecules6
- Despite these endeavors, designing directed self-assemble hydrogels formed by natural small molecules is still a formidable challenge. (nature.com)
- The new process makes these essential molecules part of the hydrogel itself, specifically part of the crosslinkers that allow the material to keep its structure when swollen with water. (materialstoday.com)
- Experiments with cartilage and bone biomolecules showed how crosslinkers made of a soluble polymer can bond small peptides or large molecules, such as tissue-specific extracellular matrix components, simply by mixing them together in water with a catalyst. (materialstoday.com)
- By utilizing cross-linker molecules that form sticky ends when cleaved, researchers have been able to fuse different cross-linked polymers together. (materialstoday.com)
- This system when used to solubilize bioactive agents at an appropriate layer within the hydrogel has potential for localized and surface-mediated delivery of bioactive molecules from biomedical devices. (elsevierpure.com)
- The resulting polymer network is large enough for molecules and proteins to move through, but the space is too small for cells to leak out. (soci.org)
Scaffolds2
Researchers12
- Through the precise tailoring of polymers, researchers designed macromolecules, a molecular structure containing a large number of atoms, which combine water solubility, positive charge, and biodegradability characteristics. (medgadget.com)
- While polymer solar cells have been reported as high as 10.6 percent for polymer solar cells with more than one p-n junction, the UNIST researchers believe that their device, which reached nearly 9 percent using a single junction, could exceed 10 percent in commercial products. (ieee.org)
- Researchers have developed a polymer hydrogel that looks and feels like a squishy jelly, but acts like an ultra-hard, shatterproof glass when compressed. (materialstoday.com)
- By taking advantage of polarons and plasmons, researchers have been able to develop optical nanoantennas from a conducting polymer. (materialstoday.com)
- Using a low-powered laser, researchers have been able to fabricate graphene features as small as 12µm onto the surface of a polymer. (materialstoday.com)
- Researchers incorporated protein pores found in cell membranes at high density into polymer sheets to produce highly efficient filtration membranes. (materialstoday.com)
- This consortium was specifically set up to provide the necessary combination of expertise in polymer science, nanotechnology, surface science and marine biology to ensure interdisciplinary training to 21 early career researchers (PhD and early post-doctoral). (europa.eu)
- Researchers at Hokkaido University in Japan have combined natural squid tissues with synthetic polymers to develop a strong and versatile hydrogel that mimics many of the unique properties of biological tissues. (sciencedaily.com)
- Natural biological tissues exhibit unique properties essential for their functions, which researchers are seeking to replicate in hydrogels. (sciencedaily.com)
- Unlike the natural tissues that researchers wish to mimic, most synthetic hydrogels have uniform properties in all directions and are structurally weak. (sciencedaily.com)
- US researchers have come up with a way to produce medicines and chemicals in portable 'biofactories' which are embedded in a hydrogel. (soci.org)
- The hydrogel system was developed by US researchers from the University of Texas at Austin's Cockerell School of Engineering in collaboration with a group from the University of Washington. (soci.org)
Synthetic polymers1
- By combining the properties of tissues derived from squid with synthetic polymers, we have demonstrated a hybrid strategy that serves as a general method for preparing hydrogels with useful hierarchical anisotropy and also toughness," says polymer scientist Tasuku Nakajima of the Hokkaido University team. (sciencedaily.com)
Reversible5
- Among different chemical linkages, the natural and reversible thiol-disulfide interconversion is extensively explored to stabilize hydrogels. (edu.au)
- Physical hydrogels contain reversible matrices of hydrogen and non-covalent bonds, while chemical hydrogels are composed of irreversible matrices that are molecularly held together by covalent bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- This hydrogel shows excellent stability, sustained release and reversible stimuli-responses. (nature.com)
- We investigate the elasticity and fracture behavior of swollen polymer networks using a simple experimental method to induce cavitation within a gel and adapt scaling theories to capture the observed transition from reversible to irreversible deformations as a function of polymer volume fraction. (umass.edu)
- It is shown quantitatively that the transition from reversible cavitation to irreversible fracture depends on the polymer volume fraction and an initial defect length scale. (umass.edu)
Biological1
- While porphyrin containing biological recognition elements have stability limitations, molecularly imprinted polymers bearing these structures offer an alternative with excellent robustness and the ability to work in extreme conditions. (bvsalud.org)
Macromolecules2
- The macromolecules involved in the formation of hydrogels are able to absorb and retain large amounts of water and other aqueous substances. (wikipedia.org)
- The crosslinking mechanism of the hydrophilic macromolecules are driven by covalent bonding, resulting in a physical- or chemical-type hydrogel. (wikipedia.org)
Interactions3
- Here, we report on rhein, a herbal natural product, which is directly self-assembled into hydrogels through noncovalent interactions. (nature.com)
- Responsive Hydrogel Colloids: Structure, Interactions, Phase Behaviour and Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Transitions of Microgel Dispersions. (lu.se)
- A particular focus of her work is on interactions in thin liquid films and at the air/water interfaces, and on the investigation of polyelectrolyte multilayers and temperature and pH sensitive hydrogels and their use as "smart" switches and sensors. (lu.se)
Scaffold3
- This study paves the way for the design of a three-dimensional conductive hydrogel scaffold for accelerated, directional, and controlled axonal growth in the peripheral nervous system. (advancedsciencenews.com)
- But their bait, biomolecules in a hydrogel scaffold, lures microscopic stem cells instead of fish. (materialstoday.com)
- Hydrogel polymers present a versatile coating option for electrodes as they can be chemically modified to provide a soft and conductive scaffold. (frontiersin.org)
Water-soluble2
- Since they exhibit many of the characteristics of water-soluble polymers without being freely dissolved, such materials can remain in place under physiological conditions while still demonstrating antimicrobial activity. (medgadget.com)
- We fabricated multi-layered hydrogels on titanium alloy (Ti) surfaces by applying alternating layers of a water-soluble phospholipid polymer (PMBV) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). (elsevierpure.com)
Biocompatibility1
- The main safety concerns in formulating hydrogels include bacterial infection and biocompatibility. (wikipedia.org)
Nanoscale1
- The creation of macro-, micro-, and nanoscale disulfide-stabilized hydrogels commonly relies on the use of oxidizing agents that may have a detrimental effect on encapsulated cargo. (edu.au)
Hydrophilic3
- Hydrogels are three dimensional structures consisting of hydrophilic polymers (i.e., polymers, colloids, etc.) that form networks through cross-linking processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Highly swollen crosslinked hydrophilic copolymers called "hydrogels" are synthesized by free radical crosslinking copolymerization with some multifunctional crosslinkers with some co-monomers including hydrophilic groups for increasing of their swelling capacity. (scirp.org)
- Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymer chains with properties in between liquids and solids. (scirp.org)
Self-assemble1
- When mixed with water and heated to body temperature the polymers self-assemble, swelling into a synthetic gel that is easy to manipulate. (medgadget.com)
Gelatin2
- In contrast, when the surface of the Mo3Se3- nanowire is wrapped with the gelatin polymer, the chemical compatibility of the Mo3Se3- nanowire with the gelatin matrix is significantly improved, which enables the fabrication of a phase-separation-free Mo3Se3--reinforced gelatin hydrogel. (tamu.edu)
- The composite gelatin hydrogel exhibits significantly improved mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 27.6 kPa, fracture toughness of 26.9 kJ/m3, and elastic modulus of 54.8 kPa, which are 367%, 868%, and 378% higher than those of the pure gelatin hydrogel, respectively. (tamu.edu)
Bacterial1
- Latex with silicone, hydrogel, or silver alloy-coated polymer (to diminish bacterial colonization) catheters are for continuous use. (msdmanuals.com)
Nanocomposite1
- Song F, Li X, Wang Q, Liao L, Zhang C. Nanocomposite hydrogels and their applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. (nature.com)
Biodegradable1
- Handbook of Biodegradable Polymers provides a source manual for synthetic procedures, properties and applications of bioerodible polymers. (chipsbooks.com)
Bovine2
- Bovine chrondrocytes, seeded in hydrogels, were used to asses the cell responses tp the hydrogels. (nist.gov)
- In this work , we synthesised a polymerizable porphyrin and metalloporphyrin and have incorporated these as co-monomers within a hydrogel thin-sheet MIP for the specific recognition of bovine haemoglobin (BHb). (bvsalud.org)
Electrical conductivity1
- The PAni chains allow for excellent electrical conductivity and the as-prepared hydrogel is suitable for spray coating and inkjet printing. (rsc.org)
Molecular3
- The release of PTX from multi-layered hydrogels was governed by both diffusion through the diffusion-barrier and dissociation of the hydrogel through an exchange reaction of phenylboronic acid subunits with the low-molecular weight d-glucose in the cell culture medium. (elsevierpure.com)
- Molecularly imprinted polymer hydrogel sheets with metalloporphyrin-incorporated molecular recognition sites for protein capture. (bvsalud.org)
- As Mo3Se3- chain nanowires have dimensions comparable to those of natural hydrogel chains (molecular-level diameters of 0.6 nm and lengths of several micrometers) and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, they have large potential to reinforce hydrogels and improve their mechanical properties. (tamu.edu)
Sodium1
- By addition of AgNO 3-solution, the formation of the silver(i) supramolecular polymer hydrogel poly[methyl vinyl ether-alt-mono-sodium maleate]·AgNO 3 is reported. (edu.sa)
Functional2
Neural1
- Although not as efficient as autografts, the hybrid conduits supported the neural regeneration and showed significantly improved functionality in comparison to plain hydrogel conduits. (advancedsciencenews.com)
Toughness1
- Improving hydrogels' toughness by increasing the dissipative properties of their network. (nature.com)
Properties7
- Fu J, In Het Panhuis M. Hydrogel properties and applications. (nature.com)
- Hydrogel size and type are the two main properties considered in designing hydrogels when seeking the optimal delivery route for drug administration. (wikipedia.org)
- This study is designated to better understand the relationships between polymer matrix structure and properties to cell response. (nist.gov)
- Hydrogels prepared from these dimethacrylates can provide a basis for the understanding how their material properties influence the cell response. (nist.gov)
- Exceptional Mechanical Properties of Phase-Separation-Free Mo3Se3--Chain-Reinforced Hydrogel Prepared by Polymer Wrapping Process. (tamu.edu)
- The improvements in the mechanical properties are significantly larger than those for other reported composite hydrogels reinforced with one-dimensional materials. (tamu.edu)
- However, the mechanical properties of conductive polymers are not ideal, as they are quite brittle. (frontiersin.org)
Electrically1
- Functionalized carbon nanotube and graphene oxide embedded electrically conductive hydrogel synergistically stimulates nerve cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Materials7
- The role of graphene materials in the final structure of hydrogels. (nature.com)
- Hydrogels as emerging materials for translational. (nature.com)
- Since traditional hydrogels were able to encapsulate and carry materials, research into drug-loaded hydrogels began to expand in the field of drug delivery. (wikipedia.org)
- The fate of polymer solar cells in the marketplace has been tied to three main factors: Lifespan in outdoor environments , the cost of materials that make up the modules (namely indium tin oxide, or ITO), and power-conversion efficiency . (ieee.org)
- High environmental cost of plastics waste is placing significant pressure on scientists and engineers in the polymers industry to innovate and develop more sustainable materials that account for end-of-life waste management while still maintaining product performance. (tainstruments.com)
- In an increasingly dynamic market space, the growing demand for high-performance, sustainable materials and intense competition create a heightened sense of urgency for polymer companies to innovate while responding to and staying ahead of these broader market trends. (tainstruments.com)
- ACS Applied Polymer Materials. (lu.se)
Silicone1
- Both contacts are silicone hydrogel-based. (lens.com)
Stability1
- These bioinks are shear thinning, resist cell sedimentation, improve viability of multiple cell types, and enhance mechanical stability in hydrogels derived from them. (lu.se)
Bioactive1
- Rice University graduate student Jason Guo fills a mold with the bioactive hydrogel. (materialstoday.com)
Antibacterial1
- The silver(i) hydrogel shows effective antibacterial activity and potential application as burn wound dressing. (edu.sa)
Mechanisms2
- The bond strength describes the cross-linking strength of the hydrogel, which is considered in designing drug release mechanisms of hydrogel-based platforms. (wikipedia.org)
- This interactive polymer platform allows modifications of the recovery environment to determine essential repair mechanisms. (stanford.edu)
Physical1
- Hydrogels are generally classified based on the following characteristics: material, crosslinking mechanism, physical structure, electric charge, and response to stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
Networks1
- Water uptake property of hydrogels or "hungry networks" accounts for a great number of biomedical and technological applications. (scirp.org)
Tissue2
- As native tissue populates the area, the hydrogel can degrade and eventually disappear. (materialstoday.com)
- With our previous hydrogels, we typically needed to have a secondary system to deliver the biomolecules to effectively produce tissue repair,' Guo said. (materialstoday.com)
Research3
- Since its discovery in 1960, hydrogels have become a crucial component in biomedical research and applications. (wikipedia.org)
- While conversion efficiency seems to have been improved in the lab with this research, it will need to be demonstrated this new material will not deteriorate in the environment as some nanomaterial-enabled polymer solar cells have in the past. (ieee.org)
- The natural abilities of squid tissues and the creativity of chemists combine to take hydrogel research in new directions. (sciencedaily.com)
Natural4
- The main examples of natural polymers used to derive hydrogels include polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
- This study highlights a direct self-assembly hydrogel from natural small molecule as a promising neuroinflammatory therapy. (nature.com)
- It has what is known as a double-network structure, with the synthetic polymer network embedded and linked within the more natural muscle fiber network derived from squid mantle. (sciencedaily.com)
- Section 1 addresses synthetic absorbable polymers, and Section 2 profiles natural, semi-synthetic and biosynthetic polymers. (chipsbooks.com)