Polygonatum
Rhizome
Spirostans
Saponins
Plant Lectins
A steroidal glycoside from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce. improves insulin resistance but does not alter insulin secretion in 90% pancreatectomized rats. (1/10)
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three steroidal glycosides (SG-100, SG-280, and SG-460) obtained from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce. on insulin secretion, insulin action, and relative glucose uptake in various tissues of 90% pancreatectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats. One of the compounds (30 mg/kg body weight daily) with a 40%-fat diet was orally administered to a group of such rats for 13 weeks. On the day after a hyperglycemic clamp, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with 1 microCi of [1-(14)C]2-deoxyglucose per 100 g body weight was used. Serum glucose levels were lowest in the rats receiving SG-100. Insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells did not change with SG administration. Whole-body glucose disposal rates increased with SG-100 administration by 39%. SG-100 increased the glycogen contents and glycogen synthase activity in the soleus muscle of pancreatectomized rats. Uptake of [1-(14)C]2-deoxyglucose into the soleus muscle was higher in such rats receiving SG-100 than in rats receiving other compounds. In conclusion, SG-100 has an antihyperglycemic effect by promoting peripheral insulin sensitivity without changing insulin secretion. (+info)Variation in floral sex allocation in Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae). (2/10)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is well known that resource allocation to male and female functions can be highly variable in hermaphroditic plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in sexual investment at different levels (flower, plant and population) in Polygonatum odoratum, a plant with sequentially opening flowers. METHODS: Pollen and ovule production in base, middle and top flowers of P. odoratum flowering shoots from two natural populations were quantified. Plant measurements of phenotypic and functional gender were calculated in both populations. Total leaf number was used to investigate the relationship between gender assessments and plant size. KEY RESULTS: Pollen and ovule production varied depending on flower position, although the precise pattern differed between both studied populations; only investment in female floral function decreased markedly from base to top flowers in both populations. The frequency distribution of phenotypic gender and their relationship with plant size differed between populations. Phenotypic and functional gender were correlated in both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual investment in P. odoratum has shown a marked variability within plants, among plants, and between populations, which confirms the importance of analysing sex expression in plants of this type. Differences in relative investment in male and female components (phenotypic gender) are reflected in the functional gender and it would be expected that the evolution of sexual specialization in Polygonatum odoratum would be promoted. (+info)Furostanol saponins from the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. (3/10)
Ten furostanol saponins were isolated as five pairs of 25R and 25S epimers from the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. Seven of them were identified as new compounds, (25S)-kingianoside D (2), (25S)-kingiano-side C (4), (25R,22)-hydroxylwattinoside C (5), kingianoside E (7), (25S)-kingianoside E (8), kingianoside F (9) and (25S)-kingianoside F (10), together with three known saponins, kingianoside C (1), kingianoside D (3), and 22-hydroxylwattinoside C (6). The structures of the new saponins were determinded by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and by comparison of the spectral data with those reported. (+info)Apoptosis-inducing effect and structural basis of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin and chemical modification properties on its mannose-binding sites. (4/10)
Polygonatum cyrtonema Lectin (PCL), which is classified as a monocot mannose-binding lectin, has received great regards for its uniquely biological activities and potentially medical applications in cancer cells. This paper was initially aimed to study apoptosis of PCL on Hela cells. Thus, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method was carried out. Through observation of cell morphologic changes and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity-based cytotoxicity assays, PCL induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. To further gain structural basis, multiple alignments, homology modeling and docking experiments were performed to analyze the correlation between its biological activities and mannose-binding sites. Eventually, considering docking data, chemical modification properties on the three mannose-binding sites were analyzed by a series of biological experiments (e.g., hemagglutinating and mitogenic activity assays, fluorescence and Circular Dichrosim (CD) spectroscopy) to profoundly identify the role of some key amino acids in the structure-function relationship of PCL. (+info)Three new saponins from the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. (5/10)
Further studies on the fresh rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum led to the isolation of one new spirostanol saponin (25R)-kingianoside G (1), and two pairs mixture of 25R and 25S stereoisomeric spirostanol saponins (25R, S)-pratioside D1 (2a, 2b) and (25R, S)-kingianoside A (3a, 3b), among them 2b and 3b were new spirostanol saponins, together with another two known compounds, disporopsin (4) and daucosterol (5). The structures of the new saponins were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. (+info)Molecular mechanisms of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. (6/10)
Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin (PCL), a mannose/sialic acid-binding lectin, has been reported to display remarkable inhibitory and cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells. However, the precise mechanism by which PCL induces tumor cell death is still only rudimentarily understood. In the present study, PCL was shown to markedly inhibit the growth of human melanoma A375 cells with concomitant low toxicity to the normal melanocytes. Subsequently, PCL was found to simultaneously induce A375 cell apoptosis and autophagy. The mechanism of apoptosis following treatment with PCL involved regulation of Bax, Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2 proteins, which then caused collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cytochrome c release and caspase activation. The treatment with PCL also abrogated the glutathione antioxidant system, and induced mitochondria to generate massive ROS accumulation, which subsequently resulted in p38 and p53 activation. Further experimental data confirmed that the ROS-p38-p53 pathway could be involved in the stimulation of autophagy, suggesting that autophagy may play a death-promoting role via the above-mentioned apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, these findings indicate that PCL induces both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 pathway. (+info)Induction of apoptosis by Polygonatum odoratum lectin and its molecular mechanisms in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. (7/10)
(+info)Saponins from the processed rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum. (8/10)
Two new spirostanol saponins, named kingianoside H (1) and kingianoside I (2), were isolated from the processed rhizomes of Polygonatum kingianum, along with a known triterpenoid saponin ginsenoside-Rc (3), four known spirostanol saponins Tg (4), (5), polygonatoside C(1) (6) and ophiopogonin C' (7). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques and chemical methods. Compounds 3 and 5 were first reported from the genus Polygonatum. Compounds 4, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from the processed Polygonatum kingianum. (+info)I apologize for any confusion, but "Polygonatum" is not a medical term. It is actually the botanical name for a genus of flowering plants commonly known as Solomon's Seal. These plants belong to the family Asparagaceae and are native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
Some traditional or alternative medicine systems may use parts of Polygonatum species for medicinal purposes, such as making teas from the roots or rhizomes. However, it's important to note that using botanicals for medicinal purposes should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can interact with other medications and have potential side effects.
A rhizome is not typically used as a medical term, but it is a term borrowed from botany that has been adopted in some areas of medicine, particularly in psychiatry and psychotherapy.
In its original botanical sense, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a plant that grows underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. This growth pattern is contrasted with that of a root system, which grows downward, and a stem system, which grows upward.
In psychiatry and psychotherapy, the term "rhizome" has been used as a metaphor to describe a non-hierarchical and decentralized approach to understanding mental processes and subjectivity. The rhizome model emphasizes the complexity, multiplicity, and interconnectedness of these processes, and rejects simplistic or reductionist explanations that focus on a single cause or origin. Instead, it encourages a more holistic and dynamic view of mental life, one that is open to multiple perspectives and interpretations.
It's important to note that the use of the term "rhizome" in this context is metaphorical and not medical in the strict sense. It is a way of thinking about mental processes and subjectivity that has been influenced by poststructuralist and feminist theories, among others.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Spirostans" is not a recognized term in medical terminology. It seems like it might be a reference to a specific chemical compound or class of compounds, possibly related to steroids, based on the prefix "spiro-" and the suffix "-stan." However, I cannot provide a precise definition without more context.
If you're referring to a specific medical or scientific concept, could you please provide more information or check the spelling? I'm here to help, and I want to make sure I give you the most accurate and helpful response possible.
Saponins are a type of naturally occurring chemical compound found in various plants, including soapwords, ginseng, and many others. They are known for their foaming properties, similar to that of soap, which gives them their name "saponin" derived from the Latin word "sapo" meaning soap.
Medically, saponins have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their ability to lower cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, and boost the immune system. However, they can also have toxic effects in high concentrations, causing gastrointestinal disturbances and potentially damaging red blood cells.
Saponins are typically found in the cell walls of plants and can be extracted through various methods for use in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and cosmetics.
Plant lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that are abundantly found in various plant parts such as seeds, leaves, stems, and roots. They have the ability to bind specifically to carbohydrate structures present on cell membranes, known as glycoconjugates. This binding property of lectins is reversible and non-catalytic, meaning it does not involve any enzymatic activity.
Lectins play several roles in plants, including defense against predators, pathogens, and herbivores. They can agglutinate red blood cells, stimulate the immune system, and have been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Some lectins also exhibit mitogenic activity, which means they can stimulate the proliferation of certain types of cells.
In the medical field, plant lectins have gained attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. For instance, some lectins have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties and are being investigated as potential cancer treatments. However, it is important to note that some lectins can be toxic or allergenic to humans and animals, so they must be used with caution.
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Polygonatum odoratum
Polygonatum humile
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Polygonatum curvistylum in Flora of China @ efloras.org
Polygonatum hybridum - The Agroforestry Research Trust
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Footed Solomon's seal1
- big footed Solomon's seal - Asia Polygonatum megaphyllum P.Y.Li Polygonatum mengtzense F.T.Wang & Tang Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. (wikipedia.org)
Odoratum5
- common) Solomon's seal - Europe Polygonatum nervulosum Baker Polygonatum nodosum Hua Polygonatum odoratum (Mill. (wikipedia.org)
- Polygonatum zhejiangensis X.J.Xue & H.Yao Several species are valued as ornamental plants, including: Polygonatum biflorum Polygonatum hirtum Polygonatum hookeri Polygonatum humile Polygonatum × hybridum Polygonatum multiflorum Polygonatum odoratum Polygonatum stewartianum Polygonatum verticillatum The berries may be poisonous to humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Polygonatum odoratum. (gapphotos.com)
- Polygonatum odoratum 'Variegatum' Variegated Solomon's seal is a fine choice for a shady bed. (growercoach.com)
- Solomon's seal is Polygonatum biflorum or P. multiflorum, and in some contexts the species P. odoratum is similar enough. (commonwealthherbs.com)
Biflorum3
- Polygonatum adnatum S.Yun Liang Polygonatum amabile Yatabe Polygonatum angelicum Floden Polygonatum annamense Floden Polygonatum arisanense Hayata Polygonatum autumnale Floden Polygonatum × azegamii (Ohwi) M.N.Tamura Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott (including Polygonatum commutatum) - Solomon's seal, smooth or great Solomon's seal - Eastern and central North America Polygonatum brevistylum Baker Polygonatum × buschianum Tzvelev Polygonatum campanulatum G.W.Hu Polygonatum cathcartii Baker Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall. (wikipedia.org)
- This sustainably Appalachian wildcrafted, hand-harvested Solomon's seal root oil (Polygonatum biflorum) supports the optimal function of the joints, cartilage, and connective tissue within the musculoskeletal system. (scienceherb.com)
- Home / Perennials / Shade Perennials / Polygonatum biflorum var. (catskillnativenursery.shop)
Solomon's14
- Polygonatum /ˌpɒlɪˈɡɒnətəm/, also known as King Solomon's-seal or Solomon's seal, is a genus of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Royle - tendril-leaf Solomon's seal - Southern China Polygonatum costatum Floden Polygonatum cryptanthum H.Lév. (wikipedia.org)
- Vaniot Polygonatum curvistylum Hua Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua - Solomon's seal - Eastern Asia Polygonatum daminense H.J.Yang & D.F.Cui Polygonatum × desoulavyi Kom. (wikipedia.org)
- dwarf Solomon's seal - Eastern Asia Polygonatum × hybridum Brügger - garden Solomon's seal - Europe Polygonatum inflatum Kom. (wikipedia.org)
- Solomon's seal - Asia Polygonatum × krylovii (Ameljcz. (wikipedia.org)
- Korean Solomon's seal - Eastern Asia Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq. (wikipedia.org)
- Druce - scented (or angular) Solomon's seal - Europe Polygonatum omeiense Z.Y.Zhu Polygonatum oppositifolium (Wall. (wikipedia.org)
- oriental Solomon's seal - Western Asia, Eastern Europe Polygonatum prattii Baker Polygonatum × pseudopolyanthemum Miscz. (wikipedia.org)
- Pursh - downy/hairy Solomon's seal - Eastern North America Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth Polygonatum qinghaiense Z.L.Wu & Y.C.Yang Polygonatum robustum (Korsh. (wikipedia.org)
- Kunth Polygonatum sewerzowii Regel Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté - Huang Jing, Siberian Solomon's seal - Eastern Asia Polygonatum singalilense H.Hara Polygonatum sparsifolium F.T.Wang & Tang Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim. (wikipedia.org)
- whorled Solomon's seal - Europe Polygonatum wardii F.T.Wang & Tang Polygonatum yunnanense H.Lév. (wikipedia.org)
- Solomon's Seal, Hairy (Polygonatum pubescens) - 03) This is another photo looking up under a hairy Solomon's seal. (all-creatures.org)
- Polygonatum also known as Solomon's seal is a perennial herb that belongs to the lily family along with onions, lilies and garlic. (scienceherb.com)
- King Solomon's seal ( Polygonatum kingianum Coll et hemsl. (bestchinesemedicines.com)
Pubescens2
- Polygonatum pubescens (Willd. (wikipedia.org)
- The photographer's identification Polygonatum pubescens has not been reviewed. (berkeley.edu)
Asparagaceae1
- [2] Ang Polygonatum sewerzowii sakop sa kahenera nga Polygonatum , ug kabanay nga Asparagaceae . (wikipedia.org)
Multiflorum1
- Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. (virboga.de)
Verticillatum3
- Polygonatum stewartianum Diels Polygonatum × tamaense H.Hara Polygonatum tessellatum F.T.Wang & Tang Polygonatum tsinlingense Tsui Polygonatum undulatifolium Floden Polygonatum urceolatum (J.M.H.Shaw) Floden Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. (wikipedia.org)
- Wild Parsnip botanical name is Polygonatum Verticillatum, other common names are trachydium lehmanni, shaqaqul misri, sakakul mishri, shakakul musli. (yipisale.com)
- The Polygonatum verticillatum has importance in traditional systems of medicine due to its broad therapeutic potential especially of its rhizome. (yipisale.com)
Pursh1
- Pursh, Polygonatum commutatum (J. A. & J. Schultes) A. Dietr. (henriettes-herb.com)
Species4
- The following species are recognised in the genus Polygonatum: Polygonatum acuminatifolium Kom. (wikipedia.org)
- Many species have long been used as food in China, such as Polygonatum sibiricum. (wikipedia.org)
- My guess was that the species was P. macranthum and this was verified when Barry Yinger told me that the name she had written for me, "Ooamadokoro," actually meant " Polygonatum macranthum . (nurcar.com)
- This is a species of the genus Polygonatum native to eastern and central North America. (scienceherb.com)
Genus1
- See who else has plants in genus Polygonatum . (growsonyou.com)
Curvistylum1
- 32. Polygonatum curvistylum Hua, J. Bot. (efloras.org)
Plants1
- These include plants from the genera:- Gentiana Meconopsis Lilium Pleione Daphne Adonis Allium Polygonatum Podophyllum Iris Oxalis Narcissus Mitella Picea Pulsatilla Ramonda Prunus Primula Trillium Rhodohypoxis Rhodohypoxis Salvia Salix Erythronium Hepatica japonica Hylomecon Impatiens Leutkea Kirengeshoma Maianthemum Mazus Paeonia Penstemon Rhododendron Saxifraga Scutellaria Sebaea Teucrium Soldanella Veronica Ypsilandra Vancouveria Viola Athyrium Dryopteris Cardiocrinum Caltha Carex Codonopsis Convallaria amongst many others. (edrom-nurseries.co.uk)
Humile1
- Polygonatum hookeri Baker Polygonatum humile Fisch. (wikipedia.org)
Prattii1
- Tall form of Polygonatum prattii from our collection in Asia. (farreachesfarm.com)
Falcatum1
- Polygonatum × domonense Satake Polygonatum falcatum A.Gray - Eastern Asia Polygonatum filipes Merr. (wikipedia.org)
Kingianum1
- Asia Polygonatum jinzhaiense D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl. (wikipedia.org)
Cyrtonema2
- Exploring the effects of the fermentation method on the quality of Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum cyrtonema compound wine based on LC-MS metabolomics. (bvsalud.org)
- This study aimed to examine the effect of fermentation methods on the quality of Lycium barbarum and Polygonatum cyrtonema compound wine (LPW) by combining non-targeted metabolomic approaches with chemometrics and path profiling to determine the chemical and metabolic properties of LPW. (bvsalud.org)
Sewerzowii1
- Kaliwatan sa tanom nga asparagos ang Polygonatum sewerzowii . (wikipedia.org)
Macranthum1
- Polygonatum leiboense S.C.Chen & D.Q.Liu Polygonatum longistylum Y.Wan ex C.Z.Gao Polygonatum luteoverrucosum Floden Polygonatum macranthum (Maxim. (wikipedia.org)
Govanianum2
- Polygonatum glaberrimum K.Koch Polygonatum gongshanense L.H.Zhao & X.J.He Polygonatum govanianum Royle Polygonatum graminifolium Hook. (wikipedia.org)
- Convallaria multiflora L., Polygonatum bracteatum (B.Thomas) G.Don, Polygonatum govanianum Royle, Polygonatum gussonei Parl. (virboga.de)
Infundiflorum1
- Eastern Asia Polygonatum infundiflorum Y.S.Kim, B.U.Oh & C.G.Jang Polygonatum involucratum (Franch. (wikipedia.org)
Royle1
- Royle Polygonatum orientale Desf. (wikipedia.org)
Involucratum2
Herb1
- Polygonatum extract is obtained from the rhizomes of polygonatum herb. (scienceherb.com)
Convallaria1
- Convallaria commutata R. & S., Polygonatum canaliculatum auct. (henriettes-herb.com)
Maxim1
- Malachova) A.L.Ebel Polygonatum lasianthum Maxim. (wikipedia.org)
Characteristics1
- Morphological characteristics and growth pattern of 10 Polygonatum collections indigenous to Korea were examined to select the promising medicinal, edible resources and horticultural crops. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Made1
- People have reported that their symptoms of inflammation such as irritation, redness, swelling, and pain have reduced after drinking tea made with polygonatum extracts. (scienceherb.com)