Plasmodium falciparum. Medical search

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.

Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

Tests that demonstrate the relative effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents against specific parasites.

A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

The functional hereditary units of protozoa.

One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.

The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A species of PLASMODIUM causing malaria in rodents.

A protozoan parasite that occurs primarily in subtropical and temperate areas. It is the causal agent of quartan malaria. As the parasite grows it exhibits little ameboid activity.

A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.

An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.

Multinucleate cells or a stage in the development of sporozoan protozoa. It is exemplified by the life cycle of PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM in the MALARIA infection cycle.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.

A surface protein found on Plasmodium species which induces a T-cell response. The antigen is polymorphic, sharing amino acid sequence homology among PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; and PLASMODIUM YOELII.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

The complete genetic complement contained in a set of CHROMOSOMES in a protozoan.

A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.

A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.

A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.

Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES.

A protozoan parasite from Southeast Asia that causes monkey malaria. It is naturally acquired by man in Malaysia and can also be transmitted experimentally to humans.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of dihydropteroate from p-aminobenzoic acid and dihydropteridine-hydroxymethyl-pyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.15.

A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.

A species of protozoan parasite causing MALARIA. It is the rarest of the four species of PLASMODIUM infecting humans, but is common in West African countries and neighboring areas.

A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles stephensi.

The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.

A condition characterized by somnolence or coma in the presence of an acute infection with PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (and rarely other Plasmodium species). Initial clinical manifestations include HEADACHES; SEIZURES; and alterations of mentation followed by a rapid progression to COMA. Pathologic features include cerebral capillaries filled with parasitized erythrocytes and multiple small foci of cortical and subcortical necrosis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p136)

The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.

Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes.

A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.

The concentration of a compound needed to reduce population growth of organisms, including eukaryotic cells, by 50% in vitro. Though often expressed to denote in vitro antibacterial activity, it is also used as a benchmark for cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells in culture.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

Formerly known as Siam, this is a Southeast Asian nation at the center of the Indochina peninsula. Bangkok is the capital city.

A republic of southeast Asia, northwest of Thailand, long familiar as Burma. Its capital is Yangon, formerly Rangoon. Inhabited by people of Mongolian stock and probably of Tibetan origin, by the 3d century A.D. it was settled by Hindus. The modern Burmese state was founded in the 18th century but was in conflict with the British during the 19th century. Made a crown colony of Great Britain in 1937, it was granted independence in 1947. In 1989 it became Myanmar. The name comes from myanma, meaning the strong, as applied to the Burmese people themselves. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p192 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p367)

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

A species in the family AOTIDAE, inhabiting the forested regions of Central and South America (from Panama to the Amazon). Vocalizations occur primarily at night when they are active, thus they are also known as Northern night monkeys.

Invertebrate organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404)

Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Aspects of health and disease related to travel.

The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.

A family of the New World monkeys inhabiting the forests of South and Central America. There is a single genus and several species occurring in this family, including AOTUS TRIVIRGATUS (Northern night monkeys).

Measure of the number of the PARASITES present in a host organism.

A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.

A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.

A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.

A protozoan parasite that causes avian malaria (MALARIA, AVIAN), primarily in chickens, and is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase (TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE), which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.

The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.

The process of germ cell development from the primordial GERM CELLS to the mature haploid GAMETES: ova in the female (OOGENESIS) or sperm in the male (SPERMATOGENESIS).

A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.

A republic in central Africa lying between GABON and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and south of Cameroon. Its capital is Brazzaville.

A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

A genus of the family CEBIDAE consisting of four species: S. boliviensis, S. orstedii (red-backed squirrel monkey), S. sciureus (common squirrel monkey), and S. ustus. They inhabit tropical rain forests in Central and South America. S. sciureus is used extensively in research studies.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more amino groups.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.

A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.

One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)

Cytochromes of the b group that have alpha-band absorption of 563-564 nm. They occur as subunits in MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III.

Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

Compounds based on 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide. The '-anil-' part of the name refers to aniline.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera PLASMODIUM, Leucocytozoon, and Haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria.

The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and east of COTE D'IVOIRE. Its capital is Monrovia.

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.

A group of Indian Ocean Islands, the islands of Great Comoro, Anjouan, Mayotte, and Moheli, lying between northeast Mozambique and northwest Madagascar. The capital is Moroni. In 1914 they became a colony attached to Madagascar administratively and were made a French overseas territory in 1947. Except for Mayotte which remained French, Comoros became an independent republic in 1975. Comoros represents the Arabic qamar, moon, said by some scholars to be linked with the mystical Mountains of the Moon said to be somewhere in equatorial Africa. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p283 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p122)

Originally an island of the Malay Archipelago, the second largest island in the world. It divided, West New Guinea becoming part of Indonesia and East New Guinea becoming Papua New Guinea.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)

Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.

Any spaces or cavities within a cell. They may function in digestion, storage, secretion, or excretion.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Infections that do not exhibit symptoms.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.

Long-acting plasma-bound sulfonamide used for respiratory and urinary tract infections and also for malaria.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophilic antibodies, or a monocyte possessing Fc receptors. Rosette formation can be used to identify specific populations of these cells.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the alpha chains of hemoglobin. The severity of this condition can vary from mild anemia to death, depending on the number of genes deleted.

Diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and x-rays, routinely performed on all individuals or specified categories of individuals in a specified situation, e.g., patients being admitted to the hospital. These include routine tests administered to neonates.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.

Reproduction without fusion of two types of cells, mostly found in ALGAE; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Asexual reproduction occurs in several ways, such as budding, fission, or splitting from "parent" cells. Only few groups of ANIMALS reproduce asexually or unisexually (PARTHENOGENESIS).

The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.

Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Organisms whose GENOME has been changed by a GENETIC ENGINEERING technique.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.

A republic in central Africa, east of the REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, south of the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and north of ANGOLA and ZAMBIA. The capital is Kinshasa.

A republic in western Africa, southwest of ALGERIA and west of MALI. Its capital is Nouakchott.

An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Characteristics include the presence of violet to brown spores.

Compounds containing carbohydrate or glycosyl groups linked to phosphatidylinositols. They anchor GPI-LINKED PROTEINS or polysaccharides to cell membranes.

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

Substances that are destructive to protozoans.

Optical mapping of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. (1/7602)

Detailed restriction maps of microbial genomes are a valuable resource in genome sequencing studies but are toilsome to construct by contig construction of maps derived from cloned DNA. Analysis of genomic DNA enables large stretches of the genome to be mapped and circumvents library construction and associated cloning artifacts. We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis purified Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2 DNA as the starting material for optical mapping, a system for making ordered restriction maps from ensembles of individual DNA molecules. DNA molecules were bound to derivatized glass surfaces, cleaved with NheI or BamHI, and imaged by digital fluorescence microscopy. Large pieces of the chromosome containing ordered DNA restriction fragments were mapped. Maps were assembled from 50 molecules producing an average contig depth of 15 molecules and high-resolution restriction maps covering the entire chromosome. Chromosome 2 was found to be 976 kb by optical mapping with NheI, and 946 kb with BamHI, which compares closely to the published size of 947 kb from large-scale sequencing. The maps were used to further verify assemblies from the plasmid library used for sequencing. Maps generated in silico from the sequence data were compared to the optical mapping data, and good correspondence was found. Such high-resolution restriction maps may become an indispensable resource for large-scale genome sequencing projects. (+info)

8-Aminoquinolines active against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro inhibit hematin polymerization. (2/7602)

From the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) inventory, thirteen 8-aminoquinoline analogs of primaquine were selected for screening against a panel of seven Plasmodium falciparum clones and isolates. Six of the 13 8-aminoquinolines had average 50% inhibitory concentrations between 50 and 100 nM against these P. falciparum clones and were thus an order of magnitude more potent than primaquine. However, excluding chloroquine-resistant clones and isolates, these 8-aminoquinolines were all an order of magnitude less potent than chloroquine. None of the 8-aminoquinolines was cross resistant with either chloroquine or mefloquine. In contrast to the inactive primaquine prototype, 8 of the 13 8-aminoquinolines inhibited hematin polymerization more efficiently than did chloroquine. Although alkoxy or aryloxy substituents at position 5 uniquely endowed these 13 8-aminoquinolines with impressive schizontocidal activity, the structural specificity of inhibition of both parasite growth and hematin polymerization was low. (+info)

Alternative oxidase inhibitors potentiate the activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. (3/7602)

Recent evidence suggests that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum utilizes a branched respiratory pathway including both a cytochrome chain and an alternative oxidase. This branched respiratory pathway model has been used as a basis for examining the mechanism of action of two antimalarial agents, atovaquone and proguanil. In polarographic assays, atovaquone immediately reduced the parasite oxygen consumption rate in a concentration-dependent manner. This is consistent with its previously described role as an inhibitor of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Atovaquone maximally inhibited the rate of P. falciparum oxygen consumption by 73% +/- 10%. At all atovaquone concentrations tested, the addition of the alternative oxidase inhibitor, salicylhydroxamic acid, resulted in a further decrease in the rate of parasite oxygen consumption. At the highest concentrations of atovaquone tested, the activities of salicylhydroxamic acid and atovaquone appear to overlap, suggesting that at these concentrations, atovaquone partially inhibits the alternative oxidase as well as the cytochrome chain. Drug interaction studies with atovaquone and salicylhydroxamic acid indicate atovaquone's activity against P. falciparum in vitro is potentiated by this alternative oxidase inhibitor, with a sum fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.6. Propyl gallate, another alternative oxidase inhibitor, also potentiated atovaquone's activity, with a sum fractional inhibitory concentration of 0.7. Proguanil, which potentiates atovaquone activity in vitro and in vivo, had a small effect on parasite oxygen consumption in polarographic assays when used alone or in the presence of atovaquone or salicylhydroxamic acid. This suggests that proguanil does not potentiate atovaquone by direct inhibition of either branch of the parasite respiratory chain. (+info)

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests of resistance in patients treated with chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. (4/7602)

The usefulness of an isotopic in vitro assay in the field was evaluated by comparing its results with the therapeutic response determined by the simplified WHO in vivo test in symptomatic Cameroonian patients treated with chloroquine. Of the 117 enrolled patients, 102 (87%) completed the 14-day follow-up, and 95 isolates obtained from these patients (46 children, 49 adults) yielded an interpretable in vitro test. A total of 57 of 95 patients (60%; 28 children and 29 adults) had an adequate clinical response with negative smears (n = 46) or with an asymptomatic parasitaemia (n = 11) on day 7 and/or day 14. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentration of the isolates obtained from these patients was 63.3 nmol/l. Late and early treatment failure was observed in 29 (30.5%) and 9 (9.5%) patients, respectively. The geometric mean 50% inhibitory concentrations of the corresponding isolates were 173 nmol/l and 302 nmol/l. Among the patients responding with late and early treatment failure, five isolates and one isolate, respectively, yielded a discordant result (in vivo resistance and in vitro sensitivity). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the in vitro test to detect chloroquine-sensitive cases was 67%, 84% and 86%, respectively. There was moderate concordance between the in vitro and in vivo tests (kappa value = 0.48). The in vitro assay agrees relatively well with the therapeutic response and excludes several host factors that influence the results of the in vivo test. However, in view of some discordant results, the in vitro test cannot substitute for in vivo data on therapeutic efficacy. The only reliable definition of "resistance" in malaria parasites is based on clinical and parasitological response in symptomatic patients, and the in vivo test provides the standard method to determine drug sensitivity or resistance as well as to guide national drug policies. (+info)

Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum expresses a high affinity facilitative hexose transporter. (5/7602)

Asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum cause severe malaria and are dependent upon host glucose for energy. We have identified a glucose transporter of P. falciparum (PfHT1) and studied its function and expression during parasite development in vitro. PfHT1 is a saturable, sodium-independent, and stereospecific transporter, which is inhibited by cytochalasin B, and has a relatively high affinity for glucose (Km = 0.48 mM) when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Competition experiments with glucose analogues show that hydroxyl groups at positions C-3 and C-4 are important for ligand binding. mRNA levels for PfHT1, assessed by the quantitative technique of tandem competitive polymerase chain reaction, are highest during the small ring stages of infection and lowest in gametocytes. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy localizes PfHT1 to the region of the parasite plasma membrane and not to host structures. These findings have implications for development of new drug targets in malaria as well as for understanding of the pathophysiology of severe infection. When hypoglycemia complicates malaria, modeling studies suggest that the high affinity of PfHT1 is likely to increase the relative proportion of glucose taken up by parasites and thereby worsen the clinical condition. (+info)

Complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections is consistent over time and protects against clinical disease in Tanzanian children. (6/7602)

The complexity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in 21 children was studied in repetitive samples over 4 years in an area of Tanzania where the organism is holoendemic. Genotyping was done by a polymerase chain reaction method that targets three highly polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface protein (MSP) 1 block 2, MSP 2, and the glutamine-rich protein. Eight children were repeatedly parasitemic, 5 had scanty parasitemias, and 8 were consistently nonparasitemic. Varying numbers of genotypes were detected in the parasitemic children, but the multiplicity of infection was significantly constant within each child. The children with frequent parasitemias experienced fewer clinical episodes during the study period than those without parasitemias. There was also a tendency for children with more complex infections to experience fewer episodes. The children had consistent parasitologic profiles over the 4 years. Although few subjects were studied and the results will require confirmation, the results suggest that asymptomatic (especially polyclonal) P. falciparum infection protects against clinical disease from new infections. (+info)

HLA class II factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen allele families. (7/7602)

In Plasmodium falciparum malaria, certain human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and the parasite's merozoite surface antigens 1 and 2 (MSA-1, MSA-2) have been shown to influence the course of the infection. This report is on associations of distinct HLA factors with the occurrence of particular MSA families in a group of patients with either severe or mild P. falciparum malaria in Gabon. Different distributions of HLA-DPB1 alleles were found in the 2 groups. DR *04 alleles were observed more frequently among patients with severe malaria. Several alleles of different loci were associated with distinct MSA allele families. In addition, carriers of the amino acid methionine at position 11 of the DPA1 allele were more often infected by MSA-1 K1 parasites and less frequently by MSA-1 RO33 parasites. Furthermore, associations of HLA factors with polyclonal infections were found. (+info)

Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. (8/7602)

Microscopic examination of blood smears remains the gold standard for malaria diagnosis, but is labor-intensive and requires skilled operators. Rapid dipstick technology provides a potential alternative. A study was conducted in The Gambia to compare the performance of OptiMAL, an immunochromatographic antigen detection assay for the diagnosis of malaria using parasite lactate dehydrogenase, against standard microscopy in patients with suspected malaria. For initial diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum, irrespective of stage, this assay had a sensitivity of 91.3%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 87.2%, and a negative predictive value of 94.7%. The sensitivity of the test decreased markedly at parasitemias < 0.01%. This assay can be used for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where microscopy is not available and for urgent malaria diagnosis at night and at weekends, when routine laboratories are closed and when relatively inexperienced microscopists may be on duty. (+info)

In Plasmodium falciparum, the OPRTase-OMPDCase complex increases the kinetic and thermal stability when compared to ... "Leaving group activation and pyrophosphate ionic state at the catalytic site of Plasmodium falciparum orotate ... monophosphate decarboxylase enzyme complex in human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Biochemical and Biophysical ... P. falciparum ODCase has been successfully inhibited by modifications on cytidine-5'-monophosphate N3 and N4. Click on genes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

It has also been used to study the structure of Plasmodium falciparum, a particularly pathogenic form of malaria. In 1986, P. A ... "Interpretation of the ultraviolet-visible spectra of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Applied Optics. 49 (2): 180-8. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_scattering

March 1999). "The effect of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on HIV-1 RNA blood plasma concentration". AIDS. 13 (4): 487-94. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty

... and Plasmodium falciparum (malaria), however it is also the most toxic to mammalian cells which limits its viability as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenortide

The smallest mitochondrial genome sequenced to date is the 5,967 bp mtDNA of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Endosymbiotic ... Tyagi S, Pande V, Das A (February 2014). "Whole mitochondrial genome sequence of an Indian Plasmodium falciparum field isolate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

... an investigation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African populations. jisc.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardis_Sabeti

"Compositional constraints in the extremely GC-poor genome of Plasmodium falciparum". Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 92 (6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCONDELs

Plasmodium falciparum and other Plasmodium spp. (parasites causing malaria). Similar to plants, several Apicomplexan species, ... Tan JL, Ward L, Truscott KN, Dougan DA (October 2016). "The N-end rule adaptor protein ClpS from Plasmodium falciparum exhibits ... In vitro data demonstrate that Plasmodium falciparum ClpS is able to recognize a variety of N-terminal primary destabilizing ... November 2005). "A protein interaction network of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Nature. 438 (7064): 103-7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-end_rule

The four species infective to humans are P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax and P. ovale. Leishmania, unicellular organisms ... Manson further predicted that the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, had a mosquito vector, and persuaded Ronald Ross to investigate ... These include organisms such as: Plasmodium spp., the protozoan parasite which causes malaria. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitology

... antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity to cultured human cancer cell lines. Verspagen, N.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseuduvaria_setosa

... or both of the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Carpenter, Stanley J.; LaCasse, Walter J. (1974). Mosquitoes of North ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_crucians

"Molecular insights into the interaction between Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 and an invasion-inhibitory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_function_prediction

"DNA cloning of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite gene: amino acid sequence of repetitive epitope". Science. 225 (4662): ... "Binding and Invasion of Liver Cells by Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (9): 7092- ... "Transgenic Parasites Stably Expressing Full-Length Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein as a Model for Vaccine Down- ... Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a secreted protein of the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium sp.) and is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumsporozoite_protein

Instead, they develop into peculiar lobulated schizonts of less than 100 μm in size, similar to Plasmodium falciparum stages in ... similarly to the stages of Plasmodium falciparum in the liver. The vector of Nycteria has been hard to acquire and identify. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nycteria

Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (malaria parasite) Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) Ricinus communis (castor bean) Saccharomyces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID

... an organophosphorus compound Plasmodium falciparum, a species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans Polar front, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PF

Plasmodium falciparum, DeRisi's group has developed profoundly promising candidate drugs to cure malaria. In 2004 DeRisi was ... profiling gene expression throughout the lifecycle of the malaria-causing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum, his discovery of the ... "The Transcriptome of the Intraerythrocytic Developmental Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum", PLOS Biology, 1 (1): e5, doi:10.1371/ ... "Comparative whole genome transcriptome analysis of three Plasmodium falciparum strains", Nucleic Acids Research, 34 (4): 1166- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_DeRisi

"An improved method for undertaking limiting dilution assays for in vitro cloning of Plasmodium falciparum parasites". Malaria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_cloning

"Histone 4 lysine 8 acetylation regulates proliferation and host-pathogen interaction in Plasmodium falciparum". Epigenetics & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K8ac

The work challenges the former belief that G6PD mutations were selected by P. falciparum and highlights the significant effect ... White, NJ (Jan 15, 2008). "Plasmodium knowlesi: the fifth human malaria parasite". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 46 (2): 172-3 ... and its effect on Plasmodium vivax (one of the six species of malaria parasites that commonly infect humans) density. ... "Positively Selected G6PD-Mahidol Mutation Reduces Plasmodium vivax Density in Southeast Asians" (PDF). Science. 326 (5959): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anavaj_Sakuntabhai

"Binding site differences revealed by crystal structures of Plasmodium falciparum and bovine acyl-CoA binding protein". J. Mol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl-CoA-binding_protein

For example in Plasmodium falciparum, many intergenic regions have an AT content of 90%. As intergenic regions are a subset of ... October 2002). "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Nature. 419 (6906): 498-511. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenic_region

Extracts of T. catappa have shown activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (FcB1) and CQ-sensitive ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminalia_catappa

It is primarily active against Plasmodium falciparum, but also against Plasmodium vivax. Due to the emergence of pyrimethamine- ... 2004). "Evolution of resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 48 (6): ... antimalarial activities and binding affinities to wild type and mutant dihydrofolate reductases from Plasmodium falciparum". J ... resistant strains of P. falciparum, pyrimethamine alone is seldom used now. In combination with a long-acting sulfonamide such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrimethamine

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum requires POFUT2 for efficient transmission to mosquitoes and infection of human ... September 2017). "Protein O-fucosylation in Plasmodium falciparum ensures efficient infection of mosquito and vertebrate hosts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP-fucose_protein_O-fucosyltransferase_2

Weng H, Guo X, Papoin J, Wang J, Coppel R, Mohandas N, An X (January 2014). "Interaction of Plasmodium falciparum knob- ... KAHRP is a major component of knobs, feature found on Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes. It has been suggested that ... Mayer C, Slater L, Erat MC, Konrat R, Vakonakis I (March 2012). "Structural analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte ... KAHRP (knob-associated histidine-rich protein) is a protein expressed by Plasmodium falciparum infecting erythrocytes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAHRP

"Identification of Plasmodium falciparum antigens by antigenic analysis of genomic and proteomic data". Proceedings of the ... infection with the malaria pathogen Plasmodium spp.) it is dispersed over a relatively large number of parasite antigens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

... is caused by heavy parasitization of red blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum. However, there have been ... other cases attributed to Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi. Blackwater fever is a serious ... Madhuri, M. S.; Elavarasan, K.; Benjamin, V. P.; Sridhar, M. S.; Natarajan, S.; Chiranjeevi, V. (2018-10-01). "Falciparum ... "Blackwater fever caused by Plasmodium vivax infection in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 296 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_fever

Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum is a major selective factor in human evolution. It has influenced mutations in HBB in ... Verra F, Mangano VD, Modiano D (2009). "Genetics of susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum: from classical malaria resistance ... HbC provides near full protection against Plasmodium falciparum in homozygous (CC) individuals and intermediate protection in ... "Haemoglobin C and S in natural selection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a plethora or a single shared adaptive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_subunit_beta

High resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in northern Tanzania and the emergence of dhps ... 372(9649): p. 1545-54 Gesase, S., et al., High resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine in northern ... Competitive facilitation of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites in pregnant women who receive preventive ... for Plasmodium falciparum malaria control in Africa". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_preventive_therapy

Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum -- Africa The first confirmed cases of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum ... Possible sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria from Kenya (letter). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ... Response of falciparum malaria to a standard regimen of chloroquine in Khartoum province, Sudan. World Health Organization, WHO ... Plasmodium malaria resistant to chloroquine in a Zambian living in Zambia. Br Med J 1983;286:1315-6. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000128.htm

Background: Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are prevalent in Pakistan. Data on the epidemiology of Plasmodium infec-tions in ... Documento de política acerca de la primaquina en dosis única como gametocitocida en el paludismo por Plasmodium falciparum ... Administración masiva de medicamentos contra el paludismo por plasmodium falciparum: manual práctico ... Drug-resistant falciparum malaria cases imported from Dar Es Salam, United Republic of Tanzania / by E. Stahel, A. Degrémont, ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?locale-attribute=ru&type=mesh&authority=Malaria,+Falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum is the deadliest of five human malaria species and responsible for the majority of ... Sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosomes 1, 3-9 and 13.. Hall N, Pain A, Berriman M, Churcher C, Harris B, Harris D, ... Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.. Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, White O, Berriman M, Hyman RW ... Other P. falciparum sequencing projects A draft sequence of P. falciparum IT clone was produced using Sanger sequencing (funded ...

https://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/downloads/protozoa/plasmodium-falciparum.html

... Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1992 Aug;54(1):113-5. doi: 10.1016/0166-6851( ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1518525/

Malaria, a disease caused mainly by the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, (P. vivax) is associated with ... Severe forms of malaria such as Plasmodium falciparum may be deadly even after treatment with current parasite-killing drugs. ... New data provide the first clinical evidence that drug-resistant mutations in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may be ... Sanaria PfSPZ-CVac" is a live vaccine consisting of infectious Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria parasites that are injected ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Plasmodium-falciparum&page=2

The spread of resistance to artemisinin in isolates of the malaria pathogen Plasmodium falciparum in southeast Asia threatens ... A molecular marker is required to monitor artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites in southeast Asia; here ... Frédéric Ariey and colleagues have now identified a major determinant of P. falciparum artemisinin resistance that could ... Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin derivatives in southeast Asia threatens malaria control and elimination ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12876?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1da4e31f-9359-432e-9805-caf7ab16443e

Antigenic cross-reactions between Babesia Argentina and Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum / by Colin G. Ludford ... [‎ ... Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the Pacific Coast of Colombia / by Ralph D. Comer ... [‎et al.]‎ ... Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum from Viet Nam / by Robin D. Powell, George J. Brewer, Alf S. Alving ... Chloroquine resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Brazil detected by a simple in vitro method / by Karl H. Rieckmann, ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Plasmodium+falciparum&type=mesh

... with Quinidine Gluconate: Discontinuation of Parenteral ... CDC has recently reviewed data on the reported incidence in the United States of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and has ... Notices to Readers Treatment of Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria with Quinidine Gluconate: Discontinuation of Parenteral ... An expanded report on the use of quinidine gluconate for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria will be published in an MMWR ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0001951/m0001951.asp

Calcium-dependent protein kinase 4

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/pdb/4RGJ

Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.. Nature. 2002; 419: 498-511. View in Article *Scopus (3404 ... Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum phenylalanine tRNA synthetase provides opportunity for antimalarial drug development. *. ... Previous ArticleBasis for drug selectivity of plasmepsin IX and X inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum and vivax ... Extra terminal residues have a profound effect on the folding and solubility of a Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage-specific ...

https://www.cell.com/structure/fulltext/S0969-2126

Increased circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum underlies persistent asymptomatic infection in the dry season Author(s): ... Plasmodium falciparum transcription in different clinical presentations of malaria associates with circulation time of infected ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/839998/results

Plasmodium falciparum) [TaxId:5833] from a.45.1.1 Pf GST: *Species Malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) [TaxId:5833] from ... Plasmodium falciparum) [TaxId:5833] from a.45.1.1 Pf GST appears in SCOP 1.71. *Species Malarial parasite (Plasmodium ... PDB entries in Species: Malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) [TaxId: 5833]:. *Domain(s) for 1okt: *. Domain d1okta1: 1okt ... More info for Species Malarial parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) [TaxId:5833] from a.45.1.1 Pf GST. Timeline for Species ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=101211&ver=1.73

Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. Figure 2. Plasmodium falciparum.[http://www.parasitesinhumans.org/plasmodium-falciparum- ... Legend/credit: Plasmodium falciparum life cycle [1]. Closed double brackets: ]] Other examples: Bold Italic Subscript: H2O ... Plasmodium falciparum. ,/i,. 2010. . PLoS ONE 5(11). : e14064. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014064. .] ... 1] Chinappi M, Via A., Marctili P., and Tramontano A. "On the Mechanism of Chloroquine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum." ...

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Chloroquine_Resistance_in_Plasmodium_falciparum&diff=prev&oldid=109475

Plasmodium falciparum 3D7). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/2I7C_A

Hematologic parameters in pediatric uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. ...

https://dndi.org/scientific-articles/2011/hematologic-parameters-in-pediatric-uncomplicated-plasmodium-falciparum-malaria-in-sub-saharan-africa/

Williams TN, Mwangi TW, Wambua S, Alexander ND, Kortok M, Snow RW, Sickle cell trait and the risk of Plasmodium falciparum ... Modiano D, Luoni G, Sirima BS, Simpore J, Verra F, Konate A, Haemoglobin C protects again clinical Plasmodium falciparum ... Age as a risk factor for severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in nonimmune patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1774-7. DOIPubMed ... Mortality from Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travelers from the United States, 1959 to 1987. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:326-7. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/6/06-0955_article

Reduced risk of placental parasitaemia associated with complement fixation on Plasmodium falciparum by antibodies among ... Reduced risk of placental parasitaemia associated with complement fixation on Plasmodium falciparum by antibodies among ... Reduced risk of placental parasitaemia associated with complement fixation on Plasmodium falciparum by antibodies among ... Reduced risk of placental parasitaemia associated with complement fixation on Plasmodium falciparum by antibodies among ...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.06.02.21258254v1.article-info

When applied to promoter regions of genes contained within 21 co-expression gene clusters generated from P. falciparum life ... falciparum. The fact that regulatory elements were predicted from a diverse range of functional gene clusters supports the ... falciparum intergenic regions (~90% AT) presents significant challenges to in silico cis-regulatory element discovery. We have ... falciparum genome sequence having revealed few cis-regulatory elements and associated transcription factors. Although it is ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-9-70/figures/4

Plasmodium falciparum and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are both risk factors for low birth weight (LBW) and maternal ... Plasmodium falciparum. infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight and maternal anemia. . Trans R Soc Trop Med ... Plasmodium falciparum. infection during pregnancy on the risk of low birth weight and maternal anemia. . Trans R Soc Trop Med ... Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria at delivery: comparison of blood film preparation methods and of blood films with ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/87/1/article-p29.xml?rskey=ccaYma&result=2

... dc.contributor.author. ... Resistencia de plasmodium falciparum a tres fármacos antimaláricos en Turbo: Antioquia, Colombia,1998. es_ES. ... Resistence of plasmodium falciparum to three antimalarials in Turbo Antioquia, Colombia,1998. es_ES. ... Blair, Silvia,Lacharme, Leidy L,Carmona Fonseca, Jaime,Tobón, Alberto (2001) Resistencia de plasmodium falciparum a tres ...

https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/8758?show=full

Plasmodium falciparum). Herein, we report our continuing efforts to optimize this series against P. falciparum. Through the ... Optimization of Physicochemical Properties for 4‐Anilinoquinoline Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Proliferation. Posted by ... falciparum with an improved ADME profile over the previously reported compound. ...

https://chemaxon.com/blog/publication/optimization-of-physicochemical-properties-for-anilinoquinoline-inhibitors-of-plasmodium-falciparum-proliferation

Malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum have exerted formidable selective pressures on the human genome. Of the human ... 2022). The erythrocyte membrane properties of beta thalassaemia heterozygotes and their consequences for Plasmodium falciparum ... The erythrocyte membrane properties of beta thalassaemia heterozygotes and their consequences for Plasmodium falciparum ... falciparum invasion, and calculated the energy required for merozoites to invade them. We found invasion-relevant differences ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338576

Analysis of erythrocyte signalling pathways during Plasmodium falciparum infection identifies targets for host-directed ... Analysis of erythrocyte signalling pathways during Plasmodium falciparum infection identifies targets for host-directed ... gap through a comprehensive and dynamic assessment of host erythrocyte signaling during infection with Plasmodium falciparum. ...

https://www.burnet.edu.au/publications/6150_analysis_of_erythrocyte_signalling_pathways_during_plasmodium_falciparum_infection_identifies_targets_for_host_directed_antimalarial_intervention

Acidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely ... Acidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely ... Acidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely ... Acidosis in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with high mortality, yet the pathogenesis remains incompletely ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/identifying-the-components-of-acidosis-in-patients-with-severe-pl

Plasmodium falciparum founder populations in western Cambodia have reduced artemisinin sensitivity in vitro. ... Reduced Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to short-course artemisinin (ART) monotherapy manifests as a long parasite clearance ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/plasmodium-falciparum-founder-populations-in-western-cambodia-have-reduced-artemisinin-sensitivity-in-vitro/

The dynamics of P. falciparum genotypes during pregnancy in 32 women in relation to VAR2CSA polymorphism and immunity was ... Pregnant women acquire protective antibodies that cross-react with geographically diverse placental Plasmodium falciparum ... 25 million pregnant women are at risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection every year[1, 2]. Plasmodium falciparum isolates ... Distribution of Birth Weight according to parity and to diversity of Plasmodium falciparum placental infection. Diversity was ...

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-9-165

The Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RhopH3 plays essential roles in host cell invasion and nutrient uptake ...

https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/publications/the-plasmodium-falciparum-rhoptry-protein-rhoph3-plays-essential-roles-in-host-cell-invasion-and-nutrient-uptake

Parasite isolates collected between 2008 and 2021 from individuals with naturally acquired P. falciparum infections presenting ... From: Impact of parasite genomic dynamics on the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates to piperaquine and other ...

https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-022-02652-2/peer-review

Background: Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax are prevalent in Pakistan. (who.int)
Diagnosing Malaria Patients with Plasmodium falciparum and vivax Using Deep. (nih.gov)
Our framework detects whether a patient is infected, and in case of a malarial infection, reports whether the patient is infected by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax. (nih.gov)
Kassim YM, Yang F, Yu H, Maude RJ, Jaeger S. Diagnosing Malaria Patients with Plasmodium falciparum and vivax Using Deep Learning for Thick Smear Images. (nih.gov)
However, co-infection with P. vivax was associated with fewer P. falciparum genotypes per infection. (pasteur.fr)
Plasmodium vivax, and mixed species infections accounted for 56.7%, 41.1%, and 2.2% of malaria cases, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Identification of cryptic coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum in patients presenting with vivax malaria. (tropmedres.ac)
This study aims to examine clearance time of P. falciparum and P. vivax parasitemia as well as putative gene mutations associated with residual or recurred parasitemia in Myanmar. (biomedcentral.com)
A total of 63 P. falciparum and 130 P. vivax samples collected from two internally-displaced populations and one surrounding village were examined for parasitemia changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Primaquine should be given if Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale is suspected after checking for the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. (medscape.com)
Plasmodium vivax-specific RDTs target P. vivax-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (Pv-pLDH). (itg.be)
Previous observations of false positive Pv-pLDH test lines in P. falciparum samples incited to the present study, which assessed P. vivax-specific RDTs for the occurrence of false positive Pv-pLDH lines in P. falciparum samples. (itg.be)
Mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections were ruled out by real-time PCR. (itg.be)
CONCLUSION: False positive Pv-pLDH lines in P. falciparum samples with high parasite density occurred in 6/9 P. vivax-specific RDTs. (itg.be)
This is of concern as P. falciparum and P. vivax are co-circulating in many regions. (itg.be)
Plasmodium vivax does occur in Pakistan, where it is found in slightly more than 50% of malaria cases. (cdc.gov)
More specifically, the summer project involves resolving the nanoparticle nature of a Plasmodium vivax Pvs230D1-EPA conjugated vaccine, an orthologous conjugated vaccine to Pfs230D1-EPA, using biological atomic force microscopy (Bio-AFM) and related analyses. (nih.gov)
Placental malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax or P. falciparum in Colombia: Histopathology and mediators in placental processes. (amedeo.com)
The decrease in total counts of malaria cases during the last decade and the increased proportion of cases due to P. falciparum both reflect the reduced numbers of service members exposed to malaria (especially P. vivax ) in Afghanistan. (health.mil)
1 The majority of these cases and deaths were due to mosquito-transmitted Plasmodium falciparum and occurred in sub-Saharan Africa among children under 5 years of age, but P. vivax , P. ovale , and P. malariae can also cause severe disease. (health.mil)
It is caused by parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax that are injected into the bloodstream by infected mosquitoes. (medindia.net)
Even a single infection of treated P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria was associated with reduced fetal head diameter, irrespective of whether the woman had shown symptoms or not. (medindia.net)
In French Guiana as on the Guiana Shield, the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum is very high (between 30 and 45 %) comparing to the high prevalence of Plasmodium vivax in South America [ 1 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients with HMS have high levels of antibody for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, or Plasmodium ovale . (medscape.com)
Such cell separations can help for example, in the investigation of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium vivax, as it preferentially invades reticulocyte cells in a process that is poorly understood. (biotechsupportgroup.com)

Severe forms of malaria such as Plasmodium falciparum may be deadly even after treatment with current parasite-killing drugs. (news-medical.net)
Exposure to suboptimal doses of the antiparasitic drug artemisinin could increase the sexual conversion rate of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, thereby increasing the probability of transmission, according to a study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), an institution supported by "la Caixa" Foundation. (news-medical.net)
However, the effectiveness of chloroquine has been decreasing due to the recent developments of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum parasite. (kenyon.edu)
Plasmodium falciparum which is a protozoan parasite causes malaria which has claimed a lot of lives in malaria endemic regions (8). (kenyon.edu)
The ability of Plasmodium parasite that allows it to be transmitted extensively comes from the fact that it develops in the red blood cells and therefore suppressing their function (Figure 2. (kenyon.edu)
Plasmodium falciparum , an intraerythrocytic parasite that causes the most severe form of human malaria, is endemic to Haiti where it caused 32 739 infections and contributed to an estimated 741 malaria deaths in 2006 [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Malaria caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum continues to exert a huge burden on global public health, with over 200 million clinical cases annually and approximately half a million deaths. (nature.com)
PlasmodiumVF-Net first detects candidates for Plasmodium parasites using a Mask Regional-Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN), filters out false positives using a ResNet50 classifier, and then follows a new approach to recognize parasite species based on a score obtained from the number of detected patches and their aggregated probabilities for all of the patient images. (nih.gov)
Heterologous (trans-species) expression of the human malaria Plasmodium falciparum AMA-1 (PF83/AMA-1) in the rodent parasite P. berghei was highly immunogenic in mice, resulting in a response against a functionally critical domain of the molecule. (semanticscholar.org)
Plasmodium falciparum laboratory strain TM267 was incubated for 2 hours (short exposure) or 48 hours (continuous exposure) at different temperatures (32°C, 34°C, 35°C, 38°C, 39°C, and 40°C). The starting parasite developmental stage (ring, trophozoite, or schizont) varied between experiments. (ox.ac.uk)
Plasmodium falciparum has the morbid characteristic of being the deadliest protozoan parasite of humans. (biomedcentral.com)
However, before it can succeed sexually in the mosquito host, P. falciparum undergoes a puberty-like process in the human blood: an asexual parasite goes through a series of changes, which will lead to the generation of a sexually competent parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we explored the transmission dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum in mosquitoes fed with anti-AnAPN1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) vs. untreated controls, and investigated whether the parasite genetic content affects or is affected by antibody treatment. (pasteur.fr)
Characterisation of complexes formed by parasite proteins exported into the host cell compartment of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. (edu.au)
During its intraerythrocytic life cycle, the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum supplements its nutritional requirements by scavenging substrates from the plasma through the new permeability pathways (NPPs) installed in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. (edu.au)
A ) In vitro growth inhibition (GIA) assays were performed to assess the abilities of the monoclonal antibodies raised against recombinant CyRPA to block P. falciparum parasite growth in human erythrocytes. (elifesciences.org)
These results show that replacement of Pfs47 haplotypes is sufficient to change the compatibility of P. falciparum to evolutionarily diverse anopheline vectors, by allowing the parasite to evade the mosquito complement-like system. (nih.gov)
Frequency of mutations in various gene codons among samples that showed fast (parasite cleared at day 2 or 3) and delayed (parasite cleared after day 3) clearance of P. falciparum . (biomedcentral.com)
Homologous lncRNA-TARE loci are coordinately expressed after parasite DNA replication, and are poised to play an important role in P. falciparum telomere maintenance, virulence gene regulation, and potentially other processes of parasite chromosome end biology. (biomedcentral.com)
The causative agent of the most severe form of human malaria, Plasmodium falciparum , is a unicellular eukaryotic parasite transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum infections in north-western Thailand, a region of low transmission intensity (1 infection/person each year), has found a comparable number of parasite genotypes per infected person to regions with hyperendemic malaria. (pasteur.fr)
Although an acetyltransferase (PfGCN5) has been shown to preferentially acetylate histone H3 at K9 and K14 in Plasmodium falciparum, the scale of histone acetylation in the parasite genome and its role in transcriptional activation are essentially unknown. (elsevier.com)
The selective sweep hypothesis requires that populations of P. falciparum be effectively clonal, despite the obligate sexual stage of the parasite life cycle. (escholarship.org)
We carried out a population-based study to determine the unbiased, age-specific Plasmodium falciparum prevalence, asexual and sexual parasite density, and spatial distribution to establish rates of infection at a site in western Kenya. (cdc.gov)
The phylum Apicomplexa includes intracellular parasites causing immense global disease burden, the deadliest of them being the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , which invades and replicates within erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Of the two actin genes in P. falciparum, actin-1 ( pfact1 ) is ubiquitously expressed in all life-cycle stages and is thought to be required for erythrocyte invasion, although its functions during parasite development are unknown, and definitive in vivo characterisation during invasion is lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
Malaria causes almost half a million deaths and immeasurable morbidity every year, with most deaths attributable to Plasmodium falciparum , the deadliest of the five parasite species capable of infecting humans [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmodium falciparum, the protozoan parasite responsible for severe malaria infection, undergoes a complex life cycle. (tropmedres.ac)
We conclude that P. falciparum iRBC can bind host VEGF-R on the erythrocyte membrane and accumulate host VEGF within the parasitophorous vacuole, which may have a trophic effect on parasite growth. (tropmedres.ac)
This source appears in the Malaria Atlas Project Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite Rate Database . (healthdata.org)
This photomicrograph of a blood smear reveals both a macrogametocyte (right), and microgametocyte of the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. (doe.gov)
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum is the causal agent of human malaria. (doe.gov)
Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (doe.gov)
We have tested the susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to iron deprivation by studying the effect of desferrioxamine (DF), a specific iron chelating agent, on parasite growth in an in vitro culture system. (elsevier.com)
To investigate the possibility that the host fever response in malaria may affect parasite development, we studied the effect of temperature on Plasmodium falciparum in erythrocytic culture in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
Plasmodium viridax, a protozoal parasite, is a human pathogen. (microbiologynote.com)
Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite that infects humans unicellularly, is the most deadly form of Plasmodium. (microbiologynote.com)
P. falciparum has been described as the most deadly parasite known to man. (microbiologynote.com)
Deconstructing the parasite multiplication rate of Plasmodium falciparum. (midasnetwork.us)
The parasite multiplication rate (PMR) is a widely used indicator for the Plasmodium intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC), for example, but its relationship to clinical outcomes is complex. (midasnetwork.us)
Here, we review its calculation and use in P. falciparum malaria research, as well as the parasite and host factors that impact it. (midasnetwork.us)
Genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum populations can be used to describe the resilience and spatial distribution of the parasite in the midst of intensified intervention efforts. (biomedcentral.com)
Asymptomatic malaria parasite carriage was determined using microscopy and PCR, whilst fragment analysis of 6 microsatellite loci was used to determine the diversity and population structure of P. falciparum parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
P. falciparum infections from the border regions in China were genetically similar to Myanmar and parasite gene flow was not constrained by geographical distance. (elsevier.com)
Although malaria is an ancient disease caused by Plasmodium parasite, it remains important to public health to present era. (parasitol.kr)
To date, a large amount of genetic data has been accumulated both for humans and Plasmodium falciparum , which causes the most severe forms of malaria, including the genomes of various strains and isolates of the parasite. (biomedcentral.com)
The project aimed at exploring the biology of asymptomatic P. falciparum parasites and its interactions with the human host during the dry season that ensure that the parasite is not cleared and can be transmitted in the next transmission season. (uni-heidelberg.de)
When applied to image the most virulent human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , the first approach, using live time-lapse wide-field microscopy, allows the capture of transient events during invasion and postinvasion intra-erythrocytic development, while the second, using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) of fixed samples, allows high-definition exploration of parasite architecture on multiple platforms. (springernature.com)
Evaluation of a parasite-density based pooled targeted amplicon deep sequencing (TADS) method for molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes in Haiti. (amedeo.com)
Genomic miscellany and allelic frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum msp-1, msp-2 and glurp in parasite isolates. (amedeo.com)
RDT positive rate was 20.8%, 8.8% and 22.0% and Plasmodium falciparum parasite (blood film) prevalence rate was 5.3%, 2.1% and 4.9% respectively. (mcdconsortium.org)
This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM . (bvsalud.org)
The usage of quantitative qRT-PCR assays for detection and quantification of late gametocyte phases has revealed the excessive transmission capability of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. (genzymediagnostics.com)

This form of movement is unique to parasites from the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma. (news-medical.net)
Although the preva- malaria and pregnant women are more like- lence and density of P. falciparum parasites ly to develop clinical attacks of malaria and are higher in pregnant women than in non- serious complications than non-pregnant pregnant women, most infections remain women of the same age. (who.int)
Although this approach may appear attractive, the fact that in Plasmodium falciparum (P. f.) malaria, the severity of which should give it the highest diagnostic priority, the fact that most circulating intra-erythrocytic P. f. parasites contain little or no Hz raises some concern. (nih.gov)
The P. falciparum parasites expressed haemagglutinin-tagged CyRPA protein. (elifesciences.org)
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected anopheline mosquitoes. (nih.gov)
A systematic bioactivity-guided fractionation of this plant was conducted involving the determination of the effect of its various extracts and their chemical constituents on the lactate dehydrogenase activity of in vitro chloroquine-resistant Gombak A isolate and chloroquine-sensitive D10 strain of Plasmodium falciparum parasites. (globinmed.com)
The recent origin of the world-wide P. falciparum populations may account for its virulence, as the most malignant of human malarial parasites. (escholarship.org)
Sequencing of 2 fragments in the P. falciparum prevalent, which suggests that parasites may be resistant chloroquine resistance transporter ( pfcrt ) gene covering to multiple commonly used antimalarial drugs. (cdc.gov)
It is more virulent than Plasmodium falciparum (the most deadly of the five human malaria parasites), but it can be fatal. (microbiologynote.com)
This study used microsatellite analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity and population dynamics of P. falciparum parasites circulating in three ecological zones of Ghana. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic diversity in P. falciparum parasites primarily results from recombination between different clones in addition to within clone polymorphisms including chromosomal deletions, gene duplication, number of repeat sequences and point mutations at various genetic loci [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Exploring Plasmodium falciparum Var Gene Expression to Assess Host Selection Pressure on Parasites During Infancy. (ox.ac.uk)
We hypothesized that producing tambjamine-resistant P. falciparum parasites would result in one or more mutations in the DNA sequence of those resistant lines, revealing the molecular target(s) of the tambjamines. (dominican.edu)
It is possible that tambjamines have multiple or nonspecific targets when inhibiting the growth of P. falciparum parasites. (dominican.edu)
The malaria pathogens, parasites of the genus Plasmodium, need the Anopheles mosquito to get into humans. (uni-heidelberg.de)
Also developed by Sanaria Inc. with support from NIAID, this vaccine introduces live P. falciparum parasites into the bloodstream. (nih.gov)
The saliva test detects a novel biomarker for Plasmodium falciparum parasites. (ufl.edu)
The vector-borne infectious disease, malaria can be caused by one of four types of Plasmodium parasites that can infect humans, with Plasmodium falciparum causing the most dangerous infection. (kenyon.edu)

On November 3rd he visited a local hospital in Côtes des Arcadins and was diagnosed with P. falciparum infection by peripheral blood smear. (hindawi.com)
Eisele TP , Keating J , Bennett A , Londono B , Johnson D , Lafontant C , Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection in rainy season, Artibonite Valley, Haiti, 2006. (cdc.gov)
Plasmodium falciparum infection causes febrile illness and severe disease with multiple organ failure and death when treatment is delayed. (ox.ac.uk)
Genetic analysis revealed a significant sib-mating within P. falciparum infra-populations infecting one host, as measured by the strong correlation between Wright's FIS and multiplicity of infection. (pasteur.fr)
The mosquito immune system can greatly limit infection and P. falciparum evolved a strategy to evade these responses mediated by Pfs47. (nih.gov)
The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. (ox.ac.uk)
The 2015 WHO guidelines for the treatment of malaria[2] state that, if the species cannot be confirmed, the patient should be managed as if the infection is caused by P falciparum. (medscape.com)
Plasmodium falciparum infection causes variable clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations. (parasitol.kr)
The problems of Plasmodium falciparum infection in pregnant women have been described in numerous sub-Saharan African countries, but the frequency of parasitemia at the first antenatal visit and risk factors for infection have not been fully investigated. (ajtmh.org)
Because P. falciparum has a complex lifecycle during human infection, most advanced malaria vaccine candidates and current chemoprophylaxis drugs can confer only partial, short-term protection in malaria-endemic areas. (nih.gov)
Increased circulation time of Plasmodium falciparum underlies persistent asymptomatic infection in the dry season. (uni-heidelberg.de)
A Systematic Review Protocol to Establish Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Diversity, Multiplicity of Infection, Genotyping Approaches, and Methods of Reporting It in Africa. (uncst.go.ug)
Little efforts have been made to systematically establish P. falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in African settings. (uncst.go.ug)
Malaria is a potentially life-threatening parasitic disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. (medscape.com)
Plasmodium falciparum infection carries a poor prognosis with a high mortality if untreated, but it has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. (medscape.com)
In the United States, patients with P falciparum infection are often treated on an inpatient basis to allow observation for complications. (medscape.com)
Progress towards the development of highly effective vaccines for malaria has been frustratingly slow, but a distinctive bright spot for malaria vaccine and immunology researchers is the availability of human experimental models of P. falciparum -infection and malaria immunity. (jcvi.org)
Remarkably, investigators at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre (RUNMC) in The Netherlands have shown that long-term sterile immunity (at least 28 months) to experimental P. falciparum -infection can be induced by exposing malaria-naïve volunteers to the bites of 15 P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes monthly for three months while on chloroquine prophylaxis (CPS immunization). (jcvi.org)
We are currently carrying out genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of a cohort undergoing experimental P. falciparum -infection to identify transcriptional 'signatures' of CPS efficacy. (jcvi.org)
Owing to the differential rate of acquiring immunity to malaria after experimental and natural P. falciparum -infection, this information could provide critical insights into development strategies for novel malaria vaccines. (jcvi.org)
70% (n = 1,138) had PCR-positive Plasmodium falciparum infection at least once over the course of pregnancy and/or positive placental histology. (duke.edu)

It is the most widespread species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. (microbiologynote.com)

We found MSP1 already characterized protein and Pf4.4.13 and the basic transcription factor 3B (PfBTF3B), which have not yet been characterized in P. falciparum as effectors. (usp.br)
Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) is a leading asexual blood-stage vaccine candidate for malaria. (nature.com)
2 The most advanced of these candidates is the P. falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5). (nature.com)
Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 conserved Plasmodium protein, unknown function (PF3D7_0520200), partial mRNA. (genscript.com)
Over-expression of a GFP-PfRab1A fusion protein in Plasmodium falciparum schizonts produces a punctate pattern of fluorescence typical of rhoptries, secretory organelles involved in host cell invasion. (inserm.fr)
We identified 872 protein-coding genes and 60 putative P. falciparum lncRNAs under developmental regulation during the parasite's pathogenic human blood stage. (biomedcentral.com)
Stability of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen 1 and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein immunodominant epitopes in a highland population from Western Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
Moormann AM, Sumba PO, Tisch DJ, Embury P, King CH, Kazura JW, John CC. Stability of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver stage antigen 1 and thrombospondin-related adhesive protein immunodominant epitopes in a highland population from Western Kenya. (umassmed.edu)
We report a method for typing polymorphisms at the T-cell epitopes within the Th2R and Th3R regions of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP). (unl.pt)
This method has been developed specifically for the assessment of the protective efficacy of RTS,S/SBAS2 vaccine against the 3D7 strain of P. falciparum (RTS,S/SBAS2 vaccine contains a part of the 3D7 CSP protein) in a phase IIb trial in Gambia which has been completed recently. (unl.pt)
Greenwood, Brian M. / High-throughput sequence typing of T-cell epitope polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein . (unl.pt)
It presents the unprecedented, 3D atomic-resolution structure of a protein made by P. falciparum that's been a major source of its resistance: the chloroquine-resistance transporter protein, or PfCRT. (nih.gov)
PfCRT is a transport protein embedded in the surface membrane of what passes for the gut of P. falciparum . (nih.gov)
A VLP for validation of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein junctional epitope for vaccine development. (jenner.ac.uk)
MAD2-6 binds to a unique epitope overlapping with region I, a functionally important region of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP). (nih.gov)
This adhesion phenomenon has been linked to the DBL1alpha domain of P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) in three laboratory clones: FCR3S1.2, IT4R29 and Palo Alto varO. (pasteur.fr)
Targeting protein translation, RNA splicing, and degradation by morpholino-based conjugates in Plasmodium falciparum. (cornell.edu)

The kinetics of the disposition of P. falciparum parasitaemia in children with drug-sensitive infections are linear. (medscape.com)
Plasmodium falciparum infections, a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries, are usually treated with chloroquine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine, halofantrine or artemether, an artemisinin derivative. (medscape.com)
Conventional evaluation of the responses of P. falciparum infections to antimalarial agents has used the World Health Organization (WHO) extended field test and the various time intervals required to clear specified proportions of patent peripheral parasitaemia. (medscape.com)
Because of its rapid schizontocidal action, quinine has been the drug of choice in treating severe Plasmodium falciparum infections. (cdc.gov)
Quinidine gluconate is an attractive alternative to quinine dihydrochloride in the treatment of P. falciparum infections when intravenous therapy is indicated because of its ready availability in most U.S. acute-care facilities. (cdc.gov)
CDC has recently reviewed data on the reported incidence in the United States of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and has evaluated information on the effective management of severe life-threatening infections. (cdc.gov)
As a result of this review, CDC has concluded that the drug of choice in the United States for treatment of complicated P. falciparum infections is parenteral quinidine gluconate. (cdc.gov)
When a patient presents with P. falciparum and shock and is unresponsive to malaria treatment, secondary infections should be suspected to initiate appropriate treatment. (hindawi.com)
Multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections in symptomatic patients. (ajtmh.org)
Further studies in different epidemiological settings are required to understand the role of multiclonal Plasmodium falciparum infections in influencing malaria transmission. (ajtmh.org)
Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte kinetics and infectivity may differ between chronic and incident infections. (datadryad.org)
Co-infections (generally P falciparum and other species) should be actively ruled out in patients from areas where co-infections are known to occur. (medscape.com)
In sub-Saharan Africa, children below 5 years bear the greatest burden of severe malaria because they lack naturally acquired immunity that develops following repeated exposure to infections by Plasmodium falciparum. (ox.ac.uk)
Genotypic structure of P. falciparum was compared over the past three years from the same area and the demographic history was inferred to determine the source of recent infections. (elsevier.com)
In addition, we examined if border migration is a factor of P. falciparum infections in China by determining gene flow patterns across borders. (elsevier.com)
In 2019, the majority of the 229 million cases resulted from P. falciparum infections. (nih.gov)
Of the 41 people who received the PfSPZ Vaccine, 27 (66%) developed P. falciparum malaria infections, compared to 37 of 40 (93%) who received the placebo. (nih.gov)
The distribution of diverse and multiple P. falciparum infections is a major setback to the control and eventual elimination of malaria globally. (uncst.go.ug)
To assist the Peruvian Ministry of Health in modifying the malaria treatment policy for their north Pacific coastal region, we conducted an in vivo efficacy trial of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and SP plus artesunate (SP-AS) for the treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falcipamm infections. (edu.pe)

Subsequent immunization of mice confirmed the RH5.1/AS01 B vaccine was immunogenic and could induce functional growth inhibitory antibodies against blood-stage P. falciparum in vitro. (nature.com)
High prevalence of natural antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum 83-kilodalton apical membrane antigen (PF83/AMA-1) as detected by capture-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using full-length baculovirus recombinant PF83/AMA-1. (semanticscholar.org)
Antibodies acquired naturally through repeated exposure to Plasmodium falciparum are essential in the control of blood-stage malaria. (elifesciences.org)
Human antibodies to P. falciparum antigens PfEMP1 and RIFIN were sufficient to promote NK-dependent growth inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
Anti-CyRPA monoclonal antibodies inhibit P. falciparum growth and interaction of PfRh5. (elifesciences.org)
B ) Immunoblot of inhibitory (8A7) and non-inhibitory (7A6) monoclonal antibodies against proteins from CyRPA-HA tagged transgenic P. falciparum schizonts in reduced (R) and non-reduced (NR) condition. (elifesciences.org)
Meta-analyses of most-studied antigens were conducted to obtain summary estimates of the association between antibodies and incidence of P. falciparum malaria. (monash.edu)
An indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) using monoclonal antibodies to the 25-kDa Plasmodium falciparum ookinete surface antigen was developed to detect and quantify preoocyst stages of P. falciparum in mosquito blood meals. (elsevier.com)
Antibodies to the surface of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) play an important role in this immunity. (ox.ac.uk)

The production of gametocytes directly from hepatic merozoites, which has been described in other species, does not occur in P. falciparum [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Several antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available for diagnosing malaria, but they cover only four of the five species that cause human malaria (all except Plasmodium knowlesi). (medscape.com)
If the patient meets the criteria for severe malaria and treatment must be initiated before the species is known, treat for P falciparum. (medscape.com)
BACKGROUND: Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detect Plasmodium falciparum and an antigen common to the four species. (itg.be)
P. falciparum is the most important Plasmodium species that causes high malaria morbidity and mortality. (uncst.go.ug)

In some parts of Africa, for example in Nigeria, chloroquine plus chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), a histamine H 1 receptor antagonist that modulates chloroquine resistance in P. falciparum in vitro and in vivo , is also used, and in Uganda, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) is often used. (medscape.com)
Novel phenotypic assays for the detection of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia: in-vitro and ex-vivo drug-response studies. (nih.gov)
To provide future opportunities for development, we aimed to identify the phenotypic difference(s) between a novel irradiated P. falciparum long-lived merozoite line and its parental line that displays up to a 20 fold increase in erythrocyte invasion rates, in vitro. (nih.gov)
Access to liver forms of Plasmodium falciparum has been improved by the development of in vivo and in vitro propagation methods, but the yield of mature schizonts remains limited and does not allow a detailed antigenic analysis. (dtic.mil)
Nagel, R. L. / Plasmodium falciparum : Inhibition of in vitro growth by desferrioxamine . (elsevier.com)
Febrile temperatures can synchronize the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
Tambjamines have shown promising in vitro activity against P. falciparum , however, their molecular target is still unknown. (dominican.edu)
Over the course of one year, the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain of P. falciparum was cultured in vitro and exposed to continuous pressure of fully synthetic tambjamine analog KAR457, using concentrations up to 50 nM. (dominican.edu)
Compounds 1?10 were tested in vitro for antiplasmodial activity against a Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant strain and for cytotoxicity against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). (archives-ouvertes.fr)

Ion-exchange-immunoaffinity purification of a recombinant baculovirus Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen, PF83/AMA-1. (semanticscholar.org)
Differential localization of full-length and processed forms of PF83/AMA-1 an apical membrane antigen of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. (semanticscholar.org)
Induction of anti-malarial transmission blocking immunity with a recombinant ookinete surface antigen of Plasmodium berghei produced in silkworm larvae using the baculovirus expression vector system. (semanticscholar.org)
We describe here the isolation of a DNA sequence coding for a P. falciparum liver-stage-specific antigen composed of repeats of 17 amino-acids, which is immunogenic in man. (dtic.mil)
The RDTs included two-band (detecting Pv-pLDH), three-band (detecting P. falciparum-antigen and Pv-pLDH) and four-band RDTs (detecting P. falciparum, Pv-pLDH and pan-pLDH). (itg.be)

Invasion and growth of Plasmodium falciparum is inhibited in fractionated thalassaemic erythrocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
Sodium cyanate at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM inhibited the growth of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3 Strain) utilizing the Trager-Jensen continuous culture system. (elsevier.com)

Molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (sciensano.be)

In Africa each year around 24 million wom- women have acquired substantial protec- en become pregnant in malaria-endemic ar- tive immunity to malaria through repeated eas. (who.int)
Chloroquine is used extensively in malaria endemic areas in Africa to treat uncomplicated form of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (kenyon.edu)
Over 75 % of the malaria cases reported in sub-Saharan Africa are caused by Plasmodium falciparum (9). (kenyon.edu)
P. falciparum dispersed from Africa as a result of human migration which required them to adapt to several different indigenous mosquitoes. (nih.gov)
Military personnel returning from peacekeeping missions in sub-Saharan Africa could import chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, posing a threat to elimination and to the continued efficacy of first-line chloroquine (CQ) treatment in these countries. (cdc.gov)
Nearly 100% of the cases in Sub-Saharan Africa were caused by P. falciparum. (microbiologynote.com)
We report here the first case of an artemisinin resistant strain of P. falciparum from Africa. (edu.sa)
The continuous surveillance of polymorphisms in the kelch propeller domain of Plasmodium falciparum from Africa is important for the discovery of the actual markers of artemisinin resistance in the region. (edu.gh)
The review aims to establish P. falciparum genetic diversity MOI, genotyping approaches, and methods of reporting it in Africa. (uncst.go.ug)
Therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (amedeo.com)
The persistent threat from P. falciparum associated with duty in Africa underscores the importance of preventive measures effective against this most dangerous strain of malaria. (health.mil)
Thirty-two cases of Plasmodium falciparum were detected in 534 irregular migrants returning to Sri Lanka via failed human smuggling routes from West Africa in 2012, contributing to the largest burden of imported cases in Sri Lanka as it entered elimination phase. (iom.int)
The studies tested this ACT in more than 2,700 patients in Africa (Burkina Faso, Zambia, Kenya, Mozambique and Uganda) and in Asia (Thailand, India and Laos), in around 1,036 African children aged 6 months to 10 years, all affected by uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. (mmv.org)

abstract = "This work reports a high throughput and label-free cell deformability microfluidic sensor for quantitative parasitemia measurement and stage determination for Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (Pf-iRBCs). (elsevier.com)

GIB (Genome Information Broker for Microbial Genomes) provides a comprehensive view of the complete microbial genome sequences.Because the genome sequence data of Guillardia theta , Leishmania major Friedlin and Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 were released, we incorporated it to GIB, and now you can search those data. (nig.ac.jp)
Using bioinformatics methods we have analysed genomes of 15 P. falciparum isolates for sequences homological to these microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the analysis of the P. falciparum genome is required in order to identify potential interactions of its mRNAs with regulatory microRNAs, as well as to compare the genomes of its various strains to determine the level of their pathogenicity due to the differences in these interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite coding for four centrins, the Plasmodium genomes lack many conserved components of the basal body except SAS6, SAS4/CPAP and CEP135. (pberghei.eu)

Progressive increase in point mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India. (cdc.gov)
Since the arrival of genetic typing methods in the late 1960's, researchers have puzzled at the clinical consequence of observed strain mixtures within clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. (arxiv.org)
Despite the fact that the numbers of homological intervals vary significantly between isolates, the hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-223-3p microRNAs are expected to make the most notable contribution to the pathogenesis of P. falciparum malaria. (biomedcentral.com)

At day 3, the P. falciparum prevalence by qPCR was 2.5 times higher than that by microscopy. (edu.au)
Prevalence of Plasmodium spp. (biomedcentral.com)
This prospective study, conducted in 2015, aimed to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. (biomedcentral.com)

Progression to severe illness from initial symptoms of fever, headache, chills, and myalgia occurs rapidly through the phenomenon of sequestration, in which P. falciparum -infected erythrocytes attach to blood vessels and impede normal blood flow, particularly in the brain [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
This particular project, is to develop novel models to visualise and analyse how P. falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) might be targeted to bind preferentially to microvessels in the brain and the impact of this on the host and clinical outcome. (malariaworld.org)
Rosetting of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum is frequently observed in children with severe malaria. (pasteur.fr)

The protozoan Plasmodium falciparum has a complex life cycle in which asexual multiplication in the vertebrate host alternates with an obligate sexual reproduction in the anopheline mosquito. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the most clever is the mosquito-borne protozoan Plasmodium falciparum , which is the cause of the most common-and most lethal-form of malaria. (nih.gov)

It is transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes and causes falciparum malaria, the most severe form of the disease. (microbiologynote.com)

We used a high-resolution DNA tiling microarray to survey transcriptional activity across 22.6% of the P. falciparum strain 3D7 genome. (biomedcentral.com)
The recent origin of the P. falciparum populations could have resulted from either a demographic sweep (P. falciparum has only recently spread throughout the world from a small geographically confined population) or a selective sweep (one strain favored by natural selection has recently replaced all others). (escholarship.org)
Another study of the PfSPZ Vaccine, conducted at the NIH Clinical Center, showed that the vaccine protected many recipients not only from the same strain of P. falciparum used to make the vaccine, but also from a different strain. (nih.gov)

To examine the kinetics of the disposition of Plasmodium falciparum during treatment with antimalarial drugs in 565 children presenting with acute, symptomatic, uncomplicated malaria. (medscape.com)
In the present study, we investigated the kinetics of the disposition of P. falciparum during treatment with antimalarial drugs in children presenting with acute, symptomatic, uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and assessed the relationship between the derived kinetic parameters and the conventional indices of therapeutic responses. (medscape.com)
Atovaquone-proguanil is a recent antimalarial drug licensed in France for the uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in adults. (unboundmedicine.com)
Atovaquone-proguanil is an efficient and well-tolerated antimalarial treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in children. (unboundmedicine.com)
For decades, doctors have used antimalarial drugs against P. falciparum . (nih.gov)
For this reason, we propose to characterize the P. falciparum genomic and phenotypic variations that occurred after the large-scale implementation of ACTs to identify novel genetic mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance. (malariagen.net)
The emergence of resistance of P. falciparum to the available antimalarial drugs is an important factor for malaria control [ 1 ]. (parasitol.kr)

Despite recent research advances [ 1 - 6 ], the mechanisms P. falciparum utilizes to regulate mutually exclusive expression of multi-gene virulence families and stage-specific expression of approximately 80% of its genome during pathogenic blood stage development remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and DNA microarray, we mapped the global distribution of PfGCN5, histone H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and trimethylation (H3K9m3) in the P. falciparum genome. (elsevier.com)
While new drugs are being developed to thwart P. falciparum , some researchers are busy developing tools to predict what mutations are likely to occur next in the parasite's genome. (nih.gov)
The genome sequence and gene models of Plasmodium falciparum were not determined by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), but were downloaded from NCBI on May 28, 2018. (doe.gov)
To our knowledge, this will be the first attempt of retrospective genome scanning to identify genome-wide signatures of directional selection in a natural P. falciparum population following ACT implementation. (malariagen.net)
Genome-wide profiling of chromosome interactions in Plasmodium falciparum characterizes nuclear architecture and reconfigurations associated with antigenic variation. (ox.ac.uk)
In the present work we address the problem of possibility of the existence in the P. falciparum genome of the nucleotide sequences such that mRNAs transcribed from genes containing these sequences could form duplexes with human microRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

Because it is an unlabeled use of the drug, the Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Center for Infectious Diseases, CDC, has filed an Investigational New Drug notice (IND) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of severe P. falciparum malaria with intravenous quinidine gluconate. (cdc.gov)
Phillips RE, Warrell DA, White NJ, Looareesuwan S, Karbwang J. Intravenous quinidine for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria: clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. (cdc.gov)
Development of a malaria vaccine, as well as, new drugs is crucial for the future control of Plasmodium falciparum, the most severe form of human malaria causing nearly a million deaths each year. (nih.gov)
Complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria include impaired consciousness, seizures, severe anemia, renal failure, pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), refractory hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). (medscape.com)
Oxidative stress and erythrocyte damage in Kenyan children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
This study measured the concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and erythrocyte membranes, and the percentage polyunsaturated fatty acid composition (%PUFA) (an indirect marker of ROS damage) in erythrocyte membranes in children with severe P. falciparum malaria from Kilifi, Kenya, and asymptomatic children from the same district. (ox.ac.uk)
Association of CD40L gene polymorphism with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Indian population. (aiph.ac.in)
Comparative study of clinical presentation and hematological indices in hospitalized sickle cell patients with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (aiph.ac.in)

We will administer 3,200 aseptic, purified, cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) by direct venous inoculation. (ox.ac.uk)
Scientists at NIAID have isolated MAD2-6, an IgA antibody active against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites, the infectious agent of malaria. (nih.gov)

In 1973, SP replaced CQ as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria due to widespread resistance [ 1 , 6 ], but after 10 years, SP was ineffective [ 1 , 7 ]. (parasitol.kr)

Magloire R , Nguyen-Dinh P . Chloroquine susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum in Haiti. (cdc.gov)
Reduced susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum toward artemisinin derivatives has been reported from the Thai-Cambodian and Thai-Myanmar borders. (edu.au)

We looked for human sera with restricted specificity to the pre-erythrocytic stages of development of P. falciparum by screening individuals living in a malaria endemic area and undergoing continuous drug prophylaxis. (dtic.mil)
Additionally, the choice of an effective P. falciparum genotyping approach for a specific endemic setting remains a challenge. (uncst.go.ug)

These results have contributed to a National Malaria Control Program decision to change to SP-AS combination therapy as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in northern coastal Peru in November 2001, making Peru the first country in the Americas to recommend this combination therapy. (edu.pe)

Glycolytic enzymes play important roles in Plasmodium biology. (fapesp.br)
Apart from the apparent recombination advantages conferred by sex, P. falciparum has evolved a remarkable biology and adaptive phenotypes to insure its transmission despite the dangers of sex. (biomedcentral.com)
The present review focuses on specific points of commitment to sexual development - gametocytogenesis and gametocyte biology-especially those relevant to transmission and evolution of P. falciparum transmission strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, the possibility of regulation of P. falciparum gene expression through human microRNAs is of great importance both for fundamental biology and for medicine. (biomedcentral.com)

Gilson PR, Crabb BS (2009) Morphology and kinetics of the three distinct phases of red blood cell invasion by Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. (springernature.com)

Even though the existence of this phenomenon in Plasmodium falciparum has long been rejected, several recent works pose hypotheses and provide direct and indirect evidence of the existence of mechanisms similar to RNA interference in this organism. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular surveillance of mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum in Ethiopia. (cdc.gov)
Collectively, these results suggest that PfGCN5 is recruited to the promoter regions of genes to mediate histone acetylation and activate gene expression in P. falciparum. (elsevier.com)
We performed a molecular epidemiologic survey drug-resistance genes (online Technical Appendix Table, of mutations associated with drug-resistance genes in www.cdc.gov/eid/content/17/3/498-Techapp.pdf), some of Plasmodium falciparum in northeastern Myanmar. (cdc.gov)
In Plasmodium falciparum, the repositioning of chromosomes has been implicated in the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for antigenic variation, and the formation of a single, peri-nuclear nucleolus results in the clustering of rDNA. (ox.ac.uk)
Point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( Pfdhfr ) and dihydropteroate synthase ( Pfdhps ) genes confer resistance to antifolate drug, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) while P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter ( Pfcrt ) genes caused resistance to chloroquine (CQ). (parasitol.kr)
Mutations in the P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( Pfdhfr ) and P. falciparum dihydropteroate synthase ( Pfdhps ) genes (at codons 51, 59, 108, and 164 of Pfdhfr and 437, 540, and 581 of Pfdhps ) are associated with SP treatment failures [ 10 , 11 ]. (parasitol.kr)

Plasmodium falciparum Rab1A Localizes to Rhoptries in Schizonts. (inserm.fr)

Plasmodium falciparum adalah protozoa parasit , salah satu spesies Plasmodium yang menyebabkan penyakit malaria pada manusia. (wikipedia.org)

BIOTEC-NSTDA selects Key Organics BIONET Fragment Library to identify new non-pyrimidine Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR) inhibitors. (prlog.org)

Reduced genetic diversity of P. falciparum suggested intense malaria control within the IDP settlement. (elsevier.com)

Lindo JF , Bryce JH , Ducasse MB , Howitt C , Barrett DM , Lorenzo Morales J , Plasmodium malariae in Haitian refugees, Jamaica. (cdc.gov)

Recent emergence of artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum has posed a serious hindrance to the elimination of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion. (biomedcentral.com)

Malaria epidemiologic and entomologic studies were performed during both the high transmission and low transmission seasons to characterize the Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission at a proposed malaria vaccine trial site in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (ajtmh.org)
The experimental vaccine is made of live but weakened P. falciparum . (nih.gov)
Safety and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum via direct venous inoculation in healthy malaria-exposed adults in Mali: a randomised, double-blind phase 1 trial. (nih.gov)

Malaria's Eve: evidence of a recent population bottleneck throughout the world populations of Plasmodium falciparum. (escholarship.org)
Therefore, this setting offers a unique opportunity to understand the evolution of the natural variation of Plasmodium falciparum populations and the potential for the emergence of ART resistance. (malariagen.net)

Immunodetection of Plasmodium falciparum zygotes and ookinetes in Anopheles blood meals. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Immunodetection of Plasmodium falciparum zygotes and ookinetes in Anopheles blood meals. (elsevier.com)

En esta secuencia se incluyen las etapas de desarrollo de apicomplejos, como ocurre con el parásito de la malaria, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. (bvsalud.org)

The lead compounds were discovered by screening the "Malaria Box" collection against P. falciparum enolase (Pfeno) enzyme in a standardized target-based assay. (fapesp.br)

The GMS has been the breeding ground of N86Y, Y184F, and N1042D mutations making up 5 multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum , and resistance haplotypes (Figure 2). (cdc.gov)
This study revealed that CGP 56697 is effective against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Thailand, but higher doses will probably be needed to improve the cure rate. (ajtmh.org)

Based on a study of patients with P. falciparum treated in the United States (1), continuous infusion of quinidine gluconate is recommended. (cdc.gov)
Of note are Plasmodium, the aetiological agent of malaria, and Toxoplasma gondii , an opportunistic pathogen that leads to fatal disease in immunocompromised patients [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients with non- P falciparum malaria who are well can usually be treated on an outpatient basis. (medscape.com)

Methods and Findings:We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examining the association between anti-merozoite immunoglobin (Ig) G responses and incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (monash.edu)

While P. falciparum does occur in Pakistan (slightly less than 50% of malaria cases), this patient reportedly did not develop symptoms until 10 months after departure from the exposure area: most cases of P. falciparum would have become symptomatic earlier. (cdc.gov)

2016) Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum Cyclic Amine Resistance Locus (PfCARL) Confer Multidrug Resistance. (guidetopharmacology.org)
But recent reports show that P. falciparum has acquired resistance to piperaquine, driven by mutations in PfCRT that are spreading rapidly across Southeast Asia [3]. (nih.gov)
Similar to withdrawal of SP for P. falciparum treatment, Pfdhfr and Pfdhps gene mutations also decreased in some countries [ 18 - 21 ]. (parasitol.kr)

Characterization of Hsp90 domains of Plasmodium falciparum and mapping of the interaction. (usp.br)

Anatomy10

Organisms28

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care11

Geographicals44

Optical mapping of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. (1/7602)

8-Aminoquinolines active against blood stage Plasmodium falciparum in vitro inhibit hematin polymerization. (2/7602)

Alternative oxidase inhibitors potentiate the activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium falciparum. (3/7602)

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro tests of resistance in patients treated with chloroquine in Yaounde, Cameroon. (4/7602)

Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum expresses a high affinity facilitative hexose transporter. (5/7602)

Complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections is consistent over time and protects against clinical disease in Tanzanian children. (6/7602)

HLA class II factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigen allele families. (7/7602)

Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMAL) with microscopy for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples. (8/7602)

Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria, Falciparum

Protozoan Proteins

Plasmodium

Plasmodium vivax

Antimalarials

Antigens, Protozoan

Chloroquine

Plasmodium berghei

Malaria

Erythrocytes

Drug Resistance

Antibodies, Protozoan

DNA, Protozoan

Parasitic Sensitivity Tests

Artemisinins

Malaria Vaccines

Genes, Protozoan

Pyrimethamine

Parasitemia

Plasmodium yoelii

Plasmodium malariae

Sulfadoxine

Malaria, Vivax

Quinine

Schizonts

Drug Combinations

Gabon

Merozoite Surface Protein 1

Anopheles

Genome, Protozoan

Amodiaquine

Mefloquine

Papua New Guinea

Merozoites

Plasmodium knowlesi

Dihydropteroate Synthase

Senegal

Sesquiterpenes

Plasmodium ovale

Proguanil

Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Plasmodium chabaudi

Sporozoites

Malaria, Cerebral

Life Cycle Stages

Host-Parasite Interactions

Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase

Trophozoites

Fluorenes

Parasitology

Endemic Diseases

Atovaquone

Inhibitory Concentration 50

Molecular Sequence Data

Kenya

Thailand

Myanmar

Cameroon

Ethanolamines

Aotus trivirgatus

Parasites

Primaquine

RNA, Protozoan

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Amino Acid Sequence

Travel

Microscopy

Aotidae

Parasite Load

Mali

Ghana

Insect Vectors

Indonesia

Culicidae

Anopheles gambiae

Membrane Transport Proteins

Africa

Cambodia

Tanzania