Plants, Genetically Modified
Plant Leaves
Plant Proteins
Plant Roots
Plant Extracts
Plants, Medicinal
Plant Development
Plant Stems
Arabidopsis
Plants, Edible
Plant Growth Regulators
Arabidopsis Proteins
Plant Immunity
Tobacco
Plant Epidermis
Plant Stomata
Angiosperms
Seeds
Plant Poisoning
Plant Transpiration
Lycopersicon esculentum
Plant Tumors
Chromosomes, Plant
Amino Acid Sequence
Zea mays
Biomass
Fabaceae
Plant Nectar
Oxylipins
Base Sequence
Symbiosis
Photosynthesis
Indoleacetic Acids
Solanum tuberosum
Soil
Medicine, Traditional
Ecosystem
Salicylic Acid
Root Nodules, Plant
Plant Lectins
Mutation
Mycorrhizae
Poaceae
Chloroplasts
Plant Infertility
Brassica
Germination
Asteraceae
Species Specificity
Sequence Alignment
Droughts
Botany
Fungi
Peas
Phenotype
Triticum
Abscisic Acid
Nitrogen
Pseudomonas syringae
Bryopsida
Disease Resistance
Protoplasts
Evolution, Molecular
Chlorophyll
Meristem
Soybeans
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Plastids
Aphids
Rhizobium
Trees
Transformation, Genetic
Volatile Organic Compounds
Cucumis sativus
Cytokinins
Hydroponics
Mustard Plant
Stress, Physiological
Hemiptera
Water
Endophytes
Biodiversity
Solanaceae
Adaptation, Physiological
Models, Biological
Multigene Family
Bryophyta
Ferns
Plant Dispersal
Ascomycota
DNA, Complementary
Xylem
Gibberellins
Gymnosperms
Cell Wall
Plantago
Medicine, African Traditional
Asparagus Plant
Cotyledon
Lamiaceae
Ethnopharmacology
Soil Microbiology
Genetic Complementation Test
Cucurbita
Helianthus
Hypocotyl
Signal Transduction
Agrobacterium
Phaseolus
Caulimovirus
Medicago truncatula
Host-Parasite Interactions
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Carbon
Botrytis
Embryophyta
Lettuce
Oomycetes
DNA Primers
Sitosterols
Daucus carota
Gene Expression Profiling
Euphorbiaceae
Agriculture
Introduced Species
Cucurbitaceae
Photoreceptors, Plant
Fusarium
Anthocyanins
Sorghum
Herbicides
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Conserved Sequence
Araceae
Nitrogen Fixation
Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase
Glucosinolates
Lignin
Beetles
Gametogenesis, Plant
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Resins, Plant
Basidiomycota
Salinity
Gene Silencing
Pectins
Bacteria
RNA, Messenger
Vicia faba
Mesophyll Cells
Environment
Selaginellaceae
Transcription Factors
Liliaceae
Fertilizers
Salt-Tolerance
Expressed Sequence Tags
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Genetic Engineering
Citrus
Inflorescence
Activation of systemic acquired silencing by localised introduction of DNA. (1/7901)
BACKGROUND: In plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing results in RNA degradation after transcription. Among tobacco transformants carrying a nitrate reductase (Nia) construct under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-Nia2), one class of transformants spontaneously triggers Nia post-transcriptional gene silencing (class II) whereas another class does not (class I). Non-silenced plants of both classes become silenced when grafted onto silenced stocks, indicating the existence of a systemic silencing signal. Graft-transmitted silencing is maintained in class II but not in class I plants when removed from silenced stocks, indicating similar requirements for spontaneous triggering and maintenance. RESULTS: Introduction of 35S-Nia2 DNA by the gene transfer method called biolistics led to localised acquired silencing (LAS) in bombarded leaves of wild-type, class I and class II plants, and to systemic acquired silencing (SAS) in class II plants. SAS occurred even if the targeted leaf was removed 2 days after bombardment, indicating that the systemic signal is produced, transmitted and amplified rapidly. SAS was activated by sense, antisense and promoterless Nia2 DNA constructs, indicating that transcription is not required although it does stimulate SAS. CONCLUSIONS: SAS was activated by biolistic introduction of promoterless constructs, indicating that the DNA itself is a potent activator of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The systemic silencing signal invaded the whole plant by cell-to-cell and long-distance propagation, and reamplification of the signal. (+info)Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (2/7901)
Plants can become 'immune' to attack by viruses by degrading specific viral RNA, but some plant viruses have evolved the general capacity to suppress this resistance mechanism. (+info)Polynucleotide probes that target a hypervariable region of 16S rRNA genes to identify bacterial isolates corresponding to bands of community fingerprints. (3/7901)
Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) is well suited for fingerprinting bacterial communities by separating PCR-amplified fragments of 16S rRNA genes (16S ribosomal DNA [rDNA]). A strategy was developed and was generally applicable for linking 16S rDNA from community fingerprints to pure culture isolates from the same habitat. For this, digoxigenin-labeled polynucleotide probes were generated by PCR, using bands excised from TGGE community fingerprints as a template, and applied in hybridizations with dot blotted 16S rDNA amplified from bacterial isolates. Within 16S rDNA, the hypervariable V6 region, corresponding to positions 984 to 1047 (Escherichia coli 16S rDNA sequence), which is a subset of the region used for TGGE (positions 968 to 1401), best met the criteria of high phylogenetic variability, required for sufficient probe specificity, and closely flanking conserved priming sites for amplification. Removal of flanking conserved bases was necessary to enable the differentiation of closely related species. This was achieved by 5' exonuclease digestion, terminated by phosphorothioate bonds which were synthesized into the primers. The remaining complementary strand was removed by single-strand-specific digestion. Standard hybridization with truncated probes allowed differentiation of bacteria which differed by only two bases within the probe target site and 1.2% within the complete 16S rDNA. However, a truncated probe, derived from an excised TGGE band of a rhizosphere community, hybridized with three phylogenetically related isolates with identical V6 sequences. Only one of the isolates comigrated with the excised band in TGGE, which was shown to be due to identical sequences, demonstrating the utility of a combined TGGE and V6 probe approach. (+info)Enhanced resistance to bacterial diseases of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing sarcotoxin IA, a bactericidal peptide of insect. (4/7901)
Sarcotoxin IA is a bactericidal peptide of 39 amino acids found in the common flesh fly, Sarcophaga peregrina. Many agronomically important bacteria in Japan are killed by this peptide at sub-micro molar levels, and the growth of tobacco and rice suspension cultured cells is not inhibited with less than 25 microM. Transgenic tobacco plants which overexpress the peptide, i.e. over 250 pmol per gram of fresh leaf, under the control of a high expression constitutive promoter showed enhanced resistance to the pathogens for wild fire disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci) and bacterial soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora). (+info)Overexpression of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry2Aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and Bt-resistant insects. (5/7901)
Evolving levels of resistance in insects to the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can be dramatically reduced through the genetic engineering of chloroplasts in plants. When transgenic tobacco leaves expressing Cry2Aa2 protoxin in chloroplasts were fed to susceptible, Cry1A-resistant (20,000- to 40,000-fold) and Cry2Aa2-resistant (330- to 393-fold) tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, cotton bollworm Helicoverpa zea, and the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, 100% mortality was observed against all insect species and strains. Cry2Aa2 was chosen for this study because of its toxicity to many economically important insect pests, relatively low levels of cross-resistance against Cry1A-resistant insects, and its expression as a protoxin instead of a toxin because of its relatively small size (65 kDa). Southern blot analysis confirmed stable integration of cry2Aa2 into all of the chloroplast genomes (5, 000-10,000 copies per cell) of transgenic plants. Transformed tobacco leaves expressed Cry2Aa2 protoxin at levels between 2% and 3% of total soluble protein, 20- to 30-fold higher levels than current commercial nuclear transgenic plants. These results suggest that plants expressing high levels of a nonhomologous Bt protein should be able to overcome or at the very least, significantly delay, broad spectrum Bt-resistance development in the field. (+info)Cytokinin activation of Arabidopsis cell division through a D-type cyclin. (6/7901)
Cytokinins are plant hormones that regulate plant cell division. The D-type cyclin CycD3 was found to be elevated in a mutant of Arabidopsis with a high level of cytokinin and to be rapidly induced by cytokinin application in both cell cultures and whole plants. Constitutive expression of CycD3 in transgenic plants allowed induction and maintenance of cell division in the absence of exogenous cytokinin. Results suggest that cytokinin activates Arabidopsis cell division through induction of CycD3 at the G1-S cell cycle phase transition. (+info)Cloning and expression of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) phosphatidylserine synthase cDNA. Overexpression in plants alters the composition of phospholipids. (7/7901)
We describe the cloning of a wheat cDNA (TaPSS1) that encodes a phosphatidylserine synthase (PSS) and provides the first strong evidence for the existence of this enzyme in a higher eukaryotic cell. The cDNA was isolated on its ability to confer increased resistance to aluminum toxicity when expressed in yeast. The sequence of the predicted protein encoded by TaPSS1 shows homology to PSS from both yeast and bacteria but is distinct from the animal PSS enzymes that catalyze base-exchange reactions. In wheat, Southern blot analysis identified the presence of a small family of genes that cross-hybridized to TaPSS1, and Northern blots showed that aluminum induced TaPSS1 expression in root apices. Expression of TaPSS1 complemented the yeast cho1 mutant that lacks PSS activity and altered the phospholipid composition of wild type yeast, with the most marked effect being increased abundance of phosphatidylserine (PS). Arabidopsis thaliana leaves overexpressing TaPSS1 showed a marked enhancement in PSS activity, which was associated with increased biosynthesis of PS at the expense of both phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. Unlike mammalian cells where PS accumulation is tightly regulated even when the capacity for PS biosynthesis is increased, plant cells accumulated large amounts of PS when TaPSS1 was overexpressed. High levels of TaPSS1 expression in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) led to the appearance of necrotic lesions on leaves, which may have resulted from the excessive accumulation of PS. The cloning of TaPSS1 now provides evidence that the yeast pathway for PS synthesis exists in some plant tissues and provides a tool for understanding the pathways of phospholipid biosynthesis and their regulation in plants. (+info)NADH-glutamate synthase in alfalfa root nodules. Genetic regulation and cellular expression. (8/7901)
NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT; EC 1.4.1.14) is a key enzyme in primary nitrogen assimilation in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules. Here we report that in alfalfa, a single gene, probably with multiple alleles, encodes for NADH-GOGAT. In situ hybridizations were performed to assess the location of NADH-GOGAT transcript in alfalfa root nodules. In wild-type cv Saranac nodules the NADH-GOGAT gene is predominantly expressed in infected cells. Nodules devoid of bacteroids (empty) induced by Sinorhizobium meliloti 7154 had no NADH-GOGAT transcript detectable by in situ hybridization, suggesting that the presence of the bacteroid may be important for NADH-GOGAT expression. The pattern of expression of NADH-GOGAT shifted during root nodule development. Until d 9 after planting, all infected cells appeared to express NADH-GOGAT. By d 19, a gradient of expression from high in the early symbiotic zone to low in the late symbiotic zone was observed. In 33-d-old nodules expression was seen in only a few cell layers in the early symbiotic zone. This pattern of expression was also observed for the nifH transcript but not for leghemoglobin. The promoter of NADH-GOGAT was evaluated in transgenic alfalfa plants carrying chimeric beta-glucuronidase promoter fusions. The results suggest that there are at least four regulatory elements. The region responsible for expression in the infected cell zone contains an 88-bp direct repeat. (+info)The severity of plant poisoning depends on the type of plant consumed, the amount ingested, and individual sensitivity. Some common plants that are toxic to humans include:
1. Castor bean (Ricinus communis): The seeds contain ricin, a deadly toxin that can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
2. Oleander (Nerium oleander): All parts of the plant are toxic, and ingestion can cause cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death.
3. Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.): The leaves and flowers contain grayanotoxins, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing.
4. Taxus (Taxus spp.): The leaves, seeds, and stems of yew (Taxus baccata) and Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) contain a toxin called taxine, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac problems.
5. Aconitum (Aconitum spp.): Also known as monkshood or wolf's bane, all parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
6. Belladonna (Atropa belladonna): The leaves, stems, and roots contain atropine, which can cause dilated pupils, flushed skin, and difficulty urinating.
7. Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna): All parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
8. Hemlock (Conium maculatum): The leaves and seeds contain coniine and gamma-coniceine, which can cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure.
9. Lantana (Lantana camara): The berries are toxic and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
10. Oleander (Nerium oleander): All parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
11. Castor bean (Ricinus communis): The seeds are particularly toxic and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
12. Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.): The leaves, stems, and flowers contain grayanotoxins, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.
13. Yew (Taxus spp.): The leaves, seeds, and stems of yew contain a toxin called taxine, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac problems.
It is important to note that while these plants are toxic, they can also be safely used in herbal remedies when prepared and administered properly under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. It is always best to consult with a medical professional before using any herbal remedy, especially if you have a medical condition or are pregnant or breastfeeding.
1. Innate immunity: This is the body's first line of defense against infection, and it involves the recognition and elimination of pathogens by cells and proteins that are present from birth.
2. Acquired immunity: This type of immunity develops over time as a result of exposure to pathogens, and it involves the production of antibodies and other immune cells that can recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.
3. Cell-mediated immunity: This is a type of immunity that involves the activation of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, to fight off infection.
4. Genetic resistance: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to disease resistance, which can be influenced by their ancestry or genetic makeup.
5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as sunlight, clean water, and good nutrition, can also contribute to disease resistance.
Disease resistance is an important concept in the medical field, as it helps to protect against infectious diseases and can reduce the risk of illness and death. Understanding how disease resistance works can help healthcare professionals develop effective strategies for preventing and treating infections, and it can also inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of infectious diseases on individuals and communities.
Polyploidy is a condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, which are the thread-like structures that carry genetic information. It can occur in both plants and animals, although it is relatively rare in most species. In humans, polyploidy is extremely rare and usually occurs as a result of errors during cell division or abnormal fertilization.
In medicine, polyploidy is often used to describe certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer or colon cancer, that have extra sets of chromosomes. This can lead to the development of more aggressive and difficult-to-treat tumors.
However, not all cases of polyploidy are cancerous. Some individuals with Down syndrome, for example, have an extra copy of chromosome 21, which is a non-cancerous form of polyploidy. Additionally, some people may be born with extra copies of certain genes or chromosomal regions due to errors during embryonic development, which can lead to various health problems but are not cancerous.
Overall, the term "polyploidy" in medicine is used to describe any condition where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, regardless of whether it is cancerous or non-cancerous.
There are many potential causes of dehydration, including:
* Not drinking enough fluids
* Diarrhea or vomiting
* Sweating excessively
* Diabetes (when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels)
* Certain medications
* Poor nutrition
* Infections
* Poor sleep
To diagnose dehydration, a healthcare provider will typically perform a physical examination and ask questions about the patient's symptoms and medical history. They may also order blood tests or other diagnostic tests to rule out other conditions that may be causing the symptoms.
Treatment for dehydration usually involves drinking plenty of fluids, such as water or electrolyte-rich drinks like sports drinks. In severe cases, intravenous fluids may be necessary. If the underlying cause of the dehydration is a medical condition, such as diabetes or an infection, treatment will focus on managing that condition.
Preventing dehydration is important for maintaining good health. This can be done by:
* Drinking enough fluids throughout the day
* Avoiding caffeine and alcohol, which can act as diuretics and increase urine production
* Eating a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
* Avoiding excessive sweating by dressing appropriately for the weather and taking breaks in cool, shaded areas when necessary
* Managing medical conditions like diabetes and kidney disease properly.
In severe cases of dehydration, complications can include seizures, organ failure, and even death. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
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Browsing by Subject "Plants, Genetically Modified"
Genetically Engineered Trees and Glowing Synthetic Plants? No Thanks | HuffPost Impact
Scientists genetically modify tobacco plant that makes cocaine
Genetic basis and detection of unintended effects in genetically modified crop plants - PubMed
Do GM soybean plants accumulate formaldehyde?
Genetically Modified Trees Planted In U.S. Come With Controversy - Videos from The Weather Channel
Safety and nutritional assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed: the role of animal feeding trials - PubMed
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Organisms4
- This study not only reports a near-complete biosynthetic pathway of cocaine and provides new insights into the metabolic networks of tropane alkaloids (cocaine and hyoscyamine) in plants but also enables the heterologous synthesis of tropane alkaloids in other (micro)organisms, entailing significant implications for pharmaceutical production," the authors said. (zmescience.com)
- This research acknowledges the complexity of biological organisms and indicates how systems biology could potentially be used to model and predict potential unexpected perturbations from GM. (gmwatch.org)
- The general principles for the risk assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed are followed, as described in the EFSA guidance document of the EFSA Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms. (nih.gov)
- Organisms, Genetically Modified. (nih.gov)
Researchers8
- Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have not only identified two missing enzymes for the biosynthesis of the tropane skeleton in cocaine but also inserted the corresponding genes that express these enzymes into Nicotiana benthamiana , a close relative of the tobacco plant native to Australia. (zmescience.com)
- Once these genetically modified tobacco plants reached maturity, the researchers were stunned to find 400 nanograms of cocaine per milligram of dried leaf. (zmescience.com)
- Researchers Shiva Ayyadurai and Prabhakar Deonikar used a computational systems biology approach to model the effects of the genetic engineering process on key biochemical pathways affecting plant physiology. (gmwatch.org)
- The researchers analyzed data on GM soybeans engineered to express the CP4 EPSPS protein, which makes the soybeans tolerant to Roundup. (gmwatch.org)
- Researchers genetically modified an indoor houseplant to purify certain airborne chemicals commonly found in the home that have been linked to cancer. (nih.gov)
- Researchers genetically modified a common houseplant, pothos ivy, to remove chloroform and benzene from the air around it. (nih.gov)
- The researchers spent years injecting a synthetic version of the gene for 2E1 into pothos ivy plants and cultivating new plant lines from those that incorporated the gene. (nih.gov)
- Researchers at the US Stanford University School of cally modified to produce the precursor protein of Medicine have found a particular protein in the pan- insulin preserved the insulin-producing beta-cells creas that could hint at how diabetes develops during in the animals' pancreas. (who.int)
Soybeans2
- Products under consideration are food and feed derived from GM plants, such as maize, soybeans, oilseed rape and cotton, modified through the introduction of one or more genes coding for agronomic input traits like herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore GM plant derived food and feed, which have been obtained through extensive genetic modifications targeted at specific alterations of metabolic pathways leading to improved nutritional and/or health characteristics, such as rice containing beta-carotene, soybeans with enhanced oleic acid content, or tomato with increased concentration of flavonoids, are considered. (nih.gov)
Crops3
- The meeting featured presentations on the molecular basis of plant genome variability in general, unintended changes at the molecular and phenotypic levels, and the development and use of hypothesis-driven evaluations of unintended effects in assessing conventional and GM crops. (nih.gov)
- Such significant changes in formaldehyde and glutathione concentrations, if borne out by analytical testing of GM crops, could cause toxic effects on human and animal consumers of GM soy. (gmwatch.org)
- Time and again, GM crops have been shown to have an unexpectedly different composition to their non-GM counterparts. (gmwatch.org)
Tobacco1
- SACTob statement of principles guiding the evaluation of new or modified tobacco products. (who.int)
Scientists3
- But despite the wide appeal of this drug, scientists are still figuring out how this complex tropane alkaloid is produced in the coca plant. (zmescience.com)
- In January 2014, an international meeting sponsored by the International Life Sciences Institute/Health and Environmental Sciences Institute and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency titled "Genetic Basis of Unintended Effects in Modified Plants" was held in Ottawa, Canada, bringing together over 75 scientists from academia, government, and the agro-biotech industry. (nih.gov)
- In order for these tests to be carried out, the GMO seeds and seeds of the closest non-GM relative would have to be made available to the scientists by the developer company prior to regulatory assessment. (gmwatch.org)
Trees5
- Genetically Engineered Trees and Glowing Synthetic Plants? (huffpost.com)
- Public opinion is unequivocally opposed to genetically engineered trees. (huffpost.com)
- The International "Campaign to STOP Genetically Engineered Trees", which has called for an international ban on commercial release of GE trees cheered their effectiveness as a "barrier. (huffpost.com)
- A biotech company out of San Francisco was responsible for 5,000 genetically modified trees that were just planted in Georgia in the hopes to fight climate change. (weather.com)
- To enhance their ability to remove VOCs, plants, including trees, have been genetically modified to produce cytochrome P450 2E1 (2E1), a key enzyme in mammals that helps clear toxins from the body. (nih.gov)
Genome2
Genes4
- They then genetically modified N. benthamiana by adding two newly identified genes, as well as four already-known ones. (zmescience.com)
- 4. A modified MultiSite gateway cloning strategy for consolidation of genes in plants. (nih.gov)
- 5. pSiM24 is a novel versatile gene expression vector for transient assays as well as stable expression of foreign genes in plants. (nih.gov)
- 16. Development of series of gateway binary vectors, pGWBs, for realizing efficient construction of fusion genes for plant transformation. (nih.gov)
Assessment3
- In this report the various elements of the safety and nutritional assessment procedure for genetically modified (GM) plant derived food and feed are discussed, in particular the potential and limitations of animal feeding trials for the safety and nutritional testing of whole GM food and feed. (nih.gov)
- In Section 1 the mandate, scope and general principles for risk assessment of GM plant derived food and feed are discussed. (nih.gov)
- The safety assessment of GM plants and derived food and feed follows a comparative approach, i.e. the food and feed are compared with their non-GM counterparts in order to identify intended and unintended (unexpected) differences which subsequently are assessed with respect to their potential impact on the environment, safety for humans and animals, and nutritional quality. (nih.gov)
Transgenic1
- 15. Green fluorescent protein as a vital elimination marker to easily screen marker-free transgenic progeny derived from plants co-transformed with a double T-DNA binary vector system. (nih.gov)
Formaldehyde5
- Do GM soybean plants accumulate formaldehyde? (gmwatch.org)
- The results of the computational analysis suggest that these enzymes induce oxidative stress, leading to the accumulation of formaldehyde in the GM soybean plants, but not in the non-GM plants. (gmwatch.org)
- All plants, as well as all bacteria and animals, make formaldehyde. (gmwatch.org)
- But in non-GMO plants, according to the analysis, the formaldehyde remains at near-zero levels, as it is naturally cleared through a process of formaldehyde detoxification. (gmwatch.org)
- At the same time, in non-GMO plants, glutathione, an anti-oxidizing agent, supports the detoxification of formaldehyde and is naturally replenished. (gmwatch.org)
Protein1
- 20. Fluorescent protein fusions for protein localization in plants. (nih.gov)
Gene3
- To test whether this gene could be used in indoor houseplants to more effectively purify indoor air for VOCs, a team led by Dr. Stuart E. Strand at the University of Washington genetically modified the common houseplant pothos ivy ( Epipremnum aureum ) to produce 2E1. (nih.gov)
- They molecularly confirmed which plant lines contained the added gene. (nih.gov)
- 9. Creation and validation of a widely applicable multiple gene transfer vector system for stable transformation in plant. (nih.gov)
Animals2
Genetic3
- for example, a common observation was that no system for genetic modification, including conventional methods of plant breeding, is without unintended effects. (nih.gov)
- In this case, the difference is not the glyphosate residues in the GM soy but the disruptions to biochemical pathways caused by the genetic engineering process. (gmwatch.org)
- Plants into which genetic material from another species has been transferred. (nih.gov)
Food1
- Plants use carbon dioxide to make their food, and they use phenol to help make components of their cell walls," he explains. (nih.gov)
Found3
- Sheng-Xiong Huang of the Kunming Institute of Botany in China and colleagues found that two key enzymes, En CYP81AN15 and En MT4, are fundamental to the key chemical pathway that Erythroxylum novogranatense (the coca plant) uses to make cocaine. (zmescience.com)
- That's approximately 25% of the amount found in the natural coca plant. (zmescience.com)
- They found that the genetically modified plants cleared out 4.7 times more benzene than the wild-type plants. (nih.gov)
Risk1
- The objectives of the meeting were to explore current knowledge and identify areas requiring further study on unintended effects in plants and to discuss how this information can inform and improve genetically modified (GM) crop risk assessments. (nih.gov)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Plants, Genetically modified. (who.int)
Commonly1
- Cocaine is one of the most commonly used (and abused) plant-derived drugs in the world. (zmescience.com)
Version1
- 2. Delivery of multiple transgenes to plant cells by an improved version of MultiRound Gateway technology. (nih.gov)
Identify1
- These should include transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics analyses to identify changes caused by the GM process. (gmwatch.org)
Made1
- The modified plants produced 25% of the amount of cocaine made by coca plants, weight per weight. (zmescience.com)
Products1
- Subsidies are flowing into the construction of hundreds of bioenergy "renewable energy" projects, including plans to convert massive coal plants to burn biomass, efforts to convert wood into ethanol and other transport fuels, as well as a suite of other biomass based chemicals and products. (huffpost.com)
Studies1
- 8. The Cre-loxP recombination-based reporter system for plant transcriptional expression studies. (nih.gov)
Chemical1
- Strand says that 2E1 can be beneficial for the plant, too, as it turns chloroform into carbon dioxide and chloride ions, and benzene into a chemical called phenol. (nih.gov)
Medicine1
- But even before cocaine reached peak glamour in American culture in the 1980s, the natives that occupied modern-day Bolivia, Peru, and Columbia had been using the coca plant as a medicine for well over 8,000 years, chewing the leaves to improve mood, suppress appetite, or as an anesthetic. (zmescience.com)