Plant transpiration. Medical search

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

A plant genus of the family ACERACEAE, best known for trees with palmately lobed leaves.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The name "prickly burweed" is sometimes used but causes confusion with AMSINCKIA.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The total genetic information possessed by the reproductive members of a POPULATION of sexually reproducing organisms.

Irradiation directly from the sun.

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

Gas exchange by pods and subtending leaves and internal recycling of CO(2) by pods of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subjected to water deficits. (1/373)

Terminal drought markedly reduces leaf photosynthesis of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during seed filling. A study was initiated to determine whether photosynthesis and internal recycling of CO(2) by the pods can compensate for the low rate of photosynthesis in leaves under water deficits. The influence of water deficits on the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration of pods and subtending leaves in chickpea (cv. Sona) was investigated in two naturally-lit, temperature-controlled glasshouses. At values of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 900 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and higher, the rate of net photosynthesis of subtending leaves of 10-d-old pods was 24 and 6 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in the well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) plants when the covered-leaf water potential (Psi) was -0.6 and -1.4 MPa, respectively. Leaf photosynthesis further decreased to 4.5 and 0.5 micromol m(-2) s(-1) as Psi decreased to -2.3 and -3.3 MPa, respectively. At 900--1500 micromol m(-2) s(-1) PAR, the net photosynthetic rate of 10-d-old pods was 0.9-1.0 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in the WW plants and was -0.1 to -0.8 micromol m(-2) s(-1) in the WS plants. The photosynthetic rates of both pods and subtending leaves decreased with age, but the rate of transpiration of the pods increased with age. The rates of respiration and net photosynthesis inside the pods were estimated by measuring the changes in the internal concentration of CO(2) of covered and uncovered pods during the day. Both the WW and WS pods had similar values of internal net photosynthesis, but the WS pods showed significantly higher rates of respiration suggesting that the WS pods had higher gross photosynthetic rates than the WW pods, particularly in the late afternoon. When (13)CO(2) was injected into the gas space inside the pod, nearly 80% of the labelled carbon 24 h after injection was observed in the pod wall in both the WW and WS plants. After 144 h the proportion of (13)C in the seed had increased from 19% to 32% in both treatments. The results suggest that internal recycling of CO(2) inside the pod may assist in maintaining seed filling in water-stressed chickpea. (+info)

Leaf ureide degradation and N(2) fixation tolerance to water deficit in soybean. (2/373)

Accumulation of ureides in leaves is associated with the sensitivity of N(2) fixation in soybean to soil water deficit. Consequently, ureide degradation in leaves may be a key to increasing soybean tolerance to dry soils. Previous research indicated that allantoic acid degradation is catalysed by different enzymes in cultivars Maple Arrow and Williams. The enzyme found in Williams requires manganese as a cofactor. The first objective of this study was to determine if the two degradation pathways were associated with differences in N(2) sensitivity to soil water deficits. N(2) fixation of Williams grown on low-Mn soil was sensitive to stress, but it was relatively tolerant when grown on soil amended with Mn. N(2) fixation in Maple Arrow was relatively tolerant of soil drying regardless of the Mn treatment. The second objective of this study was to expand the study of the degradation pathway to nine additional genotypes. Based on ureide degradation in the presence and absence of Mn, these genotypes also segregated for the two degradation pathways. Those genotypes with the Mn-dependent pathway tended to have drought-sensitive N(2) fixation, but there was one exception. The genotypes not requiring Mn for ureide degradation were drought-tolerant except for one genotype. These results demonstrated the possibility for increasing N(2) fixation tolerance to soil water deficits in soybean by selection of lines with high ureide degradation rates, which were commonly associated with the Mn-independent pathway. (+info)

Identification of causal relationships among traits related to drought resistance in Stylosanthes scabra using QTL analysis. (3/373)

Previous studies have shown that a negative relationship exists between transpiration efficiency (TE) and carbon isotope discrimination (Delta) and between TE and specific leaf area (SLA) in Stylosanthes scabra. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to confirm these relationships in an F(2) population and to study the causal nature of these relationships through quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. One hundred and twenty F(2) genotypes from a cross between two genotypes within S. scabra were used. Three replications for each genotype were maintained through vegetative propagation. Water stress was imposed by maintaining plants at 40% of field capacity for about 45 d. To facilitate QTL analysis, a genetic linkage map consisting of 151 RAPD markers was developed. Results from this study show that Delta was significantly and negatively correlated with TE and biomass production. Similarly, SLA showed significant negative correlation with TE and biomass production. Most of the QTL for TE and Delta were present on linkage groups 5 and 11. Similarly, QTL for SLA, transpiration and biomass productivity traits were clustered on linkage groups 13 and 24. One unlinked marker was also associated with these traits. There were several markers coincident between different traits. At all the coincident QTL, the direction of QTL effects was consistent with phenotypic data. At the coincident markers between TE and Delta, high alleles of TE were associated with low alleles of Delta. Similarly, low alleles of SLA were associated with high alleles of biomass productivity traits and transpiration. At the coincident markers between trans-4-hydroxy-N:-methyl proline (MHP) and relative water content (RWC), low alleles of MHP were associated with high alleles of RWC. This study suggests the causal nature of the relationship between TE and Delta. Phenotypic data and QTL data show that SLA was more closely associated with biomass production than with TE. This study also shows that a cause-effect relationship may exist between SLA and biomass production. (+info)

Abscisic acid induces a decline in nitrogen fixation that involves leghaemoglobin, but is independent of sucrose synthase activity. (4/373)

Sucrose synthase (SS) activity has been suggested to be a key point of regulation in nodule metabolism since this enzyme is down-regulated in response to different stresses which lead to decreased nitrogen fixation. In soybean, a dramatic decline of SS transcripts has been observed within 1 d from the onset of drought. Such a quick response suggests mediation by a signal transduction molecule. Abscisic acid (ABA) is a likely candidate to act as such a molecule as it mediates in a significant number of plant responses to environmental constraints. The hypothesis of ABA controlling nodule metabolism was approached in this work by assessing nodule responses to exogenous ABA supply in pea. Under the experimental conditions, ABA did not affect plant biomass, nodule numbers or dry weight. However, nitrogen fixation rate was reduced by 70% within 5 d and by 80% after 9 d leading to a reduced plant organic nitrogen content. Leghaemoglobin (Lb) content declined in parallel with that of nitrogen fixation. SS activity, however, was not affected by ABA treatment, and neither were the activities of the enzymes aspartate amino transferase, alkaline invertase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate synthase, uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and glutamine synthetase. Nodule bacteroid-soluble protein content was reduced in nodules only after 9 d of ABA treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that ABA directly regulates SS activity. However, they do suggest the occurrence of at least two different control pathways in nodules under environmental constraints, which include ABA being involved in a Lb/oxygen-related control of nitrogen fixation. (+info)

Acclimation of plants to light gradients in leaf canopies: evidence for a possible role for cytokinins transported in the transpiration stream. (5/373)

The mechanism of response of plants to vertical light intensity gradients in leaf canopies was investigated. Since shaded leaves transpire less than leaves in high light, it was hypothesized that cytokinins (CKs) carried by mass transport in the transpiration stream would be distributed over the leaf area of partially shaded plants parallel to the gradient in light intensity. It was also hypothesized that this causes the distribution of leaf growth, leaf N and photosynthetic capacity, and possibly chloroplast acclimation as observed in plants growing in leaf canopies. In a field experiment, the distribution of Ca, N and CKs in a bean leaf canopy of a dense and an open stand supported the concept of a role for CKs in the response of N allocation to the light gradient when a decreasing sensitivity for CKs with increasing leaf age is assumed. Both shading of one leaf of the pair of primary bean leaves and independent reduction of its transpiration rate in a growth cabinet experiment caused lower dry mass, N and Ca per unit leaf area in comparison to the opposite not treated leaf. Shading caused a parallel reduction in CK concentration, which supports the hypothesis, but independent reduction of transpiration rate failed to do the same. Application of benzylaminopurine (BA) counteracted the reduction caused by shade of leaf N, photosynthetic capacity and leaf area growth. The experiments show an important role for the transpiration stream in the response of plants to light gradients. Evidence is presented here that CKs carried in the transpiration stream may be important mediators for the acclimation of plants to leaf canopy density. (+info)

Distribution and mobility of aluminium in an Al-accumulating plant, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (6/373)

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Jianxi) accumulates high concentrations of Al in the leaves without showing any toxicity. To understand the accumulation mechanism of Al in buckwheat, the distribution and mobility of Al in buckwheat were investigated. Relatively long-term treatment (28 d) with Al led to a decrease in Al concentration from old to young leaves, while a short-term (1 d) exposure to Al resulted in a uniform distribution of Al in the leaves. When the fourth leaf was wrapped inside a transparent plastic bag to suppress transpiration, the Al concentration of this leaf was only one-quarter of that in the corresponding leaf without wrapping. Within a leaf, the Al concentration at the margins was much higher than that in the centre. These results indicate that Al distribution in the leaves is controlled by both rate and duration of transpiration. The mobility of Al between old and new leaves was studied by first growing plants in a solution with Al, followed by culture in a solution without Al. The Al content in the two new leaves appeared after removal of external Al was very low, whereas that in the old leaves did not decrease but continued to increase. The increased Al content was found to be translocated from Al remaining in the roots. It is concluded that Al is not mobile once it is accumulated in the leaf. (+info)

Boron supply into wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wilgoyne) ears whilst still enclosed within leaf sheaths. (7/373)

The present study investigates whether there is significant remobilization of (10)B previously loaded in the flag and penultimate leaves into the young, actively growing ear enclosed within the sheaths of flag and penultimate leaves. It also explores whether B transport into the enclosed ear declines when air humidity in the shoot canopy increases. After 5 d (10)B labelling during the period from early to full emergence of the flag leaf, the plants were transferred into nutrient solutions containing either 10 microM (11)B or no added B for 3 d. Regardless of the subsequent B supply levels to the roots, (10)B contents in the ear continued to increase by up to 5-fold 3 d after the end of (10)B supply in the nutrient solution. During these 3 d, the ear experienced a rapid increase in biomass. However, the majority of B in the ear during the 3 d treatment period was from the newly acquired (11)B from root uptake, rather than retranslocation of (10)B previously deposited in the leaves. By comparing the relative distribution of (10)B, Rb (xylem-to-phloem transfer marker) and Sr (xylem-marker) in the ear and the flag leaf, the distribution of (10)B resembled that of Rb more than Sr. Canopy cover treatment greatly suppressed leaf transpiration and decreased the amount of newly acquired (10)B in the flag leaf and the ear, but not in the upper stem segments. The results suggest that whilst the young ear was still fully enclosed within the leaf sheaths without any significant transpiration activity, B transport into the ear is predominantly dependent on the long-distance B transport in the xylem driven by leaf transpiration and, therefore, on concurrent B uptake from the roots. (+info)

Transpiration rate. An important factor controlling the sucrose content of the guard cell apoplast of broad bean. (8/373)

Evaporation of water from the guard cell wall concentrates apoplastic solutes. We hypothesize that this phenomenon provides two mechanisms for responding to high transpiration rates. First, apoplastic abscisic acid is concentrated in the guard cell wall. Second, by accumulating in the guard cell wall, apoplastic sucrose (Suc) provides a direct osmotic feedback to guard cells. As a means of testing this second hypothesized mechanism, the guard cell Suc contents at a higher transpiration rate (60% relative humidity [RH]) were compared with those at a lower transpiration rate (90% RH) in broad bean (Vicia faba), an apoplastic phloem loader. In control plants (constant 60% RH), the guard cell apoplast Suc content increased from 97 +/- 81 femtomol (fmol) guard cell pair(-1) to 701 +/- 142 fmol guard cell pair(-1) between daybreak and midday. This increase is equivalent to approximately 150 mM external, which is sufficient to decrease stomatal aperture size. In plants that were shifted to 90% RH before daybreak, the guard cell apoplast Suc content did not increase during the day. In accordance, in plants that were shifted to 90% RH at midday, the guard cell apoplast Suc content declined to the daybreak value. Under all conditions, the guard cell symplast Suc content increased during the photoperiod, but the guard cell symplast Suc content was higher (836 +/- 33 fmol guard cell pair(-1)) in plants that were shifted to 90% RH. These results indicate that a high transpiration rate may result in a high guard cell apoplast Suc concentration, which diminishes stomatal aperture size. (+info)

... transpiration from plants; cool or dry air moving over warmer water; and lifting air over mountains. Water vapor normally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog

... monitor evaporation and plant transpiration. assess changes in biodiversity classify vegetation Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI): ... Jones, H. G. (2004). "Irrigation scheduling: advantages and pitfalls of plant-based methods". Journal of Experimental Botany. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation_Index

Hungate, Robert E. (October 1934). "The Cohesion Theory of Transpiration". Plant Physiology. 9 (4): 783-794. doi:10.1104/pp.9.4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hungate

Evaporative cooling via transpiration can delay the effects of heat stress on the plant. However, transpiration is very ... If the plant loses too much water, it will pass its permanent wilting point, and die. In brief, the rate of transpiration is ... Plants absorb water from the soil, which then evaporates from their shoots and leaves; this process is known as transpiration. ... Transpiration is natural and inevitable for plants; a significant amount of water is lost through this process. However, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerophyte

... transpiration rates of the plant and the tension of cell walls. Measurement is limited depending on the method used, some of ... In plants, the cells are surrounded by cell walls and filamentous proteins which retain and adjust the plant cell's growth and ... Steudle, Ernst (February 1977). "Effect of Turgor Pressure and Cell Size on the Wall Elasticity of Plant Cells". Plant ... which has a play in transpiration rates of the plant. This is also important because this function regulates water loss within ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgor_pressure

Water balance of plants from the "Caatinga". I. Transpiration of some of the most frequent species of the "Caatinga of Paulo ... Water balance of plants from the "Caatinga". II. Further information on transpiration and stomatal behaviour. Revta bras. Biol. ... His interest in the area was a consequence of his studies in plant physiology in the USA - where with the aid of a grant from ... in Portuguese) He pioneered field work in Plant Ecology in Brazil. His PhD thesis was one of the first scientific works of an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mário_Guimarães_Ferri

Canopy conductance Ecohydrology Transpiration Taiz/Zeiger (1991). Plant Physiology. Redwood City, CA: The Benjamin/Cummings ... Through these experiments, researchers have found that a drought resistant plant regulates its transpiration rate via stomatal ... Plant Physiology and Development (6 ed.). Sinauer Associates. pp. 270-281. Zhu, L.W.; Zhao, P.; Wang, Q.; Ni, G.Y.; Niu, J.F.; ... "J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ., Vol. 2 (1): 151-155, 2011 Changes in Stomatal Conductance and Turgor Pressure in Gossypium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomatal_conductance

Transpiration from plants provides the majority of flow of water to the atmosphere. Water is influenced by vegetative cover as ... Plants under water stress decrease both their transpiration and photosynthesis through a number of responses, including closing ... Areas of research in ecohydrology include transpiration and plant water use, adaption of organisms to their water environment, ... Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (2015). "Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecohydrology

Beerling, David J.; Franks, Peter J. (2010). "Plant science: The hidden cost of transpiration". Nature. 464 (7288): 495-496. ... Beerling, D. J. (2015). "Newton and the ascent of water in plants". Nature Plants. 1 (2): 15005. doi:10.1038/nplants.2015.5. ... Falkowski, Paul (2007). "Secret life of plants: Book reviewed, The Emerald Planet: How Plants Changed Earth's History". Nature ... How plants changed Earth's history presents a case for recognising the role of plants in shaping Earth's history. Reviewed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Beerling

"More efficient plants: A consequence of rising atmospheric CO2?". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology ... and Transpiration". CMG GardenNotes. Colorado Master Gardener Program. Archived from the original on 2 September 2014. ... Plants also emit CO2 during respiration, and so the majority of plants and algae, which use C3 photosynthesis, are only net ... Plants can grow as much as 50 percent faster in concentrations of 1,000 ppm CO2 when compared with ambient conditions, though ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide

Transpiration Vascular plants Xylem Mortlock, C. (1952). "The structure and development of the hydathodes of Ranunculus ... Hydathodes occur in the leaves of submerged aquatic plants such as Ranunculus fluitans as well as herbaceous plants of drier ... They are connected to the plant vascular system by a vascular bundle. Hydathodes are commonly seen in water lettuce, water ... doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01963.x. Cutter, E.G. (1978). Plant Anatomy. Part 1. Cells and Tissues. London, U.K.: Edward ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydathode

During photosynthesis plants lose water through a process called transpiration. A clear plastic bag sealed around a branch ... Transpiration bag[edit]. An alternative method of the solar still is called the transpiration bag.[4] The bag is a simple ... A disadvantage of the transpiration bag is the requirement for a plant in direct sunlight or heat to take the condensate. ... Transpiration method[edit]. Water can be obtained by placing clear plastic bags over the leafy branch of a non-poisonous tree ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_still

Small plants start growing in the now moist soil and trees grow back their leaves. Rivers that are mostly dry during the past 6 ... Leaves fall off the trees to reduce transpiration. With all the foliage and undergrowth dead during the drought periods and all ... Cacti, thick-stemmed plants, thorny brush, and arid-adapted grasses make up the ground layer. Most vegetation experiences a ... Native plants are used in local agriculture, much of it slash-and-burn. Pilocarpus jaborandii appears to exhibit medicinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caatinga

Transpiration by growing plants accelerates soil drying between storms. Rain gardens perform best using plants that grow in ... Certain plant species are very effective at storing mineral nutrients, which are only released once the plant dies and decays. ... Although specific plants are selected and designed for respective soils and climates, plants that can tolerate both saturated ... and they release water vapor back to the atmosphere through the process of transpiration. Deep plant roots also create ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_garden

Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (2015). "Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater ... Some organisms, like plants, are autotrophs, meaning that they can fix carbon dioxide for biosynthesis. Plants are ... Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon-Water Relations. Elsevier. 2012-12-02. ISBN 9780080918013. McCollom, Thomas M. (2013-01-01). " ... More anthropocentric geobiologic events include the origin of animals and the establishment of terrestrial plant life, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geobiology

Transpiration is the vaporisation of liquid water contained in plant tissue and the vapour removal to the air. Water is drawn ... Transpiration is accentuated when the vegetation has an extensive root system and rapid transpiration continues throughout ... Plants need to have a high leaf to root ratio and have the ability to persist through hot summer months in order to provide ... up from the roots and transported through the plant up to the leaves. The major effect of transpiration is the reduction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation_and_slope_stability

Water is planted ('Água se planta!')' By introducing plants that store water, and increase transpiration. 'Turn our enemies ... Heavy pruning: To add biomass to the soil, retain soil moisture, open up canopy, increase carbon capture and transpiration. ' ... into our friends.' Farmers should look for plants that are green all year (even in severe drought, especially weeds) and plant ... of rapid recovery of poor soils by imitating existing patterns in nature in which carefully selected species of plants - a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Gotsch

Transpiration, during which carbon dioxide enters the plant and water escapes, does not take place during the day at the same ... For the host plant (the stock), growers choose one that grows strongly in cultivation and is compatible with the plant to be ... and plants (which governs the names of cacti, as well as other plants) were often ignored. Curt Backeberg, in particular, is ... Rare plants were sold for very high prices. Suppliers of cacti and other succulents employed collectors to obtain plants from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus

Crop plants exposed to drought stress suffer from reductions in leaf water potential and transpiration rate, however water-use ... The growth response is greatest in C3 plants, C4 plants, are also enhanced but to a lesser extent, and CAM Plants are the least ... And if a plant doesn't flower it can't reproduce. "But if winters keep getting milder, plants may not get cold enough to ... Plants need water for the uptake of nutrients from the soil, and for the transport of nutrients throughout the plant, drought ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture

Transpiration The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air. Percolation Water flows vertically through the soil ... Evaporation often implicitly includes transpiration from plants, though together they are specifically referred to as ... Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (September 2015). "Global separation of plant transpiration from ... shows that not all soil moisture is equally available for groundwater recharge or for plant transpiration. Subsurface flow The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle

Elsevier Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (2015). "Global separation of plant transpiration from ... Stable isotopes in the water molecule are also useful in tracing the sources (or proportion of sources) of water that plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_hydrology

Physiological plant studies in South Africa. Part II. Transpiration of grasses and other plants under arid conditions. Dept. ... Transpiration of grasses and other plants in arid conditions (1926) The chlorophyll-content of grasses in Bechuanaland (1926) ... 41:213-7, 1945 Transpiration of South African plant associations. Sci. Bull. Dept. Agric. Forestry U. South Africa (1946) ... Effect of excessive water loss and wilting on the life of plants with special reference to Karoo and Lucerne plants (1946) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Gertrud_Anna_Henrici

Stable isotopologues of water are also used in partitioning water sources for plant transpiration and groundwater recharge. ... Evaristo, Jaivime; Jasechko, Scott; McDonnell, Jeffrey J. (2015). "Global separation of plant transpiration from groundwater ... In forensic science, research suggests that the variation in certain isotope ratios in drugs derived from plant sources ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_isotope_ratio

Transpiration from plants is another typical source of water vapor. Lastly, cool or dry air moving over warmer water will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_physics

Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent exit of water as vapor through stomata in ... Herbaceous plants generally transpire less than woody plants because they usually have less extensive foliage. Conifer forests ... its leaves in vascular plants and phyllids in non-vascular plants. A plant that contributes to evapotranspiration is called an ... perennial plants mature over multiple seasons, and stress responses can significantly depend upon many aspects of plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration

The potometer does not measure the rate of transpiration accurately because not all of the water that is taken by the plant is ... The causes of water uptake are photosynthesis and transpiration. The rate of transpiration can be estimated in two ways: 1) ... placing the plant in bright light or shadow), wind (directing a fan at the plant), and humidity. When a twig is cut from a ... The water retained by the plant is so minute that it can be neglected. Introducing an air bubble may not be easy. A twig may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potometer

... considers evaporation of various forms: from water surfaces; as transpiration from plant surfaces in natural and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrology

Coordination of CO2 fixation and transpiration in plants". RSB. "Graham Farquhar named 2018 Senior Australian of the Year". ... His work to model plant biophysics has helped to understand how cells, whole plants and whole forests work, and to create new ... "pioneering the understanding of isotope discrimination in plants and its application to breed wheat varieties that use water ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Farquhar

... this is known as transpiration. Therefore, plants cannot gain carbon dioxide without simultaneously losing water vapour.[7] ... CAM plants[edit]. C3 and C4 plants(1) stomata stay open all day and close at night. CAM plants(2) stomata open during the ... Stomata are present in the sporophyte generation of all land plant groups except liverworts. In vascular plants the number, ... Light increases stomatal development in plants; while, plants grown in the dark have a lower amount of stomata. Auxin represses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma

Plants must rely on the food and water stored in their thickened trunks during seasonal or intermittent drought when leaves ... Very little transpiration occurs. In this manner, rocky substrates provide moisture in the habitat. This saturation of crevices ... As highly esteemed plants, succulent enthusiast desire to collect more and more species and cultivars. In the case of ... Only plants with special adaptations to exposure and extreme drought can survive, let alone thrive, on these exposed geological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachypodium

In most plants, leaves also are the primary organs responsible for transpiration and guttation (beads of fluid forming at leaf ... 2011) [1984-2000]. The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe ... Esau, Katherine (2006) [1953]. Evert, Ray F (ed.). Esau's Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their ... Haupt, Arthur Wing (1953). Plant morphology. McGraw-Hill.. *. Hawthorne, William; Lawrence, Anna (2013). Plant Identification: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Plant transpiration and animal perspiration use evaporative cooling to prevent high temperatures from causing unsustainable ... A2 Over 1,200 power plants and manufacturers use OTC systems in the U.S.[23]:4-4 and the intake structures kill billions of ... Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st ed.). John Wiley and Sons. LCCN 67019834 ... Thermal pollution of rivers, estuaries and coastal waters is a consideration when siting such plants. Water returned to aquatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cooling

In hydrology, evaporation and transpiration (which involves evaporation within plant stomata) are collectively termed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation

... and forests of such plants are called laurel forest. These plants are adapted to high rainfall and humidity, and have leaves ... allowing transpiration to continue. Scientific names similar to Daphne (e.g., Daphnidium, Daphniphyllum)[13] or "laurel" (e.g., ... The flowering plant family Lauraceae, the laurels, includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises ... Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i. Spec. Publ. 83. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. Bishop Museum. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauraceae

Animal and plant life[edit]. Humidity is one of the fundamental abiotic factors that defines any habitat, and is a determinant ... During transpiration or evaporation, this latent heat is removed from surface liquid, cooling the earth's surface. This is the ... High humidity can often have a negative effect on the capacity of chemical plants and refineries that use furnaces as part of a ... of which animals and plants can thrive in a given environment.[31] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_humidity

plants that are the result of plant breeding and selection programs. *genetically modified plants (plants modified by the ... Plants of unknown origin. Occasionally plants will occur whose origin is unknown. Plants growing in cultivation that are ... plants in cultivation) are not the same as the "cultivated plants" of the Cultivated Plant Code, and the distinction between " ... In 1918, L.H. Bailey distinguished those plants originating in cultivation from the native plants by designating the former as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultigen

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). *- for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit

Although most bonsai trees are planted directly into the soil, there are styles describing trees planted on rock.[67] ... These size differences affect maturation, transpiration, nutrition, pest resistance, and many other aspects of tree biology. ... Bonsai (Japanese: 盆栽, lit. 'tray planting', pronunciation (help·info))[1] is a Japanese art form using cultivation techniques ... or creation of plants that are permanent, genetic miniatures of existing species. Plant dwarfing often uses selective breeding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonsai

... transpiration from plants,[20] cool or dry air moving over warmer water,[21] and lifting air over mountains.[22] ... All plants need at least some water to survive, therefore rain (being the most effective means of watering) is important to ... Drought can kill crops and increase erosion,[101] while overly wet weather can cause harmful fungus growth.[102] Plants need ... For example, certain cacti require small amounts of water,[103] while tropical plants may need up to hundreds of inches of rain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation

... and systematics of plants-for both living and fossil plants. Additionally, it promotes the study and conservation of plant ... The International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT) promotes an understanding of plant biodiversity, facilitates ... The latter series includes the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, Index Nominum Genericorum, and ... and the Stebbins Medal awarded for phylogenetic plant systematics and/or plant evolution. The medals honor Adolf Engler (24 Mar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy

Peloric Antirrhinum plants have been produced by knocking out this gene.[3] Many modern cultivars of Sinningia speciosa (" ... Darwin, Charles (1868). The variation of animals and plants under domestication. II. London: John Murray.. ... A few plant species have flowers lacking any symmetry, and therefore having a "handedness". Examples are Valeriana officinalis ... Neal P. R.; Dafni A.; Giurfa M. (1998). "Floral symmetry and its role in plant-pollinator systems: terminology, distribution, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floral_symmetry

Coulter, John G. 1913. Plant life and plant uses; an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic ... Buds are often useful in the identification of plants, especially for woody plants in winter when leaves have fallen.[4] Buds ... Vascular plant taxonomy. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. page 598. *^ Cronquist, Arthur, and Henry A. Gleason. 1991. ... Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud

Flowering plants[edit]. Main articles: Calyx and Corolla. In flowering plants, the perianth may be described as being either ... Beentje, H.; Williamson, J. (2010). The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms. Royal Botanic Gardens, ... An additional structure in some plants (e.g. Narcissus, Passiflora (passion flower), some Hippeastrum, Liliaceae) is the corona ... Simpson, Michael G. (2011). Plant Systematics. Academic Press. ISBN 0-08-051404-9. Retrieved 12 February 2014.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perianth

Viola (plant) → 제비꽃속 (C). 아욱목, 2. *Malvaceae → 아욱과 (D) *Adansonia (Baobab) → 바오바브나무 (D) ... Transpiration → 증산 (E). 생태학, 18[편집]. *Biodiversity → 생물 다양성 (D). *Biological interaction → 생물 사이의 상호 작용 (E) *Competition ( ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:모든_언어의_위키백과마다_꼭_있어야_하는_문서_목록/확장판/생물학_및_의과학

CAM plants have a different leaf anatomy from C3 plants, and fix the CO. 2 at night, when their stomata are open. CAM plants ... or transpiration, "gs" or stomatal conductance, and Ci or intracellular CO2.[48] However, it is more common to used chlorophyll ... Many important crop plants are C4 plants, including maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and millet. Plants that do not use PEP- ... Sixteen thousand species of plants use CAM.[31] Calcium oxalate accumulating plants, such as Amaranthus hybridus and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis

"http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/vascular.html. www.phschool.com. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 2014 ഫെബ്രുവരി 20. ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_tissue

Some annual plants germinate, bloom and die in the course of a few weeks after rainfall while other long-lived plants survive ... Some are deciduous, shedding their leaves in the driest season, and others curl their leaves up to reduce transpiration. Others ... Some desert plants produce seed which lies dormant in the soil until sparked into growth by rainfall. When annuals, such plants ... Plants and animals living in the desert need special adaptations to survive in the harsh environment. Plants tend to be tough ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert

... the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land surface to atmosphere - associated with thunderstorms, is ... The most diverse group of plants in the pine community are the herbs, of which there are two dozen species. These plants ... The plant hardiness zones are 10a north with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 30 to 35 °F (−1 to +2 °C), ... A Florida panther was found dead with levels of mercury high enough to kill a human.[153] Scientists found that power plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everglades

... which exits the leaf through the stomata in a process known as transpiration. Therefore, plants cannot gain carbon dioxide ... CAM plants[edit]. C3 and C4 plants(1) stomata stay open all day and close at night. CAM plants(2) stomata open during the ... Stomata are present in the sporophyte generation of all land plant groups except liverworts. In vascular plants the number, ... Light increases stomatal development in plants; while, plants grown in the dark have a lower amount of stomata. Auxin represses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma_

"The Plant Cell. American Society of Plant Physiologists. 12 (5): 637-646. JSTOR 3870991. PMC 139917 . PMID 10810140. doi: ... 2013). „Terrestrial Water Fluxes Dominated by Transpiration". Nature. 496 (7445): 347-50. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..347J. PMID ... Sussex, I. (2008). „The Scientific Roots of Modern Plant Biotechnology" (PDF). The Plant Cell. 20 (5): 1189-98. PMC 2438469 . ... Ehrhardt, D. W.; Frommer, W. B. (2012). „New Technologies for 21st Century Plant Science" (PDF). The Plant Cell. 24 (2): 374-94 ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ботаничар

monoecious = both types of flowers found on the same plant; dioecious = the two types of flower found only on different plants ... In the typical flower (that is, in the majority of flowering plant species) each flower has both carpels and stamens. In some ... Depending on the species of plant, some or all of the stamens in a flower may be attached to the petals or to the floral axis. ... Goebel, K.E.v. (1969) [1905]. Organography of plants, especially of the Archegoniatae and Spermaphyta. Part 2 Special ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anther

Accordingly, they are often called land plants or terrestrial plants. On a microscopic level, the cells of embryophytes are ... All Land Plants Evolved From Single Type of Algae, Scientists Say *^ a b Becker, B. & Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and ... Some extinct early plants appear to be between the grade of organization of bryophytes and that of true vascular plants ( ... sharply reduces the rank of groups such as the flowering plants.[39] (More complex classifications are needed if extinct plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryophyte

Transpiration allows plants to transport water and mineral nutrients from the soil to growth regions, and also cools the plant ... Water is "consumed" in plants by the processes of photosynthesis (see above) and transpiration. The latter process (which is ... Before the evolution of vascular plants, non-vascular plants likely played a more significant role. Primary production on land ... The rate of carbon assimilation in plant tissues, organs, whole plants, or plankton samples can be quantified by biochemically ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_productivity

No ferrocyanide in air from plant transpiration.. [56] Radionucléides. xxx. Tradescantia bracteata (en). Spiderworts. xxx. ... The use of plants for the treatment of radionuclides. Chapter 8 of Phytoremediation of toxic metals: Using plants to clean up ... a b c d et e [23] J.J. Cornejo, F.F. Muñoz, C.Y. Ma et A.J. Stewart, Studies on the decontamination of air by plants ... Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Fev. 2006 *↑ a b et c [25] « Copie archivée » (version du 29 septembre 2007 sur l' ...

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaccumulateur

... and leaves that employ transpiration. Note that they are often photosynthetic plants, as no other source of energy (such as ... 4. Small annual plants are able to grow on the soil. 5. As the soil layer grows plants such as trees are able to colonize the ... Herbivores may alter plant growth. Fossorial mammals could alter soil and plant community development. In a profound example, a ... Examples of the plants and organisms that colonize such areas are pioneer species: *Barren sand - lyme grass (Leymus arenarius ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_species

Plant transpiration and animal perspiration use evaporative cooling to prevent high temperatures from causing unsustainable ... Beychok, Milton R. (1967). Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants (1st ed.). John Wiley and Sons. LCCN 67019834 ... Many facilities, particularly electric power plants, use millions of gallons of water per day for cooling.[22] Water cooling on ... Thermal pollution of rivers, estuaries and coastal waters is a consideration when siting such plants. Water returned to aquatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooling_water

Plants using only C3 carbon fixation, for example, lose 97% of the water they uptake through the roots to transpiration - a ... CAM Plants, Examples and Plant Families". Cropsreview.. *^ a b c d e f g Sayed, O.H. (2001). "Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 1975 ... Use by plants[edit]. Cross section of a CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plant, specifically of an agave leaf. Vascular ... The following list summarizes the taxonomic distribution of plants with CAM: Division Class/Angiosperm group Order Family Plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAM_photosynthesis

Plants in the strictest sense include the liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and vascular plants, as well as fossil plants similar ... Some plants have coevolved with nitrogen fixing bacteria, making plants an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plant roots ... Venus Flytrap, sensitive plant and resurrection plant are examples of plants sold as novelties. There are also art forms ... Green plants, also known as Viridiplantae, Viridiphyta, Chlorobionta or Chloroplastida Plantae sensu stricto Plants in a strict ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

Transpiration by growing plants accelerates soil drying between storms. Rain gardens perform best using plants that grow in ... Although specific plants are selected and designed for respective soils and climates,[22] plants that can tolerate both ... Certain plant species are very effective at storing mineral nutrients, which are only released once the plant dies and decays. ... and they release water vapor back to the atmosphere through the process of transpiration.[3] Deep plant roots also create ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_gardens

Zotz, Gerhard (2016). Plants on Plants - The Biology of Vascular Epiphytes. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-39237-0. .. ... Epiphytic plants such as ferns, some mosses, liverworts, orchids and some species of parasitic plants (e.g., mistletoe) hang ... Many towns have initiated tree-planting programmes.[152] In London for example, there is an initiative to plant 20,000 new ... In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree

The BookReader requires JavaScript to be enabled. Please check that your browser supports JavaScript and that it is enabled in the browser settings. You can also try one of the other formats of the book. ...

https://archive.org/stream/transpirationasc00dixo

... Bob Vickery vickery at mpx.com.au Sun Mar 10 00:00:55 EST 1996 *Previous message: Transpiration in ... the plant. , This is right if you compare rates of transpiration of different numbers of leaves of the same species. When you ... At a certain wind speed, the ,water molecules are moved away from the plant at such a speed that the ,air surrounding the ... 2. Wind Speed is also proportional to the rate of transpiration between ,no air movement and a low wind speed such as 2.5 mph. ...

http://bio.net/bionet/mm/plantbio/1996-March/010164.html

Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. Transpiration also includes a process called guttation, ... which is the loss of water in liquid form from the uninjured leaf or stem of the plant, principally through water stomata. ... Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, ... What does transpiration do?. Transpiration is the process where plants carry water from the roots to the rest of the plant, ...

https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_transpiration_in_a_plant_process

Plants sit in flasks in front of a wall outside during Biology 62 lab. ...

http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm/ref/collection/loc/id/8201/

Transpiration is the process that allows plants to release H20 in the form of water vapor into the atmospher... ... Read this full essay on Transpiration In Plants. ... Other Essays On Transpiration In Plants. essay that is supper ... Transpiration In Plants Essay. 1309 words - 6 pages Transpiration is the process that allows plants to release H20 in the form ... Transpiration plays a huge role for plants, as 90% of the water that enters the plant is through transpiration. It also allows ...

https://ostatic.com/essays/transpiration-in-plants

HELP NEEDED- PLANT TRANSPIRATION!. Discussion of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how these properties ... Hey just wondering if anyone who knows about plant transpiration would like to help me with a year 12 Biology assignment! I did ... Well the thing is we did repeat the transpiration experiment and we got the same results. The plants were practically all the ... Note that with increased light, the plants might be using more water, but it might not have anything to do with transpiration. ...

https://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/viewtopic.php?t=11522

2007 American Society of Plant Biologists. Transpiration in higher plants accounts for about three-quarters of the water that ... plant transpiration provides evaporative cooling, forming a major component of the leaf energy balance. Transpiration also ... The Biology of Transpiration. From Guard Cells to Globe Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from Plant ... Since plants do not have membranes that are both permeable to CO2 and impermeable to water, transpiration is an inevitable ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/143/1/3

The daily transpiration from the upscaling function was well correlated with the daily evapotranspiration by the Penman- ... The objectives of this study were to: (1) measure sap flow of selected individual stems of two sand-fixing plants, namely Salix ... The results indicated that during the growing season, the total actual transpiration of the Salix gordejevii and Caragana ... upscale the measured stem-level sap flow for estimating the community-level transpiration. The measurements were done from 1 ...

http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/5/361

These differences in whole-plant transpiration efficiency, both between genotypes and between plants within each genotype, ... These differences in whole-plant transpiration efficiency, both between genotypes and between plants within each genotype, ... Three experiments were conducted, aimed at verifying the existence of variability in whole-plant TE and whole-plant and leaf- ... Three experiments were conducted, aimed at verifying the existence of variability in whole-plant TE and whole-plant and leaf- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.01976/full

... students must understand the process of transpiration. This is how plants transport nutrients and its all made possible by the ... Unit 3 - Water Loss in Plants. This GCSE Biology quiz is all about transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants ... Plants can reduce transpiration for themselves by wilting - you may have noticed this happening for yourself on hot days. Thin ... The minerals that a plant needs are carried through it dissolved in water that has come from the ground. Plants have no pump ...

https://www.educationquizzes.com/gcse/biology/unit-3-water-loss-in-plants/

The VPD-limited transpiration responses observed in sorghum germplasm increased biomass accumulation by 20% in years with lower ... Additionally, APSIM was extended to enable modeling of VPD-limited transpiration traits that reduce crop water use under high ... Simulation results indicated that the VPD-limited transpiration trait is most beneficial in hot and dry regions of production ... Additionally, APSIM was extended to enable modeling of VPD-limited transpiration traits that reduce crop water use under high ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00335/full

leaf transpiration rate. A/E. transpiration efficiency. δ13C. carbon isotope composition of leaf biomass. gs_H2O. stomatal ... 1986) Influence of stomatal distribution on transpiration in low-wind environments. Plant Cell Environ 9: 751-759. ... Your Name) has sent you a message from Plant Physiology Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the Plant ... 2013) C3 plants enhance rates of photosynthesis by reassimilating photorespired and respired CO2. Plant Cell Environ 36: 200- ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/162/3/1632

... and Transpiration in American Elm Seedlings as Influenced by Dutch Elm Disease and Plant-Water Stress. Bruce R. Roberts, Plant ... Young American elm seedlings were inoculated with the Dutch elm disease pathogen or subjected to plant-water stress prior to ... The data for net photosynthesis and transpiration suggest that the pattern of symptom development in inoculated seedlings is ... different from plants experiencing an internal moisture deficit.. Additional keywords: Ulmus americana, Ceratocystis ulmi, ...

https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1972Abstracts/Phyto62_457.htm

Мы предоставляем метод для выявления модуляторов перепирания листа путем масштабного скрининга сложной...

https://www.jove.com/v/60535?language=Russian

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of ... "Energy-Dependent Solute Transport from the Apoplast into the Symplast of Leaves during Transpiration, ... Life Sciences; Plant Sciences. ISSN. 1021-4437. eISSN. 1608-3407. D.O.I.. 10.1023/A:1013704009903. Publisher site. See Article ... Energy-Dependent Solute Transport from the Apoplast into the Symplast of Leaves during Transpiration. Heber, U.; Wiese, C.; ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/energy-dependent-solute-transport-from-the-apoplast-into-the-symplast-iPYpTsFYIj

Transpiration LAB Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Be plant) an Obje s ctive stigatethee ct of low light and high light inte ffe nsity ... Investigate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the rate of transpiration from leaves. • Make and view slides of plant root, ... 11 TRANSPIRATION 2009 - Transpiration LAB Phaseolus.... This preview shows document pages 1 - 19. Sign up to view the full ... Biology 102 Unit 3 - Plant Biology Lecture 1 Introduction to (Flowering) Plant Biolo ...

https://www.coursehero.com/file/5567150/11-TRANSPIRATION-2009/

... active transport in plants transpiration GCSE biology guide notes on active transport in plants transpiration for schools ... Respiration - aerobic and anaerobic in plants gcse biology revision notes. Hormone control in plants and uses of plant hormones ... transpiration for OCR GCSE 9-1 21st century biology science notes on active transport in plants transpiration OCR GCSE 9-1 ... Estimated transpiration rate = distance air bubble travels / time taken. So your rate of transpiration units might be mm or cm/ ...

http://docbrown.info/ebiology/plantstransport.htm

Plant biomass, transpiration and WUE had H2 values of 0.76, 0.54, and 0.73, respectively. The H2 value of WUE is high enough to ... To study the heritability and genetic variation of plant biomass, transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE) in apple (Malus ... Analysis of pictures and pot weights differences allowed the estimation of whole-plant biomass and transpiration during the ... Heritability and genetic variation of plant biomass, transpiration, and water use efficiency for an apple core-collection. ...

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/1172_59

Xylem Tubes:- transports water/minerals from the roots to the leaves of the plant in the transpiration stream ... Transpiration:- The moment of water from the roots through the xylem into the… ... Home > GCSE > Biology > Transpiration and Transportation in Plants Transpiration and Transportation in Plants. ...

https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-notes/transpiration_and_transportation_in_plants

Home > GCSE > Biology > Biology - Transport in plants (transpiration) - B3.2.3 Biology - Transport in plants (transpiration) - ... How do plants try to lose as little water as possible? Curl up leaves, waxy cuticle stops water loss, stomata open and close by ... What process is transpiration? the process by which water evaporate from the leaves, which results in more water being drawn up ... phloem tissue carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and storage ...

https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-tests/biology_transport_in_plants_transpiration_b323

Plants Transpiration Essay ...April 2013 Plants Transpiration Introduction Plants transpiration is a process that can make ... Plant Transpiration Lab Report Essay ...Lab 4: Plant Transpiration Project By Shelby Hyde Lab 030 Date Due: March 12, 2013 The ... Transpiration Lab Essay ...TRANSPIRATION DESIGN LAB Transpiration is the process through which water is lost from a plant. ... Transpiration Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the plants in the form of water vapour; water exits the plants ...

http://www.studymode.com/essays/Plants-Transpiration-Lab-1401497.html

Genotype rankings for TE were consistent when plants were harvested the same day, at the flag-leaf stage or later. For these ... as whole-plant TE and shoot-only TE are highly correlated, at least in wheat. The method is particularly relevant in developing ... plants from 11 genotypes varying in phenology were sown at three dates and grown for different durations in a polyhouse with ... Increasing transpiration efficiency (biomass produced per unit of water used, TE) can potentially lead to increased grain yield ...

https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13007-018-0339-y

Describe transpiration pull model of water transport in plants. What are the factors influencing transpiration? How is it ...

https://www.biologydiscussion.com/biologyarticles/question/describe-transpiration-pull-model-of-water-transport-in-plants-what-are-the-factors-influencing-transpiration-how-is-it-useful-to-plants/

Consequently, transpiration requires very little energy to be used by the plant. Transpiration assists the plant in absorbing ... Transpiration is the main process of water movement within plant tissues. Water is constantly transpired from the plant through ... Vascular plants have vascular tissues which distribute resources through the plant. This feature allows vascular plants to ... Transpiration. The most abundant compound in all plants, as in all cellular organisms, is water which serves an important ...

https://www.eol.org/pages/4077/articles

Transpiration is the movement of water from the plants into the air. Transpiration cools the plant, which may prevent the plant ... Transpiration in plants is a crucial process. What is transpiration? In common land plants cuticular transpiration is only 3-10 ... Stomatal transpiration: This accounts for 95% of total transpiration in plants. Transpiration in plants is a process of water ... And cuticular transpiration it around the plant-increase transpiration dry or warmer air will the... Transpiration in plants in ...

http://quilanga.gob.ec/e6qczq6a/250fcc-what-is-transpiration-in-plants

Ω, and transpiration, it is concluded that α needs to be given special attention in plant canopies that undergo substantial ... Transpiration rates can be estimated by accounting for plant physiological and meteorological interactions with a linked ... should be considered in modeling studies as it describes how the control of transpiration is partitioned between plant ... Given that nighttime transpiration can account for ,20% of total daily transpiration (Benyon 1999; Dawson et al. 2007), the VPD ...

https://journals.ametsoc.org/jhm/article/17/12/3029/5865/Seasonal-Variation-in-Canopy-Aerodynamics-and-the

Plant Transpiration Simulator This site includes a simulator that uses a virtual potometer to show rates of transpiration. ... Secondary Growth and Transpiration in Plants This site includes two eloquently produced simulations about secondary growth and ... Plant Growth Tropisms This is a nice animation / simulation to show some plant tropisms, including phototropism gravitropism ( ... Plant Life Cycles, Photosynthesis,... Plant Life Cycles, Photosynthesis, and Other Learning Objects ...

https://www.merlot.org/merlot/materials.htm?nosearchlanguage=&pageSize=&page=6&nosearchlanguage=&category=2608&sort.property=dateCreated

The rest of the water evaporates through the leaves in a process known as transpiration. This process is vital for plants. The ... plants only use between 1 and 5 percent of their intake water for growth and photosynthesis. ... Most people know that plants use water to grow, but in reality, ... Transpiration. Most people know that plants use water to grow, ... The evaporation of the water keeps the plant cool and allows carbon dioxide to enter the plant. Transpiration also creates a ...

https://www.gardenguides.com/74824-plants-use-water.html

Transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which a plant loses water, primarily through leaf stomata. Transpirational loss ... Plant structure. Figure 1. Plant cell.. The plant cell. The plant cell is the basic organizational unit of plants (Figure 1). ... Plant identification using plant keys. Plant keys. For successful use of dichotomous either-or plant keys, a working ... Three major plant functions are the basis of plant growth and development: photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration. ...

http://muextension.missouri.edu/p/mg2

Each cell contains up to 90 percent water, which plants absorb from the soil. Transport of minerals, movement of sugars, plant ... Inside those green leafy specimens that we call plants lies a vast sea of water. ... Transpiration. Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water vapor from plant leaves through tiny openings called stomata. ... In this way a continuous stream of water moves from the soil and roots and proceeds out of the plant. Transpiration rates are ...

https://www.gardenguides.com/130707-plants-lose-water.html

Transpiration also includes a process called guttation, which is the loss of water in liquid form from the uninjured leaf or stem of the plant, principally through water stomata. (answers.com)
Once water lost from the air reaches the leaves, it diffuses through tiny whole called stomata, which allow the plants to breathe. (ostatic.com)
Plants control water gain and loss by opening and closing their stomata. (ostatic.com)
Because the stomata are open more, more water can escape from the leaf, increasing transpiration. (educationquizzes.com)
During transpiration, what leaves the plant through stomata? (educationquizzes.com)
Transpiration is the loss of water from a plant, mainly through the stomata of leaves. (studymode.com)
illumination, ample water supply, and optimum temperature cause stomata to open and increase transpiration. (studymode.com)
Since stomatal openings are necessary for the exchange of gases, transpiration has been considered by some to be merely an unavoidable phenomenon that accompanies the real functions of the stomata. (studymode.com)
1] Leaf transpiration occurs through stomata, and can be as a necessary 'cost' associated with many processes such as the opening of the pistil and allowing the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis. (studymode.com)
Transpiration increases with the wind but high winds result in the closing of stomata which reduces transpiration. (gob.ec)
There are Stomata, cuticle and lenticel resistances in a plant which restricts the water movement out of the leaf into the atmosphere. (gob.ec)
Transpiration is a process of emission of water from the plant with the help of stomata. (gob.ec)
Transpiration is the evaporative loss of water vapor from plant leaves through tiny openings called stomata. (gardenguides.com)
When stomata are open, water is able to move along a force gradient from the roots of the plant, which have a higher quantity of water, to the leaves and surrounding air, which have less water. (gardenguides.com)
While the stomata are open, the plant will lose water. (amybrownscience.com)
4. Transpiration in plants involves all of the following except: a) Adhesion of water molecules to cell walls b) Cohesion among water molecules c) Water transport through phloem cells d) Movement of water molecules through stomata Answer: c) Water transport through phloem cells Transpiration in plants requires all of the following except? (intercultured.com)
What are some methods for determining stomata distribution in plants? (reference.com)
What two gases are exchanged through the stomata on plant leaves? (reference.com)
The two gases that move in and out of the stomata on plant leaves are carbon dioxide and oxygen. (reference.com)
Study elementary school courses, online science degree programs MCQs: percentage of transpiration by stomata is, for online courses with choices 0.2, 0.5, 0.75, and 0.9 for online teacher certification preparation with online training questions and answers. (mcqlearn.com)
After this, the water leaves the leaf (and the whole plant) by diffusion through stomata. (wikipedia.org)
Water is constantly lost from the plant through its stomata to the atmosphere. (thefullwiki.org)
Water is transpired from the plants leaves via stomata , carried there via leaf veins and vascular bundles within the plants cambium layer. (thefullwiki.org)
The vascular system of plants differs from the circulatory system of animals in that water (in the form of vapor) evaporates out of a plant's stomata (a process called transpiration), whereas an animal's blood is recirculated throughout the body. (encyclopedia.com)
The leaf epidermis has small pores, called stomata, which open up for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration. (encyclopedia.com)
Also, water vapor diffuses through the stomata into the atmosphere in a process called transpiration . (wikipedia.org)
Stomata are present in the sporophyte generation of all land plant groups except liverworts . (wikipedia.org)
In vascular plants the number, size and distribution of stomata varies widely. (wikipedia.org)
: 5 In plants with floating leaves, stomata may be found only on the upper epidermis and submerged leaves may lack stomata entirely. (wikipedia.org)
Most plants require the stomata to be open during daytime. (wikipedia.org)
C3 and C4 plants(1) stomata stay open all day and close at night. (wikipedia.org)
CAM plants(2) stomata open during the morning and close slightly at noon and then open again in the evening. (wikipedia.org)
A group of mostly desert plants called "CAM" plants ( Crassulacean acid metabolism , after the family Crassulaceae, which includes the species in which the CAM process was first discovered) open their stomata at night (when water evaporates more slowly from leaves for a given degree of stomatal opening), use PEPcarboxylase to fix carbon dioxide and store the products in large vacuoles. (wikipedia.org)
In organisms with diffusive exchange-plant leaves and bird eggs-gases and water vapor move through short tubes (stomata and eggshell pores, respectively). (pnas.org)
Plants respond to increased levels of the gas by letting less water evaporate through their pores--known as stomata--and consequently taking up less water from the soil. (physicsforums.com)
Beginning with the sixth day after infection, the proportion of stomatal and cuticular transpirations becomes more expressive, i.e. the leaves transpire more by cuticles than by stomata. (springer.com)
From here water vapour diffuses to surrounding air through stomata Transpiration & pull up water from the soil, the force is call transpira pull. (scribd.com)
When the stomata are open, the plant can take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis and release oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis) back into the environment. (sparknotes.com)
The remainder gets expelled through microscopic stomata, which are openings or pores on plant leaves. (sfgate.com)
The movement of water through the plant and out the stomata creates a pull that forces the roots to absorb more water from the soil. (sfgate.com)
stomata help in transpiration. (solucija.com)
Most plants contain their stomata on the lower surface of the leaf. (solucija.com)
I have 2 questions.1.what is the function of the stomata?2.Plants with stomata cannot survive in deserts.Explain why this is so.Pls reply ASAP! (solucija.com)

All these factors enable water to defy gravity and flow upward in the plant in order to reach the leaf.Many factors contribute to the process of transpiration in a very important way. (ostatic.com)
At the same time, plant transpiration provides evaporative cooling, forming a major component of the leaf energy balance. (plantphysiol.org)
For example, leaf water is generally enriched in 18 O relative to soil water due to a tendency for the heavier molecules to accumulate in leaves during transpiration. (plantphysiol.org)
Intrinsic (i.e., leaf-level) TE is usually considered as the primary source of variation in whole-plant TE, but empirical data usually contradict this assumption. (frontiersin.org)
Sunflower has a significant variability in TE, but a better knowledge of the effect of leaf and plant-level traits could be helpful to obtain more efficient genotypes for water use. (frontiersin.org)
The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess if genotypic variation in whole-plant TE is better related to leaf- or plant-level traits. (frontiersin.org)
Three experiments were conducted, aimed at verifying the existence of variability in whole-plant TE and whole-plant and leaf-level traits, and to assess their correlation. (frontiersin.org)
These differences in whole-plant transpiration efficiency, both between genotypes and between plants within each genotype, showed no association to leaf-level traits, but were significantly and negatively correlated to biomass allocation to leaves and to the ratio of leaf area to total biomass. (frontiersin.org)
It is also suggested that phenotyping for TE in this species should not be restricted to leaf-level measurements, but also include measurements of plant-level traits, especially those related to biomass allocation between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organs. (frontiersin.org)
Sinclair (2012) mentions environmental variables such as CO 2 concentration and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and physiological traits such as leaf photosynthetic capacity, biochemical composition of the plant biomass, and hydraulic limitations to water flow in the plant. (frontiersin.org)
In these environments, slower but more efficient transpiration increases biomass yield and prevents or delays the exhaustion of soil water and onset of leaf senescence. (frontiersin.org)
There was an inverse relationship between Thick leaf and transpiration rate and a significant positive association between Thick leaf and leaf transpiration efficiency. (plantphysiol.org)
Make and view slides of plant root, stem, and leaf sections using bright field and fluorescence microscopy. (coursehero.com)
Vascular tissue that conducts sugars and other organic molecules from the leaf to the other parts of the plant. (coursehero.com)
The rate of transpiration is directly related to the degree of stomatal opening, and to the evaporative demand of the atmosphere surrounding the leaf. (studymode.com)
Genotype rankings for TE were consistent when plants were harvested the same day, at the flag-leaf stage or later. (biomedcentral.com)
In leaf cells, the surface of the water in the pores of their cell walls curves inwards as the cell loses water to transpiration. (gob.ec)
Liquid water extends through the plant from the soil water to the leaf surface where it is converted from a liquid into a gas through the process of evaporation. (gob.ec)
Cuticular transpiration: It is a type of transpiration where a water loss is through the cuticles found on the surface of the leaf. (gob.ec)
Of the meteorological drivers of transpiration, wind speed effects on leaf temperature T leaf , air temperature T air , and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) within the canopy can be considerable (e.g. (ametsoc.org)
If too much water is lost from the leaf, the plant will lose turgor pressure and the plant will wilt. (amybrownscience.com)
Measuring transpiration from the leaf is a very simple thing! (amybrownscience.com)
Plant in front of fan: The increased air movements across the surface of the leaf will cause a higher rate of evaporation from the plant. (amybrownscience.com)
Fast moving air currents continually bring fresh, dry masses of air in contact with leaf surfaces and thus maintain a high rate of transpiration. (intercultured.com)
When moisture is lacking, plants can begin to senesce (premature ageing, which can result in leaf loss) and transpire less water. (usgs.gov)
The consequences of a decrease in cellular water permeability were determined by measurement of transpiration rate and stem and leaf water potential as well as growth experiments under extreme soil water depletion. (plantcell.org)
Tobacco plants impaired in NtAQP1 expression were generated by leaf disc transformation with an antisense NtAQP1 construct driven by the strong constitutive 35S promoter of Cauliflower mosaic virus together with the kanamycin resistance marker gene NPT II. (plantcell.org)
vapor pressures of water and CO 2 could enhance plant water use efficiency up to about 10% at a leaf water potential of -2 MPa, and much more when water potential decreases further. (osti.gov)
It may occur from any plant part exposed to the atmosphere but chiefly takes place from leaves and leaf-like organs (such as petals and the green stems of cacti and some other plants that serve as leaves). (plant-care.com)
In general, the more total leaf surface a plant of a given kind has, the more moisture it transpires. (plant-care.com)
The underside of the leaf is how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged out and in to the plant. (google.com)
There is great variety of leaf size and shape among different species of plants. (encyclopedia.com)
The two primary vascular tissues in leaf veins are xylem, which is important for transport of water and soluble ions into the leaf, and phloem, which is important for transport of carbohydrates (made by photosynthesis) from the leaf to the rest of the plant. (encyclopedia.com)
The first or "seed" leaf of a seed plant. (ibiblio.org)
Plant transpiration rates are affected by biophysical factors, such as air temperature, vapour pressure deficits and net radiation, and by plant factors, such as canopy leaf area and stomatal conductance. (springer.com)
Transpiration is the word for describing the evaporative process of water from plant leaf surfaces. (maximumyield.com)
Water moves up the plant in the xylem vessels, the rate and extent of movement dependent on the quantity of water being drawn into the roots and the rate and extent of transpiration occurring at the leaf surfaces. (maximumyield.com)
Al-Kaisi M, Brun LJ, Enz JW (1989) Transpiration and evaporation from maize as related to leaf area index. (springer.com)
Choudhury BJ, Idso SB (1985) Evaluating plant and canopy resistances of field grown wheat from concurrent diurnal observations of leaf water potential, stomatal resistance, canopy temperature and evapotranspiration flux. (springer.com)
little cytoplasm, no nucleus : sieve plate with pores separating the sieve tube cell : allows the flow of dissolved food substances -Companion : only found in flowering plant cells : adjacent and closely associated with the sieve tube cells : has a nucleus, dense cytoplasm & many mitochondria : transport manufactured food(sucrose & amino acids) from the leaf cells into the sieve tubes. (scribd.com)
Genotype differences in 13C discrimination between atmosphere and leaf matter match differences in transpiration efficiency at leaf and whole-plant levels in hybrid Populus deltoides x nigra. (illumina.com)
Leaf transpiration of drought tolerant plant can be captured by hyperspectral reflectance using PLSR analysis. (sisef.org)
Traditional field measurements of leaf scale transpiration are always time-consuming and often unfeasible in the context of large spatial and temporal scales. (sisef.org)
This study focused on a dominant native plant in the arid land of central Asia, Haloxylon ammondendron , with the aim of deriving the leaf-scale transpiration through hyperspectral reflectance using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis. (sisef.org)
The results revealed that the PLSR model based on the first-order derivative spectra at wavelengths selected through stepwise regression analysis can closely trace leaf transpiration with a high accuracy (R 2 = 0.78, RMSE = 1.62 µmol g -1 s -1 ). (sisef.org)
The results also proved that the first-order derivative spectra within the shortwave infrared (SWIR) domain, especially at 2435, 2440, 2445, and 2470 nm, were critical for PLSR models to predict leaf transpiration. (sisef.org)
Field measurements of leaf scale transpiration are always based on the measurement of vapor added by transpiration into the air inside a chamber enclosing the leaf or a leaf surface ( [24] , [39] ). (sisef.org)
However, a straightforward relationship between leaf transpiration and reflected information has still to be verified, while it has already been done for other parameters related to the biological status of plants ( [15] ). (sisef.org)
Saitou, K 1987, ' Diurnal courses of photosynthesis, transpiration and diffusive conductance in the single-leaf of the rice plants grown in the paddy field under submerged condition ', Japanese Journal of Crop Science , vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 8-8. (elsevier.com)
Click on 'The Image Library' icon for a list of plant slides, or use links in section III to root, stem and leaf overviews. (ocr.org.uk)
Demonstrate the necessity of sunlight by covering one leaf of a plant so that it doesn't receive sunlight and dies. (nzdl.org)

The regulation of nighttime stomatal conductance is one such example that impacts on estimation of global transpiration, and this is addressed by Caird et al. (plantphysiol.org)
The term transpiration efficiency (TE) is used to define different expressions such as the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance (intrinsic TE) and the ratio of biomass to transpiration in a plant (whole-plant TE). (frontiersin.org)
a second group included functional traits, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, M conductance to CO 2 diffusion ( g m ), stomatal conductance to gas diffusion ( g s ), and the g m / g s ratio. (plantphysiol.org)
Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, however, is likely to lead to some reduction in stomatal conductance, which will reduce canopy transpiration rates. (springer.com)
It showed that the effect of CO 2 -induced reduction of stomatal conductance would have a stronger transpiration-depressing effect than the stimulatory effect of future warming. (springer.com)
Under water-limited conditions, however, relative plant growth responses to elevated [CO 2 ] can potentially be even greater because increases in photosynthesis and decreases in stomatal conductance can together enhance water use efficiency to a numerically greater extent than the photosynthetic enhancement alone. (springer.com)
In response to water stress, plants regulate their transpiration by decreasing their stomatal conductance (Sperry 2000). (springer.com)
Granier A, Biron P, Lemoin D (2000) Water balance, transpiration and canopy conductance in two beech stands. (springer.com)
Plant transpiration, defined as the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, is a basic process regulated over short time periods by stomatal conductance ( g s - [32] ) and is a key parameter in climate models for quantifying the biosphere-atmosphere interactions ( [35] ). (sisef.org)

This is because the plants cells would naturally lose essential mineral ions by osmotic diffusion back into the soil moisture. (docbrown.info)
Therefore, active transport systems must be used by the plant to counteract the natural direction of diffusion from a high mineral concentration in the plant cells to a low mineral concentration in the soil moisture. (docbrown.info)
Soil water supply and soil temperature can influence stomatal opening, and thus transpiration rate. (studymode.com)
The root of a plant absorbs water from the soil. (gob.ec)
Plant takes water, dissolved essential plant nutrients and minerals from the soil with the help of the roots through the process of osmosis. (gob.ec)
A driving force is a potential difference between the soil and atmosphere surrounding the plant. (gob.ec)
Each cell contains up to 90 percent water, which plants absorb from the soil. (gardenguides.com)
In this way a continuous stream of water moves from the soil and roots and proceeds out of the plant. (gardenguides.com)
Plants put down roots into the soil to draw water and nutrients up into the stems and leaves. (usgs.gov)
During dry periods, transpiration can contribute to the loss of moisture in the upper soil zone, which can have an effect on vegetation and food-crop fields. (usgs.gov)
In many places, the top layer of the soil where plant roots are located is above the water table and thus is often wet to some extent, but is not totally saturated, as is soil below the water table. (usgs.gov)
The main driving factor is the difference in water potential between the soil and the substomatal cavity caused by transpiration. (wikipedia.org)
Soil plant atmosphere continuum for modelling plant transpiration. (wikipedia.org)
Nutrients and water from the soil and the organic compounds produced in leaves are distributed to specific areas in the plant through the xylem and phloem. (thefullwiki.org)
The pull of water from the soil to the leaves causes water in the transpiration stream to be under negative pressure decreasing the water potential below zero. (osti.gov)
Almost all water used by plants comes from the soil. (plant-care.com)
1309 words - 6 pages the soil through the plant roots. (ostatic.com)
These roots are covered with millions of tiny root hairs, which have large surface areas so that the plant may absorb enough water into its system from the soil. (ostatic.com)
The roots of a plant take up water and minerals from the soil, and also anchor the plant. (encyclopedia.com)
Common plant disorders are caused by a shortage of plant nutrients, by waterlogged or polluted soil, and by polluted air. (encyclopedia.com)
Whole plant daily transpiration versus soil volumetric water content (SVWC) of a Col-0 (blue dots), hab1 - 1 abi1 - 2 (green dots) and b L e r (dark blue dots), aba1 - 1 (yellow dots) and abi1 - 1 (red dots). (biomedcentral.com)
Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that Plantago major plants tend to grow abundantly in the soil that is closest to the footpath compared to the soil which is further away from the footpath. (markedbyteachers.com)
The Xylem also take up the various minerals found in the soil that are essential for plants to grow. (google.com)
CO 2 -response studies most commonly provide plants with adequate access to soil water. (springer.com)
This has led to the theoretical consideration that water plants grown with a limited water supply should respond more strongly to elevated [CO 2 ] than plants grown with adequate soil moisture [ 10 ]. (springer.com)
In North America, the biostimulant coalition defined biostimulants as "substances, including micro-organisms, that are applied to plant, seed, soil or other growing media that may enhance the plant's ability to assimilate applied nutrients, or provide benefits to plant development. (springer.com)
Bichele Z, Moldau H, Ross J (1980) Mathematical Modelling of Plant Transpiration and Photosynthesis under Soil Moisture Stress [in Russian]. (springer.com)
Calvet JC (2000) Investigating soil and atmospheric plant water stress using physiological and micrometeorological data. (springer.com)
Denmead OT, Shaw RT (1962) Availability of soil water to plants as affected by soil moisture content and meteorological conditions. (springer.com)
The plant roots suck or extract water from the soil to live and grow. (fao.org)
The same happens to water on the soil surface and to water on the leaves and stem of a plant. (fao.org)
Within the soil, water that is not taken up by plants percolates through the spaces between soil particles, generally moving downward until it encounters a fully saturated zone at the level of the water table. (crd.bc.ca)
To make up for this water loss, additional water is drawn in from the soil by the roots and passed upward through the plant by the xylem. (sparknotes.com)
Plants absorb water and nutrients from the soil as part of a process called transpiration. (sfgate.com)

Salibury F, Ross C (1991) Plant Physiology. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, an open question of plant physiology, whether the major pathway of water transport in plants is apoplastic or symplastic, could be answered by our studies. (plantcell.org)
This book Useful for Plant Physiology. (kopykitab.com)
For populations and species, the tradeoff influences diverse phenomena, including the evolution of hibernation, dormancy, and diapause ( 5 - 8 ), the evolution of nasal physiology in vertebrate homeotherms ( 9 - 11 ), and the evolution and ecology of plants with different modes of carbon fixation (C3, C4, and CAM) ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
Journal of Plant Physiology. (usda.gov)
This course provides a detailed examination of basic animal and plant anatomy, reproduction, physiology and ecology which is essential for further study in biology. (edu.au)
This is followed by a study of the evolution and classification of plants and the morphology, anatomy, physiology and reproduction of flowering plants. (edu.au)
Plant physiology app respirati. (abronexports.com)
Plant physiology app transpira. (abronexports.com)
Plant Physiology Apparatus Ins. (abronexports.com)
Plant physiology app osmotic p. (abronexports.com)
Plant Physiology Apparatus tra. (abronexports.com)

Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. (answers.com)
By transpiring, or evaporating, it causes the plant to suck up more water from its roots, causing a constant flow of water through the plant, which is optimal for survival. (ostatic.com)
Transpiration: is the process where plants absorb water through the roots and then give off water vapor through pores in their leaves. (ostatic.com)
Transpiration also provides the driving force for transport of water and nutrients from roots to shoots. (plantphysiol.org)
There are times when plants need to conserve water in order to survive e.g. when the roots are damaged or water is short. (educationquizzes.com)
Plant roots have an enormous surface area for water absorption due to which of the following? (educationquizzes.com)
Complex vascular tissue through which most of the water and minerals are conducted from the roots to other parts of the plant. (coursehero.com)
The movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves is called the transpiration stream and is caused by the diffusion of water and its subsequent evaporation. (docbrown.info)
In plants most of the water and mineral ions are absorbed by roots. (docbrown.info)
Also, it is good for plants to make the process of transpiration so the plant can cool, changes osmotic pressure of cells, and enable mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from roots to shoots. (studymode.com)
Transpiration also cools plants and enables mass flow of mineral nutrients and water from roots to shoots. (studymode.com)
TE of a plant is typically expressed as grams of biomass produced (with or without the roots) per kilogram of water transpired. (biomedcentral.com)
It creates a negative pressure gradient that helps draw water and minerals up through the plant from its roots. (gob.ec)
During transpiration plants move water from the roots to their leaves for photosynthesis in xylem vessels. (gob.ec)
How Is Water Transported From the Roots Throughout Plants? (gardenguides.com)
Plants that die back to the ground each winter and have new stems that grow from the roots each spring. (missouri.edu)
The transpirational pull: when the plant loses water through transpiration from the leaves, water and mineral salts from the stem and roots moves, or is `pulled', upwards into the leaves. (intercultured.com)
Plants absorb water through the entire surface - roots, stems and leaves. (smore.com)
The process of transpiration is when water moves through plants from the roots to the leaves, then changes to vapor as it leaves the plant. (reference.com)
Here, evapotranspiration is defined as the water lost to the atmosphere from the ground surface, evaporation from the capillary fringe of the groundwater table, and the transpiration of groundwater by plants whose roots tap the capillary fringe of the groundwater table. (usgs.gov)
In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/apoplast-interface of the substomatal cavity. (wikipedia.org)
xylem carries water and inorganic solutes upward toward the leaves from the roots, while phloem carries organic solutes throughout the plant. (thefullwiki.org)
The xylem draws water and nutrients up from the roots to the upper sections of the plant's body, and the phloem conducts other materials, such as the sucrose produced during photosynthesis , which gives the plant energy to keep growing and seeding. (thefullwiki.org)
than the amount taken into the roots à the plant will have a water shortage à cells become flaccid (soft) and will no longer press against each other à Stems and leaves lose their rigidity, and wilt . (weebly.com)
Water travels up from the roots, through the plants, and to the leaves. (ostatic.com)
Most plants have a dense, fibrous network of roots, and this provides a large surface area for the uptake of water and minerals. (encyclopedia.com)
Apical meristems are at the tips of shoots and roots and are responsible for elongation of a plant. (encyclopedia.com)
Through a process of Transpiration the plant takes in water at it roots by allowing it to escape from the leaves. (google.com)
The one thing you probably knew about plants before school thought you anything about biology was that they suck up water through their roots. (google.com)
So we know that water enters the plant through its roots. (google.com)
We all know that water and nutrients move through a plant from roots to shoots, but do you know how that happens? (maximumyield.com)
This process provides the driving force for the absorption of water and element ions into plant roots and then into the xylem vessels for upward distribution throughout the plant. (maximumyield.com)
The degree of this force can be measured by observing changes in the diameter of plant stems and tree trunks with changing atmospheric conditions and availability of water around the plant roots. (maximumyield.com)
When the atmospheric demand is high, a plant will wilt when there is insufficient water being drawn into the plant through its roots. (maximumyield.com)
Roots absorbed mineral salts and transported them to all parts of the plant. (scribd.com)
Roots have to transport water to the plant. (scribd.com)
roots to the upper parts of plants. (scribd.com)
Water that infiltrates the ground may be taken up by plant roots for use in photosynthesis. (crd.bc.ca)
As water exits the plant, capillary action pulls more water up through the roots. (sfgate.com)
Water carries nutrients with it as it travels through the roots, but it can also carry substances that are toxic to plants. (sfgate.com)

The daily transpiration from the upscaling function was well correlated with the daily evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith equation (coefficient of determination R 2 ≥ 0.67), indicating the applicability of this upscaling function, a useful tool for managing and restoring sand-fixing vegetations. (mdpi.com)
For most locations investigated, we calculated reductions in daily transpiration rates over the twenty-first century that became stronger under higher atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. (springer.com)
For currently cold regions, global warming would, however, lengthen the growing seasons so that annual sums of transpiration could increase in those regions despite reductions in daily transpiration rates over the summer months. (springer.com)

Plants can reduce transpiration for themselves by wilting - you may have noticed this happening for yourself on hot days. (educationquizzes.com)
Thin needle-like leaves or thick waxy coatings on fleshy leaves and stems are other adaptations to reduce transpiration in plants which live in desert conditions or places where the ground water is frozen for long periods of time. (educationquizzes.com)
The VPD-limited transpiration responses observed in sorghum germplasm increased biomass accumulation by 20% in years with lower summer rainfall, and the ability to drastically reduce transpiration under high VPD conditions could increase biomass by 6% on average across all years. (frontiersin.org)
Plants have evolved over time to adapt to their local environment and reduce transpiration. (intercultured.com)

Transpiration is the process that allows plants to release H20 in the form of water vapor into the atmosphere. (ostatic.com)
I hypothesized this because I know that forests transport relatively large quantities of water into the atmosphere, via transpiration by plants. (ostatic.com)
Since the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere exerts a significant control over stomatal development, stomatal frequency in fossil plants is currently being used as a way of tracking atmospheric CO 2 concentrations over the last 400 million years. (plantphysiol.org)
Therefore, transpiration is an expulsion of water from the plant (via leaves and stems) in the form of vapours which condenses in the atmosphere. (gob.ec)
As transpiration involves diffusion of water vapour from regions of high concentration (intercellular spaces of leaves) to that of low concentration (outside air), humi-dity or amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, surrounding the plant has considerable influence on the process. (gob.ec)
In the water cycle, it plays a major role as approximately 10% of total water which is present in the atmosphere is because of the transpiration process. (gob.ec)
Parts of plant like stem, small pores on leaves and flowers evaporate the water to the atmosphere. (gob.ec)
canopy-atmosphere coupling Ω, and transpiration at multiple scales. (ametsoc.org)
Transpiration is often a major component of the hydrologic cycle and a mechanism for the exchange of mass and energy between vegetation and the atmosphere. (ametsoc.org)
Transpiration is the discharge of water vapor from the leaves of plants into the atmosphere. (intercultured.com)
Studies have revealed that transpiration accounts for about 10 percent of the moisture in the atmosphere, with oceans, seas, and other bodies of water (lakes, rivers, streams) providing nearly 90 percent, and a tiny amount coming from sublimation (ice changing into water vapor without first becoming liquid). (usgs.gov)
Higher temperatures cause the plant cells which control the openings (stoma) where water is released to the atmosphere to open, whereas colder temperatures cause the openings to close. (usgs.gov)
Nearly all water absorbed by plants is passed out into the atmosphere as invisible vapor. (plant-care.com)
Fluxes, or flows, of chemical elements among different parts of the Earth: from living to non-living, from atmosphere to land to sea, from soils to plants. (globalchange.gov)
Circulation of carbon atoms through the Earth systems as a result of photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxide into complex organic compounds by plants, which are consumed by other organisms, and return of the carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide as a result of respiration, decay of organisms, and combustion of fossil fuels. (globalchange.gov)
Transpiration can be essentially stopped when plant leaves are surrounded by a water-saturated atmosphere (high relative humidity). (maximumyield.com)
For terrestrial animals and plants, a fundamental cost of living is water vapor lost to the atmosphere during exchange of metabolic gases. (pnas.org)
All terrestrial animals and plants exchange O 2 and CO 2 with the atmosphere and thereby incur costs in the currency of water vapor ( 1 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
the loss of water in the form of water vapour from a plant to the atmosphere. (scribd.com)
The main part of this water does not remain in the plant, but escapes to the atmosphere as vapour through the plant's leaves and stem. (fao.org)

Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves. (answers.com)
The diffusion and evaporation of water from the leaves produces a water deficiency in the plant, so water is automatically (if available) drawn up through the xylem tube system, so the transpiration stream is driven by this evaporation of moisture from the leaves. (docbrown.info)
its roles in providing the energy to transport water in the plant and in aiding dissipation of the sun's heat (by cooling through evaporation of water) have been challenged. (studymode.com)
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from aerial parts of plants , especially from leaves but also from stems and flowers. (studymode.com)

Under future climate change, global temperature increases, and associated increases in vapour pressure deficits, will act to increase canopy transpiration rates. (springer.com)
Dynamics of transpiration, sap flow and use of stored water in tropical forest canopy trees. (usda.gov)
We measured time courses of sap flow, hydraulic resistance, plant water potential and stomatal resistance in co-occuring tropical forest canopy trees with trunk diameters. (usda.gov)
Cienciala E, Kučera J, Lindroth A, Čermák J, Grelle A, Halldin S (1997) Canopy transpiration from a boreal forest in Sweden during a dry year. (springer.com)
Granier A, Loustau D (1994) Measuring and modelling the transpiration of a maritime pine canopy from sap-flow data. (springer.com)

Plants sit in flasks in front of a wall outside during Biology 62 lab . (claremont.edu)
Hey just wondering if anyone who knows about plant transpiration would like to help me with a year 12 Biology assignment! (biology-online.org)
The Biology of Transpiration. (plantphysiol.org)
In the past five years, there have been rapid advances at several organizational levels in the understanding the biology of transpiration, many of which have been the direct result of significant advances in the measurement of parameters associated with transpiration. (plantphysiol.org)
The driving force for this Focus Issue on the Biology of Transpiration was the recent meeting on the same topic held at Snowbird Mountain Resort in Utah. (plantphysiol.org)
This GCSE Biology quiz is all about transpiration. (educationquizzes.com)
Biology B3 2.5 Transport systems in plants. (getrevising.co.uk)
I really enjoy teaching plants to my biology students. (amybrownscience.com)
Current Topics in Plant Biology. (usda.gov)

Plants need water to grow because plants require internal water pressure to strengthen the stems and leaves, and plants need water to create energy. (reference.com)
To a lesser degree regular stems lose some water by transpiration. (plant-care.com)
Young plant stems and leaves rely on their cells being turgid to keep them rigid. (weebly.com)
The waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of the most plants. (studystack.com)

The rest of the water evaporates through the leaves in a process known as transpiration. (gardenguides.com)

This is right if you compare rates of transpiration of different numbers of leaves of the same species. (bio.net)
Consequently, transpiration processes affect the yield and survival of agricultural species, and impact on the global carbon and hydrological cycles. (plantphysiol.org)
Dissecting the mechanisms underlying transpiration efficiency in a given species has been proposed as a novel approach to attain increased transpiration efficiency without compromising biomass and photosynthesis, which is crucial for breeding programs ( Tardieu and Tuberosa, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
Traits, 26 structural and 17 functional, associated with photosynthesis and transpiration were quantified on 24 accessions (representatives of 17 species and eight genomes). (plantphysiol.org)
This is an extremely diverse group of approximately 12,000 species of plants, so divergent that in some classifications, they have been placed in four divisions (e.g. (eol.org)
One of these lineages includes only the lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts), accounting for less than 1% of vascular plant species. (eol.org)
Biologists have identified about 500,000 species of plants, although there are many undiscovered species, especially in tropical rain forests. (encyclopedia.com)
Duckweeds are tiny aquatic plants with leaves that are less than 1 millimeter in diameter, the smallest of any species of vascular plant. (encyclopedia.com)
Some plant species have a special type of photosynthesis, known as C-4 photosynthesis, and their leaves have a unique internal anatomy. (encyclopedia.com)
We determine that the two species, despite typically being categorized by ecosystem models under the same plant functional type-mid-successional, temperate broadleaf-display different hydraulic strategies. (mdpi.com)
These differences may lead to large differences between the species in water relations, transpiration and productivity under different precipitation and humidity regimes. (mdpi.com)
Model predictions were largely confirmed by data on 202 species in five taxa-insects, birds, bird eggs, mammals, and plants-spanning nine orders of magnitude in rate of gas exchange. (pnas.org)
The large number of publications cited for each category of biostimulants demonstrates that there is growing scientific evidence supporting the use of biostimulants as agricultural inputs on diverse plant species. (springer.com)
Many plant species have none on the top. (solucija.com)

and (2) upscale the measured stem-level sap flow for estimating the community-level transpiration. (mdpi.com)
However, in contrast to mosses (Bryophyta), they are vascular plants, containing vessels (xylem and phloem) to transport water and nutrients through the stem tissues. (eol.org)
Transpiration also creates a tension, or unequal pressure, in the plant that allows water to travel up the stem, against the pull of gravity, and through the branches to the leaves and flowers of the plant. (gardenguides.com)
Since I wanted to measure the amount of water lost from the leaves, I took a plastic sandwich bag and wrapped it very tightly around the beaker, and around the stem of the plant. (amybrownscience.com)
2) Wrap beaker tightly around plant, and tightly around the stem. (amybrownscience.com)
This picture shows water vapor transpired from plant leaves after a plastic bag has been tied around the stem for about an hour. (usgs.gov)
It allows for plants to efficiently transport water up to their highest body organs, regulate the temperature of stem and leaves and it allows for upstream signaling such as the dispersal of an apoplastic alkalinization during local oxidative stress. (wikipedia.org)
Leaves are connected to the stem by veins, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. (encyclopedia.com)
Lateral meristems are located along the outer sides of the stem of a plant and are responsible for thickening of the plant. (encyclopedia.com)
There are 2 types of bud, the Lateral bud which comes off the side of the stem, and the apical bud (a.k.a. the terminal bud) the bud that continues the growth of the plant from the top. (google.com)
A layer of living cells in a woody plant, such as a tree, between the bark and the wood of the stem. (ibiblio.org)
A plant that grows on the branch, stem, bark, or leaves of another plant but makes its own food. (ibiblio.org)

You are expected to know the factors that affect transpiration rate for the exams. (educationquizzes.com)

Hedrich, R. 2004-10-13 00:00:00 Inorganic and organic salts, amino acids, sugars, and phosphate esters (concentrations usually 25 mM) were fed via the transpiration stream through the petiole into detached leaves of Lepidium sativum and Solanum tuberosum. (deepdyve.com)
The phloem vessels transport sugars from the leaves (where they are made from photosynthesis) to all parts of the plant e.g. for growth of new cells or to storage tissue where they are converted to starch. (docbrown.info)
Phloem cells are living cells and the phloem tube tissues carry dissolved sugars (food) from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including the growing regions and the storage organs. (docbrown.info)
The phloem tubes mainly carry the sugars made in the leaves from photosynthesis to all parts of the plant e.g. for new growth or to the food storage organs. (docbrown.info)
Transport of minerals, movement of sugars, plant rigidity (turgor) and other major processes rely on water to function. (gardenguides.com)
The movement of nutrients, water and sugars is affected by transpiration, conduction and absorption of water. (thefullwiki.org)

The response of transpiration rate to increasing VPD was modeled as a linear response until a VPD threshold was reached, at which the slope of the response decreases, representing a range of responses to VPD observed in sorghum germplasm. (frontiersin.org)
Investigate the effect of low light and high light intensity on the rate of transpiration from leaves. (coursehero.com)
Investigate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the rate of transpiration from leaves. (coursehero.com)
How does placing a plant in a more humid location for 50 minutes affect its rate of transpiration? (studymode.com)
Dependent variable: The plant's rate of transpiration. (studymode.com)
In the night the rate of transpiration is low, hence in night water and mineral transportation takes place by root pressure. (gob.ec)
What factors will cause an increase or decrease in the rate of transpiration? (amybrownscience.com)
All masses should be compared to the control to see if the factor being tested causes an increase or decrease in the rate of transpiration. (amybrownscience.com)
Test different types of plants to see if the transpiration rate is the same in all types of plants. (amybrownscience.com)
All of the following changes would be likely to decrease the rate of transpiration at 8 A.M. A) adhesion of water molecules to cellulose. (intercultured.com)
As the relative humidity of the air surrounding the plant rises the transpiration rate falls. (usgs.gov)
Increased movement of the air around a plant will result in a higher transpiration rate. (usgs.gov)
Rate of transpiration is largely dependent upon environment. (plant-care.com)
Because of this, the transpiration rate is increased by an increase in light intensity. (weebly.com)
Most of the factors that result in a change in transpiration rate are linked to diffusion . (weebly.com)
996 words - 4 pages conducts sap is called heartwood.TransportTransport in the xylem depends on root pressure, transpiration pull, rate of transpiration, and operation of guard cells. (ostatic.com)
Plants increase this rate by transpiration. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Also, the rate and extent of water absorption will be determined by the pull of water up the xylem vessel generated by the transpiration rate. (maximumyield.com)
Čermák J, Palát M, Penka M (1976) Transpiration flow rate in a full grown tree of Prunus avium L. estimated by the method of heat balance in connection with some meteorological factors. (springer.com)
Čermák J, Ulehla J, Kučera J, Penka M (1982) Sap flow rate and transpiration determination in full grown oak (Quercus robur L.) in floodplain forest exposed to seasonal floods, as related to potential evapotranspiration and tree dimensions. (springer.com)
Recently, the transpiration rate sensor with a multi-channel hygrometer using near infrared (NIR) tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) at 1.37 µm was developed ( [21] ). (sisef.org)
The rate of assimilation of carbon in water depends on the type and quantity of plants within the water. (vernier.com)

Most of it is just common sense - anything that changes the speed of water loss to evaporation will affect transpiration - changes in temperature, humidity and the speed of the wind blowing over the leaves. (educationquizzes.com)
Control: A plant placed in a standard indoor environment, with standard room temperature, relatively consistent CO2 and light, as well as level air pressure. (studymode.com)
The amount of water lost by a plant depends on its size, along with the surrounding light intensity, temperature, humidity, and wind speed (all of which influence evaporative demand). (studymode.com)
Conditions of drought, unusual variations in temperature or other climatic changes can cause the plant to pass through the physiological equivalent of two full growing seasons in one year. (missouri.edu)
Transpiration rates are dependent on environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity and wind. (gardenguides.com)
Transpiration rates go up as the temperature goes up, especially during the growing season, when the air is warmer due to stronger sunlight and warmer air masses. (usgs.gov)
Plants will also wilt when the temperature of the rooting medium is less than the atmospheric temperature, particularly when the atmospheric demand is high. (maximumyield.com)
Maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels within an indoor growing installation is vital - too much humidity can lead to mold and mildew growth, and hot temperatures can retard plant growth. (maximumyield.com)
Some effects of temperature on transpiration. (springer.com)

What are the factors influencing transpiration? (biologydiscussion.com)

This site includes a simulator that uses a virtual potometer to show rates of transpiration. (merlot.org)

WUE was calculated as the ratio of accumulated biomass to transpiration. (ishs.org)

In large trees the daily onset of transpiration causes water to be withdrawn from internal storage compartments resulting in lags between changes in transpiration and sap flow at the base of the tree. (usda.gov)

The data for net photosynthesis and transpiration suggest that the pattern of symptom development in inoculated seedlings is different from plants experiencing an internal moisture deficit. (apsnet.org)

How does a plant absorb mineral nutrients? (docbrown.info)
If a plant is placed in a more humid location, there will be more water available to absorb, thus encouraging more transpiration within the plant. (studymode.com)
Because soils vary greatly in their capacities to absorb and retain moisture, and make it available, it is necessary to consider them as well as the plants when dealing with water relationships. (plant-care.com)
That plants absorb water is known by almost everyone. (plant-care.com)
Plants use only about 10 percent of the water they absorb for chemical reactions and to support the growth of new tissue. (sfgate.com)
Anthocyanins absorb UV light, which is used by plants to perform two important functions: to attract insects, which augment pollination, and as a "sunscreen" to protect the other parts of the plant cells such as DNA from harmful UV radiation. (vernier.com)

To control water loss, plants are covered with relatively water-impermeable surfaces that are punctuated by stomatal pores. (plantphysiol.org)
Almost all of the CO 2 fixed by terrestrial plants and most of the water transpired pass through these stomatal pores. (plantphysiol.org)
What are the tiny pores found in plant leaves? (educationquizzes.com)

Increased transpiration efficiency (the ratio of biomass to water transpired, TE) could lead to increased drought tolerance under some water deficit scenarios. (frontiersin.org)
These results suggest that genotypic variation for biomass allocation could be potentially exploited as a source for increased transpiration efficiency in sunflower breeding programmes. (frontiersin.org)
Increased transpiration efficiency (the ratio of biomass to water transpired) could then represent an interesting trait to achieve a more conservative use of water ( Tardieu and Tuberosa, 2010 ) and improving drought tolerance under some water deficit scenarios ( Tardieu, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
Targeting only increased transpiration efficiency could, however, lead to negative results in breeding programs. (frontiersin.org)
Transpiration efficiency (either intrinsic or whole-plant) depends on physiological traits of the plant and on the environment. (frontiersin.org)
Bioenergy sorghum is targeted for production in water-limited annual cropland therefore traits that improve plant water capture, water use efficiency, and resilience to water deficit are necessary to maximize productivity. (frontiersin.org)
To study the heritability and genetic variation of plant biomass, transpiration and water use efficiency (WUE) in apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh. (ishs.org)
However, determining the impact of plasma membrane-located aquaporins for whole plant or organ water transport efficiency proved difficult in this model plant because of its small size. (plantcell.org)
Plant biostimulants contain substance(s) and/or micro-organisms whose function when applied to plants or the rhizosphere is to stimulate natural processes to enhance/benefit nutrient uptake, nutrient efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress, and crop quality. (springer.com)

Respiration is the process by which energy and water stored during photosynthesis are utilized for plant growth and necessary functions. (gardenguides.com)
If too little water is stored, respiration rates will exceed that of photosynthesis and plant vigor will decline. (gardenguides.com)
We will look at how photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration work in plants and why understanding them enables you to grow better plants. (cam.ac.uk)
An Introduction To Palynology With Special Reference To A Few Families Is Also Given.Part C Deals With The Plant Water Relations, Mineral Nutrition, Plant Metabolism With Respect To Photosynthesis, Respiration And Nitrogen Metabolism Are Given. (google.ca)
[3] Air enters the plant through these openings by gaseous diffusion , and contains carbon dioxide and oxygen , which are used in photosynthesis and respiration , respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Respiration by plants and animals reduces oxygen concentrations, while the photosynthetic activity of plants increases it. (vernier.com)

Process by which sunlight is used by plants to form carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a by-product. (encyclopedia.com)
Most plants become green only when exposed to sunlight because the production of chlorophyll is light-induced. (encyclopedia.com)
They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. (wikipedia.org)
An organelle in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and changes it to an energy form that cells can use in making food. (studystack.com)

A plant undergoes transpiration primarily to access carbon-dioxide needed for photosynthesis and to cool itself. (gob.ec)
The evaporation of the water keeps the plant cool and allows carbon dioxide to enter the plant. (gardenguides.com)
After photosynthesis (the process by which a plant uses light energy, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose) occurs, water carries the glucose, or sugar, back around the plant, where it is either used for growth or stored for later, as in the case of bulb or tuber plants. (gardenguides.com)
We use theoretical calculations and modeling to show how the reduction in the vapor pressures affects transpiration and carbon assimilation rates. (osti.gov)
A compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in plants and used as a food by humans and other animals. (encyclopedia.com)
Therefore, plants cannot gain carbon dioxide without simultaneously losing water vapour. (wikipedia.org)
This exacerbates the transpiration problem for two reasons: first, RuBisCo has a relatively low affinity for carbon dioxide, and second, it fixes oxygen to RuBP, wasting energy and carbon in a process called photorespiration . (wikipedia.org)
Models for the uptake of gases (oxygen for animals and carbon dioxide for plants) and the loss of water vapor have been developed for all five groups ( 14 - 21 ). (pnas.org)
1. Cover several leaves of a potted plant with carbon paper to shut out the light. (nzdl.org)

The results indicated that during the growing season, the total actual transpiration of the Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla communities was found to be 287 ± 31 and 197 ± 24 mm, respectively, implying that the Salix gordejevii community might consume 1.5 times more water than the Caragana microphylla community. (mdpi.com)
The last stage in the transpiration stream is the water moving into the leaves, and then the actual transpiration. (wikipedia.org)

Transpiration helps in the process of photosynthesis and exchange of gases. (gob.ec)
Small structures in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and in which the process of photosynthesis takes place. (encyclopedia.com)
Plants carry on the process of photosynthesis by combining together. (solucija.com)

It also allows the plant to receive key nutrients and minerals in order to survive. (ostatic.com)
The vascular plants (or tracheophytes ) are characterized by the presence of vascular tissue ( xylem and phloem ) for structural support and for long-distance movement of water and nutrients throughout the plant body. (eol.org)
The basic minerals and nutrients a plant is composed of remain, generally, within the plant. (thefullwiki.org)
Plant tissue consisting of elongated cells that transport carbohydrates and other nutrients. (encyclopedia.com)
The plant uses water to maintain its rigidity so that it can stay upright, for transporting nutrients throughout its structure and for use in making food during photosynthesis. (sfgate.com)

The most abundant compound in all plants, as in all life, is water which serves an important role in the various processes taking place. (thefullwiki.org)
This online course covers the fundamental processes and key structures within a plant that are responsible for its growth. (cam.ac.uk)
Because it is difficult to measure evaporation and transpiration separately, the combined processes are often referred to as evapotranspiration. (crd.bc.ca)

Simulation results indicated that the VPD-limited transpiration trait is most beneficial in hot and dry regions of production where crops are exposed to extended periods without rainfall during the season or to a terminal drought. (frontiersin.org)
in addition, thick M cell walls may be beneficial for plant drought tolerance. (plantphysiol.org)

AND the mechanisms of movement, in terms of water potential, adhesion, cohesion and the transpiration stream. (ocr.org.uk)

3) One plant will be placed inside a plastic bag that had previously been spritzed with water (high humidity inside the bag). (amybrownscience.com)
The plant is still transpiring, but without the extra amount of light, without the fan, and without the added humidity. (amybrownscience.com)
Humidity: Less water is lost from the plant when the humidity of the air surrounding the plant is high. (amybrownscience.com)

Water flows in and out of plant cells through a process called osmosis. (gardenguides.com)

Vascular plants (also known as tracheophytes or higher plants ) are those plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water , minerals, and photosynthetic products through the plant. (thefullwiki.org)
Algae (singular Alga): A simple and primitive group of photosynthetic organisms formerly placed in the Plant Kingdom but now put in Kingdom Protista. (ibiblio.org)
A green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria. (studystack.com)

We considered observations ranging from short-term laboratory-based experiments with plants grown under different CO 2 concentrations to studies of plants exposed to the naturally increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. (springer.com)

Plants contain a vast network of conduits which consist of xylem and phloem. (intercultured.com)

Advantages of transpiration: It helps in the exchange of gases. (gob.ec)
The guard cell allows the exchange of gases by its opening and closing activity and controls the water flow during transpiration. (gob.ec)
The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. (intercultured.com)

When the plant loses too much water or water in the environment becomes less plentiful, the guard cells deflate, closing the stoma and preventing further water loss or gas exchange. (sparknotes.com)

This work indicates that the productivity and resilience of bioenergy sorghum grown in water-limited environments could be further enhanced by development of genotypes with optimized VPD-limited transpiration traits and deployment of these crops in water limited growing environments. (frontiersin.org)
To investigate the robustness of the method across environments, and to determine the shortest trial duration required to get accurate and repeatable TE estimates in wheat, plants from 11 genotypes varying in phenology were sown at three dates and grown for different durations in a polyhouse with partial environmental control. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicate that (1) the Pot-In-Bucket system is suitable to screen TE for breeding purposes in populations with varying phenology, (2) multiple short trials can be carried out within a season to allow increased throughput of genotypes for TE screening, and (3) root biomass measurement is not required to screen for TE, as whole-plant TE and shoot-only TE are highly correlated, at least in wheat. (biomedcentral.com)

The xylem vessels transport water and minerals from the root hairs to all the rest of plant i.e. to very tips of the leaves. (docbrown.info)
Two types of cells in the xylem, tracheids and vessels, form tubes that allow water to move up the plant. (reference.com)
Tracheids are found in all vascular plants, but vessels are only found in flowering plants. (reference.com)
The next stage in the transpiration stream is water passing into the xylem vessels. (wikipedia.org)
Group of plants having lignified conducting tissue (xylem vessels or tracheids). (thefullwiki.org)

Using these empirical observations of plant responses, and a set of well-tested biophysical relationships, we then estimated the net effect of the opposing influences of warming and CO 2 concentration on transpiration rates. (springer.com)
The cited literature also reveals some commonalities in plant responses to different biostimulants, such as increased root growth, enhanced nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance. (springer.com)
Bunce JA (1996) Does transpiration control stomatal responses to water vapour pressure deficit? (springer.com)

Botanists identify plants according to key characteristics such as the area in which the plant is growing, the shape of the plant's leaves, the type of bar. (reference.com)

It is driven by capillary action and in some plants by root pressure. (wikipedia.org)

Plants can increase their water uptake by having. (educationquizzes.com)

The relationships among the major groups of vascular plants have become clearer in recent years. (eol.org)
Investigations into the origin and evolution of the major groups of vascular plants indicate that there is a deep division of the vascular plants into two lineages. (eol.org)
Vascular plants include the ferns , clubmosses , flowering plants , conifers and other gymnosperms . (thefullwiki.org)
Vascular plants have vascular tissues , which circulate resources through the plant. (thefullwiki.org)
In vascular plants, the principal generation phase is the sporophyte , which is usually diploid with two sets of chromosomes per cell. (thefullwiki.org)
By contrast, the principal generation phase in non-vascular plants is usually the gametophyte , which is haploid with one set of chromosomes per cell. (thefullwiki.org)
A proposed phylogeny of the vascular plants after Kenrick and Crane [ 4 ] is as follows, with modification to the Pteridophyta from Smith et al. (thefullwiki.org)
Within the Plant Kindgom, primitive vascular plants of the division Lycophyta. (ibiblio.org)
These plants are not true mosses (which lack vascular tissue). (ibiblio.org)
Vascular woody plants that bear their seeds in cones. (ibiblio.org)
and the vascular system (particularly the water-conducting element of the vascular system, the xylem) is only weakly developed since the water provides much of the mechanical support to the plant normally provided by the xylem. (britannica.com)
The leaves generally become large and thin, and the reduction or loss of cuticle, vascular tissue, and ground tissue (mesophyll) permits the rapid loss of water vapour (transpiration). (britannica.com)

Stomatal and cuticular transpiration of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris M.) attacked by rust ( Uromyces appendiculatus [Pers. (springer.com)
The changes of stomatal and cuticular transpiration of bean plants were investigated by graphical transpiration curves method ( Slavík 1958). (springer.com)
The higher share of cuticular transpiration brings extensive water relations to the diseased plants. (springer.com)
Graphical determination of the intensity of stomatal and cuticular transpiration in plants. (springer.com)

The minerals that a plant needs are carried through it dissolved in water that has come from the ground. (educationquizzes.com)
How does a plant transport minerals around in itself? (docbrown.info)
This is an eloquently simple and straightforward simulation to show the importance of minerals in plant nutrition. (merlot.org)
The water molecules in the plant carry minerals to every part of the plant. (gardenguides.com)
Minerals actually enter a plant through the root hairs, separately from water molecules, which enter through the epidermis of the root. (gardenguides.com)
These minerals usually have some element that the plant requires, usually in small amounts to produce the various features of the plant (i.e. flowers, fruits. (google.com)

While water was lost by transpiration, solutes did not accumulate in the apoplast. (deepdyve.com)

As a plant grows, it undergoes developmental changes. (encyclopedia.com)

These findings highlight a promising strategy for developing remote sensing methods to potentially characterize transpiration at broad scales. (sisef.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs3

Phenomena and Processes8

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care1

Geographicals1

Gas exchange by pods and subtending leaves and internal recycling of CO(2) by pods of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subjected to water deficits. (1/373)

Leaf ureide degradation and N(2) fixation tolerance to water deficit in soybean. (2/373)

Identification of causal relationships among traits related to drought resistance in Stylosanthes scabra using QTL analysis. (3/373)

Abscisic acid induces a decline in nitrogen fixation that involves leghaemoglobin, but is independent of sucrose synthase activity. (4/373)

Acclimation of plants to light gradients in leaf canopies: evidence for a possible role for cytokinins transported in the transpiration stream. (5/373)

Distribution and mobility of aluminium in an Al-accumulating plant, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (6/373)

Boron supply into wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wilgoyne) ears whilst still enclosed within leaf sheaths. (7/373)

Transpiration rate. An important factor controlling the sucrose content of the guard cell apoplast of broad bean. (8/373)

Plant Transpiration

Plant Leaves

Plant Stomata

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plant Roots

Xylem

Water

Plant Proteins

Plant Shoots

Acer

Plant Stems

Vapor Pressure

Genes, Plant

Plant Epidermis

Xanthium

Photosynthesis

Droughts

Phaseolus

Fabaceae

Plants, Medicinal

Light

Gene Pool

Missouri

Sunlight

Pesticides

Epidermis

Gas exchange by pods and subtending leaves and internal recycling of CO(2) by pods of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) subjected to water deficits. (1/373)

Leaf ureide degradation and N(2) fixation tolerance to water deficit in soybean. (2/373)

Identification of causal relationships among traits related to drought resistance in Stylosanthes scabra using QTL analysis. (3/373)

Abscisic acid induces a decline in nitrogen fixation that involves leghaemoglobin, but is independent of sucrose synthase activity. (4/373)

Acclimation of plants to light gradients in leaf canopies: evidence for a possible role for cytokinins transported in the transpiration stream. (5/373)

Distribution and mobility of aluminium in an Al-accumulating plant, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (6/373)

Boron supply into wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wilgoyne) ears whilst still enclosed within leaf sheaths. (7/373)

Transpiration rate. An important factor controlling the sucrose content of the guard cell apoplast of broad bean. (8/373)

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