Plant structures. Medical search

The parts of plants, including SEEDS.

Animal searching behavior. The variable introductory phase of an instinctive behavior pattern or sequence, e.g., looking for food, or sequential courtship patterns prior to mating.

A large order of insects comprising the butterflies and moths.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

Basic functional unit of plants.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Material prepared from plants.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

The act of feeding on plants by animals.

Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Physiological functions characteristic of plants.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.

Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

The reproductive cells of plants.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.

Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.

The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Oils derived from plants or plant products.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.

A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of higher plants. The species is a major research tool in biotechnology.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.

Plant hormones that promote the separation of daughter cells after mitotic division of a parent cell. Frequently they are purine derivatives.

A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.

Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).

The physical distribution of plants in various forms and stages of development through time and space.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.

A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.

A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae) that contains ECDYSTEROIDS and is an ingredient of Siotone. The shoots are used as a vegetable and the roots are used in FOLK MEDICINE.

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

The study of the actions and properties of medicinal agents, often derived from PLANTS, indigenous to populations or ETHNIC GROUPS.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.

A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.

A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.

A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.

Higher plants that live primarily in terrestrial habitats, although some are secondarily aquatic. Most obtain their energy from PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They comprise the vascular and non-vascular plants.

Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Plant proteins that mediate LIGHT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They are involved in PHOTOTROPISM and other light adaption responses during plant growth and development . They include the phototropins, phytochromes (PHYTOCHROME), and members of the ubiquitous cryptochrome family.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members contain OXALIC ACID and calcium oxalate (OXALATES).

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.

Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.

The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.

The absence of light.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A plant species of the genus VICIA, family FABACEAE. The edible beans are well known but they cause FAVISM in some individuals with GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY. This plant contains vicine, convicine, Vicia lectins, unknown seed protein, AAP2 transport protein, and Vicia faba DNA-binding protein 1.

Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. Members contain bilobetin. The rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with CRATEROSTIGMA.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into other families such as Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae, which have inferior ovaries, includes CRINUM; GALANTHUS; LYCORIS; and NARCISSUS and are known for AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS.

Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.

The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

HUA1 and HUA2 are two members of the floral homeotic AGAMOUS pathway. (1/565)

The identities of the four floral organ types in an Arabidopsis flower are specified by the combinatorial activities of the floral homeotic A, B, and C function genes; AGAMOUS is the only known C function gene. We have identified two genes that interact with AG in the specification of floral structure, HUA1 and HUA2, from a screen for enhancers of a weak ag allele, ag-4. HUA1 and HUA2 are involved in all aspects of AG function. HUA2 encodes a novel protein that contains nuclear localization signals and signature motifs that suggest HUA2, like AG, may be a transcription factor. Molecular analyses suggest that HUA2 (and possibly HUA1) acts to facilitate AG action at the same hierarchical level as AG. (+info)

Rac homologues and compartmentalized phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate act in a common pathway to regulate polar pollen tube growth. (2/565)

Pollen tube cells elongate based on actin- dependent targeted secretion at the tip. Rho family small GTPases have been implicated in the regulation of related processes in animal and yeast cells. We have functionally characterized Rac type Rho family proteins that are expressed in growing pollen tubes. Expression of dominant negative Rac inhibited pollen tube elongation, whereas expression of constitutive active Rac induced depolarized growth. Pollen tube Rac was found to accumulate at the tip plasma membrane and to physically associate with a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate kinase (PtdIns P-K) activity. Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns 4, 5-P2), the product of PtdIns P-Ks, showed a similar intracellular localization as Rac. Expression of the pleckstrin homology (PH)-domain of phospholipase C (PLC)-delta1, which binds specifically to PtdIns 4, 5-P2, inhibited pollen tube elongation. These results indicate that Rac and PtdIns 4, 5-P2 act in a common pathway to control polar pollen tube growth and provide direct evidence for a function of PtdIns 4, 5-P2 compartmentalization in the regulation of this process. (+info)

Phloem transport: Are you chaperoned? (3/565)

Long-distance transport via the vasculature in plants is critical for nutrient dissemination, as well as transport of growth regulatory molecules such as hormones. Evidence is now accumulating that protein and RNA molecules also use this transport pathway, possibly to regulate developmental and physiological processes. (+info)

The Arabidopsis FILAMENTOUS FLOWER gene is required for flower formation. (4/565)

A screen for mutations affecting flower formation was carried out and several filamentous flower (fil) alleles were identified. In fil mutants, floral primordia occasionally give rise to pedicels lacking flowers at their ends. This defect is dramatically enhanced in fil rev double mutants, in which every floral primordium produces a flowerless pedicel. These data suggest that the FIL and REV genes are required for an early step of flower formation, possibly for the establishment of a flower-forming domain within the floral primordium. The FIL gene is also required for establishment of floral meristem identity and for flower development. During flower development, the FIL gene is required for floral organ formation in terms of the correct numbers and positions; correct spatial activity of the AGAMOUS, APETALA3, PISTILLATA and SUPERMAN genes; and floral organ development. (+info)

Polyadenylation accelerates the degradation of the mitochondrial mRNA associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower. (5/565)

In sunflower, PET1-cytoplasmic male sterility is correlated with the presence of a novel mitochondrial gene (orf522) located 3' to the atpA gene. The dicistronic atpA-orf522 transcripts are preferentially destabilized in male florets of 'restored to fertility' plants as compared with sterile plants. In this report, we show that atpA-orf522 transcripts may be polyadenylated in vivo at their 3' termini and that a tissue-specific increase in the level of polyadenylated atpA-orf522 transcripts correlates with the tissue-specific instability of atpA-orf522 mRNAs in male florets of the restored hybrid plants. In addition, we have identified two distinct ribonuclease activities in sunflower mitochondria, one of which preferentially degrades polyadenylated as compared with non-polyadenylated RNA substrates corresponding to the 3' UTR of atpA-orf522 transcripts. These in vivo and in vitro results show that polyadenylation is involved in the degradation pathway of the mitochondrial atpA-orf522 transcripts and that polyadenylation can be developmentally regulated by a nuclear gene(s) upon restoration of fertility. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of a novel Mg(2+)/H(+) exchanger. (6/565)

Cellular functions require adequate homeostasis of several divalent metal cations, including Mg(2+) and Zn(2+). Mg(2+), the most abundant free divalent cytoplasmic cation, is essential for many enzymatic reactions, while Zn(2+) is a structural constituent of various enzymes. Multicellular organisms have to balance not only the intake of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+), but also the distribution of these ions to various organs. To date, genes encoding Mg(2+) transport proteins have not been cloned from any multicellular organism. We report here the cloning and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana transporter, designated AtMHX, which is localized in the vacuolar membrane and functions as an electrogenic exchanger of protons with Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) ions. Functional homologs of AtMHX have not been cloned from any organism. Ectopic overexpression of AtMHX in transgenic tobacco plants render them sensitive to growth on media containing elevated levels of Mg(2+) or Zn(2+), but does not affect the total amounts of these minerals in shoots of the transgenic plants. AtMHX mRNA is mainly found at the vascular cylinder, and a large proportion of the mRNA is localized in close association with the xylem tracheary elements. This localization suggests that AtMHX may control the partitioning of Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) between the various plant organs. (+info)

PLENA and FARINELLI: redundancy and regulatory interactions between two Antirrhinum MADS-box factors controlling flower development. (7/565)

We report the discovery of an Antirrhinum MADS-box gene, FARINELLI (FAR), and the isolation of far mutants by a reverse genetic screen. Despite striking similarities between FAR and the class C MADS-box gene PLENA (PLE), the phenotypes of their respective mutants are dramatically different. Unlike ple mutants, which show homeotic conversion of reproductive organs to perianth organs and a loss of floral determinacy, far mutants have normal flowers which are partially male-sterile. Expression studies of PLE and FAR, in wild-type and mutant backgrounds, show complex interactions between the two genes. Double mutant analysis reveals an unexpected, redundant negative control over the B-function MADS-box genes. This feature of the two Antirrhinum C-function-like genes is markedly different from the control of the inner boundary of the B-function expression domain in Arabidopsis, and we propose and discuss a model to account for these differences. The difference in phenotypes of mutants in two highly related genes illustrates the importance of the position within the regulatory network in determining gene function. (+info)

Transcriptional activation of APETALA1 by LEAFY. (8/565)

Plants produce new appendages reiteratively from groups of stem cells called shoot apical meristems. LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) are pivotal for the switch to the reproductive phase, where instead of leaves the shoot apical meristem produces flowers. Use of steroid-inducible activation of LFY demonstrated that early expression of AP1 is a result of transcriptional induction by LFY. This AP1 induction is independent of protein synthesis and occurs specifically in the tissues and at the developmental stage in which floral fate is assumed. Later expression of AP1 appears to be only indirectly affected by LFY. (+info)

Structure and Movement". Cilia and Flagella: Structure and Movement. ISBN 0-7167-3136-3. Pazour GJ (October 2004). " ... flagella) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of ... Other structures, more uncommon, are the paraflagellar (or paraxial, paraxonemal) rod, the R fiber, and the S fiber.: 63-84 For ... However, it has also been suggested that the flagellum may have evolved first or the two structures evolved in parallel. Early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellum

28.7 Residential structures. . . . . . . $12.4 Nonresidential plant & equipment . $11.8 Inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . $ ... Structures and equipment . . . . . . $5.6 Federally owned or financed . . . $2.2 Federally owned . . . . . . . . . . .$1.0 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_formation

Structure. 5 (3): 403-14. doi:10.1016/s0969-2126(97)00197-4. PMID 9083109. Li X, Su RT, Hsu HT, Sze H (January 1998). "The ... molecular chaperone calnexin associates with the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase from oat seedlings". The Plant Cell. 10 (1): 119-30. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-chaperonin_molecular_chaperone_ATPase

Gutzeit, Herwig (2014). Plant Natural Products: Synthesis, Biological Functions and Practical Applications. Wiley. pp. 19-21. ... Inuzuka, Kozo (1961). "π Electronic structure of cinnamaldehyde". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 34 (11): 1557-60. ... Li, Zhi; Nair, Satish K. (2015-11-03). "Structural Basis for Specificity and Flexibility in a Plant 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase". ... Koukol, J.; Conn, E. E. (1961-10-01). "The metabolism of aromatic compounds in higher plants. IV. Purification and properties ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde

The Plant Cell. 19 (2): 656-72. doi:10.1105/tpc.106.045351. PMC 1867334. PMID 17307930. Kerfeld CA (2004). "Structure and ... "The crystal structure of a cyanobacterial water-soluble carotenoid binding protein". Structure. 11 (1): 55-65. doi:10.1016/ ... The Plant Cell. 18 (4): 992-1007. doi:10.1105/tpc.105.040121. PMC 1425857. PMID 16531492. Wilson A, Boulay C, Wilde A, Kerfeld ... The Plant Cell. 24 (5): 1972-83. doi:10.1105/tpc.112.096909. PMC 3442581. PMID 22634762. This article incorporates text from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_carotenoid_N-terminal_domain

First, antibodies with high specificities for plant SPS also target the bacterial SPS, indicating the structure is conserved ... various studies indicate that the structure of its SPS is similar to plant SPS. ... Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 47: 431-444. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.473.6911. doi:10.1146/annurev. ... and Bonpl". Plant Physiology. 95 (2): 623-7. doi:10.1104/pp.95.2.623. PMC 1077577. PMID 16668028. Guy CL, Huber JL, Huber SC ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose-phosphate_synthase

Faik, Ahmed (2013), "Plant Cell Wall Structure-Pretreatment" the Critical Relationship in Biomass Conversion to Fermentable ... they help plants to defend against herbivores and pathogens (biotic stress). Xylan also plays a significant role in plant ... How Plants Make Cellulose and Other (1→4)-β-d-Glycans". Plant Physiology. 155 (1): 171-184. doi:10.1104/pp.110.163360. ISSN ... Given that plants contain a up to 30% xylan, xylanase is important to the nutrient cycle. The degradation of xylan and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylan

No plant or structures remain. Wenlock Goldfield was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 March 2006 having ... Larsen's Consolidated plant, to the north, is located alongside a large tailings dam site over Tunnel Creek. The area of mill ... The Peninsula Mines Limited was using an oil engine driven boring plant. By 1935 the yield was 1,326 ounces of gold (more than ... Surviving plant at the site includes: One-cylinder portable steam engine - Marshall Sons & Co. Gainsborough & London. One- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenlock_Goldfield

The pungency of those plants is due to mustard oils produced from glucosinolates when the plant material is chewed, cut, or ... Agerbirk N, Olsen CE (May 2012). "Glucosinolate structures in evolution". Phytochemistry. 77: 16-45. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem. ... This diverse panel of biochemical solutions to the same plant chemical plays a key role in the evolution of plant-insect ... Plant Molecular Biology. 63 (1): 49-61. doi:10.1007/s11103-006-9071-5. PMID 17139450. S2CID 22955134. "Plants Poisonous to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosinolate

As such, one element of the contract is that the final assembly of the trains will take place in the US, at their plant in Salt ... Structures (RTS). Simmons-Boardman Publishing. June 5, 2015. "TEX Rail Set To Become Reality, But…". CBS DFW. June 28, 2016. "D ... http://www.sltrib.com/news/business/2017/10/13/stadler-breaks-ground-on-railcar-manufacturing-plant-expected-to-employ-1000-in- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEXRail

The CC-type GRXs are only found in higher plants. In Arabidopsis GRXs are involved in flower development and Salicylic acid ... Foloppe N, Nilsson L (February 2004). "The glutaredoxin -C-P-Y-C- motif: influence of peripheral residues". Structure. 12 (2): ... Beside their function in antioxidant defense, bacterial and plant GRX were shown to bind iron-sulfur clusters and to deliver ... Approximately 30 GRX isoforms are described in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and 48 in Oryza sativa L. According to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaredoxin

Plants also show asymmetry. For example the direction of helical growth in Arabidopsis, the most commonly studied model plant, ... In a region of the embryo referred to as the node there are small hair-like structures (monocilia) which all rotate together in ... Early flowering plants had radially symmetric flowers but since then many plants have evolved bilaterally symmetrical flowers. ... In addition to animals, the flowers of some plants also show bilateral symmetry. Such plants are referred to as zygomorphic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology

... the Volgograd Aluminum Plant, the Volkhov Aluminum Plant, and the Pikalevo Alumina Plant. These were sold in 2006 to SUAL, now ... "Group structure". Retrieved January 31, 2015. "Solway Finance Ltd". www.moneytometal.org. Retrieved January 31, 2015. " ... Pobuzhskiy Ferronickel Plant (PFP) in Ukraine. The plant was built in 1964 in the Soviet Union. It had been idle for 3 years ... Steel: The Red October Steel Plant in Volgograd was acquired in 1999 from creditors in bankruptcy. The plant was restarted and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solway_Group

Flower structure. Close up of flower structure with flowers (male flowers are white, female green). Mature flower structure ... Shinde, D.N.; Pawar, B.R.; Patil, M.S. "Dorstenia indica Wight (Moraceae): A new plant record for Maharashtra", The Journal of ... Flower structure and leaves. Leaves. Stem and flower structure . Clump growing between the roots of a Ficus on a granite cliff ... Shinde, D.N.; Pawar, B.R.; Patil, M.S. "Dorstenia indica Wight (Moraceae): A new plant record for Maharashtra", The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorstenia_indica

"RHS Plant Selector - Platanus × hispanica". Retrieved 6 February 2021. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural ... Poor structure. Being abandoned in California. A house finch eating London plane seeds in Seattle Single seed ball per stem: ... Plant nothospecies, Ornamental trees, Plants described in 1789, Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow). ... It was planted extensively in Victorian times to weather the pollution of London. It is now extensively cultivated in most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platanus_×_acerifolia

"Ownership Structure". About. Sydney Desalination Plant Pty Ltd. 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2014. "NSW signs $2.3b desalination ... In 2012, the NSW Government entered into a 50-year lease with Sydney Desalination Plant Pty Ltd (DSP), a company jointly owned ... In early 2010 operations of the Sydney Desalination Plant began; with a licence granted to Veolia Water Australia Pty Ltd to ... "Sydney's desal plant switched on". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. 28 January 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Water

How to Buy Plants How to select and bed plants. Starting Seeds Indoors Making potting soil, soil blocks; indoor seedlings; ... Garden Structures Trellis; cold-frame box; containers. Gardening With Children Projects for children. Growing Herbs Herb ... Plants that Heal Herbalist; plants with healing properties; salves; teas. Finding Fertilizers Organic waste; enriching soil; ... Indoor Plants Developing healthy indoor plants. Natural Landscaping Techniques Natural looking landscape; landscaping mistakes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening_Naturally

Ohrnberger, Klaus H.; Marzotto, Tito R. (August 2016). "Transforming a Historic Auto Plant" (PDF). Structure. (1920 ... Based in Hamilton, Ontario, the firm is responsible for notable structures in the city and elsewhere, (e.g. McLaughlin Motor ... Ontario Chrysler Power Plant, constructed during the period of 1928 to 1935 Hotel Norton Palmer, built 1930 Windsor Assembly ... Plant, constructed for General Motors in 1928 Hill, Robert G. (2016). "Souter, William Russell". Biographical Dictionary of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutton_&_Souter

... in plant tissues". Plant and Soil. 20: 105-115. doi:10.1007/BF01378102. S2CID 9873911. "Hemochromatosis: Monitoring and ... V. Structures Containing the [Fe(C10H12N2O8)(H2O)]− Anion". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 40 (4): 635-638. doi:10.1107/ ... "The effect of iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the growth and metabolism of tomato plants in water culture". Plant and ... In horticulture, iron chelate is often referred to as 'sequestered iron' and is used as a plant tonic, often mixed with other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferric_EDTA

Plant Relations (1899; third revision, 1910) Plant Structures (1899; second edition, 1904) Morphology of Spermatophytes (1901) ... International Plant Names Index. J.M.Coult. IMA Living Rocks of New Mexico Works by John Merle Coulter at Project Gutenberg ... 1925-1928 Dean and adviser of the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research in Yonkers, New York, a position he held until ... Admirers Planned Honor; He Had Been Scientific Adviser of Thompson Institute for Plant Research Recently". New York Times. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Merle_Coulter

"Photosynthetic Molecules Section." Library of 3-D Molecular Structures. 22 April 2007 Xiong, Ling, and Richard Sayre. "The ... in plants, and the type II photosynthetic reaction center (RC P870) found in purple bacteria. In both PS II and RC P870, light ... America Society of Plant Biologists. 22 Apr. 2007. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pheophytin Merriam-Webster Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheophytin

Shewry, PR; Napier, JA; Tatham, AS (1995). "Seed storage proteins: Structures and biosynthesis". The Plant Cell. 7 (7): 945-56 ... Muramatsu, Masayoshi; Fukazawa, Chikafusa (1993). "A high-order structure of plant storage proprotein allows its second ... However, Julian's plant must have also been the source of the "soy protein isolate" which Ford's Robert Boyer and Frank Calvert ... The plant's eventual daily output of 40 tons of soy protein isolate made the Soya Products Division into Glidden's most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_protein

Structure Magazine. February 2012. Bausbacher, Ed (1993). Process Plant Layout and Piping Design. New Jersey: PTR Prentice-Hall ... chemical and power plants. Occasionally, pipe racks may also support mechanical equipment, vessels and valve access platforms. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_rack

Some larvae start off as parasitoids, but convert at a later stage to consuming the plant tissues that their host is feeding on ... Arthropod Structure & Development. 31 (2): 103-120. doi:10.1016/s1467-8039(02)00025-7. PMID 18088974. Hoell, H.V.; Doyen, J.T ... All species of social wasps construct their nests using some form of plant fiber (mostly wood pulp) as the primary material, ... In other species, the eggs are laid directly into plant tissues and form galls, which protect the developing larvae from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasp

Krenn, Harald W.; Plant, John D.; Szucsich, Nikolaus U. (2005). "Mouthparts of flower-visiting insects". Arthropod Structure & ... and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: a global survey". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics ... About 7,600 plant species of angiosperms use C4 carbon fixation, with many monocots including 46% of grasses such as maize and ... "Plant and Animal Evolution". University of Waikato. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017. Ben ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_evolution

Krenn, H.W., H; Volker Mauss; John Plant (2002). "Evolution of the suctorial proboscis in pollen wasps". Arthropod Structure & ... Arthropod Structure & Development. 34 (4): 397-406. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.02.002. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suctorial

The study of genome structures of the genus has contributed to the life-history dependent dimorphism of Cryptomonas, which is ... Plant Physiology. 84 (1): 178-181. doi:10.1104/pp.84.1.178. ISSN 0032-0889. PMC 1056548. PMID 16665394. "Taxonomy Browser :: ... Chapman, David J.; Cole, W. J.; Siegelman, Harold W. (1967-11-01). "Structure of phycoerythrobilin". Journal of the American ... Roberts, Keith R. (1984-12-01). "Structure and Significance of the Cryptomonad Flagellar Apparatus. I. Cryptomonas Ovata ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomonas

These cultivated plants lack seed dormancy because of generations of selective pressure by plant breeders and gardeners that ... Specialised structures, which function as a "water-gap", are associated with the impermeable layers of the seed to prevent the ... Many species of plants have seeds that delay germination for many months or years, and some seeds can remain in the soil seed ... Many garden plants have seeds that will germinate readily as soon as they have water and are warm enough, though their wild ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed_dormancy

Plant Nematology. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 29. ISBN 9788189866617. Hooper, John (2018). "Structure of Sponges". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploblasty

In the few plants that exploit structural coloration, brilliant colours are produced by structures within cells. The most ... Structural coloration in animals, and a few plants, is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine ... Structures can be far more elaborate than a single thin film: films can be stacked up to give strong iridescence, to combine ... The structure behaves optically as if it consisted of a stack of 88 diffraction gratings, making Aphrodita one of the most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_coloration

This herbal plant was grown by Native Americans to treat swelling in the body. In the 17th century, it was introduced to Europe ... 1984). "Determination of the structure of cholesterol inhibitor II isolated from high-protein barley flour (HPBF)". Fed. Proc. ... the exact chemical structure was characterized by Riley.[1] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Linolenic_acid

The word cormous usually means plants that grow from corms, parallel to the terms tuberous and bulbous to describe plants ... Corms are stems that are internally structured with solid tissues, which distinguishes them from bulbs, which are mostly made ... Corms can be dug up and used to propagate or redistribute the plant (see, for example, taro). Plants with corms generally can ... but they generally miss several cormels that remain in the soil to replace the consumed plant. Plants such as Homeria, Watsonia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corm

In 2019 NJDEP filed lawsuits against the owners of two plants that had manufactured PFASs, and two plants that were cited for ... "PFAS structures in DSSTox (update August 2021)". CompTox Chemicals Dashboard. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection ... "Fluorosurfactant - Structure / Function". Mason Chemical Company. 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved ... CS1 maint: url-status (link) "List consists of all DTXSID records with a structure assigned, and using a set of substructural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

"The Arabidopsis Book / American Society of Plant Biologists. Vol. 9. doi:10.1199/tab.0153. ISSN 1543-8120. PMC 3268509. PMID ... "Structure, mechanism, and regulation of the chloroplast ATP synthase". Science (angleščina). Vol. 360 no. 6389. doi:10.1126/ ... "Plant Molecular Biology. Vol. 82 no. 1-2. str. 181-192. doi:10.1007/s11103-013-0053-0. PMID 23564360.. CS1 vzdrževanje: Date ... Raven, Peter H.; Eichhorn, Susan E. (2005). Biology of plants (7th ed izd.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. ISBN 0-7167-1007-2 ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktivni_transport

The AP1 was manufactured until 2003 at Honda's Takanezawa plant, alongside the NSX and Insight hybrid.[11]. ... "Honda Introduces - a New Open Car Body Structure - Providing the Rigidity and Collision Safety of a Non-Convertible". Honda ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_S2000

... dividing plant geography between taxonomists who studied plants as taxa and geographers who studied plants as vegetation.[13] ... Succession is the relatively gradual change in structure and taxonomic composition that arises as the vegetation itself ... "Terrestrial Plant Ecology". Menlo Park: Benjamin Cummings, 1987.. *Box, E. O. 1981. Macroclimate and Plant Forms: An ... These maps show a scale, or index of greenness, based on several factors: the number and type of plants, leafiness, and plant ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetation

Structure of glycolysis components in Fischer projections and polygonal model[edit]. The intermediates of glycolysis depicted ... Double lines: pathways not in humans (occurs in e.g. plants, fungi, prokaryotes). Orange nodes: carbohydrate metabolism. Violet ... The change in structure is an isomerization, in which the G6P has been converted to F6P. The reaction requires an enzyme, ... Glycolysis - Structure of anaerobic glycolysis components showed using Fischer projections, left, and polygonal model, right. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

By the side of the house was an enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants; wheat and probably other cereals were sown ... The original pyramidal structure, the "Anu Ziggurat" dates to around 4000 BC, and the White Temple was built on top of it c. ... Margarethe Uepermann (2007), "Structuring the Late Stone Age of Southeastern Arabia" (Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy Arabian ... Sumerian structures were made of plano-convex mudbrick, not fixed with mortar or cement. Mud-brick buildings eventually ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer

... "consciously attack the structures supporting the COP15". Per Larsen, the chief coordinating officer for the Copenhagen police ... Plant biodiversity. *Marine life. *Terrestrial animals. *Birds. *Extinction risk from climate change ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference?rdfrom=http://opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=COP-15&redirect=no

In plants, the first step in de novo biosynthesis of choline is the decarboxylation of serine into ethanolamine, which is ... Thus, Bayer was the first to resolve the structure of choline.[55][56][49] The compound now known as neurine is unrelated to ... "Plant Physiology. 100 (3): 1527-35. doi:10.1104/pp.100.3.1527. PMC 1075815. PMID 16653153.. ... which can influence the structure and organization of brain regions, neurogenesis, myelination, and synapse formation. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline

... was blown up in mid-air by a suitcase-bomb planted by Babbar Khalsa terrorists allegedly as revenge for the Indian Government's ... Further information: Air India structure. Current. Further information: Air India Regional and Air India Express ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_India

It was a plant with a mixture of characteristics not seen in any living plant, a link between true gymnosperms and ferns. ... He called the wood Callixylon, though he did not find any structures other than the trunk. The similarity to conifer wood was ... The plant had nodal zones that would have been important sites for the subsequent development of lateral roots and branches. ... This is thought to represent an early step in the evolution of vascular plants towards reproduction by seeds,[4] which first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeopteris

In the municipality of Paez, these plant formations develop in dry climates with an annual average temperature of 28 °C (82.4 ° ... it regulates the structure and function of the government of Zulia. Like all Venezuelan State Constitutions, it is subject to ... These plant formations are located above the western coast, in the municipalities Paez, Mara, Maracaibo, Jesus Enrique Lossada ... allows the existence of a great diversity of landscapes plants which, according to Huber's classification, can be grouped into ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulia

Alternate plant life Physicists have noted that, although photosynthesis on Earth generally involves green plants, a variety of ... thus allowing it to take on more complex forms and potentially form structures similar to the RNA and DNA structures found ... Physicists have noted that, although photosynthesis on Earth generally involves green plants, a variety of other-colored plants ... These studies indicate that blue plants would be unlikely; however yellow or red plants may be relatively common.[82] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-organic_life

Further planting, particularly of ornamental conifers, was added at the end of the 19th century. In the 1930s a rock garden was ... Forbes purchased the partially completed structure from the impoverished Mortimer family in the year 1610. He arranged for the ... and the contrast of its massive lower storey structure to the finely sculpted multiple turrets, gargoyles and high corbelling ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craigievar_Castle

Melvin T. Tyree (2003). Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap (2nd ed.). Springer. ISBN 3-540-43354-6. .. Unknown parameter , ... Kenrick, Paul (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian ... C. Wei (2001). "The essentials of direct xylem pressure measurement". Plant, Cell and Environment. 24 (5): 549-555. doi:10.1046 ... Muhammad, A.F. (1982). "Vessel Structure of Gnetum and the Origin of Angiosperms". American Journal of Botany. Botanical ...

https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem

It was reported that 100 percent of Grand Isle's structures were damaged, and around 40-50 percent of structures were ... Other tours are offered that guide visitors through the chenier forests and teach them about the native plants found on the ... The Gustav surge that washed over the island caused less damage than Katrina, in part due to the most vulnerable structures ... In response the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, the Coalition and the National Wildlife Foundation organized the planting of more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Isle,_Louisiana

১] Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and ... "The Structure, Distribution, and Biomass of the World's Forests" (PDF)। Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.। 44: 593-62। ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/বন

The most notable structures are theatres, banks, department stores and other public buildings dating from the turn of the 20th ... These large historic buildings - formerly part of the Karolina coking plant - have been transformed by the architect Josef ... environmental problems currently facing the city concerns the oil lagoons at the site of the former Ostramo chemical plant. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrava

PH Raven , Evert RF, Eichhorm SE (1999) Biology of Plants, 6th edition. WH Freeman, New York ... Satir, Peter; Christensen, ST; Søren T. Christensen (2008-03-26). "Structure and function of mammalian cilia". Histochemistry ... He saw many small box like structures. These reminded him of small rooms called "cells" in which Christian monks lived and ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಜೀವಕೋಶ

... cannabinoids are found throughout the plant structure, but are most concentrated in the roots and flowers.[33][34] Yangonin ... Cannabis plant profileEdit. Cannabis plants can exhibit wide variation in the quantity and type of cannabinoids they produce. ... Cannabinoids (/kəˈnæbənɔɪdzˌ ˈkænəbənɔɪdz/) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact ... Cannabinoids in other plantsEdit. Phytocannabinoids are known to occur in several plant species besides cannabis. These include ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoids

Pimentel, David (2014). Biological Invasions: Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant, Animal, and Microbe Species. CRC ... Gould, Stephen Jay (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Harvard: Belknap Harvard. pp. 170-197. ISBN 978-0-674-00613-3 ... Edward G. Reekie; Fakhri A. Bazzaz (2005). Reproductive allocation in plants. Academic Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-12-088386-8. . ... The nomenclatural codes that guide the naming of species, including the ICZN for animals and the ICN for plants, do not make ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species

Rodgers, A.D. Liberty Hyde Bailey: A Story of American Plant Sciences. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1949. ... Mark Marquisee, in the seminal 1965 'Science' paper describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein ... The first dean of the college was William L. Bray, a Ph.D., graduate from the University of Chicago,[16] botanist, plant ... The pilot plant in the building includes two paper machines and wood-to-ethanol processing equipment. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Environmental_Science_and_Forestry

Plant, Emmett. "FLAC Joins Xiph!". Xiph.org Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2009.. ... File structure[edit]. A FLAC file consists of the magic number fLaC. , metadata, and encoded audio.[10] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Lossless_Audio_Codec

The eroded Rochechouart impact structure in France has most recently been dated to 201±2 million years ago,[30] but at 25 km ( ... McElwain, J. C.; D. J. Beerling; F. I. Woodward (27 August 1999). "Fossil Plants and Global Warming at the Triassic-Jurassic ... However, the effect of such processes on Triassic animal and plant groups is not well understood. ... wide Red Wing Creek structure in North Dakota. Spray et al. (1998) noted an interesting phenomenon, that being how the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic

... and Equisetum hyemale reveal an ancestral land plant genome structure and resolve the position of Equisetales among ...

https://ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/솔잎란강

"Anecdotes and the thematic structure of Plutarchean biography." In Estudios sobre Plutarco: Aspectos formales; Actas del IV ... Plutarchia (plant) (named after Plutarch). NotesEdit. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style- ... Plutarch in his youth believed that the structure of the human body is incompatible with its being naturally carnivorous ( ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarch

Surfactants are added to glyphosate to allow effective uptake of water-soluble glyphosate across plant cuticles, which are ... General structure (R is the hydrocarbon chain of a fatty acid). Polyethoxylated tallow amine (also polyoxyethylene tallowamine ... Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). Biotechnology, Biologics and Environmental Protection, Environmental ... hydrophobic, and reduces the amount of glyphosate washed off plants by rain.[3]: 96 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethoxylated_tallow_amine

Many species of freshwater and saltwater plants and animals are dependent on glacier-fed waters to ensure the cold water ... "Changes in the Velocity Structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet". Science. 311 (5763): 986-990. Bibcode:2006Sci...311..986R. doi ... animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and, in the longer term, the level of the oceans. Deglaciation occurs naturally ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retreat_of_glaciers_since_1850

The company put up what was the city's tallest structure, One Landmark Square, at 21 floors high, and the GTE building (now One ... Coastal Connecticut is the broad transition zone where so-called "subtropical indicator" plants and other broadleaf evergreens ... botanical gardens and science education center with over 850 specimen trees and plants from around the world. It is also home ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford,_Connecticut

The roots of all pot-plants should now be in healthy soil, with proper drainage; no stimulants, or t... ... Plant-Structures. At this season watering must have increased attention; it may be done in the after-part of the day. The roots ... In greenhouses and cold pits there should be a stock of plants coming forward to supply the show-house. This structure may only ... The buds should be well formed before the plants are taken outside, and that should be done gradually. A house for such plants ...

https://chestofbooks.com/gardening-horticulture/Gardener-2/Plant-Structures.html

Plasmodesmata are small tubes that connect plant cells to each other, providing living bridges between cells. ... BACK TO PLANT CELL STRUCTURE. Questions or comments? Send us an email.. © 1995-2022 by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida ... The plasmodesmata is structured in an entirely different configuration than the animal cell gap junction because of the thick ... Due to the presence of plasmodesmata, plant cells can be considered to form a synctium, or multinucleate mass with cytoplasmic ...

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/plasmodesmata.html

Have students challenge each other in this plant center! This center contains games of 3 different level, for building skills ...

https://www.discountschoolsupply.com/stem-curriculum/stem/science/plant-structures-science-center/p/s812914

Quantify the role of MFRE in host plant N nutrition.. *Characterise plant-fungal interfaces involved in plant-MFRE mutualisms. ... Structures produced by Mucoroycotina fungal symbionts inside plant host cells, image by Silvia Pressel ... Home / Our science / Courses and students / Linking structure to function in plant-fungal symbioses ... 2019). Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi form nutritional mutualisms with vascular plants. Plant Physiology 181: 565-677 ...

https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/courses-and-students/linking-structure-to-function-in-plant-fungal-symbioses.html

Structural Performance of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). Task 3: Assessing ... Structural Performance of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). Task 3: Assessing ... www.nist.gov/publications/structural-performance-nuclear-power-plant-concrete-structures-affected-alkali-silica-1 ... and may result in degradation of engineering properties and structural capacities of reinforced concrete structures. The report ...

https://www.nist.gov/publications/structural-performance-nuclear-power-plant-concrete-structures-affected-alkali-silica-1

M4 PLANT has a structure with multiple hierarchy levels to ensure clearly defined work in a project. These are used to specify ... M4 PLANT has a structure with multiple hierarchy levels to ensure clearly defined work in a project. These are used to specify ... steel structures or conveyor systems. As compared to zones, sets in M4 PLANT can be used to move or copy complete groups. In ... For a sub-structure, the user gets the option to divide the component groups or lines in systems and the corresponding sub- ...

https://www.cad-schroer.com/products/m4-plant/functions/structuring-3d-projects/

I (we) wish to acknowledge this land on which the University of Toronto operates. For thousands of years it has been the traditional land of the Huron-Wendat, the Seneca, and the Mississaugas of the Credit. Today, this meeting place is still the home to many Indigenous people from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work on this land. Statement of Acknowledgement of Traditional Land. Back to top ...

https://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/biosci/hasenkampfs-lab-chromosomal-structure-function-plants

... line-vacuum drying vs freeze drying-Vacuum freeze drying machine-2016 new German technology compact structure banana chip plant ... 2016 new German technology compact structure banana chip plant/banana chips production ... Home,Products,Vacuum freeze drying machine,2016 new German technology compact structure banana chip plant/banana chips ... The finished product 2016 new German technology compact structure banana chip plant/banana chips production line has basically ...

https://www.evangelicaloutpost.com/japan-49644975-2016-new-german-technology-compact-structure-banana-chip-plant-banana-chips-production-line.html

... and RNA degradation in plants. Notably, we also provide an overview of how plants exhibit different RNA structures in response ... Novel insights into the pervasive role of RNA structure in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. 1st ... Novel insights into the pervasive role of RNA structure in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. ... from RNA maturation to translation in plants. Recent developments of genome-wide RNA structure profiling methods have ...

https://www.jic.ac.uk/research-impact/publications/novel-insights-into-the-pervasive-role-of-rna-structure-in-post-transcriptional-regulation-of-gene-expression-in-plants/

Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant species ... 2020), Genetic structures across a biogeographical barrier reflect dispersal potential of four Southeast Asian mangrove plant ... which manifests in varying genetic structure. We test the hypotheses that the genetic structure of four coastal mangrove ... The genetic structure in mangrove species with a higher dispersal potential is more congruent with contemporary gene flow while ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.w6m905qkc

Structure, function and industrial applications of plant laccases and peroxidases. *Fry, Stephen (Principal Investigator) ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/projects/structure-function-and-industrial-applications-of-plant-laccases-

"Evaluation of Mask R-CNN Model for Counting Reproductive Structures of Six Plant Species". Country unknown/Code not available: ... Evaluation of Mask R-CNN Model for Counting Reproductive Structures of Six Plant Species. Web. doi:10.6073/pasta/ ... Dataset: Evaluation of Mask R-CNN Model for Counting Reproductive Structures of Six Plant Species ... Title: Evaluation of Mask R-CNN Model for Counting Reproductive Structures of Six Plant Species ...

https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10354825-evaluation-mask-cnn-model-counting-reproductive-structures-six-plant-species

Impacts of western juniper on plant community composition and structure. ... Impacts of western juniper on plant community composition and structure.. Title. Impacts of western juniper on plant community ... Impacts of western juniper on plant community composition and structure.. ... Juniperus occidentalis, plant cover, species composition. URL. https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jrm/article/view/ ...

https://bee.oregonstate.edu/biblio/impacts-western-juniper-plant-community-composition-and-structure

... plant),significant], while it did not vary significantly according to the plant(Fn × plant, not significant)(Fig. 9A). Measured ... Structure and properties of the glandular surface in the digestive zone of the pitcher in the carnivorous plant Nepenthes ... Structure and development of the pitchers from the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata (Nepenthaceae). Am. J. Bot. ... Plant and insect species. The pitcher plant Nepenthes ventrata Hort. ex Fleming [=(N. ventricosa Blanco × N. alata Blanco) Phil ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/207/17/2947/14850/Structure-and-properties-of-the-glandular-surface

Eventually, large boulders like these on the bay will be replaced by native plant species and animal-friendly structures. Photo ... Eventually, large boulders like these on the bay will be replaced by native plant species and animal-friendly structures. Photo ... Eventually, large boulders like these on the bay will be replaced by native plant species and animal-friendly structures. Photo ...

https://www.greatlakesnow.org/2019/06/sandusky-bay-initiative-ohio-dnr-plans-massive-multi-project-initiative-to-transform-the-bays-waters/eventually-large-boulders-like-these-on-the-bay-will-be-replaced-by-native-plant-species-and-animal-friendly-structures-photo-by-james-proffitt/

Plant self-incompatibility response * Occurring in:. *non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase. > S-locus-specific ... Structure Factors. EDS map. EDS difference map. Assembly composition XML. Assembly 1 (mmCIF; gz). Assembly 1 (atom only; mmCIF) ... Plant receptor complex at 2.35 Angstroms resolution ... Sequence domains: Plant self-incompatibility response (SCRL) ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/5gyy

The chloroplast genome structure of Myrtales is similar to other angiosperms and has a typical four part structure. Due to the ... At present, although there are reports on the chloroplast structure of Myrtales, a comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast ... structure of Myrtales is lacking. Phylogenetic and divergence time estimates of Myrtales are mostly constructed by using ... analyses showed that the chloroplasts range in size between 152,214-171,315 bp and exhibit a typical four part structure. The ...

https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12870-021-02985-9

Comparing Community Structure of Vascular Plant Species on Nurse Logs and Ground Plots in the Arcata Community Forest ...

https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/ideafest2022/51/

bps_04279; Brooklyn Bridge showing system of painting bridge on cables; September 22, 1914; Salignac, Eugene de, 1861-1943

https://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/detail/RECORDSPHOTOUNITARC~13~13~1479265~148078:bps_04279?sort=identifier%2Cdate%2Coriginal_negative_number%2Ctitle&qvq=q:%3DSalignac%2BAND%2B%3D1914%2BAND%2B%3D%22Brooklyn%2BBridge%22

Plant Structure: Function And Development: A Treatise On Anatomy And Vegetative Development, With Special Reference To Woody ... Romberger, John , 1951, "Plant Structure: Function And Development: A Treatise On Anatomy And Vegetative Development, With ... Special Reference To Woody Plants" (1993). Books by Alumni. 3066. https://works.swarthmore.edu/alum-books/3066 ...

https://works.swarthmore.edu/alum-books/3066/

... resulting in the evolvement of algae and plants. Despite the extended time interval between primordial cyanobacteria and plants ... report the crystal structure of a human fibrillin-1 hybrid domain in this issue of Structure. This domain is found exclusively ... The structure revealed the tight interaction of GidA with FAD. Structure-based mutation analyses allowed us to identify two ... Our structure shows that MogR binds as a dimer. Each half-site is recognized in the major groove by a helix-turn-helix motif ...

https://www.cell.com/structure/issue?pii=S0969-2126

Plant Breeding Structure Day 7 March 2022. Registration website for Plant Breeding Structure Day 7 March 2022. Plant Breeding ... Plant Breeding Structure Day 7 March 2022Plant Breeding Structure Day 7 March 20220.00EUROnlineOnly2019-01-01T00:00:00Z ... Structure Day 7 March [email protected] Plant Breeding Structure Day 7 March [email protected]://event.wur.nl/ ...

https://event.wur.nl/plantbreedingstructureday/subscribe

... today we will share with you article about 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A ... You are searching about 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A Plant Does Not, ... Search keywords 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A Plant Does Not. 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A Plant Does Not. way 2 ... tutorial 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A Plant Does Not. 2 Structures Animal Cell Has That A Plant Does Not free. #Power # ...

https://etc4u.com/2-structures-animal-cell-has-that-a-plant-does-not-the-power-of-thoughts-on-plants-and-water/

If the plant is a flowering plant, the flowers on a plant appear after the plant has matured (grown-up). In some plants, the ... The Structure of a Plant. There are many different kinds of plants. Some have flowers. Some dont. ... The growing plant. Once you have a plant with two sets of leaves on the new stem, the plant starts making its own food. ... If the plant is a flowering plant, the plant will grow and make more leaves, but it will also be working to make flowers. ...

https://www.konnecthq.com/plant-structure/

https://issapp-pushkarov.org/en/structure

extensive experience in the supervision of power plants and concrete plants in achieving and maintaining a quality certificate ... Format and layouts for precast concrete plants, facilities, plants.. *assistance with purchasing, quote for precast concrete ... advice on design and layout software programs and automation of concrete plants, concrete conveyor systems, prefabricated ... in short your all-round partner for concrete structures and concrete installations.. For more information about our services ...

https://sites.google.com/site/chivadoprojectsbvbaenglish/

What structures do bacteria have?. Bacteria cells are like plant cells because the have a cell wall. But they dont have a ... are small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones. The answer is lysosomes. ;) ... are small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones. The answer is lysosomes. ;) ... Small round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones?. the answer is lysosomes ...

https://www.answers.com/natural-sciences/What_is_the_round_structures_inside_the_hydrilla_cells

I applied this algorithm to the protein structure database and discovered a deep, figure-of-eight knot in the plant protein ... A deeply knotted protein structure and how it might fold Nature. 2000 Aug 24;406(6798):916-9. doi: 10.1038/35022623. ... is not rigorously defined and many weak protein knots disappear if the structure is viewed from a different angle. Here I ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10972297/

Heres a plant for the garden youll never, ever need to water. Heres a plant for the garden youll never, ever need to water ... From a flow-chart perspective, that might be more semantics than structure: The Lakers have had executives in between ownership ...

https://www.ocregister.com/2019/05/21/during-damage-control-lakers-give-glimpse-into-their-new-power-structure/

Ricardo San Martins research incorporating oleogels into plant-based meat at University of California, Berkeley. ... Muscle-like structures from pulse proteins. Learn about Dr. Zata Vickerss research to develop muscle-like structures from ... Ricardo San Martin and bright minds at the Alternative Meat Program at UC Berkeley are using plant-based oils to help plant- ... Plant-Based Hybrid products to optimize nutrition, taste, cost, and sustainability. Hybrid products are a promising means to ...

https://gfi.org/researchgrants/process-improvement-fat-encapsulation-university-of-california-berkeley/

The overall study aims to develop a technical basis for evaluating effects of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR), which occurs when the high pH concrete pore solution reacts with certain aggregate mineral phases to form expansive ASR gel and create internal expansive forces that cause cracking in concrete, and may result in degradation of engineering properties and structural capacities of reinforced concrete structures. (nist.gov)

The Structure and Biology of Arctic Flowering Plants is a classical scientific work on morphology and anatomy in relation to the harsh arctic environment. (wikipedia.org)
Warming, E. ed. (1908-1921) The structure and biology of Arctic flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
However, much of the biology of the plant-MFRE symbiosis remains to be established. (nhm.ac.uk)
Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 [email protected] (rcsb.org)

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics 2022 0 0. (cdc.gov)

Many plants form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) which increase access to soil mineral nutrients such as phosphorus. (nhm.ac.uk)
The improved raised soil will drain freely and warm quickly in the spring for earlier planting. (finegardening.com)
Impacts on plant diversity were assessed by comparing the floristic composition of soil degradation classes with the index of similarity of Jaccard. (intechopen.com)
Physical soil degradation induced modification of floristic composition, phytodiversity loss and modification of vegetation structure. (intechopen.com)
To assess factors influencing plant communities on San Clemente Island, USA, we conducted an islandwide vegetation survey in which we measured plant species richness and percent cover of native and non-native plants, as well as physical environmental variables, soil chemical properties, abundance of soil microbial functional groups (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF]), and a human disturbance variable (distance to road). (travislongcore.net)
We found that total plant species richness decreased with increasing non-native plant cover, soil pH, and AMF abundance. (travislongcore.net)
Native plant cover increased with increasing distance to a major paved road and decreased with increasing soil moisture and pH. (travislongcore.net)
Non-native plant cover decreased with increasing distance to a major paved road and increased with increasing soil moisture, AMF abundance, and from southwest to northeast, a geographic/climatic gradient that represents increasing moisture. (travislongcore.net)
Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination further illustrated that trends in plant community composition were correlated with elevation, distance to a major paved road, and soil moisture, organic matter, and ammonium. (travislongcore.net)
These results suggest complex effects of physical environmental, soil chemical, and human-related factors on plant community structure on an oceanic island, and moreover, that different factors affect cover of native and non-native plants. (travislongcore.net)
This lesson on soil structure and materials covers the purpose of soil, physical properties of soil, ways to describe texture, soil structure, pore space, organic matter, and water-holding capacity. (onelessthing.net)
Plant biota samples (N = 32) and corresponding soil sources were collected. (cdc.gov)
The amount of oxalate manufactured depends not only on the particular variety of plant but also on the soil and water conditions in which it grows. (medscape.com)

Here we report the X-ray structure of the spinach plasma membrane aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in its closed conformation at 2.1 Å resolution and in its open conformation at 3.9 Å resolution, and molecular dynamics simulations of the initial events governing gating. (nature.com)
These results reveal a molecular gating mechanism which appears conserved throughout all plant plasma membrane aquaporins. (nature.com)
After being fixed, plant leaves were embedded in polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 4000) and sectioned 5-10μm in thickness. (jipb.net)
The research program will decipher the molecular structure of wood hemicelluloses and their effect on the interaction with cellulose surfaces and lignin. (treesearch.se)
To resolve these fundamental questions on the structure and function of hemicelluloses, we will integrate advanced molecular characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), molecular dynamic simulations, microscopy and scattering techniques. (treesearch.se)
Targeting the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 with phytochemicals from Saudi medicinal plants: molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics investigations. (cdc.gov)

The aim of subject is to acquaint with natural relations of energy conversions at power-producing premises, to describe functions of power-producing equipment, their structure, properties and characteristics. (cvut.cz)
Plant plastids are a group of closely related membrane-bound organelles that carry out many functions. (nigerianscholars.com)
Its functions are to transport, as structural support and many other functions in structure of a plant cell and are located all over the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells in form of straight, void cylinders. (thegreatestgarden.com)
Wood is a formidable composite material with unique biological functions (as secondary plant cell wall) and outstanding properties to be exploited in material applications. (treesearch.se)
Thus, a plant cell functions smoothly with the help of its various structural components. (biologywise.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Potential Toxicity of Plant Growth Regulator Gibberellic acid (GA3) on the Pancreatic Structures and Functions in the albino rat. (who.int)

2019). Mucoromycotina fine root endophyte fungi form nutritional mutualisms with vascular plants . (nhm.ac.uk)
There are two main wood anatomical characteristics of Myrtales: bilateral vascular bundles in the primary stem and vascular bundles in the marginal depressions of secondary xylem, which are not common in other flowering plants. (biomedcentral.com)
They are present in the vascular bundles and stems, and aid in supporting the plant during the active growing phase. (biologywise.com)

Flowers contain the plant's reproductive structures. (coursehero.com)
The third whorl contains the male reproductive structures and is known as the androecium. (coursehero.com)

Civil engineering failures currently amount to 5 to 10 % of the total investment in new buildings and structures. (elsevier.com)

It was found that the glandular surface is microscopically rough since it is regularly structured with multicellular glands situated in epidermal depressions. (biologists.com)
These are the cells that make up virtually all of the complex, multicellular life on Earth, and they differ from the smaller, more primitive prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), which have no such internal structure and whose DNA floats freely within their outer membranes. (phys.org)
The haploid gametophyte produces the male and female gametes by mitosis in distinct multicellular structures. (coursehero.com)

The aims of this project are to determine the role of symbiotic Mucoromycotina fungi in plant nitrogen nutrition and how the symbiosis is affected by environmental change. (nhm.ac.uk)
2019) Ancient plants with ancient fungi: liverworts associate with early-diverging arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Proceedings of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences 285: 20181600. (nhm.ac.uk)
To protect their sugar-containing cellulose, plants have evolved a fascinatingly complicated material called lignin that only a small selection of fungi and bacteria can tackle. (port.ac.uk)
To isolate keratinophilic fungi in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Sari city, Mazandaran province, Islamic Republic of Iran, samples were taken from 7 plants with different sewage treatment technologies. (who.int)

The Patterns of Secretory Structure and Their Relation to Hypericin Content in Hypericum [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
Oxalate content within the same plant species can vary widely. (medscape.com)

This finding demonstrates the potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants. (rcsb.org)
Regeneration of Transgenic Plants of Brassica oleracea via PEG-Mediated Gene Transformation [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

These can contain individual 3D components, systems or multiple zones as well as elements of different maintenance groups such as pipelines, steel structures or conveyor systems. (cad-schroer.com)
advice on design and layout software programs and automation of concrete plants, concrete conveyor systems, prefabricated systems. (google.com)

Any excess calcium absorbed by the plant from ground water is extracted from the plant's tissue fluid by the oxalate in the leaves, fruits, nuts, or bark. (medscape.com)

Amid the eukaryotes, structure of a plant cell is unique as they can produce their own food and have membrane-surrounded nucleus and organelles. (thegreatestgarden.com)
There are four strands of RNA in ribosomes in eukaryotes structure of a plant cell. (thegreatestgarden.com)

Structural analyses showed that the chloroplasts range in size between 152,214-171,315 bp and exhibit a typical four part structure. (biomedcentral.com)
However, plant cells also have features that animal cells do not have: a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and plastids such as chloroplasts. (nigerianscholars.com)
Plant cells with visible chloroplasts. (nigerianscholars.com)
It provides energy in plant cells by break down sugar and carbohydrate molecules to produce energy as long as there is light available for the chloroplasts. (thegreatestgarden.com)
PEG in the slices was dissolved during the routine process and the slices were observed under Hitachi S-450 scanning electron microscope By using this method, it is easy to study the space structures of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, nucleolus, etc. as well as their space inter relations. (jipb.net)

J. Plant Physiol. (jku.at)

During the course of evolution, these primordial organisms were phagocytosed by more sophisticated eukaryotic cells, resulting in the evolvement of algae and plants. (cell.com)
Many biologists have thought that three of the basic structures within the kinds of cells that make up all animals and plants -- called eukaryotic cells -- started out as separate, independent organisms. (phys.org)
And a third type of structure in eukaryotic cells, called cilia, the tail-like structures that enable them to move or to sense their environment, are also thought by many biologists to be yet another example of endosymbiosis. (phys.org)

Impacts of western juniper on plant community composition and structure. (oregonstate.edu)

Priming Effect of PEG on Seed Germination [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

For over 40 years we have been building metal structures and components such as sheds , canopies and above all carbon steel and stainless steel tanks for the food sector, specifically oenological and oil. (sbmmetal.com)
Eventually, the plant sheds these structures. (medscape.com)

A Plant for Every Industry: Top 12 Hemp Products and Uses Hemp has proven to be a valuable plant for sustainable agriculture solutions and medicinal care products targeted toward stress, immune defense, and pain relief. (cbdlivity.com)
Metal(loid)s in common medicinal plants in a Uranium mining-impacted area in northwestern New Mexico, USA. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to determine uranium (U) and other metal(loid) concentrations (As, Cd, Cs, Pb, Mo, Se, Th, and V) in eight species of plants that are commonly used for medicinal purposes on Diné (Navajo) lands in northwestern New Mexico. (cdc.gov)
There does not appear to be a dietary food rise of metal(loid) ingestion based solely on the eight medicinal plants examined. (cdc.gov)

These cells have different structures and perform varied roles in the overall functioning of the plant. (biologywise.com)

The floristic composition, structure and natural regeneration were studied in three 50 x 50 m plot each in undisturbed, disturbed-invaded and disturbed forests (UF, DIF and DF respectively) of the Tinte Bepo forest reserve. (academicjournals.org)

Leucoplasts do not contain pigments and are located in roots and non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. (nigerianscholars.com)

The new family of enzymes are active on the building blocks of lignin - one of the main components of plants, which scientists have been trying for decades to find a way of breaking down efficiently. (port.ac.uk)
Lignin acts as scaffolding in plants and is central to water-delivery. (port.ac.uk)
The secondary wall contains a lignin, a secondary cell component in plant cells that have completed cell growth/expansion. (nigerianscholars.com)
The enzymes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyze the two key reduction reactions in the conversion of cinnamic acid derivatives into monolignol building blocks for lignin polymers in plant cell walls. (rcsb.org)

We also show that the microbial community structure in this Arctic polar desert is shaped by pH and redox gradients. (frontiersin.org)
Changes in these abiotic factors can be expected to influence the structure of microbial communities which, in turn, can then affect their physicochemical environment, for example through nitrogen fixation, organic carbon mineralization, or sulfate reduction. (frontiersin.org)
To predict how environmental changes might impact future freshwater quality and productivity in the Arctic, we first need to understand the structure of the microbial communities that are mediating the biogeochemical cycles in these environments. (frontiersin.org)
Metrics describing microbial community structure can be correlated with physicochemical variables using multivariate methods, such as Non-metric MultiDimensional Scaling (NMDS), (un-)constrained correspondence analysis, or cluster analysis ( Buttigieg and Ramette, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
BASF Admixture Systems has formulated the integral MasterLife AMA 100 admixture to protect concrete structures from biodeterioration by destroying bacteria and micro-organisms that cause microbial-induced corrosion upon contact through an electrophysical mechanism. (concreteproducts.com)

Eventually, large boulders like these on the bay will be replaced by native plant species and animal-friendly structures. (greatlakesnow.org)
Plant invasion impeded regeneration of native plant species in the DIF. (academicjournals.org)

Plasmodesmata (singular, plasmodesma) are small channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of neighboring plant cells to each other, establishing living bridges between cells. (fsu.edu)
The plasmodesmata is structured in an entirely different configuration than the animal cell gap junction because of the thick cell wall. (fsu.edu)
Due to the presence of plasmodesmata, plant cells can be considered to form a synctium , or multinucleate mass with cytoplasmic continuity. (fsu.edu)
A majority of plasmodesmata also contain a narrow tube-like structure called the desmotubule , which is derived from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the connected cells. (fsu.edu)
It is widely thought that by constricting and dilating the openings at the ends of the plasmodesmata, plants cells regulate the passage of small molecules, such as sugars, salts, and amino acids, though this mechanism is not yet well understood. (fsu.edu)
The plasmodesmata also connect the endoplasmic reticulum in plants. (thegreatestgarden.com)

To effectively integrate data-driven energy management into your organizational structure, consider centralizing your energy data management program. (energy.gov)
Within such an organizational structure, unlocking the energy savings opportunities can take many forms, but, ideally, an organization can review its budget rules and create a budget mechanism that rewards departments for saving energy. (energy.gov)

Thus, the stamens function as the male part of the flower in sexual plant reproduction, and they may number from one to dozens. (blogspot.com)
Pex pipes ideal for process fluids up to T of 95 ° C. Pipe Racks , structures that perform the function of securing the systems and optimizing the spaces, used both internally and externally. (sbmmetal.com)
Write a report to show how the Structure and function of two different plants show diversity. (therealwriters.com)
Select 2 different types of plants that show diversity in structure and function in relation to the process selected above. (therealwriters.com)
Develop your ideas (from the plan) into a report that discusses how the structure and function of two different plants show diversity. (therealwriters.com)
These cells function exclusively as mechanical support of the plant. (biologywise.com)
Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac structure and function at 4 and 8 weeks. (greenmedinfo.com)
However, CG was unable to sustain this cardioprotection, as cardiac structure and function were not significantly improved in 8 weeks MI rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
Plant Form and Function Corn Under Construction Growers discuss the management of BT corn crops. (who.int)

In the process, by illuminating a key step in the initial evolution of a basic structure that still exists in most cells in the human body, it may help researchers understand how some of these components work. (phys.org)
In short, these cell structures must not have arisen through mergers and acquisitions, as the other cell components were, but were developed in-house. (phys.org)
Knowledge of the long-term behaviour of materials, building components and structures is the basis for avoiding these failures.Durability of engineering structures uses on the design of buildings for service life, effective maintenance and repair techniques in order to reduce the likelihood of failure. (elsevier.com)
We specialize in the construction of these plants and their components. (sbmmetal.com)
We are the General Contractor for this project that our work scope include designed the drawing, fabricated all the steel structure components and roof and wall sandwich panel, and intstallation it then. (steel-structurewarehouse.com)
The cell nucleus is simply the control center of the plant cell, as it contains hereditary material, along with other essential cell components. (biologywise.com)
Steel Frame Structure Building is a new type of light steel structure building system formed from a main steel framework comprised of H section, Z section and U section steel components, the roof and walls utilizing a variety of panels and other components such as windows, doors, and cranes. (steelstructureonline.com)

At the top of the chapel's spire, the wooden lattice is pinched together to form a figure-eight, symbolizing infinity, and the structure itself shades a large skylight that will wash the richly-textured interior walls with soft light. (archpaper.com)

In this excerpt from Classic Garden Structures, authors Jan and Michael Gertley offer a design for a raised bed that is not only functional but architecturally pleasing as well. (finegardening.com)
She has never seen garden structures like this. (gardenstructure.com)

Diagram illustrating the structural mechanism of aquaporin gating in plant plasma membranes. (nature.com)

Structural Performance of Nuclear Power Plant Concrete Structures Affected by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). (nist.gov)
Methods For each species, we characterized genetic structure and gene flow using seven to 12 species-specific nuclear microsatellite markers. (datadryad.org)
Many nuclear power plant structures were built more than 20 years ago with concrete mixes that were not reviewed for Alkali-Silica Reactivity (ASR). (sgh.com)
Between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, there is a pipeline connecting to the dual-layered nuclear packet in structure of a plant cell. (thegreatestgarden.com)

The portion of the plant cell excluding the nucleus is called cytoplasm, which is filled with jelly-like cytoplasmic fluid and in which the majority of cell organelles are present. (biologywise.com)

Plants make their own food in a process called photosynthesis . (nigerianscholars.com)

Qingdao Xinguangzheng steel structure Co. Ltd specialized in various of steel structure building, jointly design, manufacture, export and erection of Industrial, Commercial and residential and Agriculture uses. (steameronline.com)

Characterise plant-fungal interfaces involved in plant-MFRE mutualisms. (nhm.ac.uk)
The student will acquire skills and become proficient in a variety of laboratory and field techniques, including isotope tracing, plant-fungal physiology, microscopy (SEM, TEM) and experimental design. (nhm.ac.uk)
Field KJ, Bidartondo MI, Rimington WR, Hoysted GA, Beerling DJ, Cameron DD, Duckett JG, Leake JR, Pressel S. (2019) Functional complementarity of ancient plant-fungal mutualisms: contrasting nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon exchanges between Mucoromycotina and Glomeromycotina fungal symbionts of liverworts . (nhm.ac.uk)

Effects of Salt and Water Stresses on Osmotic Adjustment of Suaeda salsa Seedlings [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

We discuss these new insights of RNA structure functionality within the context of post-transcriptional regulation including mRNA maturation, translation, and RNA degradation in plants. (jic.ac.uk)
These are microbodies of the plant cells that contain various degradation enzymes. (biologywise.com)

The apparent negative effect of non-native plants on native plant cover and overall plant species richness represents a conservation concern for native biodiversity on oceanic islands and suggests the potential for community reassembly as invasive species increasingly dominate due to anthropogenic disturbances. (travislongcore.net)

A new family of enzymes has been discovered which paves the way to convert plant waste into sustainable and high-value products such as nylon, plastics, chemicals, and fuels. (port.ac.uk)
Changes of the Activities of Some Enzymes in Deterioration of Peanut Seeds [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)
In this study, we have systematically characterized each of the biosynthetic enzymes related to the biogenesis of 1 , including the characterization of a new polyketide synthase GsfA that synthesize the benzophenone precursor and a cytochrome P450 GsfF that performs oxidative coupling between the orcinol and the phloroglucinol rings to yield the grisan structure. (cdc.gov)
17 The enzymology of the NR-PKS, which synthesizes a polyketide backbone atypical to the characterized aromatic polyketides, and the enzymes involved in maturation of the griseofulvin scaffold structure, highlighted by the spirocyclic grisan ring, can now be studied using modern genetic and biochemical tools. (cdc.gov)

Format and layouts for precast concrete plants, facilities, plants. (google.com)
assistance with purchasing, quote for precast concrete plants and factories. (google.com)
This industrial building uses precast steel structure factory building as cement factory building. (steel-structurewarehouse.com)

Sewage or wastewater exposure and subsequent reactions can cause premature deterioration in concrete pipes, manholes and other conveyance or drainage structures, resulting in increased maintenance and life-cycle costs plus compromised aesthetic appearance. (concreteproducts.com)
plasmids pGNB2 and pMG308 are from a wastewater treatment plant from Germany (unknown bacterial reservoir) ( 24 ) and from a non-Typhi Salmonella clinical isolate from the United States ( 25 ), respectively. (cdc.gov)

2016 new German technology compact structure banana chip plant/banana chips production line is a combined application technology based on multidisciplinary development, including refrigeration, heating, vacuum, biological, electrical and etc. (evangelicaloutpost.com)
Understanding the relative importance of environmental and anthropogenic factors in driving plant community structure, including relative dominance of native and non-native species, helps predict community responses to biological invasions. (travislongcore.net)

Structures often deteriorate because not enough attention is given during the design stage and most standards for structural design do not cover design for service life. (elsevier.com)
The Isolation and Structural Determination of r-harmine from the Seed of Peganum harmala L. [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Within the locule are one or more tiny globular ovules, each containing an egg nucleus and thus functioning as the female structure in sexual reproduction. (blogspot.com)

Similarly, other structures within such cells -- tiny subunits called mitochondria , which produce all of the cell's energy -- are now generally believed to have originated as separate organisms. (phys.org)
Mitochondria, also known as powerhouse of the cell, plays the crucial role of generating chemical energy for proper functioning of the plant cell. (biologywise.com)

Notably, we also provide an overview of how plants exhibit different RNA structures in response to environmental changes. (jic.ac.uk)
Notably, our observation of apparent moisture limitation of non-native plants suggests that, in some contexts, drought conditions can limit plant invasions and may even represent an opportunity for efficient control or eradication of invasive plants. (travislongcore.net)

Thus, there is the need for proper management intervention to curb these anthropogenic activities and plant invasion so as to protect the integrity of the forest. (academicjournals.org)

The complete set of genes encoding major intrinsic proteins in Arabidopsis provides a framework for a new nomenclature for major intrinsic proteins in plants. (nature.com)

Hot Sale Widely Use Cement Grinding Plant Gold Mining Wet Ball Mill Crusher is applied to mental and nonmetal mine, water conservancy and glass building materials for grinding various ore, rock and artificial sand which needs even priduct granularity. (henanhongjiminemachinery.com)
Our high efficient eneygy saving Hot Sale Widely Use Cement Grinding Plant Gold Mining Wet Ball Mill Crusher all adopts rolling bearing support instead of bearing bush skilding bearing support. (henanhongjiminemachinery.com)
2. Hot Sale Widely Use Cement Grinding Plant Gold Mining Wet Ball Mill Crusher adopts groove-type circular lining plate that is instrumental in increasing contact areas of iron balls and ores. (henanhongjiminemachinery.com)
Hot Sale Widely Use Cement Grinding Plant Gold Mining Wet Ball Mill Crusher is a horizontal rotating device transmitted by the outer gear. (henanhongjiminemachinery.com)

In addition to containing most of the organelles found in animal cells, plant cells also have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and plastids. (nigerianscholars.com)

Our pergolas and shade structures have been featured in many magazines over the years such as Canadian House and Home, Southern and Coastal Living and Canadian Gardening. (gardenstructure.com)

Some plants also have a secondary cell wall. (nigerianscholars.com)

In contrast to studies based on field records, herbarium specimens sampled much larger geographic and climatic ranges, as has been documented previously for temperate plants, and effectively captured phenological responses across varied environments. (nsf.gov)

Recent developments of genome-wide RNA structure profiling methods have transformed research in this area enabling focus to shift from individual molecules to the study of tens of thousands of RNAs. (jic.ac.uk)
The chloroplast genome structure of Myrtales is similar to other angiosperms and has a typical four part structure. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the original design of the structure had sufficient margin of safety to meet the design requirements with redistribution of loads. (sgh.com)
Our company is mainly engaged in the design, processing, and on-site technical services of chemical steel structures. (epcsteeltower.com)
Generally speaking, most courses invest a week or two into structure design. (gardenstructure.com)
Our excellent design team will design the Steel Structure Factory Shed for you. (steelstructureonline.com)

The results of the study show that the overall seismic responses of the structure were not significantly impacted by the current reduced concrete properties. (sgh.com)
Plant species densities also differed significantly (p = 0.000) among the forest types. (academicjournals.org)

concrete advice on site, factory or at the concrete plant. (google.com)

The life cycle of higher plants is dominated by the sporophyte stage, with the gametophyte borne on the sporophyte. (coursehero.com)
If both male and female flowers are borne on the same plant, the species is called monoecious (meaning "one home"): examples are corn and pea. (coursehero.com)
There was some indication that structure-borne vibrational energy may be perceived by workers, particularly those who sit in front of computers at a desk. (cdc.gov)

Main conclusions This study is the first to implicate dispersal potential as a causal factor of varying mangrove species genetic structure across a biogeographic barrier. (datadryad.org)
The main objective of our group is to increase our knowledge on the structure of plant genomes and study how these genomes evolve. (cragenomica.es)
Abadia was the main supplier of steel structures for unique laser center. (abadia.cz)
The products produced by our company are widely used in the construction of major chemical projects, including the main building steel structure, pipe Corridor steel structure, device steel structure, frame steel structure, etc. (epcsteeltower.com)

Qingdao Mingzhu Steel Structure Co.,Ltd. (epcsteeltower.com)
Under the same force, the steel structure has a small weight and can be made into a structure with a large span. (steel-structurewarehouse.com)
Steel structure construction is light weight, high strength, large span and can improve higher space efficiency. (steelstructureonline.com)

Effect of Low Temperature lmbibition on Mito chondrium Respiration and Phosphorylation of PEG Primed Soybean Seed [J]. J Integr Plant Biol. (jipb.net)

Plants counteract fluctuations in water supply by regulating all aquaporins in the cell plasma membrane. (nature.com)
There is a rigid wall covering the plasma membrane in plant cells. (thegreatestgarden.com)

There are thousands of species of plants. (tipschief.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms74

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture23

Information Science3

Health Care8

HUA1 and HUA2 are two members of the floral homeotic AGAMOUS pathway. (1/565)

Rac homologues and compartmentalized phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate act in a common pathway to regulate polar pollen tube growth. (2/565)

Phloem transport: Are you chaperoned? (3/565)

The Arabidopsis FILAMENTOUS FLOWER gene is required for flower formation. (4/565)

Polyadenylation accelerates the degradation of the mitochondrial mRNA associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower. (5/565)

Cloning and characterization of a novel Mg(2+)/H(+) exchanger. (6/565)

PLENA and FARINELLI: redundancy and regulatory interactions between two Antirrhinum MADS-box factors controlling flower development. (7/565)

Transcriptional activation of APETALA1 by LEAFY. (8/565)

Plant Structures

Appetitive Behavior

Lepidoptera

Plants

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plant Leaves

Plant Proteins

Plant Roots

Genes, Plant

Plant Extracts

Plant Shoots

Plants, Medicinal

DNA, Plant

Plant Development

Plants, Toxic

Plant Cells

Plant Stems

Genome, Plant

Arabidopsis

Plants, Edible

Plant Growth Regulators

Arabidopsis Proteins

Plant Immunity

Tobacco

Plant Epidermis

Plant Stomata

Angiosperms

Seeds

Plant Poisoning

Plant Transpiration

Phylogeny

Lycopersicon esculentum

Flowers

Plant Tumors

Chromosomes, Plant

Plant Components, Aerial

Amino Acid Sequence

Plant Preparations

Zea mays

Seedling

Herbivory

Power Plants

Biomass

Fabaceae

Plant Nectar

Oxylipins

Base Sequence

Plant Bark

Symbiosis

Photosynthesis

Plant Physiological Processes

Cyclopentanes

Indoleacetic Acids

Solanum tuberosum

Soil

Medicine, Traditional

Plant Exudates

Ecosystem

Salicylic Acid

Root Nodules, Plant

Plant Lectins

Germ Cells, Plant

Mutation

Mycorrhizae

Phytotherapy

Poaceae

Chloroplasts

Plant Infertility

Pollen

Brassica

Germination

Asteraceae

Species Specificity

Plant Oils

Sequence Alignment

Droughts

Botany

Fungi

Peas

Phenotype