Plant proteins. Medical search

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

Proteins which are present in or isolated from vegetables or vegetable products used as food. The concept is distinguished from PLANT PROTEINS which refers to non-dietary proteins from plants.

Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Basic functional unit of plants.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Finger millet or raggee (E. coracana) is an important food grain in southern Asia and parts of Africa.

Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of two polypeptide chains, the toxic A subunit and a lectin B subunit, linked by disulfide bridges. The lectin portion binds to cell surfaces and facilitates transport into the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

The parts of plants, including SEEDS.

A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

Substances found in PLANTS that have antigenic activity.

A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Food and dietary formulations including elemental (chemically defined formula) diets, synthetic and semisynthetic diets, space diets, weight-reduction formulas, tube-feeding diets, complete liquid diets, and supplemental liquid and solid diets.

Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.

Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Diseases of plants.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The reproductive organs of plants.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Material prepared from plants.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

The act of feeding on plants by animals.

Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Physiological functions characteristic of plants.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.

Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The reproductive cells of plants.

Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

Oils derived from plants or plant products.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of higher plants. The species is a major research tool in biotechnology.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.

Plant hormones that promote the separation of daughter cells after mitotic division of a parent cell. Frequently they are purine derivatives.

A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.

Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).

The physical distribution of plants in various forms and stages of development through time and space.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.

A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.

A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae) that contains ECDYSTEROIDS and is an ingredient of Siotone. The shoots are used as a vegetable and the roots are used in FOLK MEDICINE.

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

The study of the actions and properties of medicinal agents, often derived from PLANTS, indigenous to populations or ETHNIC GROUPS.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.

A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.

A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.

A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.

Higher plants that live primarily in terrestrial habitats, although some are secondarily aquatic. Most obtain their energy from PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They comprise the vascular and non-vascular plants.

Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.

Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabidopsis. (1/17430)

The overall morphology of an Arabidopsis plant depends on the behaviour of its meristems. Meristems derived from the shoot apex can develop into either shoots or flowers. The distinction between these alternative fates requires separation between the function of floral meristem identity genes and the function of an antagonistic group of genes, which includes TERMINAL FLOWER 1. We show that the activities of these genes are restricted to separate domains of the shoot apex by different mechanisms. Meristem identity genes, such as LEAFY, APETALA 1 and CAULIFLOWER, prevent TERMINAL FLOWER 1 transcription in floral meristems on the apex periphery. TERMINAL FLOWER 1, in turn, can inhibit the activity of meristem identity genes at the centre of the shoot apex in two ways; first by delaying their upregulation, and second, by preventing the meristem from responding to LEAFY or APETALA 1. We suggest that the wild-type pattern of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 and floral meristem identity gene expression depends on the relative timing of their upregulation. (+info)

Activation of systemic acquired silencing by localised introduction of DNA. (2/17430)

BACKGROUND: In plants, post-transcriptional gene silencing results in RNA degradation after transcription. Among tobacco transformants carrying a nitrate reductase (Nia) construct under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (35S-Nia2), one class of transformants spontaneously triggers Nia post-transcriptional gene silencing (class II) whereas another class does not (class I). Non-silenced plants of both classes become silenced when grafted onto silenced stocks, indicating the existence of a systemic silencing signal. Graft-transmitted silencing is maintained in class II but not in class I plants when removed from silenced stocks, indicating similar requirements for spontaneous triggering and maintenance. RESULTS: Introduction of 35S-Nia2 DNA by the gene transfer method called biolistics led to localised acquired silencing (LAS) in bombarded leaves of wild-type, class I and class II plants, and to systemic acquired silencing (SAS) in class II plants. SAS occurred even if the targeted leaf was removed 2 days after bombardment, indicating that the systemic signal is produced, transmitted and amplified rapidly. SAS was activated by sense, antisense and promoterless Nia2 DNA constructs, indicating that transcription is not required although it does stimulate SAS. CONCLUSIONS: SAS was activated by biolistic introduction of promoterless constructs, indicating that the DNA itself is a potent activator of post-transcriptional gene silencing. The systemic silencing signal invaded the whole plant by cell-to-cell and long-distance propagation, and reamplification of the signal. (+info)

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (3/17430)

Plants can become 'immune' to attack by viruses by degrading specific viral RNA, but some plant viruses have evolved the general capacity to suppress this resistance mechanism. (+info)

Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. (4/17430)

The rice homeobox gene OSH15 (Oryza sativa homeobox) is a member of the knotted1-type homeobox gene family. We report here on the identification and characterization of a loss-of-function mutation in OSH15 from a library of retrotransposon-tagged lines of rice. Based on the phenotype and map position, we have identified three independent deletion alleles of the locus among conventional morphological mutants. All of these recessive mutations, which are considered to be null alleles, exhibit defects in internode elongation. Introduction of a 14 kbp genomic DNA fragment that includes all exons, introns and 5'- and 3'- flanking sequences of OSH15 complemented the defects in internode elongation, confirming that they were caused by the loss-of-function of OSH15. Internodes of the mutants had abnormal-shaped epidermal and hypodermal cells and showed an unusual arrangement of small vascular bundles. These mutations demonstrate a role for OSH15 in the development of rice internodes. This is the first evidence that the knotted1-type homeobox genes have roles other than shoot apical meristem formation and/or maintenance in plant development. (+info)

An Arabidopsis 14-3-3 protein can act as a transcriptional activator in yeast. (5/17430)

The 14-3-3 proteins are a group of highly conserved and widely distributed eukaryotic proteins with diverse functions. One 14-3-3 protein, AFT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, was found to be able to activate transcription in yeast. When fused to the DNA-binding domain of a bacterial protein LexA, AFT1 can activate transcription of reporter genes that contain LexA operator sequences in their promoters. Although the in vivo function of AFT1 is not completely known, its similarity to previously identified proteins found in transcription complexes of Arabidopsis and maize suggests that AFT1 and some other 14-3-3 proteins may activate gene expression in other systems as well. (+info)

Magnesium ion-induced changes in the binding mode of adenylates to chloroplast coupling factor 1. (6/17430)

The effect of Mg2+ on the binding of adenylates to isolated chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) was studied using CD spectrometry and ultrafiltration. At adenylate concentrations smaller than 100 muM, one mole of CF1 binds three moles of ATP (or ADP) regardless of the presence of Mg2+. In the presence of Mg2+, the first two ATP's bind to CF1 independently with the same binding constant of 2.5 X 10(-1) muM-1, then the third ATP binds with a much higher affinity of 10 muM-1. In the absence of Mg2+, the first ATP binds to CF1 with a binding constant of 2.5 X 10(-1) muM-1 then the other two ATP's bind less easily with the same binding constant of 4.0 X 10(-2) muM-1. The binding mode of ADP to CF1 is quite similar to that of ATP. In the presence of Mg2+, the binding constants of the first two ADP's are both 7.6 X 10(-2) muM-1, that of the third ADP being 4.0 muM-1. In the absence of Mg2+, the binding constant of the first ADP is 7.6 X 10(-2) muM-1, the constants of the other two ADP's both being 4.0 X 10(-2) muM-1. AMP caused a negligible change in CD. (+info)

Isolation and characterization of two mouse L cell lines resistant to the toxic lectin ricin. (7/17430)

Two variant mouse L cell lines (termed CL 3 and CL 6) have been selected for resistant to ricin, a galactose-binding lectin with potent cytotoxic activity. The resistant lines exhibit a 50 to 70% decrease in ricin binding and a 300- to 500-fold increase in resistance to the toxic effects of ricin. Crude membrane preparations of CL 3 cells have increased sialic acid content (200% of control), while the galactose, mannose, and hexosamine content is within normal limits. Both the glycoproteins and glycolipids of CL 3 cells have increased sialic acid, with the GM3:lactosylceramide ratios for parent L and CL 3 cells being 0.29 and 1.5, respectively. In contrast, the membranes of CL 6 cells have a decrease in sialic acid, galactose, and hexosamine content with mannose being normal. Both cell lines have specific alterations in glycosyltransferase activities which can account for the observed membrane sugar changes. CL 3 cells have increased CMP-sialic acid:glycoprotein sialyltransferase and GM3 synthetase activities, while CL 6 cells have decrease UDP-GlcNAc:glycoproteinN-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and DPU-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activities. The increased sialic acid content of CL 3 cells serves to mask ricin binding sites, since neuraminidase treatment of this cell line restores ricin binding to essentially normal levels. However, the fact that neuraminidase-treated CL 3 cells are still 45-fold resistant to ricin indicates that either a special class of productive ricin binding sites is not being exposed or that the cell line has a second mechanism for ricin resistance. (+info)

Functional expression of the plant alternative oxidase affects growth of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (8/17430)

We have investigated the extent to which functional expression of the plant alternative oxidase (from Sauromatum guttatum) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe affects yeast growth. When cells are cultured on glycerol, the maximum specific growth rate is decreased from 0.13 to 0.11 h-1 while growth yield is lowered by 20% (from 1. 14 x 10(8) to 9.12 x 10(7) cells ml-1). Kinetic studies suggest that the effect on growth is mitochondrial in origin. In isolated mitochondria we found that the alternative oxidase actively competes with the cytochrome pathway for reducing equivalents and contributes up to 24% to the overall respiratory activity. Metabolic control analysis reveals that the alternative oxidase exerts a considerable degree of control (22%) on total electron flux. Furthermore, the negative control exerted by the alternative oxidase on the flux ratio of electrons through the cytochrome and alternative pathways is comparable with the positive control exerted on this flux-ratio by the cytochrome pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to report a phenotypic effect because of plant alternative oxidase expression. We suggest that the effect on growth is the result of high engagement of the non-protonmotive alternative oxidase in yeast respiration that, consequently, lowers the efficiency of energy conservation and hence growth. (+info)

The severity of plant poisoning depends on the type of plant consumed, the amount ingested, and individual sensitivity. Some common plants that are toxic to humans include:

1. Castor bean (Ricinus communis): The seeds contain ricin, a deadly toxin that can cause severe vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
2. Oleander (Nerium oleander): All parts of the plant are toxic, and ingestion can cause cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, and death.
3. Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.): The leaves and flowers contain grayanotoxins, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing.
4. Taxus (Taxus spp.): The leaves, seeds, and stems of yew (Taxus baccata) and Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) contain a toxin called taxine, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac problems.
5. Aconitum (Aconitum spp.): Also known as monkshood or wolf's bane, all parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
6. Belladonna (Atropa belladonna): The leaves, stems, and roots contain atropine, which can cause dilated pupils, flushed skin, and difficulty urinating.
7. Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna): All parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
8. Hemlock (Conium maculatum): The leaves and seeds contain coniine and gamma-coniceine, which can cause muscle weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure.
9. Lantana (Lantana camara): The berries are toxic and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
10. Oleander (Nerium oleander): All parts of the plant are toxic and can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
11. Castor bean (Ricinus communis): The seeds are particularly toxic and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
12. Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.): The leaves, stems, and flowers contain grayanotoxins, which can cause nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.
13. Yew (Taxus spp.): The leaves, seeds, and stems of yew contain a toxin called taxine, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and cardiac problems.

It is important to note that while these plants are toxic, they can also be safely used in herbal remedies when prepared and administered properly under the guidance of a qualified practitioner. It is always best to consult with a medical professional before using any herbal remedy, especially if you have a medical condition or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

1. Innate immunity: This is the body's first line of defense against infection, and it involves the recognition and elimination of pathogens by cells and proteins that are present from birth.
2. Acquired immunity: This type of immunity develops over time as a result of exposure to pathogens, and it involves the production of antibodies and other immune cells that can recognize and eliminate specific pathogens.
3. Cell-mediated immunity: This is a type of immunity that involves the activation of immune cells, such as T cells and macrophages, to fight off infection.
4. Genetic resistance: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to disease resistance, which can be influenced by their ancestry or genetic makeup.
5. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as sunlight, clean water, and good nutrition, can also contribute to disease resistance.

Disease resistance is an important concept in the medical field, as it helps to protect against infectious diseases and can reduce the risk of illness and death. Understanding how disease resistance works can help healthcare professionals develop effective strategies for preventing and treating infections, and it can also inform public health policies and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of infectious diseases on individuals and communities.

... , also known as plant LTPs or PLTPs, are a group of highly-conserved proteins of about 7-9kDa ... Kader JC (June 1996). "Lipid-Transfer Protein in Plants". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 47: ... LTPs are known to be pathogenesis-related proteins, i.e. proteins produced for pathogen defense by plants. Some LTPs are known ... In animals, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, also called plasma lipid transfer protein, is a plasma protein that facilitates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_lipid_transfer_proteins

Plant seed proteins are small hydrophilic proteins. They represent a subset of late embryogenesis abundant proteins, of Dure ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000389 (Protein pages needing a picture, Protein ... Bray EA (1993). "Molecular Responses to Water Deficit". Plant Physiol. 103 (4): 1035-1040. doi:10.1104/pp.103.4.1035. PMC ... subfamily D-19 or Bray group 1. These proteins contain from 73 to 153 amino acid residues and may play a role in equipping the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_hydrophilic_plant_seed_proteins

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000526 (Plant proteins). ... In molecular biology, the auxin binding protein family is a family of proteins which bind auxin. They are located in the lumen ... which could represent a signal for translocation of the protein to the ER. The mature protein comprises around 165 residues, ... Palme K, Hesse T, Campos N, Garbers C, Yanofsky MF, Schell J (February 1992). "Molecular analysis of an auxin binding protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxin_binding_protein

PCC 6803 at low temperature". Plant Physiol. 123 (1): 215-22. doi:10.1104/pp.123.1.215. PMC 58995. PMID 10806238. Zak E, ... which mediates protein-protein interactions. Zak E, Pakrasi HB (May 2000). "The BtpA protein stabilizes the reaction center ... In molecular biology, the BtpA protein family is a family of proteins which includes BtpA. BtpA appears to play a role in the ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR005137 (Protein pages needing a picture, Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BtpA_protein

... and Accumulated in the Vacuolar Type-II Protein Bodies of Transgenic Rice Endosperm". Plant Physiology. 109 (3): 777-786. doi: ... Seed storage proteins, All stub articles, Protein stubs). ... Phaseolin-containing plant extracts are used because of this ... Zheng Z, Sumi K, Tanaka K, Murai N (November 1995). "The Bean Seed Storage Protein [beta]-Phaseolin Is Synthesized, Processed, ... Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 33 (2-3): 227-9. doi:10.1007/BF01091313. Osborne TB (1894). "The Proteids of the Kidney Bean ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolin_(protein)

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, 2005 in science, Plant proteins, Protein domains). ... Overall, these complex WRKY protein domain-DNA interactions results in gene activation necessary for numerous aspects of plant ... WRKY transcription factors contain either one or two WRKY protein domains. The WRKY protein domain is 60 to 70 amino acids long ... They appear absent in other non-plant species. WRKY transcription factors have been a significant area of plant research for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRKY_protein_domain

Rice and Maize Proteins: The Compendium of Crop Proteins with Annotated Locations (cropPAL)". Plant & Cell Physiology. 57 (1): ... Tang S, Li T, Cong P, Xiong W, Wang Z, Sun J (July 2013). "PlantLoc: an accurate web server for predicting plant protein ... doi:10.1093/protein/gzh037. PMID 15115854. Bendtsen JD, Kiemer L, Fausbøll A, Brunak S (October 2005). "Non-classical protein ... Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK (August 2006). "Prediction of protein subcellular localization". Proteins. 64 (3): 643-51. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protein_subcellular_localization_prediction_tools

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, ... Griffith M, Yaish MW (August 2004). "Antifreeze proteins in overwintering plants: a tale of two activities". Trends in Plant ... The classification of AFPs became more complicated when antifreeze proteins from plants were discovered. Plant AFPs are rather ... Urrutia ME, Duman JG, Knight CA (May 1992). "Plant thermal hysteresis proteins". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze_protein

"Functional analysis in yeast of cDNA coding for the mitochondrial Rieske iron-sulfur protein of higher plants". Proc. Natl. ... Iron-sulfur proteins, Protein domains, Peripheral membrane proteins). ... Rieske proteins are iron-sulfur protein (ISP) components of cytochrome bc1 complexes and cytochrome b6f complexes and are ... Rieske and co-workers first discovered the protein and in 1964 isolated an acetylated form of the bovine mitochondrial protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rieske_protein

... is common among all clades of life, including all animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and archaea. The ... Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins. In eukaryotes, protein phosphorylation ... protein A phosphorylates protein B, and B phosphorylates C. However, in another signaling pathway, protein D phosphorylates A, ... plays an important role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions in the enzyme. Important in protein degradation. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_phosphorylation

Stearl-acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase from Spinach Chloroplasts". Plant Physiology. 54 (4): 484-486. doi:10.1104/pp.54.4.484. ... Shanklin J, Somerville C (1991). "Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase from higher plants is structurally unrelated to the ... Schultz, D; Suh, M.; Ohlrogge (2000). "Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein and Unusual Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase ... "Modification of the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli by coexpression of a plant acyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein)_desaturase

April 2014). "The Cyanobacterial Photoactive Orange Carotenoid Protein Is an Excellent Singlet Oxygen Quencher". The Plant Cell ... Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) is a water-soluble protein which plays a role in photoprotection in diverse cyanobacteria. It ... July 2017). "Additional families of orange carotenoid proteins in the photoprotective system of cyanobacteria". Nature Plants. ... Another protein, the fluorescence recovery protein (FRP), interacts with the CTD in OCPR and catalyzes the reaction which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_carotenoid_protein

"A major allergen from pollen defines a novel family of plant proteins and shows intra- and interspecies [correction of ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR012946 (Protein pages needing a picture, Protein ... Simpson C, Thomas C, Findlay K, Bayer E, Maule AJ (2009). "An Arabidopsis GPI-anchor plasmodesmal neck protein with callose ... Families, modules, and implications for genomics". Plant Physiol. 124 (4): 1515-9. doi:10.1104/pp.124.4.1515. PMC 1539306. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X8_protein_domain

Wittenberg G, Danon A (2008). "Disulfide bond formation in chloroplasts". Plant Science. 175 (4): 459-466. doi:10.1016/j. ... Protein disulfide-isomerase has been found to be involved in the breaking of bonds on the HIV gp120 protein during HIV ... More specifically, protein disulfide-isomerase can no longer fix misfolded proteins once its thiol group in its active site has ... Perri ER, Thomas CJ, Parakh S, Spencer DM, Atkin JD (2016). "The Unfolded Protein Response and the Role of Protein Disulfide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_disulfide-isomerase

"Plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins at the plasma membrane-cell wall nexus: Plant GPI-anchored proteins". ... Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated proteins (glycoproteins) found in the cell walls of plants. Each one ... Found throughout the entire plant lineage, land plants are suggested to have inherited and diversified the existing AGP protein ... a secreted arabinogalactan protein, is related to a family of basic proline-rich proteins". Plant Molecular Biology. 45 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinogalactan_protein

Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 2000. 51:223-56 v t e (Protein kinases, EC 2.7, All stub articles, EC 2.7 stubs). ... VirA is a protein histidine kinase which senses certain sugars and phenolic compounds. These compounds are typically found from ... Agrobacterium and plant genes involved in T-DNA transfer and integration - Annu. Rev. ... wounded plants, and as a result VirA is used by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to locate potential host organisms for infection. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VirA_protein

... (EREBP) is a homeobox gene from Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants which encodes ... EREBP is responsible in part for mediating the response in plants to the plant hormone ethylene. Allen MD, Yamasaki K, Ohme- ... GCC box DNA-binding protein interacts with an ocs element binding protein". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (11): 5961-6. ... ethylene-responsive+element+binding+protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein

Another motor protein essential for plant cell division is kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (KCBP), which is unique to ... Many of these plant-specific kinesin groups are specialized for functions during plant cell mitosis. Plant cells differ from ... MBInfo - What are Motor Proteins? Ron Vale's Seminar: "Molecular Motor Proteins" Biology of Motor Proteins Institute for ... plants and part kinesin and part myosin. Besides the motor proteins above, there are many more types of proteins capable of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_protein

In plant cells environmental stimuli, which light, pathogens, hormones, and abiotic stresses, elicit changes in the cytosolic ... a member of Ser/Thr protein kinases that interact with the calcineurin B-like Ca-binding proteins. These two proteins contain a ... The rat protein YT521-B, SWISSPROT, is a tyrosine-phosphorylated nuclear protein, that interacts with the nuclear ... This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR007275 (Protein pages needing a picture, Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YTH_protein_domain

F-box proteins are involved in many plant vegetative and reproduction growth and development. For example, F-box protein-FOA1 ... interacts directly with the SCF protein Skp1. F-box domains commonly exist in proteins in cancer with other protein-protein ... F-box proteins are proteins containing at least one F-box domain. The first identified F-box protein is one of three components ... F-box domain is a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions. It has consensus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-box_protein

... a motif found in proteins regulating plant growth and development". Plant J. 18 (2): 215-22. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00444 ... Protein pages needing a picture, Protein families, Protein domains, Transcription factors). ... The TCP proteins code for structurally related proteins implicated in the evolution of key morphological traits. However, the ... This domain is also found in two rice DNA-binding proteins, PCF1 and PCF2, where it has been shown to be involved in DNA- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_protein_domain

When dirigent protein is present, it becomes the major product. The biological significance of (+)-pinoresinol in plants is not ... Dirigent proteins are members of a class of proteins which dictate the stereochemistry of a compound synthesized by other ... When a dirigent protein is present during the reaction, one stereoisomer of one compound is highly enriched. Dirigent proteins ... The first dirigent protein was discovered in Forsythia intermedia. This protein has been found to direct the stereoselective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirigent_protein

S65T-type green fluorescent protein in living plants". The Plant Journal. 18 (4): 455-63. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00464.x ... Protein methods, Recombinant proteins, Cell imaging, Protein imaging, Fluorescent proteins, Bioluminescence, Cnidarian proteins ... Using SRL digital cameras in quantitative investigations of plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)". planted.botany. ... The natural protein has 238 amino acids. Its molecular mass is 27 kD. Therefore, fusing the GFP gene to the gene of a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein

... roles of OCP and IsiA proteins". The Plant Cell. 19 (2): 656-72. doi:10.1105/tpc.106.045351. PMC 1867334. PMID 17307930. Havaux ... Universal protein resource accession number Q55274 for "Iron stress-induced chlorophyll-binding protein" at UniProt. (Protein ... Iron-starvation-induced protein A, also known as isiA, is a photosynthesis-related chlorophyll-containing protein found in ... It belongs to the chlorophyll-a/b-binding family of proteins, and has been shown to have a photoprotection role in preventing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-starvation-induced_protein_A

BMC Plant Biology. 13: 36. doi:10.1186/1471-2229-13-36. PMC 3610141. PMID 23452619. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM ... Twinkle protein also known as twinkle mtDNA helicase is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the TWNK gene ( ... The gene encodes for a protein that has a full length of 684 units of amino acids. The twinkle protein consists of 3 functional ... The TWNK gene makes two proteins, Twinkle and Twinky. The proteins Twinkle and Twinky are both found in the mitochondria. Each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkle_(protein)

Also see DNA damage theory of aging.) Ku70 and Ku80 have also been experimentally characterized in plants, where they appear to ... Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 22, Protein families, DNA repair, Protein domains, DNA-binding ... Dynan WS, Yoo S (April 1998). "Interaction of Ku protein and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit with nucleic acids ... Ku is a dimeric protein complex that binds to DNA double-strand break ends and is required for the non-homologous end joining ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku_(protein)

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are proteins produced in plants in the event of a pathogen attack. They are induced as part ... Grouping these proteins by their sequence features allows for finding potential allergenic proteins from sequenced plant ... Many proteins found in wine are grape pathogen-related proteins. Those include thaumatin-like proteins and chitinases. Many ... As PR proteins are produced when plant tissue is stressed, various ways of stress signaling is used to "bait" the plant into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenesis-related_protein

In Arabidopsis thaliana (a plant), there is one structural homolog: Like Heterochromatin Protein 1 (LHP1), also known as ... The HP1 protein isoforms are required for DNA repair of these damages. The presence of the HP1 protein isoforms at DNA damages ... February 1991). "A sequence motif found in a Drosophila heterochromatin protein is conserved in animals and plants". Nucleic ... The family of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) ("Chromobox Homolog", CBX) consists of highly conserved proteins, which have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochromatin_protein_1

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein found in eukaryotes, across animal and plant ... one ORF containing motifs also found in plant storage proteins and 13 ORFs with weak or no homology to known proteins". Yeast. ... "An alfalfa cDNA encodes a protein with homology to translationally controlled human tumor protein". Plant Molecular Biology. 19 ... The Mammalian translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) (or P23) is a protein which has been found to be preferentially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translationally_controlled_tumour_protein

The Plant Cell. 22 (2): 454-467. doi:10.1105/tpc.109.071738. PMC 2845413. PMID 20139160. Sakash JB, Kantrowitz ER (September ... A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric). Homotetramers have four identical ... For homotetrameric proteins such as Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), the structure is believed to have evolved going from a ... "GO term: protein homotetramerization". YeastGenome. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011. "GO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrameric_protein

Sharma C, Sadek B, Goyal SN, Sinha S, Kamal MA, Ojha S (2015). "Small Molecules from Nature Targeting G-Protein Coupled ... Alkaloids found in plants, Benzodioxoles, Carboxamides, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoid reuptake ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineesine

"Securigera varia", The Plant List, retrieved 2014-10-27 USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Securigera varia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda ... In an experiment involving the digestibility of crownvetch in sheep, it was found that the crude protein is 65.6% and the crude ... Moyer, BG; Gustine, DL (1984). "Regeneration of Coronilla varia L. (crownvetch) plants from callus culture". Journal of Plant ... Crownvetch is a tough, aggressive spreading plant that will crowd out its neighbors in a show garden but is well suited to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securigera_varia

Brooks, Eric J. "The 2016 World Nutrition Forum: Driving the protein economy towards a new horizon". www.efeedlink.com. ... feed and food analyses as well as plant protection. In the 2017 financial year, it generated sales revenues of over 325 million ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Erber

... widely used in medicine to measure various plasma proteins. A wide array of plasma proteins can be detected and quantified by ... "Biological Kerker Effect Boosts Light Collection Efficiency in Plants". Nano Letters 19, no. 10 (9 October 2019): 7062-71. ... and also found in plants. There is also a short Video on YouTube with an explanation of the effect. Green's function is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_scattering

In fact, the NDM-1 was unable to be removed after several treatments and attempts to disinfect the plants. Disinfection by ... Protein pages needing a picture, Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2010, All articles containing ... Superbugs' found breeding in sewage plants". Science Daily. December 16, 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2017. "Antibiotic-resistant ... "Proliferation of Multidrug-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Genes in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Northern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhi_metallo-beta-lactamase_1

The plant has uses beyond its oil. The seed coat of P. fendleri also contains a useful natural gum which might be viable as a ... The mash is high in protein, and has a similar proportion of various amino acids to the soybean. It may prove to be a good ... The plant is native to the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is also cultivated in these regions, as it does ... If the plant becomes more widely cultivated and breeding and refinement techniques are improved, the oil could be used in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physaria_fendleri

A protein was identified in 2013 that could fit this role. Jiang M, Chen X, Guo ZF, Cao Y, Chen M, Guo Z (March 2008). " ... Phylloquinone, also known as K1, is synthesized by plants and is the major form of vitamin K in the diet. Menaquinone, K2, ... The crystal structure of the MenH enzyme in E.coli (SHCHC synthase) exists as a complex of three protein molecules shown in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate_synthase

If U.S. farmers took all the land currently devoted to raising cattle, pigs and chickens and used it to grow plants instead, ... "Rabobank: China's Animal Protein Outlook to 2020: Growth in Demand, Supply and Trade". Rabobank. 2 March 2017. Retrieved 18 ... The report argues consumers should reduce their consumption of animal products and to transition towards plant-based diets in ... Pimentel, David; Pimentel, Marcia (1 September 2003). "Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism

Lundberg, D. A.; Nelson, R. A.; Wahner, H. W.; Jones, J. D. (1976). "Protein metabolism in the black bear before and during ... Because of seed hibernation and dormancy, many plant populations consist of adult individuals as well as Seed Banks that may be ... Hibernating bears are able to recycle their proteins and urine, allowing them to stop urinating for months and to avoid muscle ... Nelson, R. A. (1980). "Protein and fat metabolism in hibernating bears". FASEB J. 39 (12): 2955-2958. PMID 6998737. Lohuis, T. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation

Once a plant is infected with MNSV the infection persists until plant death. If no infection occurs, MNSV can survive in soil ... The virus attaches to the external surface of the zoospores of Olipidium bornovanus using the MNSV coat protein for attachment ... The necrotic lesions can cause death to the plant structure and plant as a whole. MNSV symptoms tend to be more severe at lower ... The fungus itself is observed in only the root tissue of the virus-infected plants. Once the fungus invades the plant roots it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melon_necrotic_spot_virus

... a computational tool to investigate protein function, disease, and genetic diversity. Curr Protoc Protein Sci. Vol. chapter 2. ... The planted motif search is another motif discovery method that is based on combinatorial approach. Motifs have also been ... When a sequence motif appears in the exon of a gene, it may encode the "structural motif" of a protein; that is a stereotypical ... In 2018, a Markov random field approach has been proposed to infer DNA motifs from DNA-binding domains of proteins. The E. coli ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_motif

D-loop and protein-coding data reveal that phenotypic similarities with African pygmoid groups are convergent. Hung, Hsiao-Chun ... Most groups designated as "Negrito" lived as hunter-gatherers, while some also used agriculture, such as plant harvesting. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negrito

"Vitamin-B12-independent methionine synthase from a higher plant (Catharanthus roseus). Molecular characterization, regulation, ... Protein families, All stub articles, EC 2.1 stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate—homocysteine_S-methyltransferase

An Indian study of seven bee species and 9 plant species found 45 yeast species from 16 genera colonise the nectaries of ... A diploid isolate of C. blankii had an observed "potential for use in single cell protein production from hemicellulose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_blankii

"Sequence analysis of a mannitol dehydrogenase cDNA from plants reveals a function for the pathogenesis-related protein ELI3". ... Plant Physiol. 108 (3): 1219-25. doi:10.1104/pp.108.3.1219. PMC 157476. PMID 7630943. Williamson JD, Stoop JM, Massel MO, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannitol_dehydrogenase

Sulfur is conveyed from cysteinyl persulfide in a manner reminiscent of the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur proteins. The ... Annual Review of Plant Biology. 57: 623-647. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105437. PMID 16669776. Kisker, C.; ... tungsten-containing xanthine dehydrogenase from bacteria has been found to contain tungsten-molybdopterin and also non-protein- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdopterin

As the Latin name of the plant indicates, the vine has a foul smell. The seeds of the Buffalo gourd are rich in oil and protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_gourd_oil

Many experiments have suggested that leaf tissues of living plants emit methane. Other research has indicated that the plants ... These organisms may accomplish reverse methanogenesis using a nickel-containing protein similar to methyl-coenzyme M reductase ... December 2003). "A conspicuous nickel protein in microbial mats that oxidize methane anaerobically". Nature. 426 (6968): 878-81 ... 2006). "Methane emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions". Nature. 439 (7073): 187-191. Bibcode:2006Natur.439 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogenesis

Autotrophs such as plants can construct the complex organic molecules in their cells such as polysaccharides and proteins from ... Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze ... In prokaryotes, these proteins are found in the cell's inner membrane. These proteins use the energy from reduced molecules ... Amino acids are made into proteins by being joined in a chain of peptide bonds. Each different protein has a unique sequence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... not all plant material is edible and the nutritional quality or antiherbivore defenses of plants (structural and chemical) ... "Organisms usually extract energy in the form of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These polymers have a dual role as ... In a simple predator-prey example, a deer is one step removed from the plants it eats (chain length = 1) and a wolf that eats ... For example, certain plant species in the Castilleja and Plantago genera have been found to produce defensive compounds called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

Alleman M, Doctor J (June 2000). "Genomic imprinting in plants: observations and evolutionary implications". Plant Molecular ... of breast and ovarian cancers the protein encoded by DIRAS3 is not expressed, suggesting that it functions as a tumor ... In both plants and mammals there are two major mechanisms that are involved in establishing the imprint; these are DNA ... Forms of genomic imprinting have been demonstrated in fungi, plants and animals. In 2014, there were about 150 imprinted genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_imprinting

... the microsporidia shrunk its genome eliminating almost 1000 genes and reduced even the size of protein and protein-coding genes ... In animals they range more than 3,300-fold, and in land plants they differ by a factor of about 1,000. Protist genomes have ... Bennett MD, Leitch IJ (2005). "Genome size evolution in plants". In T.R. Gregory (ed.). The Evolution of the Genome. San Diego ... Animal Genome Size Database Plant DNA C-values Database Fungal Genome Size Database Fungal Database Archived 2008-03-10 at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size

As tendons develop they lay down collagen, which is the main structural protein of connective tissue. As tendons pass near bony ... It contains bacteria that digest cellulose plant fiber through fermentation. These bacteria feed upon chyme digestive, and also ... Pepsin allows for the further breakdown of proteins into amino acid chains. Other enzymes include resin and lipase. ... Most food is digested and absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine, including proteins, simple carbohydrate, fats ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_anatomy

Phylogenetic relationships of Sparassis inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA and a protein-coding gene (rpb2 ... on plant substrates in pure culture". Ukrainian Botanical Journal. 76 (6): 493-498. doi:10.15407/ukrbotj76.06.493. ISSN 0372- ... Kim (2012). "Sparassis crispa suppresses mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: Role of calcium, mitogen-activated protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparassis

Garden plants, Herbs, Lamiaceae genera, Medicinal plants, Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus, Subshrubs). ... produces edible seeds high in protein and in the omega-3 fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA). Salvia involucrata: roseleaf sage ... Plant Biology 5: 33-41. El-Gazzar, A.; Watson, L.; Williams, W. T.; Lance, G. N. (1968). "The taxonomy of Salvia: a test of two ... The Plant List has 986 accepted species names. A selection of some well-known species is below. Salvia apiana: white sage; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvia

Piat announced that the bishops have asked for 100 thousand trees to be planted to commemorate the visit. Francis then dined in ... protein, and iron, among other nutrients, and could potentially fight altitude sickness- a popular reason for its use, but it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pastoral_visits_of_Pope_Francis

... plant), Flora of Central Asia, Flora of China, Flora of Iran, Flora of Mongolia, Flora of Pakistan, Garden plants of Asia, ... The leaves are known to contain 18% protein, 16% fibre and 12% fat and a large amount of alkaloids. The roots have been used in ... Eastop Aphids on the World's Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs, p. 553, at Google Books Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of ... The multiple flowering plants were originally called Iris songarica var. multiflora, but this has been classified as a synonym ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_songarica

Ndiwo in Malawi refers to the protein dishes and the vegetable sides are known as masamba. The protein dishes are usually ... "Corchorus olitorius Jew's Mallow, Nalta jute PFAF Plant Database". "Okra". "Ayoyo soup and tuo zaafi". infoboxdaily.com. ... protein sources such as game, beef, poultry, fish, groundnuts (peanuts), chikanda (orchid and peanut dish), beans; and ... "Moi-moi leaf plant prevents kidney, liver damage". 8 November 2018. "Putu pap / Krummelpap / Crumbly porridge , Rainbow Cooking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugali

"About Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions ... single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made from a single viral encoded protein. The genome has been completely sequenced ... "Diagnosis / Florida Plant Viruses / Florida Plant Viruses and Their Inclusions / Science / Plant Industry / Divisions & Offices ... These inclusions can be seen in the light microscope in leaf strips of infected plant tissue stained with Azure A or Orange- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_clover_mosaic_virus

67 SWIRM domain-containing proteins from 6 plant species were identified and analyzed. Plant SWIRM domain proteins can be ... These observations indicate that SWIRM domain proteins may play an essential role in plant development and plant responses to ... However, little is known about SWIRM domain-containing proteins in plants. In this study, ... SWIRM domain-containing proteins make up large multisubunit complexes by interacting with other chromatin modification factors ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijg/2012/310402/

Plant Based Protein Lemon Pie: Light crunchy wafers, sandwiched between layers of a sweet lemon cream, all coated in rich dark ...

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... many viral and host proteins [1], have many of these proteins in common with the PVA-induced RNA granules [2]. ... The host proteins include ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) and VARICOSE (VCS), which both have antiviral roles in plants. ... VCS, AGO1 and few other plant proteins functioning in translational repression are under investigation. We initiated ... many viral and host proteins [1], have many of these proteins in common with the PVA-induced RNA granules [2].. ...

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/plant-virus-interactions/research/rna-silencing-proteins-in-pva-infection

... vegan protein powder is a nutrient-rich blend of clean, high-quality proteins including pea, chia, pumpkin, hemp and quinoa. ... A plant protein that mixes into a smoothie that is actually SMOOTH? Yes! That is what this vegan protein is. I cant even tell ... Plant Protein is a very healthy product and gives excellent protein. My only complaint is the taste. Otherwise I can drink ... I cant have whey protein and have a hard time finding plant based protein that can stand to drink, most are way to sweet for ...

https://lifesabundance.com/Category/Products/People/Protein.aspx?realname=10018340&cat=0&hdr=&Ath=False&crt=0&Category=PlantProtein_v11

... ongoing opportunities await companies that deliver the plant-based meats, dairy and seafood consumers want ... Global demand for plant-based proteins is rising and major, ... The plant-based protein market is changing what it takes to ... Global demand for plant-based proteins is rising and major, ongoing opportunities await companies that deliver the plant-based ... ADM is set up to play a central role in the evolution of the plant-based protein sector into an established, multi-billion ...

https://www.foodnavigator.com/News/Promotional-Features/The-plant-based-protein-market-is-changing-what-it-takes-to-succeed

Momentous Essential Plant-Based Protein. The Momentous Essential Plant-Based Protein is a multi-sourced blend of pea and rice ... to give you the 9 essential amino acids (the building blocks of protein) your body needs for optimal recovery. ...

https://www.trisports.com/createreview?p=q0evg

Novel proteins that orchestrate starch granule formation in plants. Add to your list(s) Download to your calendar using vCal ... Novel proteins that orchestrate starch granule formation in plants ... Despite its importance, we still do not have a full understanding of how starch is produced in plants. Major questions include ... we have discovered novel non-catalytic proteins that shed light on some of these poorly understood processes. These discoveries ...

https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/101272

McDonalds will join the growing ranks of restaurants and meat producers that are betting the farm on plant-based meats ...

https://www.corporateknights.com/food-beverage/cattle-new-coal-canadian-peas-new-solar/

"For example, replacement of 3% energy from egg protein or red meat protein with plant protein such as whole grains or cereals ... a pattern emerged where plant protein intake appeared to reduce risk of early death. Every 10 grams of plant-for-animal protein ... Every 3% of a persons daily energy intake coming from plant protein instead of animal protein reduced a persons risk of ... There are many reasons why choosing plant protein over animal protein could help extend your life, the researchers and experts ...

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-07-protein-recipe-longevity.html

4.4 Soy Protein. 4.4.1 Market Share, Type. 4.4.1.1 Soy Protein Isolates. 4.4.1.2 Soy Protein Concentrate. 4.4.1.3 Soy Protein ... 4.3.1.1 Pea Protein Isolate. 4.3.1.2 Pea Protein Concentrate. 4.3.1.3 Textured Pea Protein. 4.3.1.4. Hydrolyzed Pea Protein. ... And Yantai Oriental Protein Tech Co., Ltd are some of the major plant protein producers in the country. These companies are ... The search of supplement and sports industry for cheaper and healthier proteins would also boost the plant protein market. ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4614966/china-plant-protein-market-size-trends

... an agri-food technology company pioneering ultra-high protein chickpeas by harnessing the rich biodiversity of wild chickpea ... "Expanding affordable, scalable plant protein beyond currently available soy ingredients is a critical and urgent need for our ... Todays investment round is a significant moment for both NuCicer and the wider plant protein market," said Kathryn Cook, CEO ... Leaps by Bayer Leads Investment Round in AgTech Pioneer NuCicer To Bring Unique and Cost-Effective Plant-Protein Ingredients to ...

https://www.csrwire.com/press_releases/763646-leaps-bayer-leads-investment-round-agtech-pioneer-nucicer-bring-unique-and

... Answer: Yes. Best Plant Protein is a great protein source and in its ... Best Plant Protein *Use as directed within daily meal planning (see below) and to make sure you get ~1 gram of protein per ... Science Based Nutrition , Learn , Ask the Experts , Supplements , Can I use the plant-based protein as a meal replacement? ... Science Based Nutrition , Learn , Ask the Experts , Supplements , Can I use the plant-based protein as a meal replacement? ...

https://www.dotfit.com/content-38593.html

Save today on Lifes Basics Organic Plant Protein 16.4 oz Vanilla from Life Time, VitaNet carries a large selection of Life ... Lifes Basics Organic Plant Protein by LifeTime Lifes Basics Organic Plant Protein Natural Vanilla Flavor See the Goodness ... Organic Plant Protein For Your Lifestyle. Our Organic combination of proteins from Yellow Pea, Sacha Inchi, Brown Rice and Chia ... Lifes Basics Organic Plant Protein provides clean, quality-tested ingredients in a clear, recyclable and BPA Free jar. We ...

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Vanilla Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Powder (13.2 oz) at City Market. Find quality health products to add to your ... Sunwarrior® Vanilla Warrior Blend Plant-Based Organic Protein Powder. 4.52(. 3197. )View All Reviews ... Warrior blend fuses the power of several rich protein sources into one smooth, great-tasting formula that is overwhelmingly ... Medium-chain triglycerides from coconut work synergistically with the other ingredients to create a unique vegan protein ...

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Gluten Free Red Lentil Rotini Plant-Based Protein Pasta (8 oz) at Pick n Save. Find quality pasta, sauces, grain products to ... Ancient Harvest™ Gluten Free Red Lentil Rotini Plant-Based Protein Pasta. 4.35(. 43. )View All Reviews ... We Harvest Flavor! Pack a powerful protein punch into your familys favorite foods with Ancient Harvest™ POW!™ Pasta. Its just ... the super nutrition of great tasting, plant-based powerhouses such as beans, lentils, and ancient grains. Now theres a ...

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Order the Unflavored Plant-Based Protein Family Pack at Harmony House Foods today. ... Our 6-pack of unflavored plant-based protein features Beef Style and Chicken Style soy products. ... This 6-Pack of Unflavored Plant-Based Protein is a great addition to any healthy kitchen! Unflavored plant-based protein gives ... Unflavored Plant-Based Protein Family Pack (6 Varieties, Gallon Size). 0 Review(s) 0 0 5 Write a Review ×. Add Review. ...

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Leaft Foods grow leafy green crops in Canterbury and then extract the protein from them to be used to make other foods.,br, ... Rod Oram: Business commentator on plant protein startup Leaft Foods raising big money from overseas investors ... Leaft Foods grow leafy green crops in Canterbury and then extract the protein from them to be used to make other foods. ...

https://www.iheart.com/podcast/211-heather-du-plessis-allan-24837940/episode/rod-oram-business-commentator-on-plant-95266886/?keyid=Heather%20du%20Plessis-Allan%20Drive&keyid=Rod%20Oram%3A%20Business%20commentator%20on%20plant%20protein%20startup%20Leaft%20Foods%20raising%20big%20money%20from%20overseas%20investors&sc=podcast_widget

Protein Powders/Egg White Protein. *Protein Powders/Plant Protein. *Protein Powders/Whey & Casein Protein ...

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... by replacing animal protein with plant protein. The substitution of animal protein with plant protein (percentage of energy ... Replacing animal protein with plant protein for aspects of sustainability may also be a public health strategy to lower the ... Zhao H, Song A, Zheng C, Wang M, Song G. Effects of plant protein and animal protein on lipid profile, body weight and body ... Objectives: To systematically review the evidence on the effect of replacing the intake of animal protein with plant protein on ...

https://foodandnutritionresearch.net/index.php/fnr/article/view/9003

Buy Plant Based Protein products now from Natures Source at the lowest prices. Free Canadian Shipping on orders $59.99+ with ... Garden of Life Raw Organic Protein Chocolate 664g $49.45 CAD $61.89 CAD ... Garden of Life Raw Organic Protein Unflavourd 568g $49.45 CAD $61.89 CAD ... Progressive Natural Vanilla Harmonized Fermented Vegan Protein - 680g $39.69 CAD $52.99 CAD ...

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The Origins of Plant-Based Protein. Plant-based protein is a source of nutritional protein derived from plants. This can ... In our opinion, plant-based protein is not a fad, but it likely wont materially change the food landscape, either-at least in ... That explains why we think plant-based protein is more than a fad. In our next post on this topic, well explain why we think ... Today, plant-based proteins are consumed by what we call "flexitarians," people who consume both meat and vegetarian products. ...

https://active.williamblair.com/global-equity/rita-spitz/plant-based-protein-more-than-a-fad/

... although the diet generally aims for more plant-based proteins than animal proteins. ... They provide the plant-based protein that takes the lead in this meat-light diet. ... Whatever you like! The advantage of a flexitarian diet is that it includes fruits, vegetables, plant proteins, whole grains, ... "Environmentally Optimal, Nutritionally Sound, Protein and Energy Conserving Plant-Based Alternatives to U.S. Meat." Nature News ...

https://www.treehugger.com/what-is-a-flexitarian-diet-6832026

Frank Schneider, a former spy, faces a maximum of 40 years in prison for his role in a crypto scam ...

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The plant will use the latest technology in wheat milling and protein extraction while creating a significantly lower carbon ... Governor Laura Kelly Cuts Ribbon on North Americas Largest Wheat Protein Plant. ~~Phillipsburg Facility Is a $250M Investment ... Governor Laura Kelly Cuts Ribbon on North Americas Largest Wheat Protein Plant. Aug 9, 2022 ... The plants location puts it in the heart of the country with rail access to both coasts and core Midwest customers for the ...

https://governor.kansas.gov/governor-laura-kelly-cuts-ribbon-on-north-americas-largest-wheat-protein-plant/

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https://wellnessforthewin.com/tag/plant-protein/

PLANT PROTEIN

https://hyggefoods.co/tr/plant-protein/

Follow This Blog And Receive Notifications Of New Posts By Email ...

https://meowmeix.com/why-protein-is-important/plant-protein/

... but how and when should you supplement with a plant-based protein powder? Read on to find out more... ... Why Plant-Based Protein Powder?. One of the main reasons that you might want to try plant-based protein powder is if youre ... When to implement Plant-Based Protein powder. These are just a few ideas for incorporating plant-based proteins into your daily ... In this article, well share some insight into why people are choosing plant protein, what makes a good plant protein powder as ...

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Heres why women who are conscious about their nutrition are trying Truvani Protein Powder and purchasing it over and over... ... Each flavor of Truvani Plant-Based Protein contains 20-21g of protein per scoop, which can be mixed in shakes, baked goods, ... Get our Protein Starter Kit at 65% OFF: 1 full-size bag of protein powder, our stainless steel shaker cup, gold protein scoop, ... Vanilla Chai protein that tastes like a latte.. Peanut Butter protein that tastes like a cookie.. And even Unflavored protein ...

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Rapidly rising income of middle class and lower-class families, improving lifestyle of population and changing dietary patterns are some of the major drivers of rapidly expanding protein market in the country. (researchandmarkets.com)
The application of plant protein across dietary supplements and food products captures highest share. (researchandmarkets.com)
Mousavi SM, Jayedi A, Jalilpiran Y, Hajishafiee M, Aminianfar A, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary intake of total, animal and plant proteins and the risk of coronary heart disease and hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
Okra - a fromAfrican dietary plants within the con- Lunch is the main meal and typical y con- vegetable native to the rainforests of text of cros -kingdom and endogenous sists of dif erent kinds of vegetables, Non-commercial Africa,ischaracteristicoftheWestAfrican microRNA regulation on health improve- legumes, and sometimes meat. (who.int)
The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY is available. (bvsalud.org)
So just play it safe and encourage your human to eat iodized salt and seafood as the major dietary sources of iodine or plant foods containing selenium. (cdc.gov)

It will allow NuCicer to scale production of its first-generation chickpea varieties with 75 percent higher protein content, targeting to reduce chickpea protein ingredient costs by 50 percent, and expand existing work with downstream partners and customers to bring affordable, sustainable plant proteins to end-consumers in 2023. (csrwire.com)
Plant Cell;2023 Jun 16. (bvsalud.org)

Secondly, demand for textured proteins and other ingredients is making it critical for companies to access reliable, scalable supply chains to serve this fast-growing market. (foodnavigator.com)
ADM is integrated into pea, soy and wheat-textured and functional ingredients that are essential to the manufacture of plant-based products. (foodnavigator.com)
The ADM portfolio also features a long list of other ingredients used in plant-based proteins. (foodnavigator.com)
The protein ingredients industry in China is one of the fastest growing industries across the globe. (researchandmarkets.com)
This has resulted in growing application of soy, rice and wheat protein as a potential ingredients across range of animal feed products. (researchandmarkets.com)
Expanding affordable, scalable plant protein beyond currently available soy ingredients is a critical and urgent need for our food system. (csrwire.com)
Life's Basics Organic Plant Protein provides clean, quality-tested ingredients in a clear, recyclable and BPA Free jar. (vitanetonline.com)
PHILLIPSBURG - Governor Laura Kelly today joined Amber Wave, a leader in sustainable agriculture, food ingredients, and low-carbon fuels, to cut the ribbon on a state-of-the-art wheat protein ingredients facility in Phillipsburg that will be the largest wheat protein producer in North America within two years. (kansas.gov)

Iron functions as a component of proteins and enzymes. (cdc.gov)

The UNFLAVORED PLANT-BASED PROTEIN FAMILY PACK contains our ONE gallon jugs (6 total) of the following: Beef Style Bits (Unflavored), Chicken Style Bits (Unflavored), Beef Style Chunks (Unflavored), Chicken Style Chunks (Unflavored), Beef Style Pieces (Unflavored), Chicken Style Flakes (Unflavored). (harmonyhousefoods.com)
This 6-Pack of Unflavored Plant-Based Protein is a great addition to any healthy kitchen! (harmonyhousefoods.com)
Unflavored plant-based protein gives your vegetarian dishes a "meaty" texture, without the saturated fat and cholesterol that accompanies real meat. (harmonyhousefoods.com)

At only 100 calories, it contains 14 grams of high-quality protein in every serving. (lifesabundance.com)
For comparison, one-half of a cooked, boneless chicken breast comes in at around 13 grams of protein with 115 calories. (lifesabundance.com)
Every 10 grams of plant-for-animal protein swapping per 1,000 calories resulted in a 12% lower risk of death for men and 14% for women, the findings showed. (medicalxpress.com)
Provides 20 grams protein per serving. (vitanetonline.com)
Our Organic combination of proteins from Yellow Pea, Sacha Inchi, Brown Rice and Chia Seeds provides 20 grams protein per serving. (vitanetonline.com)
Almost two-thirds of the iron in the body (approximately 2.5 grams of iron) is found in hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues. (cdc.gov)

The Momentous Essential Plant-Based Protein is a multi-sourced blend of pea and rice to give you the 9 essential amino acids (the building blocks of protein) your body needs for optimal recovery. (trisports.com)
The researchers also added that there might be something specific about the amino acids formed from the breakdown of animal-based protein that could cause arteries to grow harder or inflammation to occur. (medicalxpress.com)

According to senior researcher Dr. Demetrius Albanes, a senior investigator with the cancer institute, "Our data provide evidence to support the favorable role for plant-based diets in the prevention of cardiovascular disease mortality, and that modifications in choices of protein sources may influence health outcomes and longevity. (medicalxpress.com)

This grain-free, vegan protein powder is a nutrient-rich blend of clean, high-quality proteins including pea, chia, pumpkin, hemp and quinoa. (lifesabundance.com)

Where other protein powders use sunflower oil high in omega-6 fatty acids, we use non-GMO coconut oil powder. (lifesabundance.com)

Global demand for plant-based proteins is rising and major, ongoing opportunities await companies that deliver the plant-based alternatives for meat, dairy and seafood consumers want. (foodnavigator.com)
Interest is extending beyond plant-based alternatives for meat, egg and dairy. (foodnavigator.com)
The results were particularly strong when people swapped plant protein for eggs (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women) or red meat (13% lower risk in men, 15% in women). (medicalxpress.com)
For example, replacement of 3% energy from egg protein or red meat protein with plant protein such as whole grains or cereals resulted in a protective association for overall mortality," Huang said. (medicalxpress.com)
On the other hand, replacement of 3% energy from egg protein or red meat protein with other foods such as sugar-sweetened beverages may or may not result in a reduction in mortality. (medicalxpress.com)
Meat protein tends to come with higher levels of saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium and other nutrients that aren't very good for your health, said Connie Diekman, a food and nutrition consultant in St. Louis and a past president of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (medicalxpress.com)
We can enjoy our favorite, heavy egg or meat dish but probably not every day, and preferably in balance with lots of plant foods. (medicalxpress.com)
Considering plant-based meat substitutes and cell-based meats: a public health and food systems perspective. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
Earlier this year, a major global food and agriculture company announced the launch of private-label plant-based meat products, which will help retail food and foodservice businesses more easily capture a share of the growing plant-based protein market. (williamblair.com)
COVID-19 closures of some meat packing plants is disrupting some meat supply, resulting in higher prices. (williamblair.com)
Today, plant-based proteins are consumed by what we call "flexitarians," people who consume both meat and vegetarian products. (williamblair.com)
Then, in 2019, we observed the eye-popping performance of a producer of plant-based meat substitutes. (williamblair.com)
They provide the plant-based protein that takes the lead in this meat-light diet. (treehugger.com)
A flexitarian diet focused primarily on plant-based foods uses far fewer natural resources than a diet that includes meat at every meal. (treehugger.com)
Due to eco- ment and the overall economic well-being nomic restraints, meat is not easily at ain- area together with beans, swe t potato of the continent is estimated to be enor- ablebymanyAfricans:intheinlandsavan- leaves, cas ava, eg plant, cab age, car ots, mous. (who.int)

As the market for vegetarian alternatives and other plant-based proteins has matured, the full value of ADM's broad portfolio and associated expertise has become clear. (foodnavigator.com)
Access to low-cost, climate resilient plant-based alternatives is important to decarbonize the food supply chain and achieve global emissions reduction targets. (csrwire.com)
NuCicer is a fascinating business that we believe will assist the development of climate resilient, natural, and plant-based protein alternatives that will help decarbonize our food supply chains. (csrwire.com)
This may at least temporarily accelerate demand for alternatives including plant-based meats. (williamblair.com)
Beyond the ethical or lobbying aspects, this plant-based COVID vaccine constitutes a first and could open the door to other vaccine alternatives. (medscape.com)

Getting your daily protein from plants instead of animals appears to reduce your overall risk of early death, researchers found. (medicalxpress.com)

Such subunits are characterized by specific structural frames that mediate protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. (hindawi.com)
Chromodomains were commonly found in proteins associated with the remodeling and manipulation of chromatin, mediating specific interactions with proteins and RNA by recognizing lysine methylation in histone tails [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

The wheat protein we will produce is a healthy ingredient used widely within baked goods, pet food and growing aquaculture feed markets. (kansas.gov)
Today, wheat protein demand in the U.S. is heavily reliant on imports," Rastetter said , "and with consumers demanding more transparency about the origins of the food they eat, we see a real opportunity. (kansas.gov)

Every 3% of a person's daily energy intake coming from plant protein instead of animal protein reduced a person's risk of premature death by 10%, the results showed. (medicalxpress.com)
The substitution of animal protein with plant protein (percentage of energy intake) in cohort studies was associated with lower CVD mortality ( n = 4) and lower T2D incidence ( n = 2). (foodandnutritionresearch.net)

China presently captures around 27% of Asia-Pacific plant protein market, the revenue of which is currently holding the value of $805.0 million in 2018. (researchandmarkets.com)

Life's Basics Organic Plant Protein Natural Vanilla Flavor See the Goodness Inside. (vitanetonline.com)
Organic Plant Protein For Your Lifestyle. (vitanetonline.com)
These antigens include organic dusts containing bacteria, fungi,4 animal or plant proteins, or low-molecular-weight chemicals. (cdc.gov)

There are many reasons why choosing plant protein over animal protein could help extend your life, the researchers and experts said. (medicalxpress.com)
Animal protein also could affect the health of people's gut bacteria. (medicalxpress.com)
Diekman said, "My take on the study, and what I would tell clients, is that evidence continues to grow to support the importance of consuming more plant foods and less animal foods, while also boosting vegetable, whole grain and fruit intake. (medicalxpress.com)
Intensive research has been taking place in animal feed industry since past few years in order to develop feed that contains high amount of protein and are sustainable during the production. (researchandmarkets.com)
Protein is critical to a healthy human diet, but existing animal proteins have a sizeable environmental footprint. (csrwire.com)
To systematically review the evidence on the effect of replacing the intake of animal protein with plant protein on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their intermediate risk factors. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus up to 12th May 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort studies that investigated replacement of animal protein with plant protein from foods. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
Random-effects meta-analyses assessed the effects of plant vs. animal proteins on blood lipids in RCTs. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
95% CI -0.25, -0.02) by replacing animal protein with plant protein. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
Evidence that the substitution of animal protein with plant protein reduces risk of both CVD mortality and T2D incidence is limited-suggestive . (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
Replacing animal protein with plant protein for aspects of sustainability may also be a public health strategy to lower the risk of CVD mortality and T2D. (foodandnutritionresearch.net)
That said, the company has also invested $7 billion in animal protein over the past five years, which it says reflects the importance of keeping all protein options on the table. (williamblair.com)
Animal- and plant-based dairy products play a supporting role in the flexitarian diet. (treehugger.com)

Here, the principle is the cultivation and synthesis by shrubs of protein equivalents, VLPs or virus-like particles, which are kinds of decoys or copies of target proteins (in this case, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein). (medscape.com)

use which is mostly vegetarian, and most of main Africa s food of today such as sweet these food plants are often used for medici- potato (typical of Rwanda, Ethiopia, and This work is licensed under a Creative nal purposes. (who.int)

The Protein Phosphatase PC1 Dephosphorylates and Deactivates CatC to Negatively Regulate H2O2 Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Rice. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we identified a manganese (Mn2+)-dependent protein phosphatase , which we named PHOSPHATASE OF CATALASE 1 (PC1), from rice ( Oryza sativa L.) that negatively regulates salt and oxidative stress tolerance. (bvsalud.org)
Liquids, non-dairy "milks," based on plant foods (e.g., soy, rice, almond, or hemp) should not be used as a human milk or infant formula substitute. (cdc.gov)

Adherents of a flexitarian diet fill their plates with mostly plant-based whole foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and unrefined grains. (treehugger.com)
To call flexitarianism "plant-forward" is no joke-flexitarians fill their plate with vegetables before any other food group. (treehugger.com)

plant-baseddietmaybeabletopreventand bean, chili peppers, and pumpkin. (who.int)

In the body, these toxins inhibit protein synthesis leading to cell death. (cdc.gov)

2. Record 824 million invested in alternative protein companies in 2019, 930 million already invested in Q1 2020. (foodnavigator.com)
https://www.gfi.org/record- investment-in-alternative-protein-in-2019-and-q1-2020-media-release. (foodnavigator.com)

In this study, 67 SWIRM domain-containing proteins from 6 plant species were identified and analyzed. (hindawi.com)
Conclusion: Identification and characterization of allergens from C sativa may be helpful in further understanding allergic sensitization to this plant species. (cdc.gov)

Tests for ricinine, an alkaloidal component of the castor bean plant have been developed. (cdc.gov)
Polymerase chain reaction: locates and makes copies of parts of the DNA contained in the castor bean plant. (cdc.gov)
Ricin and abrin are potent biological toxins that are derived from plant sources (castor beans and rosary peas, respectively). (cdc.gov)

SWIRM domain-containing proteins make up large multisubunit complexes by interacting with other chromatin modification factors and may have an important function in plants. (hindawi.com)
Swi3p-type SWIRM domain-containing proteins are homologous to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes SWI/SNF. (hindawi.com)
High molecular weight ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with PVA infection, which contain in addition to helper component-proteinase (HCPro) many viral and host proteins [1], have many of these proteins in common with the PVA-induced RNA granules [2]. (helsinki.fi)

NuCicer's machine learning and genome-guided breeding platform works to revolutionize the plant protein industry by increasing the protein content of chickpeas, a high-demand yet high-cost protein source, to reduce production costs and fulfill consumer demand. (csrwire.com)
In other words, you can leave the high protein, low calorie powdered formula as and just mix with water/fluid and add anything you want or need to get the appropriate/desired macronutrient content/ratio to complement your traditional foods in your daily diet. (dotfit.com)

This apparatus is used by several gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to secrete and translocate virulence factor proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)

Plants : the potentials for extracting protein, medicines and other useful chemicals, workshop proceedings. (who.int)

Despite its importance, we still do not have a full understanding of how starch is produced in plants. (cam.ac.uk)
In addition to building a wheat mill and vital wheat gluten plant, the company retrofitted the existing Prairie Horizon Agri-Energy corn-based ethanol plant to produce ethanol from wheat starch. (kansas.gov)

The host proteins include ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) and VARICOSE (VCS), which both have antiviral roles in plants. (helsinki.fi)

The work to develop innovative protein solutions aligns with both companies' strategic focus on providing next generation healthy crops and developing sustainable protein supplies globally, two of Leaps by Bayer's ten investment aims. (csrwire.com)

Generally, the SWIRM domain forms a helix-turn-helix motif commonly found in DNA-binding proteins. (hindawi.com)
Protein made up about 15% of people's daily diet, with 40% coming from plants and 60% from animals, the researchers found. (medicalxpress.com)
Nonheme iron is found in plant foods, such as lentils and beans, and also in iron-enriched and iron-fortified foods. (cdc.gov)

The genes encoding SWIRM domain proteins in Oryza sativa are widely expressed, especially in pistils. (hindawi.com)

With Leaps by Bayer's support, we look forward to taking the next step in our journey: driving natural ingredient technologies to the next level and bringing improved plant-based products to market. (csrwire.com)
One of the most common plant-based protein products-veggie burgers-have been around since the early 1980s, but didn't have much appeal to anyone but vegetarians. (williamblair.com)

Best Plant Protein is a great protein source and in its native structure (powdered formula), it allows you flexibility to add whatever carbs or fats you would like - or not. (dotfit.com)
This wholesome source of highly digestible plant proteins offers a substantial amino acid profile and Omega 3-6-9 fatty acids. (vitanetonline.com)
Plant-based protein is a source of nutritional protein derived from plants. (williamblair.com)

Leaft Foods grow leafy green crops in Canterbury and then extract the protein from them to be used to make other foods. (iheart.com)
But wheat and mil et) - often the main dish at vegetal microRNAs and synergistic action even though each region of Africa has its lunch, is prevalent in the Sahara.Along the of plant bioactive components on endoge- own distinctive dishes, preparation tech- Ivory Coast ro t crops, (primarily yam and nous human microRNA regulation. (who.int)

It's just the super nutrition of great tasting, plant-based powerhouses such as beans, lentils, and ancient grains. (picknsave.com)

The search of supplement and sports industry for cheaper and healthier proteins would also boost the plant protein market. (researchandmarkets.com)
The search specifically identifies the DNA of the gene that produces the ricin protein. (cdc.gov)

Pack a powerful protein punch into your family's favorite foods with Ancient Harvest™ POW! (picknsave.com)

Researchers have been working for nearly 20 years on plant-based vaccines, mainly for flu , using either corn, tobacco, cotton, or potato leaves. (medscape.com)

Additional proteins were identified in the proteomic analysis, including those from adenosine triphosphate synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and luminal binding protein (heat shock protein 70), suggesting these proteins are potential allergens. (cdc.gov)

In recent years, the plant-based market has changed from an emerging opportunity to a significant business. (foodnavigator.com)
The US market for plant-based food grew by 29% from 2017 to 2019. (foodnavigator.com)
Firstly, intense competition means speed-to-market is critical as companies see that delivering desirable plant-based proteins today could create long-term brand loyalty. (foodnavigator.com)
ADM is set up to play a central role in the evolution of the plant-based protein sector into an established, multi-billion dollar market. (foodnavigator.com)
1. U.S. Plant-Based Market Overview - New SPINS retail sales data. (foodnavigator.com)
Major drivers of plant protein market in China are increasing awareness about health-related problems such as obesity and rising awareness about the impact of factory farming on animals. (researchandmarkets.com)
These segments provide huge opportunity for the plant protein market. (researchandmarkets.com)
Today's investment round is a significant moment for both NuCicer and the wider plant protein market," said Kathryn Cook, CEO and Co-Founder, NuCicer. (csrwire.com)

The originality of this new vaccine lies in its use of recombinant spike particles produced from a close relative of the tobacco plant ( Nicotiana benthamiana ). (medscape.com)

This experience is in comparison to that of the general industry during the early 1970's, when the prevalence of sensitization and respiratory incidents were 40% and 15%, respectively, and the mean plant enzyme dust level was 12,000 ng protein/m3. (cdc.gov)
Physico-chemical analysis of fertilizer industry effluent and its effects on crop plants. (cdc.gov)

DAVIS, Calif. and LEVERKUSEN, Germany, December 29, 2022 /CSRwire/ - NuCicer, an agri-food technology company pioneering ultra-high protein chickpeas by harnessing the rich biodiversity of wild chickpea relatives, today announces the closure of an additional seed investment round. (csrwire.com)

These observations indicate that SWIRM domain proteins may play an essential role in plant development and plant responses to environmental stress. (hindawi.com)
VCS has a role in miRNA-regulated translational repression in plants. (helsinki.fi)

Use of such alternative fluids as a major component of the diet has been associated with severe protein energy malnutrition and with growth faltering. (cdc.gov)

The plant will use the latest technology in wheat milling and protein extraction while creating a significantly lower carbon footprint than traditional corn ethanol plants to produce biofuels. (kansas.gov)

This review focuses on a Kenya), co king banana (common in Commons Atribution NonCommercial 4.0 peculiar plant Moringa oleifera , called the Rwanda), cassava, peanut, common bean License(CCBY-NC4.0). (who.int)

In our opinion, plant-based protein is not a fad, but it likely won't materially change the food landscape, either-at least in the long term. (williamblair.com)

Recent studies indicate that plant SWIRM domain-containing proteins function in various plant physiological and developmental processes. (hindawi.com)
Deglycosylation studies helped refine protein allergen identification and demonstrated significant IgE antibodies against plant oligosaccharides that could help explain cross-reactivity. (cdc.gov)

No single food is forbidden, although the diet is primarily plant-based. (treehugger.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms55

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture24

Information Science5

Health Care5

Separation of shoot and floral identity in Arabidopsis. (1/17430)

Activation of systemic acquired silencing by localised introduction of DNA. (2/17430)

Gene silencing: plants and viruses fight it out. (3/17430)

Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants. (4/17430)

An Arabidopsis 14-3-3 protein can act as a transcriptional activator in yeast. (5/17430)

Magnesium ion-induced changes in the binding mode of adenylates to chloroplast coupling factor 1. (6/17430)

Isolation and characterization of two mouse L cell lines resistant to the toxic lectin ricin. (7/17430)

Functional expression of the plant alternative oxidase affects growth of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (8/17430)

Plant Proteins

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plant Leaves

Genes, Plant

Plant Roots

Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis Proteins

DNA, Plant

Plants, Toxic

Plant Extracts

Plant Shoots

Plants, Medicinal

Tobacco

Vegetable Proteins

Plant Development

Amino Acid Sequence

Plant Cells

Dietary Proteins

Eleusine

Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2

Plant Stems

Molecular Sequence Data

Plants

Genome, Plant

Plants, Edible

Plant Structures

Lycopersicon esculentum

Zea mays

Plant Lectins

Seeds

Pollen

Plant Growth Regulators

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Base Sequence

Phylogeny

Triticum

Sequence Alignment

Soybeans

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Plant Immunity

Antigens, Plant

Peas

DNA, Complementary

Oryza sativa

Plant Epidermis

Food, Formulated

Chloroplasts

Soybean Proteins

Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Plant Stomata

Angiosperms

Multigene Family

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Cloning, Molecular

Conserved Sequence

Plant Diseases

Mutation

Evolution, Molecular

Substrate Specificity

Species Specificity

Caseins

Plant Poisoning

Plant Transpiration

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Flowers

Amino Acids

Amino Acid Motifs

Nutritional Requirements

Recombinant Proteins

Plant Tumors

Chromosomes, Plant

Genetic Complementation Test

Plant Components, Aerial

DNA Primers

Plant Preparations

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Protein Kinases

Protein Binding

Escherichia coli

Bacterial Proteins