Plant poisoning. Medical search

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.

Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.

Basic functional unit of plants.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.

The parts of plants, including SEEDS.

Any of the hormones produced naturally in plants and active in controlling growth and other functions. There are three primary classes: auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

The inherent or induced capacity of plants to withstand or ward off biological attack by pathogens.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

A thin layer of cells forming the outer integument of seed plants and ferns. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.

The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A localized proliferation of plant tissue forming a swelling or outgrowth, commonly with a characteristic shape and unlike any organ of the normal plant. Plant tumors or galls usually form in response to the action of a pathogen or a pest. (Holliday, P., A Dictionary of Plant Pathology, 1989, p330)

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Material prepared from plants.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

The act of feeding on plants by animals.

Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

The large family of plants characterized by pods. Some are edible and some cause LATHYRISM or FAVISM and other forms of poisoning. Other species yield useful materials like gums from ACACIA and various LECTINS like PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS from PHASEOLUS. Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. Many but not all species of "beans" belong to this family.

Sugar-rich liquid produced in plant glands called nectaries. It is either produced in flowers or other plant structures, providing a source of attraction for pollinating insects and animals, as well as being a nutrient source to animal mutualists which provide protection of plants against herbivores.

Eighteen-carbon cyclopentyl polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID via an oxidative pathway analogous to the EICOSANOIDS in animals. Biosynthesis is inhibited by SALICYLATES. A key member, jasmonic acid of PLANTS, plays a similar role to ARACHIDONIC ACID in animals.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Physiological functions characteristic of plants.

A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.

Acetic acid derivatives of the heterocyclic compound indole. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Systems of medicine based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. The concept includes mystical and magical rituals (SPIRITUAL THERAPIES); PHYTOTHERAPY; and other treatments which may not be explained by modern medicine.

Substances released by PLANTS such as PLANT GUMS and PLANT RESINS.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.

Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots, especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. Root nodules are structures related to MYCORRHIZAE formed by symbiotic associations with fungi.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

The reproductive cells of plants.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.

Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.

A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.

Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.

The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Oils derived from plants or plant products.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.

The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.

A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.

A species of gram-negative, fluorescent, phytopathogenic bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS. It is differentiated into approximately 50 pathovars with different plant pathogenicities and host specificities.

A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.

The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.

A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and the stems, leafs, and roots of plants. Some biotypes are pathogenic and cause the formation of PLANT TUMORS in a wide variety of higher plants. The species is a major research tool in biotechnology.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

A family (Aphididae) of small insects, in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, that suck the juices of plants. Important genera include Schizaphis and Myzus. The latter is known to carry more than 100 virus diseases between plants.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

A creeping annual plant species of the CUCURBITACEAE family. It has a rough succulent, trailing stem and hairy leaves with three to five pointed lobes.

Plant hormones that promote the separation of daughter cells after mitotic division of a parent cell. Frequently they are purine derivatives.

A technique for growing plants in culture solutions rather than in soil. The roots are immersed in an aerated solution containing the correct proportions of essential mineral salts. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.

Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).

The physical distribution of plants in various forms and stages of development through time and space.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Plant tissue that carries water up the root and stem. Xylem cell walls derive most of their strength from LIGNIN. The vessels are similar to PHLOEM sieve tubes but lack companion cells and do not have perforated sides and pores.

A class of plant growth hormone isolated from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi, a fungus causing Bakanae disease in rice. There are many different members of the family as well as mixtures of multiple members; all are diterpenoid acids based on the gibberellane skeleton.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

A plant genus of the family Plantaginaceae. The small plants usually have a dense tuft of basal leaves and long, leafless stalks bearing a terminal spike of small flowers. The seeds, known as PSYLLIUM, swell in water and are used as laxatives. The leaves have been used medicinally.

A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.

A plant genus in the family LILIACEAE (sometimes placed in Asparagaceae) that contains ECDYSTEROIDS and is an ingredient of Siotone. The shoots are used as a vegetable and the roots are used in FOLK MEDICINE.

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The mint plant family. They are characteristically aromatic, and many of them are cultivated for their oils. Most have square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped, open-mouthed, tubular corollas (united petals), with five-lobed, bell-like calyxes (united sepals).

The study of the actions and properties of medicinal agents, often derived from PLANTS, indigenous to populations or ETHNIC GROUPS.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.

A genus herbs of the Asteraceae family. The SEEDS yield oil and are used as food and animal feed; the roots of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) are edible.

The region of the stem beneath the stalks of the seed leaves (cotyledons) and directly above the young root of the embryo plant. It grows rapidly in seedlings showing epigeal germination and lifts the cotyledons above the soil surface. In this region (the transition zone) the arrangement of vascular bundles in the root changes to that of the stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A genus of gram negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, plants, and marine mud.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE which is the source of edible beans and the lectin PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.

A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.

A plant species of the family BRASSICACEAE best known for the edible roots.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE used to study GENETICS because it is DIPLOID, self fertile, has a small genome, and short generation time.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

The interactions between a host and a pathogen, usually resulting in disease.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A mitosporic Leotiales fungal genus of plant pathogens. It has teleomorphs in the genus Botryotina.

Higher plants that live primarily in terrestrial habitats, although some are secondarily aquatic. Most obtain their energy from PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They comprise the vascular and non-vascular plants.

Any of the various plants of the genus Lactuca, especially L. sativa, cultivated for its edible leaves. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Eukaryotes in the group STRAMENOPILES, formerly considered FUNGI, whose exact taxonomic level is unsettled. Many consider Oomycetes (Oomycota) a phylum in the kingdom Stramenopila, or alternatively, as Pseudofungi in the phylum Heterokonta of the kingdom Chromista. They are morphologically similar to fungi but have no close phylogenetic relationship to them. Oomycetes are found in both fresh and salt water as well as in terrestrial environments. (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th ed, pp683-4). They produce flagellated, actively motile spores (zoospores) that are pathogenic to many crop plants and FISHES.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Plant proteins that mediate LIGHT SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They are involved in PHOTOTROPISM and other light adaption responses during plant growth and development . They include the phototropins, phytochromes (PHYTOCHROME), and members of the ubiquitous cryptochrome family.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE best known for the thyme spice added to foods.

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members contain OXALIC ACID and calcium oxalate (OXALATES).

The process in certain BACTERIA; FUNGI; and CYANOBACTERIA converting free atmospheric NITROGEN to biologically usable forms of nitrogen, such as AMMONIA; NITRATES; and amino compounds.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A carboxy-lyase that plays a key role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE by catalyzing the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate and CARBON DIOXIDE. It can also utilize OXYGEN as a substrate to catalyze the synthesis of 2-phosphoglycolate and 3-phosphoglycerate in a process referred to as photorespiration.

Substituted thioglucosides. They are found in rapeseed (Brassica campestris) products and related cruciferae. They are metabolized to a variety of toxic products which are most likely the cause of hepatocytic necrosis in animals and humans.

The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Flammable, amorphous, vegetable products of secretion or disintegration, usually formed in special cavities of plants. They are generally insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, ether, or volatile oils. They are fusible and have a conchoidal fracture. They are the oxidation or polymerization products of the terpenes, and are mixtures of aromatic acids and esters. Most are soft and sticky, but harden after exposure to cold. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Dorland, 28th ed)

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.

The absence of light.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A plant species of the genus VICIA, family FABACEAE. The edible beans are well known but they cause FAVISM in some individuals with GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY. This plant contains vicine, convicine, Vicia lectins, unknown seed protein, AAP2 transport protein, and Vicia faba DNA-binding protein 1.

Large and highly vacuolated cells possessing many chloroplasts occuring in the interior cross-section of leaves, juxtaposed between the epidermal layers.

The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.

A blue-green biliprotein widely distributed in the plant kingdom.

A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. Members contain bilobetin. The rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with CRATEROSTIGMA.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into other families such as Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae, which have inferior ovaries, includes CRINUM; GALANTHUS; LYCORIS; and NARCISSUS and are known for AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS.

Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.

The ability of organisms to sense and adapt to high concentrations of salt in their growth environment.

Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. They bear the familiar citrus fruits including oranges, grapefruit, lemons, and limes. There are many hybrids which makes the nomenclature confusing.

A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant.

Substances found in PLANTS that have antigenic activity.

Effect of locoweed (Astragalus ientiginosus) feeding of fetal lamb development. (1/214)

Locoweed, Astragalus lentiginosus, was fed to pregnant ewes for various periods during gestation. The principal gross effects on the developing fetuses were observed to be delayed placentation, decreased vascularization, fetal edema and hemorrhage, and alteration of cotyledon development. Deformed lambs and undersized lambs also occurred. Data from sheep fed locoweed during various periods of the entire gestation period are summarized and indicate that locoweed poisoning in the fetus as with the adult is a chronic type of intoxication. Also, poisoning of the fetus parallels poisoning in the dam. (+info)

A lysosomal storage disease induced by Ipomoea carnea in goats in Mozambique. (2/214)

A novel plant-induced lysosomal storage disease was observed in goats from a village in Mozambique. Affected animals were ataxic, with head tremors and nystagmus. Because of a lack of suitable feed, the animals consumed an exotic hedge plant growing in the village that was identified as Ipomoea carnea (shrubby morning glory, Convolvulaceae). The toxicosis was reproduced by feeding I. carnea plant material to goats. In acute cases, histologic changes in the brain and spinal cord comprised widespread cytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in association with axonal spheroid formation. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic storage vacuoles in neurons were membrane bound and consistent with lysosomes. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was also found in neurons in the submucosal and mesenteric plexuses in the small intestine, in renal tubular epithelial cells, and in macrophage-phagocytic cells in the spleen and lymph nodes in acute cases. Residual alterations in the brain in chronic cases revealed predominantly cerebellar lesions characterized by loss of Purkinje neurons and gliosis of the Purkinje cell layer. Analysis of I. carnea plant material by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry established the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor swainsonine and 2 glycosidase inhibitors, calystegine B2 and calystegine C1, consistent with a plant-induced alpha-mannosidosis in the goats. The described storage disorder is analogous to the lysosomal storage diseases induced by ingestion of locoweeds (Astragalus and Oxytropis) and poison peas (Swainsona). (+info)

Lysosomal storage disease caused by Sida carpinifolia poisoning in goats. (3/214)

A neurologic disease characterized by ataxia, hypermetria, hyperesthesia, and muscle tremors of the head and neck was observed for 2 years in a flock of 28 Anglo-Nubian and Saanen goats on a farm with 5 ha of pasture. Six newborns died during the first week of life, and five abortions were recorded. The predominant plant in the pasture was Sida carpinifolia. The disease was reproduced experimentally in two goats by administration of this plant. Three goats with spontaneous disease and the two experimental animals were euthanatized and necropsied. No significant gross lesions were observed. Fragments of several organs, including the central nervous system, were processed for histopathology. Small fragments of the cerebellar cortex, liver, and pancreas of two spontaneously poisoned goats and two experimentally poisoned goats were processed for electron microscopy. Multiple cytoplasm vacuoles in hepatocytes, acinar pancreatic cells, and neurons, especially Purkinje cells, were the most striking microscopic lesions in the five animals. Ultrastructural changes included membrane-bound vacuoles in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, acinar pancreatic cells, Purkinje cells, and the small neurons of the granular cell layer of the cerebellum. Paraffin-embedded sections of the cerebellum and pancreas were submitted for lectin histochemical analysis. The vacuoles in different cerebellar and acinar pancreatic cells reacted strongly to the following lectins: Concanavalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris, and succinylated Triticum vulgaris. The pattern of staining, analyzed in Purkinje cells and acinar pancreatic cells coincides with results reported for both swainsonine toxicosis and inherited mannosidosis. (+info)

Suspected citrus pulp toxicosis in dairy cattle. (4/214)

Thirteen lactating dairy cows from a herd of 650 died over a 6-week period. Most animals were down in milk production at 1 milking and were found dead at the next milking. Two cows had elevated heart rate and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes. Two others had azotemia, elevated heart rate, hyperglycemia, and weight loss. Necropsy of 10 cows revealed hemorrhages on the intestinal serosa and epicardium, lymphadenopathy, interstitial nephritis, small intestinal hemorrhage, and interstitial pneumonia. Histopathology showed lymphocytic to lymphogranulomatous inflammation in the heart, spleen, kidney, lymph nodes, liver, lung, pancreas, and adrenal gland. Phlebitis was present in 2 livers. The lesions resembled those of hairy vetch toxicosis, but no vetch was being fed. Similar lesions have been reported with the feeding of citrus pulp. Citrus pulp was being fed to the lactating cows and had been added to the diet 6 weeks before the first death. The syndrome resolved with elimination of citrus pulp from the diet. (+info)

Detection of endophyte toxins in the imported perennial ryegrass straw. (5/214)

From 1997 to 1999, 29 cases of disorders were detected in cattle and horses that had been fed ryegrass straw imported from the U.S.A. These animals showed symptoms resembling ryegrass staggers and the clinical signs disappeared after removal of the straw. Endophytic hyphae were detected in the seeds of all straw samples that were responsible for the clinical cases. Lolitrem B concentrations in the straw ranged between 972 and 3740 ppb. Ergovaline concentrations were between 355 and 1300 ppb. Even though the concentrations of lolitrem B were lower than the toxic threshold proposed by Oregon State University in better part of the cases, our observations suggest the possibility that lolitrem B lower than the proposed threshold can bring disorders to sensitive individuals. (+info)

Epinephrine induced hyperglycemia in bulls and its relationship to polioencephalomalacia. (6/214)

Data on blood glucose concentration in bulls affected with molasses associated polioencephalomalacia are controversial. It has been suggested that the brain lesions are related to a "hypoglycemic state" during the development of polioencephalomalacia. This paper reports the mobilization of glucose by means of the epinephrine test in three bulls fed two diets, one forage based and the other molasses based. The results showed significantly greater hyperglycemic responses in the animals during the molasses diet than during the forage one. This probably means that glucose stores (as glycogen) are higher in cattle consuming molasses than those consuming forage. Such hepatic glucose output is in disagreement with the hypoglycemia theory as the cause of the early stages of brain lesions and focuses the probable cause as being related to glucose utilization. (+info)

Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses. (7/214)

Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (> or = 0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW conditioned strong and persistent aversions to palatable feeds with minor signs of distress. Pen and grazing tests were conducted in Colorado to determine if horses could be averted to fresh locoweed. Pen tests indicated that most horses (5/6) were completely averted from locoweed. Treated horses ate 34 g of fresh locoweed compared to 135 g for controls (P < 0.01) during three pen tests when offered 150 g per test. One horse (T) in the treatment group ate locoweed each time it was offered in the pen, but ate no locoweed while grazing. In the grazing trial, control horses averaged 8.6% of bites of locoweed (P < 0.01) during the grazing portion of the study, whereas treated horses averaged <0.5%. One treated horse (S) accounted for all consumption; he consumed 15% of his bites as locoweed in a grazing bout on d 2 of the field study. Thereafter, he was dosed a second time with lithium chloride and ate no locoweed in the subsequent 5 d. Three of six horses required two pairings of lithium chloride with fresh locoweed to condition a complete aversion. The results of this study indicate that horses can be averted from locoweed using lithium chloride as an aversive agent, and this may provide a management tool to reduce the risk of intoxication for horses grazing locoweed-infested rangeland. (+info)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 4-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) in the serum of patients with ginkgo seed poisoning. (8/214)

The 4-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) present in the seeds of the Ginkgo biloba (maidenhair tree) has anti-vitamin B6 actions, and ginkgo seed poisoning can induce convulsions. We developed a specific quantitative method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of MPN in human serum. The trifluoroacyl (TFA) derivative of MPN was obtained by treating MPN with trifluoroacetic anhydride at 50 degrees C for 5 min and remained stable for 6 h. The calibration curve of standard MPN obtained in the selective ion mode using the base ion (m/z 343) was linear between 100 pg and 10 ng, and the detection limit was 50 pg. The full mass spectrum of 100 pg of the TFA derivative of MPN was obtained easily. MPN was extracted from the serum with the use of a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge. The recovery rate of MPN added to the serum at a concentration of 0.1 microg/mL was 90.0%. (+info)

... resulting in poisoning. All parts of the plant are poisonous, including its aroma. Symptoms of Veratrum alkaloid poisoning ... "Pfaf Plant Search". www.pfaf.org. Retrieved 2018-05-05. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ... The plants have an estimated lifespan of several centuries and often achieve dominance in wild areas as they are unpalatable to ... In 1983, there were nine cases of accidental poisoning as a result of these pranks due to the presence of Veratrum alkaloids in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratrum_album

"Yew poisoning". MedlinePlus. "PLANT POISONING, CERVID - USA: (ALASKA) ORNAMENTAL TREE, MOOSE". ProMED-mail. 22 February 2011. ... "TOXBASE - National Poisons Information Service". "Taxus baccata - L." Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2019-07-17. Smythies, J.R ... However, there are cases in which the poison is used as a suicide method. Because taxine poisoning is often only diagnosed ... Taxine remains in the plant all year, with maximal concentrations appearing during the winter. Dried yew plant material retains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxine_alkaloids

Due to the typical anti-cholinesterase activity, they can be used as poisons against the plants' predators. They can be used as ... These compounds generally appear as their corresponding glycoside in plants of the genus Solanum. Solanum includes plants like ... Wiart Christophe Medicinal Plants Of The Asia-pacific: Drugs For The Future (2006), p. 454, at Google Books "Steroid Alkaloids ... True to their name, Veratrum alkaloids come from plants of the genus Veratrum. Alkaloids are found in the roots and rhizomes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidal_alkaloid

Poisonings generally occur in the early spring when the death camas plant is most abundant and other food sources for livestock ... Sheep seem to be poisoned most often due to their grazing behavior as they pull up and consume the entire plant. Moist ... Outdoorsmen have also fallen victim to zygacine poisoning by mistaking the death camas for other edible plants. In 1994, a man ... There is no antidote for zygacine poisoning so only the symptoms arising from poisoning in humans are usually treated, of which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygacine

"Cornell University Department of Animal Science: Plants Poisonous to Livestock". Selenium Poisoning. Cornell University. 2009- ... http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ASBI2 "Notes on poisoning: Astragalus bisulcatus". Canadian Poisonous Plants ... Yet, sheep and cattle have indulged in eating the plant, becoming victims of selenium toxicity. Sheep can die in thirty minutes ... Most animals avoid Astragalus bisulcatus because of the musky odor of the dimethyl selenium compounds contained in the plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astragalus_bisulcatus

It has been observed that poisoned animals return to feed on the plant after initial poisoning. Chronic toxicity affects only ... "Plant Poisoning, Hemlock". MedScape. eMedicine. Retrieved 2012-03-02. Tilford, Gregory L. (1997). Edible and Medicinal Plants ... Poison hemlock grows in the spring, when much undergrowth is not in flower and may not be in leaf. All plant parts are ... Similarly, the plant should not be confused with Cicuta (commonly known as water hemlock). Wild poison hemlock also can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conium_maculatum

Nicotine poisoning Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM (September-October 2009). "Nicotinic plant poisoning". Clinical ... is a type of nicotine poisoning caused by the transdermal absorption of nicotine from the surface of wet tobacco plants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Tobacco_Sickness

ISBN 978-0-07-150975-6. Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM (September 2009). "Nicotinic plant poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. ... Reddy DS, Colman E (May 2017). "A Comparative Toxidrome Analysis of Human Organophosphate and Nerve Agent Poisonings Using ... nicotine poisoning can also present with similar symptoms, as it also involves excessive parasympathetic stimulation. Ingestion ... and other signs and symptoms reminiscent of organophosphate poisoning. Other symptoms include increased sweating, salivation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_crisis

"Molybdenum Poisoning: Introduction". "Metal uptake by plants". Archived from the original on 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2013-08-14 ... Some plants themselves may also be toxic to some animals. For example, Pimelea, a native Australian plant, also known as flax ... Molybdenum poisoning is a particular concern in ruminants such as cows and goats, and there have been animal deaths. Another ... If their type of feed is changed dramatically, or if they are fed moldy hay or hay containing toxic plants, they can become ill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay

Signs of poisoning in dogs are different based on the cause and the type of exposure. If a dog has been exposed to a poison, a ... Castor beans or the castor oil plant contain ricin which is toxic to dogs. It can be fatal depending on how much of the plant ... The extent of the symptoms will change based on what and how much of a poison has been ingested. Poisoning in dogs by contact ... Recognizing the signs of poisoning will enable dog owners to get the help their dogs need when exposed to poisons. Dogs can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substances_poisonous_to_dogs

Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM (September 2009). "Nicotinic plant poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. 47 (8): 771-81. doi: ... Plant Physiology 127:1449-1458. American Society of Plant Biologists. N.d. Natural history-driven, plant-mediated RNAi-based ... Lethal nicotine poisoning rapidly produces seizures, and death - which may occur within minutes - is believed to be due to ... The Plant Journal 71:529-538. Domino EF, Hornbach E, Demana T (August 1993). "The nicotine content of common vegetables". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine

Philbrick H.; Gregg R. B. Companion Plants. USDA PLANTS. PLANTS Profile for Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace. Retrieved June 11 ... "Hemlock Poisoning". Medscape. Retrieved June 9, 2017. How to Tell the Difference Between Poison Hemlock and Queen Anne's Lace ... Both plants have been spread into North America by European settlers and are now common wildflowers there. The function of the ... "Daucus carota". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved March 31, 2017. Peterson, Roger Tory, and Margaret McKenny. A field guide to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daucus_carota

The cassava plant gives the third-highest yield of carbohydrates per cultivated area among crop plants, after sugarcane and ... "CASSAVA POISONING - VENEZUELA". ProMED-mail. 29 January 2017. Retrieved 29 January 2017. "Cassava poisoning was integral to ... Plant breeding has resulted in different strategies for cassava tolerance to PPD. One was induced by mutagenic levels of gamma ... "Virus ravages cassava plants in Africa". The New York Times. 31 May 2010. "Hungry African nations balk at biotech cassava". St ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassava

In July 2009, several horses were poisoned in this manner from the leaves of the plant. Symptoms of a poisoned horse include ... Poisoning and reactions to oleander plants are evident quickly, requiring immediate medical care in suspected or known ... Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. pp. 43-49. ISBN 978-90-5782-204-9. "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, entry for ... This inhibits the circulation of water in the tissue of the plant, causing individual branches to die until the entire plant is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerium

Lilies Pet Poison Helpline. Lily Poisoning in Cats. Pet MD. Jepson Manual Treatment USDA Plants Profile Photo gallery. ... The invasion of trees into the plant's habitat, either by natural succession or deliberate planting and fire suppression, can ... When the plant was listed as an endangered species in 1994, there were 2000 to 3000 individuals remaining. Lilium occidental ... Center for Plant Conservation Archived 2009-08-08 at the Wayback Machine Biota of North America Program 2014 county ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_occidentale

PMID 24452991 Bliss, M. (2001). "Datura Plant Poisoning" (PDF). Clinical Toxicology Review. 23 (6). Hallucinogenic mushrooms an ... The belladonna plant genus, Atropa is named after the Greek Fate, Atropos, who cut the thread of life. Mandrake (the root of ... Plants of the aconitum genus contain the neurotoxin aconitine and in the case of Aconitum ferox; an extremely toxic alkaloid ... the Indian subcontinent by ascetic groups such as the Aghori where it is often mixed with other psychoactive plants or poisons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deliriant

"Notes on poisoning: alfalfa". Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. 8 July ... "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved 3 October 2014. Dasanna, Amit (20 August 2012). "How to make ... they banned further planting of RRA but allowed land already planted to continue. The USDA proposed a partial deregulation of ... The plant grows to a height of up to 1 metre (3 feet 3 inches), and has a deep root system, sometimes growing to a depth of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfalfa

June 2005). "Carboxyatractyloside poisoning in humans". Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health. 25 (2): 125-134. doi: ... Plumlee, Konnie (2004). "Chapter 25 - Plants". Clinical Veterinary Toxicology. Mosby. ISBN 978-0-323-01125-9. Gurley ES, Rahman ... Symptoms of carboxyatractyloside poisoning may include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, palpitations, sweating ... Daniele C, Dahamna S, Firuzi O, Sekfali N, Saso L, Mazzanti G (February 2005). "Atractylis gummifera L. poisoning: an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyatractyloside

"Datura Plant Poisoning" (PDF). Clinical Toxicology Review. 23 (6). Tropane Alkaloid Poisoning on eMedicine Roblot, F; Montaz, L ... Because of the presence of these substances, Datura has been used for centuries in some cultures as a poison. A given plant's ... ISBN 978-90-481-2447-3. Bliss, M. (2001). "Datura Plant Poisoning" (PDF). Clinical Toxicology Review. 23 (6). A Dictionary of ... Bliss, M. (2001). "Datura Plant Poisoning" (PDF). Clinical Toxicology Review. 23 (6). Rätsch, C. (2005) [1998]. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datura

poison. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors), 2008. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 11(1). Medicinal plants 1. PROTA ... Acokanthera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apocynaceae. It comprises 5 species and is generally restricted to ... The sap is among the most commonly used in arrow poisons, including those used for poaching elephant. Species Acokanthera ... Yemen, Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Socotra, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zaire Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acokanthera

"Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 May 2019.. *^ a b c Zohary, Daniel; Maria Hopf (2000). Domestication of plants in the ... Eating such almonds could result in vertigo and other typical bitter almond (cyanide) poisoning effects.[44] ... "Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 May 2019.. *^ "Prunus amygdalus Batsch , Plants of the World Online , Kew Science". ... The Plant List, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb *^ "BĀDĀM - Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 25 May 2019 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond

Zohary, Daniel; Maria Hopf (2000). Domestication of plants in the old world: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in West ... Eating such almonds could result in vertigo and other typical bitter almond (cyanide) poisoning effects.[35] ... The Plant List, Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb. *^ Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z.; the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. ... Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_dulcis

"Animal Poison Control Center: Taro". ASPCA. "Plant poisoning -- Calcium oxalate crystals". Right Diagnosis from Healthgrades. ... as they are likely to tear and harm the soft tissues of the throat or esophagus of a plant predator chewing on the plant's ... "Cell-Mediated Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Plants". The Plant Cell Online. 11 (4): 751-761. doi:10.1105/tpc.11.4.751. ... Plants containing large amounts of raphides are generally acrid and unpalatable. However, it is not always possible to detect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphide

The plants from which the root is obtained are also called "mandrakes". Mediterranean mandrakes are perennial herbaceous plants ... Accidental poisoning is not uncommon. Ingesting mandrake root is likely to have other adverse effects such as vomiting and ... A mandrake is the root of a plant, historically derived either from plants of the genus Mandragora found in the Mediterranean ... Leah gives away the plants to her barren sister, but soon after this (Genesis 30:14-22), Leah, who had previously had four sons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandrake

Holly is dioecious, meaning that there are male plants and female plants. The sex cannot be determined until the plants begin ... Leikin, Jerrold Blair; Frank P. Paloucek (2002). Poisoning & Toxicology Handbook, Third Edition. Hudson, Ohio USA: Lexi-Comp ... "RHS Plant Selector Ilex aquifolium 'J.C. van Tol' (f) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-09-16. "RHS Plant ... "RHS Plant Selector Ilex aquifolium 'Golden Queen' (m/v) AGM / RHS Gardening". Apps.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-09-16. "RHS Plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex_aquifolium

"Symptoms of Plant poisoning -- Lobeline". Zheng G, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA (November 2006). "Vesicular monoamine transporter 2: ... A related alkaloid sedamine, with only one 2-phenylethyl group on the piperidine ring and found in plants of genus sedum, is ... Lobeline is a pyridine alkaloid found in a variety of plants, particularly those in the genus Lobelia, including Indian tobacco ... Analogous compounds, such as lobelane (a minor alkaloid found in the same plants) and its synthetic derivatives have similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobeline

The amount of toxins varies widely from plant to plant. As much as a 5:1 variation can be found between plants, and a given ... Deliberate or inadvertent poisoning resulting from smoking jimsonweed and other related species has been reported. ... The plant is harvested when the fruits are ripe, but still green. To harvest, the entire plant is cut down, the leaves are ... Additionally, within a given plant, toxin concentration varies by part and even from leaf to leaf. When the plant is younger, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datura_stramonium

8 (2): 20-2. "Notes on poisoning: Lupinus sericeus". Canadian Poisonous Plants Information System. Canadian Biodiversity ... Lupin poisoning is a nervous syndrome caused by alkaloids in bitter lupins. Lupin poisoning affects people who eat incorrectly ... doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)81064-2. Citation at plants.usda.gov Plant Profile. lupins.org "Information Portal to promote the use ... Intensive plant breeding programs have ensured that modern lupin varieties have relatively low levels of the alkaloids found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupin_bean

"Cardiac Glycoside Plant Poisoning: Medscape reference". Retrieved 3 July 2012. Anon. "Notes on poisoning:Digitalis purpura". ... The entire plant is toxic (including the roots and seeds). Mortality is rare, but case reports do exist. Most plant exposures ... Drying does not reduce the toxicity of the plant. The plant is toxic to animals, including all classes of livestock and poultry ... As of 2017, Plants of the World Online recognises the following 27 species (and a number of hybrids): Digitalis atlantica Pomel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalis

"Notes on poisoning: Senecio vulgaris". Canadian poisonous plants. Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2008- ... "Plant Physiology. American Society of Plant Biologists. pp. Vol. 92(4): pp. 954-962. Retrieved 2008-02-01. Isonuclear triazine- ... California Native Plant Link Exchange. "Plants that Grow with Senecio vulgaris". Retrieved 2008-02-05.. ... Cornell Poisonous Plants Database (2008-01-16). "Cornell University answers questions about California Bay Area plants". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senecio_vulgaris

Incidents of heavy metal poisoning have been attributed to the use of these compounds in the United States.[64][65][66][67][68] ... De Smet, Peter A.G.M. (December 1997). "The Role of Plant-Derived Drugs and Herbal Medicines in Healthcare". Drugs. 54 (6): 801 ... "Biology-based" as coined by NCCIH may refer to chemicals from a nonbiological source, such as use of the poison lead in ... Ayurveda stresses the use of plant-based medicines and treatments, with some animal products, and added minerals, including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Fire chief David Jennings estimated damages to the plant at $1.1 million, and two of the plant's 600 workers were hospitalized ... which were not packaged in child-proof containers as required by the Poison Prevention Packaging Act. On March 12, 2002, they ... On April 26, 2006, a flash fire damaged a Leiner pharmaceutical plant in the Lakemont Business Park of Fort Mill, South ... citing difficulties related to poor results on a FDA inspection of the company's Fort Mill plant during an inspection in 2007. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiner_Health_Products

"Notes on poisoning: avocado". Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility (2006-06-30). பார்த்த நாள் 2007-12-29. ... Ohr, HD; Coffer MD & McMillan RT (2003-08-04). "Common Names of Plant Diseases". American Phytopathological Society. பார்த்த ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/வெண்ணெய்_பழம்

The high radioactivity of lawrencium would make it highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. The same is true ... all coming from tiny amounts taken by plants. Soluble lutetium salts are mildly toxic, but insoluble ones are not.[83] ... The radioactivity of the actinides generally makes them highly toxic to living cells, causing radiation poisoning. ... Yttrium can be found in edible plants in concentrations between 20 ppm and 100 ppm (fresh weight), with cabbage having the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_3_element

2011) [1984-2000]. The European Garden Flora, Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe ... Aromatic oils, poisons or pheromones produced by leaf borne glands deter herbivores (e.g. eucalypts). ... Esau, Katherine (2006) [1953]. Evert, Ray F (ed.). Esau's Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their ... Haupt, Arthur Wing (1953). Plant morphology. McGraw-Hill.. *. Hawthorne, William; Lawrence, Anna (2013). Plant Identification: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauline

Of 24 plant and 19 vertebrate species experimentally inoculated with EBOV, only bats became infected.[86] The bats displayed no ... and warfarin poisoning.[99][105][106][107] ... Plants, arthropods, rodents, and birds have also been ... "Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus". Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2 (4): 321-25. doi:10.3201/ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

These insects get the poison from a plant. The toxin has been discovered in beetles.[16] This means that they are likely the ... While underwater they like to hide near aquatic plants and rocks. Tree and dart frogs like to live in forests on trees, plants ... Where they live in the same area, the newts get more poisonous, and the snakes develop more resistance to the poison.[6][7][8] ... Frog, toad and newt tadpoles eat plants such as algae and pondweed or filter feed. When they get older, they may start to feed ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

In general, their actual diet in the wild is about 95% plant-based, with the remaining 5% filled with insects, eggs, and baby ... and poisons, weren't introduced until the Upper Paleolithic and possibly even Neolithic.[34] The only hunting tools widely ... During the Paleolithic, hominins grouped together in small societies such as bands, and subsisted by gathering plants and ... Men may have participated in gathering plants, firewood and insects, and women may have procured small game animals for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

It may be a grain spirit or it may be made from other plants. It is used in mixed drinks, liqueurs, and tinctures, and also as ... "Wine, women and poison". Marco Polo in China. Routledge. pp. 147-48. ISBN 978-1-134-27542-7. . Retrieved 2016-07-10. The ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage

Throughout history and in Europe right until the late 18th century, not only animal and plant products were used as medicine, ... Toxicology is the study of hazardous effects of drugs and poisons.. Specialties[edit]. Main article: Medical specialty ... Prehistoric medicine incorporated plants (herbalism), animal parts, and minerals. In many cases these materials were used ... Pharmacology developed in part from herbalism and some drugs are still derived from plants (atropine, ephedrine, warfarin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

"HauptstadtFlughafen-Ministerium plant Lex BER". Focus. 24 May 2015.. *^ "BER liegt acht Monate hinter dem Zeitplan" [BER is 8 ... had been poisoned with a "deadly substance" but survived after a three-month period of illness.[376] ... "Air Berlin plant vorerst kein Drehkreuz in Berlin" [Air Berlin is not planning a hub in Berlin]. Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg( ... which opened as an airfield to accommodate the local Henschel aircraft plant on 15 October 1934. On 22 April 1945, Soviet ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport

They are gymnosperms, cone-bearing seed plants. All extant conifers are perennial woody plants with secondary growth. The great ... They were the main food of herbivorous dinosaurs, and their resins and poisons would have given protection against herbivores. ... Seed germinates and seedling grows into a mature plant.. *When the plant is mature, it produces cones and the cycle continues. ... Plants with unusual growth habits, sizes, and colours are propagated and planted in parks and gardens throughout the world.[25] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferous_forest

... despite still feeling somewhat weak from the poison's after effects. Martinez confronts Jarvis in a rage saying that poisoning ... Sophia informs President Martinez that she believes Thomas intends to steal uranium from a nuclear power plant to open a portal ... Sterling then notices that a sample of the poison could still be in the carpet after the drink is spilt, but the carpet is ... Sterling then realizes that the President's coffee spilled over his shirt, and he now has a sample of the poisoned drink. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Event

Potassium compounds are often used as fertilisers[10]:73[202] as potassium is an important element for plant nutrition. ... and poisons the central nervous system,[219] which is dangerous as the required dosage of lithium to treat bipolar disorder is ... caesium-137 is the principal source of radiation in the zone of alienation around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.[98] Its ... which had been discovered in plant ashes, and sodium, which was known partly for its high abundance in animal blood. He named ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

These inhibit the germination of most competing plants and kill beneficial soil fungi needed by many plants, such as many tree ... and having more vines such as poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans). The overall herb layer biodiversity is also drastically ... "The Plant List.. *^ Turini TA, Daugovish O, Koike ST, Natwick ET, Ploeg A, Dara SK, Fennimore SA, Joseph S, LeStrange M, Smith ... "Frontiers in Plant Science. 7 (451): 451. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00451. PMC 4824781. PMID 27092164.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassicaceae

... freshwater fish and reef tanks to avoid heavy metal poisoning and excess plant/algal growth. ASTM (D2866 Standard Method test) ... Activated carbon is used to treat poisonings and overdoses following oral ingestion. Tablets or capsules of activated carbon ... Plants that rely on thermal regeneration of activated carbon have to be of a certain size before it is economically viable to ... and is particularly ineffective against poisonings of strong acids or alkali, cyanide, iron, lithium, arsenic, methanol, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_charcoal

... as well as Mayo's research in the late 1920s and early 1930s on workers at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant[10] helped to ... multi-layered intervention in a mid-sized Michigan manufacturing plant.[135] The hub of the intervention was the Stress and ... Lead poisoning. *Mad hatter disease. *Mesothelioma. *Metal fume fever. *Mule spinners' cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

"Beluga Whales in Captivity: Hunted, Poisoned, Unprotected". Special Report on Captivity 2006. Canadian Marine Environment ... Plant epithet. *Sacred grove *In India. *Sacred plants *Bodhi Tree. *Lime tree ... They can also be poisoned by swallowing litter, such as plastic bags.[103] Advanced military sonar harms whales. Sonar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

The plant itself is specifically banned in Missouri: "Khat, to include all parts of the plant presently classified botanically ... Bentur, Y.; Bloom-Krasik, A.; Raikhlin-Eisenkraft, B. (2008). "Illicit cathinone ("Hagigat") poisoning". Clinical Toxicology. ... The khat plant is known by a variety of names, such as qat and gat in Yemen, qaat and jaad in Somalia, and chat in Ethiopia.[2] ... Consumption of the plant's leaves in its natural state is also permitted in Israel.[5] The plant has been targeted by anti-drug ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khat

Almost every widely cultivated plant of this group is a considered useful as a companion plant. One reason is because the tiny ... and arrow poisons have been made from various other family species. ... Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus Apium and commonly known as ... The black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes, uses the family Apiaceae for food and host plants for oviposition.[10] The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbelliferae

The plant also contains saponins. Although deadly, the plant has been used as a folk remedy in moderate amounts,[23] and is ... In Season 4, Episode 13 of Breaking Bad, Walter White poisons a child, Brock, with lily of the valley. Jesse believes that the ... məˈdʒeɪlɪs/[1]), sometimes written lily-of-the-valley,[2] is a sweetly scented, highly poisonous woodland flowering plant that ... Gleason, Henry A. and Cronquist, Arthur, (1991), Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley

1] University of Cambridge, General Management of Acute Poisoning, Specific Poisonings: Methanol ... "First Commercial Plant". Carbon Recycling International. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2012.. ... and methanol poisoning is far easier to treat successfully. One substantial concern is that methanol poisoning generally must ... 335M) industrial scale experimental development biofuels plant for production of Biomethanol and BioDME at the Domsjö Fabriker ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_fuel

RNA polymerase IV synthesizes siRNA in plants.[5]. *RNA polymerase V synthesizes RNAs involved in siRNA-directed ... Structure of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (light blue) in complex with α-amanitin (red), a strong poison found in death cap ... heterochromatin formation in plants.[6]. Eukaryotic chloroplasts have an RNAP very similar to bacterial RNAP ("plastid-encoded ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase

This includes non-native invasive plant species labeled as exotic pest plants and invasive exotics growing in native plant ... are alive in ballast discharge and get released into their "new environment" they could cause domoic acid poisoning in ... Hierro, J.L.; R.M. Callaway (2003). "Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion". Plant and Soil. 256 (1): 29-39. doi:10.1023/A: ... Invasive plant pathogens and insect vectors for plant diseases can also suppress agricultural yields and nursery stock. Citrus ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species

Fluoride poisoning Boron Boron is an essential plant nutrient, required primarily for maintaining the integrity of cell walls.[ ... Blevins, Dale G.; Lukaszewski, KM (1998). "Functions of Boron in Plant Nutrition". Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant ... Plants obtain minerals from the soil, and most of the minerals in our diets come directly from plants or indirectly from animal ... Plants get minerals from soil.[3] Most of the minerals in a human diet come from eating plants and animals or from drinking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_mineral

"County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.. ... because the wilted leaves could poison the animals. Removal is not always practical, though, because they often grow in very ... "Plant Physiology. 106 (2): 437-445. doi:10.1104/pp.106.2.437. PMC 159548. PMID 12232341.. ... "Plant Physiology. 98 (4): 1423-1428. doi:10.1104/pp.98.4.1423. PMC 1080367. PMID 16668810.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prunus_serotina

Like Rush, he thought poisons had to be "abstracted" in severely debilitated patients. Instead of purges, he used blisters to ... the poisonous root of a Mexican plant, Ipomoea purga, related to the morning glory, which was dried and powdered before ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793_Philadelphia_yellow_fever_epidemic

... the fish and aquatic plants that live nearby and the composition of the surrounding seawater. Aquarius houses sophisticated lab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarius_Reef_Base

"Plants used for poison fishing in tropical Africa". Toxicon. 44: 417-30. Sep 2004. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.014. PMID ... This is the most extensively used fish poison among the Gondi. Typically in summer, the leaves of this plant are dried and ... Tribal people historically used various plants for medicinal and food exploitation purposes.[4] Use of fish poisons is a very ... Herbal fish-stupefying agents are proven means of fishing, which do not kill fish like chemical poisons. Many of these plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_toxins

... god of plant life, happiness and health and growth in all things Menrva, goddess of war, art, wisdom and health Aceso, goddess ... a scorpion goddess whose blood is a panacea for all poisons Isis, goddess of healing, magic, marriage and perfection Fufluns, ... patron of healers and plants Mami Wata, a pantheon of water deities associated with healing and fertility Sopona, god of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_health_deities

This article describes poisoning caused by eating parts of the Caladium plant and other plants in the Araceae family. ... Alocasia plant poisoning; Angel wings plant poisoning; Colocasia plant poisoning; Heart of Jesus plant poisoning; Texas Wonder ... This article describes poisoning caused by eating parts of the Caladium plant and other plants in the Araceae family. ... If the plant was eaten, wipe out the mouth with a cold, wet cloth, and give the person milk to drink. Call poison control for ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002863.htm

Poisoning can occur if someone swallows these products. ... fertilizers and household plant foods are used to improve plant ... Plant fertilizers and household plant foods are used to improve plant growth. Poisoning can occur if someone swallows these ... Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222 ... You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002841.htm

Atlantic poison oak (T. pubescens) is native to the southeastern United States and is commonly confused with poison ivy (T. ... poison oak: Pacific, or western, poison oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum) is found in western North America, ranging from Baja ... Other articles where Pacific poison oak is discussed: ... Pacific poison oak. plant. THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica ... plant/Pacific-poison-oak", "shareUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/plant/Pacific-poison-oak", "title": "Pacific poison oak", " ...

https://www.britannica.com/plant/Pacific-poison-oak

plant poisoning synonyms, plant poisoning pronunciation, plant poisoning translation, English dictionary definition of plant ... poisoning. n. 1. Botany a. Any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae ... plant part, plant structure - any part of a plant or fungus. poisonous plant - a plant that when touched or ingested in ... Plant poisoning - definition of plant poisoning by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/plant+poisoning ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/plant+poisoning

injested plant food poison I might have injested plant food/poison. Lymph nodes swollen, voice horse, glands are swollen. Could ... It will be best to consult your doctor to determine which plant food/poison you ingested. Treatment will depend on the ...

https://www.news24.com/health24/Experts/cyberdoc/injested-plant-food-poison-20130130

Poison Plants A portfolio of illustrations. of some plants known to be poisonous in S.E. Australia. R. Plant Name. Notes*. ... Plant Databases. Plant Name Index (APNI). Australian Plant Census (APC). Cultivar Names. Registered Cultivars. Common Names. ... Castor Oil Plant, Palma Christi. This plant is dangerously poisonous. It is a very ornamental plant when in leaf. The reddish ... Plant Photographs. Digital Images. All photo records. Photos by Family. Photos by Genus. Non-plant Photos. Conditions & Fees. ...

http://anbg.gov.au/poison-plants/R-poison.html

... compounds found in plants. (NB this does not include fungus,fungal, animal or synthetic poisons or toxins). Ric... ... most toxic fungal poison. LD50. Hi-C. ricin. How much plant life is needed to keep a person alive in a sealed room?. Peritoneal ... Heres a list of the most toxic compounds found in plants. (NB this does not include fungal, animal or synthetic poisons or ... Tubocurarine chloride (curare) another alkaloid found in the Chondrodendron tomentsosum plant, LD50 of 33,200, oral. ...

https://everything2.com/title/most+toxic+plant+poison

... at her San Jose home on Monday night and booked into the Santa Clara County Jail on charges of attempted murder and poisoning, ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-juice-poison-idUSBRE93T18420130430

... with reports that 121 children living near one plant have tested for high levels of lead. The factory makes batteries for cars ... Theres another lead poisoning scandal in industrial China, ... Flint isnt the only city with lead poisoning problems. How ... www.marketplace.org/2009/09/29/china-plant-lead-poisoning-scandal/. COPY THE LINK ... www.marketplace.org/2009/09/29/china-plant-lead-poisoning-scandal/. COPY THE LINK ...

https://www.marketplace.org/2009/09/29/china-plant-lead-poisoning-scandal/

... but what else do you know about rash-causing plants? WebMD explores myths and facts of poison plants. ... You may know to look for poison ivys three-leaf stem, ... Fact. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac grow in wooded ... Poison ivy and poison oak grow as vines or shrubs. Poison sumac is a shrub or tree. ... Use Any Method to Control Plants. Myth. Dont burn poison ivy, oak, or sumac. Particles of urushiol remain in the smoke and can ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/plants_rashes_poison_ivy_oak_sumac/article.htm

... but what else do you know about rash-causing plants? WebMD explores myths and facts of poison plants. ... You may know to look for poison ivys three-leaf stem, ... Fact. Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac grow in wooded ... American Academy of Dermatology: "Poison Ivy, Oak and Sumac.". Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America: "Poison Plants.". ... Poison ivy and poison oak grow as vines or shrubs. Poison sumac is a shrub or tree. ...

https://www.webmd.com/allergies/ss/slideshow-poison-plants

Koch Industries Plant Pollutes Streams, Poisons Residents. Koch Industries Plant Pollutes Streams, Poisons Residents. As the ... You can contribute to Crossetts campaign against the Georgia Pacific plant here. -Teresa Cotsirilos ... Georgia Pacific plant. To learn more about the Koch brothers abysmal environmental track record-and the toxic cloud theyve ...

https://www.thenation.com/article/koch-industries-plant-pollutes-streams-poisons-residents/

... youve been exposed to the smoke of burning poison ivy, poison oak, or pois ... Youve been exposed to the smoke of burning poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac ... What should I do if I am exposed to a poison plant? ... When should I call the doctor about poison plants?. ANSWER Get ...

https://www.webmd.com/allergies/qa/when-should-i-call-the-doctor-about-poison-plants

poison sumac. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by ... click on a thumbnail to view an image, or see all the Toxicodendron thumbnails at the Plants Gallery ... PLANTS Home , USDA.gov. , NRCS. , Site Map , Policies and Links Accessibility Statement , Privacy Policy , Non-Discrimination ... This plant is listed by the U.S. federal government or a state. Common names are from state and federal lists. Click on a place ...

https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=TOVE&photoID=rhve2_1h.jpg&format=print

poison parsley. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known ... Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council. 1996. Invasive exotic pest plants in Tennessee (19 October 1999). Research Committee of ... California Invasive Plant Council. 2006. California Invasive Plant Inventory. Cal-IPC Publication 2006-02 (1 February 2007). ... click on a thumbnail to view an image, or see all the Conium thumbnails at the Plants Gallery ...

https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=coma2

Poison ivy plant with berries. Poison ivy leaves vary greatly in their shape, color and texture. Some leaves have smooth edges ... Poison ivy can produce small, greenish flowers and green or off-white berries. ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/contact-dermatitis/multimedia/poison-ivy-plant-with-berries/img-20006282

Poison ivy plants make a dreadful garden companion. The oil on the leaves and stems of poison ivy-urushiol-is toxic and causes ... How to Get Rid of Poison Ivy Plants. ... 2 Cutting Poison Ivy Plants 3 Using Herbicides to Kill Poison ... Cutting Poison Ivy Plants * {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Get-Rid-of-Poison-Ivy-Plants-Step-4- ... Handling Poison Ivy Safely * {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/00\/Get-Rid-of-Poison-Ivy-Plants-Step-1- ...

https://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Poison-Ivy-Plants

... operator to evacuate all nonindispensable staff and monitor the health of the remaining 50 who are fighting to keep the plants ... Concerns over reported spikes in radiation emission at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant led its ... Concerns over reported spikes in radiation emission at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan led its operator Tuesday to ... evacuate all nonindispensable staff and closely monitor the health of the remaining 50 who are fighting to keep the plants ...

https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703566504576202973065754088

... poison oak, poison sumac, stinging nettles, wood nettles, and giant hogweed. ... Stay itch-free by avoiding these rash-inducing plants on your rides: ... 5 Dangerous Trail Plants That Arent Poison Ivy. Stay itch-free by avoiding these rash-inducing plants on your rides ... If most of your singletrack involves bridges that span swampy areas, youre likely near poison sumac, says Jane Bullis, a plant ...

https://www.bicycling.com/rides/g20034458/5-dangerous-trail-plants-that-arent-poison-ivy/

Coal-burning power plants are poisoning the Chesapeake Bay with millions of harmful pollutants every year, including excessive ... Coal-burning power plants are poisoning the Chesapeake Bay with millions of harmful pollutants every year, including excessive ... Five of the plants are required to monitor for some of the toxic heavy metals, but not all of them. This has serious long-term ... Water for the plant is supplied by the City of Cumberland water system. Fly and bottom ash from Warrior Run, which is highly ...

https://www.cleanwateraction.org/features/power-plant-pollution-poisoning-chesapeake-bay

Medicinal plant preparations to treat food poisoning. Among all the plants that can be used to help combat food poisoning we ... Phytotherapy: Medicinal plants for food poisoning. The use of herbal medicine in the treatment of food poisoning is based on ... NATURAL TREATMENT OF POISONINGS. Before the onset of symptoms of food poisoning, you should see a doctor who will diagnose if ... so its use could be interesting in cases of poisoning from spoiled food. (Infusion of a spoonful of dried plant per cup of ...

https://www.botanical-online.com/english/foodpoisoningremedies.htm

Tags: Colorados toxic plants, Outdoor health hazards, plant poisoning precautions, Plant poisoning symptoms, Plant poisoning ... Colorados backcountry poisonous plants. Posted by @Admin on November 11, 2016. , Featured , No Comments ...

https://milehirafting.com/tag/plant-poisoning-treatment/

... dig out the roots and spray the remaining plant matter with an herbicide. Immediately disinfect tools and... ... To get rid of poison ivy plants, wait until it rains, put on protective gear, cut the stems, ... A: The primary way to distinguish between poison oak and poison ivy is by where the plant grows. Poison oak generally grows ... What re the symptoms of poison oak and poison ivy?. A: Common symptoms of poison oak and poison ivy include itching, red ...

https://www.reference.com/home-garden/rid-poison-ivy-plants-8a1840086be73483

... poisoning. The Institute of Science and Technology for Plants have also developed the technique of aversion to food poisoning ... In Brazil, the plants containing swainsonine constitute a very important group of toxic plants, including Ipomoea carnea subsp ... review on the poisoning of animals by plants containing swainsonine in Brazil. The paper was published in Ciência Rural , v. 43 ... Besides providing knowledge about the conditions under which poisoning occur, the article discusses new techniques that have ...

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext_pr&pid=S0103-84782013011300001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

In addition, Western Milling agreed to cease all manufacturing of horse feed at its Goshen plant by April 15, 2017. ... As a result of the September 2015 poisoning, the California Department of Food and Agriculture revoked Western Millings ...

https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article220815710.html

... management and prevention of plant poisoning in domestic animals. Accurate Identification of plant materials through the use of ... Nitrate Poisoning. References. Chapter 9 Plants Affecting the Musculoskeletal System. Plant-Induced Calcinosis. Plant: Day- ... Brassica Poisoning. Glucosinolate Poisoning. Clinical Signs; Treatment; Preventive Measures. Red Maple Poisoning. Plant: Acert ... Bracken Fern Poisoning in Horses. Bracken Fern Poisoning in People. References. Chapter 6 Plants Affecting the Nervous System. ...

https://www.routledge.com/A-Guide-to-Plant-Poisoning-of-Animals-in-North-America-1st-Edition/Knight-Walter/p/book/9781893441255

The results of poisoning can range from minor irritations and slightly lowered animal performance to severe cases where the ... The results of poisoning can range from minor irritations and slightly lowered animal performance to severe cases where the ... There are many plants which contain chemicals or which accumulate chemicals that are poisonous to livestock. ... There are many plants which contain chemicals or which accumulate chemicals that are poisonous to livestock. ...

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/dairy/facts/87-016.htm

... Jul 26, 2013. ... The three most common culprits-poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac-are native to America and caught European explorers by ... All three poison plants have compound leaves, most commonly with three leaflets. My Grandma Bert used to say, "Leaves of three ... Thats right, the poison plants are back. And this summer they promise to send 40 million Americans to the doctor. ...

https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/700childrens/2013/07/the-poison-plants-of-summer-poison-ivy-oak-and-sumac

Find out which holiday plants are poisonous and harmful to dogs and cats. ... Home , Poison List , Owners Guide , Veterinarians , Whats New , About , Contact , Privacy Policy. ©2017 Pet Poison Helpline ... Pet Poison Helpline is a 24-hour animal poison control service available throughout the U.S., Canada, and the Caribbean for pet ... Staff Veterinarian at Pet Poison Helpline. Christmas is a busy time of year for us at Pet Poison Helpline! Of course, we ...

http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/uncategorized/deck-halls-holiday-plants-toxic/

... of environmental groups fighting to keep the governments of Bangladesh and India from building a giant coalfired power plant ... The Fight to Stop a Giant Coal Plant From Poisoning The Lungs of South Asia ... What threat would the coal power plant pose?. The power plant does not include critical pollution reduction technologies, so ... The plant would spew mercury and smog-causing chemicals across the hundreds of small mangrove islands where Bengal tigers hunt ...

https://earthjustice.org/blog/2018-july/a-conversation-with-sultana-kamal-environmental-activist-dhaka-bangladesh

Before the onset of symptoms of food poisoning, you should see a doctor who will diagnose if you are really suffering a food intoxication , and will apply a suitable treatment. (botanical-online.com)
Plants with sedative properties for the digestive system to reduce the unpleasant symptoms of intoxication. (botanical-online.com)
What re the symptoms of poison oak and poison ivy? (reference.com)
Poisoning can have a wide variety of symptoms, since some poisons affect the digestive tract and cause colic as a first sign while others affect the nervous system and cause the horse to become uncoordinated and staggering or mentally deranged. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
If your vet can determine from symptoms and any other evidence what the horse ate, he can more readily give proper treatment - if there is an antidote that will work for that particular poison. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Depending on how a particular substance affects your dog's body and how much was ingested or inhaled, pet poisoning symptoms can include gastrointestinal and neurological problems, cardiac and respiratory distress, coma , and even death. (webmd.com)
The pet poisoning symptoms they may produce include stomach upset, depression , chemical burns, renal failure and death. (webmd.com)
Symptoms of alcohol poisoning in animals are similar to those in people, and may include vomiting, breathing problems , coma and, in severe cases, death. (webmd.com)
More detailed information about the symptoms , causes , and treatments of Plant poisoning -- Andromedotoxin is available below. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Severity of symptoms vary depending on the amount of plant material consumed and the body size of the person. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Different plants act in different ways and therefore produce different symptoms. (infonet-biovision.org)
If the exposure exceeds that amount, then the symptoms of poisoning begin to appear. (scienceclarified.com)
Tiny amounts have deadly results in humans, though squirrels and rabbits seem to be able to nibble these fungi without suffering amanitin poisoning (although few people have likely followed these animals for the 6-24 hours that it typically takes for the symptoms to develop). (novascotia.ca)
A veterinarian should always be consulted when some type of poisoning is suspected, and especially so if you have determined that you have a poisonous plant growing on or near your property, and your horse is exhibiting symptoms of illness. (petmd.com)
Poison oak symptoms include extreme itching, a rash or red streaks and patches, blisters that contain and sometimes leak fluid and inflammation," says Dr. Welsch. (ahchealthenews.com)
Dr. Welsch says poison sumac symptoms are similar to those of poison oak and poison ivy, causing an itchy and blistering rash. (ahchealthenews.com)
The symptoms include holes or perforated patches in the leaves, followed by a complete degradation of the leaf tissue, sometimes resulting in the death of the plant. (gibellaquarium.us)
The symptoms of poisoning often show as a random degeneration of leaf tissue, holes, or generally ill or weak-looking plants. (gibellaquarium.us)
Sometimes the symptoms are very similar to those produced as a result of nutrient deficiencies, although in cases of poisoning, the symptoms appear much more quickly. (gibellaquarium.us)
Paula Parker, an emergency vet and AVA president, says that although many plants are mild-to-moderate in terms of toxicity and can cause 'mild' symptoms like gastrointestinal upset. (abc.net.au)
Unlike existing remedies, these antidotes target the root cause of poisoning, rather than just treating the symptoms. (ornl.gov)
Most plant ingestions, including the plants listed in the table Moderately Poisonous Plants , result in minimal symptoms unless the leaves and other components are concentrated into a paste or brewed into a tea. (msdmanuals.com)
Hemlock poisoning (poison hemlock and water hemlock) can cause symptoms within 15 minutes. (msdmanuals.com)
If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. (wikipedia.org)
Nicotine poisoning tends to produce symptoms that follow a biphasic pattern. (wikipedia.org)

Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac grow in wooded or marshy areas throughout North America. (medicinenet.com)
Poison sumac is a shrub or tree. (medicinenet.com)
Poison sumac leaves grow in clusters of seven to 13 leaves, with one by itself at the end. (medicinenet.com)
A rash from poison ivy, oak, or sumac looks like patches or streaks of red, raised blisters. (medicinenet.com)
If you know you've made contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac, wash the area with lukewarm water and soap ASAP. (medicinenet.com)
If someone in your household has poison ivy, oak, or sumac, you can't catch it from them, even if you come into contact with the blisters. (medicinenet.com)
Don't burn poison ivy, oak, or sumac. (medicinenet.com)
If most of your singletrack involves bridges that span swampy areas, you're likely near poison sumac, says Jane Bullis, a plant and wildlife expert and the administrator of Merrill Creek Reservoir in New Jersey. (bicycling.com)
Poison sumac is primarily found in the eastern third of the country, especially in the Southeast, where boggy areas are abundant. (bicycling.com)
Poison sumac takes the form of small trees and shrubberies, branching from the base. (bicycling.com)
Poison sumac contains the same itch-inducing urushiol oil as poison ivy, and it's just as unpleasant to contract. (bicycling.com)
The three most common culprits-poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac-are native to America and caught European explorers by surprise. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Poison sumac grows in swampy areas of the Southeastern United States where it can reach heights of twenty feet. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Poison Sumac is a woody shrub that can grow to the size of a small tree and contains a toxic resin that is very irritating to humans. (adirondack.net)
Because it starts out small and looks similar to other harmless plants, it is important to note the red stems and other distinguishing factors of the Poison Sumac shrub to help you avoid it. (adirondack.net)
Poison Sumac contrasts with other sumacs by having shorter leaves that aren't as elongated and are smooth around the edges. (adirondack.net)
Poison Sumac is a serious irritant that produces a burning, itchy rash comparable to poison ivy and lasting several days to weeks. (adirondack.net)
All parts of the Poison Sumac plant are toxic, causing irritation to the skin and mucous membranes. (adirondack.net)
Recognizing Poison Sumac on sight is the key to avoiding it. (adirondack.net)
If your skin or clothing has come into contact with a Poison Sumac plant, thoroughly wash the affected area as soon as possible to remove the oil that causes irritation. (adirondack.net)
This not only makes a great treatment for poison ivy, oak or sumac, but also rashes, bug bites, and minor scratches. (diynatural.com)
Dr. Michael Jude Welsch , a dermatologist associated with Advocate Christ Medical Center in Oak Lawn, Ill., shares four common rashes or irritations he has seen from plants, beyond poison ivy: poison oak, poison sumac, stinging nettle and giant hogweed. (ahchealthenews.com)
This is often common for rashes like poison ivy, oak or sumac. (ahchealthenews.com)
is a helpful reminder for identifying poison ivy and oak, but not poison sumac which usually has clusters of 7-13 leaves. (cdc.gov)
Poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac each have 3 leaflets . (hilliardpeds.com)
Poison sumac prefers swampy areas of the Southeastern states. (hilliardpeds.com)
Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison ivy ( Toxicodendron radican ), Eastern poison oak ( Toxicodendron quercifolium ), Western poison oak ( Toxicodendron diversilobum ), and poison sumac ( Toxicodendron vernix ) are all members of the same family - Anacardiaceae . (howstuffworks.com)
Poison sumac, seen here, can also cause outbreaks. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison ivy's cousins, poison oak and poison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest and along the Mississippi River. (howstuffworks.com)

NB this does not include fungal , animal or synthetic poisons or toxins). (everything2.com)
Then, carefully turn the bags inside out and throw them away after you finish pulling up the plants since it can be difficult to wash your shoes to remove the toxins. (wikihow.com)
If you can't wash your shoes, be sure to cover them while you're working near the poison ivy so the toxins don't transfer to them. (wikihow.com)
Most plants contain potent defense toxins. (oneradionetwork.com)
Other naturally occurring toxins are substances produced by plants and animals. (scienceclarified.com)
In many cases, these toxins are part of a plant or animal's natural defense system, protecting them from other plants and animals that prey on them. (scienceclarified.com)
Most plants contain some level of toxins (like alkaloids ) for defense. (curiousread.com)
The basic method is straightforward: Find out what toxins lurk in your patch of ground, and come up with a regimen of plants appropriate for the climate that hyper-accumulate those particular toxins. (grit.com)
Plant toxins can appear in food crops, to ensure we keep food safe there is legislation and guidance in place on plant toxins. (food.gov.uk)
Plant toxins are found naturally in certain plant species and are produced by plants as a defence mechanism. (food.gov.uk)
Sometimes plants with these toxins appear as weeds in food crops which means the seeds or leaves can get mixed accidentally with the main crop at harvest. (food.gov.uk)
Some other toxins are natural constituents of plant products such as erucic acid in some oils, hydrocyanic acid in apricot kernels and opium alkaloids in poppy plants. (food.gov.uk)
Guidance is provided to industry, including farmers, to advise on the agronomic practices to help reduce the contamination of food products with plant toxins. (food.gov.uk)

If your dog likes to chew on plants in the garden, skip this flower. (veterinaryemergencygroup.com)

This paper is a synthesis of widely-scattered literature in anthropology, entomology, and chemistry, dealing with San ("Bushmen") arrow poisons. (ku.edu)
om hunters in Namibia revealed major differences in the nature and preparation of arrow poisons, bow and arrow construction, and poison antidote. (ku.edu)
Arrow poisons are used to poison arrow heads or darts for the purposes of hunting and warfare. (wikipedia.org)
Notable examples are the poisons secreted from the skin of the poison dart frog , and curare (or 'ampi'), a general term for a range of plant-derived arrow poisons used by the indigenous peoples of South America . (wikipedia.org)
Curare is a generic term for arrow poisons that contain tubocurarine , curarine, quinine, protocurarine and related alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
In Africa arrow poisons are made from plants that contain cardiac glycosides , such as Acokanthera (possessing ouabain ), oleander ( Nerium oleander ), milkweeds ( Asclepias ), or Strophanthus , all of which are in the Apocynaceae family. (wikipedia.org)
Several species of Aconitum or "aconite," belonging to the buttercup family, have been used as arrow poisons. (wikipedia.org)
As the infection progresses, muscle spasms develop in the jaw Arrow poisons from plants Arrow poisons are used to poison arrow heads or darts for hunting. (studyres.com)
As the infection progresses, muscle spasms develop in the jaw Arrow poisons for Homo sapiens - the enemy Hunting with bow and arrow occurred when few people & lots of prey was around Killing human competitors with bow and arrow when too many people around to sustain hunting. (studyres.com)
In Greek toxicon = poison, toxon = arrow helenion & minon unidentified arrow poisons of the Dacians hellebores or Christmas roses were used as arrow poisons buttercup Helleborus orientalis & lily representative Veratrum album plants not easy to gather: causing sneezing & blisters, hellebores were used as panacea since they had an immediate purgative effect. (studyres.com)

Its control involves removing the animals immediately from where the plant occurs and eliminate infected areas. (scielo.br)
Plant poisoning usually occurs as an outbreak and as a result when it does occur, losses may be heavy. (infonet-biovision.org)
Plant poisoning occurs less commonly in dogs and cats than in herbivorous livestock, but numerous cases have been documented worldwide, most of them caused by common and internationally widely cultivated ornamental garden and house plants. (scielo.org.za)
In the U.S., fly poison occurs from Oklahoma and Missouri across the Southeast and extending north into New York. (anps.org)
Since most little brown mushrooms (LBM s) all look very similar this sort of poisoning usually occurs when inexperienced mushroom gatherers accidentally collect them as food, or inadvertently collect them along with those containing psychoactive compounds. (novascotia.ca)
Poisoning occurs by inhalation of the dry mixture, the introduction of injection, use of liquid. (vsebolezni.com)
This spreading of the rash occurs when the plants oils spread around to new areas before they are washed away. (hilliardpeds.com)
Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. (wikipedia.org)

Poppy seeds are obtained from the opium poppy plant which contains narcotic alkaloids such as morphine and codeine. (food.gov.uk)

Daucus carota ) Regular consumption of this vegetable can help prevent or decrease the toxicity of food poisoning caused by listeriosis. (botanical-online.com)
Of course, we receive many calls about pets eating chocolate and other treats, but we also answer many questions about the toxicity of the festive plants used to decorate the home and given as gifts during the holiday season. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Regulators have designed toxicity tests on the premise that pesticides are sprayed on plants and kill insects on contact. (rabble.ca)
Cattle production in South Africa is on a more modest scale, but with some 600 species of plants and fungi known to cause toxicity in livestock, as opposed to some 130 species in Brazil, the risk to livestock in South Africa appears to be much greater. (scielo.org.za)
between 2000 and 2012, the number of plants with proven toxicity to livestock under experimental and natural conditions almost doubled to 130. (scielo.org.za)
The American Society of Florists says no other consumer plant has been tested for toxicity more than the poinsettia. (truthorfiction.com)
The ASPCA Animal Poison Center in Urbana, Illinois says it regards poinsettias as having such low toxicity risk that it doesn't even recommend decontaminating animals that may have ingested them. (truthorfiction.com)
A study released in 2000 by Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University found that out of nearly 23,000 poinsettia exposures reported to poison control centers nationwide, there was essentially no toxicity of significance of any kind. (truthorfiction.com)
Few cases of poisoning of cats and dogs have been reported in southern Africa, but many of the plants that have caused poisoning in these species elsewhere are widely available in the subregion and are briefly reviewed in terms of toxic principles, toxicity, species affected, clinical signs, and prognosis. (scielo.org.za)
In plants, chronic toxicity can often be recognized in terms of decreased productivity (in comparison with plants that are not chronically exposed to the toxic chemicals in question). (scienceclarified.com)
Many popular ivy plants, including English ivy and Devil's ivy/Golden Pothos, have moderate toxicity to pets. (abc.net.au)
The philodendron family, which includes Swiss cheese plant, heartleaf and fiddle-leaf philodendron, have a toxicity level of mild to moderate for cats and dogs. (abc.net.au)
Although considered a medicinal plant for humans, aloe vera's level of toxicity is mild to moderate for cats and dogs. (abc.net.au)

What may be a harmless plant species in one circumstance could be deadly in another. (gov.on.ca)
These plants produce a harmless sap which for centuries the natives of the rainforests have refined into a deadly poison. (jrank.org)
Still poisoning wasnt that popular in normal fighting because during skirmishes the idea is to kill your enemy outright not when the poison kicks in a few hours later" no one used slow poisons i would imagine, they prolly always used deadly fast acting ones when in battle. (shroomery.org)
The poison hemlock famously drunk by Socrates is deadly, but the water hemlock is just as fatal. (curiousread.com)
if more than two are joined, they are called peptides, rings of amino acids joined together make cyclopeptides like amanitins, some of which are the most deadly poisons known. (novascotia.ca)
Nicotine poisoning can potentially be deadly, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare. (wikipedia.org)

Individual plant species and varieties may differ in their poisonous content from early growth to maturity. (gov.on.ca)
Different animal species are susceptible to different plants and poisons. (gov.on.ca)
Unfortunately for many plant species, the nature of the toxic substance has not yet been identified. (gov.on.ca)
Some plant species normally have high levels, the highest levels occurring in early growth stages and decreasing as the plants mature. (gov.on.ca)
Mistletoe - There are several species of mistletoe, and store-bought mistletoe plants will commonly have the berries replaced with plastic berries. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Ribbon plant is a common name used for many species of Dracaena plants. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Dracaena species plants contain saponins which may cause drooling, vomiting, weakness, incoordination and dilated pupils (cats) when ingested. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Alien plant species accounted for most cases (n=10) of reported poison exposures. (bva.co.uk)
Since most reported cases involved taxa that could not be identified to species level, more attention should be paid in case reporting and in animal poisoning prevention, engaging the public to enable people to recognise potentially hazardous plants and reduce the risk of poisoning in animals. (bva.co.uk)
Southern Africa has about 600 species of plants known to cause poisoning of livestock, and the total cost of plant poisoning and mycotoxicoses to the livestock industry in South Africa was estimated at ZAR 150 million (Kellerman et al . (scielo.org.za)
Fly poison ( Amianthium muscitoxicum *) of the Bunchflower (Melanthiaceae) family, the only species in the genus, bears white flowers that change to green. (anps.org)
The black-legged dart frog , a species of poison dart frog whose secretions are used in the preparation of poison darts. (wikipedia.org)
In South America , tribes such as the Noanamá Chocó and Emberá Chocó of western Colombia dip the tips of their blowgun darts in the poison found on the skin of three species of Phyllobates , a genus of poison dart frog . (wikipedia.org)
Even poison ivy and poison oak may have more than three leaves and their form may vary greatly depending upon the exact species encountered, the local environment, and the season. (cdc.gov)
One or more of the most common poisonous plant species are found throughout the United States (except Alaska and Hawaii). (cdc.gov)

Archaeologists have long believed that our ancestors used poisons extracted from plants such as foxgloves and hemlock to make their weapons more lethal and kill their prey more swiftly. (le.ac.uk)

Castor beans contain ricin, an extremely concentrated cellular poison. (msdmanuals.com)
The most "useful" for military poison - ricin, able to paralyze or cause death. (vsebolezni.com)

Just because you've never had a rash from one of these plants doesn't mean you're in the clear. (medicinenet.com)
But given the risk of skin rash even with precautions, if the plants aren't harming the garden (or near children or pets), it's best to leave them alone. (bostonglobe.com)
If you do accidentally touch poison ivy or poison oak, act quickly - a rash will form in about 10 minutes. (bostonglobe.com)
Above all, Jewelweed is great for combating poison ivy rash . (diynatural.com)
When this substance comes in contact with our skin, it can lead to a reaction we know as poison ivy rash. (jamaicahospital.org)
There are several ways to minimize our exposure and reaction to plants that can cause poison ivy rash. (jamaicahospital.org)
These reactions are called "Phytophotodermatiti" or literally: plants, light, rash. (ahchealthenews.com)
More than half of all children and adults will develop an itchy , spreading rash after touching these plants or touching something that contacted the plant. (hilliardpeds.com)
People who did not previously develop this rash may become more sensitive over time to these plants. (hilliardpeds.com)
However, there are a significant number of other plants that can cause the same rash. (hilliardpeds.com)
It is not possible to tell which plant caused the rash by looking at the rash. (hilliardpeds.com)
It is uncommon for a poisonous plant rash to develop an infection . (hilliardpeds.com)
Poison ivy is among the more well known rash-inducing plants, but other sources of springtime skin irritation are less well known. (consumeraffairs.com)
When the sun's UV rays are combined with exposure to certain plants -- such as citrus fruits, like lemons and limes -- people can develop a condition called phytophotodermatitis, which leads to a rash and darkened skin," Trevino said in a statement. (consumeraffairs.com)
The leaves and stems of eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) contain an oil, called urushiol, which can cause a red itchy rash or blisters several days after you touch it. (howstuffworks.com)
The culprit behind the rash is a chemical in the sap of poison ivy plants called urushiol ( oo-roo-shee-ohl ). (howstuffworks.com)
Poison ivy isn't the only plant that can cause a rash. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison ivy causes a red, itchy rash caused by the plant that bears its name. (howstuffworks.com)
The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes causes blisters . (howstuffworks.com)
Some people may boast that they've been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten a rash, but that doesn't necessarily mean they're not allergic. (howstuffworks.com)
Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant - the leaves, stems and roots- it's best to avoid the plant entirely to prevent a rash. (howstuffworks.com)
The rash caused by poison ivy often is red and sometimes causes blisters. (howstuffworks.com)

Pet Poison Helpline is a 24-hour animal poison control service available throughout the U.S., Canada, and the Caribbean for pet owners and veterinary professionals who require assistance with treating a potentially poisoned pet. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
If you think your pet has eaten something potentially toxic, call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary treatment. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
If you suspect poisoning, get immediate veterinary help, and try to figure out what the animal might have eaten. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Just as we can be sickened or killed by medications intended to help us, cases of pet poisoning by veterinary drugs are not uncommon. (webmd.com)
The consensus of government agencies, health centers, veterinary groups, and plant and flower organizations that we've surveyed, however, is that poinsettias are not toxic and do not pose a health threat to children or pets. (truthorfiction.com)
The American Veterinary Medicine Association of America (AVMA), doesn't include poinsettias on its list of plants that are a threat to animals. (truthorfiction.com)
Botha, CJ & Penrith, M-L 2009, 'Potential plant poisonings in dogs and cats in southern Africa', Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 63-74. (up.ac.za)

Concerns over reported spikes in radiation emission at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan led its operator Tuesday to evacuate all nonindispensable staff and closely monitor the health of the remaining 50 who are fighting to keep the plant's reactors cooled down manually. (wsj.com)
Boiling destroys more of a plant's defense poisons than steaming. (oneradionetwork.com)
Nearly two weeks after the twin March 11 disasters, nuclear officials were still struggling to stabilise the damaged and overheated Fukushima Dai-Ichi plant, which has been leaking radiation since the disasters knocked out the plant's cooling systems. (sott.net)
The name "fly poison" relates to early Americans' use of the plant's bulbs (crushed with a sweetener) to kill flies. (anps.org)
Rather than being deterred by the plant's poisons, the rootworm actually uses them to track down the most nutritious meals. (schneier.com)

however, there is limited account of poisoning from South Africa. (bva.co.uk)
This study sought to describe and provide an overview of animal poison exposures in South Africa. (bva.co.uk)
Features of animal poisoning in South Africa were similar to those in other countries. (bva.co.uk)
Information on intoxication of livestock by plants in Brazil, in terms of cause, clinical signs and pathology, is compared with information on livestock poisoning by plants in South Africa. (scielo.org.za)
The aim of the present communication is to make some of the information that is relevant to important plant intoxications in South Africa available in English. (scielo.org.za)
The expected annual losses due to plant poisoning of domestic ruminants in South Africa in 1996 were 37 665 cattle (10% of expected cattle deaths) and 264 851 small stock per year (Kellerman, Naudé & Fourie 1996). (scielo.org.za)
The aptly-named Bushman's poison has famously been used by the Khoisan of South Africa to poison the tips of their arrows. (curiousread.com)

Further ethnobotanical and pharmacological research should focus on the medicinal applications of rotenone-yielding plants. (springer.com)
Join us on the 1st of March 2018 when our event will begin with brief foray into the world's most well-known medicinal and toxic plants. (eventbrite.co.uk)
We will discuss 'Big Pharma' in the context of our times, ancient uses of medicinal plants and fungi as well discover how our growing knowledge of plants and fungi is offering new opportunities to medical research. (eventbrite.co.uk)
In some cases children have become poisoned by topical medicinal creams which contain nicotine. (wikipedia.org)

Poisoning can occur if someone swallows these products. (medlineplus.gov)
Besides providing knowledge about the conditions under which poisoning occur, the article discusses new techniques that have been developed for the control of diseases produced by these plants. (scielo.br)
Georgia Power spokespeople have told local reporters that heavy metals found in drinking water near the plant occur naturally in Central Georgia. (wabe.org)
Compared with some parts of the world East Africa is fortunate in the relatively small losses of stock which occur from poisonous plants. (infonet-biovision.org)
Poisoning in such animals may, however, occur when grazing is scarce, or when they are taken to a new area of grazing on the same farm. (infonet-biovision.org)
Plant poisoning is not common but when it does occur it may have devastating effects so rapid diagnosis is vital. (infonet-biovision.org)
For every poison, there is a certain threshold of tolerance below which no harmful effect is likely to occur. (scienceclarified.com)
Areas where these elements occur in large concentrations are usually barren of plants and animals. (scienceclarified.com)
Like fish and other living organisms , plants can be adversely affected by a number of chemicals, and poisoning can easily occur in plants. (gibellaquarium.us)
Poisoning can occur as a result of using chemical treatments in the aquarium. (gibellaquarium.us)
As the poisoning develops, convulsions and changes in fingernail pigmentation called leukonychia striata (Mees's lines, or Aldrich-Mees's lines) may occur. (wikipedia.org)

Poison oak is larger, more shrub-like, and found west of the Rockies. (nationwidechildrens.org)
It comes from the leaves or stems of the western poison oak plant, which looks like a leafy shrub and can grow up to six feet tall, and in some cases, grows like a climbing vine. (ahchealthenews.com)
Unlike its white honeysuckle counterpart, Lonicera japonica, this will not spread out of control and will instead be a shrub-like, contained plant. (gardenguides.com)
Poison oak grows as a shrub and can reach 1 to 6 feet (.3 to 1.8 meters) in height. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison Ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans) , is a perennial woody plant that grows as either a low shrub or a climbing vine. (wisc.edu)
Use foliar sprays to spot treat shrub-form poison ivy plants or vining poison ivy growing on inert objects (e.g., fences), but only apply treatments after leaves are fully expanded and plants are actively growing (i.e., summer and early fall). (wisc.edu)

Wild plant and mushroom poisoning, In: Auerbach PS, ed. (medlineplus.gov)
This alkaloid atropine is also used to counter the effects of nerve gas or mushroom poisoning. (everything2.com)
There were 20 plant cases and 6 mushroom cases (all dogs). (bva.co.uk)
Accordingly, if people cook or fry this mushroom dose of poison will still get it. (vsebolezni.com)

Animals may build up resistance to certain poisons by being exposed to small quantities at first. (gov.on.ca)
Then its all about which tribe makes remedies for certain poisons. (shroomery.org)

Atlantic poison oak ( T. pubescens ) is native to the southeastern United States and is commonly confused with poison ivy ( T. radicans ). (britannica.com)
All three poison plants have compound leaves, most commonly with three leaflets. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Poison Ivy ( Toxicodendron radicans) is one of the most notorious and commonly found plants, but it can be difficult to identify for those who do not have much experience outdoors, as it comes in a variety of sizes and is easily confused with other plants. (naturalnorthflorida.com)
The most commonly seen plants are the juveniles, and the leaves on these plants are usually between 1 and 2 inches long with jagged edges. (naturalnorthflorida.com)
In the U.S., the bryony plant is more commonly found in the Northwest states. (petmd.com)
A few commonly grown plants are highly poisonous, and many plants are moderately poisonous (see table Moderately Poisonous Plants ). (msdmanuals.com)
Synaptolepis alternifolia is a commonly used fish poison plant in Zimbabwe. (phytojournal.com)

Be careful -- urushiol remains active, even on dead plants. (medicinenet.com)
The oil on the leaves and stems of poison ivy-urushiol-is toxic and causes severe dermatitis upon contact , and respiratory problems if you burn it. (wikihow.com)
Even a small amount of urushiol from poison ivy leaves or stems can cause a reaction depending on how sensitive you are to it. (wikihow.com)
The offending substance in the oil is urushiol (oo-ROO-shee-awl), a yellowish chemical inside the leaves, stems, and roots of the plant. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Urushiol is an oily resin found in the leaves, stems and roots of each plant. (jamaicahospital.org)
About 85 percent of people are allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. (howstuffworks.com)
But when urushiol from the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. (howstuffworks.com)
All parts of poison ivy plants (including leaves, stems and roots) produce a resinous oil called urushiol that can cause severe itching, inflammation and blistering. (wisc.edu)
Urushiol is present not only in living poison ivy plants but can remain active in dead plants for up to two years. (wisc.edu)
Dr. West's Poison Ivy Wash) can also help to detoxify urushiol and ease itching. (wisc.edu)
If you believe your pet has been exposed to poison ivy, immediately bathe them using a pet-safe shampoo to remove urushiol residues. (wisc.edu)

If you suspect your pet has been exposed to a potential toxin, contact your veterinarian or call Pet Poison Helpline right away at 1-800-213-6680. (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Depending on the toxin involved, he may try to remove any residual poison from the gut with purgatives and an adsorbent like activated charcoal, which collects some types of poison. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Andromedotoxin is a toxin found naturally in plants such as aloe vera, senna, rhubarb and Cascara buckthorn. (rightdiagnosis.com)
The term toxin refers to a poison produced by a living organism, such as a microorganism, a plant, or an animal. (scienceclarified.com)
In everyday practice, the terms poison and toxin are often used interchangeably. (scienceclarified.com)
For example, did you know that many grain-bearing plants contain a toxin known as lectins? (curiousread.com)
Your only chance in the event of poisoning is prompt, accurate identification of the fungus and its toxin, so that treatment and monitoring can be more effective. (novascotia.ca)
It is applied to the arrow either by mixing it with plant sap to act as an adhesive, The toxin is slow attacking and large animals can survive 4-5 days before succumbing to the effects. (studyres.com)
We spoke with a series of pet experts - including pet safety expert and author of " The Safe Dog Handbook " Melanie Monteiro, pet expert Arden Moore at Four Legged Life , and director of the ASPCA's Animal Poison Control Center Dr. Tina Wismer who compiles the ASPCA's annual toxin list - who all gave us a litany of common household items that are damanging to our pets' health. (businessinsider.com)

This plant doesn't discriminate: It can be found in the woods all over North America. (bicycling.com)
Geographic location maps are provided which highlight the distribution of specific plant material within North America. (routledge.com)
Poison ivy is native to North America and is common in Wisconsin, growing in pastures, roadside ditches, fence rows, wooded forests, beaches and parks. (wisc.edu)

There is no record of poisoning in humans but the plant can cause blindness in horses. (anbg.gov.au)
However, if the plants become dry, insect-chewed, or otherwise damaged, the oil leaks to the surface where it comes into contact with humans and other animals. (nationwidechildrens.org)
These natural chemicals most likely contribute to plant defence against pests and diseases, but are also enjoyed in small amounts by humans and are believed to contribute to the health promoting properties of cruciferous vegetables. (oneradionetwork.com)
In the last couple of centuries, humans have done a strange thing: We've dug the biggest pits, the deepest holes, and the longest tunnels the world has ever seen, all to find the most insidious and subtle poisons known to our mammalian bodies, remove them from deep inside rocks where they had lain sequestered for eons, and concentrate them in the places where most of us live. (grit.com)
When these plants are sown on contaminated ground, they absorb the contaminants into their tissues, gradually reducing the amount in the soil until it is safe for humans. (grit.com)

To get rid of poison ivy plants, wait until it rains, put on protective gear, cut the stems, dig out the roots and spray the remaining plant matter with an herbicide. (reference.com)
Hand weeding large plants is difficult due to the extensive root growth and adventitious rooting of stems. (ncsu.edu)
Many parts of these plants contain the oils that cause the problems for our skin: the leaves, stems, roots, and (possibly) the berries. (hilliardpeds.com)
Alternatively, at any time of the year, cut poison ivy stems near the soil surface and paint the stumps with a more concentrated herbicide formulation. (wisc.edu)

The plants are dangerously poisonous particularly the pods and seeds. (anbg.gov.au)
Neonicotinoids -- members of a relatively new class of insecticides -- are applied to crop seeds before planting. (rabble.ca)
Plants hand us their fruit to spread their seeds, but aren't thrilled when we eat their hands instead of their fruit. (oneradionetwork.com)
The sap or juice of the seeds is smeared on the arrowhead on its own or mixed with other plant extracts. (wikipedia.org)
The other purpose of the plant - production of poison from seeds. (vsebolezni.com)

Poison ivy can produce small, greenish flowers and green or off-white berries. (mayoclinic.org)
It bears grayish-white fruit (similar to poison ivy's berries). (bicycling.com)
While the whole plant is toxic to a horse (i.e., leaves, berries, vines), the berries and roots of the plant hold the most poison. (petmd.com)
While both plants' berries begin green, the white bryony's berries ripen to black colored berries, while the black byrony's berries ripen to red colored berries. (petmd.com)
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. (wakehealth.edu)
The berries of poison ivy plants are whitish to yellow-green, grow in grape-like clusters, and remain on the plant throughout the Winter. (hilliardpeds.com)
In late summer, poison ivy produces clusters of whitish berries. (wisc.edu)

When poison ivy leaves burn, they put out chemicals that can bother your eyes, nose, or lungs. (medicinenet.com)
There are many plants which contain chemicals or which accumulate chemicals that are poisonous to livestock. (gov.on.ca)
In some cases, damage to the plant or wilting may produce poisonous chemicals in the plant which were not present in the fresh material. (gov.on.ca)
The plant would spew mercury and smog-causing chemicals across the hundreds of small mangrove islands where Bengal tigers hunt spotted deer and monkeys. (earthjustice.org)
Instead of killing the plants with chemicals or trying to cut them back, dig them out altogether using a shovel. (bostonglobe.com)
The vegetarian forgets how toxic plants have to be because they don't have the ability to fight or run, so what they use is chemicals for defense. (oneradionetwork.com)
Not surprisingly, chemicals contained in antifreeze, paint thinner, and chemicals for pools also can act as dog poison. (webmd.com)
Certain plants, it turns out, have a particular gift for sucking up specific chemicals, either as a quirk of their biology or as a way to make themselves poisonous and avoid being eaten. (grit.com)
Disease treatments and algae treatments, as well as snail-killers all contain strong chemicals, so always check that a particular treatment is safe to use with plants, particularly in the case of algae treatments. (gibellaquarium.us)
Common plants and flowers, such as chrysanthemums, Peruvian lilies, tulips, and daffodil bulbs contain chemicals that can irritate the skin and cause an allergic reaction, according to experts at the American Academy of Dermatology ( AAD ). (consumeraffairs.com)

Touching a large amount of plant fertilizer may cause severe burns. (medlineplus.gov)
How well someone does depends on how severe the poisoning is and how quickly treatment is received. (medlineplus.gov)
One seed can cause severe poisoning. (anbg.gov.au)
The results of poisoning can range from minor irritations and slightly lowered animal performance to severe cases where the animal is in a great deal of distress and may die. (gov.on.ca)
Having too much of either of these painkillers can cause severe poisoning for your dog. (veterinaryemergencygroup.com)
If you burn poison ivy, the vaporized oil that is released can cause severe systemic allergic reactions if inhaled. (wisc.edu)

All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. (medlineplus.gov)
POISENDEX is the source of poison information for the majority of poison control centers. (truthorfiction.com)
From September 1, 2010 to December 31, 2014, there were at least 21,106 traditional cigarette calls to US poison control centers. (wikipedia.org)
Calls to US poison control centers related to e-cigarette exposures involved inhalations, eye exposures, skin exposures, and ingestion, in both adults and young children. (wikipedia.org)
58% of e-cigarette calls to US poison control centers were related to children 5 years old or less. (wikipedia.org)

Hell of alot of natives poison their arrows and knives with plant and animal venom. (shroomery.org)
om hunters boil the milky plant sap of Adenium bohemianum Schinz (Apocynaceae) to reduce it to a thick paste that is applied to their arrows. (ku.edu)
For the 1989 book by George Monbiot, see Poisoned Arrows . (wikipedia.org)
Poison arrows" redirects here. (wikipedia.org)
For other uses, see Poison arrows (disambiguation) . (wikipedia.org)
Poisoned arrows have featured in mythology , notably the Greek story of Heracles slaying the centaur Nessus using arrows poisoned with the blood of the Lernaean Hydra . (wikipedia.org)
The Greek hero Odysseus poisons his arrows with hellebore in Homer 's Odyssey . (wikipedia.org)
Poisoned arrows also figure in Homer's epic about the Trojan War , the Iliad , in which both Achaeans and Trojans used toxic arrows and spears. (wikipedia.org)
[2] . Poisoned arrows is referred to in the Book of Job in the Bible [3] . (wikipedia.org)
Poison arrows were used by real peoples in the ancient world, including the Gauls , ancient Romans , and the nomadic Scythians and Soanes . (wikipedia.org)
Ancient Greek and Roman historians describe recipes for poisoning projectiles and historical battles in which poison arrows were used. (wikipedia.org)
Alexander the Great encountered poisoned projectiles during his conquest of India (probably dipped in the venom of Russell's viper ) and the army of the Roman general Lucullus suffered grievous poison wounds from arrows shot by nomads during the Third Mithridatic War (1st century BC). (wikipedia.org)
The use of poisoned arrows in hunting and warfare by some Native Americans has also been documented. (wikipedia.org)
Poisoned arrows are used widely in the jungle areas of Assam , Burma and Malaysia . (wikipedia.org)
Poisoning arrows was & is practiced everywhere except in Australia Monkshood, Ranunculaeceae. (studyres.com)
Adrienne Mayor: Greek fire, poison arrows & scorpion bombs. (studyres.com)

The socio-cultural, historical, and ecological contexts of the various San groups may determine differences in the sources and preparation of poisons, bow and arrow technology, hunting behaviors, poison potency, and perhaps antidotes. (ku.edu)
Scientists are developing new antidotes for poisons called organophosphates, which include nerve agents. (ornl.gov)
Few plant poisonings have specific antidotes. (msdmanuals.com)

The fact that animals had access to a particular plant or been seen to be eating it, the presence of identifiable fragments in the stomach and the fact that the animals were strangers to the district should be taken into consideration when attempting to reach a diagnosis. (infonet-biovision.org)

Once you've eliminated the plants, prevent regrowth by working the soil often, smothering the area with mulch, and planting grass to discourage new poison ivy plants from growing. (wikihow.com)
Climatic conditions, soil factors, shade and other factors that slow plant growth and development increase cyanogenic glycoside content. (gov.on.ca)
hoan hunters use leaf-beetle larvae of Diamphidia Gerstaecker and Polyclada Chevrolat (Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) collected from soil around the host plants Commiphora africana (A. Rich. (ku.edu)
Jasper has a penchant for all things soil and foliage, so we switched to faux plants at home. (abc.net.au)

Because poison ivy leaves contain a toxic substance that causes serious rashes, it is important to protect your skin. (reference.com)
The reactions caused by these plants are called "contact dermatitis" because physical contact with these substances creates uncomfortable rashes. (ahchealthenews.com)
What is characteristic about these contact rashes is that they generally appear on a line where your body brushed against the plant. (ahchealthenews.com)
Plants like giant hogweed cause rashes when the allergen on the skin is exposed to sunlight. (ahchealthenews.com)
Rashes from contact with poisonous plants are very common . (hilliardpeds.com)
Poison ivy and poison oak are the most common causes of poison plant rashes. (hilliardpeds.com)
For children, telling them to avoid plants with clusters of three leafs can help avoid these rashes. (hilliardpeds.com)
If your children continue to get these rashes and you are unsure where the plants are that they are getting the rashes from, check your yard. (hilliardpeds.com)
Therefore, poison plant rashes are not contagious . (hilliardpeds.com)
Outdoor Plant & Poison Treatment PT is designed for small insect bites, poison leafs, chiggers, and most itchy rashes. (rawskinceuticals.com)

Any of various fungi, algae, or protists that resemble plants and were formerly classified in the plant kingdom. (thefreedictionary.com)
We observe molecular warfare between bacteria, plants and fungi in nature - their way of competing for resources and indeed bacteria have been around a lot longer than we have. (eventbrite.co.uk)
Explore how our growing knowledge of the bio-molecular environment of bodies, plants and fungi and how this is helping us to understand how we can manage global health in a changing ecology. (eventbrite.co.uk)
Michael does research in Ethnobotany and will be discussing his interdisciplinary ethnobotanical research and how our growing knowledge of plants and fungi is helping to advance medicine. (eventbrite.co.uk)

After planting, these insecticides spread into every plant cell, and into plant nectar and pollen. (rabble.ca)
Dog poison No. 2: Insecticides. (webmd.com)
The ethanol plant near Mead, Nebraska, is different than most ethanol plants in that it uses surplus corn, which has often been treated with insecticides or fungicides. (beatricedailysun.com)

Wash any clothing that comes into contact with poison ivy. (wikihow.com)
If you come into contact with poison ivy, you should wash well with plenty of soap and water. (nationwidechildrens.org)
The oil can be spread by anything that comes in contact with poison ivy including garden tools, clothing, boots or pets. (wisc.edu)
Use sanitary wipes to clean gardening tools or other items that may have come in contact with poison ivy plants. (wisc.edu)
If you believe you have come in contact with poison ivy, immediately wash any potentially exposed skin with regular soap under cold, running water. (wisc.edu)

You might think of them as healthy, but avocados have a substance called persin that can act as a dog poison, causing vomiting and diarrhea or worse. (webmd.com)

However, unlike poison oak, this plant is typically found in wet environments. (ahchealthenews.com)
More recent cases of poisoning typically appear to be in the form of Green Tobacco Sickness, or due to unintended ingestion of tobacco or tobacco products or consumption of nicotine-containing plants. (wikipedia.org)

[1] Inee or onaye is a poison made from Strophanthus hispidus , which contains the cardiac glycoside strophanthin. (wikipedia.org)

Being able to identify local varieties of these poisonous plants throughout the seasons and differentiating them from common nonpoisonous look-a-likes are the major keys to avoiding exposure. (cdc.gov)

As trees and plants unleash themselves trailside in full force this summer, ripping through some of that foliage on your bike can result in some seriously itchy legs. (bicycling.com)
Contact with this plant may cause red, itchy welts in varying shapes and sizes, for six to 12 hours. (ahchealthenews.com)

All parts of the plants are poisonous if large amounts are eaten. (medlineplus.gov)
If the plant was eaten, wipe out the mouth with a cold, wet cloth, and give the person milk to drink. (medlineplus.gov)
The state of the plant when eaten may also be important. (gov.on.ca)
Today this yam is detoxified and eaten, though rare cases of poisoning are not unheard of. (le.ac.uk)
Early work at the cave also recovered several burnt nut fragments of a plant that is still widely eaten in Southeast Asia, but one that is also highly toxic and capable of killing a person if not properly treated, that date to around 40,000 years ago. (le.ac.uk)
So in an effort to keep my furry friends safe, I went to several vets and a plant poison author to find out which common house plants are toxic - and what to do if you suspect your cat or dog has eaten them. (abc.net.au)

The general rule to identify poison ivy, 'leaflets three, let it be,' doesn't always apply. (howstuffworks.com)
Poison ivy has alternate leaves, and each leaf has three leaflets. (wisc.edu)

You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. (medlineplus.gov)
A definitive guide to the clinical assessment, management and prevention of plant poisoning in domestic animals. (routledge.com)
The most important plank in prevention is by not allowing animals access to plants which may cause poisoning. (infonet-biovision.org)
The products contain the substance methyl salicylate which must be in child resistant packaging as required by the Poison Prevention Packaging Act (PPPA). (cpsc.gov)

With more time spent outdoors, there is an increased risk of exposure to plants that can cause allergic reactions. (jamaicahospital.org)
According to the American Skin Association , as many as 50 million Americans have allergic reactions to the poison ivy plant each year. (howstuffworks.com)

Plant poisoning, including mycotoxicosis, is considered to be one of three major causes of death in livestock in Brazil, which is one of the top beef producing countries in the world, with a cattle population of more than 200 million. (scielo.org.za)
Data from the southern states of Brazil indicate that, on average, 10% - 14% of cattle deaths investigated by laboratories involve plant poisoning, and if this is extrapolated to the rest of the country, between 800 000 and 1 120 000 cattle are lost to plant poisoning every year. (scielo.org.za)
Other common names include crow poison (used by Native Americans to poison crows) and stagger grass (causes grazing cattle to stagger). (anps.org)
In cattle, plants such as bracken fern ( Pteridium aquilinum ), and sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis ) inhibit normal blood clotting with resulting hemorrhage into the urinary system (hematuria). (ivis.org)

Leaves of this plant are toxic. (anbg.gov.au)
Poison ivy is the only one that always has three leaves, one on each side and one in the center. (medicinenet.com)
Poison oak looks similar, but the leaves are larger and more rounded like an oak leaf. (medicinenet.com)
Poison ivy leaves vary greatly in their shape, color and texture. (mayoclinic.org)
So if your singletrack tends to be sandy rather than muddy, keep an eye out for leaves that look like poison ivy. (bicycling.com)
Poison oak grows in sets of three, with wavy tips, and a glossy color that makes them look like oak leaves (hence the name). (bicycling.com)
To differentiate them from poison ivy, know that poison oak leaves have hairs on both sides (though you won't really want to get close enough to check), and that they are more lobed-like oak leaves. (bicycling.com)
After all, Indian warriors coated arrow tips with poison ivy, and medicine men rubbed its leaves on infections in an effort to break open swollen skin. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Wilted leaves after fall frosts contain a chemical that produces cyanide under the right conditions - a very fast-acting poison. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Most poisoned animals are dead by the time you find them, for they rarely survive more than one or two hours after eating the wilted leaves. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Ingestion of leaves from the Oleander plant may cause a reaction. (rightdiagnosis.com)
However, in mature plants the leaves can be up to 4 inches long. (naturalnorthflorida.com)
Poison Ivy is often confused with Virginia Creeper ( Parthenocissus quinquefolia) , the two plants have similar shaped leaves, and are can be found growing in similar conditions. (naturalnorthflorida.com)
While poison ivy leaves grow in clumps of three, virginia creeper leaves grow in groups of five. (naturalnorthflorida.com)
Larvae and adults live above-ground on the plants and eat leaves, but the San collect the underground cocoons to extract the mature larvae. (ku.edu)
Eating the leaves or petals of this plant can cause your dog to have an upset stomach, but ingesting the bulb can cause lethargy and more significant stomach illness. (veterinaryemergencygroup.com)
The three leaves of poison ivy are irregular in shape and fan out in angles from each other. (hilliardpeds.com)
Onions are herbaceous plants with bulbs and narrowly linear leaves that smell of "onion" The leaves are sheathing, usually basal, and hollow. (ivis.org)
To reduce the risk of an encounter with poison ivy or poison oak, Dr. Julian Trevino, a dermatologist, recommends avoiding plants with "leaves of three. (consumeraffairs.com)
Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf - but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group. (howstuffworks.com)
Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three. (howstuffworks.com)
Young poison ivy leaves (left) can have smooth margins, while mature poison ivy leaves (right) often have serrated or lobed leaf margins. (wisc.edu)
People who harvest or cultivate tobacco may experience Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), a type of nicotine poisoning caused by skin contact with wet tobacco leaves. (wikipedia.org)

If you are sanding these surfaces, your dogs and cats will be inhaling the dust, licking the dust, and can have reactions like seizures and poisonings. (businessinsider.com)

Ingestion of nicotine pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, or nicotine containing plants may also lead to poisoning. (wikipedia.org)

All parts of this plant are dangerously toxic The sap is extremely poisonous on contact and causes many cases of dermal poisoning each year. (anbg.gov.au)
Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) It has been shown that rosemary inhibits the formation of harmful bacteria in in vitro, so its use could be interesting in cases of poisoning from spoiled food. (botanical-online.com)
Infertility, miscarriages, birth of weak animals and increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal parasites are described in chronic cases of poisoning. (scielo.br)
In other cases, such as with buttercups, the poison is contained in the fresh plants but not dried ones. (gov.on.ca)
Each year, there are more than 100,000 cases of pet poisoning in the U.S. Many of these were caused by household substances that may seem perfectly harmless to you. (webmd.com)
The reported cases of animals exposed to poisonous plants and mushrooms could represent only a fraction of the actual exposures. (bva.co.uk)
Except in the case of individual, newly introduced animals, isolated cases of plant poisoning are rare. (infonet-biovision.org)
Cases of death in poisoning by the fly agaric is not as frequent as in the use of the same pale toadstool. (vsebolezni.com)
Most cases of poisoning are accidental. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been the result of use of nicotine as an insecticide. (wikipedia.org)

There are many factors that influence the amount of cyanogenic glycosides in plants. (gov.on.ca)

Researchers from Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, conducted a literature review on the poisoning of animals by plants containing swainsonine in Brazil. (scielo.br)
For Franklin, the most important technique is conditioned food aversion, which allows conditioning the animals to not eat more the plant. (scielo.br)
The Institute of Science and Technology for Plants have also developed the technique of aversion to food poisoning by other plants, as well as other techniques such as the use of resistant animals, of less toxic forage and of rumen bacteria that hydrolyze the active plant. (scielo.br)
It also describes plants which mechanically injure animals or may cause irritation of skin on contact. (gov.on.ca)
You may think you're doing your dog a favor when you apply products marketed to fight fleas and ticks, but thousands of animals are unintentionally poisoned by these products every year. (webmd.com)
Animals which have been bred in a particular district usually know which plants are edible and which are not. (infonet-biovision.org)
Healthy well fed animals are much less likely to eat poisonous plants or scavenge for food and eat poisons by mistake. (infonet-biovision.org)
The sudden death of newly introduced animals may arouse suspicion of plant poisoning. (infonet-biovision.org)
Certain plant poisonings may be more common during times of drought when animals may be forced to eat plants they might otherwise avoid. (infonet-biovision.org)
When several animals are taken ill at the same time plant poisoning may be suspected. (infonet-biovision.org)
But if there are known poisonous plants in an area these should either be physically removed or animals should not be allowed to graze there. (infonet-biovision.org)
Well fed animals are less likely to sample poisonous plants than animals which are hungry. (infonet-biovision.org)
2012), plant poisoning is one of the three most important causes of death in farm animals, the other two being: rabies, transmitted by vampire bats, and epidemic botulism, which is predisposed by phosphate deficiency. (scielo.org.za)
For example, naturally occurring elements such as arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium are toxic in various concentrations to both plants and animals. (scienceclarified.com)
Through millennia of trial and error, both animals and human beings have figured out which plants are safe, which are lethal, and which are somewhere in between. (curiousread.com)
These oils can be carried by pets on their fur (most animals do not react to the oils), on clothes, on tools, and in smoke from the burning of these plants. (hilliardpeds.com)

Ramineh Behbehanian, 50, a woman living in northern California was arrested on Monday night from her home in San Jose for planting poisoned orange juice bottles at a Starbucks coffee shop. (jdjournal.com)

I wonder if in anceint times they used plant and fungal poisons in war? (shroomery.org)
If I could go way back in time with my knowledge today, I would be the first to use the plants and fungal poisons in war. (shroomery.org)

Never burn poison ivy because the toxic smoke can cause serious damage to lungs, which can even be lethal. (reference.com)
The organs of the body that are usually affected by arsenic poisoning are the lungs, skin, kidneys, and liver. (wikipedia.org)

This article describes poisoning caused by eating parts of the Caladium plant and other plants in the Araceae family. (medlineplus.gov)
The article also describes the control alternatives of Turbine cordata in the northeast region of Brazil and Ipomoea carnea in the northeastern and northern Brazil, regions greatly affected by swainsonine poisoning. (scielo.br)

This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. (usda.gov)
A. Poison ivy is very common at my home in Bedford, N.Y., especially from May through July, when it smothers plants in the ornamental beds. (bostonglobe.com)
Case #3 was poisoning from eating yellow star thistle - a noxious weed that is spreading and becoming more common in many states. (smallfarmersjournal.com)
Sneaky people have always used poisons in war it was a common tactic to poison water supplies during seiges. (shroomery.org)
This common plant also goes by many other names, including jimson weed, stink weed, loco weed, and devil's snare. (curiousread.com)
The following list contains 10 common plants and flowers toxic to cats and dogs. (abc.net.au)
Cannabis poisoning (from plants, leftover matter and edibles) is one of the most common plant poisoning vets see, especially in dogs. (abc.net.au)
Poison ivy is very common east of the Rocky Mountains. (hilliardpeds.com)
Poison oak is most common in the Western states. (hilliardpeds.com)
common crop plants such as kale, rape, turnips ( Brassica spp. (ivis.org)
Other common plants can also cause reactions, Trevino noted. (consumeraffairs.com)
The plant is often very difficult to spot because it closely resembles several other common garden plants. (howstuffworks.com)
Other common plants can be confused with poison ivy. (wisc.edu)

Many illnesses which at one time were attributed to plant poisoning are now recognised as being due to infectious diseases and not to poisoning at all. (infonet-biovision.org)

Inspection of grazing areas may reveal known toxic plants. (infonet-biovision.org)
2012). Differences would, therefore, likely be determined by the availability and abundance of toxic plants, climatic factors and management of both livestock and pastures. (scielo.org.za)
When pets consume highly toxic plants it can be fatal - even if they only have a very small amount. (abc.net.au)

Aconitum = monkshood was another arrow poison of the Gauls (and even the Neanderthals 50 000 years before them). (studyres.com)

Over the ages, Chinese warfare has included projectiles poisoned with various toxic substances. (wikipedia.org)

Tubocurarine chloride ( curare ) another alkaloid found in the Chondrodendron tomentsosum plant, LD 50 of 33,200, oral. (everything2.com)
Tubocurarine, an anesthetic muscle relaxant introduced into medical practice in the early 1940s contains a curare alkaloid from the chondrodendron plant family. (jrank.org)

Christmas is a busy time of year for us at Pet Poison Helpline! (petpoisonhelpline.com)
Poisoning episodes reported to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape, jointly run by the Poisons Information Centres at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and Tygerberg Hospital over a period of approximately 2.5 years, from June 2015 to November 2017, were analysed to identify exposure patterns, severity and clinical outcomes. (bva.co.uk)

The power plant does not include critical pollution reduction technologies, so toxic emissions will greatly exceed those of new coal plants even in India and China. (earthjustice.org)
Plants that contain toxic compounds capable of affecting the RBCs include onions ( Allium spp. (ivis.org)

Castor oil - for anyone unlucky enough to have been force spoon-fed this healthy yet disgusting fluid as a child, you may be surprised to learn that an ingredient in the castor bean just happens to be the deadliest plant poison on earth. (curiousread.com)
Amazingly, castor bean plants are grown for decorative purpose all over the place, particularly in California. (curiousread.com)

The poison is generally collected by roasting the frogs over a fire, but the batrachotoxins are powerful enough to dip the dart in the back of the frog without killing it Bushmen in the Kalahari Desert use arrow poison is derived from the larva of beetles of the genus Diamphidia. (studyres.com)

The plant Strychnos toxifera produces the strongest type of curare for the hunters of the rainforests. (jrank.org)

Anatomy30

Organisms85

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture26

Information Science3

Health Care9

Effect of locoweed (Astragalus ientiginosus) feeding of fetal lamb development. (1/214)

A lysosomal storage disease induced by Ipomoea carnea in goats in Mozambique. (2/214)

Lysosomal storage disease caused by Sida carpinifolia poisoning in goats. (3/214)

Suspected citrus pulp toxicosis in dairy cattle. (4/214)

Detection of endophyte toxins in the imported perennial ryegrass straw. (5/214)

Epinephrine induced hyperglycemia in bulls and its relationship to polioencephalomalacia. (6/214)

Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses. (7/214)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 4-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) in the serum of patients with ginkgo seed poisoning. (8/214)

Plants, Genetically Modified

Plant Leaves

Plant Proteins

Plant Roots

Genes, Plant

Plant Extracts

Plant Shoots

Plants, Medicinal

DNA, Plant

Plant Development

Plants, Toxic

Plant Cells

Plant Stems

Genome, Plant

Arabidopsis

Plants, Edible

Plant Structures

Plant Growth Regulators

Arabidopsis Proteins

Plant Immunity

Tobacco

Plant Epidermis

Plant Stomata

Angiosperms

Seeds

Plant Poisoning

Plant Transpiration

Phylogeny

Lycopersicon esculentum

Flowers

Plant Tumors

Chromosomes, Plant

Plant Components, Aerial

Amino Acid Sequence

Plant Preparations

Zea mays

Seedling

Herbivory

Power Plants

Biomass

Fabaceae

Plant Nectar

Oxylipins

Base Sequence

Plant Bark

Symbiosis

Photosynthesis

Plant Physiological Processes

Cyclopentanes

Indoleacetic Acids

Solanum tuberosum

Soil

Medicine, Traditional

Plant Exudates

Ecosystem

Salicylic Acid

Root Nodules, Plant

Plant Lectins

Germ Cells, Plant

Mutation

Mycorrhizae

Phytotherapy

Poaceae

Chloroplasts

Plant Infertility

Pollen

Brassica

Germination

Asteraceae

Species Specificity

Plant Oils

Sequence Alignment

Droughts

Botany

Fungi

Peas

Phenotype

Triticum

Abscisic Acid

Phytosterols