AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
PigmentationSkin PigmentationPigmentation DisordersMelaninsHair ColorEye ColorMelanocytesHyperpigmentationMonophenol MonooxygenaseMelanosomesReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1Pigments, BiologicalAgouti Signaling ProteinMelanosisAlbinismAlbinism, OculocutaneousAnthocyaninsChromatophoresHypopigmentationErythemaMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMelanophoresReceptors, MelanocortinUltraviolet RaysSunlightPhenotypeFeathersSkinReceptors, CorticotropinHairNail DiseasesMelanomaalpha-MSHAlbinism, OcularOchronosisMutationHermanski-Pudlak SyndromePeutz-Jeghers SyndromeIris DiseasesCatechol OxidaseProdigiosinVitiligoGingival DiseasesHomogentisic AcidEpidermisArgyriaSkin NeoplasmsIrisPigment Epithelium of EyeColorHair FollicleAlkaptonuriaMolecular Sequence DataAllelesAquilegiaIntramolecular OxidoreductasesColubridaeSunbathingCarotenoidsMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesMelanoma, AmelanoticSkin Physiological PhenomenaSkin Lightening Preparationsgp100 Melanoma AntigenLentigoEyeNevusSunburnScandinaviaGenetic VariationSkin AgingSulfathiazolesPiebaldismHair RemovalFlatfishesCafe-au-Lait SpotsPhenothiazinesWaardenburg SyndromeEndothelin-3Base SequenceSkin Diseases, GeneticKeratinocytesPupaZebrafishPro-OpiomelanocortinProstaglandins F, SyntheticChoroidCrosses, GeneticLeg DermatosesMicrophthalmosZea maysOxidoreductasesMembrane Transport ProteinsNevus, PigmentedSOXE Transcription FactorsBiological EvolutionDermoscopyMelanoma, ExperimentalAntiportersStem Cell FactorYersinia pestisPhylogenyProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitSkin, ArtificialSpecies SpecificityGenes, PlantLarvaSequence Analysis, DNAPolymorphism, Single NucleotideGenotypeAdrenal Cortex DiseasesCavesHomozygoteGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalProanthocyanidinsMyxomaCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha SubunitChromosome MappingAdaptation, BiologicalCryptococcusOphthalmia, SympatheticDrosophila melanogasterEgg ShellNeural CrestLightCysteinyldopaGenes, InsectDihydroxyphenylalanineAscomycotaConjunctival DiseasesDermatitis, PhototoxicMutagenesis, InsertionalSelection, GeneticArbutinGingivectomyClofazimineCronobacter sakazakiiPunicaceaeRetinal PigmentsTranscription FactorsAmino Acid SequencePhenylthioureaDrosophila ProteinsButterfliesSkin DiseasesSpores, FungalMosaicism
Pigmentation: Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.Skin Pigmentation: Coloration of the skin.Pigmentation DisordersMelanins: Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.Hair Color: Color of hair or fur.Eye Color: Color of the iris.Melanocytes: Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.Hyperpigmentation: Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.Monophenol Monooxygenase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.Melanosomes: Melanin-containing organelles found in melanocytes and melanophores.Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1: A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in MELANOCYTES. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. Loss of function mutations of the type 1 melanocortin receptor account for the majority of red hair and fair skin recessive traits in human.Pigments, Biological: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.Agouti Signaling Protein: A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids (depending on species) that regulates the synthesis of eumelanin (brown/black) pigments in MELANOCYTES. Agouti protein antagonizes the signaling of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTORS and has wide distribution including ADIPOSE TISSUE; GONADS; and HEART. Its overexpression in agouti mice results in uniform yellow coat color, OBESITY, and metabolic defects similar to type II diabetes in humans.Melanosis: Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.Albinism: General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.Albinism, Oculocutaneous: Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.Anthocyanins: A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.Chromatophores: The large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates which actively disperse and aggregate their pigment granules. These cells include MELANOPHORES, erythrophores, xanthophores, leucophores and iridiophores. (In algae, chromatophores refer to CHLOROPLASTS. In phototrophic bacteria chromatophores refer to membranous organelles (BACTERIAL CHROMATOPHORES).)Hypopigmentation: A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes.Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor: A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development of a variety of cell types including MELANOCYTES; OSTEOCLASTS; and RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in MITF protein have been associated with OSTEOPETROSIS and WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.Melanophores: Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.Receptors, Melanocortin: A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that have specificity for MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. There are several subtypes of melanocortin receptors, each having a distinct ligand specificity profile and tissue localization.Ultraviolet Rays: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.Sunlight: Irradiation directly from the sun.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Feathers: Flat keratinous structures found on the skin surface of birds. Feathers are made partly of a hollow shaft fringed with barbs. They constitute the plumage.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Receptors, Corticotropin: Cell surface receptors that bind CORTICOTROPIN; (ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. Pharmacology suggests there may be multiple ACTH receptors. An ACTH receptor has been cloned and belongs to a subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. In addition to the adrenal cortex, ACTH receptors are found in the brain and immune systems.Hair: A filament-like structure consisting of a shaft which projects to the surface of the SKIN from a root which is softer than the shaft and lodges in the cavity of a HAIR FOLLICLE. It is found on most surfaces of the body.Nail Diseases: Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.Melanoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)alpha-MSH: A 13-amino acid peptide derived from proteolytic cleavage of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, the N-terminal segment of ACTH. ACTH (1-13) is amidated at the C-terminal to form ACTH (1-13)NH2 which in turn is acetylated to form alpha-MSH in the secretory granules. Alpha-MSH stimulates the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates.Albinism, Ocular: Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity.Ochronosis: The yellowish discoloration of connective tissue due to deposition of HOMOGENTISIC ACID (a brown-black pigment). This is due to defects in the metabolism of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. Ochronosis occurs in ALKAPTONURIA, but has also been associated with exposure to certain chemicals (e.g., PHENOL, trinitrophenol, BENZENE DERIVATIVES).Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome: Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.Iris Diseases: Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.Catechol Oxidase: An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.Vitiligo: A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.Gingival DiseasesHomogentisic AcidEpidermis: The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).Argyria: A permanent ashen-gray discoloration of the skin, conjunctiva, and internal organs resulting from long-continued use of silver salts. (Dorland, 27th ed)Skin Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.Iris: The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.Pigment Epithelium of Eye: The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.Color: The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.Hair Follicle: A tube-like invagination of the EPIDERMIS from which the hair shaft develops and into which SEBACEOUS GLANDS open. The hair follicle is lined by a cellular inner and outer root sheath of epidermal origin and is invested with a fibrous sheath derived from the dermis. (Stedman, 26th ed) Follicles of very long hairs extend into the subcutaneous layer of tissue under the SKIN.Alkaptonuria: An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Aquilegia: A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE that contains aquiledine, isoaquiledine and cycloartane-type glycosides.Intramolecular Oxidoreductases: Enzymes of the isomerase class that catalyze the oxidation of one part of a molecule with a corresponding reduction of another part of the same molecule. They include enzymes converting aldoses to ketoses (ALDOSE-KETOSE ISOMERASES), enzymes shifting a carbon-carbon double bond (CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND ISOMERASES), and enzymes transposing S-S bonds (SULFUR-SULFUR BOND ISOMERASES). (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 5.3.Colubridae: The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lycodontinae, and Xenodontinae. They show a great diversity of eating habits, some eating almost anything, others having a specialized diet. They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The majority of North American snakes are colubrines. Among the colubrids are king snakes, water moccasins, water snakes, and garter snakes. Some genera are poisonous. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp321-29)Sunbathing: Exposing oneself to SUNLIGHT or ULTRAVIOLET RAYS.Carotenoids: The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones: Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulating the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in these pigmented cells, they increase coloration of skin and other tissue. MSHs, derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), are produced by MELANOTROPHS in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY; CORTICOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY, and the hypothalamic neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS.Melanoma, Amelanotic: An unpigmented malignant melanoma. It is an anaplastic melanoma consisting of cells derived from melanoblasts but not forming melanin. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)Skin Physiological Phenomena: The functions of the skin in the human and animal body. It includes the pigmentation of the skin.Skin Lightening Preparations: Substances used to obtain a lighter skin complexion or to treat HYPERPIGMENTATION disorders.gp100 Melanoma Antigen: A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.Lentigo: Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).Eye: The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.Nevus: A circumscribed stable malformation of the skin and occasionally of the oral mucosa, which is not due to external causes and therefore presumed to be of hereditary origin.Sunburn: An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.ScandinaviaGenetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.Skin Aging: The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.SulfathiazolesPiebaldism: Autosomal dominant, congenital disorder characterized by localized hypomelanosis of the skin and hair. The most familiar feature is a white forelock presenting in 80 to 90 percent of the patients. The underlying defect is possibly related to the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts, as well as to defective development of the neural crest (neurocristopathy). Piebaldism may be closely related to WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.Hair Removal: Methods used to remove unwanted facial and body hair.Flatfishes: Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.Cafe-au-Lait Spots: Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).Phenothiazines: Compounds containing dibenzo-1,4-thiazine. Some of them are neuroactive.Waardenburg Syndrome: Rare, autosomal dominant disease with variable penetrance and several known clinical types. Characteristics may include depigmentation of the hair and skin, congenital deafness, heterochromia iridis, medial eyebrow hyperplasia, hypertrophy of the nasal root, and especially dystopia canthorum. The underlying cause may be defective development of the neural crest (neurocristopathy). Waardenburg's syndrome may be closely related to piebaldism. Klein-Waardenburg Syndrome refers to a disorder that also includes upper limb abnormalities.Endothelin-3: A 21-amino acid peptide that circulates in the plasma, but its source is not known. Endothelin-3 has been found in high concentrations in the brain and may regulate important functions in neurons and astrocytes, such as proliferation and development. It also is found throughout the gastrointestinal tract and in the lung and kidney. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Skin Diseases, Genetic: Diseases of the skin with a genetic component, usually the result of various inborn errors of metabolism.Keratinocytes: Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.Pupa: An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.Zebrafish: An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.Pro-Opiomelanocortin: A 30-kDa protein synthesized primarily in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND and the HYPOTHALAMUS. It is also found in the skin and other peripheral tissues. Depending on species and tissues, POMC is cleaved by PROHORMONE CONVERTASES yielding various active peptides including ACTH; BETA-LIPOTROPIN; ENDORPHINS; MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONES; and others (GAMMA-LPH; CORTICOTROPIN-LIKE INTERMEDIATE LOBE PEPTIDE; N-terminal peptide of POMC or NPP).Prostaglandins F, Synthetic: Analogs or derivatives of prostaglandins F that do not occur naturally in the body. They do not include the product of the chemical synthesis of hormonal PGF.Choroid: The thin, highly vascular membrane covering most of the posterior of the eye between the RETINA and SCLERA.Crosses, Genetic: Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.Leg Dermatoses: A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Microphthalmos: Congenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small.Zea mays: A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)Membrane Transport Proteins: Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.Nevus, Pigmented: A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.SOXE Transcription Factors: A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. Members of this subfamily have been implicated in regulating the differentiation of OLIGODENDROCYTES during neural crest formation and in CHONDROGENESIS.Biological Evolution: The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.Dermoscopy: A noninvasive technique that enables direct microscopic examination of the surface and architecture of the SKIN.Melanoma, Experimental: Experimentally induced tumor that produces MELANIN in animals to provide a model for studying human MELANOMA.Antiporters: Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.Stem Cell Factor: A hematopoietic growth factor and the ligand of the cell surface c-kit protein (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT). It is expressed during embryogenesis and is a growth factor for a number of cell types including the MAST CELLS and the MELANOCYTES in addition to the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.Yersinia pestis: The etiologic agent of PLAGUE in man, rats, ground squirrels, and other rodents.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit: A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for STEM CELL FACTOR. This interaction is crucial for the development of hematopoietic, gonadal, and pigment stem cells. Genetic mutations that disrupt the expression of PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-KIT are associated with PIEBALDISM, while overexpression or constitutive activation of the c-kit protein-tyrosine kinase is associated with tumorigenesis.Skin, Artificial: Synthetic material used for the treatment of burns and other conditions involving large-scale loss of skin. It often consists of an outer (epidermal) layer of silicone and an inner (dermal) layer of collagen and chondroitin 6-sulfate. The dermal layer elicits new growth and vascular invasion and the outer layer is later removed and replaced by a graft.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Genes, Plant: The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.Larva: Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Adrenal Cortex Diseases: Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.Caves: Geological formations consisting of underground enclosures with access from the surface.Homozygote: An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.Myxoma: A benign neoplasm derived from connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix, thereby resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue. It occurs frequently intramuscularly where it may be mistaken for a sarcoma. It appears also in the jaws and the skin. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit: A type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit that plays a role in confering CYCLIC AMP activation of protein kinase activity. It has a lower affinity for cAMP than the CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE RIBETA SUBUNIT.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Adaptation, Biological: Changes in biological features that help an organism cope with its ENVIRONMENT. These changes include physiological (ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL), phenotypic and genetic changes.Cryptococcus: A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.Ophthalmia, Sympathetic: Granulomatous uveitis which follows in one eye after a penetrating injury to the other eye; the secondarily affected eye is called the sympathizing eye, and the injured eye is called the exciting or activating eye.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.Egg Shell: A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg.Neural Crest: The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Cysteinyldopa: Found in large amounts in the plasma and urine of patients with malignant melanoma. It is therefore used in the diagnosis of melanoma and for the detection of postoperative metastases. Cysteinyldopa is believed to be formed by the rapid enzymatic hydrolysis of 5-S-glutathionedopa found in melanin-producing cells.Genes, Insect: The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.Ascomycota: A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.Conjunctival DiseasesDermatitis, Phototoxic: A nonimmunologic, chemically induced type of photosensitivity producing a sometimes vesiculating dermatitis. It results in hyperpigmentation and desquamation of the light-exposed areas of the skin.Mutagenesis, Insertional: Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.Selection, Genetic: Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.ArbutinGingivectomy: Surgical excision of the gingiva at the level of its attachment, thus creating new marginal gingiva. This procedure is used to eliminate gingival or periodontal pockets or to provide an approach for extensive surgical interventions, and to gain access necessary to remove calculus within the pocket. (Dorland, 28th ed)Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619)Cronobacter sakazakii: A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus CHRONOBACTER, found in the environment and in foods.Punicaceae: A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that is a small family with a single genus.Retinal Pigments: Photosensitive protein complexes of varied light absorption properties which are expressed in the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS. They are OPSINS conjugated with VITAMIN A-based chromophores. Chromophores capture photons of light, leading to the activation of opsins and a biochemical cascade that ultimately excites the photoreceptor cells.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.PhenylthioureaDrosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.Butterflies: Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.Skin DiseasesSpores, Fungal: Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.Mosaicism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

Effects of lithium on pigmentation in the embryonic zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). (1/1835)

Pigment cell precursors of the embryonic zebrafish give rise to melanophores, xanthophores and/or iridophores. Cell signaling mechanisms related to the development of pigmentation remain obscure. In order to examine the mechanisms involved in pigment cell signaling, we treated zebrafish embryos with various activators and inhibitors of signaling pathways. Among those chemicals tested, LiCl and LiCl/forskolin had a stimulatory effect on pigmentation, most notable in the melanophore population. We propose that the inositol phosphate (IP) pathway, is involved in pigment pattern formation in zebrafish through its involvement in the: (1) differentiation/proliferation of melanophores; (2) dispersion of melanosomes; and/or (3) synthesis/deposition of melanin. To discern at what level pigmentation was being effected we: (1) counted the number of melanophores in control and experimental animals 5 days after treatment; (2) measured tyrosinase activity and melanin content; and (3) employed immunoblotting techniques with anti-tyrosine-related protein-2 and anti-melanocyte-specific gene-1 as melanophore-specific markers. Although gross pigmentation increased dramatically in LiCl- and LiCl/forskolin treated embryos, the effect on pigmentation was not due to an increase in the proliferation of melanophores, but was possibly through an increase in melanin synthesis and/or deposition. Collectively, results from these studies suggest the involvement of an IP-signaling pathway in the stimulation of pigmentation in embryonic zebrafish through the synthesis/deposition of melanin within the neural crest-derived melanophores.  (+info)

Flavin nucleotides in human lens: regional distribution in brunescent cataracts. (2/1835)

The biochemical mechanism(s) underlying brunescent cataracts remain unclear. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species may have a role in the pigmentation process in eye lens. We have analysed human cataractous lenses for flavins by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), since flavins are light sensitive and act as endogenous sensitizers generating reactive oxygen species in the eye. The most significant observation in this study is that higher levels of flavin nucleotides occur in brown lens compared to yellow lens. The concentration of flavin nucleotides (flavin monouncleotide, FMN + flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD) was highest in the nuclear region of the lens followed by the cortical and capsule-epithelial regions. However, the ratio of FAD/FMN was lowest in the nuclear region of the lens followed by other regions. On the other hand, riboflavin was not detected in any of the lens (cataractous) regions. These results suggest that the observed increase in flavin nucleotides in the ocular tissue could contribute towards deepening of lens pigmentation.  (+info)

Stripe formation in juvenile Pomacanthus explained by a generalized turing mechanism with chemotaxis. (3/1835)

Current interest in pattern formation can be traced to a seminal paper by Turing, who demonstrated that a system of reacting and diffusing chemicals, called morphogens, can interact so as to produce stable nonuniform concentration patterns in space. Recently, a Turing model has been suggested to explain the development of pigmentation patterns on species of growing angelfish such as Pomacanthus semicirculatus, which exhibit readily observed changes in the number, size, and orientation of colored stripes during development of juvenile and adult stages, but the model fails to predict key features of the observations on stripe formation. Here we develop a generalized Turing model incorporating cell growth and movement, we analyze the effects of these processes on patterning, and we demonstrate that the model can explain important features of pattern formation in a growing system such as Pomacanthus. The applicability of classical Turing models to biological pattern formation is limited by virtue of the sensitivity of patterns to model parameters, but here we show that the incorporation of growth results in robustly generated patterns without strict parameter control. In the model, chemotaxis in response to gradients in a morphogen distribution leads to aggregation of one type of pigment cell into a striped spatial pattern.  (+info)

Down-regulation of melanocortin receptor signaling mediated by the amino terminus of Agouti protein in Xenopus melanophores. (4/1835)

Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein (Agrp) regulate pigmentation and body weight, respectively, by antagonizing melanocortin receptor signaling. A carboxyl-terminal fragment of Agouti protein, Ser73-Cys131, is sufficient for melanocortin receptor antagonism, but Western blot analysis of skin extracts reveals that the electrophoretic mobility of native Agouti protein corresponds to the mature full-length form, His23-Cys131. To investigate the potential role of the amino-terminal residues, we compared the function of full-length and carboxyl-terminal fragments of Agrp and Agouti protein in a sensitive bioassay based on pigment dispersion in Xenopus melanophores. We find that carboxyl-terminal Agouti protein, and all forms of Agrp tested, act solely by competitive antagonism of melanocortin action. However, full-length Agouti protein acts by an additional mechanism that is time- and temperature-dependent, depresses maximal levels of pigment dispersion, and is therefore likely to be mediated by receptor down-regulation. Apparent down-regulation is not observed for a mixture of amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal fragments. We propose that the phenotypic effects of Agouti in vivo represent a bipartite mechanism: competitive antagonism of agonist binding by the carboxyl-terminal portion of Agouti protein and down-regulation of melanocortin receptor signaling by an unknown mechanism that requires residues in the amino terminus of the Agouti protein.  (+info)

The permeability to cytochalasin B of the new unpigmented surface in the first cleavage furrow of the newt's egg. (5/1835)

Two of 10 mug/ml cytochalasin B (CB) caused retraction of the first cleavage furrow in Triturus eggs, a spreading of the unpigmented surface from the furrow region and a flattening of the whole egg. CB appears to act against the contractility of the microfilamentous band at mid-cleavage so as to relax the furrow and also to weaken unpigmented surface to allow the egg to flatten. Uncleaved eggs and the initial formation of the cleavage groove were unaffected by CB. A fully-retracted first cleavage furrow reformed itself on transfer of the egg to normal medium but only at the time of second cleavage. Initiation of second cleavage depended upon there being sufficient of the original pigmented surface on the animal hemisphere. Tritium-labelled CB of high specific activty was prepared and used to study its ability to penetrate the surface of newt eggs during cleavage. Scintillation couting of whole eggs showed that CB was not taken into the newt egg until mid-cleavage (about 17 min after the double stripe stage) when new surface began to spread in the cleavage furrow. Fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide retained radioactivity in the egg, but more CB was retained after fixation in osmium tetroxide alone than after double fixation. Most of the retained radioactivity was in yolk platelets. Autoradiographs were prepared to sectioned eggs which had been fixed at late cleavage after [3H]CB had flattend the furrow. These showed that CB entered the egg through the unpigmented surface which formed in the furrow but it could not enter through the pigmented surface. The impermeability of the pigmented surface explains the observations that CB does not prevent initial furrowing at cleavage. Once inside the egg CB is transported slowly. CB penetrates to a limited extent beneath the pigmented surface from its border with the unpigmented surface in the first cleavage furrow and this seems insufficient in some circumstances to suppress the contractile phase of second cleavage.  (+info)

Deposition of [3H]cocaine, [3H]nicotine, and [3H]flunitrazepam in mouse hair melanosomes after systemic administration. (6/1835)

Microautoradiography was employed to show that association of drugs from the serum directly with forming hair pigment is a primary pathway of deposition into the hair. After systemic administration of [3H]flunitrazepam, [3H]nicotine, and [3H]cocaine, association of all three drugs with melanin in the forming hair was observed within minutes of dosage. Sebum was determined to be an insignificant deposition route for all three drugs. Pigmented mice had significantly higher concentrations of all three drugs than did nonpigmented mice. The results provide a better basis for ultimately using hair for reliable analysis of drug and environmental toxin exposure.  (+info)

Natural copepods are superior to enriched artemia nauplii as feed for halibut larvae (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in terms of survival, pigmentation and retinal morphology: relation to dietary essential fatty acids. (7/1835)

Replicate groups of halibut larvae were fed to d 71 post-first feeding (PFF) either the marine copepod, Eurytemora velox, or Artemia nauplii doubly enriched with the marine chromist or golden algae, Schizochytrium sp., (Algamac 2000) and a commercial oil emulsion (SuperSelco). The fatty acid compositions of eyes, brains and livers from larvae fed the two diets were measured, and indices of growth, eye migration and skin pigmentation were recorded along with histological examinations of eye and liver. The docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3); DHA]/eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3); EPA] ratios in Artemia nauplii enriched with the SuperSelco and Algamac 2000 were 0.4 and 1.0, respectively. The E. velox copepods were divided into two size ranges (125-250 and 250-400 microm) with the smaller size range containing the highest level of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). The DHA/EPA ratios for the two size ranges of copepods were 2.0 and 0.9, respectively. The total lipids of eyes, brains and livers of larvae fed copepods had higher levels of DHA and lower levels of EPA than those of larvae fed enriched Artemia. The percentage of survival of the halibut larvae was significantly higher when copepods rather than enriched Artemia nauplii were fed, but larval specific growth rates did not differ. The indices of eye migration were high and not significantly different in larvae fed the two diets, but the percentage of larvae undergoing successful metamorphosis (complete eye migration and dorsal pigmentation) was higher in larvae fed copepods (40%) than in larvae fed enriched Artemia (4%). The rod/cone ratios in histological sections of the retina were 2.5 +/- 0.7 in larvae fed copepods and 1.3 +/- 0.6 in larvae fed enriched Artemia (P < 0.01). Histological examination of the livers and intestines of the larvae were consistent with better assimilation of lipid from copepods than lipid from Artemia nauplii up to 46 d post-first feeding. Thus, marine copepods are superior to enriched Artemia as food for halibut larvae in terms of survival, eye development and pigmentation, and this superiority can be related to the level of DHA in the feed.  (+info)

Notch-mediated segmentation and growth control of the Drosophila leg. (8/1835)

The possession of segmented appendages is a defining characteristic of the arthropods. By analyzing both loss-of-function and ectopic expression experiments, we show that the Notch signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in the segmentation and growth of the Drosophila leg. Local activation of Notch is necessary and sufficient to promote the formation of joints between segments. This segmentation process requires the participation of the Notch ligands, Serrate and Delta, as well as Fringe. These three proteins are each expressed in the developing leg and antennal imaginal discs in a segmentally repeated pattern that is regulated downstream of the action of Wingless and Decapentaplegic. Our studies further show that Notch activation is both necessary and sufficient to promote leg growth. We also identify target genes regulated both positively and negatively downstream of Notch signaling that are required for normal leg development. Together, these observations outline a regulatory hierarchy for the segmentation and growth of the leg. The Notch pathway is also deployed for segmentation during vertebrate somitogenesis, which raises the possibility of a common origin for the segmentation of these distinct tissues.  (+info)

Sexual Dichromatism Drives Diversification within a Major Radiation of African AmphibiansSexual Dichromatism Drives Diversification within a Major Radiation of African Amphibians
Theory predicts that sexually dimorphic traits under strong sexual selection, particularly those involved with intersexual signaling, can accelerate speciation and produce bursts of diversification. Sexual dichromatism (sexual dimorphism in color) is widely used as a proxy for sexual selection and is associated with rapid diversification in several animal groups, yet studies using phylogenetic comparative methods to explicitly test for an association between sexual dichromatism and diversification have produced conflicting results. Sexual dichromatism is rare in frogs, but it is both striking and prevalent in African reed frogs, a major component of the diverse frog radiation termed Afrobatrachia. In contrast to most other vertebrates, reed frogs display female-biased dichromatism in which females undergo color transformation, often resulting in more ornate coloration in females than in males. We produce a robust phylogeny of Afrobatrachia to investigate the evolutionary origins of sexual ...
Evidence that MIF plays a role in the development of pigmentation patterns in the frog<...Evidence that MIF plays a role in the development of pigmentation patterns in the frog<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence that MIF plays a role in the development of pigmentation patterns in the frog. AU - Fukuzawa, Toshihiko. AU - Samaraweera, Preminda. AU - Mangano, Francesco T.. AU - Law, John H.. AU - Bagnara, Joseph T.. PY - 1995/1. Y1 - 1995/1. N2 - A ventrally localized melanization-inhibiting factor (MIF) may play an important role in the expression of dorsal-ventral pigment patternsof amphibians. In efforts to purify this putativeMIF, ventral skin conditioned medium (VCM) from Rana forreri was partially fractionated and used to immunize mice. A monoclonal antibody that has the ability to block the activity of MIF was isolated, and an immunoaffinity matrix was prepared bycross-linking the antibody to protein G-Sepharose. The fraction of VCM that bound to the affinity matrix decreased the number of melanized cells inthe Xenopus laevis neural tube explant assay, butdid not reduce significantly the number of cells that emigrated. The monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemical ...
Pattern formation by coupled oscillations: The pigmentation patterns on the shells of molluscs | Springer for Research &...Pattern formation by coupled oscillations: The pigmentation patterns on the shells of molluscs | Springer for Research &...
The diversity and beauty of the pigmentation patterns on the shells of snails and bivalved molluscs invites us to construct models to understand their formation. The similarity of patterns in...
John Libbey Eurotext - Green pigmentation on the sole with hyperbilirubinaemiaJohn Libbey Eurotext - Green pigmentation on the sole with hyperbilirubinaemia
An 83-year-old woman presented with abrupt-onset asymptomatic green pigmented lesions on her sole. She had had progressive jaundice and was recently diagnosed with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. The patient had no fever. Physical examination revealed generalized marked jaundice and multiple, round, discrete, deep green, 1- to 2-mm flat areas of pigmentation on the right sole (figure 1A). Close examination showed a linear distribution on the crista cutis (figure 1B). Dermascopic investigation revealed [...]. ...
I am suffering from dark pigmentation on my neck for many yrs. Now am very awkward that...I am suffering from dark pigmentation on my neck for many yrs. Now am very awkward that...
I am suffering from dark pigmentation on my neck for many yrs. Now am very awkward that I cant able to show. Please give some cream names or remedies for qu...
Noticed pigmentation on roots of the hair on back and shoulders. What is the disease called?Noticed pigmentation on roots of the hair on back and shoulders. What is the disease called?
Question - Noticed pigmentation on roots of the hair on back and shoulders. What is the disease called?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Amyloidosis, Ask a Dermatologist
Have pigmentation on neck and is spreading. What is the cure for this? - Doctors insight on HealthcareMagicHave pigmentation on neck and is spreading. What is the cure for this? - Doctor's insight on HealthcareMagic
Question - Have pigmentation on neck and is spreading. What is the cure for this?. Ask a Doctor about diagnosis, treatment and medication for Erythema, Ask a Dermatologist
Molecules that cause pigmentation - Biology-OnlineMolecules that cause pigmentation - Biology-Online
Of the bacteria offered, Kocuria rhizophilia (formerly Micrococcus luteus) yellow pigmentation is due to carotenoids the function of which here is not real obvious. Carotenoids do confer some degee of photoresistance and can function in photosynthesis. Pseudomonas chlororaphis greenish pigmentation is due to pyoverdin, a compound that helps the bug acquire iron. Im not so familiar with B. cereus pigmentation. Ive seen some vague brown, yellowish stuff and it does produce characteristic pigmentation on special media ...
Treatment for Pigmentation on Face Beauty Parlours In BangaloreTreatment for Pigmentation on Face Beauty Parlours In Bangalore
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Phylogenetic analysis of the cardini group of Drosophila with respect to changes in pigmentation<...Phylogenetic analysis of the cardini group of Drosophila with respect to changes in pigmentation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phylogenetic analysis of the cardini group of Drosophila with respect to changes in pigmentation. AU - Brisson, Jennifer A.. AU - Wilder, Jason A. AU - Hollocher, Hope. PY - 2006/6. Y1 - 2006/6. N2 - Phenotypic variability is the engine that drives future diversification with the expectation that polymorphic ancestors give rise to descendants harboring a subset of the ancestral variation. Here we examine evolutionary transitions from polymorphism to monomorphism in a visually striking New World radiation of fruit flies, the Drosophila cardini group. This group is distributed across the Americas and the Caribbean islands and exhibits a wide spectrum of abdominal pigmentation variation. Specifically, the D. dunni subgroup consists of Caribbean island endemics, each of which is monomorphic for its pigmentation pattern, with an interspecific cline of pigmentation across the islands. The D. cardini subgroup consists of American continental species with wide-ranging distributions and ...
Laser Skin Treatment Can Take Away Undesired Pigmentation On The Epidermis - ramiearch8Laser Skin Treatment Can Take Away Undesired Pigmentation On The Epidermis - ramiearch8
Skin pigmentation is a common skin problem worldwide. The phrase pigmentation describes discolouration of your skin, and it is very likel...
pigmentation :: Lexipedia - Where words have meaningpigmentation :: Lexipedia - Where words have meaning
Definition of pigmentation in the online dictionary, Lexipedia. The meaning of pigmentation. What does pigmentation mean? pigmentation synonyms, pigmentation antonyms. Information about pigmentation in the free online dictionary and thesaurus.
Polymorphism of pigmentation genes (OCA2 and ASIP) in some populations of Russia, Russian Journal of Genetics | 10.1134...Polymorphism of pigmentation genes (OCA2 and ASIP) in some populations of Russia, Russian Journal of Genetics | 10.1134...
Read "Polymorphism of pigmentation genes (OCA2 and ASIP) in some populations of Russia, Russian Journal of Genetics" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Biological Pigmentation Patterns: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 424]Biological Pigmentation Patterns: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 424]
This similarity is, I believe, no coincidence. A mollusc shell, like a one-dimensional cellular automaton, in effect grows one... - from A New Kind of Science
Worried About Pigmentation On Your Skin? Here Are Some Tips To Get Rid Of ItWorried About Pigmentation On Your Skin? Here Are Some Tips To Get Rid Of It
It is said that skin pigmentation more commonly occurs among women because of the changes that female sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone bring about in the production of melanin when the skin comes in prolonged contact with sun rays.
Laser removing of tattoo and pigmentation on Estheticon.comLaser removing of tattoo and pigmentation on Estheticon.com
Are you unsatisfied with your tattoo? Do you have skin pigmentation problems; perhaps caused by ageing skin or the sun? Previously, removal of these skin issues was painful; but new laser methods offer the opportunity to clear your skin safely and pain-free.
Testing the potential mechanisms for the maintenance of a genetic color polymorphism in bluefin killifish populations, Current...Testing the potential mechanisms for the maintenance of a genetic color polymorphism in bluefin killifish populations, Current...
Read "Testing the potential mechanisms for the maintenance of a genetic color polymorphism in bluefin killifish populations, Current Zoology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Make Up For PigmentationMake Up For Pigmentation
Pigmentation on the skin can make a person feel very ugly, and have a huge effect on their self confidence. One of the problems as far as pigmentation is concerned is that it can be seen on your skin from afar. It is not a surprise then to see that anyone suffering from skin pigmentation
Pigmenation On My Face - I Have Deep Pigmentation On My Face.my | Practo ConsultPigmenation On My Face - I Have Deep Pigmentation On My Face.my | Practo Consult
28 yrs old Male asked about Pigmenation on my face, 1 doctor answered this and 45 people found it useful. Get your query answered 24*7 only on | Practo Consult
Pigmentation & Sun Spot RemovalPigmentation & Sun Spot Removal
... Pigmentation is a condition that causes an individuals skin to darken. Small dark patches may cover large areas of the persons body or entirely. Pigmentation is typically not harmful, but it can be a sign of other medical conditions. A sun spot is a flat brown spot that develops on areas of your skin that have been exposed to the sun. Although they are also known as liver spots, they have nothing to do with your liver. Sun spots are also harmless and are not noncancerous. They do not pose any risk to your health. Many individuals choose to remove them for cosmetic reasons. Thats where pigmentation & sun spot removal comes in ...
Face Pigmentation Treatment Creams Wholesale, Faced Suppliers - AlibabaFace Pigmentation Treatment Creams Wholesale, Faced Suppliers - Alibaba
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Pigmentation - Halo Med SpaPigmentation - Halo Med Spa
Pigmentation can come in many forms including brown spots, age spots, liver spots. Simply put, pigmentation refers to the small, freckle-like marks that are caused by excessive sun exposure. They commonly appear on the face, chest, shoulders and arms because those areas of the body get the most sunshine. Ultraviolet (UV rays) accelerate the production of melanin, which gives skin its brown pigmentation. Brown spots result from overactive pigment cells and melanin being grouped together in higher concentrations. Melanin tends to develop in small circles in a concentrated area.. These spots are mostly harmless and are usually addressed for cosmetic reasons. If you do notice an unusual brown spot on your skin, be sure to monitor its size and color. Schedule an appointment with your doctor if the spot does change.. ...
Pigmentation marks after pregnancy - Pregnancy BlogPigmentation marks after pregnancy - Pregnancy Blog
Equally, in the event of being pregnant, the ladies pigmentation marks after pregnancy of a lot care and precise therapy. At the moment its easy for the media to drive a wedge. Luckily, with every assessment we do on this website, we are going to present an Amazon link in an effort to look at the product your self and purchase it if you want. Occasional recognizing can be considered regular, but it might even be a sign of a miscarriage. Aftre you need speedy help from other ladies going through this proper now, be part of our personal pigmentation marks after pregnancy on Fb Your family and friends cannot see your posts. Even leaving my pigmenattion that first morning, pigmentation marks after pregnancy head was high again: as a result of she had taken management of her fears and asked for assist. When shopping round mafks pillows preserve these in thoughts examine pillows against one another. Your physique is producing more blood, your coronary heart is working tougher and the way in which you ...
Potential Direct Regulators of the Drosophila yellow Gene Identified by Yeast One-Hybrid and RNAi Screens | G3: Genes | Genomes...Potential Direct Regulators of the Drosophila yellow Gene Identified by Yeast One-Hybrid and RNAi Screens | G3: Genes | Genomes...
Interestingly, 11 of the TFs tested [atonal (ato), Boundary element-associated factor of 32kD (BEAF-32), dsx, Ecdysone-induced protein 78C (Eip78C), Hormone receptor 3 (Hr46), Hr78, jing (jing), Methoprene-tolerant (Met), pointed (pnt), Su(z)12 (Su(z)12), and u-shaped (ush)] had opposite effects on pigmentation in different segments of the abdomen or in different sexes when knocked down with RNAi (Figure 7, Table S4, and File S5). Consequently, they are listed in more than one category in Figure 7. For example, knockdowns of ato, Eip78C, Hr46, Hr78, Met, and ush increased dark pigmentation in female abdominal segments A3, A4, and A5, and male abdominal segments A3 and A4 (also A2 in the case of ush) (Figure 7E), but reduced or eliminated dark pigmentation in female abdominal segment A6 (Figure 7B). Reducing activity of Su(z)12 resulted in broader midline peaks in female abdominal segments A3, A4, and A5, and male abdominal segments A3 and A4 (Figure 7E), but less dark pigmentation in female ...
Reconstructing the evolution of sexual dichromatism: current color diversity does not reflect past rates of male and female...Reconstructing the evolution of sexual dichromatism: current color diversity does not reflect past rates of male and female...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
A Genome-Wide, Fine-Scale Map of Natural Pigmentation Variation in | proLékaře.czA Genome-Wide, Fine-Scale Map of Natural Pigmentation Variation in | proLékaře.cz
Similarly, the most significant SNPs in the bab region also correspond to previously described regulatory regions. The bab locus consists of two paralogous genes, bab1 and bab2, both affecting abdominal pigmentation, with the segment scored here (A7) affected primarily by bab1 activity [17], [32]. The significant SNP in bab1 maps to the "dimorphic" regulatory element in the first intron of this gene, which upregulates bab1 in females, and represses it in males ([17]; Figure 2B, middle). The remaining highly ranked, but non-significant bab SNPs fall into regions that are plausibly also regulatory-a second region within the first intron of bab1 (downstream of the "dimorphic" element), and a third region near the promoter region of bab1-though they have not been validated with functional genetic studies. Finally, the highest ranked SNP outside of the tan and bab regions lies in the male repressor module of ebony, which affects pigmentation in males ([23]; Figure 2B, right), though this SNP was also ...
How to improve your dogs coat and pigmentationHow to improve your dogs coat and pigmentation
Recently our advice lines and show team have received a huge amount of calls and visits from customers asking how can I improve my dogs coat and pigmentation?. With winter just around the corner now is often the time coat condition suffers due to the weather and pigmentation can also reduce due to the lack of sunlight. Here are some tips and ideas on how we can help improve these problems naturally.. Coat Growth and Condition. There are a number of products to improve coat condition, depending on what is required and the type of coat the breed may have.. Keepers Mix® is always our first recommendation as its an all-round supplement that when given daily maintains a strong healthy thick coat and is particularly popular for gundogs and rough coated terriers, but can also improve any type of coat. Consisting of just 8 different herbs and nothing else added, this combination makes sure your dog is getting everything he needs! Click here to find out more about our all round everyday health ...
Using Drosophila pigmentation traits to study the mechanisms of cis-regulatory evolution | TheTomWilliamsLabUsing Drosophila pigmentation traits to study the mechanisms of cis-regulatory evolution | TheTomWilliamsLab
One primary agenda of the developmental evolution field is to elucidate molecular mechanisms governing differences in animal form. While mounting evidence has established an important role for mutations in transcription controlling cis-regulatory elements (CREs), the underlying mechanisms that translate these alterations into differences in gene expression are poorly understood. Emerging studies focused on pigmentation differences…
Facial pigmentation: common causes and how to manage | Medicine TodayFacial pigmentation: common causes and how to manage | Medicine Today
Facial pigmentation may be due to a generalised process but most often is localised to the face. Melasma and actinic damage pigmentation are common and tend to be bilaterally distributed and slowly progressive. Irregularly shaped isolated lesions should be viewed with more caution, and biopsy may be required. Treatments include topical and oral medications, peels, intense pulsed light therapy and laser treatment.. ...
Pigmentation Home Treatment | Ag3dermPigmentation Home Treatment | Ag3derm
Pigmentation Home Treatment Pigmentation can occur on any part of the skin. It can also affect any gender male or female of any age. It has however been found
PigmentationPigmentation
... is an all too common skin condition, especially in Australia. Come into AASC to find out what we can do for your pigmentation.
Cosderma TCA Peel 15% scar reduction , Pigmentation Removal - Cosderma TCA Peel 15% scar reduction , Pigmentation Removal...Cosderma TCA Peel 15% scar reduction , Pigmentation Removal - Cosderma TCA Peel 15% scar reduction , Pigmentation Removal...
COSDERMA - Exporter, Manufacturer & Supplier of Cosderma TCA Peel 15% scar reduction , Pigmentation Removal based in Mira Bhayandar, India
Hydrolipidic film and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-PosayHydrolipidic film and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-Posay
Hydrolipidic film, definition and possible consequences on Pigmentation problems thanks to La Roche-Posay, the brand recommended by over 25,000 dermatologists
Allergen and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-PosayAllergen and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-Posay
Allergen, definition and possible consequences on Pigmentation problems thanks to La Roche-Posay, the brand recommended by over 25,000 dermatologists
Considering Dermatica - can anyone on cost? | MumsnetConsidering Dermatica - can anyone on cost? | Mumsnet
Im thinking about signing up to Dermatica to get my pigmentation on the top of my cheeks sorted.Has anyone else used them for this and if so has it
The Developmental Origin of Hereditary Absence of Otoliths in Mice | DevelopmentThe Developmental Origin of Hereditary Absence of Otoliths in Mice | Development
Hereditary absence of otoliths was discovered by Lyon (1951) in mice homozygous for the mutant pallid. In transverse sections of 4-week-old mice the ears appeared normal except for the lack of otoliths.. The pallid mutant had been known previously for its effect on pigmentation: the coat colour is reduced to pale grey, and the eyes are pink. All animals homozygous for the mutant gene regularly show these pigment defects, but not all lack otoliths, and those that do show all grades of defect. Usually any particular otolith is either normal or completely absent, but occasionally otolith granules are present though fewer and larger than normal.. The present paper describes an investigation of the development of this otolith abnormality. It was hoped that such a study would provide some clue about the cause of the irregular manifestation of the defect, and of its association with reduced pigmentation.. ...
Tawny Owl Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior - Animals TimeTawny Owl Facts | Anatomy, Diet, Habitat, Behavior - Animals Time
Tawny owls defend their territories very actively. You might like to read all these tawny owl facts that includes owls diet, habitat, behavior, and reproduction.
Skin Pigment/Pigmentation Reduction/Treatment in Gurgaon/GurugramSkin Pigment/Pigmentation Reduction/Treatment in Gurgaon/Gurugram
Call @ 124 4071333 For Skin Pigment/Pigmentation Reduction/Treatment in Gurgaon/Gurugram.Worry about your skin and face! Call Us Today.
Hai this is srikanth .IAM suffering from hyper pigmentation and rashes onn my face .My ...Hai this is srikanth .IAM suffering from hyper pigmentation and rashes onn my face .My ...
Hai this is srikanth .IAM suffering from hyper pigmentation and rashes onn my face .My face looks like afire very red n colour .wht I have to do to escape fr...
Pigmentation Treatment - Glo Spa NYPigmentation Treatment - Glo Spa NY
The laser is attracted to the melanin in the skin which absorbs the light and is drawn to the surface without harming the surrounding tissue. Once drawn to the surface, the pigmentation will dry and fall off the area treated.. ...
I have many skin issues like pigmentation and dark circles. Please suggest a one stop shop for skin care.I have many skin issues like pigmentation and dark circles. Please suggest a one stop shop for skin care.
... | Ask questions on any topic, get real answers from real people. Have a question? Ask it. Know an answer? Share it.
Guide to Beating Pigmentation | langdybeautyGuide to Beating Pigmentation | langdybeauty
WHAT IS PIGMENTATION? A condition that causes the skin to appear lighter or darker than normal. If you have brown patches, you have whats known as hyper
CLARINS Mission Perfection | review | LAURA VALUTACLARINS Mission Perfection | review | LAURA VALUTA
Well this serum I got unexpectedly as it was completey new in the range. And I didnt have any expectations. But as I had a pigmentation problems I thought I will give it a go and started to use everyday in the morning before applying my day cream. Used it all over face and concentrated more on the areas where the pigmentation was. Now I have been using this serum for 2 full month and I am really surprised. Pigmentation is almost invisible and skin looks brighter, more even and healthier. I think I just named all the things that every woman would love to achieve. :) But this is just what it is. At first I thought that I will run out of the product really soon, but I was wrong. As it is light and creamy. WIthout a specific scent. Doesnt leave skin greasy or sticky. So if you have a dull skin with pigmentation problems then I suggest to give this a chance. ...
Dark Pigmentation Around My Mouth | LIVESTRONG.COMDark Pigmentation Around My Mouth | LIVESTRONG.COM
Whether its an overabundance of freckles and spots or a mustache-like line across your upper lip, dark pigmentation around your mouth can make you...
The Jojoba Company Natural Pigmentation Oil 30ml | Free Shipping | Reviews | LookfantasticThe Jojoba Company Natural Pigmentation Oil 30ml | Free Shipping | Reviews | Lookfantastic
Buy The Jojoba Company Natural Pigmentation Oil 30ml , luxury skincare, hair care, makeup and beauty products at Lookfantastic.com with Free Delivery.
Identification of Atg2 and ArfGAP1 as Candidate Genetic Modifiers of the Eye Pigmentation Phenotype of Adaptor Protein-3 AP-3...Identification of Atg2 and ArfGAP1 as Candidate Genetic Modifiers of the Eye Pigmentation Phenotype of Adaptor Protein-3 AP-3...
Identification of Atg2 and ArfGAP1 as Candidate Genetic Modifiers of the Eye Pigmentation Phenotype of Adaptor Protein-3 AP-3 Mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Cardiocondyla pirata sp. n. - a new Philippine ant with enigmatic pigmentation pattern (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)Cardiocondyla pirata sp. n. - a new Philippine ant with enigmatic pigmentation pattern (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
A new species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869 – Cardiocondyla pirata sp. n. – is described from the Philippines. The species belongs to an Indo-Malayan group of six species that is characterized by workersa strongly bilobate postpetiolar sternite and a thickset mesosoma with strongly convex dorsal profile as well as wingless, ergatoid males with sickle-shaped mandibles. The female castes show a pigmentation pattern not known from any ant worldwide. Ifany adaptive value, a possible function of this structure is supposed to be visual dissolution of body shape in order to irritate predators.
Locally differentiated cryptic pigmentation in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticusLocally differentiated cryptic pigmentation in the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus
article{b8e636d5-178c-4203-b889-eae504eb21be, abstract = {A repeated pattern of background colour matching in animals is an indication that pigmentation may be cryptic. Here, we examine the relationship between pigmentation of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus and background darkness in 29 lakes, wetlands and ponds in Southern Sweden. The results show that Asellus pigmentation was correlated with substrate darkness across all localities. In seven localities, in which two contrasting substrate types were noted, Asellus populations were differentiated with respect to pigmentation. These findings thus provide phenomenological support for cryptic pigmentation in Asellus. Pigmentation generally increased with body size, but the relationship between pigmentation and size differed among localities, possibly as a result of differences in correlational selection on pigmentation and size. Selection thus appears to have resulted in local differentiation over a small spatial scale, even within lakes ...
Dienekes Anthropology Blog: GWAS study of pigmentation in four European countriesDienekes' Anthropology Blog: GWAS study of pigmentation in four European countries
Pigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes varies both within and between human populations. Identifying the genes and alleles underlying this variation has been the goal of many candidate gene and several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Most GWAS for pigmentary traits to date have been based on subjective phenotypes using categorical scales. But skin, hair, and eye pigmentation vary continuously. Here, we seek to characterize quantitative variation in these traits objectively and accurately and to determine their genetic basis. Objective and quantitative measures of skin, hair, and eye color were made using reflectance or digital spectroscopy in Europeans from Ireland, Poland, Italy, and Portugal. A GWAS was conducted for the three quantitative pigmentation phenotypes in 176 women across 313,763 SNP loci, and replication of the most significant associations was attempted in a sample of 294 European men and women from the same countries. We find that the pigmentation phenotypes are highly ...
Dienekes Anthropology Blog: GWAS study of pigmentation in four European countriesDienekes' Anthropology Blog: GWAS study of pigmentation in four European countries
Pigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes varies both within and between human populations. Identifying the genes and alleles underlying this variation has been the goal of many candidate gene and several genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Most GWAS for pigmentary traits to date have been based on subjective phenotypes using categorical scales. But skin, hair, and eye pigmentation vary continuously. Here, we seek to characterize quantitative variation in these traits objectively and accurately and to determine their genetic basis. Objective and quantitative measures of skin, hair, and eye color were made using reflectance or digital spectroscopy in Europeans from Ireland, Poland, Italy, and Portugal. A GWAS was conducted for the three quantitative pigmentation phenotypes in 176 women across 313,763 SNP loci, and replication of the most significant associations was attempted in a sample of 294 European men and women from the same countries. We find that the pigmentation phenotypes are highly ...
Pigmentation - Neels CornerPigmentation - Neels Corner
Pigmentation is commonly known as dark spots. It is very common in women, it happens due to stress, environmental factors and also during pregnancy. Men also suffer from pigmentation or darkening of skin. Asian skin is especially susceptible to hyper- pigmentation.. Cause. People with a family history of pigmentation are more prone to the problem. Medication such as birth control pills also causes pigmentation. However, it is excess exposure to sunlight that is considered to be the most important factor. Ultraviolet rays from the sun or even strong light from light bulbs can stimulate pigment producing cells. Any irritation of the skin may cause increase pigmentation in individuals with dark complexion.. Pigmentation can also occur by certain conditions such as long term illness, hormonal problems or changes, vitamin B12 deficiency, liver diseases, mal-absorption and nutritional deficiency.. Treatment. All factors which aggravate pigmentation should be prevented. For example dry and chapped skin ...
Pigmentation Removal - SofifiPigmentation Removal - Sofifi
Melasma is blotchy areas of brown skin pigmentation on the face.Individual results may vary. Melasma, (also known as chloasma), appears as blotchy pale brownish pigmentation on the face, especially forehead, cheek and upper lip. It is more common on darker skin types. It is especially common in women aged 20-40 and is associated with pregnancy or taking the contraceptive pill or injection. It also happens in healthy, non pregnant woman taking no medications and men using aftershave.. Sun exposure following some cosmetics can cause a phototoxic reaction where the chemical substance absorbs UV light. The resulting pigmentation extends where sun and cosmetic use have coincided, for example down the neck, often more on the right side in countries that drive on the left.. Melasma is more stubborn and unpredictable to treat than freckles or age spots because the melanocytes have become sensitized and continue to produce extra pigment with even the slightest hint of sun. Sun protection is an essential ...
US3267283A - Color display apparatus for images produced in different frequency ranges - Google PatentsUS3267283A - Color display apparatus for images produced in different frequency ranges - Google Patents
Aug. 16, 1966 N. s. KAPANY 3,267,233 COLOR DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR IM S PRODUCED IN NGES DIFFERENT FREQUENCY 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 4, 1964 NARINDER S. KAPANY ATTORNEYS CABZI CAB Aug. 16, 1966 N. s. KAPANY 3,267,283 COLOR DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR IMAGES PRODUCED IN DIFFERENT FREQUENCY RANGES Filed June 4, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 4 4o FIG.6 48 DEFLECTION CIRCUITS COLOR CONTROL CIRCUITS INVENTOR NARINDER S. KAPANY ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,267,283 I COLOR DISPLAY APPARATUS FOR IMAGES PRO- DUCED IN DIFFERENT FREQUENCY RANGES Narinder S. Kapany, Woodside, Calif., assignor to Optics Technology, Inc., Belmont, Calif., a corporation of California Filed June 4, 1964, Ser. No. 372,589 Claims. (Cl. 250- 71) This invention relates to a method and apparatus for irradiating an object with radiation having components I in various energy or frequency ranges, so that the object sensitivity to either reflection or transmission of radiation in the various ranges can be simultaneously or sequentially ...
Evolution of sex-limited colour polymorphism - Oxford ScholarshipEvolution of sex-limited colour polymorphism - Oxford Scholarship
Species that exhibit genetic colour polymorphism are ideal for studying the micro-evolutionary forces that maintain genetic variation in nature. One very intriguing polymorphism is the coexistence of several discrete morphs within only one sex, with one morph often resembling the opposite sex in colour and sometimes behaviour. In males, this resemblance often allows access to receptive females, while in females the polymorphism appears related to avoiding excessive male sexual harassment. One might wonder why natural selection does not simply give rise to a single best male and female type for each species. The phenomenon of sex-limited polymorphisms provides an important opportunity to test contemporary ideas relating to sexual selection and sexual conflict, and the diversity of polymorphisms that have arisen in odonates clearly offers one of the best natural systems for among species and population comparative research.
Plumage - WikipediaPlumage - Wikipedia
Plumage (Latin: plūma "feather") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies, and may vary with age classes. Within species there can be different colour morphs. The placement of feathers on a bird are not haphazzard, but rather emerge in organized, overlapping rows and groups, and these feather tracts are known by standardized names. Most birds moult, usually before and after breeding, resulting in a breeding or nuptial plumage and a basic plumage. Many ducks and some other species such as the red junglefowl have males wearing a bright nuptial plumage while breeding and a drab eclipse plumage for some months afterwards. The painted buntings juveniles have two inserted moults in their first autumn, each yielding plumage like an adult females. The first starts a few days after fledging replacing the juvenile plumage with an auxiliary formative plumage; ...
In fruit flies, the allele for ebony body color... - OpenStudyIn fruit flies, the allele for ebony body color... - OpenStudy
In fruit flies, the allele for ebony body color is recessive to the allele for brown body color. In a generation of fruit flies with 103 offspring,...
IDEALS @ Illinois: Browse Dissertations and Theses - Crop Sciences by Subject seed coat pigmentationIDEALS @ Illinois: Browse Dissertations and Theses - Crop Sciences by Subject "seed coat pigmentation"
In soybean, dominant alleles of the I locus inhibit pigmentation of the seed coat while the homozygous recessive i allele results in fully pigmented seed. Previous work showed that dominant alleles correspond to duplications ...
A functional approach to understanding the role of NCKX5 in Xenopus pigmentationA functional approach to understanding the role of NCKX5 in Xenopus pigmentation
NCKX5 is an ion exchanger expressed mostly in pigment cells; however, the functional role for this protein in melanogenesis is not clear. A variant allele of SLC24A5, the gene encoding NCKX5, has been shown to correlate with lighter skin pigmentation in humans, indicating a key role for SLC24A5 in determining human skin colour. SLC24A5 expression has been found to be elevated in melanoma. Knockdown analyses have shown SLC24A5 to be important for pigmentation, but to date the function of this ion exchanger in melanogenesis has not been fully established. Our data suggest NCKX5 may have an alternative activity that is key to its role in the regulation of pigmentation. Here Xenopus laevis is employed as an in vivo model system to further investigate the function of NCKX5 in pigmentation. SLC24A5 is expressed in the melanophores as they differentiate from the neural crest and develop in the RPE of the eye. Morpholino knockdown and rescue experiments were designed to elucidate key residues and regions of the
Biomimetic Isotropic Nanostructures for Structural Coloration - Forster - 2010 - Advanced Materials - Wiley Online LibraryBiomimetic Isotropic Nanostructures for Structural Coloration - Forster - 2010 - Advanced Materials - Wiley Online Library
Forster, J. D., Noh, H., Liew, S. F., Saranathan, V., Schreck, C. F., Yang, L., Park, J.-G., Prum, R. O., Mochrie, S. G. J., OHern, C. S., Cao, H. and Dufresne, E. R. (2010), Biomimetic Isotropic Nanostructures for Structural Coloration. Adv. Mater., 22: 2939-2944. doi: 10.1002/adma.200903693 ...
Strong epistatic and additive effects of linked candidate SNPs for Drosophila pigmentation have implications for analysis of...Strong epistatic and additive effects of linked candidate SNPs for Drosophila pigmentation have implications for analysis of...
The mapping resolution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is limited by historic recombination events and effects are often assigned to haplotype blocks rather than individual SNPs. It is not clear how many of the SNPs in the block, and which ones, are causative. Drosophila pigmentation is a powerful model to dissect the genetic basis of intra-specific and inter-specific phenotypic variation. Three tightly linked SNPs in the t-MSE enhancer have been identified in three D. melanogaster populations as major contributors to female abdominal pigmentation. This enhancer controls the expression of the pigmentation gene tan (t) in the abdominal epidermis. Two of the three SNPs were confirmed in an independent study using the D. melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel established from a North American population. We determined the functional impact of SNP1, SNP2, and SNP3 using transgenic lines to test all possible haplotypes in vivo. We show that all three candidate SNPs contribute to female Drosophila
Pigmentation - FacePigmentation - Face
... (135 KB) The Scar Treatment Serum for pigmented and scarred skin, is a natural topical treatment, formulated to assist in helping to improve the appearance of pigmentation no matter what the cause. It is beneficial in assisting with the reduction of pigmentation, premature ageing, dehydration and uneven skin tone. You can get notable results from using the Scar Treatment Serum by itself. Greater results and healthier skin is achievable by adding the partnering products as per the attached skin guide. Use for a minimum of 3 months. Continuous use will help achieve the best results. Avoid sun exposure when using this product. Always wear adequate sun protection. The sun will further damage the skin and cause additional pigmentation ...
HFXLH Color Display Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Smart Watches Fitness Bracelet Activity Tracker Smart Wristband Estimated...HFXLH Color Display Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Smart Watches Fitness Bracelet Activity Tracker Smart Wristband Estimated...
HFXLH #Color #Display #Heart #Monitor #Blood #Pressure #Smart #Watches #Fitness #Bracelet #Activity #Tracker #Smart #Wristband HFXLH Color Display Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Smart Watches Fitness Bracelet Activity Tracker Smart Wristband ...
DT070BTFT-TS | Displaytech DT070BTFT-TS TFT LCD Colour Display / Touch Screen, 7in, 1024 x 600pixels | RS Components ...DT070BTFT-TS | Displaytech DT070BTFT-TS TFT LCD Colour Display / Touch Screen, 7in, 1024 x 600pixels | RS Components ...
Buy Displaytech DT070BTFT-TS TFT LCD Colour Display / Touch Screen, 7in, 1024 x 600pixels DT070BTFT-TS. Browse our latest LCD Colour Displays offers. Free Next Day Delivery available.
The factors affecting the evolution of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in monocot and dicot plant species | BMC...The factors affecting the evolution of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in monocot and dicot plant species | BMC...
The available data demonstrate that even in universal metabolic pathways, some species-specific regulatory features of structural genes are present. For instance, in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP), genes may be regulated by ABP-specific regulatory factors, and their expression levels may be strongly associated with anthocyanin pigmentation, or they may be expressed independently of pigmentation. A dataset of orthologous ABP genes (Chs, Chi, F3h, F3h, Dfr, Ans) from monocot and dicot plant species that have distinct gene regulation patterns and different types of pollination was constructed to test whether these factors affect the evolution of the genes. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we demonstrated that although the whole set of the ABP genes is under purifying selection, with greater selection acting on the upstream genes than on the downstream genes, genes from distinct groups of plant species experienced different strengths of selective pressure. The selective pressure on the
Learning and Species Interactions - Population DynamicsLearning and Species Interactions - Population Dynamics
Learning is important to consider in all manner of species interactions, including mutualism, competition, predation, and parasitism. In all cases, learning by one species in the interaction has the potential to shape the evolution of traits in the other species. For example, learning by predator species is thought to have played a role in the evolution of warning coloration in potential prey species. Warning coloration is coloration that serves to advertise the noxiousness of potential prey, to the mutual benefit of both prey and predator. It is typically highly conspicuous. One advantage of conspicuous coloration is that it is easier for the predator to detect from a distance. However, conspicuous coloration has two additional advantages. It is learned faster by predators and remembered longer, effects which should favor the evolution of conspicuous coloration.. A preys conspicuous coloration and a predators propensity to learn conspicuous colors could evolve in tandem, a prediction that ...
This list is for the discussion of colour mutations and genetics in all species of parrots on a mainly technical level. Basic kThis list is for the discussion of colour mutations and genetics in all species of parrots on a mainly technical level. Basic k
... nowledge of genetics is essential as well as familiarity with the common Parrot colour morphs. The aim is to bring together breeders from different areas of the world so we can gain better understanding of colour mutations.
All you need to know: Skin Pigmentation | Collins Cosmetic ClinicAll you need to know: Skin Pigmentation | Collins Cosmetic Clinic
Laser and IPL treatments are non-invasive procedures that are almost entirely pain free. Facial treatments can take as little as 30 minutes. Speaking with one of our consultants at Collins Cosmetic Clinic can tailor your treatment to suit your needs.. An IPL treatment typically involves lying prostrate on a bed while one of our physicians controls the light technology - used in a series of pulses - with a computer-controlled handpiece that they direct in and around the affected areas of the skin.. Intense Pulsed Light treatments can drastically reduce skin pigmentations within a matter of 3-6 clinical procedures, depending on the severity of the pigmentations.. The treatment, once completed, allows you to return to your everyday activities, making it an effortless procedure to have during the week, even while you are at work.. Following treatments you will see a noticeable change with your skin pigmentations, as they fade and disappear. Most IPL treatments have a high success rate, with 7 in 10 ...
Zebrafish hybrids suggest genetic mechanisms for pigment pattern diversification in DanioZebrafish hybrids suggest genetic mechanisms for pigment pattern diversification in Danio
Pigment patterns of Danio fishes are a tractable system for assessing the developmental genetic bases for the evolution of adult form in vertebrates. These pigment patterns include multiple horizontal melanophore stripes in the zebrafish D. rerio, a complete absence of stripes in D. albolineatus, a …
race/history/evolution notes: ASHG 2010: Pigmentation geneticsrace/history/evolution notes: ASHG 2010: Pigmentation genetics
While demographic processes affect all regions of the genome in a similar manner, selection should preferentially affect levels of diversity and the site frequency spectrum (SFS) in genic regions relative to neutral regions. Here we compare patterns of variation in ten pigmentation candidate loci to a neutral dataset comprised of 61 loci located in regions of high recombination and far from genes. Both the genic and neutral loci were sequenced in the same panel of 72 African (Biaka, Mandenka, and San) and 80 Non-African (Han Chinese, French Basque, and PNG Highlander) chromosomes. As expected, mean levels of diversity are significantly lower in genic relative to neutral regions (?genic = 0.00072; ?neutral = 0.00113; p < 0.01). Because it is often assumed that pigmentation loci have been affected by purifying selection within Africa and by positive directional selection outside of Africa, we compared the SFS of pigmentation and neutral loci in these regions. We observe a trend towards an excess ...
Effect of Different Live Foods Source (Culex Larvae, Chironomus Larvae and Artemia) on Pigmentation of Electric Yellow Fish ...Effect of Different Live Foods Source (Culex Larvae, Chironomus Larvae and Artemia) on Pigmentation of Electric Yellow Fish ...
Objective: The orange-red spectrum of the skin of electric yellow (Labidochromis caeruleus) is one of the idealistic and necessary schemas sought by aquarists and commercial producers. In this study, the effect of live foods meal on the skin coloration of juvenile electric yellow was examined. Methods: 270 fish with an average living body weight was 0.42 ± 0.11 g, and average total length was 3.3 ± 0.35 cm. Their sex was not taken into consideration. . The fish were fed twice in the morning and afternoon by 3-5 percent of the biomass for 8 weeks. The six different treatments (three replicates/treatment) used in the experiment were used. Skin color was measured in below the dorsal fin of all fish. Measurements were recorded at the end of the feeding trial using a Konica Minolta Chroma Meter CR400. Results: At the end of the trial, the carotenoid supplemented diets significantly increased the values of redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and chroma (C*), and decreased the values of
Intercourse linkage pertains to genes which are on the intercourse chromosomes | ooteedee!Intercourse linkage pertains to genes which are on the intercourse chromosomes | ooteedee!
For genes on autosomes, all of us have actually two copies-one from each moms and dad. The 2 copies could be the same, or they might differ. Different variations of the identical gene are known as "alleles" (uh-LEELZ). Genes rule for proteins, and proteins make faculties.* Significantly, it is the 2 alleles working together that affect everything we see-also called a "phenotype.". Feminine pigeons (ZW) have actually just one single Z chromosome, and for that reason just one single allele for every single regarding the genes positioned there. One gene in the Z chromosome affects feather color; three various alleles make feathers blue, ash-red, or brown. In a bird that is femaleZW), her single color allele determines her feather color. However in men (ZZ), two alleles come together to ascertain feather color according with their dominance. This is certainly, ash-red is principal to blue, which can be principal to brown.. Having two copies of the gene could be essential whenever one copy is ...
Accumulation, organization and deployment of oogenetically derived Xenopus yolk/nonyolk proteins | DevelopmentAccumulation, organization and deployment of oogenetically derived Xenopus yolk/nonyolk proteins | Development
The animal/vegetal (A/V) polarity of the typical amphibian egg is immediately recognizable by the distinct pigmentation differences between the darkly pigmented (animal) and lightly pigmented (vegetal) hemispheres. That polarity arises early in oogenesis. Prior to the vitellogenic period during which yolk platelets accumulate and the original (uniform) pigmentation pattern changes, a polarized distribution of several internal components can be detected. Ribosomal DNA accumulates within a localized area in the nucleus (Brachet, 1977). The Balbiani body (containing large numbers of mitochondria) is located outside and to one side of the nucleus, while the nucleoli are later segregated within the nucleus on the opposite side (Billett & Adam, 1976). By the end of the previtellogenic period the Balbiani body (mitochondrial cloud) has moved to the periphery, marking the future vegetal pole (Heasman, Quarmby & Wylie, 1984). During early vitellogenesis the distribution of yolk in an animal/vegetal ...
China Pearl Pigment: Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB4703) - China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl PigmentChina Pearl Pigment: Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB4703) - China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl Pigment
China Pearl Pigment: Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB4703), Find details about China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl Pigment from Pearl Pigment: Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB4703) - Qingdao Ever-Bright Industrial Co., Ltd.
China Pearl Pigment: : Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB483) - China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl PigmentChina Pearl Pigment: : Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB483) - China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl Pigment
China Pearl Pigment: : Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB483), Find details about China Pearlescent Pigment, Pearl Pigment from Pearl Pigment: : Colour & Pigmentation Series (EB483) - Qingdao Ever-Bright Industrial Co., Ltd.
March, 2013 | womenlovebeautyMarch, 2013 | womenlovebeauty
Readers Question. Ive pigmentation on my face. May i know what the best treatment for pigmentation.. Ziwa. .. Dr. Irwins Answer. How I wish there was a simple answer to this question and I know you and millions of other women would like one too. To answer, please remember that there are many different causes of pigment on the face and you must know the cause (your diagnosis) because its the only way that treatment will be effective. So…….. do you have melasma (more horrnonal and pregnancy), sun damage spots (lentingines) or blotches, more raised brown growths (seborrheic keratoses), certain medications or spots that are post acne or after other rashes/ irritations?? And then there are some rarer internal causes like adrenal gland problems. Some women have 2 or 3 of these problems together. Most causes of pigmentation are light/sun activated. Notice I didnt say just sun - but natural LIGHT!!. Once you know what you have, then its easier for you and your dermatologist to figure out ...
Freckles Herbal Remedies, Natural Treatments And Cure | AyurvedicCure.comFreckles Herbal Remedies, Natural Treatments And Cure | AyurvedicCure.com
[toc]Freckles are melanin pigmentations on the skin. These brown spots may appear due to excessive sun exposure. Genetic factors also play a role in the
Genomic Hotspots for Adaptation: The Population Genetics of Mu...Genomic Hotspots for Adaptation: The Population Genetics of Mu...
Genomic Hotspots for Adaptation: The Population Genetics of Mullerian Mimicry in Heliconius erato: Wing pattern evolution in Heliconius butterflies provides som
Patent US6707516 - Single-panel field-sequential color display systems - Google PatentsPatent US6707516 - Single-panel field-sequential color display systems - Google Patents
The present invention provides a single-panel field-sequential full color display systems that are less complex, smaller in size and less costly than prior additive split-path color systems, while exhibiting higher light output, greater flexibility and greater reliability than prior single-panel field-sequential systems. In the first preferred embodiment, the display system includes a
Genetic Testing and the Future of Equine Genomics<...Genetic Testing and the Future of Equine Genomics<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic Testing and the Future of Equine Genomics. AU - Bannasch, Danika L. PY - 2008/11. Y1 - 2008/11. N2 - Genetic tests are now available for most coat color traits and many simple Mendelian diseases in the horse. The horse genome sequence was completed in 2006, with sequence available online to researchers in June of that year. This wealth of new data has already been exploited to provide some very powerful tools that can be used to define more simply inherited diseases in horses at the molecular level, as well as potentially more complex diseases. With the continued availability of genetic testing in horses, veterinarians, and particularly reproduction experts, need to have a good basic understanding of these tests to assist their clients in making informed breeding decisions.. AB - Genetic tests are now available for most coat color traits and many simple Mendelian diseases in the horse. The horse genome sequence was completed in 2006, with sequence available online to ...
Eye Color Inheritance by Devon Heath | Teachers Pay TeachersEye Color Inheritance by Devon Heath | Teachers Pay Teachers
This activity introduces the way that eye color is inherited and explains why it isnt as simple as brown eyes being dominant to blue. The pigmentation patterns seen in brown, blue, green, and hazel eyes are examined. Punnett Square and inheritance pattern knowledge would probably be required for th...
Patent US4931689 - Color display tube - Google PatentsPatent US4931689 - Color display tube - Google Patents
The invention relates to a color display tube comprising a shadow mask (12) placed in front of the display screen (8). The shadow mask (12), at least on the side remote from the display screen, is coated with a glass layer (14) comprising a heavy metal. The object of such a layer is to reflect electrons incident on it so as to reduce local or overall heating. By means of the glass layer it is achieved that it crumbles away less easily, which inter alia is in favor of the picture quality, and that the shadow mask is more rigid.
MARETRON DSM250 Multi-Function Color Display | West MarineMARETRON DSM250 Multi-Function Color Display | West Marine
Shop, read reviews, or ask questions about MARETRON DSM250 Multi-Function Color Display at the official West Marine online store. Since 1968, West Marine has grown to over 250 local stores, with knowledgeable Associates happy to assist. Shop with confidence - get free shipping to home or stores + price match guarantee!
Y29 Smart Band HD Color Display Real-time Heart Rate Motion купить за $170 с доставкой по всем регионам РоссииY29 Smart Band HD Color Display Real-time Heart Rate Motion купить за $170 с доставкой по всем регионам России
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What is Pigmentation? - theskinmedshopWhat is Pigmentation? - theskinmedshop
However, help is at hand from a safe alternative to hydroquinone cosmetics called Tebiskin LC (Lightening Cream), which has been invented by Dr de Paoli, a leading dermatologist and researcher in the field.. Tebiskin LC is highly effective and reduces excessive pigmentation production in the skin safely. The products natural-based ingredients build up in the skin over a number of weeks, resulting in a gradual slowing down in melanin production and normalising excessive levels. As a result, new lighter skin cells migrate to the skin surface, replacing older, darker skin through natural shedding which is encouraged by a mild exfoliant. Tebiskin LC utilises a combination of 4 ingredients to target 4 different stages of pigmentation manufacture while not damaging the melanocyte (the cells which make pigment) and also not releasing potential carcinogens.. Tebiskin LC does not contain hydroquinone, yet it is just as effective and eliminates the risks associated with this dangerous ingredient.. Peter ...
Leave Your Mark in a Different Way: Skin Pigmentation Can be Remedied! | Skin NVLeave Your Mark in a Different Way: Skin Pigmentation Can be Remedied! | Skin NV
Get one-step closer to having the smooth, creamy, velvety skin you dream about by eliminating unwelcome skin pigmentation marks. These marks, called melanin and pigmentation, are the result of several factors. Our natural skin tone is a product of genetics, but unattractive marks and coloring is a product of the interaction of UVA and UVB…
Laser treatment for pigmentation | Skin & AestheticsLaser treatment for pigmentation | Skin & Aesthetics
With advanced technology these days, we can easily get rid of skin pigmentation. What I am talking about here is laser treatment for pigmentation. Before the development of laser-specific lasers, most pigmented lesions could be treated only with surgical excision, often leading to unsightly scar formation. Modern lasers can now treat pigmented lesions without causing damage to the skin.
Skin Pigmentation Treatments London - London Skin NutritionSkin Pigmentation Treatments London - London Skin Nutrition
Aging is a natural biological process that we cannot prevent or stop and this needs no mention that along with the growing age, we can see a clear reflection of the same on the face. But another issue with the skin is the pigmentation. Too much exposure to the sun or to the UV rays can penetrate deep into the skin and cause dark shades. With the help of effective treatment, it is possible to help removing the sings of pigmentation.. ...
How to Get Rid of Skin Pigmentation: Simple Tips & Remedies - Stylish WalksHow to Get Rid of Skin Pigmentation: Simple Tips & Remedies - Stylish Walks
We all wish to have beautiful and flawless skin. It is not very difficult to have perfect skin. All you have to do is to take extra care of your skin. There are many remedies for treating pigmentation, dark spots, freckles ad uneven skin tone. Below are given some of the effective home remedies for treating pigmentation and to have glowing skin. ...
Pigmentation in Abu Dhabi | EzySpotPigmentation in Abu Dhabi | EzySpot
No specific symptoms are associated with pigmentation. Discoloration will occur on your skin in the form of dark brown patches. The skin also becomes rough and dehydrated.There are various causes of pigmentation, which include: Hereditary Excessive exposure to the sun Hormonal changes Certain medications
New pigmentation in the topographic zone of the cardia - infoirisNew pigmentation in the topographic zone of the cardia - infoiris
Despite being a young person, and although six years have elapsed, the growth of this "pigmentation" with these characteristics is indicative of heavy damage to this zone, making it necessary to make changes in his dietary habits and to gradual adapt treatments that enable strengthening those tissues and reducing the damage caused by the gastric juices.. This case study is very educational, not only because it is an example of alteration in the cardia, but also because it is, at the same time, another example of how changes in the iris do indeed occur. We have the 2009 photograph in which, inside the box marked, there was no indication of "pigmentation" and the 2015 photo in which it is abundantly clear how it has developed. It is one more example of how new signs may appear on the surface of the iris.. (The rest of the image of the iris and its interpretation is reserved for courses and study materials that we will gradually publish.). © Multiple Reflex iridology. All rights reserved. © ...
Laser Pigmentation Reduction London - Juvea Aesthetic and MedicalLaser Pigmentation Reduction London - Juvea Aesthetic and Medical
Darker uneven spots that seem to suddenly appear on our skin are called pigmentation spots or lentigines. Also known as liver spots, sun spots, and freckles these unwanted blemishes tend to be as a result of ageing and overexposure to sunlight (including tanning beds). And there are some forms of pigmentation that occur at birth called melasma, often associated with pregnancy or hormonal imbalances.. In nearly all cases these spots and marks are harmless, despite some looking like they should give cause for concern. Many people will continue to live with them and some of the smaller freckles can actually be quite attractive. But for those suffering with the larger marks that can dominate a face, it seems unfair to have to tolerate them - attempt to cover them up with make up. And certainly, no lotions or potions can guarantee to significantly reduce or eliminate them altogether.. Fortunately, with the advancements in laser technology, there is a highly successful and safe treatment that can ...
Scalp Pigmentation Client 15 - HPC Scalp MicroPigmentation CenterScalp Pigmentation Client 15 - HPC Scalp MicroPigmentation Center
Scalp Pigmentation Client 15 - Hair Loss? Transplant Scars? The Scalp Pigmentation Center has a solution for you, call 954-591-6198.
Scalp Pigmentation Client 04 - HPC Scalp MicroPigmentation CenterScalp Pigmentation Client 04 - HPC Scalp MicroPigmentation Center
Scalp Pigmentation Client 04 - Hair Loss? Transplant Scars? The Scalp Pigmentation Center has a solution for you, call 954-591-6198.
AcneAcne
PotatoPotato
PlumagePlumage
Blue-footed boobyBlue-footed booby
Actinic keratosisActinic keratosis
ChromiteChromite
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Prasinohaema virensPrasinohaema virens
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List of cutaneous conditionsList of cutaneous conditions
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Leslie D. GottliebLeslie D. Gottlieb
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Race and geneticsRace and genetics
Eduardo H. RapoportEduardo H. Rapoport
Melanocortin receptorMelanocortin receptor
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
FacialFacial
Ocular straylightOcular straylight
Melanocortin 1 receptorMelanocortin 1 receptor
Grey parrotGrey parrot
Albinism in biologyAlbinism in biology
ChromatophoreChromatophore
LatanoprostLatanoprost
Skin whiteningSkin whitening
Homogentisic acidHomogentisic acid
Kallmann syndromeKallmann syndrome
List of OMIM disorder codesList of OMIM disorder codes
SLC24A5SLC24A5
AmelanismAmelanism
Antonella TostiAntonella Tosti
LophoproctidaeLophoproctidae
FOXN1FOXN1
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Maude AbbottMaude Abbott
Race and societyRace and society
Rule 30Rule 30
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ArsB and ArsAB transportersArsB and ArsAB transporters
Synodontis nummiferSynodontis nummifer
Nesticella marapuNesticella marapu
Light skinLight skin
Eocypselus roweiEocypselus rowei
Müller-Lyer illusionMüller-Lyer illusion
Biodiversity and foodBiodiversity and food
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MelaninMelanin
Corn silkCorn silk
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Bullina vitreaBullina vitrea
Golden algaeGolden algae
PterinPterin
Xiphophorus malincheXiphophorus malinche
Shroom protein familyShroom protein family
Penicillium caseifulvumPenicillium caseifulvum
Brachybacterium faeciumBrachybacterium faecium
Hutchinsons signHutchinson's sign
Sirenoscincus mobydickSirenoscincus mobydick
BullinaBullina
Genetic admixtureGenetic admixture
Dukes diseaseDukes' disease
Alfred KühnAlfred Kühn
Colla netrixColla netrix
Ancestry-informative markerAncestry-informative marker
Senna glycosideSenna glycoside
Melanizing agentsMelanizing agents
OlmOlm
Rhamdia zongolicensisRhamdia zongolicensis
Weak SelectionWeak Selection
Iceberg (orca)Iceberg (orca)
Gillia altilisGillia altilis
HyperpigmentationHyperpigmentation
EvolutionEvolution
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
PigmentationSkin PigmentationPigmentation DisordersMelaninsHair ColorEye ColorMelanocytesHyperpigmentationMonophenol MonooxygenaseMelanosomesReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1Pigments, BiologicalAgouti Signaling ProteinMelanosisAlbinismAlbinism, OculocutaneousAnthocyaninsChromatophoresHypopigmentationErythemaMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMelanophoresReceptors, MelanocortinUltraviolet RaysSunlightPhenotypeFeathersSkinReceptors, CorticotropinHairNail DiseasesMelanomaalpha-MSHAlbinism, OcularOchronosisMutationHermanski-Pudlak SyndromePeutz-Jeghers SyndromeIris DiseasesCatechol OxidaseProdigiosinVitiligoGingival DiseasesHomogentisic AcidEpidermisArgyriaSkin NeoplasmsIrisPigment Epithelium of EyeColorHair FollicleAlkaptonuriaMolecular Sequence DataAllelesAquilegiaIntramolecular OxidoreductasesColubridaeSunbathingCarotenoidsMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesMelanoma, AmelanoticSkin Physiological PhenomenaSkin Lightening Preparationsgp100 Melanoma AntigenLentigoEyeNevusSunburnScandinaviaGenetic VariationSkin AgingSulfathiazolesPiebaldismHair RemovalFlatfishesCafe-au-Lait SpotsPhenothiazinesWaardenburg SyndromeEndothelin-3Base SequenceSkin Diseases, GeneticKeratinocytesPupaZebrafishPro-OpiomelanocortinProstaglandins F, SyntheticChoroidCrosses, GeneticLeg DermatosesMicrophthalmosZea maysOxidoreductasesMembrane Transport ProteinsNevus, PigmentedSOXE Transcription FactorsBiological EvolutionDermoscopyMelanoma, ExperimentalAntiportersStem Cell FactorYersinia pestisPhylogenyProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitSkin, ArtificialSpecies SpecificityGenes, PlantLarvaSequence Analysis, DNAPolymorphism, Single NucleotideGenotypeAdrenal Cortex DiseasesCavesHomozygoteGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalProanthocyanidinsMyxomaCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha SubunitChromosome MappingAdaptation, BiologicalCryptococcusOphthalmia, SympatheticDrosophila melanogasterEgg ShellNeural CrestLightCysteinyldopaGenes, InsectDihydroxyphenylalanineAscomycotaConjunctival DiseasesDermatitis, PhototoxicMutagenesis, InsertionalSelection, GeneticArbutinGingivectomyClofazimineCronobacter sakazakiiPunicaceaeRetinal PigmentsTranscription FactorsAmino Acid SequencePhenylthioureaDrosophila ProteinsButterfliesSkin DiseasesSpores, FungalMosaicism
Face Pigmentation Treatment Creams Wholesale, Faced Suppliers - AlibabaFace Pigmentation Treatment Creams Wholesale, Faced Suppliers - Alibaba
Kits | High Performance Skincare | Rodial : PigmentationKits | High Performance Skincare | Rodial : Pigmentation
Pigmentation PatchesPigmentation Patches
Allergen and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-PosayAllergen and Pigmentation problems with La Roche-Posay
pigmentation :: Lexipedia - Where words have meaningpigmentation :: Lexipedia - Where words have meaning
Molecules that cause pigmentation - Biology-OnlineMolecules that cause pigmentation - Biology-Online
Few remedies to tackle pigmentation - AnandabazarFew remedies to tackle pigmentation - Anandabazar
Biological Pigmentation Patterns: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 424]Biological Pigmentation Patterns: A New Kind of Science | Online by Stephen Wolfram [Page 424]
How to improve your dogs coat and pigmentationHow to improve your dogs coat and pigmentation
The Jojoba Company Natural Pigmentation Oil 30ml | Free Shipping | Reviews | Lookfantastic The Jojoba Company Natural Pigmentation Oil 30ml | Free Shipping | Reviews | Lookfantastic
John Libbey Eurotext - Green pigmentation on the sole with hyperbilirubinaemiaJohn Libbey Eurotext - Green pigmentation on the sole with hyperbilirubinaemia
I have many skin issues like pigmentation and dark circles. Please suggest a one stop shop for skin care.I have many skin issues like pigmentation and dark circles. Please suggest a one stop shop for skin care.
Pigmentation - Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | EFMedispaPigmentation - Causes, Symptoms & Treatments | EFMedispa
Rapid genetic evolution linked to lighter skin pigmentation in a southern African populationRapid genetic evolution linked to lighter skin pigmentation in a southern African population
Pigmentation | ScienceBlogsPigmentation | ScienceBlogs
PigmentationPigmentation
Pigmentation during pregnancyPigmentation during pregnancy
Pigmentation of Jejunal Muscle | The BMJPigmentation of Jejunal Muscle | The BMJ
Does Laser Pigmentation Removal Really Work?Does Laser Pigmentation Removal Really Work?
Skin Pigmentation News, Research - Page 4Skin Pigmentation News, Research - Page 4
pigmentation | LATINApigmentation | LATINA
Pigmentation DisordersPigmentation Disorders
blue sclera or pigmentation? - Eye Care - MedHelpblue sclera or pigmentation? - Eye Care - MedHelp
Disorders of Oral Pigmentation: Background, Pathophysiology, EpidemiologyDisorders of Oral Pigmentation: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Wiley-VCH - Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological ImplementationsWiley-VCH - Bio-pigmentation and Biotechnological Implementations
Pigmentation disorder - WikipediaPigmentation disorder - Wikipedia
Eye colour: portals into pigmentation genes and ancestry. - PubMed - NCBIEye colour: portals into pigmentation genes and ancestry. - PubMed - NCBI
Fundus Pigmentation in Retinopathy of Prematurity | American Academy of PediatricsFundus Pigmentation in Retinopathy of Prematurity | American Academy of Pediatrics
Amalgam pigmentation - definition of amalgam pigmentation by The Free DictionaryAmalgam pigmentation - definition of amalgam pigmentation by The Free Dictionary
Skin Pigmentation | Dark Spot Removal &Treatment | M&SSkin Pigmentation | Dark Spot Removal &Treatment | M&S
How to Remove Upper Lip PigmentationHow to Remove Upper Lip Pigmentation
Pycnogenol® Hydrates Skin and Reduces PigmentationPycnogenol® Hydrates Skin and Reduces Pigmentation
Drug-induced pigmentation - WikipediaDrug-induced pigmentation - Wikipedia
skin pigmentation Archives - NewBeautyskin pigmentation Archives - NewBeauty
Pigmentation of muscadine grapePigmentation of muscadine grape
The genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation | PNASThe genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation | PNAS
Home Remedies for Pigmentation: How to Remove Dark SpotsHome Remedies for Pigmentation: How to Remove Dark Spots
Hyper pigmentation from Bergamot! - Contact Dermatitis QuestionHyper pigmentation from Bergamot! - Contact Dermatitis Question
Skin Pigmentation & darkening?? - Lupus - HealingWell.com ForumSkin Pigmentation & darkening?? - Lupus - HealingWell.com Forum
How to Remove Hyper Pigmentation | Livestrong.comHow to Remove Hyper Pigmentation | Livestrong.com
Home Treatment of Facial Pigmentation | LIVESTRONG.COMHome Treatment of Facial Pigmentation | LIVESTRONG.COM
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
PigmentationSkin PigmentationPigmentation DisordersMelaninsHair ColorEye ColorMelanocytesHyperpigmentationMonophenol MonooxygenaseMelanosomesReceptor, Melanocortin, Type 1Pigments, BiologicalAgouti Signaling ProteinMelanosisAlbinismAlbinism, OculocutaneousAnthocyaninsChromatophoresHypopigmentationErythemaMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorMelanophoresReceptors, MelanocortinUltraviolet RaysSunlightPhenotypeFeathersSkinReceptors, CorticotropinHairNail DiseasesMelanomaalpha-MSHAlbinism, OcularOchronosisMutationHermanski-Pudlak SyndromePeutz-Jeghers SyndromeIris DiseasesCatechol OxidaseProdigiosinVitiligoGingival DiseasesHomogentisic AcidEpidermisArgyriaSkin NeoplasmsIrisPigment Epithelium of EyeColorHair FollicleAlkaptonuriaMolecular Sequence DataAllelesAquilegiaIntramolecular OxidoreductasesColubridaeSunbathingCarotenoidsMelanocyte-Stimulating HormonesMelanoma, AmelanoticSkin Physiological PhenomenaSkin Lightening Preparationsgp100 Melanoma AntigenLentigoEyeNevusSunburnScandinaviaGenetic VariationSkin AgingSulfathiazolesPiebaldismHair RemovalFlatfishesCafe-au-Lait SpotsPhenothiazinesWaardenburg SyndromeEndothelin-3Base SequenceSkin Diseases, GeneticKeratinocytesPupaZebrafishPro-OpiomelanocortinProstaglandins F, SyntheticChoroidCrosses, GeneticLeg DermatosesMicrophthalmosZea maysOxidoreductasesMembrane Transport ProteinsNevus, PigmentedSOXE Transcription FactorsBiological EvolutionDermoscopyMelanoma, ExperimentalAntiportersStem Cell FactorYersinia pestisPhylogenyProto-Oncogene Proteins c-kitSkin, ArtificialSpecies SpecificityGenes, PlantLarvaSequence Analysis, DNAPolymorphism, Single NucleotideGenotypeAdrenal Cortex DiseasesCavesHomozygoteGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalProanthocyanidinsMyxomaCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha SubunitChromosome MappingAdaptation, BiologicalCryptococcusOphthalmia, SympatheticDrosophila melanogasterEgg ShellNeural CrestLightCysteinyldopaGenes, InsectDihydroxyphenylalanineAscomycotaConjunctival DiseasesDermatitis, PhototoxicMutagenesis, InsertionalSelection, GeneticArbutinGingivectomyClofazimineCronobacter sakazakiiPunicaceaeRetinal PigmentsTranscription FactorsAmino Acid SequencePhenylthioureaDrosophila ProteinsButterfliesSkin DiseasesSpores, FungalMosaicism
MelaninFrecklesMelasmaPigmentSpotsAbdominal pigmentationBlemishesRemovalLightenDrosophilaDiscolorationAcneArea of pigmentationLoss of pigmentationCoat and pigmentationSuperficialGenesDermatologistGeneticsTreat pigmentationRemove pigmentationOral contraceptive tabletsTreatmentsCreamUnevenExposureReducePatternsNeckFacialCreamsClinicsPregnancyDiscolourationSun's damaCosmetic
Melanin2
Freckles1
  • Scarred tissues Freckles Spider or thread veins Environmental sun damage Curing pigmentation problems has grown to be easier with new dermatology techniques. (squareblogs.net)
Melasma4
Pigment1
Spots2
Abdominal pigmentation4
  • Here, we use a replicated genome-wide association approach (Pool-GWAS) to fine-scale map genomic regions contributing to natural variation in female abdominal pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster , a trait that is highly variable in natural populations and highly heritable in the laboratory. (prolekare.cz)
  • We examined abdominal pigmentation phenotypes in approximately 8000 female European D. melanogaster , isolating 1000 individuals with extreme phenotypes. (prolekare.cz)
  • This group is distributed across the Americas and the Caribbean islands and exhibits a wide spectrum of abdominal pigmentation variation. (elsevier.com)
  • The D. cardini subgroup consists of American continental species with wide-ranging distributions and intraspecifically variable abdominal pigmentation. (elsevier.com)
Blemishes1
Removal16
Lighten1
Drosophila3
  • Here, we examine the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in Drosophila cuticle pigmentation. (prolekare.cz)
  • The identification of genes responsible for differences in pigmentation can thus shed light on evolution, plasticity and sexual dimorphism in Drosophila . (prolekare.cz)
  • Emerging studies focused on pigmentation differences among closely related Drosophila species have provided many examples of phenotypically relevant CRE changes, and have begun to illuminate how this process works at the level of regulatory sequence function and transcription factor binding. (thetomwilliamslab.com)
Discoloration2
Acne1
Area of pigmentation1
Loss of pigmentation1
Coat and pigmentation1
  • Recently our advice lines and show team have received a huge amount of calls and visits from customers asking how can I improve my dog's coat and pigmentation? (dorwest.com)
Superficial1
Genes2
  • We identify two small regions near the pigmentation genes tan and bric-à-brac 1 , both corresponding to known cis -regulatory regions, which contain SNPs showing significant associations with pigmentation variation. (prolekare.cz)
  • Polymorphism of pigmentation genes (OCA2 and ASIP) in some populations of Russia Malyarchuk, B. (deepdyve.com)
Dermatologist1
  • During the consultation, the dermatologist will examine your tattoo or pigmentation and suggest a procedure to achieve the best possible results. (estheticon.com)
Genetics1
Treat pigmentation1
Remove pigmentation1
  • If you are not pregnant or taking the pill, then it should be possible to remove pigmentation patches by using some simple topical creams. (ag3derm.com)
Oral contraceptive tablets1
Treatments1
Cream1
Uneven1
Exposure2
  • As a simple rule for pigmentation of any kind I would strongly advise you to use a sunscreen and keep body areas covered, use a cap when out doors, avoid direct sun exposure between ten am to four pm. (practo.com)
  • Simply put, pigmentation refers to the small, freckle-like marks that are caused by excessive sun exposure. (halomedspaabq.com)
Reduce2
  • With winter just around the corner now is often the time coat condition suffers due to the weather and pigmentation can also reduce due to the lack of sunlight. (dorwest.com)
  • It's possible to reduce the effects of pigmentation. (efmedispa.com)
Patterns4
Neck3
  • I have deep pigmentation on my face.my body is full white but my face and neck is darker.i have tried chemical peel also.but id did not use for me.please suggest for pig mention on my face completely.now i am attaching my photos also. (practo.com)
  • It is easier to remove tattoos and pigmentation from places that move a lot (fingers, neck. (estheticon.com)
  • Laser skin pigmentation treatment solutions are safe to the face, hands, neck and chest and achieves effective, outstanding results each time. (squareblogs.net)
Facial4
Creams1
  • Many of the topical creams for removing pigmentation are made with hydroquinone, it is available over in some countries and only only available with a prescription in others. (ag3derm.com)
Clinics1
Pregnancy1
  • A drop in pigmentation may occur on the nose, eyes and mouth during the winter months and also in bitches following a season or pregnancy. (dorwest.com)
Discolouration2
Sun's dama1
  • Most pigmentation occurs due to overexposure to the sun's damaging rays. (squareblogs.net)
Cosmetic3
Sivakumaran
Sivakumaran (ayurvediccure.com)
Pigmentation Treatment W1G Postcode • Compare Prices & Check Reviews
Pigmentation Treatment W1G Postcode • Compare Prices & Check Reviews (whatclinic.com)
A functional approach to understanding the role of NCKX5 in Xenopus pigmentation
A functional approach to understanding the role of NCKX5 in Xenopus pigmentation (journals.plos.org)
Birthmarks And Other Skin Pigmentation Problems-Dr. Kaitlin Elizabeth Vaughn Dermatologist Overland Park, KS MedicineNet
Birthmarks And Other Skin Pigmentation Problems-Dr. Kaitlin Elizabeth Vaughn Dermatologist Overland Park, KS MedicineNet (medicinenet.com)
Birthmarks And Other Skin Pigmentation Problems-Dr. Charles Franklin WilliamsJr Dermatologist New Castle, IN MedicineNet
Birthmarks And Other Skin Pigmentation Problems-Dr. Charles Franklin WilliamsJr Dermatologist New Castle, IN MedicineNet (medicinenet.com)
Skalp-hair-pigmentation-36 | HairSite.com
Skalp-hair-pigmentation-36 | HairSite.com (hairsite.com)
'skin pigmentation' Protocols and Video...
'skin pigmentation' Protocols and Video... (jove.com)
Ethnic and Mouse Strain Differences in Central Corneal Thickness and Association with Pigmentation Phenotype
Ethnic and Mouse Strain Differences in Central Corneal Thickness and Association with Pigmentation Phenotype (journals.plos.org)
Single natural eye shadows with great pigmentation and color
Single natural eye shadows with great pigmentation and color (honeybeegardens.com)
Skin Pigmentation | Speaking of Women's Health
Skin Pigmentation | Speaking of Women's Health (speakingofwomenshealth.com)
Dorwest Kelp Seaweed Tablets for Obesity, Coat & Pigmentation
Dorwest Kelp Seaweed Tablets for Obesity, Coat & Pigmentation (petdrugsonline.co.uk)
JCDR - Insulin injection technique, Patient education, Skin pigmentation, Site rotation
JCDR - Insulin injection technique, Patient education, Skin pigmentation, Site rotation (jcdr.net)
Complexion Cleansing Bar Clear Essense | Lemon plus Vitamin C | Skin Pigmentation | Skin Tone | Paks
Complexion Cleansing Bar Clear Essense | Lemon plus Vitamin C | Skin Pigmentation | Skin Tone | Paks (pakcosmetics.com)
Potato - Wikipedia
Potato - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Acne - Wikipedia
Acne - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model | SpringerLink
Hair analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Plumage - Wikipedia
Plumage - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Chromite - Wikipedia
Chromite - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Search - Tag - hyper pigmentation
Search - Tag - hyper pigmentation (beautifulskinwhitening.com)
POV Machine - Micro Pigmentation
POV Machine - Micro Pigmentation (mithracanada.com)
Pigmentation Archives - Iconic Medispa
Pigmentation Archives - Iconic Medispa (iconicmedispa.com.au)
How pregnancy affects your skin - the weird skin issues caused by pregnancy
How pregnancy affects your skin - the weird skin issues caused by pregnancy (netdoctor.co.uk)
Best Retinols: The Creams, Products & Serums To Know | PORTER
Best Retinols: The Creams, Products & Serums To Know | PORTER (net-a-porter.com)
Xalatan - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Xalatan - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses (drugs.com)
Pigmentation: Everything You Need To Know & How To Treat It | PORTER
Pigmentation: Everything You Need To Know & How To Treat It | PORTER (net-a-porter.com)
What is your complexion trying to tell you?
What is your complexion trying to tell you? (netdoctor.co.uk)
Lumigan (Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.03% for Glaucoma): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Lumigan (Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.03% for Glaucoma): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses (rxlist.com)
Travatan Z (Travoprost Ophthalmic Solution): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Travatan Z (Travoprost Ophthalmic Solution): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning (rxlist.com)
Lumigan - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Lumigan - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses (drugs.com)
Rescula (Unoprostone isopropyl): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Rescula (Unoprostone isopropyl): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning (rxlist.com)
Enhancer-Promoter Communication at the yellow Gene of Drosophila melanogaster: Diverse Promoters Participate in and Regulate...
Enhancer-Promoter Communication at the yellow Gene of Drosophila melanogaster: Diverse Promoters Participate in and Regulate... (genetics.org)
Pigmentation
Pigmentation (tolweb.org)
Pigmentation during pregnancy
Pigmentation during pregnancy (netdoctor.co.uk)
Canthaxanthin - Wikipedia
Canthaxanthin - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches -...
Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches -... (pubs.rsc.org)