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PiceaGymnospermsAbiesConiferophytaPinusTreesWoodPlant StemsBotanyPinaceaeWeevilsPseudotsugaEncyclopedias as TopicTerminology as TopicOregonNorth AmericaChamaecyparisBiomassSwitzerlandQuality of LifePlants, Genetically ModifiedTranscriptomeYeast, DriedPlant ProteinsPlant LeavesPlant RootsPulvinusSeedsPollinationTime FactorsWingHemipteraSouth CarolinaAppalachian RegionPlasmodiophoridaLiriodendronTanninsPlant BarkLichensRegenerationSeedlingNerve Regeneration
Picea: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen, pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base.Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).Abies: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. Balm of Gilead is a common name more often referring to POPULUS and sometimes to COMMIPHORA.Coniferophyta: A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs.Pinus: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.Wood: A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.Plant Stems: Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Botany: The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.Pinaceae: A plant family of the order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta, known for the various conifers.Weevils: BEETLES in the family Curculionidae and the largest family in the order COLEOPTERA. They have a markedly convex shape and many are considered pests.Pseudotsuga: A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are coniferous evergreen trees with long, flat, spirally arranged needles that grow directly from the branch.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.OregonNorth AmericaChamaecyparis: A plant genus of the family CUPRESSACEAE which should not be confused with other cedar and cypress trees of THUJA or CUPRESSUS genera.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.SwitzerlandQuality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Transcriptome: The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.Yeast, Dried: The dry cells of any suitable strain of SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE or CANDIDA. It can be obtained as a by-product from the brewing of beer or by growing on media not suitable for beer production. Dried yeast serves as a source of protein and VITAMIN B COMPLEX.Plant Proteins: Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Pulvinus: A group of cells at the base of a leaf in certain plants that, by rapidly losing water, brings about changes in the position of the leaves. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Pollination: The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.WingHemiptera: A large order of insects characterized by having the mouth parts adapted to piercing or sucking. It is comprised of four suborders: HETEROPTERA, Auchenorrhyncha, Sternorrhyncha, and Coleorrhyncha.South CarolinaAppalachian Region: A geographical area of the United States with no definite boundaries but comprising northeastern Alabama, northwestern Georgia, northwestern South Carolina, western North Carolina, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western Virginia, West Virginia, western Maryland, southwestern Pennsylvania, southern Ohio, and southern New York.Plasmodiophorida: A group of EUKARYOTES that are parasites of plants. Life cycle stages include zoospores and plasmodia.Liriodendron: A plant genus of the family MAGNOLIACEAE. Members include hardwood trees of eastern North America with distinct large tuliplike flowers.Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.Plant Bark: The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.Lichens: Any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic combination of a fungus with an algae or CYANOBACTERIA, and sometimes both. The fungal component makes up the bulk of the lichen and forms the basis for its name.Regeneration: The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.Seedling: Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.Nerve Regeneration: Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Xylem water content and wood density in spruce and oak trees detected by high-resolution computed tomography. (1/229)

Elucidation of the mechanisms involved in long-distance water transport in trees requires knowledge of the water distribution within the sapwood and heartwood of the stem as well as of the earlywood and latewood of an annual ring. X-ray computed tomography is a powerful tool for measuring density distributions and water contents in the xylem with high spatial resolution. Ten- to 20-year-old spruce (Picea abies L. KARST.) and oak (Quercus robur) trees grown in the field were used throughout the experiments. Stem and branch discs were collected from different tree heights, immediately deep frozen, and used for the tomographic determinations of spatial water distributions. Results are presented for single-tree individuals, demonstrating heartwood and sapwood distribution throughout their entire length as well as the water relations in single annual rings of both types of wood. Tree rings of the sapwood show steep water gradients from latewood to earlywood, whereas those of the heartwood reflect water deficiency in both species. Although only the latest two annual rings of the ringporous species are generally assumed to transport water, we found similar amounts of water and no tyloses in all rings of the oak sapwood, which indicates that at least water storage is important in the whole sapwood.  (+info)

An improved procedure for production of white spruce (Picea glauca) transgenic plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (2/229)

An efficient and reproducible procedure for the transformation of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) embryogenic tissues was developed using A. tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. Rapidly dividing white spruce embryogenic tissues were co-cultivated with disarmed A. tumefaciens strains containing additional copies of the virulence regions from plasmid PToK47. The plasmid pBi121, containing the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) gene providing kanamycin resistance as a selectable marker and the beta-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene, was used as binary vector. The highest frequency of transformation (15 transformed tissues g(-1) FW of treated embryogenic tissue) was obtained with 5-d-old tissues grown in liquid medium and co-cultivated with Agrobacterium for 2 d in the same medium but containing 50 microM acetosyringone. Recovery of kanamycin-resistant tissues was improved when tissues were first grown for 10 d on a timentin-containing medium (400 mg l(-1)), to prevent bacterial overgrowth, before application of the selection pressure. After 6 weeks on kanamycin-selection medium, resistant tissues were obtained and showed stable uidA expression. The presence of the transgenes was demonstrated by PCR analysis and their integration into the genome was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Transgenic plants were regenerated from transformed tissues within 4 months after co-culture.  (+info)

Analysis of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and cellular contents of sugars and proteins during spruce somatic embryogenesis suggests a regulatory role of exogenous sucrose in embryo development. (3/229)

Carbohydrate metabolism was investigated during spruce somatic embryogenesis. During the period of maintenance corresponding to the active phase of embryogenic tissue growth, activities of soluble acid invertase and alkaline invertase increased together with cellular glucose and fructose levels. During the same time, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity increased while sucrose synthase (SuSy) activity stayed constant together with the cellular sucrose level. Therefore, during maintenance, invertases were thought to generate the hexoses necessary for embryogenic tissue growth while SuSy and SPS would allow cellular sucrose to be kept at a constant level. During maturation on sucrose-containing medium, SuSy and SPS activities stayed constant whereas invertase activities were high during the early stage of maturation before declining markedly from the second to the fifth week. This decrease of invertase activities resulted in a decreased hexose:sucrose ratio accompanied by starch and protein deposition. Additionally, carbohydrate metabolism was strongly modified when sucrose in the maturation medium was replaced by equimolar concentrations of glucose and fructose. Essentially, during the first 2 weeks, invertase activities were low in tissues growing on hexose-containing medium while cellular glucose and fructose levels increased. During the same period, SuSy activity increased while the SPS activity stayed constant together with the cellular sucrose level. This metabolism reorganization on hexose-containing medium affected cellular protein and starch levels resulting in a decrease of embryo number and quality. These results provide new knowledge on carbohydrate metabolism during spruce somatic embryogenesis and suggest a regulatory role of exogenous sucrose in embryo development.  (+info)

Endogenous Nod-factor-like signal molecules promote early somatic embryo development in Norway spruce. (4/229)

Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. Auxin is important for PEM formation and proliferation. In this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks PEM development and causes large-scale cell death. Extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of PEM aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. Partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows that it is a lipophilic, low-molecular-weight molecule, which is sensitive to chitinase and contains GlcNAc residues. On the basis of this information, we propose that the factor is a lipophilic chitin oligosaccharide (LCO). The amount of LCO correlates to the developmental stages of PEMs and embryos, with the highest level in the media conditioned by developmentally blocked cultures. LCO is not present in nonembryogenic cultures. Cell death, induced by withdrawal of auxin, is suppressed by extra supply of endogenous LCO or Nod factor from Rhizobium sp. NGR234. The effect can be mimicked by a chitotetraose or chitinase from Streptomyces griseus. Taken together, our data suggest that endogenous LCO acts as a signal molecule stimulating PEM and early embryo development in Norway spruce.  (+info)

Identification of a hydrophobin gene that is developmentally regulated in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma terreum. (5/229)

The symbiosis between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is an essential part of forest ecology and depends entirely on the communication between the two partners for establishing and maintaining the relationship. The identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes is a step to identifying such signals and to understanding the regulation of this process. We determined the role of hydrophobins produced by Tricholoma terreum in mycorrhiza formation and hyphal development. A hydrophobin was purified from culture supernatant, and the corresponding gene was identified. The gene is expressed in aerial mycelium and in mycorrhiza. By using a heterologous antiserum directed against a hydrophobin found in the aerial mycelium of Schizophyllum commune, we detected a hydrophobin in the symbiosis between T. terreum and its native pine host Pinus sylvestris. The hydrophobin was found in aerial mycelium of the hyphal mantle and also in the Hartig net hyphae, which form the interface between both partners. Interestingly, this was not the case in the interaction of T. terreum with a host of low compatibility, the spruce Picea abies. The differential expression with respect to host was verified at the transcriptional level by competitive PCR. The differential protein accumulation pattern with respect to host compatibility seen by immunofluorescence staining can thus be attributed at least in part to transcriptional control of the hyd1 gene.  (+info)

High expression of putative aquaporin genes in cells with transporting and nutritive functions during seed development in Norway spruce (Picea abies). (6/229)

Aquaporins mediate the bidirectional passage of water over membranes and are present in tonoplasts (TIPs) and in plasma membranes (PIPs) of plant cells. Knowing their expression in different tissues is valuable when assessing their contribution to plant water relations. A TIP-gene has been cloned from developing female gametophytes of Picea abies, a conifer displaying an embryology different from the angiosperms. Probes were made from conserved regions of the TIP gene and used for in situ hybridization to examine the gene expression pattern in developing female reproductive structures. Early during development high transcript expression was found in the spongy tissue encasing the developing female gametophyte, in cells of the future seed coat of young ovules and in vascular tissue of the ovuliferous scale. At later stages a strong signal was seen in archegonia jacket cells surrounding egg cells and, still later, at the time of storage protein accumulation, in storage parenchyma cells of the gametophyte as well. These aquaporin-homologues probably participate in regulating water balance in the cells although they could also be permeable to other molecules than water.  (+info)

Methyl jasmonate induces traumatic resin ducts, terpenoid resin biosynthesis, and terpenoid accumulation in developing xylem of Norway spruce stems. (7/229)

Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) produces an oleoresin characterized by a diverse array of terpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and diterpene resin acids that can protect conifers against potential herbivores and pathogens. Oleoresin accumulates constitutively in resin ducts in the cortex and phloem (bark) of Norway spruce stems. De novo formation of traumatic resin ducts (TDs) is observed in the developing secondary xylem (wood) after insect attack, fungal elicitation, and mechanical wounding. Here, we characterize the methyl jasmonate-induced formation of TDs in Norway spruce by microscopy, chemical analyses of resin composition, and assays of terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes. The response involves tissue-specific differentiation of TDs, terpenoid accumulation, and induction of enzyme activities of both prenyltransferases and terpene synthases in the developing xylem, a tissue that constitutively lacks axial resin ducts in spruce. The induction of a complex defense response in Norway spruce by methyl jasmonate application provides new avenues to evaluate the role of resin defenses for protection of conifers against destructive pests such as white pine weevils (Pissodes strobi), bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae), and insect-associated tree pathogens.  (+info)

Molecular identification of ectomycorrhizal mycelium in soil horizons. (8/229)

Molecular identification techniques based on total DNA extraction provide a unique tool for identification of mycelium in soil. Using molecular identification techniques, the ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal community under coniferous vegetation was analyzed. Soil samples were taken at different depths from four horizons of a podzol profile. A basidiomycete-specific primer pair (ITS1F-ITS4B) was used to amplify fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from total DNA extracts of the soil horizons. Amplified basidiomycete DNA was cloned and sequenced, and a selection of the obtained clones was analyzed phylogenetically. Based on sequence similarity, the fungal clone sequences were sorted into 25 different fungal groups, or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Out of 25 basidiomycete OTUs, 7 OTUs showed high nucleotide homology (> or = 99%) with known EM fungal sequences and 16 were found exclusively in the mineral soil. The taxonomic positions of six OTUs remained unclear. OTU sequences were compared to sequences from morphotyped EM root tips collected from the same sites. Of the 25 OTUs, 10 OTUs had > or = 98% sequence similarity with these EM root tip sequences. The present study demonstrates the use of molecular techniques to identify EM hyphae in various soil types. This approach differs from the conventional method of EM root tip identification and provides a novel approach to examine EM fungal communities in soil.  (+info)

Localised impact of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on soil permeability. - Lancaster EPrintsLocalised impact of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) on soil permeability. - Lancaster EPrints
A typical upland soil catena afforested with Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) was chosen to examine the localised effect of trees on soil permeability. A borehole permeameter was used to measure soil permeability at 0.2 m and approximately 2 m distance from the stem of 20 trees at a fixed measurement depth of 0.25 to 0.45 m. In the case of the near-tree measurements, this corresponded to soil beneath the main root plate of each conifer. Two principal elements of the soil catena: the ferric podzol of the mid-slope and histosol soil of the foot-slope were investigated. The preliminary data set shows that within the ferric podzol element, the permeability of the soil beneath individual conifers was a factor of 5.4 less than that of the adjacent soil. In contrast, within the histosol sub-tree permeabilities could not be distinguished from those of soil 2 m away from each tree. The decrease in sub-tree permeability within the podzol may be caused by sensitivity of the Bsl horizon to ...
TSP9-like superfamily domain assignments in Picea sitchensisTSP9-like superfamily domain assignments in Picea sitchensis
... . Domain assignment details for each protein include region, Evalue and model. Alignments, domain architectures and domain combinations are provided for each group of proteins.
Influence of episodes of summer O3 on delta (5) and delta (9) fatty acids in autumnal lipids of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.)...Influence of episodes of summer O3 on delta (5) and delta (9) fatty acids in autumnal lipids of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.)...
Current year needles from 5 yr-old Norway spruce trees, which had been exposed to either episodes of atmospheric O3, or periodic mistings with simulated acid rainwater throughout three summer periods, were-analyzed for changes in molar percentages and ratios of fatty acids isolated from different lipids at the time of maximum winter hardening. No significant changes due to acidic misting were detected but significant decreases in the degree of unsaturation off both C 16 and C18, fatty acids, the molar percentage of δ5,9,12,15, and the molar ratio δ5,918: 2 to δ9,1218:2 in monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) due to summer 03 exposures were found. Molar percentages and ratios of fatty acids did not change much in other lipids bur these changes in plastidie MGDG could be traced to a significant effect of summer O3 on the δ4- and δ12 -desaturases acting upon phosphatidyl choline (PC) in the endoplasmic reticulum. The replacement of the δ6-subset of C18 fatty acids by an equivalent δ5-series ...
The prospects of silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst) in mixed mountain forests under...The prospects of silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst) in mixed mountain forests under...
In the Dinaric Mountains, the future of silver fir and Norway spruce appears to be uncertain, especially given the threat of climate change to both species and browsing pressure on fir. Stand developm
Variation of modulus of elasticity in the tangential direction with moisture content and temperature for Norway Spruce Picea...Variation of modulus of elasticity in the tangential direction with moisture content and temperature for Norway Spruce Picea...
Variation of modulus of elasticity in the tangential direction with moisture content and temperature for Norway Spruce Picea abies. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Mutational analysis of white spruce (Picea glauca) ent-kaurene synthase (PgKS) reveals common and distinct mechanisms of...Mutational analysis of white spruce (Picea glauca) ent-kaurene synthase (PgKS) reveals common and distinct mechanisms of...
Conifer diterpene synthases (diTPSs) catalyze the multi-step cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate, or copalyl diphosphate, to a variety of diterpenes in general (i.e., primary) and specialized (i.e., secondary) metabolism. Despite their functional diversity, the known conifer diTPSs are structurally closely related, with variations in three conserved domains, α, β and γ. The catalytic specificity of conifer class I and class I/II diTPSs is predominantly determined by the protein environment of the C-terminal class I active site through stabilization of common and unique carbocation intermediates. Using the crystal structure of Taxus brevifolia taxadiene synthase as template, comparative modeling and mutagenesis of the class I diTPS ent-kaurene synthase from Picea glauca (PgKS) was performed to elucidate the catalytic specificity of PgKS relative to spruce diTPSs of specialized metabolism. N-terminal truncations demonstrated a role for the βγ domain in class I enzyme activity for PgKS,
Autovegetatívne rozmnožovanie smreka obyčajného (Picea abies L., Karst.) pochádzajúceho z rôznych imisných oblastíAutovegetatívne rozmnožovanie smreka obyčajného (Picea abies L., Karst.) pochádzajúceho z rôznych imisných oblastí
Knihu „Autovegetatívne rozmnožovanie smreka obyčajného (Picea abies L., Karst.) pochádzajúceho z rôznych imisných oblastí
LIP1 - Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) - LIP1 gene & proteinLIP1 - Lipoyl synthase, mitochondrial - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce) - LIP1 gene & protein
Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives.
CEF - Membres - NathalieIsabelCEF - Membres - NathalieIsabel
ABSTRACT = { We examined the amount and nature of variation revealed by cDNA-based sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) using 39 pairs of heterologous primers that were based upon arbitrary genes in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). A panel of 22 diverse Norway spruce genotypes was screened for variation that could be observed directly using standard agarose gel electrophoresis, without additional manipulation of amplification products. Examination of marker segregation among haploid megagametophytes revealed that nine markers behaved in a codominant manner, two markers had codominant length polymorphisms and null alleles, and four others had dominant length polymorphisms. DNA sequencing of codominant alleles at seven loci indicated that most insertions/deletions (indels) were in noncoding regions and that alleles often differed by the presence or absence of direct repeats that ranged in size from three to 23 bp. The nine markers that showed ...
Damage to Picea abies Regeneration After Final Cutting of Shelter...: Ingenta ConnectDamage to Picea abies Regeneration After Final Cutting of Shelter...: Ingenta Connect
Logging-related damage to forest regeneration is a problem during final cutting in the shelterwood system. In order to compare the effects of logging methods, damage to natural Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] regeneration caused by single- (SGH) and double-grip harvester (DGH) systems was studied in three shelterwoods (132-234 m3 ob ha-1) in Sweden. Between 38 and 65% of the original seedlings (6 400-25 400 ha-1) were dead, had disappeared or were damaged after the final cutting. Regarding the damaged seedlings, 6-25% were mildly, 17-27% moderately and 48-76% seriously damaged. There were no significant differences between the SGH and the DGH systems concerning the frequency, severity, type or cause of damage to the regeneration. The proportion of damaged seedlings increased with increasing stem volume of the shelterwoods. Hence, stem volume ha-1 might be more important than harvester system for the proportion of damaged seedlings. The main conclusion is that final cutting of shelterwood ...
Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses |...Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses |...
Studies on allele length polymorphism designate several glacial refugia for Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the South Carpathian Mountains, but infer only limited expansion from these refugia after the last glaciation. To better understand the genetic dynamics of a South Carpathian spruce lineage, we compared ancient DNA from 10,700 and 11,000-year-old spruce pollen and macrofossils retrieved from Holocene lake sediment in the Retezat Mountains with DNA extracted from extant material from the same site. We used eight primer pairs that amplified short and variable regions of the spruce cpDNA. In addition, from the same lake sediment we obtained a 15,000-years-long pollen accumulation rate (PAR) record for spruce that helped us to infer changes in population size at this site. We obtained successful amplifications for Norway spruce from 17 out of 462 pollen grains tested, while the macrofossil material provided 22 DNA sequences. Two fossil sequences were found to be unique to the ancient material.
Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses |...Population dynamics and genetic changes of Picea abies in the South Carpathians revealed by pollen and ancient DNA analyses |...
Studies on allele length polymorphism designate several glacial refugia for Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the South Carpathian Mountains, but infer only limited expansion from these refugia after the last glaciation. To better understand the genetic dynamics of a South Carpathian spruce lineage, we compared ancient DNA from 10,700 and 11,000-year-old spruce pollen and macrofossils retrieved from Holocene lake sediment in the Retezat Mountains with DNA extracted from extant material from the same site. We used eight primer pairs that amplified short and variable regions of the spruce cpDNA. In addition, from the same lake sediment we obtained a 15,000-years-long pollen accumulation rate (PAR) record for spruce that helped us to infer changes in population size at this site. We obtained successful amplifications for Norway spruce from 17 out of 462 pollen grains tested, while the macrofossil material provided 22 DNA sequences. Two fossil sequences were found to be unique to the ancient material.
Picea abies InversaPicea abies 'Inversa'
Drooping Norway spruce. Synonyms: Abies excelsa var. inversa Gordon, Pinetum, Suppl.: 4 (1862), Picea excelsa var. inversa (Gordon) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 335 (1867), Picea excelsa f. inversa (Gordon) Beissn., Handb. Nadelholzk.: 361 (1891), Pinus abies f. inversa (Gordon) Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 770 (1913), Picea abies var. inversa (Gordon) Nash, J. New York Bot. Gard. 18: 89 (1917), Picea abies f. inversa (Gordon) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 21 (1959)
Forests | Free Full-Text | Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea...Forests | Free Full-Text | Implementing Continuous Cover Forestry in Planted Forests: Experience with Sitka Spruce (Picea...
Planted forests of Sitka spruce, a non-native species from north-west America, are the major forest type in Great Britain and Ireland. Standard management involves even-aged stands, rotations of 40-50 years and a patch clear-felling system with artificial regeneration. However, forest policies support managing these forests for multifunctional objectives with increased diversity of species composition and stand structure. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is an alternative silvicultural approach used to provide such diversity, but the amount of CCF forest is under 10% of the forest area, and less in Sitka spruce forests; This paper reviews research carried out in the last two decades to support the implementation of CCF in Sitka spruce planted forests; Stand structures and microclimate favouring natural regeneration are understood. Harvesting systems have been adapted for use in CCF stands, a single-tree growth model has been calibrated, comparative costs and revenues have been determined, and
Biomass of Picea abiesBiomass of Picea abies
I am a student of environmental sciences at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. I am working on a small project on sustainable use of the Norway spruce (Picea abies=Picea excelsa) for the production of firewood. To estimate the available wood in a stand I am lookin for a biomass table or a formula like y=b0 + b1*dbh^2 where y is the biomass of the tree and dbh is the diameter at breast height. I could find the information for Picea engelmanii but not for Picea abies. Thanks in advance Mathias Tobler ...
Genetic variation and relationships to growth traits for microfibril angle, wood density and modulus of elasticity in a Picea...Genetic variation and relationships to growth traits for microfibril angle, wood density and modulus of elasticity in a Picea...
Genetic variation in wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), wood stiffness (MOE), height, diameter and volume was investigated in a 26-year-old Norway spruce [(Picea abies (L.) Karst.] clonal trial in southern Sweden. Wood quality measurements were performed on 10 mm increment cores using SilviScan. For MFA, mean values of annual rings showed the highest value (30°) at ring 2 counting from the pith, followed by a steep decrease and a gradual stabilization around ring 12 at approximately 14°. MOE showed a monotonic increase from 5 GPa to 14 GPa when moving from pith to bark. High broad-sense heritability values were found for wood density (0.48), MFA (0.41) and MOE (0.50). All growth traits displayed heritability values of similar magnitudes as reported in earlier studies. The generally high age-age correlations between different sections of the wood cores suggested that early selection for wood quality traits would be successful. Owing to unfavorable genetic correlations between volume and ...
Optimal Management of Norway Spruce With Carbon Sequestration - AgEcon SearchOptimal Management of Norway Spruce With Carbon Sequestration - AgEcon Search
In this study a process-based growth model for even-aged Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) is coupled with economics and optimization to analyze optimal management and cost of carbon sequestration. We extend earlier literature by including detailed timber quality features and optimized thinning. Our results show that tree diameter has a major role in defining the optimal timing of harvests especially with higher interest rates. Optimal management with carbon sequestration mainly postpones thinnings, lengthens rotations, and increases sawlog yield. Economic cost of carbon storage is presented for two different sites and two different interest rates. These costs are compared to CO2 abatement costs in other sectors on a national level. This study suggests it would be economically optimal to use carbon sequestration in order to fulfil national commitment to the EU, i.e. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Niinimäki, S.; Tahvonen, O.; Mäkelä, O.; Linkosalo, T.
Picea sitchensis - WikipediaPicea sitchensis - Wikipedia
The bark is thin and scaly, flaking off in small, circular plates 5-20 cm (2.0-7.9 in) across. The crown is broad conic in young trees, becoming cylindric in older trees; old trees may not have branches lower than 30-40 m (98-131 ft). The shoots are very pale buff-brown, almost white, and glabrous (hairless), but with prominent pulvini. The leaves are stiff, sharp, and needle-like, 15-25 mm long, flattened in cross-section, dark glaucous blue-green above with two or three thin lines of stomata, and blue-white below with two dense bands of stomata. The cones are pendulous, slender cylindrical, 6-10 cm (2.4-3.9 in) long [5] and 2 cm broad when closed, opening to 3 cm broad. They have thin, flexible scales 15-20 mm long; the bracts just above the scales are the longest of any spruce, occasionally just exserted and visible on the closed cones. They are green or reddish, maturing pale brown 5-7 months after pollination. The seeds are black, 3 mm long, with a slender, 7-9 mm long pale brown wing. ...
Picea sitchensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - view up trunkPicea sitchensis (Pinaceae) - whole tree - view up trunk
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds., 1993. Flora of North America North of Mexico. Flora of North America Association, New York, NY, US and Oxford, UK ...
Effects of liming on forest soil algal communities - Kostinov I.Effects of liming on forest soil algal communities - Kostinov I.
en] The effects of the application of dolomite lime (5 t ha-1) on soil algal communities were investigated in sessile oak (Quercus petraea (MATT.) LIEB.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) KARST.) plots situated in the Belgian Ardenne. Chlorophyta (60 taxa) were by far the most diverse group, followed by Xanthophyceae (10 taxa), Bacillariophyceae (3 taxa), Cyanophyceae (2 taxa) and Euglenophyceae (1 taxon). In both forest types, liming lead to a significant increase in soil pH, exchangeable magnesium and calcium. In the limed Quercus plots available phosphorus and soil solution nitrate concentrations were also increased. The soil algal diversity was similar in oak and spruce control plots and in limed spruce plots. However, in the limed oak plots a significantly higher algal diversity was observed. On the basis of a CCA analysis, three clusters of plots could be distinguished: a) Picea control plots, b) limed Picea and control Quercus plots, c) limed Quercus plots. Both soil pH and nutrient ...
SEM of spruce needle stomata - Stock Image B745/0399 - Science Photo LibrarySEM of spruce needle stomata - Stock Image B745/0399 - Science Photo Library
Spruce needle stomata. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of two stomata (pores) on the surface of a needle of a sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). The stomata are in sunken pits. Each stoma can be opened and closed by the two guard cells (light green) on either side of it. This allows the exchange of gases between the plant and the air to be controlled. The sunken stomata and the layer of wax (pale green) covering the surface of the needle minimise water loss from the tree. This conifer is native to North America, being most common in the north-west. Magnification: x670 at 6x7cm size. - Stock Image B745/0399
Induced changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by culture filtrate of Ascocalyx...Induced changes in phenolic acids and stilbenes in embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by culture filtrate of Ascocalyx...
Abstract: The aim of this work was to identify whether the Ascocalyx abietina culture filtrate has the ability to induce changes in the contents of phenolic substances that might be indicative for the disease response of Norway spruce (Picea abies). We focused on the accumulation of soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics, stilbenes as well as extracellular peroxidase activities elicited in the embryogenic cell cultures of Norway spruce by A. abietina culture filtrate. Treatment of spruce cells with fungal culture filtrate (5 and 20% v/v concentrations) evoked an increase in the total contents of phenolic acids (represented by the sum of free, methanol soluble ester- and glycoside- bound phenolics and methanol insoluble cell-wall bound phenolic esters). The challenge with filtrate was in particular manifested in the increase (compared with the control) in the contents of cell wall-bound phenolic acids (by about 100 and 130% in 5 and 20% filtrate, respectively) and soluble phenolic glycosides (by ...
COSTEL MOLDOVEANU, VIOLETA VASILACHE, IOAN-MARIAN RISCA Biological Effects of Some New Imidazole Derivatives on Spruce (Picea...COSTEL MOLDOVEANU, VIOLETA VASILACHE, IOAN-MARIAN RISCA Biological Effects of Some New Imidazole Derivatives on Spruce (Picea...
- COSTEL MOLDOVEANU, VIOLETA VASILACHE, IOAN-MARIAN RISCA Biological Effects of Some New Imidazole Derivatives on Spruce (Picea Abies) Germination
Chemical and transcriptional responses of Norway spruce genotypes with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp....Chemical and transcriptional responses of Norway spruce genotypes with different susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp....
This study aimed to find associations between lower susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. in Norway spruce and changes in the transcriptome and chemical profiles among host genotypes challenged with the fungus. We used unique clone material derived from fully-grown Norway spruce trees with either high or low susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. as measured in a field trial [7]. We selected four genotypes at a site in central Sweden, two highly susceptible and two with lower susceptibility for these comparisons. It is well established that in the interaction between Heterobasidion spp. and conifers, lesion length correlates to the fungal extension but not to the host resistance measured as sapwood growth or rot extension in the wood [6, 8, 38]. Consequently one cannot expect a lesion extension proportional to the fungal extension under field conditions. Although, we could not detect any significant differences in lesion length between genotypes at 44 dpi, we found significantly longer lesions in ...
PlantFiles Pictures: Alberta Spruce, Black Hills Spruce, White Spruce, Canadian Spruce (Picea glauca) by EquilibriumPlantFiles Pictures: Alberta Spruce, Black Hills Spruce, White Spruce, Canadian Spruce (Picea glauca) by Equilibrium
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Association genetics of acetophenone defence against spruce budworm in mature white spruce | BMC Plant Biology | Full TextAssociation genetics of acetophenone defence against spruce budworm in mature white spruce | BMC Plant Biology | Full Text
Outbreaks of spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) cause major recurrent damage in boreal conifers such as white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and large losses of forest biomass in North America. Although defensive phenolic compounds have recently been linked to chemical resistance against SBW, their genetic basis remains poorly understood in forest trees, especially in conifers. Here, we used diverse association genetics approaches to discover genes and their variants that may control the accumulation of acetophenones, and dissect the genetic architecture of these defence compounds against SBW in white spruce mature trees. Out of 4747 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 2312 genes genotyped in a population of 211 unrelated individuals, genetic association analyses identified 35 SNPs in 33 different genes that were significantly associated with the defence traits by using single-locus, multi-locus and multi-trait approaches. The multi-locus approach was particularly
Plant agent for controlling of freshwater molluskPlant agent for controlling of freshwater mollusk
The invention relates to agriculture, comes to herbal remedies for the destruction of shellfish - intermediate hosts of the pathogen trematodozov animals and fish and can be used in the system protivopostavleny activities for desinvasion pastures and destruction of freshwater mollusc intermediate hosts of Fasciola ordinary.. The number of known synthetic molluscicides and vegetable origin, differing in structure and mechanisms of action.. From herbal preparations studied molluscicide properties of drugs of oak Quercus robur L./1/, Norway spruce Picea abies L./2/, bergenia tolstolistnogo Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch/3/. Known herbal medicines are effective against the mollusc Lymnaea goupili, L.subangulata, L.truncatula, L.ovata, L.peregra, L.stagnalis, L.palustus, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus and L. auricularia, are environmentally "clean" and low and very slightly toxic to relatively mammals, fish, amphibians, aquatic organisms and vegetation.. With the aim of expanding ...
Some causes of formation of colour during storage of hydrogen-peroxide bleached Norway spruce mechanical pulpSome causes of formation of colour during storage of hydrogen-peroxide bleached Norway spruce mechanical pulp
The objective of this thesis is to determine possible causes of the darkening of hydrogen peroxide bleached mechanical pulp over the visible spectrum and their relative contributions. It focuses on both process conditions and the composition of the pulp and the dilution water, including additions or losses of material along the process line from the bleach tower to the paper machine.. A mapping of the optical properties of the pulp along the process showed that the fine fraction of the pulp darkened more than the long fibre fraction. Simulation of retention times of different fractions showed that the main part of the fine material is retained in the paper within a few hours, a small part might circulate for considerably longer time and may therefore be strongly coloured.. Storage trials were mainly performed using a hydrogen peroxide bleached mechanical pulp intended for SC paper made of Norway spruce (Picea abies), sampled on one occasion and stored in a freezer. Unwashed or well-washed pulp ...
Nitrogen availability beneath pure spruce and mixed larch+spruce stands growing on a deep peat | SpringerLinkNitrogen availability beneath pure spruce and mixed larch+spruce stands growing on a deep peat | SpringerLink
The growth and N status of Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis) are enhanced in the presence of larch ( Larixspp.) on deep peat sites where available N levels are low. Field and laboratory incubations...
On sources of variation in expression of phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) : PEPC...On sources of variation in expression of phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) : PEPC...
For gene-enzyme systems in forest trees it is unclear how much structural genetic diversity as compared to diversity of the genetic background contributes to phenotypic variability. The gene-enzyme-system of PEPC-A, phosphoenolpyruvate-carboxylase (PEPCase, EC 4.1.1.3 I), of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was chosen as an example to investigate the relative importance of the following sources of phenotypic variation in enzyme activity: (1) Variation at the structural PEPC-A-locus with three genotypes, (2) Variation in the genetic background, (3) Variation in growth temperature. The amount, specific activity and catalytic efficiency of PEPCase in crude needle extracts were assessed as quantitative traits. According to our ANOVA results, variation in the genetic background, i.e. epistasis in the general sense, is the most important source of variation compared to variation at the levels of both PEPC-A-genotype or growth temperature. Moreover, evaluation of the kinship partition of the ...
Response of Lutz, Sitka, and white spruce to attack by Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and blue stain fungi |...Response of Lutz, Sitka, and white spruce to attack by Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and blue stain fungi |...
Mechanical wounding and wounding plus inoculation with a blue-stain fungus, Leptographium abietinum (Peck), associated with the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), caused an induced reaction zone or lesion around the wound sites in Lutz spruce, Picea lutzii Little, Sitka spruce, P. sitchensis (Bong.) Carr., and white spruce, P. glauca (Moench) Voss, in
Isolation, characterization, inheritance and linkage of microsatellite DNA markers in white spruce (Picea glauca) and their...Isolation, characterization, inheritance and linkage of microsatellite DNA markers in white spruce (Picea glauca) and their...
The Canadian Forest Service promotes the sustainable development of Canadas forests and the competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector
White Lotus Aromatics Blog: White Spruce(Picea glauca) AbsoluteWhite Lotus Aromatics Blog: White Spruce(Picea glauca) Absolute
Since childhood I have been interested in the world of natural aromatics. This interest gradually developed into our home business White Lotus Aromatics. Keypoints along this aromatic journey were: 1) living on a small farm in India where many tropical fragrant plants were to be found 2) a career in horticulture, highlighted by working on a formal garden estate, Filoli 3) many journeys throughout the length and breadth of India to explore Indias ancient and modern aromatic traditions. Please note that I have an interest in the wonderful world of natural aromatics, but have no therapeutic expertise. Any mention of ayurveda or other traditional healing systems in strictly for cultural interest ...
Dwarf Norway Spruce Bonsai Tree For Sale (picea abies pygmaea)Dwarf Norway Spruce Bonsai Tree For Sale (picea abies 'pygmaea')
Purchase this Dwarf Norway Spruce Bonsai Tree For Sale (picea abies pygmaea) for sale online. Item will be shipped to you within the week.
Picea breweriana - WikipediaPicea breweriana - Wikipedia
Picea breweriana, known as Brewer spruce,[2][3] Brewers weeping spruce, or weeping spruce, is a species of spruce native to western North America, where it is one of the rarest on the continent, endemic to the Klamath Mountains of southwest Oregon and northwest California. The specific epithet breweriana is in honor of the American botanist William Henry Brewer.[4][5] DNA analyses[6][7] have shown that Picea breweriana has a basal position in the Picea clade,[6] suggesting that Picea originated in North America. It grows at moderately high altitudes, from 1000-2700 m.[8][9][10][11][12] It is a large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 20-40 m tall, exceptionally 54 m, and with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 m. The bark is thin and scaly, and purple-gray in color. The crown is very distinct, distinguished by level branches with vertically pendulous branchlets, each branch forming a curtain of foliage. The pendulous foliage only develops when the tree grows to about 1.5-2 m tall; young trees ...
Picea abies MaxwelliiPicea abies 'Maxwellii'
Maxwell Norway spruce. Synonyms: Picea excelsa var. Maxwellii, Maxwell, Cat. 1873: ? (1873), Abies excelsa var. Maxwelii, (Maxwell) auct., Garden (London 1871-1927) 5: 231 (1874), Picea abies f. maxwellii, (Maxwell) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 23 (1949). Selection: 1860 by Thompson C. Maxwell (1822-1908), T.C. Maxwell & Brothers Nursery in Geneva, United States. Publication: T.C. Maxwell & Brothers Nursery Catalog (1873)
Chemical defence in Norway spruceChemical defence in Norway spruce
Norway spruce (Picea abies) responds to stress by biosynthesis of chemical substances, which can deter invading insects or pathogens. Some of these substances are volatile and can be emitted to the surroundings while others are accumulated within the tree. Information about the susceptibility of individual plants to infestation, their volatile emissions and chemical defence is of interest, for example, in selecting plants for tree breeding programs.. The first part of this research focused on volatiles emitted by Norway spruce plants. Collection of headspace volatiles by SPME and subsequent separation and identification with GC-MS was used to investigate Norway spruce plants of different ages and stress conditions as well as trapping semiochemicals like nepetalactone emitted by the spruce shoot aphids. It was even possible to analyse the emission of single needles in vivo and obtain spatial localisation of the stress reaction to methyl jasmonate or spruce spinning mites. Seedlings of different ...
Picea glauca LimmonyPicea glauca 'Limmony'
A golden-yellow spruce that was found growing in the wild by Mike & Cheryl Davison. It grows in a pyramid shape with a growth rate slightly slower than the species.
Frontiers | Testing Projected Climate Change Conditions on the Endoconidiophora polonica / Norway spruce Pathosystem Shows...Frontiers | Testing Projected Climate Change Conditions on the Endoconidiophora polonica / Norway spruce Pathosystem Shows...
Climate changes, exemplified by increased temperatures and CO2 concentration, pose a global threat to forest health. Of particular concern are pests and pathogens, with a warming climate altering their distributions and evolutionary capacity, while impairing the ability of some plants to respond to infections. Progress in understanding and mitigating such effects is currently hindered by a lack of empirical research. Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the most economically important tree species in northern Europe, and is considered highly vulnerable to changes in climate. It is commonly infected by the fungus Endoconidiophora polonica, and we hypothesized that damage caused to trees will increase under future climate change predictions. To test this hypothesis an in vivo greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a changed growing environment on E. polonica infected Norway spruce seedlings, comparing ambient conditions to predicted temperatures and CO2 levels in Finland for the
CEF - Membres - JeanBousquetCEF - Membres - JeanBousquet
ABSTRACT = { Understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation is challenging due to the subtle balance among conflicting evolutionary forces that are involved in its establishment and maintenance. One system with which to tease apart these difficulties is clines in adaptive characters. Here we analyzed genetic and phenotypic variation in bud set, a highly heritable and adaptive trait, among 18 populations of Norway spruce (Picea abies), arrayed along a latitudinal gradient ranging from 47 N to 68 N. We confirmed that variation in bud set is strongly clinal, using a subset of five populations. Genotypes for 137 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) chosen from 18 candidate genes putatively affecting bud set and 308 control SNPs chosen from 264 random genes were analyzed for patterns of genetic structure and correlation to environment. Population genetic structure was low (FST = 0.05), but latitudinal patterns were apparent among Scandinavian populations. Hence, part of the observed clinal ...
Single-Step BLUP with Varying Genotyping Effort in Open-Pollinated Picea glauca | G3: Genes | Genomes | GeneticsSingle-Step BLUP with Varying Genotyping Effort in Open-Pollinated Picea glauca | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
The investigation of genetic architecture in forest trees requires the establishment of large scale testing populations with predefined mating design. The results quality (i.e., accuracy and precision of genetic parameters) are often a reflection of the extent of efforts invested into the design of the field experiment. Commonly, quantitative genetics analyses are based on the animal model implemented in mixed model theory (Henderson 1984). Such analyses are based on the average numerator relationship matrix tracking probability of identity by descent (A matrix). The mixed model theory operates with the assumption that variance-covariance matrices of random terms used in the animal model are error free (Henderson 1984). The average numerator relationship matrix cannot fulfill this assumption as it is based on the pairwise expected relationship values and does not account for the Mendelian sampling term. Moreover, the contemporary shallow pedigrees of many forest tree breeding programs are ...
Experiments and field campaigns 2019 vol. 1Experiments and field campaigns 2019 vol. 1
We organized a measurement campaign at the Viikki greenhouse yard by measuring the seedlings that had been planted there a couple of years back. The campaign was one big learning process for the most of us: I still remember the excitement combined with nervousness when I carried the greenhouse gas analyzer to the yard for the first time.. Studying trace gases turned out to be rather challenging in the beginning, since one reckless breath could ruin the whole measurement! Nevertheless, our team and the newcomers learned everything incredibly fast obtaining great results.. So, we had a bunch of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) and Norways spruces (Picea abies) with manual shoot chambers attached to their apical shoots. Our beloved UGGA (= Ultra-portable greenhouse gas analyzer) performed well providing us with CH4, CO2 and H2O flux measurements during the spring from April until the beginning of May.. At first we were happy with measuring the seedlings only 2-3 times per day twice week, but the ...
Storage of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleached Mechanical Pulp : Reduction in Reflectance over the Visible SpectrumStorage of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleached Mechanical Pulp : Reduction in Reflectance over the Visible Spectrum
The objective of this thesis is to determine possible causes of the darkening of hydrogen peroxide bleached mechanical pulp over the visible spectrum and their relative contributions. It focuses on both process conditions and the composition of the pulp and the dilution water, including additions or losses of material along the process line from the bleach tower to the paper machine.. A mapping of the optical properties of the pulp along the process showed that the fine fraction of the pulp darkened more than the long fibre fraction. Simulation of retention times of different fractions showed that the main part of the fine material is retained in the paper within a few hours, a small part might circulate for considerably longer time and may therefore be strongly coloured.. Storage trials were mainly performed using a hydrogen peroxide bleached mechanical pulp intended for SC paper made of Norway spruce (Picea abies), sampled on one occasion and stored in a freezer. Unwashed or well-washed pulp ...
Purple Cones | Nature WomanPurple Cones | Nature Woman
I kept seeing these beautiful purple cones through the back window of my garage, and this morning I captured them for you: Norway Spruce (Picea abies) cones. Arent they beautiful?
Spruce Trees<...Spruce Trees<...
Shop the best online selection of Spruce Trees on sale in several types including Blue, Norway & White Spruce. Buy today & save up to 50%!
Forestry Commission - Picture Library ImageForestry Commission - Picture Library Image
Reference: 51214. PICEA SITCHENSIS. Different Sitka spruce plant sizes. 2+0 seedlings; 2+1 transplant; 2+2 transplant and C 1/2 + 1 1/2 cutting. Location: Northern Research Station, Midlothian, Scotland ...
Picea rubens (Insect Feeders)Picea rubens (Insect Feeders)
Adelgidae: Adelges laricis [primary host plant, forms cone-like galls on shoots] BE2013, Pineus floccus [alternates between Pinus strobus & Picea spp.; this adelgid feeds on needles of White Pine, and forms galls on twigs of spruces; found in NE USA, including New York & Virginia] BE2013, Pineus pinifoliae (Pine Leaf Adelgid) [alternates between Pinus strobus & Picea spp.; this adelgid feeds on needles of White Pine, and forms galls on twigs of spruces; found in NE USA, including Maine & New York] BE2013, Pineus similis (Ragged Spruce Gall Adelgid) [forms loose galls on spruce at tips of young shoots, causing the needles to turn pale brown; found in NE USA, including Massachusetts & New Jersey] BE2013; Aphididae: Prociphilus piceaerubensis [found on roots of Red Spruce in North Carolina] BE2013; Cercopidae: Aphrophora parallela (Spruce Spittlebug) [preferred host plant of adults; found in Canada to Appalachian Mountains & South Carolina] Hm1982; Diaspididae: Chionaspis pinifoliae (Pine Needle ...
Garden Guides | Black Hills Spruce DiseasesGarden Guides | Black Hills Spruce Diseases
The Black Hills spruce (Picea glauca) is a variety of white spruce native to South Dakota. The Black Hills spruce is a large tree, with one specimen in North Dakota that stands at a height of 95 feet with a 42 foot spread. Generally grown as an ornamental tree, the Black Hills spruce also serves as a windbreak or ...
Picea abies Acrocona - Plant FinderPicea abies 'Acrocona' - Plant Finder
Picea abies, commonly called Norway spruce, is a large pyramidal evergreen conifer that is native to the mountains of northern and central Europe east to the Urals. In its native European habitat, it typically matures to 100-150 (occasionally to 200) tall. It has been widely planted in cool and temperate regions of North American where it typically matures to a much shorter 40-60 (less frequently to 100) tall. It is noted for its rapid growth. Primary branches are slightly upturned but secondary branches become pendulous as the tree matures. Branches are clad with spirally-arranged, four-sided, needle-like, deep green leaves which are attached at their bases to tiny pegs. Cylindrical seed bearing cones (to 9" long) are pendulous. In excess of 150 cultivars (mostly dwarf) have been named over the years. Cultivars can be very difficult to distinguish ...
Odors of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings : differences due to age and chemotype and their relevance for weevil resistanceOdors of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings : differences due to age and chemotype and their relevance for weevil resistance
Pine weevils cause major damage to newly planted conifer seedlings in reforestation areas. However, recent findings indicate that small ("mini") seedlings, planted at the age of 7-10 weeks, are gnawed less by pine weevils than the larger, conventionally planted seedlings. Thus, it has been proposed that planting young conifer seedlings in clear-cut areas may reduce the damage caused by pine weevils. In attempts to determine why mini seedlings appear to be less damaged by pine weevils than "conventional" seedlings, the volatiles released by Norway spruce and Scots pine mini seedlings were investigated, since such chemicals are of great importance in herbivore-plant communication, inter alia acting as repellents, attractants or antifeedants.. Volatiles from the seedlings were collected, separated and identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.. The results show that there are high levels of chemodiversity among both spruce and pine seedlings. ...
Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea...Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea...
BACKGROUND: Several members of the R2R3-MYB family of transcription factors act as regulators of lignin and phenylpropanoid metabolism during wood formation in angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. The angiosperm Arabidopsis has over one hundred R2R3-MYBs genes; however, only a few members of this family have been discovered in gymnosperms. RESULTS: We isolated and characterised full-length cDNAs encoding R2R3-MYB genes from the gymnosperms white spruce, Picea glauca (13 sequences), and loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. (five sequences). Sequence similarities and phylogenetic analyses placed the spruce and pine sequences in diverse subgroups of the large R2R3-MYB family, although several of the sequences clustered closely together. We searched the highly variable C-terminal region of diverse plant MYBs for conserved amino acid sequences and identified 20 motifs in the spruce MYBs, nine of which have not previously been reported and three of which are specific to conifers. The number and length of the ...
White Pine Weevil | EarthwiseincWhite Pine Weevil | Earthwiseinc
White pine weevil feeds underneath the bark of the top leader of both Blue Spruce and Engelmann Spruce trees, girdling and killing the top most growth. This damage results in a bushy, deformed tree that is aesthetically undesirable. White pine weevil can be treated with a spring spray or a fall soil injection.. PHOTO (middle) accredited to: W.M. Ciesla, Forest Health Mgmt. Int., www.Bugwood.org. PHOTO (right) accredited to: S. Katovich, USDA Forest Service, www.Bugwood.org. ...
Hemicelluloses from stone pine, holm oak, and Norway spruce with subcritical water extraction − comparative study with...Hemicelluloses from stone pine, holm oak, and Norway spruce with subcritical water extraction − comparative study with...
Extraction of hemicelluloses with subcritical water is an efficient and environmentally benign way of fractionating biomass, including lignocelluloses. The composition and extraction behavior of hemicelluloses from wood depends significantly on the species, which affects the obtained product and the requirements of the extraction process. The current work focuses on the extraction of hemicelluloses from three chemically and structurally different, interesting and economically important tree species namely stone pine (Pinus pinea), holm oak (Quercus ilex), and Norway spruce (Picea abies), for which the literature on holm oak and stone pine hemicelluloses is almost non-existent. The work was performed with identical experimental methods, to obtain completely comparable results. The effect of temperature, raw material and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction kinetics, pH and molar mass, was studied. The results revealed significant differences in the extraction behavior and composition of the ...
Forests | Free Full-Text | Variation in Trembling Aspen and White Spruce Wood Quality Grown in Mixed and Single Species Stands...Forests | Free Full-Text | Variation in Trembling Aspen and White Spruce Wood Quality Grown in Mixed and Single Species Stands...
The Canadian boreal forest is largely represented by mixed wood forests of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx). In this study, a total of 300 trees originating from three sites composed of trembling aspen and white spruce with varying compositions were investigated for wood quality traits: one site was composed mainly of aspen, one mainly of spruce and a third was a mixed site. Four wood quality traits were examined: wood density, microfibril angle (MFA), fibre characteristics, and cell wall chemistry. Social classes were also determined for each site in an attempt to provide a more in-depth comparison. Wood density showed little variation among sites for both species, with only significant differences occurring between social classes. The aspen site showed statistically lower MFAs than the aspen from the mixed site, however, no differences were observed when comparing spruce. Fibre characteristics were higher in the pure species sites for both
What does picea engelmannii mean?What does picea engelmannii mean?
Definition of picea engelmannii in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of picea engelmannii. What does picea engelmannii mean? Information and translations of picea engelmannii in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Host specialization of IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum to Scots pine, Norway spruce and common fir in field...Host specialization of IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum to Scots pine, Norway spruce and common fir in field...
00, vol. 47: Antoni Werner, Piotr Łakomy Host specialization of IS-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum to Scots pine, Norway spruce and common fir in field…
Plants of Belarus. Pinaceae Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Daisys WhitePlants of Belarus. Pinaceae Picea glauca (Moench) Voss Daisys White
Plants of Belarus website contains information about the plants that grow and are cultivated in the Republic of Belarus. More than 500 pictures. References.
Screening of selected food and medicinal plant extracts for pancreatic lipase inhibition | Semantic ScholarScreening of selected food and medicinal plant extracts for pancreatic lipase inhibition | Semantic Scholar
Lipids are important components in human nutrition; however, their increased intake contributes to the development of obesity and can lead to multiple long‐term complications. Pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) is a key enzyme for the absorption of dietary triglycerides. Interference with fat hydrolysis results in the reduced utilization of ingested lipids, therefore inhibition of lipases decreases fat absorption. Extracts from 106 species of medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits were screened for potential lipase inhibitory activity. p‐Nitrophenylpalmitate and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indoxylpalmitate were used as substrates in an in vitro test with crude porcine pancreatic lipase. Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi), garden pea (Pisum sativum), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and large‐leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos) extracts were the most active. Additionally, the activity of selected extracts with removed polyphenols was measured. Extracts of bearberry, garden
White Pine Weevil | VCE Publications | Virginia TechWhite Pine Weevil | VCE Publications | Virginia Tech
The white pine weevil (WPW) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Pissodes strobi (Peck)) is found throughout Virginia. Its preferred hosts are eastern white pine and Norway spruce, but it can attack Scotch and other pines as well.
About Black Spruce Essential Oil | The School of Aromatic StudiesAbout Black Spruce Essential Oil | The School of Aromatic Studies
Black spruce is in the Pinaceae family which includes the Pines and Firs as well as Cedarwood (Cedrus atlantica). Black spruce resin was used as a chewing gum; wound healing agent; tea against sore throat; salve greased on the chest against bronchial diseases while Black spruce needles were used in tea against cough; stomach disease because of tobacco abuse. The cones were also used in tea against cold and cough (Deeg, et al. 2012).. The essential oil is distilled from the needles. The essential oil is rich in the ester, bornyl acetate, and supported by monoterpenes (camphene and a-pinene).. ...
Wood Anatomical Studies of Cloned Spruce Trees Fumigated With Sulphur Dioxide » Brill OnlineWood Anatomical Studies of Cloned Spruce Trees Fumigated With Sulphur Dioxide » Brill Online
The wood anatomy was studied of 180 young spruce trees of 30 clones fumigated with SO2. The resulting data were assessed using rank correlation statistics, factor analysis and analysis of variance. In the year before fumigation none of the measured characteristics showed any correlation with the degree by which clones were damaged after fumigation. Genetic effects were assessed to be responsible for 65% of latewood width variation prior to fumigation. In the treatment year as well as in the subsequent year there was a correlation between some of the characteristics measured and the degree of damage, and in the same period genetic influences accounted for only 10% of latewood width variation. Two years after fumigation no correlations between the measured wood anatomical characteristics and the degree of damage could be detected.
Local population structure of white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]) in interior and Sitka spruce stands in British...Local population structure of white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi [Peck]) in interior and Sitka spruce stands in British...
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Cloning and expression of a CYP720B orthologue involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Pinus brutia | AVESİSCloning and expression of a CYP720B orthologue involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Pinus brutia | AVESİS
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases mediate a broad range of oxidative reactions involved in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites in plants. Until now, only two P450 genes, CYP720B1 from Pinus taeda and CYP720B4 from Picea sitchensis, have been functionally characterised and described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to describe the cloning and expression of CYP720B from Pinus brutia due to its suggested role in the synthesis of bioactive compounds used for chemical defence against insects. A PCR product of the P. brutia CYP720B gene was cloned into the pCR8/GW/TOPO cloning vector. After optimising the sequence for codon usage in yeast, it was transferred into the inducible expression vector pYES-DEST52 and transfected into the S. cerevisiae INVSc1 strain. Sequence analysis showed that the P. brutia CYP720B gene contains an open reading frame of 1,464 nucleotides, which encodes a 53,570 Da putative protein of 487 amino acid residues. The putative protein contains ...
Epiphytes Provide High-Up Base for Biodiversity | Save the Redwoods LeagueEpiphytes Provide High-Up Base for Biodiversity | Save the Redwoods League
William Ellyson and Stephen Sillett found evidence that demonstrates that epiphytes-plants that use other plants for mechanical support-play a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity of redwood forest canopies. Its well known that these hangers-on thrive in the old-growth Douglas-fir forests of Oregon and Washington, in places amassing the weight of two concert grand pianos per acre. Ellyson and Sillett reveal in this study that Douglas-fir has a rival in Sitka spruce, a tree that grows in and among northern coast redwood forests and supports a shockingly high diversity of epiphytes. The researchers suspended themselves from ropes high up in the forest canopy to identify and count epiphytes on Sitka spruce trees in the old-growth redwood forest of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. At the end of a survey of five spruce trees, they had tallied 91 species and weighed an average of 60kg (161 lbs) of live epiphytes and 131kg (289 lbs) of dead organic matter per tree. Though they found lichens, ...
The Spruce Beetle - FIDLThe Spruce Beetle - FIDL
The spruce beetle,Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), is the most significant natural mortality agent of mature spruce. Outbreaks of this beetle have caused extensive spruce mortality from Alaska to Arizona and have occurred in every forest with substantial spruce stands. Spruce beetle damage results in the loss of 333 to 500 million board feet of spruce saw timber annually. More than 2.3 million acres of spruce forests have been infested in Alaska in the last 7 seven years with an estimated 30 million trees killed per year at the peak of the outbreak. In the 1990s, spruce beetle outbreaks in Utah infested more than 122,000 acres and killed more than 3,000,000 spruce trees. In the past 25 years, outbreaks have resulted in estimated losses of more than 25 million board feet in Montana, 31 million in Idaho, over 100 million in Arizona, 2 billion in Alaska, and 3 billion in British Columbia
Black Spruce Hydrosol | West Coast Institute of AromatherapyBlack Spruce Hydrosol | West Coast Institute of Aromatherapy
Black Spruce Hydrosol or Black Spruce Hydrolat which is the correct term? The French use the word hydrolat, while the English use the word hydrosol.
Oregons largest treeOregon's largest tree
From The Sunday Oregonian, March 19, 2000, p B8 GREEN GIANT TOPS HIERARCHY OF TREES A Sitka spruce, the largest tree in Oregon, attracts visitors to a Clatsop County park just off U.S. 26 By JEFF BARNARD, The Associated Press Seaside - Tour buses stop by it, a greeting card once featured it, and a retired Salem barber reveres it. But look on most maps or ask most people what the Klootchy Creek Giant is, and you are likely to come up empty. Is it like the Loch Ness Monster? asked Doug Heiken of the Oregon Natural Resources Council, an environmental group dedicated to protecting old-growth forests from logging. For the record, the Klootchy Creek Giant - also known as the Seaside Spruce - is a Sitka spruce that stands 206 feet tall, measures 56 feet in circumference at breast height and has a crown that spreads 93 feet. That makes it the biggest tree in Oregon and a contender for the title of biggest Sitka spruce in the country, under a formula used by the American Forestry Association. Unlike ...
Comparison of Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) Catches Between Treated Trap Logs and Pheromone TrapsComparison of Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus) Catches Between Treated Trap Logs and Pheromone Traps
The numbers of Ips typographus beetles captured in treated tripod trap logs (tripods) were compared to catches from Theysohn phero-mone traps (TPTs). In 2010, at each of the three localities, five TPTs and five tripods baited with...
White spruce | The Morton ArboretumWhite spruce | The Morton Arboretum
White spruce is a large, pyramidal evergreen with aromatic foliage and uniform habit. This popular garden conifer is native to Canada and the northwestern United States. When sited properly white spruce can be a long-lived attractive addition to any landscape.
Resistance of white spruce to white pine weevil: development of a resistance index | Canadian Forest Service Publications |...Resistance of white spruce to white pine weevil: development of a resistance index | Canadian Forest Service Publications |...
The Canadian Forest Service promotes the sustainable development of Canadas forests and the competitiveness of the Canadian forest sector
aromatherapyaromatherapy
Spruce essential oil has many properties and uses, but is primarily used to aid the respiratory system during coughs, colds, asthma issues and other breathing conditions. However, it is also used topically to sooth muscular aches and pains. Recent studies of its micro components have produced results that may indicate that spruce essential oil has anticancer properties - but, further research needs to be done. And of course, let us not forget its use in aromatherapy for its calming and elevating scent!. Spruce Essential Oil. Background:. Many wise men have said that nature is our classroom: after all, natural spaces are filled with information and organic wisdom. With nature all around us, we can reconnect with the world that is the foundation of all knowledge and learn all about what nature has to offer. One such valuable knowledge aquisition is an understanding of spruce essential oil and its many benefits. Spruce needles come from the Spruce tree, which is a member of the genus Picea - a ...
About Aroma Acupoint Therapy TMAbout Aroma Acupoint Therapy TM
Conversely, because each acupoint has more than one action, there a several oils that could potentially be used with it, as the situation would demand it. An important acupoint such as CV-17 at the center of the chest can be oiled with a nervous sedative oil such as Marjoram (Origanum maiorana) or Helichrysum (Helichrysum angustifolium), as this point has a good calming effect on the whole system. It is often used in states of acute anxiety and agitation, especially when there is an emotional component present. Equally however, CV-17 can be oiled with respiratory restoratives and stimulants such as Siberian fir (Abies sibirica) and Black spruce (Picea mariana) to enhance the points excellent tonifying and strengthening effect on the lungs and bronchi. This type of combination is highly beneficial, for instance, in individuals with constitutional lung weakness, in chronic respiratory infections or for states of grief; these are all conditions where lung energy is weakened and will benefit from ...
PublicationsPublications
Spruce (Picea spp.) is commonly planted in urban and rural landscapes in North Dakota and frequently suffers from needle loss. In general, healthy spruce retain four or more age classes of needles. Premature needle loss of spruce is the result of a variety of causes: improper planting, environmental stress, insect pests and disease. Rhizosphaera needle cast and stigmina needle cast are two of the most common diseases associated with spruce needle loss in North Dakota ...
Determining the Effect of Seasonal Variation in Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) Wood Treated with Various Impregnations on...Determining the Effect of Seasonal Variation in Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) Wood Treated with Various Impregnations on...
Determining the Effect of Seasonal Variation in Spruce (Picea orientalis L.) Wood Treated with Various Impregnations on Combustion Resistance
Collection Notes - UAMHCollection Notes - UAMH
tree near the Remy Martin distillery in France.. Baudoinia is one of several genera representing black, slow growing, so-called meristematic fungi that form sooty black deposits on rocks, archeological monuments, trees and other surfaces. Several of these genera are well represented in UAMH. Two recently described fungi are Hispidoconidioma alpina and Atramixtra arboricola (Tsuneda et al 2010, 2011) isolated from black growth on twigs of Larix lyallii, and declining Picea glauca respectively. Specimens were collected in Larch Valley, Banff National Park, AB. Rarely, these fungi occur indoors. UAMH 11589 is another slow growing black meristematic fungus isolated from carpus dust in Nevada. We identified it as as Pseudotaeniolina globosa by sequencing of the ITS region. This rare species, originally described from rock surfaces, is represented by only three other isolates worldwide.. ...
The genomic architecture and association genetics of adaptive characters using a candidate SNP approach in boreal black spruce ...The genomic architecture and association genetics of adaptive characters using a candidate SNP approach in boreal black spruce ...
The genomic architecture of adaptive traits remains poorly understood in non-model plants. Various approaches can be used to bridge this gap, including the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in pedigrees, and genetic association studies in non-structured populations. Here we present results on the genomic architecture of adaptive traits in black spruce, which is a widely distributed conifer of the North American boreal forest. As an alternative to the usual candidate gene approach, a candidate SNP approach was developed for association testing. A genetic map containing 231 gene loci was used to identify QTL that were related to budset timing and to tree height assessed over multiple years and sites. Twenty-two unique genomic regions were identified, including 20 that were related to budset timing and 6 that were related to tree height. From results of outlier detection and bulk segregant analysis for adaptive traits using DNA pool sequencing of 434 genes, 52 candidate SNPs were identified and
Picea engelmannii, leaf - entire needle imagePicea engelmannii, leaf - entire needle image
Discover Lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of Picea engelmannii, leaf - entire needle image
PublicationsPublications
Spruce (Picea spp.) is commonly planted in urban and rural landscapes in North Dakota and frequently suffers from needle loss. In general, healthy spruce retain four or more age classes of needles. Premature needle loss of spruce is the result of a variety of causes: improper planting, environmental stress, insect pests and disease. Rhizosphaera needle cast and stigmina needle cast are two of the most common diseases associated with spruce needle loss in North Dakota ...
Managing white pine weevil in Forest EducationManaging white pine weevil in Forest Education
Folks, All over the northeastern quadrant of the country, whether in Green Bay, WI, Grand Rapids, MI, or Go To Hell, Anywhere In Region, it makes per
Evaluation of funnel traps for estimating tree mortality and associated population phase of spruce beetle in Utah | TreesearchEvaluation of funnel traps for estimating tree mortality and associated population phase of spruce beetle in Utah | Treesearch
Although funnel traps are routinely used to manage bark beetles, little is known regarding the relationship between trap captures of spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) and mortality of Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) within a 10 ha block of the trap. Using recursive partitioning tree analyses, rules were developed for predicting spruce mortality and associated levels of beetle population phase (endemic and epidemic), in the current year and subsequent year, for a given level of trap captures. Although model predictions of infested-stem counts had large variances, our results suggest the funnel-trap captures can be reliably used to estimate relative levels of tree mortality, expressed as spruce beetle population phase. ...
Five major nuclear ribosomal repeats represent a large and variable fr by Michael S. Bobola, Dirk E. Smith et al."Five major nuclear ribosomal repeats represent a large and variable fr" by Michael S. Bobola, Dirk E. Smith et al.
The nuclear ribosomal repeats for the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S RNAs of two closely related Picea (spruce) species were characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization. Restriction polymorphisms were identified in the IGS and ITS sequences; however, no polymorphism was species specific. As many as five different rDNA repeat units were observed in individual genomes. The repeat size for these gymnosperms ranged from a minimum of 32 kbp to greater than 40 kbp, two- to threefold larger than the typical angiosperm rDNA unit. Slot-blot hybridizations were used to determine the nuclear rDNA copy concentration. Among P. rubens individuals threefold variation was observed in the rDNA copy concentration, and among P. mariana individuals such variation was as much as sixfold. At a size greater than 32 kbp and at a concentration averaging 1.2-1.3 x 10(4) copies/pg, the rDNA constitutes approximately 4% of the total genome. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between copy
New papers online for Acta Palaeontologica PolonicaNew papers online for Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
From: Ben Creisler [email protected] New papers online for Acta Palaeontologica Polonica With the new oviraptor Machairasaurus leptonychus just posted in the September issue of Palaeontology, the Sept. JVP now online, and the review of tyrannosaurs in the new issue Science, its becoming a red letter day for dinosaurs. In case these have not been mentioned, the forthcoming papers section of Acta Palaeontologica Polonica posted some new dinosaur-related papers. The pdfs are free, of course. The teeth of the unenlagiine theropod Buitreraptor from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and the unusual dentition of the Gondwanan dromaeosaurids Federico A. Gianechini, Peter J. Makovicky, and Sebastián Apesteguía Acta Palaeontologica Polonica in press available online 16 Sep 2010 The Unenlagiinae is a clade of Gondwanan dromaeosaurid theropods mainly known from incomplete skeletal material. The group includes two recently discovered theropods, Buitreraptor and Austroraptor, from which cranial remains ...
Spruces | definition of spruces by Medical dictionarySpruces | definition of spruces by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of spruces in the Medical Dictionary? spruces explanation free. What is spruces? Meaning of spruces medical term. What does spruces mean?
The Fizz: Empire Bottling Works Spruce Beer | California WildWomanThe Fizz: Empire Bottling Works Spruce Beer | California WildWoman
People make beverages out of nearly anything. Spruce beer is one proof of it. Some sources claim that spruce beer originated with the Vikings; others say it was a tea made in winter by Native Americans in North America. The Iroquois, it is said, passed on this tea of steeped spruce needles to French explorer…
Vetenskapliga artiklar | GårdsjönVetenskapliga artiklar | Gårdsjön
Andersson, F. & Olsson, B. (eds) 1985. Lake Gårdsjön - An Acid Forest Lake and its Catchment. Ecol. Bull. 37.. Brandrud, T. E. 1995. The effects of experimental nitrogen addition on the ectomycorrhizal fungus flora in an oligotrophic spruce forest at Gårdsjön, Sweden. For. Ecol. Man. 71(1-2): 111-122.. Clemensson-Lindell, A., & Persson, H. 1993. Long-term effects of liming on the fine-root standing crop of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in relation to chemical changes in the soil. Scand. Jour. For. Res. 8(1-4): 384-394.. Dickson, W. (Ed.) (1988). Liming of Lake Gårdsjön: an acidified lake in SW Sweden. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Report 3426 , Solna, 327 pp.. Emmett, B. A., Kjonaas O. J., Gundersen, P., Koopmans, C. J., Tietema, A. & Sleep, D. 1998. Natural abundance of 15N in forests across a nitrogen deposition gradient. For. Ecol. Man. 101: 9-18.. Giesler, R., Moldan, F., Lundstrom, U. & Hultberg, H. 1996. Reversing acidification in a forested catchment in southwestern ...
Antifeedants and feeding stimulants in bark extracts of ten woody non-host species of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietisAntifeedants and feeding stimulants in bark extracts of ten woody non-host species of the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis
The large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis L., is a major insect pest on conifer seedlings in northern Europe. Due to its feeding newly planted trees get girdled, resulting in high seedling mortality (up to 80%). As a consequence great financial losses to the forest industry occur. Today the seedlings are protected with the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin. This insecticide is toxic to aquatic organisms and is, from 2010, prohibited for use in Sweden by the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate. An alternative to insecticides is to protect the seedlings with antifeedants, compounds that, either through taste or smell or both, deter the weevils from feeding. This thesis describes the search for and the synthesis of such antifeedant compounds.. Bark extracts of several woody species, known to be non-palatable to the weevil, were prepared and found to display antifeedant activity against H. abietis. The major chemical constituents of the extracts were tested for antifeedant activity. Antifeedants such as ...
Picea pungens ( Moerheimii Blue Colorado Spruce ) | Backyard GardenerPicea pungens ( Moerheimii Blue Colorado Spruce ) | Backyard Gardener
This stately evergreen conifer has stiff, horizontal branches forming a broadly pyramidal shape. Bark is scaly, purplish-gray, and shoots are orange-brown. Bluish gray-green leaves are needle-like, very stiff, thick, sharp, 4 sided, 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches long. Leaves are covered in a glaucous wax, pointed upwards and
Of Houses and Trees: Tree of the Day No. 2: Colorado Spruce (Picea pungens)Of Houses and Trees: Tree of the Day No. 2: Colorado Spruce (Picea pungens)
Ive never had a "real" Christmas tree and am quite used to the wiry, unscented and somewhat tacky "fake" PVC tree. Theres one standing in my living room as I write this-I actually think it looks quite pretty. And there are arguments on both sides as to which kind of tree is "better." Ive heard fake trees described as "just not the same" and one only has to unpack the acronym PVC to realize that, along with all the other plastic materials in our lives, these trees arent exactly contributing to a chemical free environment. Of course, if a "real" tree isnt properly recycled it essentially becomes a carcass representing how wasteful we can be, especially during the holidays. However, on the plus side, the growth of trees for Christmas purposes relies on individuals respectably making a living off caring for trees-trees that spend about a decade maturing and photosynthesizing (that means more oxygen for us!) before sacrificing their lives for our enjoyment. But wait... thanks to the "living ...
The Tree Coroners - High Country NewsThe Tree Coroners - High Country News
It might seem surprising that, in 2013, we dont know how trees die. We understand tree growth so well that we can decipher its code - tree rings - and reconstruct droughts thousands of years in the past. So why is tree mortality such a mystery?. [SIDEBAR]. "There has been a long tradition in plant science where, if your plant died during your experiment, you were bummed out," McDowell explains. "It was like, Ugh, weve gotta start over. The question was never, Why did it die? " Besides, he adds, tree death didnt seem particularly pressing. "I think people inherently look at trees as these stable things in our lives, like mountains. We didnt know there was a problem.". Western forests are confronting new versions of familiar foes. In the 1990s, a series of warm winters and summers in south-central Alaska allowed bark beetle populations to explode and kill millions of old spruce trees. Beetles gained similar strength in the Rockies during mild winters in the late 90s and early 2000s, ...
Golden-crowned Kinglet | Audubon Field GuideGolden-crowned Kinglet | Audubon Field Guide
One of our tiniest birds, the Golden-crowned Kinglet is remarkable in its ability to survive in cold climates. Nesting in northern forest, wintering throughout much of the continent, it is usually in dense conifers which undoubtedly help provide shelter from the cold. This choice of habitat also makes the Golden-crown hard to see, but it may be detected by its high thin callnotes, and then glimpsed as it flits about high in the spruce trees.
Golden-crowned Kinglet | Audubon Field GuideGolden-crowned Kinglet | Audubon Field Guide
One of our tiniest birds, the Golden-crowned Kinglet is remarkable in its ability to survive in cold climates. Nesting in northern forest, wintering throughout much of the continent, it is usually in dense conifers which undoubtedly help provide shelter from the cold. This choice of habitat also makes the Golden-crown hard to see, but it may be detected by its high thin callnotes, and then glimpsed as it flits about high in the spruce trees.
Abies alba synonyms, Abies alba antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comAbies alba synonyms, Abies alba antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Abies alba in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Abies alba. 2 synonyms for Abies alba: European silver fir, Christmas tree. What are synonyms for Abies alba?
Chemical Ecology and Phytochemistry of Forest Ecosystems by John T. Romeo - Stowarzyszenie LibraryChemical Ecology and Phytochemistry of Forest Ecosystems by John T. Romeo - Stowarzyszenie Library
59. , Phytochemistry, 2003, 62, 1159-1170. 60. , Soil Biol. , 2003, 35, 577-589. 61. , 1988, 43c, 37-41. 62. , Phytopathology, 1971, 61, 301-307. 63. WOODWARD, S. , Physiol. Mol. , 1988,33, 127-149. 64. , J. Chem. Ecol, 2003, 29, 1183-1202. INDUCED CHEMICAL DEFENSES IN CONIFERS 27 65. , Nature, 1986, 324, 365-367. 66. , 1988, 88, 936-942. 67. , 1993, 3, 31-40. 68. , Transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solanl, Science, 1991, 254, 1194-1197. 69. , Nat. Biotechnoi, 1996, 14, 643-646. Analysis of enantiomers showed that following MeJA treatment both (-)a-pinene and (-)-P-pinene increased relative to the (+)-a-pinene and (+)-p-pinene enantiomers. This finding indicates the presence of enantiomer-specific pinene synthases in Norway spruce. Indeed, we identified a stereospecific (-)-a/p-pinene synthase (PaTPS-Pin). Another highly abundant compound in bark, wood, and needles of Norway spruce is the acyclic monoterpene myrcene. Concentrations of myrcene increased ...
saw-whet owls - Blog - The Naturalists Notebooksaw-whet owls - Blog - The Naturalist's Notebook
A couple of years ago we spent an evening plucking barbed porcupine quills out of the paws and face of our Wheaten terrier, Wooster, with pliers, an experience I hope never to have to repeat. A year earlier we had lost a spruce tree because a porcupine had eaten the bark off it. Nevertheless, I find porcupines (or "quilled pigs," to use the French root of their name) interesting to watch. The North American variety, of which we have plenty in Maine, is the largest of the species and each one can have as many as 30,000 quills. A porcupine waddled by as I was leaving the house on Saturday. His rear quills looked like spiky blond hair-and in fact quills are hair, coated in keratin, which also makes up human fingernails. I followed Blondie into the woods, where he scooted up a dead tree like a cute little bear. A lot of people around here shoot porcupines, or are happy to see them turned into roadkill. (Porcupines are attracted to salt, including-unfortunately for them-leftover residue from the ...
Ann Arbor Gardener: June 2013Ann Arbor Gardener: June 2013
In the real world of landscape plant management, it is only practical to spray two or three times a season, and those applications are timed to coincide when disease spread is most likely. With crabapples, a couple sprays in early spring are sufficient since the time of disease spread is very predictable. It is much more of a challenge in the case of spruce trees: for example, needle-cast diseases are most likely to spread in the spring, but weather conditions can allow their spread to occur in summer or even fall. Also different diseases might spread at different times of the year. The plain truth is that the more often the trees are sprayed with fungicide, the more likely it is to achieve disease control ...
Wildernet.com - Camping - Amphitheatre Campground - Ouray Ranger District, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National...Wildernet.com - Camping - Amphitheatre Campground - Ouray Ranger District, Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National...
Amphitheatre Campground: This campground is located one mile south of Ouray. The area is dominated by Spruce trees at an elevation of 8,400 feet. The campground also has an amphitheater and vista. Wildernet has Camping information about the Campground, which is located in the Ouray Ranger District in the Grand Mesa, Uncompahgre and Gunnison National Forests in the state of Colorado
Self-Propelled - iRunFar: Your Trail Running & Ultramarathon ResourceSelf-Propelled - iRunFar: Your Trail Running & Ultramarathon Resource
Sitting by the fire, cradling a cup of coffee, I watch the snow fall, gently blanketing my front yard in white. Spindrift swirls from the large limbs of the spruce tree. A loose piece of metal roofing flaps and bangs ferociously on my shed with every gust of wind. The sky is grey, heavy, a little oppressive, yet the
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
PiceaGymnospermsAbiesConiferophytaPinusTreesWoodPlant StemsBotanyPinaceaeWeevilsPseudotsugaEncyclopedias as TopicTerminology as TopicOregonNorth AmericaChamaecyparisBiomassSwitzerlandQuality of LifePlants, Genetically ModifiedTranscriptomeYeast, DriedPlant ProteinsPlant LeavesPlant RootsPulvinusSeedsPollinationTime FactorsWingHemipteraSouth CarolinaAppalachian RegionPlasmodiophoridaLiriodendronTanninsPlant BarkLichensRegenerationSeedlingNerve Regeneration
Picea breweriana - WikipediaPicea breweriana - Wikipedia
Picea koraiensis - WikipediaPicea koraiensis - Wikipedia
Pterocerina picea - WikipediaPterocerina picea - Wikipedia
Category:Picea jezoensis - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Picea jezoensis - Wikimedia Commons
Keyword: Picea engelmannii | Rocky Mountain Research StationKeyword: Picea engelmannii | Rocky Mountain Research Station
Picea wilsonii Mast. - Encyclopedia of LifePicea wilsonii Mast. - Encyclopedia of Life
Picea breweriana (Brewers Spruce, Weeping Spruce)Picea breweriana (Brewer's Spruce, Weeping Spruce)
Picea purpurea Mast. - Encyclopedia of LifePicea purpurea Mast. - Encyclopedia of Life
Biomass of Picea abiesBiomass of Picea abies
Picea - Spruce -- Discover LifePicea - Spruce -- Discover Life
Plants Profile for Picea breweriana (Brewer spruce)Plants Profile for Picea breweriana (Brewer spruce)
Picea Carry All Pouches | Society6Picea Carry All Pouches | Society6
Aphaenogaster picea, label, CASENT0105719 imageAphaenogaster picea, label, CASENT0105719 image
Picea jezoensis - WikispeciesPicea jezoensis - Wikispecies
Picea sitchensis - WikipediaPicea sitchensis - Wikipedia
Aphaenogaster picea - WikispeciesAphaenogaster picea - Wikispecies
Picea glauca - WikipediaPicea glauca - Wikipedia
Uncharacterized protein - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)Uncharacterized protein - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)
UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for PICEA engelmanniiUC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for PICEA engelmannii
Homeobox domain-containing protein - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)Homeobox domain-containing protein - Picea sitchensis (Sitka spruce)
Winter Stress And Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Norway Spruce (Picea abies, L., Karst.) | SpringerLinkWinter Stress And Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Norway Spruce (Picea abies, L., Karst.) | SpringerLink
Spruce (Picea) - Bonsai EmpireSpruce (Picea) - Bonsai Empire
Picea rubens (Insect Feeders)Picea rubens (Insect Feeders)
Norway Spruce (Picea abies)Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Helios Homeopathy - Picea abiesHelios Homeopathy - Picea abies
Picea mariana Black Spruce, Swamp Spruce PFAF Plant DatabasePicea mariana Black Spruce, Swamp Spruce PFAF Plant Database
ENH-611/ST452: Picea orientalis: Oriental SpruceENH-611/ST452: Picea orientalis: Oriental Spruce
Damage to Picea abies Regeneration After Final Cutting of Shelter...: Ingenta ConnectDamage to Picea abies Regeneration After Final Cutting of Shelter...: Ingenta Connect
picea glaucapicea glauca
Picea obovata in Chinese Plant Names @ efloras.orgPicea obovata in Chinese Plant Names @ efloras.org
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
PiceaGymnospermsAbiesConiferophytaPinusTreesWoodPlant StemsBotanyPinaceaeWeevilsPseudotsugaEncyclopedias as TopicTerminology as TopicOregonNorth AmericaChamaecyparisBiomassSwitzerlandQuality of LifePlants, Genetically ModifiedTranscriptomeYeast, DriedPlant ProteinsPlant LeavesPlant RootsPulvinusSeedsPollinationTime FactorsWingHemipteraSouth CarolinaAppalachian RegionPlasmodiophoridaLiriodendronTanninsPlant BarkLichensRegenerationSeedlingNerve Regeneration
AbiesSpruceGlaucaPinaceaeNylanderBrewerianaEngelmanniiSpeciesSitchensisObovataNeedlesExcelsaSubspDietrMastTraitsOmorikaCommunOrientalisPungens HoopsiiPlantsAreas
Abies5
Spruce8
Glauca1
Pinaceae1
  • Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Picea (Pinaceae): Implications for phylogeographical studies using cytoplasmic haplotypes. (wikipedia.org)
Nylander2
Breweriana1
Engelmannii6
Species4
Sitchensis1
Obovata2
Needles1
  • To understand the morphological and physiological responses of leaves to changes in altitudinal gradients, we examined ten morphological and physiological characteristics in one-year-old needles of Picea schrenkiana var. (hindawi.com)
Excelsa2
Subsp1
Dietr1
Mast2
Traits2
Omorika1
Commun1
Orientalis2
Pungens Hoopsii1
Plants1
  • These include plants from the genera:- Gentiana Meconopsis Lilium Pleione Daphne Adonis Allium Polygonatum Podophyllum Iris Oxalis Narcissus Mitella Picea Pulsatilla Ramonda Prunus Primula Trillium Rhodohypoxis Rhodohypoxis Salvia Salix Erythronium Hepatica japonica Hylomecon Impatiens Leutkea Kirengeshoma Maianthemum Mazus Paeonia Penstemon Rhododendron Saxifraga Scutellaria Sebaea Teucrium Soldanella Veronica Ypsilandra Vancouveria Viola Athyrium Dryopteris Cardiocrinum Caltha Carex Codonopsis Convallaria amongst many others. (edrom-nurseries.co.uk)
Areas1
  • Open areas and forested slope with Betula, Lonicera and scattered Picea. (harvard.edu)
Picea breweriana - Wikipedia
Picea breweriana - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Norway Spruce
Norway Spruce (christmastree.org)
Picea sitchensis - Wikipedia
Picea sitchensis - Wikipedia (en.m.wikipedia.org)
Forestry Commission - Picture Library Image
Forestry Commission - Picture Library Image (forestry.gov.uk)
Plants Profile for Picea breweriana (Brewer spruce)
Plants Profile for Picea breweriana (Brewer spruce) (plants.usda.gov)
Introduction
Introduction (angelfire.com)
Norway spruce | Cornwall Wildlife Trust
Norway spruce | Cornwall Wildlife Trust (cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk)
The Tree Guide
The Tree Guide (arborday.org)
Red Spruce - Encyclopedia of Life
Red Spruce - Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org)
Picea mariana Black Spruce, Swamp Spruce PFAF Plant Database
Picea mariana Black Spruce, Swamp Spruce PFAF Plant Database (pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx/)
White Spruce
White Spruce (christmastree.org)
Picea jezoensis - Wikispecies
Picea jezoensis - Wikispecies (species.wikimedia.org)
Aphaenogaster picea - Wikispecies
Aphaenogaster picea - Wikispecies (species.wikimedia.org)
Picea sitchensis - Wikispecies
Picea sitchensis - Wikispecies (species.wikimedia.org)
Colorado Blue Spruce
Colorado Blue Spruce (realchristmastrees.org)
The climate sensitivity of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the southeastern European Alps | SpringerLink
The climate sensitivity of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the southeastern European Alps | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Diseases of Conifer
Diseases of Conifer (apsnet.org)
Fat Albert Colorado Blue Spruce - Monrovia - Fat Albert Colorado Blue Spruce
Fat Albert Colorado Blue Spruce - Monrovia - Fat Albert Colorado Blue Spruce (monrovia.com)
Spruce (Picea) - Bonsai Empire
Spruce (Picea) - Bonsai Empire (bonsaiempire.com)
Search the Collection | The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
Search the Collection | The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (mfah.org)
Picea glauca
Picea glauca (blogs.ubc.ca)
Spruce - Wikipedia
Spruce - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Winter Stress And Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Norway Spruce (Picea abies, L., Karst.) | SpringerLink
Winter Stress And Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Norway Spruce (Picea abies, L., Karst.) | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Vicia faba - Wikipedia
Vicia faba - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Birch - Wikipedia
Birch - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Grape - Wikipedia
Grape - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Artemisia campestris
Artemisia campestris (fs.fed.us)
Norway spruce (Picea abies) - Woodland Trust
Norway spruce (Picea abies) - Woodland Trust (woodlandtrust.org.uk)
Holzforschung - International Journal of the Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Wood
Holzforschung - International Journal of the Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Technology of Wood (degruyter.com)
Blue spruce | The Morton Arboretum
Blue spruce | The Morton Arboretum (mortonarb.org)
Oriental spruce | The Morton Arboretum
Oriental spruce | The Morton Arboretum (mortonarb.org)
FAO PLANT PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION PAPER - 162
FAO PLANT PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION PAPER - 162 (fao.org)
Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: review of methodology and perspectives on research and...
Genotype by environment interactions in forest tree breeding: review of methodology and perspectives on research and... (link.springer.com)
Дрозофилы - Википедия
Дрозофилы - Википедия (ru.wikipedia.org)
Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids in Picea obovata Needles in the Spring Vegetation Period | SpringerLink
Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids in Picea obovata Needles in the Spring Vegetation Period | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Dryopteris spp.
Dryopteris spp. (fs.fed.us)
Picoides arcticus
Picoides arcticus (fs.fed.us)
Christmas tree - Wikipedia
Christmas tree - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Corydalis sempervirens
Corydalis sempervirens (fs.fed.us)