Phylogeny. Medical search

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Functions constructed from a statistical model and a set of observed data which give the probability of that data for various values of the unknown model parameters. Those parameter values that maximize the probability are the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.

The genetic complement of MITOCHONDRIA as represented in their DNA.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The systematic arrangement of entities in any field into categories classes based on common characteristics such as properties, morphology, subject matter, etc.

The naturally occurring transmission of genetic information between organisms, related or unrelated, circumventing parent-to-offspring transmission. Horizontal gene transfer may occur via a variety of naturally occurring processes such as GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; and TRANSFECTION. It may result in a change of the recipient organism's genetic composition (TRANSFORMATION, GENETIC).

Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.

Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.

Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chromosomally.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).

Animals that have no spinal column.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.

Members of the phylum Arthropoda, composed of organisms having a hard, jointed exoskeleton and paired jointed legs. It includes the class INSECTS and the subclass ARACHNIDA, many species of which are important medically as parasites or as vectors of organisms capable of causing disease in man.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and ARCHAEA), also called Eukarya. These are organisms whose cells are enclosed in membranes and possess a nucleus. They comprise almost all multicellular and many unicellular organisms, and are traditionally divided into groups (sometimes called kingdoms) including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and various algae and other taxa that were previously part of the old kingdom Protista.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

Animals having a vertebral column, members of the phylum Chordata, subphylum Craniata comprising mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Genes, found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are transcribed to produce the RNA which is incorporated into RIBOSOMES. Prokaryotic rRNA genes are usually found in OPERONS dispersed throughout the GENOME, whereas eukaryotic rRNA genes are clustered, multicistronic transcriptional units.

The ceasing of existence of a species or taxonomic groups of organisms.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

The systematic study of the complete DNA sequences (GENOME) of organisms.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

A plant division that includes hornworts, named for the horn-like appearance of the spore-producing plant (sporophyte).

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; LEMURIDAE; and LORISIDAE.

One of the three domains of life (the others being BACTERIA and Eukarya), formerly called Archaebacteria under the taxon Bacteria, but now considered separate and distinct. They are characterized by: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the absence of peptidoglycan cell walls; (3) the presence of ether-linked lipids built from branched-chain subunits; and (4) their occurrence in unusual habitats. While archaea resemble bacteria in morphology and genomic organization, they resemble eukarya in their method of genomic replication. The domain contains at least four kingdoms: CRENARCHAEOTA; EURYARCHAEOTA; NANOARCHAEOTA; and KORARCHAEOTA.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

Peptide elongation factor 1 is a multisubunit protein that is responsible for the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs to eukaryotic ribosomes. The alpha subunit (EF-1alpha) binds aminoacyl-tRNA and transfers it to the ribosome in a process linked to GTP hydrolysis. The beta and delta subunits (EF-1beta, EF-1delta) are involved in exchanging GDP for GTP. The gamma subunit (EF-1gamma) is a structural component.

A phylum of acoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical flatworms, without a definite anus. It includes three classes: Cestoda, Turbellaria, and Trematoda.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

An order of wholly aquatic MAMMALS occurring in all the OCEANS and adjoining seas of the world, as well as in certain river systems. They feed generally on FISHES, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Most are gregarious and most have a relatively long period of parental care and maturation. Included are DOLPHINS; PORPOISES; and WHALES. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, pp969-70)

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

The functional genetic units of ARCHAEA.

Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).

A phylum of EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of cilia at some time during the life cycle. It comprises three classes: KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA; OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA; and POLYMENOPHOREA.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

Any of the DNA in between gene-coding DNA, including untranslated regions, 5' and 3' flanking regions, INTRONS, non-functional pseudogenes, and non-functional repetitive sequences. This DNA may or may not encode regulatory functions.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Those nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity which are located within the CHLOROPLAST DNA.

Constituent of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5.8S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.

A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of SNAILS and slugs. The former have coiled external shells and the latter usually lack shells.

One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)

An order of flagellate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of one or two flagella arising from a depression in the cell body and a single mitochondrion that extends the length of the body.

A phylum of photosynthetic EUKARYOTA bearing double membrane-bound plastids containing chlorophyll a and b. They comprise the classical green algae, and represent over 7000 species that live in a variety of primarily aquatic habitats. Only about ten percent are marine species, most live in freshwater.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A genus of the family HYLOBATIDAE consisting of six species. The members of this genus inhabit rain forests in southeast Asia. They are arboreal and differ from other anthropoids in the great length of their arms and very slender bodies and limbs. Their major means of locomotion is by swinging from branch to branch by their arms. Hylobates means dweller in the trees. Some authors refer to Symphalangus and Nomascus as Hylobates. The six genera include: H. concolor (crested or black gibbon), H. hoolock (Hoolock gibbon), H. klossii (Kloss's gibbon; dwarf siamang), H. lar (common gibbon), H. pileatus (pileated gibbon), and H. syndactylus (siamang). H. lar is also known as H. agilis (lar gibbon), H. moloch (agile gibbon), and H. muelleri (silvery gibbon).

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Cells lacking a nuclear membrane so that the nuclear material is either scattered in the cytoplasm or collected in a nucleoid region.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific genes and gene products.

An order of insect eating MAMMALS including MOLES; SHREWS; HEDGEHOGS and tenrecs.

A group of the proteobacteria comprised of facultatively anaerobic and fermentative gram-negative bacteria.

A monocot family within the order Liliales. This family is divided by some botanists into other families such as Convallariaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Amaryllidaceae. Amaryllidaceae, which have inferior ovaries, includes CRINUM; GALANTHUS; LYCORIS; and NARCISSUS and are known for AMARYLLIDACEAE ALKALOIDS.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Direct nucleotide sequencing of gene fragments from multiple housekeeping genes for the purpose of phylogenetic analysis, organism identification, and typing of species, strain, serovar, or other distinguishable phylogenetic level.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

A large plant family of the order Asterales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida. The family is also known as Compositae. Flower petals are joined near the base and stamens alternate with the corolla lobes. The common name of "daisy" refers to several genera of this family including Aster; CHRYSANTHEMUM; RUDBECKIA; TANACETUM.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A class of EUKARYOTA (traditionally algae), characterized by biflagellated cells and found in both freshwater and marine environments. Pigmentation varies but only one CHLOROPLAST is present. Unique structures include a nucleomorph and ejectosomes.

The small ribonucleoprotein component of RIBOSOMES. It contains the MESSENGER RNA binding site and two TRANSFER RNA binding sites - one for the incoming AMINO ACYL TRNA (A site) and the other (P site) for the peptidyl tRNA carrying the elongating peptide chain.

Cells of the higher organisms, containing a true nucleus bounded by a nuclear membrane.

A large subphylum of mostly marine ARTHROPODS containing over 42,000 species. They include familiar arthropods such as lobsters (NEPHROPIDAE), crabs (BRACHYURA), shrimp (PENAEIDAE), and barnacles (THORACICA).

A plant genus of the family MORACEAE. It is the source of the familiar fig fruit and the latex from this tree contains FICAIN.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The genetic complement of PLASTIDS as represented in their DNA.

A phylum of bacteria consisting of the purple bacteria and their relatives which form a branch of the eubacterial tree. This group of predominantly gram-negative bacteria is classified based on homology of equivalent nucleotide sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA or by hybridization of ribosomal RNA or DNA with 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

A plant division. They are simple plants that lack vascular tissue and possess rudimentary rootlike organs (rhizoids). Like MOSSES, liverworts have alternation of generations between haploid gamete-bearing forms (gametophytes) and diploid spore-bearing forms (sporophytes).

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Techniques for standardizing and expediting taxonomic identification or classification of organisms that are based on deciphering the sequence of one or a few regions of DNA known as the "DNA barcode".

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The family of Old World monkeys and baboons consisting of two subfamilies: CERCOPITHECINAE and COLOBINAE. They are found in Africa and part of Asia.

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

Highly repeated sequences, 100-300 bases long, which contain RNA polymerase III promoters. The primate Alu (ALU ELEMENTS) and the rodent B1 SINEs are derived from 7SL RNA, the RNA component of the signal recognition particle. Most other SINEs are derived from tRNAs including the MIRs (mammalian-wide interspersed repeats).

The inanimate matter of Earth, the structures and properties of this matter, and the processes that affect it.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

A phylum of the most familiar marine invertebrates. Its class Stelleroidea contains two subclasses, the Asteroidea (the STARFISH or sea stars) and the Ophiuroidea (the brittle stars, also called basket stars and serpent stars). There are 1500 described species of STARFISH found throughout the world. The second class, Echinoidea, contains about 950 species of SEA URCHINS, heart urchins, and sand dollars. A third class, Holothuroidea, comprises about 900 echinoderms known as SEA CUCUMBERS. Echinoderms are used extensively in biological research. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp773-826)

The genetic complement of an archaeal organism (ARCHAEA) as represented in its DNA.

An order of protozoa characterized by their ability to aggregate to form a multicellular pseudoplasmodium, which gives rise to a multispored fruiting body. A stalk tube is present.

A class in the phylum PROTEOBACTERIA comprised mostly of two major phenotypes: purple non-sulfur bacteria and aerobic bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacteria.

A large supergroup of mostly amoeboid EUKARYOTES whose three main subgroups are CERCOZOA; FORAMINIFERA; and HAPLOSPORIDA. Nearly all of the species possess MITOCHONDRIA and historically many were considered ANIMALS.

The physical measurements of a body.

A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera.

An order of New World mammals characterized by the absence of incisors and canines from among their teeth, and comprising the ARMADILLOS, the SLOTHS, and the anteaters. The order is distinguished from all others by what are known as xenarthrous vertebrae (xenos, strange; arthron, joint): there are secondary, and sometimes even more, articulations between the vertebrae of the lumbar series. The order was formerly called Edentata. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, vol. I, p515)

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

An extensive order of highly specialized insects including bees, wasps, and ants.

An order of small mammals comprising two families, Ochotonidae (pikas) and Leporidae (RABBITS and HARES). Head and body length ranges from about 125 mm to 750 mm. Hares and rabbits have a short tail, and the pikas lack a tail. Rabbits are born furless and with both eyes and ears closed. HARES are born fully haired with eyes and ears open. All are vegetarians. (From Nowak, Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p539-41)

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medical interest. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Flagellate EUKARYOTES, found mainly in the oceans. They are characterized by the presence of transverse and longitudinal flagella which propel the organisms in a rotating manner through the water. Dinoflagellida were formerly members of the class Phytomastigophorea under the old five kingdom paradigm.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.

A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

A monophyletic group of green plants that includes all land plants (EMBRYOPHYTA) and all green algae (CHLOROPHYTA and STREPTOPHYTA).

Any of numerous winged hymenopterous insects of social as well as solitary habits and having formidable stings.

The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.

An infraorder of New World monkeys, comprised of the families AOTIDAE; ATELIDAE; CEBIDAE; and PITHECIIDAE. They are found exclusively in the Americas.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

A technique of operations research for solving certain kinds of problems involving many variables where a best value or set of best values is to be found. It is most likely to be feasible when the quantity to be optimized, sometimes called the objective function, can be stated as a mathematical expression in terms of the various activities within the system, and when this expression is simply proportional to the measure of the activities, i.e., is linear, and when all the restrictions are also linear. It is different from computer programming, although problems using linear programming techniques may be programmed on a computer.

Any of numerous burrowing mammals found in temperate regions and having minute eyes often covered with skin.

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

The genetic complement of CHLOROPLASTS as represented in their DNA.

A plant family of the order ZINGIBERALES, subclass Zingiberidae, class Liliopsida best known for banana (MUSA). The slender false trunk, formed by leaf sheaths of the spirally arranged leaves, may rise to 15 meters (50 feet). There is a crown of large leaves at the top.

Mammals of the families Delphinidae (ocean dolphins), Iniidae, Lipotidae, Pontoporiidae, and Platanistidae (all river dolphins). Among the most well-known species are the BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHIN and the KILLER WHALE (a dolphin). The common name dolphin is applied to small cetaceans having a beaklike snout and a slender, streamlined body, whereas PORPOISES are small cetaceans with a blunt snout and rather stocky body. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, pp978-9)

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A novel genetic screen for snRNP assembly factors in yeast identifies a conserved protein, Sad1p, also required for pre-mRNA splicing. (1/52004)

The assembly pathway of spliceosomal snRNPs in yeast is poorly understood. We devised a screen to identify mutations blocking the assembly of newly synthesized U4 snRNA into a functional snRNP. Fifteen mutant strains failing either to accumulate the newly synthesized U4 snRNA or to assemble a U4/U6 particle were identified and categorized into 13 complementation groups. Thirteen previously identified splicing-defective prp mutants were also assayed for U4 snRNP assembly defects. Mutations in the U4/U6 snRNP components Prp3p, Prp4p, and Prp24p led to disassembly of the U4/U6 snRNP particle and degradation of the U6 snRNA, while prp17-1 and prp19-1 strains accumulated free U4 and U6 snRNA. A detailed analysis of a newly identified mutant, the sad1-1 mutant, is presented. In addition to having the snRNP assembly defect, the sad1-1 mutant is severely impaired in splicing at the restrictive temperature: the RP29 pre-mRNA strongly accumulates and splicing-dependent production of beta-galactosidase from reporter constructs is abolished, while extracts prepared from sad1-1 strains fail to splice pre-mRNA substrates in vitro. The sad1-1 mutant is the only splicing-defective mutant analyzed whose mutation preferentially affects assembly of newly synthesized U4 snRNA into the U4/U6 particle. SAD1 encodes a novel protein of 52 kDa which is essential for cell viability. Sad1p localizes to the nucleus and is not stably associated with any of the U snRNAs. Sad1p contains a putative zinc finger and is phylogenetically highly conserved, with homologues identified in human, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidospis, and Drosophila. (+info)

The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. (2/52004)

The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily is the most abundant class of transcriptional regulators encoded in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome, with >200 predicted genes revealed by the screens and analysis of genomic sequence reported here. This is the largest number of NR genes yet described from a single species, although our analysis of available genomic sequence from the related nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae indicates that it also has a large number. Existing data demonstrate expression for 25% of the C. elegans NR sequences. Sequence conservation and statistical arguments suggest that the majority represent functional genes. An analysis of these genes based on the DNA-binding domain motif revealed that several NR classes conserved in both vertebrates and insects are also represented among the nematode genes, consistent with the existence of ancient NR classes shared among most, and perhaps all, metazoans. Most of the nematode NR sequences, however, are distinct from those currently known in other phyla, and reveal a previously unobserved diversity within the NR superfamily. In C. elegans, extensive proliferation and diversification of NR sequences have occurred on chromosome V, accounting for > 50% of the predicted NR genes. (+info)

Isolation of zebrafish gdf7 and comparative genetic mapping of genes belonging to the growth/differentiation factor 5, 6, 7 subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. (3/52004)

The Growth/differentiation factor (Gdf) 5, 6, 7 genes form a closely related subgroup belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily. In zebrafish, there are three genes that belong to the Gdf5, 6, 7 subgroup that have been named radar, dynamo, and contact. The genes radar and dynamo both encode proteins most similar to mouse GDF6. The orthologous identity of these genes on the basis of amino acid similarities has not been clear. We have identified gdf7, a fourth zebrafish gene belonging to the Gdf5, 6, 7 subgroup. To assign correct orthologies and to investigate the evolutionary relationships of the human, mouse, and zebrafish Gdf5, 6, 7 subgroup, we have compared genetic map positions of the zebrafish and mammalian genes. We have mapped zebrafish gdf7 to linkage group (LG) 17, contact to LG9, GDF6 to human chromosome (Hsa) 8 and GDF7 to Hsa2p. The radar and dynamo genes have been localized previously to LG16 and LG19, respectively. A comparison of syntenies shared among human, mouse, and zebrafish genomes indicates that gdf7 is the ortholog of mammalian GDF7/Gdf7. LG16 shares syntenic relationships with mouse chromosome (Mmu) 4, including Gdf6. Portions of LG16 and LG19 appear to be duplicate chromosomes, thus suggesting that radar and dynamo are both orthologs of Gdf6. Finally, the mapping data is consistent with contact being the zebrafish ortholog of mammalian GDF5/Gdf5. (+info)

Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants. (4/52004)

A highly fatal hemorrhagic disease has been identified in 10 young Asian and African elephants at North American zoos. In the affected animals there was ultrastructural evidence for herpesvirus-like particles in endothelial cells of the heart, liver, and tongue. Consensus primer polymerase chain reaction combined with sequencing yielded molecular evidence that confirmed the presence of two novel but related herpesviruses associated with the disease, one in Asian elephants and another in African elephants. Otherwise healthy African elephants with external herpetic lesions yielded herpesvirus sequences identical to that found in Asian elephants with endothelial disease. This finding suggests that the Asian elephant deaths were caused by cross-species infection with a herpesvirus that is naturally latent in, but normally not lethal to, African elephants. A reciprocal relationship may exist for the African elephant disease. (+info)

Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. (5/52004)

Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very different asd sequences which fell into separate lineages in the V. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion in hlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdh and hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recA and dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution. (+info)

Three receptor genes for plasminogen related growth factors in the genome of the puffer fish Fugu rubripes. (6/52004)

Plasminogen related growth factors (PRGFs) and their receptors play major roles in embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and neoplasia. In order to investigate the complexity and evolution of the PRGF receptor family we have cloned and sequenced three receptors for PRGFs in the teleost fish Fugu rubripes, a model vertebrate with a compact genome. One of the receptor genes isolated encodes the orthologue of mammalian MET, whilst the other two may represent Fugu rubripes orthologues of RON and SEA. This is the first time three PRGF receptors have been identified in a single species. (+info)

Cloning, molecular analysis and differential cell localisation of the p36 RACK analogue antigen from the parasite protozoon Crithidia fasciculata. (7/52004)

The family of the RACK molecules (receptors for activated C kinases) are present in all the species studied so far. In the genus Leishmania, these molecules also induce a strong immune reaction against the infection. We have cloned and characterised the gene that encodes the RACK analogue from the parasite trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata (CACK). The molecule seems to be encoded by two genes. The sequence analysis of the cloned open reading frame indicates the existence of a high degree of conservation not only with other members of the Trypanosomatidae but also with mammalians. The study of the protein kinase C phosphorylation sites shows the presence of three of them, shared with the mammalian species, additional to those present in the other protozoa suggesting a certain phylogenetic distance between the protozoon Crithidia fasciculata and the rest of the Trypanosomatidae. The CACK-encoded polypeptide shows an additional sequence of four amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end, which produces a different folding of the fragment with the presence of an alpha-helix instead of the beta-sheet usual in all the other species studied. A similar result is elicited at the amino-terminal end by the change of three amino acid residues. The immunolocalisation experiments show that the CACK displays a pattern with a distribution mainly at the plasma membrane, different from that of the related Leishmania species used as control, that displays a distribution close to the nucleus. Altogether, the data suggest that the existence of the structural differences found may have functional consequences. (+info)

Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a lindane-degrading bacterium. (8/52004)

Lindane-degrading activity under aerobic conditions has been observed in two bacterial strains: UT26, phenotypically identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and a new single unidentified isolate named RP5557T. The rrs (16S rDNA) sequences for both strains and the phenotypic characteristics for the unidentified isolate RP5557T were determined. RP5557T does not have high identity (less than 90% in all cases) with any sequence in the GenBank or RDP databases. A phylogenetic analysis based on rrs sequences indicated that RP5557T belongs to the gamma-Proteobacteria in a coherent phylum that includes the genera Xanthomonas and Xylella (100% bootstrap), whereas UT26 is clearly separate from the Xanthomonas cluster. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and on the phenotypic characteristics, a new genus, Rhodanobacter, containing a single species, Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus, is proposed for strain RP5557T (= LMG 18385T), which becomes the type strain. (+info)

One such example is that of Incomplete Directed Perfect Phylogeny. This concept involves utilizing perfect phylogenies with ... Character state matrices An example of a character matrix that can be depicted as a perfect phylogeny Perfect phylogeny is a ... "Clonality Inference in Tumors Using Phylogeny" (CITUP) Github for "Exact inference under the perfect phylogeny model" (EXACT) ... Inferring a phylogeny from noisy VAF data under the PPM is a hard problem. Most inference tools include some heuristic step to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_phylogeny

Research on harvestman phylogeny (that is, the phylogenetic tree) is in a state of flux. While some families are clearly ... There is not yet a proposed phylogeny for the whole group of Laniatores, although some families have been researched in this ... Garwood, Russell J.; Dunlop, Jason A.; Knecht, Brian J.; Hegna, Thomas A. (2017). "The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders". BMC ... The Dyspnoi are probably the best studied harvestman group regarding phylogeny. They are clearly monophyletic, and divided into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvestman_phylogeny

... phylogeny might shed more light on the pre-history of an organism. The term phylogeny derives from the Greek terms phyle (φυλή ... Phylogeny in psychoanalysis is the study of the whole family or species of an organism in order to better understand the pre- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_(psychoanalysis)

Molecular studies have attempted to infer the phylogeny of this clade, resulting in phylogenies which have a limited amount of ... Phylogeny of Malacostraca is the evolutionary relationships of the largest of the six classes of crustaceans, containing about ... To resolve a well-supported eumalacostracan phylogeny and obtain a robust tree, it will be necessary to look beyond the most ... The major feature that emerges from the picture of the phylogeny of the Malacostraca is that their diversity has resulted in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostraca

Pterosauria @ Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Kellner, A. W. A., (2003): Pterosaur phylogeny and comments on the evolutionary history ... This phylogeny of pterosaurs entails the various phylogenetic trees used to classify pterosaurs throughout the years and ... Pterosaur phylogeny is currently highly contested and several hypotheses are presented below. The matrix includes 19 pterosaur ... A paper focusing on the pterosaur phylogeny (Andres) was published in a book named "The Pterosauria". An updated and more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_pterosaurs

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group, or PPG, is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to ... The classification was based on a consensus phylogeny, shown below to the level of order. The very large order Polypodiales was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (or APweb) is a website dedicated to research on angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy. The site ... Peter F. Stevens is a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The taxonomy presented is broadly based on the work of ... "Angiosperm phylogeny: A chart of flowering plant families". Wikimedia Commons has media related to APWebsite. Official website ... Stevens, Peter F. (2006). "The angiosperm phylogeny Website - a tool for reference and teaching in a time of change". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website

2001], Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, retrieved 11 June 2016 Cole, Theodor C.H. (2015), "Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) in ... 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group ... The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a ... Peter Stevens, one of the authors of all four of the APG papers, maintains a web site, the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APWeb ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group

... is Stephen Jay Gould's first technical book. He wrote that Ernst Mayr had suggested in passing that he ... Ontogeny and Phylogeny is a 1977 book on evolution by Stephen Jay Gould, in which the author explores the relationship between ... Gould's hope was to show that the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny is fundamental to evolution, and at its heart is ... "Ontogeny and phylogeny". WorldCat. Retrieved 21 September 2021. Hall, B. K. (2003). "Evo-Devo: evolutionary developmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeny_and_Phylogeny

Phylogeny estimation using distance methods has produced a number of controversies. UPGMA assumes an ultrametric tree (a tree ... Distance matrices are used in phylogeny as non-parametric distance methods and were originally applied to phenetic data using a ... Error resulting from any characteristic of that branch that might confound phylogeny (stochastic variability, change in ... Felsenstein J. (2004). Inferring Phylogenies Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA. Fitch WM; Margoliash E (1967). "Construction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_matrices_in_phylogeny

Some of these include: Inference of phylogenies. Inference and evaluation of uncertainty of phylogenies. Inference of ancestral ... Bayesian inference of phylogeny combines the information in the prior and in the data likelihood to create the so-called ... The results of the Bayesian analysis of a phylogeny are directly correlated to the model of evolution chosen so it is important ... Although considered by many to be the best approach to inferring phylogenies from a theoretical point of view, ML is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_inference_in_phylogeny

... generates a phylogenetic tree based on an observed matrix of pairwise genetic distances ... William H.E. Day, Computational complexity of inferring phylogenies from dissimilarity matrices, Bulletin of Mathematical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_squares_inference_in_phylogeny

The result of these analyses is a phylogeny (also known as a phylogenetic tree) - a diagrammatic hypothesis about the history ... Phylogeny Phylogenetics Taxonomy Cladistics Ontogeny Evolution Mayr E. (2005). Das ist Evolution. München: Goldmann. ISBN 3-442 ... The degree to which taxonomies depend on phylogenies (or classification depends on evolutionary development) differs depending ... ISBN 978-0-520-23693-6. "phylogeny". Biology online. Retrieved 2013-02-15. "clade". Online Etymology Dictionary. Columbia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenesis

"Phylogeny". Data from: A new durophagous stem cheloniid turtle from the lower Paleocene of Cabinda, Angola (Data Set). Dryad ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durophagy

"Phylogeny". zmuc.dk. 14 December 2005. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2018. "Limnognathia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnognathia

phylogeny. Ent., 1:1-56. Enderlein, G. (1928b), Sarcophgiden-Studien II. Konowia, 7:147-153. Enderlein, G. (1936), 22. Ordnung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesh_fly

"Phylogeny". Second Life. "Keeping culture and communicating it in the modern world: A virtual ballet of Paro Taktsang as a ... But in Phylogeny (2009), which examined the reverse development of the species from humans to dragons, the lag was actually ... "Phylogeny: performance with the Indianapolis Telematics Ensemble". Indianapolis, Indiana.[permanent dead link] "A workshop- ... Olmannen (2006) Windows (2007) The Nut (2007) Phylogeny (2008) Les Fleurs Rose (2008) Shuzenji (2008) Living Goddess (2009) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballet_Pixelle

The term "phylogeny" derives from the German Phylogenie, introduced by Haeckel in 1866, and the Darwinian approach to ... "phylogeny". Biology online. Retrieved 15 February 2013. "Phylogenetic Trees". www.cs.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 27 April 2019. ... Phylogeny reconstruction. In D. M. Hillis and G. Moritz (eds.), Molecular Systematics, pages 411-501. Sinauer Associates, ... It was often expressed as "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", i.e. the development of a single organism during its lifetime, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics

Gauthier, J.A.; Cannatella, D.; Queiroz, K.; Kluge, A.G. & Rowe, T. (1989). "Tetrapod phylogeny". In Fernholm, K. Bremer, & ... Herrerasaurus has been classified as an early saurischian in most of the phylogenies on the origin and early evolution of ... a reassessment of dinosaur origin and phylogeny". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (3): 371-425. doi:10.1080/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herrerasaurus

On another level, one can map the horizontal gene transfer processes, by determining the phylogeny of the individual genes ... "Phylogeny Programs". Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved 21 January 2010. O'Neil, Dennis (1998-2008). "Classification ... Mythological phylogenies constructed with mythemes clearly support low horizontal transmissions (borrowings), historical ( ... Historical linguistics: Cladistic methods have been used to reconstruct the phylogeny of languages using linguistic features. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladistics

"Elasmobranch Phylogeny". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-03-03. Schwartz, F.J. (January 31, 2007). "Tail spine characteristics of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalleye_stingray

"FlyBase phylogeny". Retrieved 24 August 2019. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_species_group

January 2001). "Analysis of partial Glomales SSU rRNA gene sequences: implications for primer design and phylogeny". Mycol. Res ... Schüßler, Arthur (15 August 2011). "Glomeromycota phylogeny". www.lrz-muenchen.de. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29. ... December 2001). "A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution". Mycol. Res. 105 (12): 1413-1421. doi:10.1017 ... Redeker, D. (2002). "Molecular identification and phylogeny of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi". Plant and Soil. 244: 67-73. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomeromycota

New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25-63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN ... Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of ... "Mammal Phylogeny - Placentals", Szalay, F. S., M. J. Novacek and M. C. McKenna (eds.). ISBN 978-0-387-97853-6 Matsui, K.; ... Fox Phylogeny. Vertebrate Evolution - Fall 2005, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA. Wesley-Hunt, G. D.; Werdelin, L. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivoramorpha

Crompton, Alfred W.; Luo, Zhexi (1993). Mammal Phylogeny. New York, NY: Springer New York. pp. 30-44. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615- ... McNab, Brian K. (January 1978). "The Evolution of Endothermy in the Phylogeny of Mammals". The American Naturalist. 112 (983): ... Some authors have challenged the phylogeny represented by the cladogram above. They exclude the multituberculates from the ... Szalay FS, Trofimov BA (1996). "The Mongolian Late Cretaceous Asiatherium, and the early phylogeny and paleobiogeography of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_mammals

... phylogeny. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles with 'species' ... doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02240.x. Marjanović, David; Laurin, Michel (2019). "Phylogeny of Paleozoic limbed vertebrates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanerpetontidae

Insect Phylogeny. New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-27848-1. Translated by A. C. Pont. Originally published in 1969 as Die ... but based on studies of their morphological similarities as well as molecular phylogeny are now considered as a sister group of ... Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Lanham, Maryland: Entomological Society of America. pp. 9-30. ISBN 978-0-938522-54-6. ... "Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Gondwanan moss-bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae)". Cladistics. 35 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coleorrhyncha

Cifelli, R. L. (1993). "The phylogeny of the native South American ungulates". In Szalay, F.S.; Novacek, M.J.; McKenna, M.C. ( ... eds.). Mammal phylogeny. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 195-216. ISBN 9780387978536. Johnson, Steven C.; Madden, Richard H. ( ... from Patagonia and a new appraisal of astrapothere phylogeny". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7 (1): 117-128. doi:10.1017 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrapotheria

"Solanum phylogeny". Solanaceae Source, Natural History Museum. 2004. Retrieved May 15, 2011. Media related to Solanum diphyllum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_diphyllum

Many of the subgenera and sections might not be valid; they are used here provisionally as the phylogeny of this genus is not ... "Solanum Phylogeny". Solanaceae Source. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2009-11-01. Gagnon, E.; Hilgenhof, R.; Orejuela, A.; ... A recent study built a densely sampled species-level phylogeny for Solanum comprising 60% of all accepted species based on full ... The idea that well-supported and fully bifurcating phylogenies are a requisite for evolutionary studies is built on the premise ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum

Definition of Phylogeny: The history of the evolution of a species or group, especially lines of descent and relationships ... What is Phylogeny. 1. The history of the evolution of a species or group, especially lines of descent and relationships among ... Full text search our database of 172,500 titles for Phylogeny to find related research papers. ... Looking for research materials? Search our database for more Phylogeny downloadable research papers. ...

https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/phylogeny/22682

World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (‎World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, 2022-06)‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Phylogeny&type=mesh

Thus, we report the first evidence, to our knowledge, that competition for trophic resources and phylogeny are pivotal factors ... Here we show that resource partitioning and phylogeny determine community structure and outweigh the positive effects of ... Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in Müllerian co-mimics. *Markos A. Alexandrou1, ... Alexandrou, M., Oliveira, C., Maillard, M. et al. Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in Müllerian co- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09660?error=cookies_not_supported&code=eb4b84ae-e83f-46a5-8e4e-3508c243070a

We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which ... We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological ... Chesters, D. The phylogeny of insects in the data-driven era. Syst. Entomol. 2019. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] ... Phylogeny and Classification of Zoraptera. Zoraptera show an extreme uniformity in general body morphology [1,2]. This has lead ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/1/51

Phylogeny and diversity of multicellular organisms. Research is focused on evolutionary aspects of plant and animal species ... Cardinal S, Straka J. & Danforth BN (2010): Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity ...

https://cuni.cz/UKEN-505.html

Phylogeny and population dynamics of RNA provide complementary insights into evolution and the interplay between the two ... We elaborate on the state of the art in modeling both phylogeny and evolution of RNA driven by reproduction and mutation. ... In the perspectives an attempt is made to combine molecular structure, population dynamics, and phylogeny in modeling evolution ...

https://medworm.com/22681622/phylogeny-and-evolution-of-rna-structure/

Li, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, Y. et al. Genomic insights into the phylogeny and biomass-degrading enzymes of rumen ciliates. ISME J ... Genomic insights into the phylogeny and biomass-degrading enzymes of rumen ciliates. *Zongjun Li ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002- ... Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 2014;30: ... A standardized bacterial taxonomy based on genome phylogeny substantially revises the tree of life. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36:996 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41396-022-01306-8?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b705a30d-345e-42ee-98b7-26088eff7a9f

Deleporte, Pierre; Cap, Henri (2014): Behavioural phylogeny of Bovidae. In: Zitteliana, Vol. B 32: pp. 175-184 ... Phylogeny, behaviour, Bovidae, methods. Faculties:. Geosciences , Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Paleontology ... then we present our first attempt at reconstructing the phylogeny of Bovidae based on behavioural data taken from the ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/22394/

Phylogeny in high-quality scientific databases and software tools using Expasy, the Swiss Bioinformatics Resource Portal. ... You can also query Phylogeny into a selection of SIB databases in parallel ...

https://www.expasy.org/search/Phylogeny?type=keyword

Galapagos finch phylogeny. Image Caption. Genetic sequences show that finches with similar feeding approaches tend to be ... Home → Teach Evolution → Lessons and Teaching Tools → Image Library → Galapagos finch phylogeny ...

https://evolution.berkeley.edu/teach-resources/galapagos-finch-phylogeny/

We provide secure, cost-effective access to the UKs richest collection of digital content: giving you access to the latest data and content from leading international publishers and providers.. Find out more at jisc.ac.uk. ...

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/38217

Information, guidance and support for readers interested in applying the principles of The Blood Type Diet as outlined by The New York Times best-selling author Dr. Peter DAdamo.

https://www.dadamo.com/dadamowiki/wiki.pl?action=localmap

Phylogeny of Yellow Fever Virus, Uganda, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2018;24(8):1598-1599. doi:10.3201/eid2408.180588. ... Hughes, H. R., Kayiwa, J., Mossel, E. C., Lutwama, J., Staples, J., & Lambert, A. J. (2018). Phylogeny of Yellow Fever Virus, ... Phylogeny of Yellow Fever Virus, Uganda, 2016. Volume 24, Number 8-August 2018 ... and phylogenies were generated with BEAST 1.8.4 (9), as previously described (7). ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/8/18-0588

... TABLE 1. A summary of the most recent phylogenetic definitions for higher order taxa given by ...

https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2022/737-702/3713-iguanodontian-phylogeny-tables

Persons tagged with «Phylogeny». Name. Phone. E-mail. Tags. Bachmann, Lutz Professor +47 22851764 [email protected] ... Molecular evolution, Genome evolution, Molecular systematics, Population genetics, Phylogeny Nordal, Inger [email protected] ... Speciation, Plant systematics, Evolution, Systematics, Phylogeny, Flora Nordica, Monocot evolution, Phylogeography, Nunatak ... Bioinformatics, Evolution, Genome evolution, Molecular evolution, Phylogeny, Phylogenomics, Phylogeography, Population genetics ...

https://www.sv.uio.no/?vrtx=tags&tag=Phylogeny&resource-type=person&areacode=900000&lang=en

Subject Interests: Phylogeny. Patrick Urban. You are unauthorized to view this page. ...

https://www.coleopsoc.org/subject/phylogeny/

Multigene Phylogeny of Choanozoa and the Origin of Animals *Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran ...

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PLoSO...3.2098S

ISHS IV International Conifer Conference MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF PINACEAE AND PINUS ...

https://www.actahort.org/books/615/615_7.htm

Between Spines and Molecules: A Total Evidence Phylogeny of the Brazilian Endemic Genus Encholirium (Pitcairnioideae, ... A Total Evidence Phylogeny of the Brazilian Endemic Genus Encholirium (Pitcairnioideae, Bromeliaceae)," Systematic Botany 44(1 ... A Total Evidence Phylogeny of the Brazilian Endemic Genus Encholirium (Pitcairnioideae, Bromeliaceae)," Systematic Botany, 44(1 ...

https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-botany/volume-44/issue-1/036364419X697859/Between-Spines-and-Molecules--A-Total-Evidence-Phylogeny-of/10.1600/036364419X697859.short

PhyML is a phylogeny software based on the maximum-likelihood principle. Early PhyML versions used a fast algorithm performing ... PhyML is a phylogeny software based on the maximum-likelihood principle. Early PhyML versions used a fast algorithm performing ... New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0 Syst Biol. 2010 ... Second, we describe a new test to assess the support of the data for internal branches of a phylogeny. This approach extends ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20525638/

Phylogeny, ancestors, and anagenesis in the hominin fossil record. @article{ParinsFukuchi2018PhylogenyAA, title={Phylogeny, ... A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data. *T. Aze, T. Ezard, +4 authors. P. Pearson ... The phylogeny is developed from a large body of palaeontological work that details the evolutionary relationships and ... The importance of a dense and continuous fossil record for understanding the phylogeny of vertebrates is emphasized and the ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Phylogeny%2C-ancestors%2C-and-anagenesis-in-the-hominin-Parins-Fukuchi-Greiner/4f7c1ead001df56d0e62730708cffce3f4f05be4

Phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae) Author: Pezzini, Flávia Fonseca ISNI: 0000 0004 ... A subset of 111 loci was used to generate a dated phylogeny based on penalised likelihood analysis using the fossil flower of ... The well resolved and sampled NGS phylogenies showed a similar pattern of geographical and ecological structure as inferred ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.798950

We combined the phylogeny with species occurrence data to estimate phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism across ... Results: Our ML phylogeny contained 87% of all currently described native Norwegian vascular plants. Assemblages were ... Methods: We produced a multi-locus Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny using a combination of newly produced DNA sequences from ... Phylogeny of the Norwegian flora. Mienna, Ida M., Norwegian University of Life Sciences, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-7240 ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.kkwh70s1n

Phylogeny of Orbirhynchia Pettitt, 1954 (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida). Palaeontology, 43, 5, 871-880. ...

https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/43/5/article_pp871-880?view=abstract

Be the first to review "Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny" Cancel reply. You must be logged in to post a review. ... Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny. Proceedings of the international meeting Miraflores de la Sierra, 2005. 2008. [in ... "Mesozoic Fishes 4 - Homology and Phylogeny" captures the current state of knowledge on Mesozoic fishes and illustrates the ... Ichthyotringa is not monophyletic if Apateodus is included in the phylogeny. Only larger specimens of I. mexicana n. sp. have ...

https://pfeil-verlag.de/en/publications/mesozoic-fishes-4-homology-and-phylogeny/

Taxonomy, phylogeny, biodiversity, and biogeography of sand-dwelling dinoflagellates. *Character evolution and phylogeny of ... Taxonomy, phylogeny, biodiversity, and biogeography of sand-dwelling dinoflagellates. *Character evolution and phylogeny of ... First of all I am interested in the molecular phylogeny of and character evolution within Dinophysales. The hypothesis is that ... Hoppenrath, M., Horiguchi, T., Miyoshi, Y., Selina, M., Taylor, F.J.R. & Leander, B.S. (2007): Taxonomy, phylogeny, ...

https://www.senckenberg.de/en/institutes/senckenberg-am-meer/german-center-for-marine-biodiversity-research-dzmb/marine-botany/marine-botany-research/character-evolution-and-phylogeny-of-dinophysiales/

... Dataset homepage ... Stümpel N, Joger U, plazi (2009). Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers - an update. ... Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers - an update. ZooKeys 31 (3): 179-191, DOI: 10.3897/ ...

https://www.gbif.org/dataset/565f0db8-19ef-42d2-8a06-4a068ff695a0

Phylogeny Polymorphism Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Research Ribosomal Proteins Sequence Alignment Sequence Analysis, DNA ... Much remains unknown of the phylogeny and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an organism that kills 2 million people ... Title : Silent Nucleotide Polymorphisms and a Phylogeny for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Personal Author(s) : Baker, Lucy;Brown, ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14591

... Polyubiquitin insertions and the phylogeny of Cercozoa and ... SSU rDNA Phylogeny Indicates the Scale-lacking Trivalvulariida ord. nov. as a Sister Group to the Euglyphida (Cercozoa, ... Phylogeny and Classification of Novel Diversity in Sainouroidea (Cercozoa, Rhizaria) Sheds Light on a Highly Diverse and ... Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/012/428/012428747.php

Taxonomy and phylogeny of a new Central American beetle genus: Catrachia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) ... Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution. 38: 16-24. [ Links ]. ... Reestablishment of the genus Trichesthes Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) based on phylogeny. J. ...

https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-77442006000200027&lng=es&nrm=iso

We, therefore, conducted a multigene molecular phylogeny of extant Zoraptera and critically re-evaluated their morphological characters in order to propose a natural infraordinal classification. (mdpi.com)
In the perspectives an attempt is made to combine molecular structure, population dynamics, and phylogeny in modeling evolution. (medworm.com)
First of all I am interested in the molecular phylogeny of and character evolution within Dinophysales. (senckenberg.de)
HOPPENRATH, M., CHOMÉRAT, N. & LEANDER, B.S. (2013): Molecular phylogeny of Sinophysis: Evaluating the possible early evolutionary history of dinophysoid dinoflagellates. (senckenberg.de)
Clayton, MN 1999, ' A critical evaluation of pre-molecular approaches to brown algal phylogeny ', XVI International Botanical Congress, Lawrence Kansas USA, 1/08/99 - 7/08/99 pp. 115 - 115. (monash.edu)
Phylogeny and molecular taxonomy of the Bacillus subtilis species complex and description of Bacillus subtilis subsp. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Phylogeny -- Molecular aspects. (amnh.org)
2008). Molecular systematics of South American dolphins Sotalia: sister taxa determination and phylogenetic relationships, with insights into a multi-locus phylogeny of the Delphinidae . (oregonstate.edu)
Furthermore, the fast processing speed of molecular techniques may revolutionize the ability to identify the phylogeny and concentration of bioaerosols. (cdc.gov)
Molecular Phylogeny Proves Evolution is False. (blueprintsforliving.com)
Title: Morphology, molecular phylogeny, and taxonomic inconsistencies in the study of Bradypus sloths (Pilosa: Bradypodidae) Link: http://jmammal.oxfordjournals.org/content/92/1/86.abstract Reference: de Moraes Barros, N., Silva, J.A. and Morgante, J.S., 2011. (slothconservation.org)
Phylogeny was inferred with the BEAST v1.4.8 package ( 11 ) under assumption of a relaxed lognormal molecular clock and general time reversible substitution model with gamma-distributed substitution rate variation among sites. (cdc.gov)

Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. (eol.org)

I. The phylogeny and classification of the Ephemeroptera, with a study of flight mechanics and evolution of their wings. (umass.edu)
Topics covered: phylogeny, classification, and forensics using DNA analysis. (who.int)
2012) HPV16 genetic variants: phylogeny and classification based on E6 and LCR. (who.int)

Fig. 2: Genome-based taxonomy and phylogeny of rumen ciliates. (nature.com)

We combined the phylogeny with species occurrence data to estimate phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism across Norway, using a spatial randomization to judge statistical significance. (datadryad.org)
The Norway native flora phylogeny (Newick format) relating 1238 study species. (datadryad.org)
To test the presence of WGDs on a species phylogeny, I will present two methods which do not require synteny information and build strength from the phylogenetic framework. (univ-lyon1.fr)

Phylogeny and population dynamics of RNA provide complementary insights into evolution and the interplay between the two concepts will be pursued throughout this chapter. (medworm.com)
We elaborate on the state of the art in modeling both phylogeny and evolution of RNA driven by reproduction and mutation. (medworm.com)
Much remains unknown of the phylogeny and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an organism that kills 2 million people annually. (cdc.gov)
gene repertoire, phylogeny and evolution. (medlineplus.gov)

On the basis of genetic differences, in comparison with Usutu virus strains from Africa, the Usutu virus strain from Europe, except those from Spain, form a distinct clade within Usutu virus phylogeny. (cdc.gov)

Methods: We produced a multi-locus Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny using a combination of newly produced DNA sequences from herbarium specimens and sequences available from public repositories. (datadryad.org)

PhyML is a phylogeny software based on the maximum-likelihood principle. (nih.gov)
A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. (nih.gov)

British Library EThOS: Phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of Ceiba Mill. (bl.uk)

Kaila, L. 2004: Phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an exemplar approach. (wikimedia.org)

Send sequences to Phylogeny.fr Web site in order to generate a phylogenetic tree. (inra.fr)

We recovered a highly-resolved phylogeny with two main clades representing major evolutionary lineages in Zoraptera, for which we propose family ranks. (mdpi.com)
A whole genome-based phylogeny showed two distinct clades, one associated with chelonians and one associated with lizards. (uu.nl)

Phage diversity, genomics and phylogeny. (cdc.gov)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing and phylogeny of Pythium insidiosum clinical isolates in Thailand. (who.int)
Pannanusorn S, Chaiprasert A, Prariyachatigul C, Krajaejun T, Vanittanakom N, Chindamporn A, Wanachiwanawin W, Satapatayavong B. Random amplified polymorphic DNA typing and phylogeny of Pythium insidiosum clinical isolates in Thailand. (who.int)

2021. Total‐evidence backbone phylogeny of Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). (morphobank.org)

The YFV Uganda 2016 strain envelope sequence was aligned with reference YFV genomes by using MAFFT through the EMBL-EBI server ( http://www.ebi.ac.uk ), and phylogenies were generated with BEAST 1.8.4 ( 9 ), as previously described ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Phylogeny-Aware Analysis of Metagenome Community Ecology Based on Matched Reference Genomes while Bypassing Taxonomy. (bvsalud.org)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Stümpel, Nikolaus, Joger, Ulrich (2009): Recent advances in phylogeny and taxonomy of Near and Middle Eastern Vipers - an update. (gbif.org)
The OGU method advances current read-based metagenomics in two dimensions (i) providing maximal resolution of community composition and (ii) permitting use of phylogeny -aware tools. (bvsalud.org)

A skull of the oldest described argyrolagid, Proargyrolagus bolivianus (late Oligocene of the Salla Beds, Bolivia) allows an assessment of the phylogeny of this group and a reconstruction of its paleobiology. (eurekamag.com)

2016) developed a random sampling procedure from priors to calibrate a BPP phylogeny to geological time. (github.io)

Cardinal S, Straka J. & Danforth BN (2010): Comprehensive phylogeny of apid bees reveals the evolutionary origins and antiquity of cleptoparasitism. (cuni.cz)

A subset of 111 loci was used to generate a dated phylogeny based on penalised likelihood analysis using the fossil flower of Eriotheca prima from the middle to late Eocene as a primary calibration. (bl.uk)

This lends a special importance to every fossil discovery that can contribute to clarifying the phylogeny of the sea turtles ," explains the turtle expert from Columbia. (phys.org)

data response and strategies to reduce the burden of COVID-19 analysis and phylogeny, including the construction of (3) . (who.int)

then we present our first attempt at reconstructing the phylogeny of Bovidae based on behavioural data taken from the literature. (uni-muenchen.de)
Second, we describe a new test to assess the support of the data for internal branches of a phylogeny. (nih.gov)
We tested these hypotheses with a phylogeny representing the largest data set to date, nearly 4 kb of nucleotides from COI, EF-1α, CAD, ArgK, 28S, and 200 scolytine taxa. (uib.no)

Evolutionary modeling offers some corroboration, although the level of support varies by phylogeny and model used. (biomedcentral.com)
Using the lemur phylogeny and divergence dates generated by Kistler and colleagues, RPANDA and TESS offer moderate support for the occurrence of unusual extinction at or near the Eocene-Oligocene (E-O) boundary (34 Ma). (biomedcentral.com)

The four buttons below are used throughout the phylogeny wing, and are displayed in the same order wherever they occur. (berkeley.edu)

Using the lemur phylogeny and divergence dates generated by Herrera & Dàvalos, evidence for large-scale extinction diminishes and its most likely timing shifts to before 40 Ma, which fails to conform to global expectations. (biomedcentral.com)

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (2009). (wikipedia.org)

The Phylogeny Wing is the largest of our museum's on-line exhibit halls, with more than 235 individual exhibits, many with multiple pages. (berkeley.edu)

The well resolved and sampled NGS phylogenies showed a similar pattern of geographical and ecological structure as inferred using ITS. (bl.uk)

Anatomy5

Organisms59

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science10

Health Care6

Geographicals7

A novel genetic screen for snRNP assembly factors in yeast identifies a conserved protein, Sad1p, also required for pre-mRNA splicing. (1/52004)

The nuclear receptor superfamily has undergone extensive proliferation and diversification in nematodes. (2/52004)

Isolation of zebrafish gdf7 and comparative genetic mapping of genes belonging to the growth/differentiation factor 5, 6, 7 subgroup of the TGF-beta superfamily. (3/52004)

Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants. (4/52004)

Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. (5/52004)

Three receptor genes for plasminogen related growth factors in the genome of the puffer fish Fugu rubripes. (6/52004)

Cloning, molecular analysis and differential cell localisation of the p36 RACK analogue antigen from the parasite protozoon Crithidia fasciculata. (7/52004)

Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a lindane-degrading bacterium. (8/52004)

Phylogeny

Evolution, Molecular

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Biological Evolution

Likelihood Functions

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA, Mitochondrial

Species Specificity

Sequence Alignment

Bayes Theorem

Fossils

DNA, Ribosomal Spacer

DNA, Ribosomal

Genetic Speciation

Models, Genetic

RNA, Ribosomal, 18S

Genetic Variation

DNA, Chloroplast

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Phylogeography

RNA, Ribosomal, 28S

Genome, Mitochondrial

Base Sequence

Classification

Gene Transfer, Horizontal

Mammals

Angiosperms

Genes, Mitochondrial

Geography

Gymnosperms

Invertebrates

DNA, Plant

Plastids

Arthropods

RNA, Ribosomal

Primates

Multigene Family

Biodiversity

Gene Duplication

Eukaryota

Genome

Genome, Bacterial

Birds

Vertebrates

Genes, rRNA

Extinction, Biological

Amino Acid Sequence

Computational Biology

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Symbiosis

Plants

Cluster Analysis

Genomics

Ascomycota

Anthocerotophyta

Algorithms

Strepsirhini

Archaea

Ecosystem

DNA, Bacterial

Bacteria

Peptide Elongation Factor 1

Platyhelminths

DNA, Fungal

Software

Sequence Homology

Gene Order

Cetacea

Fishes

Genes, Archaeal

Lizards

Rhodophyta

Ciliophora

Paleontology

DNA, Intergenic

Insects

Hominidae

Fungi

Genes, Chloroplast

RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S