Phycocyanin
Phycobilisomes
Phycoerythrin
Phycobilins
Cyanobacteria
Bile Pigments
Rhodophyta
Tetrapyrroles
Urobilin
Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes
Porphyra
Eukaryota
Biliverdine
Synechococcus
Cryptophyta
Plant Proteins
Lyases
Microcystis
Spirulina
Chlorophyll
Microcystins
Macromolecular Substances
Photosynthesis
Organoids
Spectrophotometry
Crystal structure of C-phycocyanin from Cyanidium caldarium provides a new perspective on phycobilisome assembly. (1/288)
The crystal structure of the light-harvesting protein phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Cyanidium caldarium with novel crystal packing has been solved at 1.65-A resolution. The structure has been refined to an R value of 18.3% with excellent backbone and side-chain stereochemical parameters. In crystals of phycocyanin used in this study, the hexamers are offset rather than aligned as in other phycocyanins that have been crystallized to date. Analysis of this crystal's unique packing leads to a proposal for phycobilisome assembly in vivo and for a more prominent role for chromophore beta-155. This new role assigned to chromophore beta-155 in phycocyanin sheds light on the numerical relationships among and function of external chromophores found in phycoerythrins and phycoerythrocyanins. (+info)Crystal structure of allophycocyanin from red algae Porphyra yezoensis at 2.2-A resolution. (2/288)
The crystal structure of allophycocyanin from red algae Porphyra yezoensis (APC-PY) at 2.2-A resolution has been determined by the molecular replacement method. The crystal belongs to space group R32 with cell parameters a = b = 105.3 A, c = 189.4 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees. After several cycles of refinement using program X-PLOR and model building based on the electron density map, the crystallographic R-factor converged to 19.3% (R-free factor is 26.9%) in the range of 10.0 to 2.2 A. The r.m.s. deviations of bond length and angles are 0.015 A and 2.9 degrees, respectively. In the crystal, two APC-PY trimers associate face to face into a hexamer. The assembly of two trimers within the hexamer is similar to that of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) hexamers, but the assembly tightness of the two trimers to the hexamer is not so high as that in C-PC and R-PE hexamers. The chromophore-protein interactions and possible pathway of energy transfer were discussed. Phycocyanobilin 1alpha84 of APC-PY forms 5 hydrogen bonds with 3 residues in subunit 2beta of another monomer. In R-PE and C-PC, chromophore 1alpha84 only forms 1 hydrogen bond with 2beta77 residue in subunit 2beta. This result may support and explain great spectrum difference exists between APC trimer and monomer. (+info)Localization and function of ferredoxin:NADP(+) reductase bound to the phycobilisomes of Synechocystis. (3/288)
Each phycobilisome complex of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 binds approximately 2.4 copies of ferredoxin:NADP(+) reductase (FNR). A mutant of this strain that carries an N-terminally truncated version of the petH gene, lacking the 9 kDa domain of FNR that is homologous to the phycocyanin-associated linker polypeptide CpcD, assembles phycobilisome complexes that do not contain FNR. Phycobilisome complexes, consisting of the allophycocyanin core and only the core-proximal phycocyanin hexamers from mutant R20, do contain a full complement of FNR. Therefore, the binding site of FNR in the phycobilisomes is not the core-distal binding site that is occupied by CpcD, but in the core-proximal phycocyanin hexamer. Phycobilisome complexes of a mutant expressing a fusion protein of the N-terminal domain of FNR and green fluorescent protein (GFP) contain this fusion protein in tightly bound form. Calculations of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) characteristics between GFP and acceptors in the phycobilisome complex indicate that their donor-acceptor distance is between 3 and 7 nm. Fluorescence spectroscopy at 77K and measurements in intact cells of accumulated levels of P700(+) indicate that the presence of FNR in the phycobilisome complexes does not influence the distribution of excitation energy of phycobilisome-absorbed light between photosystem II and photosystem I, and also does not affect the occurrence of 'light-state transitions'. (+info)Photodynamic DNA damage induced by phycocyanin and its repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (4/288)
In the present study, we analyzed DNA damage induced by phycocyanin (PHY) in the presence of visible light (VL) using a set of repair endonucleases purified from Escherichia coli. We demonstrated that the profile of DNA damage induced by PHY is clearly different from that induced by molecules that exert deleterious effects on DNA involving solely singlet oxygen as reactive species. Most of PHY-induced lesions are single strand breaks and, to a lesser extent, base oxidized sites, which are recognized by Nth, Nfo and Fpg enzymes. High pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection revealed that PHY photosensitization did not induce 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) at detectable levels. DNA repair after PHY photosensitization was also investigated. Plasmid DNA damaged by PHY photosensitization was used to transform a series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair mutants. The results revealed that plasmid survival was greatly reduced in rad14 mutants, while the ogg1 mutation did not modify the plasmid survival when compared to that in the wild type. Furthermore, plasmid survival in the ogg1 rad14 double mutant was not different from that in the rad14 single mutant. The results reported here indicate that lethal lesions induced by PHY plus VL are repaired differently by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Moreover, nucleotide excision repair seems to play a major role in the recognition and repair of these lesions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (+info)Fluorescence polarization studies on four biliproteins and a bilin model for phycoerythrin 545. (5/288)
Fluorescence (excitation) polarization spectroscopy in the wavelength region of the bilin chromophores was applied to phycoerythrocyanin (CV-phycocyanin), phycocyanins 645 and 612, and phycoerythrin 545. The cryptomonad biliproteins - phycoerythrin 545 and phycocyanins 612 and 645 - were studied as both protein dimers having an alpha(2)beta(2) polypeptide structure and as alphabeta monomers. The cyanobacterial phycoerythrocyanin (CV-phycocyanin) was a trimeric oligomer. The changes in polarization across the spectrum were attributed to transfers of energy between bilins. Cryptomonad biliproteins are isolated as dimers. The similarities between their steady-state fluorescence polarization spectra and those of the corresponding monomers suggested that the monomers' conformations were analogous to the dimers. This supports the use of monomers in the study of dimer bilin organization. The unusual polarization spectrum of phycoerythrin 545 was explained using a model for the topography of its bilins. Obtaining the emission spectra of phycoerythrin 545 at several temperatures and a deconvolution of the dimer circular dichroism spectrum also successfully tested the bilin model. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to determine which polarization changes are formed by Forster resonance energy transfers and which may be produced by internal conversions between high- and low-energy states of pairs of exciton-coupled bilins. Attempts were made to assign energy transfer events to the corresponding changes in fluorescence polarization for each of the four biliproteins. (+info)Molecular structure, localization and function of biliproteins in the chlorophyll a/d containing oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote Acaryochloris marina. (6/288)
We investigated the localization, structure and function of the biliproteins of the oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote Acaryochloris marina, the sole organism known to date that contains chlorophyll d as the predominant photosynthetic pigment. The biliproteins were isolated by means of sucrose gradient centrifugation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Up to six biliprotein subunits in a molecular mass range of 15.5-18.4 kDa were found that cross-reacted with antibodies raised against phycocyanin or allophycocyanin from a red alga. N-Terminal sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of phycocyanin showed high homogeneity to those of cyanobacteria and red algae, but not to those of cryptomonads. As shown by electron microscopy, the native biliprotein aggregates are organized as rod-shaped structures and located on the cytoplasmic side of the thylakoid membranes predominantly in unstacked thylakoid regions. Biochemical and spectroscopic analysis revealed that they consist of four hexameric units, some of which are composed of phycocyanin alone, others of phycocyanin together with allophycocyanin. Spectroscopic analysis of isolated photosynthetic reaction center complexes demonstrated that the biliproteins are physically attached to the photosystem II complexes, transferring light energy to the photosystem II reaction center chlorophyll d with high efficiency. (+info)Effect of levulinic acid on pigment biosynthesis in Agmenellum quadruplicatum. (7/288)
When levulinic acid was added to a growing culture of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6, delta-aminoelevulinic acid accumulated in the medium and chlorophyll a synthesis and cell growth were inhibited, but there was a small amount of c-phycocyanin synthesis. The amount of delta-aminolevulinic acid produced in the treated culture did not fully account for the amount of pigment synthesized in the untreated control. Levulinic acid and either sodium nitrate or ammonium chloride were added to nitrogen-starved cultures of PR-6, and delta-aminolevulinic acid production and chlorophyll a and c-phycocyanin content were monitored. When ammonium chloride was added as a nitrogen source after nitrogen starvation, the cells recovered more rapidly than when sodium nitrate was added as a nitrogen source. In cultures recovering from nitrogen starvation, synthesis of c-phycocyanin occurred before synthesis of chlorophyll a. (+info)Characterization of the transient species generated by the photoexcitation of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis: a laser photolysis and pulse radiolysis study. (8/288)
Nanosecond laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis were used to generate and characterize the triplet state and cation radical of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis. The transient absorption spectra of C-PC were measured from direct excitation and acetone sensitization in aqueous solution at room temperature by KrF (248 nm) laser flash photolysis. Laser-induced transient species have been characterized by the method of acetone sensitization and one-electron oxidation. In nitrous oxide-saturated phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.0) of C-PC, the produced intermediates are assigned to the excited triplet state and the radical cation. Using acetone as photosensitizer, the C-PC excited triplet states produced via triplet-triplet energy transfer and the C-PC radical cation from electron transfer reaction were further confirmed. Furthermore, the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined. To our knowledge, the transient absorption spectra of C-PC have been reported for the first time. (+info)Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex found in cyanobacteria and some types of algae, such as Spirulina. It belongs to the family of phycobiliproteins and plays a crucial role in the light-harvesting process during photosynthesis. Phycocyanin absorbs light in the orange and red regions of the visible spectrum and transfers the energy to chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis. It has been studied for its potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and potential therapeutic uses.
Phycobilisomes are large, complex pigment-protein structures found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of red algae and glaucophytes. They function as light-harvesting antennae, capturing light energy and transferring it to the photosynthetic reaction centers. Phycobilisomes are composed of phycobiliproteins, which are bound together in a highly organized manner to form rod-like structures called phycobil rods. These rods are attached to a central core structure called the phycobilisome core. The different types of phycobiliproteins absorb light at different wavelengths, allowing the organism to efficiently utilize available sunlight for photosynthesis.
Phycoerythrin is not a medical term, but a term used in biochemistry and cell biology. It refers to a type of protein found in certain algae and cyanobacteria that binds phycobilins, which are linear tetrapyrrole chromophores. Phycoerythrin is a light-harvesting pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers it to the photosynthetic reaction centers. It is often used in research and clinical settings as a fluorescent label for various applications, such as flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and microscopy.
Biological pigments are substances produced by living organisms that absorb certain wavelengths of light and reflect others, resulting in the perception of color. These pigments play crucial roles in various biological processes such as photosynthesis, vision, and protection against harmful radiation. Some examples of biological pigments include melanin, hemoglobin, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and flavonoids.
Melanin is a pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes in animals, including humans. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that contains a porphyrin ring with an iron atom at its center, which gives blood its red color and facilitates oxygen transport. Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in plants, algae, and some bacteria that absorbs light during photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Carotenoids are orange, yellow, or red pigments found in fruits, vegetables, and some animals that protect against oxidative stress and help maintain membrane fluidity. Flavonoids are a class of plant pigments with antioxidant properties that have been linked to various health benefits.
Phycobilins are linear tetrapyrrole chromophores found in cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophytes. They are the light-harvesting pigments associated with phycobiliproteins in the phycobilisome complex, which is a type of antenna system used to capture light for photosynthesis. The main types of phycobilins are phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin, and allophycocyanobilin. These pigments absorb light in the blue-green to red region of the electromagnetic spectrum and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a for use in photosynthesis. Phycobilins are also used as fluorescent labels in various biochemical and medical research applications.
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a type of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, similar to plants. They can produce oxygen and contain chlorophyll a, which gives them a greenish color. Some species of cyanobacteria can produce toxins that can be harmful to humans and animals if ingested or inhaled. They are found in various aquatic environments such as freshwater lakes, ponds, and oceans, as well as in damp soil and on rocks. Cyanobacteria are important contributors to the Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere and play a significant role in the global carbon cycle.
Bile pigments are the yellow-brown colored end products of hemoglobin breakdown in the liver. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When these cells are broken down, heme (the non-protein part of hemoglobin) is converted into biliverdin, which is then converted into bilirubin. Bilirubin is further metabolized and excreted by the liver as a component of bile, a digestive fluid that helps break down fats in the small intestine.
Under normal conditions, the liver effectively removes and excretes bilirubin from the body through the bile ducts into the small intestine. However, when there is an overproduction of bilirubin or a problem with its elimination, it can accumulate in the blood, leading to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and other symptoms associated with liver dysfunction.
In summary, bile pigments are the waste products formed during the breakdown of hemoglobin, primarily consisting of bilirubin, which is eliminated from the body via the liver and bile ducts.
Rhodophyta, also known as red algae, is a division of simple, multicellular and complex marine algae. These organisms are characterized by their red pigmentation due to the presence of phycobiliproteins, specifically R-phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. They lack flagella and centrioles at any stage of their life cycle. The cell walls of Rhodophyta contain cellulose and various sulphated polysaccharides. Some species have calcium carbonate deposits in their cell walls, which contribute to the formation of coral reefs. Reproduction in these organisms is typically alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte generation. They are an important source of food for many marine animals and have commercial value as well, particularly for the production of agar, carrageenan, and other products used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Tetrapyrroles are a class of organic compounds that contain four pyrrole rings joined together in a macrocyclic structure. They are important in biology because they form the core structure of many essential cofactors and prosthetic groups in proteins, including heme, chlorophyll, and cobalamin (vitamin B12).
Heme is a tetrapyrrole that contains iron and is a crucial component of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells. Chlorophyll is another tetrapyrrole that contains magnesium and plays a vital role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Cobalamin contains cobalt and is essential for DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
Abnormalities in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis can lead to various diseases, such as porphyrias, which are characterized by the accumulation of toxic intermediates in the heme biosynthetic pathway.
Urobilin is a pigment produced in the liver as a byproduct of the breakdown of bilirubin, which is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Some urobilin is excreted through the bile into the intestines, where it can be converted by bacteria into stercobilin, another pigment responsible for the brown color of feces. A portion of the urobilin produced in the liver is reabsorbed into the bloodstream and eventually excreted through the urine, giving it a yellow color. Therefore, urobilin can be detected in both urine and feces.
Light-harvesting protein complexes are specialized structures in photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, that capture and transfer light energy to the reaction centers where the initial chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur. These complexes consist of proteins and pigments (primarily chlorophylls and carotenoids) arranged in a way that allows them to absorb light most efficiently. The absorbed light energy is then converted into electrical charges, which are transferred to the reaction centers for further chemical reactions leading to the production of organic compounds and oxygen. The light-harvesting protein complexes play a crucial role in initiating the process of photosynthesis and optimizing its efficiency by capturing and distributing light energy.
"Porphyria" is not a term that refers to a specific medical condition related to a particular organ or system. Instead, it is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the production of heme, a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells. Heme is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions known as the heme biosynthetic pathway.
Porphyrias are classified into two main types: acute and cutaneous. Acute porphyrias are characterized by neurological symptoms such as abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and psychiatric disturbances. Cutaneous porphyrias, on the other hand, primarily affect the skin, causing photosensitivity, blistering, and scarring.
The term "Porphyria" comes from the name of a genus of algae called Porphyra, which contains porphyrins, the same molecules that accumulate in people with porphyria. However, there is no direct relationship between the algae and the disease.
Food coloring agents, also known as food dyes, are substances that are added to foods and beverages to improve or modify their color. They are typically made from synthetic chemicals, although some are derived from natural sources. Food coloring agents are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies to ensure their safety.
Food coloring agents are used for a variety of reasons, including:
* Making foods look more appealing or attractive
* Restoring the natural color of foods that has been lost during processing
* Helping consumers identify products, such as flavors or varieties of candy
* Ensuring consistency in the color of a product from batch to batch
Some common food coloring agents include:
* Blue 1 (Brilliant Blue)
* Blue 2 (Indigo Carmine)
* Green 3 (Fast Green FCF)
* Red 3 (Erythrosine)
* Red 40 (Allura Red)
* Yellow 5 (Tartrazine)
* Yellow 6 (Sunset Yellow)
It is important to note that some people may be sensitive or allergic to certain food coloring agents and may experience adverse reactions after consuming them. Additionally, there has been some concern about the potential health effects of artificial food dyes, although current research does not support a strong link between their consumption and negative health outcomes in the general population.
Phycobiliproteins are pigment-protein complexes that are found in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and certain types of red algae. They are a part of the phycobilisome, a light-harvesting antenna complex located in the thylakoid membrane of these organisms. Phycobiliproteins play a crucial role in photosynthesis by capturing light energy and transferring it to chlorophylls for conversion into chemical energy.
There are three main types of phycobiliproteins:
1. Phycocyanin: This blue-colored pigment is responsible for the blue-green color of cyanobacteria. It absorbs light in the orange and red regions of the spectrum and emits fluorescence in the green region.
2. Phycoerythrin: This pink or red-colored pigment absorbs light in the blue and green regions of the spectrum and emits fluorescence in the orange and red regions. It is found in both cyanobacteria and red algae.
3. Allophycocyanin: This blue-green pigment absorbs light in the yellow and orange regions of the spectrum and emits fluorescence in the red region. It is found in cyanobacteria and some types of red algae.
Phycobiliproteins have been studied for their potential applications in various fields, including biotechnology, food technology, and medicine. For example, they are used as natural food colorants, fluorescent markers in research and diagnostics, and nutritional supplements with antioxidant properties.
Eukaryota is a domain that consists of organisms whose cells have a true nucleus and complex organelles. This domain includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists. The term "eukaryote" comes from the Greek words "eu," meaning true or good, and "karyon," meaning nut or kernel. In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is housed within a membrane-bound nucleus, and the DNA is organized into chromosomes. This is in contrast to prokaryotic cells, which do not have a true nucleus and have their genetic material dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells. They have many different organelles, including mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, that perform specific functions to support the cell's metabolism and survival. Eukaryotic cells also have a cytoskeleton made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, which provide structure and shape to the cell and allow for movement of organelles and other cellular components.
Eukaryotes are diverse and can be found in many different environments, ranging from single-celled organisms that live in water or soil to multicellular organisms that live on land or in aquatic habitats. Some eukaryotes are unicellular, meaning they consist of a single cell, while others are multicellular, meaning they consist of many cells that work together to form tissues and organs.
In summary, Eukaryota is a domain of organisms whose cells have a true nucleus and complex organelles. This domain includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists, and the eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Biliverdine is a greenish pigment that is a byproduct of the breakdown of heme, which is a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells. It is formed when bilirubin, another byproduct of heme degradation, is reduced in the liver. Biliverdine is then converted back to bilirubin and excreted from the body as part of bile.
Elevated levels of biliverdine in the blood can indicate liver dysfunction or other medical conditions that affect the breakdown of heme. It may also be present in high concentrations in certain types of hemolytic anemia, where there is excessive destruction of red blood cells and subsequent release of large amounts of heme into the circulation.
I apologize for the confusion, but "Synechococcus" is not a medical term. It is a genus of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that are widely distributed in marine and freshwater environments. These microorganisms play a significant role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. They are often studied in the fields of ecology, microbiology, and environmental science. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Cryptophyta is a taxonomic division that refers to a group of unicellular algae called cryptomonads. These organisms are characterized by the presence of unique organelles called ejectisomes, which they use for defense and prey capture. They are also known for having two flagella and distinctive eyespot structures. Cryptophytes are widely distributed in aquatic environments and can be found in both freshwater and marine habitats. Some species are capable of carrying out photosynthesis, while others are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by consuming other organisms. The study of cryptomonads is important for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic cells and their complex organelles.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
A lyase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of various chemical bonds in a molecule, often resulting in the formation of two new molecules. Lyases differ from other types of enzymes, such as hydrolases and oxidoreductases, because they create double bonds or rings as part of their reaction mechanism.
In the context of medical terminology, lyases are not typically discussed on their own, but rather as a type of enzyme that can be involved in various biochemical reactions within the body. For example, certain lyases play a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, among other molecules.
One specific medical application of lyase enzymes is in the diagnosis of certain genetic disorders. For instance, individuals with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) lack the enzyme aldolase B, which is a type of lyase that helps break down fructose in the liver. By measuring the activity of aldolase B in a patient's blood or tissue sample, doctors can diagnose HFI and recommend appropriate dietary restrictions to manage the condition.
Overall, while lyases are not a medical diagnosis or condition themselves, they play important roles in various biochemical processes within the body and can be useful in the diagnosis of certain genetic disorders.
In the context of medical terminology, "light" doesn't have a specific or standardized definition on its own. However, it can be used in various medical terms and phrases. For example, it could refer to:
1. Visible light: The range of electromagnetic radiation that can be detected by the human eye, typically between wavelengths of 400-700 nanometers. This is relevant in fields such as ophthalmology and optometry.
2. Therapeutic use of light: In some therapies, light is used to treat certain conditions. An example is phototherapy, which uses various wavelengths of ultraviolet (UV) or visible light for conditions like newborn jaundice, skin disorders, or seasonal affective disorder.
3. Light anesthesia: A state of reduced consciousness in which the patient remains responsive to verbal commands and physical stimulation. This is different from general anesthesia where the patient is completely unconscious.
4. Pain relief using light: Certain devices like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units have a 'light' setting, indicating lower intensity or frequency of electrical impulses used for pain management.
Without more context, it's hard to provide a precise medical definition of 'light'.
Fluorescence spectrometry is a type of analytical technique used to investigate the fluorescent properties of a sample. It involves the measurement of the intensity of light emitted by a substance when it absorbs light at a specific wavelength and then re-emits it at a longer wavelength. This process, known as fluorescence, occurs because the absorbed energy excites electrons in the molecules of the substance to higher energy states, and when these electrons return to their ground state, they release the excess energy as light.
Fluorescence spectrometry typically measures the emission spectrum of a sample, which is a plot of the intensity of emitted light versus the wavelength of emission. This technique can be used to identify and quantify the presence of specific fluorescent molecules in a sample, as well as to study their photophysical properties.
Fluorescence spectrometry has many applications in fields such as biochemistry, environmental science, and materials science. For example, it can be used to detect and measure the concentration of pollutants in water samples, to analyze the composition of complex biological mixtures, or to study the properties of fluorescent nanomaterials.
"Microcystis" is not a medical term, but a genus of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) commonly found in freshwater environments. Some species of Microcystis can produce toxins called microcystins, which can cause liver damage and other health problems in humans and animals when they consume or come into contact with contaminated water. Therefore, Microcystis blooms in recreational waters or drinking water sources can pose a public health concern.
Spirulina is not typically considered in medical definitions, as it is a type of blue-green algae that is often used as a dietary supplement or superfood due to its high nutritional content. However, here's a brief description:
Spirulina (Arthrospira spp.) is a filamentous, spiral-shaped, photosynthetic cyanobacterium that grows in warm, alkaline fresh and brackish waters. It is often found in tropical and subtropical lakes with high pH values and high concentrations of carbonate and bicarbonate. Spirulina contains various nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins (including B12), minerals, carotenoids, and antioxidants like phycocyanobilin. It has been used for its potential health benefits, including boosting the immune system, reducing inflammation, supporting cardiovascular health, and providing antioxidant protection. However, it is essential to consult healthcare professionals before starting any dietary supplement regimen, as individual needs and responses may vary.
Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic plants, algae, and some bacteria. It plays an essential role in light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis by absorbing light energy, primarily from the blue and red parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, and converting it into chemical energy to fuel the synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. The structure of chlorophyll includes a porphyrin ring, which binds a central magnesium ion, and a long phytol tail. There are several types of chlorophyll, including chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, which have distinct absorption spectra and slightly different structures. Chlorophyll is crucial for the process of photosynthesis, enabling the conversion of sunlight into chemical energy and the release of oxygen as a byproduct.
Microcystins are a type of toxin produced by certain species of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) that can contaminate freshwater bodies. They are cyclic peptides consisting of seven amino acids, and their structure varies among different microcystin variants. These toxins can have negative effects on the liver and other organs in humans and animals upon exposure through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact with contaminated water. They are a concern for both public health and environmental safety, particularly in relation to drinking water supplies, recreational water use, and aquatic ecosystems.
Macromolecular substances, also known as macromolecules, are large, complex molecules made up of repeating subunits called monomers. These substances are formed through polymerization, a process in which many small molecules combine to form a larger one. Macromolecular substances can be naturally occurring, such as proteins, DNA, and carbohydrates, or synthetic, such as plastics and synthetic fibers.
In the context of medicine, macromolecular substances are often used in the development of drugs and medical devices. For example, some drugs are designed to bind to specific macromolecules in the body, such as proteins or DNA, in order to alter their function and produce a therapeutic effect. Additionally, macromolecular substances may be used in the creation of medical implants, such as artificial joints and heart valves, due to their strength and durability.
It is important for healthcare professionals to have an understanding of macromolecular substances and how they function in the body, as this knowledge can inform the development and use of medical treatments.
Photosynthesis is not strictly a medical term, but it is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for medicine, particularly in understanding energy production in cells and the role of oxygen in sustaining life. Here's a general biological definition:
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose (or sugar), using water and carbon dioxide. This process primarily takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in structures called thylakoids. The overall reaction can be summarized as:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
In this equation, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the reactants, while glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are the products. Photosynthesis has two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane and involve the conversion of light energy into ATP and NADPH, which are used to power the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and involves the synthesis of glucose from CO2 and water using the ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions.
Understanding photosynthesis is crucial for understanding various biological processes, including cellular respiration, plant metabolism, and the global carbon cycle. Additionally, research into artificial photosynthesis has potential applications in renewable energy production and environmental remediation.
Organoids are 3D tissue cultures grown from stem cells that mimic the structure and function of specific organs. They are used in research to study development, disease, and potential treatments. The term "organoid" refers to the fact that these cultures can organize themselves into structures that resemble rudimentary organs, with differentiated cell types arranged in a pattern similar to their counterparts in the body. Organoids can be derived from various sources, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), or adult stem cells, and they provide a valuable tool for studying complex biological processes in a controlled laboratory setting.
Spectrophotometry is a technical analytical method used in the field of medicine and science to measure the amount of light absorbed or transmitted by a substance at specific wavelengths. This technique involves the use of a spectrophotometer, an instrument that measures the intensity of light as it passes through a sample.
In medical applications, spectrophotometry is often used in laboratory settings to analyze various biological samples such as blood, urine, and tissues. For example, it can be used to measure the concentration of specific chemicals or compounds in a sample by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted at specific wavelengths.
In addition, spectrophotometry can also be used to assess the properties of biological tissues, such as their optical density and thickness. This information can be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions, including skin disorders, eye diseases, and cancer.
Overall, spectrophotometry is a valuable tool for medical professionals and researchers seeking to understand the composition and properties of various biological samples and tissues.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Synechocystis" is not a medical term. It is actually a genus of cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae), which are gram-negative bacteria capable of photosynthesis. The most studied species, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, is often used as a model organism in research related to photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and bioenergy.
If you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to define or explain, please let me know!
Phycocyanin
Cyanidiophyceae
Phycocyanobilin
Bacterioplankton
Halymeniales
Gloeomargarita lithophora
Peyssonneliales
Biological pigment
Light-harvesting complex
Synechococcus
Phycoerythrin
Ahnfeltia plicata
Biliprotein
Alexander Glazer
Arthrospira platensis
Phycobilisome
Sammy Boussiba
Cyanothece
Phycoerythrobilin
Phyllophora antarctica
Galdieria partita
Marta Bunster
Planktothrix
Globin
Phycoerythrocyanin
Oscillatoria princeps
Accessory pigment
Cyanobacteria
Hemiselmis
Microbial toxin
Phycocyanin - Wikipedia
4Q70: Light Harvesting Protein Phycocyanin in high resolution using a femtosecond X-Ray laser
Phycocyanin | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Water | Free Full-Text | Factors Affecting the Interpretation of Online Phycocyanin Fluorescence to Manage Cyanobacteria in...
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Blue Majik, Natural Phycocyanin-Rich Extract, E3 Live
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C-Phycocyanin - Marigan
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certificate 100% Natural Phycocyanin Powder Spirulina Powder Feed Grade In Bulk
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Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin Market Size to Reach US$ 50.5 million by 2027
The Secret Ingredient for Better Health: Phycocyanin Spirulina from BINMEI - Techvitty.com
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C Volume 34 Issue 3-4
Characterization and antioxidant activity of selenium-containing phycocyanin isolated from Spirulina platensis - Fingerprint ...
Landsat Next | U.S. Geological Survey
Ambient Lake Monitoring | Iowa DNR
glycosci
Spirulina27
- The product phycocyanin, produced by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Spirulina, is for example used in the food and beverage industry as the natural coloring agent 'Lina Blue' or 'EXBERRY Shade Blue' and is found in sweets and ice cream. (wikipedia.org)
- Along with that, considerable growth of spirulina-based products is a key contribution to the growth of the phycocyanin market. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Spirulina products, including phycocyanin, have emerged as health-beneficial and multi-functional ingredients and are increasingly becoming favorable in various industries. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Increasing skepticism of consumers regarding synthetic colorants and rapidly evolving application possibilities of spirulina have triggered demand for phycocyanin across the world. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Phycocyanin, main pigment in the microalgae Spirulina platensis. (nutritioncompany.eu)
- Phycocyanin is a blue pigment that is only found in certain algae, specifically in cyanobacteria, including the Spirulina family. (nutritioncompany.eu)
- Phycocyanin tablets are refined using the essence of spirulina, phycocyanin. (binmei-color.com)
- Spirulina extract is also called blue Spirulina, and the main component is phycocyanin. (binmei-color.com)
- What makes Spirulina different is the unique phycocyanin in spirulina. (binmei-color.com)
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ is a research innovation introduced by our team of world class researchers who harnessed the power of this wonder molecule from Spirulina platensis , one of the oldest species on this planet. (nutraculture.com)
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ is an important molecule extracted from Spirulina platensis , a 3.6 billion years old known microalgae. (nutraculture.com)
- Online Round bore type: certificate 100% Natural Phycocyanin Powder Spirulina Powder Feed Grade In Bulk Expert.More Choices. (digit-life.com)
- certificate 100% Natural Phycocyanin Powder Spirulina Powder Feed Grade In Bulk Shandong Leader Machinery in Stock & Ready ABEC 1 precision rating: to Ship Now! (digit-life.com)
- Look no further than phycocyanin spirulina from BINMEI . (techvitty.com)
- What is Phycocyanin Spirulina from BINMEI? (techvitty.com)
- Phycocyanin spirulina from BINMEI is a powerful superfood that has many health benefits. (techvitty.com)
- Phycocyanin is a pigment that gives spirulina its blue-green color. (techvitty.com)
- Phycocyanin spirulina can help improve gut health, boost immunity, and increase energy levels. (techvitty.com)
- Phycocyanin spirulina from BINMEI is a powerful ingredient for better health. (techvitty.com)
- Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin is a high-purity form of the natural blue pigment found in certain types of cyanobacteria, particularly Spirulina and some types of blue-green algae. (kikyus.net)
- This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of phycocyanin and biomass production of the microalgae Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis grownin fish effluent. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- MATHYS,A. Time-temperature-resolved functional and structural changes of phycocyanin extracted from Arthrospira platensis/Spirulina. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- CHANG, J. S. Using an innovative pH-stat CO2 feeding strategy to enhance cell growth and C-phycocyanin production from Spirulina platensis. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- LIU, Y.C. Modeling on chlorophyll a and phycocyanin production by Spirulina platensis under various light-emitting diodes. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- CHANG, J. Combining light strategies with recycled medium to enhance the economic feasibility of phycocyanin production with Spirulina platensis. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- The main component of spirulina is called phycocyanin, which is an antioxidant that also gives it its unique blue color. (healthline.com)
- Phycocyanin is the main active compound in spirulina. (healthline.com)
Cyanobacteria11
- Allophycocyanin absorbs and emits at longer wavelengths than phycocyanin C or phycocyanin R. Phycocyanins are found in cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae). (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, fluorescence detection of phycocyanin pigments in water samples is a useful method to monitor cyanobacteria biomass. (wikipedia.org)
- C-phycocyanin is often found in cyanobacteria which thrive around hot springs, as it can be stable up to around 70 °C, with identical spectroscopic (light absorbing) behaviours at 20 and 70 °C. Thermophiles contain slightly different amino acid sequences making it stable under these higher conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- R-PC II is said to be the first PEB containing phycocyanin that originates in cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Phycocyanin is produced by many photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Even if cyanobacteria have large concentrations of phycocyanin, productivity in the ocean is still limited due to light conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- Phycocyanin has ecological significance in indicating cyanobacteria bloom. (wikipedia.org)
- In cyanobacteria, few details are known of the mechanisms through which the expression of the light-harvesting pigment c-phycocyanin is regulated. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- Phycocyanin denotes a photosynthetic pigment discovered in Rhodophyta and cyanobacteria, which has been used in medical, industrial, and agricultural applications. (um.edu.my)
- In general, phycocyanin production by cyanobacteria depends on many environmental conditions, mainly light during the cultivation period. (um.edu.my)
- Cyanobacteria density, measured by phycocyanin, did not demonstrate increased growth with the addition of phosphate fertilizer alone. (cdc.gov)
Phycoerythrin2
- Phycocyanin is a pigment-protein complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin. (wikipedia.org)
- Rods can be composed of three different phycobiliproteins: phycocyanin (PC, λ max = 617 nm) is located proximal to the core, whereas phycoerythrin (PE, λ max = 560 nm) and phycoerythrocyanin (PEC, λ max = 575 nm) are located distal to the core [ 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Platensis3
- In the present study, a 419 bp upstream sequence of the phycocyanin b subunit ( cpcB ) gene from Arthrospira platensis FACHB341 was fused with green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) gene, and a heterologous reporting system was built up to investigate the influence of light intensity on the expression of gfp gene, and the regulation function of different region of the upstream sequence of cpcB gene. (ejbiotechnology.info)
- Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble blue pigment-protein primarily harvested from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis. (ed.ac.uk)
- MATHYS, A. Biphasic short time heat degradation of the blue microalgae protein phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
Allophycocyanin1
- Accessory pigments include phycocyanin, phycoeythrin and allophycocyanin 3. (neetprep.com)
Pigments1
- Phycocyanins are water-soluble proteins that work as accessory pigments and have several properties, such as immunostimulant action, cholesterol reducing effect, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant effects, among other uses. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
Oxidative stress3
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ induces apoptosis in the existing and proliferating cancer cells and being a natural antioxidant, it also helps getting rid of any cancer promoting oxidative stress. (nutraculture.com)
- Antioxidant Properties: Phycocyanin is known to possess potent antioxidant activity, which means it can help protect cells from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. (kikyus.net)
- Phycocyanin can help fight oxidative stress by blocking the production of molecules that promote inflammation and providing impressive antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. (healthline.com)
Anti-inflammatory properties3
- Anti-inflammatory effects: Phycocyanin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. (live-live.com)
- Phycocyanin is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and has been studied for its potential health benefits. (kikyus.net)
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Research has suggested that phycocyanin may have anti-inflammatory properties, which could make it useful in managing various inflammatory conditions. (kikyus.net)
Chlorophyll2
- Excitation energy transfer from phycocyanin to chlorophyll in an apcA-defective mutant of Synechocystis sp. (harvard.edu)
- PERIOD OF RECORD - Continuous Water Quality: water temperature and relative fluorescence of chlorophyll and phycocyanin, Jul 2020 - Sep 2021. (usgs.gov)
Synechocystis6
- Complementation of a phycocyanin-bilin lyase from Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Finally, our results indicate that the phycocyanin-β155-bilin lyase of Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our data show that the loss of phycocyanin-lyase function causes pleiotropic effects in Synechocystis sp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. (ed.ac.uk)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Pilot scale production, extraction and purification of a thermostable phycocyanin from Synechocystis sp. (ed.ac.uk)
- Promoting Heme and Phycocyanin Biosynthesis in Synechocystis sp. (bvsalud.org)
Fluorescence4
- Phycocyanin is a characteristic light blue color, absorbing orange and red light, particularly near 620 nm (depending on which specific type it is), and emits fluorescence at about 650 nm (also depending on which type it is). (wikipedia.org)
- The fluorescence emission maximum of R-phycocyanin is 646 nm. (wikipedia.org)
- Recently, in situ YSI EXO2 phycocyanin fluorescence probes have been widely deployed as a means to determine cyanobacterial abundance in drinking water sources, yet few studies have evaluated the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) and the ambient water temperature on the probe readings. (mdpi.com)
- The impact of temperature on phycocyanin fluorescence was evaluated by monitoring the laboratory cultivated cyanobacterial species and extracted phycocyanin pigment. (mdpi.com)
Induces apoptosis2
- The recombinant beta subunit of C-phycocyanin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. (harvard.edu)
- It is established that Phycocyanin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Bcl-2 is an anti apoptotic protein, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax represents the degree of apoptosis) and the release of Cyt-c in the cytosol (Lu et. (nutraculture.com)
Algae2
- Growing Interest in Natural and Plant-Based Ingredients: As consumers become more health-conscious and seek natural and plant-based solutions for health and wellness, there could be increased demand for pharmaceutical-grade ingredients like Phycocyanin derived from algae. (kikyus.net)
- Industry Collaboration and Partnerships: Collaborations between pharmaceutical companies, nutraceutical manufacturers, research institutions, and algae cultivation companies could lead to the development of innovative products and formulations containing Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin. (kikyus.net)
Powder1
- Parry Nutraceuticals offers a range of organic and conventional phycocyanin powder products, specially formulated to be used as food colorants, additives, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
20212
- From 2017 to 2021, phycocyanin sales registered a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.1% . (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- The global pharmaceutical grade phycocyanin market size is expected to grow from USD 33.0 million in 2020 to USD 50.5 million by 2027, at a CAGR of 6.3% from 2021 to 2027. (bumppy.com)
Antioxidant properties1
- Powerful antioxidant activity: Phycocyanin is known for its strong antioxidant properties. (live-live.com)
Microalgae1
- Major manufacturers of phycocyanin are adopting strategies such as offering value-added natural products derived from microalgae, product portfolio expansion, quality enhancement, and others. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Cyanobacterium3
- The goal of this research was to see how various light intensities of 47, 52, as well as 60 µmol m -2 s -1 , affected the Phycocyanin production of cyanobacterium Limnospira fusiformis cultured in Zarrouk medium with a maximum temperature of 28°C. The outcomes revealed that with mild light intensity (52 µmol m -2 s -1 ), increased phycocyanin production of 11.94 ng/mg took place. (um.edu.my)
- In this study, high phycocyanin production by cyanobacterium Limnospira fusiformis occurred in mild light intensity (52 µmol m -2 s -1 ). (um.edu.my)
- BARWELL, C. Purification and characterization of phycocyanin from marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
Neuroprotective2
- Various research studies also support strong cytoprotective, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective profile of phycocyanin. (nutraculture.com)
- Neuroprotective Potential: There is some research suggesting that phycocyanin might have neuroprotective properties, which could be relevant in the context of neurological disorders. (kikyus.net)
Synechococcus2
- As an example, the structure of C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus vulcanus has been refined to 1.6 Angstrom resolution. (wikipedia.org)
- R-phycocyanin II (R-PC II) is found in some Synechococcus species. (wikipedia.org)
Aphanizomenon1
- BrainON is a Refractance Window TM dried, concentrated organic E3AFA ( Aphanizomenon flos-aquae ) extract of Phycocyanin and Phenylethylamine (PEA). (e3live.com)
Hepatoprotective1
- Supports liver health: Phycocyanin has hepatoprotective properties, meaning it helps protect and support the liver. (live-live.com)
20231
- As of March 21, 2023, there are 310 crystal structures of phycocyanin deposited in the Protein Data Bank. (wikipedia.org)
Phycobiliproteins2
- Phycocyanin shares a common structural theme with all phycobiliproteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite the overall similarity in structure and assembly of phycobiliproteins, there is a large diversity in hexamer and rod conformations, even when only considering phycocyanins. (wikipedia.org)
Ingredients1
- Rising consumer preference for food products with healthy ingredients is likely to compel manufacturers to include natural food additives in their products, leading to increased phycocyanin usage as a replacement for synthetic additives. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Protein2
- C-phycocyanin has a single absorption peak at ~621 nm, varying slightly depending on the organism and conditions such as temperature, pH, and protein concentration in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
- Phycocyanin is not only a good protein, but also has many benefits such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation and moisturizing. (binmei-color.com)
Inhibits1
- These results give a good impression that moderate lighting increases phycocyanin production, but high light intensity inhibits it. (um.edu.my)
Concentrations2
- Phycocyanin concentrations were higher for the treatments using modified Venkataraman medium. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
- The purification process by ion exchange chromatography resulted in higher pigment concentrations for the eluted fractions with 0.2 M NaCl for all crude phycocyanin extracts. (brazilianjournals.com.br)
Pharmaceutical5
- Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin Market size See I. (bumppy.com)
- I can provide you with information about Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin up to that point. (kikyus.net)
- I can provide you with some insights into the potential dynamics of the Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin market up to that point. (kikyus.net)
- This trend could drive the demand for Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations. (kikyus.net)
- Depending on the region, Pharmaceutical Grade Phycocyanin may need to meet specific regulatory requirements for safety and efficacy before being used in pharmaceutical or nutraceutical products. (kikyus.net)
Gene1
- This study was designed to examine the constrictive potential of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) in regulating changes imposed on gene expression in the selenite-induced cataract model. (molvis.org)
Supplement2
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ is a natural dietary supplement dedicated to assisting individuals who are undergoing cancer therapies including chemotherapy and radiation. (nutraculture.com)
- Phycox is the only joint supplement that contains phycocyanin, Phycox's signature ingredient for promoting joint health. (healthypets.com)
Descriptor1
- Phycocyanin" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Growth2
- The phycocyanin market is expected to experience significant growth at a CAGR of 7% over the forecast period (2022-2032). (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Which Factors are Contributing to Phycocyanin Market Growth? (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Blue3
- Moreover, phycocyanin is also one of the prominent sources of natural blue color. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Its stunning blue pigment contains both phycocyanin (PC) and non-PC compounds. (live-live.com)
- Experience vitality with Blue Amla Shots, powered by WAH-TORâ„¢ Phycocyanin Collagen Builder . (chosenstore.in)
Consumption1
- In the current times where dissipated lifestyle and other counting factors such as dietary, physical, mental mismanagements, drug administration intoxicifications in the form of chemotherapies and chemical toxicities are adding up to the cumulative risk of cancer occurrence, consumption of Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ is essentially required. (nutraculture.com)
Suggests2
- Potential anticancer properties: Some research suggests that phycocyanin may have anticancer properties. (live-live.com)
- Clinical research suggests that Phycocyanin may support healthy, whole-body inflammation responses. (e3live.com)
Cancer5
- C-Phycocyanin of premium quality is used in the cosmetic industry as a marker for medical cell analyses and in medications for cancer treatments. (marigan.com)
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ is being presented with the essential levels of purity and consistency to combat cancer as well as other related medical complications arising due to cancer onset and to meet the unique needs of cancer prevention attributes. (nutraculture.com)
- Nutracultureâ„¢ Phycocyaninâ„¢ helps fight and revive against cancer and address other similar conditions which may deteriorate the quality of health. (nutraculture.com)
- Phycocyanin is naturally designed to meet the unique needs of cancer prevention attributes and is being presented with the essential levels of purity and consistency. (nutraculture.com)
- Phycocyanin lowers the amount of cyclooxygenase-2 which is up regulated in cancer cells. (nutraculture.com)
Species1
- In this study, Suwannee River NOM was added to laboratory cultivated cyanobacterial species to test the performance of the phycocyanin probe. (mdpi.com)
Production2
- Hansen Holding A/S, Inc. are strategizing toward business expansion for increasing their production capacity of phycocyanin. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- With regard to greater light intensity (60 µmol m -2 s -1 ), the lesser phycocyanin production of 0.57 ng/mg took place. (um.edu.my)
Health benefits2
- Demand for phycocyanin is increasing as it offers health benefits and is a vital component in naturally obtained healthy products to improve the health and well-being of consumers. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- Research and Development: Ongoing research into the various health benefits of Phycocyanin could uncover new potential applications, which might expand its market opportunities. (kikyus.net)
Organic1
- An organic AFA extract of Phenylethylamine (PEA) and Phycocyanin. (e3live.com)
Effects1
- Supports immune function: Phycocyanin has immunomodulatory effects, meaning it can help regulate and strengthen the immune system. (live-live.com)
Main1
- Its main active component is called phycocyanin. (farmberry.com)
Immune1
- Potential Immune Support: Some studies have explored the potential of phycocyanin to modulate the immune system, potentially enhancing immune response. (kikyus.net)
Global2
- Global phycocyanin sales are valued at around US$ 168.8 Mn . (persistencemarketresearch.com)
- The global phycocyanin market is projected to register 7% CAGR and top a valuation of US$ 333 Mn by 2032. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Specific1
- Select an option below (swipe left and right) to only see products containing phycocyanin in a specific category. (supplementdatabase.com)