Phosphoproteins. Medical search

A phosphoprotein that was initially identified as a major target of DOPAMINE activated ADENYLYL CYCLASE in the CORPUS STRIATUM. It regulates the activities of PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE-1 and PROTEIN KINASE A, and it is a key mediator of the biochemical, electrophysiological, transcriptional, and behavioral effects of DOPAMINE.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A group of enzymes removing the SERINE- or THREONINE-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes which have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Monomeric subunits of primarily globular ACTIN and found in the cytoplasmic matrix of almost all cells. They are often associated with microtubules and may play a role in cytoskeletal function and/or mediate movement of the cell or the organelles within the cell.

A family of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins involved in the short-term regulation of NEUROTRANSMITTER release. Synapsin I, the predominant member of this family, links SYNAPTIC VESICLES to ACTIN FILAMENTS in the presynaptic nerve terminal. These interactions are modulated by the reversible PHOSPHORYLATION of synapsin I through various signal transduction pathways. The protein is also a substrate for cAMP- and CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is believed that these functional properties are also shared by synapsin II.

A ubiquitous phosphoprotein that serves as an intracellular substrate for a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. PHOSPHORYLATION of stathmin occurs during CELL CYCLE progression, and stathmin functions as a microtubule-destabilizing protein that promotes MICROTUBULE depolymerization during INTERPHASE and late MITOSIS. Stathmin is expressed at very high levels in a variety of human CANCERS.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The phosphoric acid ester of serine.

The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An egg yolk phosphoglycoprotein which contains about 90% of the yolk protein phosphorus. It is synthesized in the liver of the hen and transferred to the developing oocyte, where it is bound to lipoproteins within the yolk granules.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Proteins found in the microtubules.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabolism and a variety of other biological functions. Cell signaling by osteopontin may occur through a cell adhesion sequence that recognizes INTEGRIN ALPHA-V BETA-3.

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Proteins conjugated with nucleic acids.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The type species of LYSSAVIRUS causing rabies in humans and other animals. Transmission is mostly by animal bites through saliva. The virus is neurotropic multiplying in neurons and myotubes of vertebrates.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that includes RABIES VIRUS and other rabies-like viruses.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

A species in the genus Bornavirus, family BORNAVIRIDAE, causing a rare and usually fatal encephalitic disease in horses and other domestic animals and possibly deer. Its name derives from the city in Saxony where the condition was first described in 1894, but the disease occurs in Europe, N. Africa, and the Near East.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Viral proteins found in either the NUCLEOCAPSID or the viral core (VIRAL CORE PROTEINS).

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. (Thromb Res 1992;67(4):345-54 & Cancer Res 1993;53(2):239-41)

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.

A zinc-binding phosphoprotein that concentrates at focal adhesions and along the actin cytoskeleton. Zyxin has an N-terminal proline-rich domain and three LIM domains in its C-terminal half.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A protein-nucleic acid complex which forms part or all of a virion. It consists of a CAPSID plus enclosed nucleic acid. Depending on the virus, the nucleocapsid may correspond to a naked core or be surrounded by a membranous envelope.

A eukayrotic protein serine-threonine phosphatase subtype that dephosphorylates a wide variety of cellular proteins. The enzyme is comprised of a catalytic subunit and regulatory subunit. Several isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. A large number of proteins have been shown to act as regulatory subunits for this enzyme. Many of the regulatory subunits have additional cellular functions.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

An enzyme that deactivates glycogen phosphorylase a by releasing inorganic phosphate and phosphorylase b, the inactive form. EC 3.1.3.17.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A genus of the family RHABDOVIRIDAE that infects a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. The type species is VESICULAR STOMATITIS INDIANA VIRUS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Amino acids that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.

A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.

A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regulatory subunits. At least two genes encode isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, while several isoforms of regulatory subunits exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. Protein phosphatase 2 acts on a broad variety of cellular proteins and may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling processes.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Proteins associated with the inner surface of the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope. These proteins have been implicated in control of viral transcription and may possibly serve as the "glue" that binds the nucleocapsid to the appropriate membrane site during viral budding from the host cell.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Proteins that regulate the signaling activity of GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They are divided into three categories depending upon whether they stimulate GTPase activity (GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS), inhibit release of GDP; (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE DISSOCIATION INHIBITORS); or exchange GTP for GDP; (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS).

Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A genus in the subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. It contains species that infect and cause potentially fatal disease in a number of host species, including humans.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Compounds of the general formula R-O-R arranged in a ring or crown formation.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A family of bullet-shaped viruses of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, infecting vertebrates, arthropods, protozoa, and plants. Genera include VESICULOVIRUS; LYSSAVIRUS; EPHEMEROVIRUS; NOVIRHABDOVIRUS; Cytorhabdovirus; and Nucleorhabdovirus.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Proteins encoded by a VIRAL GENOME that are produced in the organisms they infect, but not packaged into the VIRUS PARTICLES. Some of these proteins may play roles within the infected cell during VIRUS REPLICATION or act in regulation of virus replication or VIRUS ASSEMBLY.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Predeciduous teeth present at birth. They may be well formed and normal or may represent hornified epithelial structures without roots. They are found on the gingivae over the crest of the ridge and arise from accessory buds of the dental lamina ahead of the deciduous buds or from buds of the accessory dental lamina. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A hereditary disorder occurring in two forms: the complete form (Franceschetti's syndrome) is characterized by antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower lid, micrognathia and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arches, and microtia. It is transmitted as an autosomal trait. The incomplete form (Treacher Collins syndrome) is characterized by the same anomalies in less pronounced degree. It occurs sporadically, but an autosomal dominant mode of transmission is suspected. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.

A genus of ciliate protozoa that is often large enough to be seen by the naked eye. Paramecia are commonly used in genetic, cytological, and other research.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing cattle plague, a disease with high mortality. Sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals of the order Artiodactyla can also be infected.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.

A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A family of low molecular weight proteins that bind ACTIN and control actin polymerization. They are found in eukaryotes and are ubiquitously expressed.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

Src-family kinases that associate with T-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR and phosphorylate a wide variety of intracellular signaling molecules.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.

Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).

A tyrosine-specific protein kinase encoded by the v-src oncogene of ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS. The transforming activity of pp60(v-src) depends on both the lack of a critical carboxy-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation site at position 527, and the attachment of pp60(v-src) to the plasma membrane which is accomplished by myristylation of its N-terminal glycine.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where the virions of most members have hemagglutinin but not neuraminidase activity. All members produce both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. MEASLES VIRUS is the type species.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Regions of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE similarity in the SRC-FAMILY TYROSINE KINASES that fold into specific functional tertiary structures. The SH1 domain is a CATALYTIC DOMAIN. SH2 and SH3 domains are protein interaction domains. SH2 usually binds PHOSPHOTYROSINE-containing proteins and SH3 interacts with CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

Protein domains that are enriched in PROLINE. The cyclical nature of proline causes the peptide bonds it forms to have a limited degree of conformational mobility. Therefore the presence of multiple prolines in close proximity to each other can convey a distinct conformational arrangement to a peptide chain.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha D-glucose 1-phosphate to alpha D-glucose 6-phosphate. EC 5.4.2.2.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A highly glycosylated and sulfated phosphoprotein that is found almost exclusively in mineralized connective tissues. It is an extracellular matrix protein that binds to hydroxyapatite through polyglutamic acid sequences and mediates cell attachment through an RGD sequence.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are antagonists for specific P2Y receptor subtypes.

Endocytosis: EH domains lend a hand. (1/18461)

A number of proteins that have been implicated in endocytosis feature a conserved protein-interaction module known as an EH domain. The three-dimensional structure of an EH domain has recently been solved, and is likely to presage significant advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of endocytosis. (+info)

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (2/18461)

BACKGROUND: The adaptor protein Gads is a Grb2-related protein originally identified on the basis of its interaction with the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the docking protein Shc. Gads protein expression is restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Gads contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which has previously been shown to have a similar binding specificity to that of Grb2. Gads also possesses two SH3 domains, but these have a distinct binding specificity to those of Grb2, as Gads does not bind to known Grb2 SH3 domain targets. Here, we investigated whether Gads is involved in T-cell signaling. RESULTS: We found that Gads is highly expressed in T cells and that the SLP-76 adaptor protein is a major Gads-associated protein in vivo. The constitutive interaction between Gads and SLP-76 was mediated by the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Gads and a 20 amino-acid proline-rich region in SLP-76. Gads also coimmunoprecipitated the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the linker for activated T cells (LAT) adaptor protein following cross-linking of the T-cell receptor; this interaction was mediated by the Gads SH2 domain. Overexpression of Gads and SLP-76 resulted in a synergistic augmentation of T-cell signaling, as measured by activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and this cooperation required a functional Gads SH2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Gads plays an important role in T-cell signaling via its association with SLP-76 and LAT. Gads may promote cross-talk between the LAT and SLP-76 signaling complexes, thereby coupling membrane-proximal events to downstream signaling pathways. (+info)

The splicing factor-associated protein, p32, regulates RNA splicing by inhibiting ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. (3/18461)

The cellular protein p32 was isolated originally as a protein tightly associated with the essential splicing factor ASF/SF2 during its purification from HeLa cells. ASF/SF2 is a member of the SR family of splicing factors, which stimulate constitutive splicing and regulate alternative RNA splicing in a positive or negative fashion, depending on where on the pre-mRNA they bind. Here we present evidence that p32 interacts with ASF/SF2 and SRp30c, another member of the SR protein family. We further show that p32 inhibits ASF/SF2 function as both a splicing enhancer and splicing repressor protein by preventing stable ASF/SF2 interaction with RNA, but p32 does not block SRp30c function. ASF/SF2 is highly phosphorylated in vivo, a modification required for stable RNA binding and protein-protein interaction during spliceosome formation, and this phosphorylation, either through HeLa nuclear extracts or through specific SR protein kinases, is inhibited by p32. Our results suggest that p32 functions as an ASF/SF2 inhibitory factor, regulating ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. These findings place p32 into a new group of proteins that control RNA splicing by sequestering an essential RNA splicing factor into an inhibitory complex. (+info)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/18461)

Stimulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, Met, induces mitogenesis, motility, invasion, and branching tubulogenesis of epithelial and endothelial cell lines in culture. We have previously shown that Gab1 is the major phosphorylated protein following stimulation of the Met receptor in epithelial cells that undergo a morphogenic program in response to HGF. Gab1 is a member of the family of IRS-1-like multisubstrate docking proteins and, like IRS-1, contains an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, in addition to multiple tyrosine residues that are potential binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 or PTB domains. Following stimulation of epithelial cells with HGF, Gab1 associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Met receptor mutants that are impaired in their association with Gab1 fail to induce branching tubulogenesis. Overexpression of Gab1 rescues the Met-dependent tubulogenic response in these cell lines. The ability of Gab1 to promote tubulogenesis is dependent on its pleckstrin homology domain. Whereas the wild-type Gab1 protein is localized to areas of cell-cell contact, a Gab1 protein lacking the pleckstrin homology domain is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Localization of Gab1 to areas of cell-cell contact is inhibited by LY294002, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is required. These data show that Gab1 is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis downstream from the Met receptor and identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Gab1 pleckstrin homology domain as crucial for subcellular localization of Gab1 and biological responses. (+info)

The histone acetylase PCAF is a phorbol-ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF family that confers enhanced interferon responsiveness. (5/18461)

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family bind to the type I interferon (IFN)-responsive element (ISRE) and activate transcription from IFN-inducible genes. To identify cofactors that associate with IRF proteins, DNA affinity binding assays were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from tissue culture cells. The results demonstrated that the endogenous IRFs bound to the ISRE are complexed with the histone acetylases, PCAF, GCN5, and p300/CREB binding protein and that histone acetylase activities are accumulated on the IRF-ISRE complexes. By testing recombinant proteins, we show that PCAF directly binds to some but not all members of the IRF family through distinct domains of the two proteins. This interaction was functionally significant, since transfection of PCAF strongly enhanced IRF-1- and IRF-2-dependent promoter activities. Further studies showed that expression of PCAF and other histone acetylases was markedly induced in U937 cells upon phorbol ester treatment, which led to increased recruitment of PCAF to the IRF-ISRE complexes. Coinciding with the induction of histone acetylases, phorbol ester markedly enhanced IFN-alpha-stimulated gene expression in U937 cells. Supporting the role for PCAF in conferring IFN responsiveness, transfection of PCAF into U937 cells led to a large increase in IFN-alpha-inducible promoter activity. These results demonstrate that PCAF is a phorbol ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF proteins which contributes to the establishment of type I IFN responsiveness. (+info)

Mutations of oncoprotein 18/stathmin identify tubulin-directed regulatory activities distinct from tubulin association. (6/18461)

Oncoprotein 18/stathmin (Op18) is a recently identified phosphorylation-responsive regulator of the microtubule (MT) system. It was originally proposed that Op18 specifically regulates dynamic properties of MTs by associating with tubulin, but it has subsequently been proposed that Op18 acts simply by sequestering of tubulin heterodimers. We have dissected the mechanistic action of Op18 by generation of two distinct classes of mutants. One class has interruptions of the heptad repeats of a potential coiled-coil region of Op18, and the other involves substitution at all four phosphorylation sites with negatively charged Glu residues. Both types of mutation result in Op18 proteins with a limited decrease in tubulin complex formation. However, the MT-destabilizing activities of the coiled-coil mutants are more severely reduced in transfected leukemia cells than those of the Glu-substituted Op18 derivative, providing evidence for tubulin-directed regulatory activities distinct from tubulin complex formation. Analysis of Op18-mediated regulation of tubulin GTPase activity and taxol-promoted tubulin polymerization showed that while wild-type and Glu-substituted Op18 derivatives are active, the coiled-coil mutants are essentially inactive. This suggests that Op18-tubulin contact involves structural motifs that deliver a signal of regulatory importance to the MT system. (+info)

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (7/18461)

Signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR) is essential for B cell function and development. Despite the key role of Syk in BCR signaling, little is known about the mechanism by which Syk transmits downstream effectors. BLNK (B cell LiNKer protein), a substrate for Syk, is now shown to be essential in activating phospholipase C (PLC)gamma 2 and JNK. The BCR-induced PLC gamma 2 activation, but not the JNK activation, was restored by introduction of PLC gamma 2 membrane-associated form into BLNK-deficient B cells. As JNK activation requires both Rac1 and PLC gamma 2, our results suggest that BLNK regulates the Rac1-JNK pathway, in addition to modulating PLC gamma 2 localization. (+info)

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (8/18461)

The phosphorylation of p47phox is widely viewed as an important step in the activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase system. The exact nature of the kinase(s) responsible remains to be elucidated. We show here that such a kinase was detected on neutrophil membranes activated by either PMA or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This enzyme is not intrinsic to the neutrophil membrane and could be eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. The kinase activity was partially purified and was found not to be due to the presence of previously suggested kinases, including protein kinase C isotypes, mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B. Gel filtration and renaturation in substrate gels suggest a molecular mass of between 45 and 51 kDa. The kinase activity was independent of calcium and lipids but was potently inhibited by staurosporine. Treatment with protein phosphatase 2Ac suggested that the kinase was activated by serine/threonine phosphorylation. Phosphopeptide maps indicated that the kinase phosphorylated p47phox on similar sites to those found in vivo. These results indicate that activation of neutrophils by PMA results in the activation of a membrane-associated kinase that may play a part in the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase through its ability to phosphorylate p47phox. (+info)

Phosphoprotein. Res. Advances in Second Messenger and Phosphoprotein Research. 31: 105-11. doi:10.1016/S1040-7952(97)80012-2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate_dehydrogenase_(acetyl-transferring)_kinase

"Systematic Identification of Mitotic Phosphoproteins". Current Biology. 7 (5): 338-48. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00157-6. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Lustig

The genome encodes five proteins: matrix protein M; transmembrane glycoprotein G; nucleoprotein N; phosphoprotein P; and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokola_lyssavirus

This protein acts as an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction: ATP + a protein -> ADP + a phosphoprotein. MYLK4 is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYLK4

Gerber, Isak B.; Laukens, Kris; Witters, Erwin; Dubery, Ian A. (2006). "Lipopolysaccharide-responsive phosphoproteins in ... "Quantitative detection of phosphoproteins by combination of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and phosphospecific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrasodium_tris(bathophenanthroline_disulfonate)ruthenium(II)

Gafken PR, Lampe PD (2006). "Methodologies for characterizing phosphoproteins by mass spectrometry". Cell Communication & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_mass_spectrometry

Gafken PR, Lampe PD (2006). "Methodologies for characterizing phosphoproteins by mass spectrometry". Cell Commun. Adhes. 13 (5- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobaric_tag_for_relative_and_absolute_quantitation

It is a phosphoprotein. Vitellin is a generic name for major of many yolk proteins. Vitellin has been known since the 1930s. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellin

"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130-5. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDX46

"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SFRS6

August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAZ1B

"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130-5. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin_T2

August 2004). "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_O-GlcNAcase

Protein modifications, phospho-proteins. *Scattering of light can be used to measure volume (by forward scatter) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_cytometry

Heuss D, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U (Jun 1998). "Subcellular localization of phosphoprotein B-50 in regenerating muscle. An immuno- ... Benowitz LI, Routtenberg A (1987). "A membrane phosphoprotein associated with neural development, axonal regeneration, ... "Structure of the human gene for the neural phosphoprotein B-50 (GAP-43)". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 19 (4): 293 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAP-43

MPHOSPH6: encoding enzyme M-phase phosphoprotein 6. *MT1X: encoding protein Metallothionein 1X ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_16

ADP + a phosphoprotein. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and a protein, whereas its two products are ADP and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase

Ferrari AC, Seuanez HN, Hanash SM, Atweh GF (July 1990). "A gene that encodes for a leukemia-associated phosphoprotein (p18) ... Labdon JE, Nieves E, Schubart UK (February 1992). "Analysis of phosphoprotein p19 by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. ... Sobel A (August 1991). "Stathmin: a relay phosphoprotein for multiple signal transduction?". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 16 ... Characterization of a ubiquitous, neuron-enriched phosphoprotein (stathmin)". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (7): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stathmin

Hsp27 is a major phosphoprotein during women's contractions. Hsp27 functions in small muscle migrations and appears to serve an ... Hsp20 phosphorylation correlates well with smooth muscle relaxation and is one significant phosphoprotein involved in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_protein

ARPP-21: Cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, 21 kDa. *AZI2: encoding protein 5-azacytidine-induced protein 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_3_(human)

Phosphoprotein Phosphorylation L "Large" protein RNA-dependent RNA polymerase M2-1 - Transcription processivity factor ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus

"Phosphoprotein levels, MAPK activities and NFkappaB expression are affected by fisetin". J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 22 (4): 439- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavonoid

"Oligophosphopeptides of varied structural complexity derived from the egg phosphoprotein, phosvitin". J. Protein Chem. 15 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolk

Phosphorus-32 is widely used for labeling nucleic acids and phosphoproteins. It has the highest emission energy (1.7 MeV) of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity_in_the_life_sciences

... on amino acids, such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine results in the formation of a phosphoprotein, when the ... "Estimating the total number of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteomes". GigaScience. 6: 1-11. doi: ... "Absolute quantification of proteins and phosphoproteins from cell lysates by tandem MS". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (12 ... phosphate group of the phosphoprotein reacts with the -OH group of a Ser, Thr, or Tyr sidechain in an esterification reaction.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylation

Chen, Y; Farmer A A, Chen C F, Jones D C, Chen P L, Lee W H (1996). «BRCA1 is a 220-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein that is ... Yu, Xiaochun; Chini Claudia Christiano Silva, He Miao, Mer Georges, Chen Junjie (2003). «The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein ... BRCA1b are tyrosine phosphoproteins that associate with E2F, cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases». Oncogene. 15 (2): 143-57. ... BRCA1b are tyrosine phosphoproteins that associate with E2F, cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases». Oncogene. 15 (2): 143-57. ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA1

ARPP-19: encoding protein cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19. *C15orf15: encoding protein Probable ribosome biogenesis protein ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_15

"Properties of a phosphoprotein phosphatase from bovine heart with activity on glycogen synthase, phosphorylase, and histone" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoride

"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHCBP1

"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIER1

Source for information on phosphoproteins: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition dictionary. ... phosphoproteins Proteins containing phosphate, other than as nucleic acids (nucleoproteins) or phospholipids (lipoproteins), e. ... phosphoproteins Proteins containing phosphate, other than as nucleic acids (nucleoproteins) or phospholipids (lipoproteins), e. ... www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/phosphoproteins ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/phosphoproteins

Phosphoproteins have been proposed as biomarkers for breast cancer. Protein phosphorylation Keyword - Phosphoprotein ... A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a ... Liquid Biopsy Could Get Boost from Phosphoproteins. 2017 v t e. ... Phosphoproteins in extracellular vesicles as candidate markers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoprotein

Identification of phosphoproteins in Escherichia coli.. Freestone P1, Grant S, Toth I, Norris V. ... and a 17 kDa lipid-stimulated phosphoprotein as nucleotide diphosphate kinase. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7783627

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P69480

stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1. X. laevis. 90.2. 542. NP_001007767.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene summary * * Protein ... PREDICTED: stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1. C. lupus familiaris. 99.5. 542. XP_003353842.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene ... PREDICTED: stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 isoform 3. M. mulatta. 99.6. 545. NP_058017.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * Gene ... PREDICTED: stress-induced-phosphoprotein 1 isoform 1. P. troglodytes. 100.0. 589. NP_006810.1 * Conserved domains (CDD) * * ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/clust.cgi?ORG=Hs&

Phosphoproteomic and global proteomic changes that occur during egg activation were quantified for the oocytes and eggs of Drosophila melanogaster, with normal (control) or perturbed (CanB2, knockdown) calcineurin functions. We discovered broad influences of calcineurin on protein phosphorylation states in maturing oocytes and activating eggs. Our results illuminate the molecular mechanisms through which calcineurin regulates meiosis progression, protein translation, and signaling pathways during this critical developmental transition. ...

https://www.mcponline.org/keyword/phosphoproteins

Dentin phosphoprotein, or phosphophoryn, is one of three proteins formed from dentin sialophosphoprotein and is important in ... Being highly negative, dentin phosphoprotein is able to attract large amounts of calcium. In vitro studies also indicate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentin_phosphoprotein

Application to HeLa Cell Nuclear Phosphoproteins. We applied this strategy to the characterization of phosphoproteins from ... Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Sean A. Beausoleil, Mark Jedrychowski, Daniel Schwartz, ... Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Sean A. Beausoleil, Mark Jedrychowski, Daniel Schwartz, ... Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Sean A. Beausoleil, Mark Jedrychowski, Daniel Schwartz, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/101/33/12130?ijkey=036008c9c6f2402ac240555de3621be50293cc30&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

PhosphoproteinImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures.,/p> ,p>,a href ... tr,Q83623,Q83623_9MONO Phosphoprotein OS=Measles morbillivirus PE=1 SV=1 ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q83623

Cyclic phosphate-exchange mechanisms which involve phosphoproteins, phosphocreatine, and ATP have been proposed to occur during ... BRIEF PROPOSAL COULD THOSE RAPIDLY EXCHANGEABLE PHOSPHOPROTEINS BE POLYPHOSPHATE-PROTEIN COMPLEXES? NORMAN W. GABEL* Phosphates ... the objective of this proposal is the examination of a rational alternative to the structure of high-energy phosphoproteins ... This is the same procedure which is followed in the removal of phosphate from mammalian phosphoproteins [4, 12]. Twenty years ...

https://muse.jhu.edu/article/404585/pdf

... It is incumbent on most of us while experts in neuro-scientific ... Subsequently, a lot more than 4 million toddlers are already https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoprotein_phosphatase brought ...

https://www.dailystrength.org/journals/phosphoprotein-phosphatase-prerequisites-described

... Zhe Wang,1 Jun Cai,1 Mingming Zhang,1 ... L. Chen, W. Li, and L. Zheng, "Detection of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 in renal transplant recipients," Chinese ... J. Yang and D. Wang, "Clinical value of human cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein 65 in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus disease," ... Immunohistochemical staining for protein immediate-early protein (IE1 72) was negative in all cases, while phosphoprotein 65 ( ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/4067685/

isolating phospho-proteins - After stimulating the pathway with EGF, can we still trypsinise or do we have to (Apr/06/2006 ). [ ...

http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/15313.html

PP: Phosphoprotein phosphatase. PP1: Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1. PP2A: Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A. PP2B: Phosphoprotein ... PP2C: Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2C. PPM: Phosphoprotein phosphatase M family. PPP: Phosphoprotein phosphatase P family. RIPP: ... DARPP32: Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein. DSCR1: Down syndrome critical region 1. FKBP: FK506 binding protein. I1 ... Butler, T., et al., Role of serine-threonine phosphoprotein phosphatases in smooth muscle contractility., Am J Physiol, Cell ...

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/biology/rbi-handbook/intracellular-signaling-enzymes-receptors/phosphoprotein-phosphatases-serine-threonine.html

Stable isotope labeling of phosphoproteins for large-scale phosphorylation rate determination. Title. Stable isotope labeling ... DYNAMICS, Phosphoproteins*, Phosphoproteome, Phosphorylation, Post-translational modifications*, Signal Transduction*, turnover ...

http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/publications/stable-isotope-labeling-phosphoproteins-large-scale-phosphorylation-rate-determination

... phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide quantitation assays. Power your research with Pro-Q® Diamond technology, and get results ... Detect phosphoproteins on microarrays The Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide microarray stain directly detects ... Detect phosphoproteins in polyacrylamide gels and blots Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stains are ideal for analysis of ... Quantitate phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides With the EZQ Phosphoprotein and Phosphopeptide Quantitation Kit, you get easy ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/ca/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-gel-electrophoresis/protein-gels/specialized-protein-gels/2d-gel-electrophoresis/2d-analysis-phosphoproteins-phosphopeptides.html

recombinant-human-tau-phospho--protein-ab269019.pdf * Send me a copy of this email ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-tau-phospho--protein-ab269019.html

Golgi phosphoprotein 3Add BLAST. 298. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... sp,Q9CRA5,GOLP3_MOUSE Golgi phosphoprotein 3 OS=Mus musculus OX=10090 GN=Golph3 PE=1 SV=1 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9CRA5

Golgi phosphoprotein 3Add BLAST. 298. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical view. ... "Golgi phosphoprotein 3 determines cell binding properties under dynamic flow by controlling Golgi localization of core 2 N- ... "Golgi phosphoprotein 3 determines cell binding properties under dynamic flow by controlling Golgi localization of core 2 N- ... "Golgi phosphoprotein 3 determines cell binding properties under dynamic flow by controlling Golgi localization of core 2 N- ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9H4A6

Sequential Multiplex Analyte Capturing for Phosphoprotein Profiling. Oliver Poetz, Tanja Henzler, Michael Hartmann, Cornelia ... Sequential Multiplex Analyte Capturing for Phosphoprotein Profiling. Oliver Poetz, Tanja Henzler, Michael Hartmann, Cornelia ... Sequential Multiplex Analyte Capturing for Phosphoprotein Profiling. Oliver Poetz Correspondence email, Tanja Henzler, Michael ... Sequential Multiplex Analyte Capturing for Phosphoprotein Profiling Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/9/11/2474/tab-figures-data

Mouse monoclonal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Phosphoprotein antibody [RSVH102] validated for WB, IP, ELISA, IHC, ICC/IF. ... Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Phosphoprotein is an essential element in the RSV replication complex. It acts as a cofactor ...

https://www.abcam.com/respiratory-syncytial-virus-phosphoprotein-antibody-rsvh102-ab94965.html

... Am J Physiol. 1995 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7762655/?dopt=Abstract

Protein IIIa (Mr 74,000) and protein IIIb (Mr 55,000) are 2 major phosphoproteins found in mammalian brain. It was previously ... Similarities between protein IIIa and protein IIIb, two prominent synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins. MD Browning, CK ... Similarities between protein IIIa and protein IIIb, two prominent synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins ... Similarities between protein IIIa and protein IIIb, two prominent synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/7/3/847

Phosphoprotein Synthesis Kit allows for cotranslational Sep incorporation into a protein by an E. coli strain containing ... Improved reagents for phosphoprotein synthesis from the Rinehart lab are now available and can be found here. ... NOTE - Improved reagents for phosphoprotein synthesis from the Rinehart lab are now available and can be found here. ...

https://www.addgene.org/kits/rinehart-soll-kit/

Structural disorder within paramyxovirus nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins. Johnny Habchi and Sonia Longhi DOI: 10.1039/ ... Investigating intrinsically disordered proteins in paramyxovirus nucleoproteins and phosphoproteins. 27 Oct 2011 ... and phosphoproteins contain disordered regions up to 400 residues long. Using computational approaches they extend these ...

http://blogs.rsc.org/mb/2011/10/27/investigating-intrinsically-disordered-proteins-in-paramyxovirus-nucleoproteins-and-phosphoproteins/

Neurotoxicant-induced phosphoprotein profiles in vivo: temporal delineation and potential sites for regulation.. ... changes in markers of dopamine neuronal integrity as well as differences in the levels of activated phosphoproteins. Two days ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20020944.html

Decreased expression of hepatic signaling phosphoproteins after laparoscopic and hand-Assisted surgery. Background: Minimally- ... membranes were then lysed and the nuclear extracts were analyzed to determine levels of 3 nuclear signaling phosphoproteins. ...

https://www.sages.org/meetings/annual-meeting/abstracts-archive/decreased-expression-of-hepatic-signaling-phosphoproteins-after-laparoscopic-and-hand-assisted-surgery/

Phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), these ancient and important regulatory enzymes are present in all eukaryotic organisms. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0022218

Future assays will multiplex phospho-protein detection with total protein or other phospho species in the same well. Cell cycle ... the ImageXpress Velos System scanning platform and BlueImage cell analysis software has been demonstrated for total and phospho ...

https://www.moleculardevices.com/en/assets/app-note/dd/img/total-and-phospho-protein-detection

The purified phosphoprotein showed a unique NH2 terminus indicating a highly purifi … ... The Mr 10,000 phosphoprotein was purified from photosystem II particles by solubilization of the particles in 5% (w/v) dodecyl ... The Mr 10,000 phosphoprotein was purified from photosystem II particles by solubilization of the particles in 5% (w/v) dodecyl ... The purified phosphoprotein showed a unique NH2 terminus indicating a highly purified polypeptide. The amino acid sequence for ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3947072/?dopt=Abstract

We have identified the Fyn- and SLP-76-associated protein Fyb/SLAP as a new ligand for Ena/ vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) homology 1 (EVH1) domains. (rupress.org)
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), an actin cytoskeletal protein, is expressed in various cell types including renal cells. (asnjournals.org)
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a member of a proline-rich protein family now designated as the ENA/VASP family. (asnjournals.org)
Analysis of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylated at serine 239 (P-VASP) is a useful tool to monitor cGK-I activation in platelets and cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (ahajournals.org)
Recently, Smolenski and colleagues 7 8 provided evidence that analysis of the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at serine 239 (P-VASP) is a useful biomonitor of cGK activity and therefore NO effects in intact cells such as platelets and cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (ahajournals.org)

Protein phosphorylation Keyword - Phosphoprotein Phosphoproteins in extracellular vesicles as candidate markers for breast cancer Cozzone AJ (1988). (wikipedia.org)
Phosphoprotein phosphatases, which hydrolyze the phosphoester bonds of phosphoserines, phosphothreonines or phosphotyrosines, play an essential role in signal transduction and actively contribute to the regulation of protein phosphorylation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stains are ideal for analysis of phosphorylation of a single protein or an entire proteome. (thermofisher.com)
One of these phosphoproteins, synapsin I, by means of changes in its state of phosphorylation, appears to control the fraction of synaptic vesicles available for release and thereby to regulate the efficiency of neurotransmitter release. (sciencemag.org)
Oestradiol increases phosphorylation of a dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (DARPP-32) in female rat brain. (umassmed.edu)
Mating-related stimulation induces phosphorylation of dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 in progestin receptor-containing areas in the female rat brain. (umassmed.edu)
The monoclonal antibody MPM-2 recognizes a subset of M phase phosphoproteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. (biologists.org)
Past studies of norepinephrine-stimulated protein phosphorylation in intact C-6 glioma cells had identified a 58,000 molecular weight, 5.7 isoelectric point protein (58K-5.7) as a cyclic AMP-dependent phosphoprotein and had shown that 58K-5.7 was one of the most abundant proteins of the nuclear fraction. (rupress.org)
To determine the prevalence of phosphorylation in mycoplasmas, we examined the CHAPS-soluble protein fractions of Mycoplasma genitalium and Mycoplasma pneumoniae by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), using a combination of Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein stain and 33 P labeling. (biomedcentral.com)
We identified a total of 24 distinct phosphoproteins, about 3% and 5% of the total protein complement in M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium , respectively, indicating that phosphorylation occurs with prevalence similar to many other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, fourteen of the 24 phosphoproteins we identified (58%) were previously reported as putatively associated with a cytoskeleton-like structure that is present in the mycoplasmas, indicating a potential regulatory role for phosphorylation in this structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group to a protein, can lead to cancer cell formation, and phosphoproteins have been a prime candidate as cancer biomarkers. (clinicalomics.com)

Subsequently, a lot more than 4 million toddlers are already https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoprotein_phosphatase brought to existence using the help of In vitro fertilization worldwide. (dailystrength.org)
Molecular cloning revealed that serine/threonine phosphatases belong to two different families of about a dozen of genes each in mammals: the phosphoprotein phosphatase P (PPP) family includes PP1, PP2A, PP2B, and a few related enzymes, PP4, PP5, PP6 and PP7, while the phosphoprotein phosphatase M family (PPM) includes PP2C and related enzymes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 Is Required for Extracellular Calcium-Induced Keratinocyte Differentiation," BioMed Research International , vol. 2016, Article ID 3062765, 11 pages, 2016. (hindawi.com)
These kits are ideal for measuring phosphatase and kinase activity and for monitoring relative phosphoprotein or phosphopeptide concentrations during chromatography or after IEF fractionation of protein samples. (thermofisher.com)
Moreover, we show that the activity of SnRK2s from group 1 is additionally regulated by okadaic acid-sensitive phosphatase(s) from the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family. (upv.es)
Until now, however, scientists weren't sure identification of phosphoproteins in blood was possible because the liver releases phosphatase enzymes into the bloodstream that dephosphorylate proteins. (clinicalomics.com)

We previously reported that the chimeric CE(NiP) strain, which has the phosphoprotein (P protein) gene from the Nishigahara strain in the genetic background of the Ni-CE strain, causes lethal infection in adult mice, indicating that the P gene is responsible for the different pathogenicities of the Nishigahara and Ni-CE strains. (asm.org)
Regulatory subunit (CNB1 gene product) of yeast Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatases is required for adaptation to pheromone. (asm.org)
Frame, M.C. , McGeoch, D.J. , Rixon, F.J. , Orr, A.C. and Marsden, H.S. (1986) The 10K virion phosphoprotein encoded by gene US9 from herpes simplex virus type 1. (gla.ac.uk)
Leicester Research Archive: Characterization of the human secreted phosphoprotein 24 gene (SPP2) and comparison of the protein sequence in nine species. (le.ac.uk)
Characterization of the human secreted phosphoprotein 24 gene (SPP2) and comparison of the protein sequence in nine species. (le.ac.uk)
RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. (ijbs.com)

Your search returned 17 acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A ELISA ELISA Kit across 4 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 21 acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member C ELISA ELISA Kit across 2 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

It is well established that clade A phosphoprotein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs) are negative regulators of ABA-activated SnRK2s, whereas regulators of SnRK2s from group 1 remain unidentified. (upv.es)

Identification of phosphoproteins in Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)

DARPP-32 (dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein, relative molecular mass 32,000) is a cytosolic protein highly enriched in medium-sized spiny neurons of the neostriatum (1). (creativebiomart.net)

As a highly conserved protein of the Golgi apparatus, Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis of HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Sun, Zhi-Jun 2018-05-31 00:00:00 ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and explore the clinical significance of GOLPH2 in OSCC.MethodsTissue microarrays from human OSCC samples were stained for GOLPH2 expression and clinicopathologic features. (deepdyve.com)

Dentin phosphoprotein, or phosphophoryn, is one of three proteins formed from dentin sialophosphoprotein and is important in the regulation of mineralization of dentin. (wikipedia.org)
Being highly negative, dentin phosphoprotein is able to attract large amounts of calcium. (wikipedia.org)
Lee, S. L.: Calcium ion binding and conformational properties of bovine dentin phosphoprotein and related synthetic polyamino acids. (springer.com)

The Phosphoprotein Enrichment Kit provides a rapid and specific IMAC-based procedure for isolating phosphorylated proteins from mammalian cells and tissues. (clontech.com)

Pre-tRNAs and other nascent transcripts synthesized by RNA polymerase III are bound at their 3′ ends at the sequence motif UUU OH [3′ oligo(U)] by the La antigen, a conserved phosphoprotein whose role in RNA processing has been associated previously with 3′-end maturation only. (asm.org)
Also known as Acidic phosphoprotein (50 kDa antigen). (mybiosource.com)

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein with the domain 1-419aa expressed in HEK-293 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 28769-1-AP (2019-nCOV nucleocapsid phosphoprotein antibody) at dilution of 1:1000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein Antibody (28769-1-AP) tested by ELISA.SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein was coated onto microtiter plates at 0.15 µg/well and then incubated with a dilution series of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein Antibody (28769-1-AP). (ptglab.com)

In addition, a calcium-stimulated protein of 70 kDa was identified as the heat-shock protein DnaK, and a 17 kDa lipid-stimulated phosphoprotein as nucleotide diphosphate kinase. (nih.gov)
Casein kinase assay on a kinase target peptide microarray using the Pro-Q Diamond Phosphopeptide/Phosphoprotein Microarray Stain Kit. (thermofisher.com)
Finally, single-cell phosphoprotein measurements have proven useful in analyzing small molecule kinase inhibitor specificity in peripheral blood ( 8 ). (jimmunol.org)
Transmembrane phosphoprotein Cbp positively regulates the activity of the carboxyl-terminal Src kinase, Csk. (mysciencework.com)

Phosphoproteins have been proposed as biomarkers for breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Most of the phosphoproteins were cytosol proteins which play roles inseveral cellular processes, signaling pathways, and metabolic pathways (STRAP, PANTHER, and iPath analysis).The absence of serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 3 (A6NNA2), tubulin tyrosine ligase-like family, member6, and biorientation of chromosomes in cell division protein 1-like (Q8NFC6) in plasma phosphoprotein wereidentified as potential biomarkers for the differentiation of healthy subjects from patients with CCA and OVinfection. (waocp.org)
The samples we used were 5 years old, and we were still able to identify phosphoproteins, suggesting this is a viable method for identifying disease biomarkers. (clinicalomics.com)

phosphoproteins Proteins containing phosphate, other than as nucleic acids (nucleoproteins) or phospholipids (lipoproteins), e.g. casein from milk, ovovitellin from egg yolk. (encyclopedia.com)
A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
During the past decade, a considerable amount of effort has been expended by biochemists to elucidate the structural nature of the "high-energy" rapidly exchangeable phosphate groups of phosphoproteins. (jhu.edu)
One method of separating microbiological polyphosphate from proteins and nucleic acids is digestion of the sample in strongly basic solutions [H]. This is the same procedure which is followed in the removal of phosphate from mammalian phosphoproteins [4, 12]. (jhu.edu)

Despite the recent characterization of a pp38 deletion mutant MDV, the functions of these phosphoproteins remain unknown. (bioone.org)

Striatal (target) and non-target (hippocampus) homogenates were assayed for injury-induced changes in markers of dopamine neuronal integrity as well as differences in the levels of activated phosphoproteins. (cdc.gov)
DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. (jneurosci.org)
Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
A phosphoprotein that was initially identified as a major target of DOPAMINE activated ADENYLYL CYCLASE in the CORPUS STRIATUM. (umassmed.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32" by people in this website by year, and whether "Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

Immunohistochemical staining for protein immediate-early protein (IE1 72) was negative in all cases, while phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) expression was detected in 14 cases. (hindawi.com)
Global Markets Direct's, '65 kDa Phosphoprotein (PP65 or Tegument Protein UL83, Cytomegalovirus) - Pipeline Review, H1 2016', provides in depth analysis on 65 kDa Phosphoprotein (PP65 or Tegument Protein UL83, Cytomegalovirus) targeted pipeline therapeutics. (reportsnreports.com)
The report provides comprehensive information on the 65 kDa Phosphoprotein (PP65 or Tegument Protein UL83, Cytomegalovirus), targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (reportsnreports.com)
Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in 65 kDa Phosphoprotein (PP65 or Tegument Protein UL83, Cytomegalovirus) targeted therapeutics development and features dormant and discontinued projects. (reportsnreports.com)

28769-1-AP targets SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein in WB,ELISA applications and shows reactivity with Virus samples. (ptglab.com)
the nucleocapsid (N) protein, phosphoprotein (P) and matrix (M) protein, all associate with eEF1A in RSV infected cells, although N is the strongest binding partner. (nih.gov)
RSV nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P) and matrix (M) bind to eEF1A in a live virus infection. (nih.gov)

Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1) is part of the chaperone machinery, but it also functions as an extracellular ligand for the prion protein. (ozgene.com)
The new study, which was published recently in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in an article entitled " Phosphoproteins in Extracellular Vesicles as Candidate Markers for Breast Cancer, " relies on the analysis of microvesicles and exosomes in blood plasma. (clinicalomics.com)

The RABV phosphoprotein (P) is a multifunctional protein, besides the role in viral transcription and replication, it can interact with many host proteins to hijack the signaling pathways in favor of viral replication (Fouquet et al. (springer.com)

Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1), an Hsp90 cochaperone secreted by astrocytes, binds to PrPC in the vicinity of the A beta O binding site to protect neurons against toxic stimuli. (ubc.ca)

A 37 kDa phosphoprotein was phosphorylated on a histidine residue while the remainder of the inner membrane proteins were phosphorylated on serine or threonine residues. (lu.se)

MDV encodes two phosphoproteins, pp24 and pp38, that are highly expressed during lytic infection. (bioone.org)

This article describes current understanding of the mechanism by which synapsin I modulates communication between nerve cells and reviews the properties and putative functions of other phosphoproteins associated with synaptic vesicles. (sciencemag.org)

The versatility of Pro-Q Diamond technology has also been adapted for high-throughput phosphopeptide isolation, a tagging technique for liquid chromatography, and EZQ™ phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide quantitation assays. (thermofisher.com)
The Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide microarray stain directly detects phosphorylated proteins or peptides on microarrays-no antibodies or radioisotopes are required. (thermofisher.com)
With the EZQ Phosphoprotein and Phosphopeptide Quantitation Kit , you get easy and fast quantitation of up to 96 samples at a time. (thermofisher.com)
Takara Clontech has utilized Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) technology to develop efficient and convenient tools for specific phosphoprotein and phosphopeptide enrichment using gravity/batch column, spin column, and magnetic bead-based methods. (clontech.com)

Specialized products are available for isolating and enriching phosphoproteins and phosphopeptides using different formats and purification scales, as shown in the table below. (clontech.com)
The Phosphoprotein Enrichment Kit Procedure is fast, with an average cell-to-sample purification time of less than 2 hours. (clontech.com)

GENTAUR suppliers human normal cells, cell lines, RNA extracts and lots of antibodies and ELISA kits to Human proteins as well as Recombinant Human Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15 RECOMBINANT & NATURAL PROTEINS. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Transmembrane phosphoprotein Cbp positively regulates the acti. (mysciencework.com)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Phosphoprotein is an essential element in the RSV replication complex. (abcam.com)
The sequence and composition data indicated that the Mr 10,000 phosphoprotein is neither the hydrophobic 8-kDa subunit of the energy coupling complex nor cytochrome b-559, but rather a unique, as yet unidentified, polypeptide associated with photosystem II. (nih.gov)
The phase behavior of a synthetic phospho-polymethacrylate analog of the Pc3 phosphoproteins, in the presense of Mg( II ), was characterized to determine whether it is chemically possible for the natural adhesive components to be packaged and stored as liquid complex coacervates. (rsc.org)
The results demonstrate that Pc3 phosphoproteins can exist as condensed phospho/Mg( II ) complex coacervates under conditions expected in the adhesive glands of sandcastle worms in their natural environment. (rsc.org)
Recently, phosphospecific flow cytometry has emerged as a powerful tool to analyze intracellular signaling events in complex populations of cells because of its ability to simultaneously discriminate cell types based on surface marker expression and measure levels of intracellular phosphoproteins. (jimmunol.org)
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate an approach using functional zinc oxide coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles ([email protected] MNPs) as affinity probes to selectively enrich phosphoproteins from complex saliva samples and as microwave absorbers to assist the enrichment and subsequent tryptic digestion of trapped proteins under microwave heating. (ebscohost.com)
Regulatory factor X, a bare lymphocyte syndrome transcription factor, is a multimeric phosphoprotein complex. (jimmunol.org)
Secreted phosphoprotein 24 (spp24) is a member of the cystatin superfamily, which was first identified in cattle as a minor component of cortical bone and subsequently has been identified as a component of the fetuin-mineral complex. (le.ac.uk)

The Phosphoprotein Enrichment Kit may be used with any mammalian cell type. (clontech.com)

Tryptic peptides generated from low-abundance phosphoproteins are often challenging to detect and study. (clontech.com)

One feature of this transformation is induction of the synthesis and secretion of the phosphoprotein osteopontin (also called secreted phosphoprotein 1 and previously referred to as transformation-related phosphoprotein, 2ar, bone sialoprotein 1, or M r 44,000 bone phosphoprotein), an arginylglycylaspartic acid-containing cell adhesion glycoprotein the expression of which has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
Metabolic labeling with 32 PO 4 of near confluent JB6 cells (clone 41.5a) treated with calcitriol (0.1-100 ng/ml) for up to 48 h revealed only a minimal production of osteopontin, which is the major phosphoprotein secreted by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated cells. (aacrjournals.org)

We also offer the Pro-Q Diamond Phosphoprotein Blot Stain Kit , suitable for detecting phosphoproteins on PVDF or nitrocellulose membranes. (thermofisher.com)

The nuclear membranes were then lysed and the nuclear extracts were analyzed to determine levels of 3 nuclear signaling phosphoproteins. (sages.org)

All of these products may be used to enrich cytosolic and membrane-bound phosphoproteins or phosphopeptides containing phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, or phosphothreonine from mammalian cells and tissues. (clontech.com)

Recombinant Human Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15 RECOMBINANT & NATURAL PROTEINS Human samples 80 % of the research is conducted on human samples. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 has unique cochaperone activity during development and regulates cellular response to ischemia via the prion protein. (ozgene.com)

The Mr 10,000 phosphoprotein was purified from photosystem II particles by solubilization of the particles in 5% (w/v) dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, centrifugation in 10% (w/v) sucrose, and three chromatography steps. (nih.gov)

Fractionation of the EDTA-soluble, noncollagenous proteins of the organic matrix of chicken bone by Sephadex G-100 molecular sieving has revealed that the majority of the organic phosphorus is present in two fractions, from one of which a homogeneous phosphoprotein has been isolated. (springer.com)
The characteristic amino acid composition of the phosphoprotein establishes its noncollagenous nature and highlights the differences among bone, dentin, and enamel phosphoproteins. (springer.com)

We determined that ribosomes of seedling roots of maize (Zea mays L.) contain the acidic phosphoproteins (P-proteins) known to form a flexible lateral stalk structure of the 60S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. (plantphysiol.org)

Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain can be used with both 1-D and 2-D gels and is fully compatible with mass spectrometry. (thermofisher.com)
In addition to the Pro-Q® Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain, some of our kits include SYPRO Ruby total-protein stain and PeppermintStick™ phosphoprotein molecular weight standards to serve as extra controls in your experiments. (thermofisher.com)
A 2-D gel was stained first with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain and subsequently with SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain. (thermofisher.com)

Saliva contains various proteins, particularly abundant are phosphoproteins, that may be related to disease occurrences and that play significant roles in a biological system. (ebscohost.com)
We have performed 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry coupled with dephosphorylation and phosphostaining experiments to reveal and define protein alterations and the high abundant structural phosphoproteins in BAV compared to TAV aortic aneurysm samples. (elsevier.com)

Phosphoprotein Affinity Columns yield a concentrated solution of phosphoprotein that can be analyzed by several different methods, including mass spectrometry and 2D-PAGE. (clontech.com)
Additionally, microvesicles and exosomes encapsulate phosphoproteins, which Dr. Tao and his colleagues were able to identify using mass spectrometry. (clinicalomics.com)

Neurotoxicant-induced phosphoprotein profiles in vivo: temporal delineation and potential sites for regulation. (cdc.gov)
Vimentin: a phosphoprotein under hormonal regulation. (rupress.org)

Phosphoprotein (P) is known to play pivotal roles in the life cycle of RABV, and has been regarded as a prime target for inhibitors of viral replication. (springer.com)

NOTE - Improved reagents for phosphoprotein synthesis from the Rinehart lab are now available and can be found here . (addgene.org)

Difficulty in obtaining high-resolution structural data has so far limited understanding of the amount and role of disorder in the viral proteins, but recent research has uncovered that the nucleo- and phosphoproteins contain disordered regions up to 400 residues long. (rsc.org)

Anatomy34

Organisms26

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs116

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Endocytosis: EH domains lend a hand. (1/18461)

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (2/18461)

The splicing factor-associated protein, p32, regulates RNA splicing by inhibiting ASF/SF2 RNA binding and phosphorylation. (3/18461)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (4/18461)

The histone acetylase PCAF is a phorbol-ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF family that confers enhanced interferon responsiveness. (5/18461)

Mutations of oncoprotein 18/stathmin identify tubulin-directed regulatory activities distinct from tubulin association. (6/18461)

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (7/18461)

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (8/18461)

Phosphoproteins

Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32

Phosphorylation

Phosphoprotein Phosphatases

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Weight

Protein Kinases

Microfilament Proteins

Synapsins

Stathmin

Viral Proteins

Phosphopeptides

Phosphorus Radioisotopes

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Phosphoserine

Phosphothreonine

Cell Line

Phosvitin

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Peptide Mapping

Microtubule Proteins

Base Sequence

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Osteopontin

Sialoglycoproteins

Serine

Protein Binding

Nucleoproteins

Signal Transduction

Kinetics

Rabies virus

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Viral Structural Proteins

Cloning, Molecular

Precipitin Tests

Casein Kinase II

Lyssavirus

Tyrosine

Borna disease virus

Membrane Proteins

Nuclear Proteins

Nucleocapsid Proteins

Binding Sites

HeLa Cells

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Cyclic AMP

Cattle

Okadaic Acid

Cell Nucleus

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Phosphotyrosine

Zyxin

Substrate Specificity

Measles virus

Phosphates

Dentin

Protein Processing, Post-Translational

Proteins

Nucleocapsid

Protein Phosphatase 1

Cells, Cultured

Blotting, Western

Casein Kinases

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Phosphorylase Phosphatase

Recombinant Proteins

Threonine

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing

Proteomics

GAP-43 Protein

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Rabbits

Vesiculovirus

Carrier Proteins

RNA, Messenger

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Transfection