Phosphates. Medical search

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

An ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE. Several types of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase exist including phosphorylating and non-phosphorylating varieties and ones that transfer hydrogen to NADP and ones that transfer hydrogen to NAD.

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.

An oxidative decarboxylation process that converts GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE to D-ribose-5-phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate. The pentose product is used in the biosynthesis of NUCLEIC ACIDS. The generated energy is stored in the form of NADPH. This pathway is prominent in tissues which are active in the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS and STEROIDS.

An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.

Membrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of phosphate.

This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).

An aldose-ketose isomerase that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms it plays an essential role in glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. In mammalian systems the enzyme is found in the cytoplasm and as a secreted protein. This secreted form of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase has been referred to as autocrine motility factor or neuroleukin, and acts as a cytokine which binds to the AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR RECEPTOR. Deficiency of the enzyme in humans is an autosomal recessive trait, which results in CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

An amino alcohol with a long unsaturated hydrocarbon chain. Sphingosine and its derivative sphinganine are the major bases of the sphingolipids in mammals. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

The monoanhydride of carbamic acid with PHOSPHORIC ACID. It is an important intermediate metabolite and is synthesized enzymatically by CARBAMYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (AMMONIA) and CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (GLUTAMINE-HYDROLYZING).

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

Proteins that bind to and are involved in the metabolism of phosphate ions.

Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety.

Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group is cleaved at a C-C bond to produce two smaller molecules (ALDEHYDES or KETONES). EC 4.1.2.

A subfamily of lysophospholipid receptors with specificity for LYSOSPHINGOLIPIDS such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine phosphorylcholine.

A receptor that is specific for IGF-II and mannose-6-phosphate. The receptor is a 250-kDa single chain polypeptide which is unrelated in structure to the type 1 IGF receptor (RECEPTOR, IGF TYPE 1) and does not have a tyrosine kinase domain.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate plus GLUTAMINE from GLUTAMATE plus glucosamine-6-phosphate.

Phosphoric acid esters of mannose.

Phosphoric or pyrophosphoric acid esters of polyisoprenoids.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of UDPgalactose from UTP and galactose-1-phosphate. It is present in low levels in fetal and infant liver, but increases with age, thereby enabling galactosemic infants who survive to develop the capacity to metabolize galactose. EC 2.7.7.10.

Enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of aldose and ketose compounds.

A group of hydrolases which catalyze the hydrolysis of monophosphoric esters with the production of one mole of orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of myo-inositol-1-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 5.5.1.4.

An NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase found in the cytosol of eucaryotes. It catalyses the dehydrogenation and phosphorylation of GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE to 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate, which is an important step in the GLYCOLYSIS pathway.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A family of symporters that facilitate sodium-dependent membrane transport of phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Ribulose substituted by one or more phosphoric acid moieties.

A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the reaction sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield D-erythrose 4-phosphate and D-fructose phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.2.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 6-phospho-D-gluconate and NADP+ to yield D-ribulose 5-phosphate, carbon dioxide, and NADPH. The reaction is a step in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.1.1.43.

These compounds function as activated monosaccharide carriers in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and oligosaccharide phospholipids. Obtained from a nucleoside diphosphate sugar and a polyisoprenyl phosphate.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A mixture of isomeric tritolyl phosphates. Used in the sterilization of certain surgical instruments and in many industrial processes.

Phosphoric acid esters of mannitol.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centers within carbohydrates or their derivatives. EC 5.1.3.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of D-mannose-6-phosphate to form D-fructose-6-phosphate, an important step in glycolysis. EC 5.3.1.8.

Derivatives of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol). They are used as humectants and solvents in pharmaceutical preparations.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of arsenic acid.

Compounds functioning as activated glycosyl carriers in the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and glycophospholipids. They include the polyisoprenyl pyrophosphates.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.

A four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. D-tagatose- 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate also are acceptors. UTP, CTP, and ITP also are donors. In human phosphofructokinase-1, three types of subunits have been identified. They are PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, LIVER TYPE; and PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, TYPE C; found in platelets, brain, and other tissues.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group onto a phosphate group acceptor. EC 2.7.4.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Phosphoric acid esters of galactose.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptonate from phosphoenolpyruvate and D-erythrose-4-phosphate. It is one of the first enzymes in the biosynthesis of TYROSINE and PHENYLALANINE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.2.15.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme also acts on (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates. The yeast and bacterial enzymes are zinc proteins. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) E.C. 4.1.2.13.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and ammonia. This enzyme is specific for arginine biosynthesis or the urea cycle. Absence or lack of this enzyme may cause CARBAMOYL-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE I DEFICIENCY DISEASE. EC 6.3.4.16.

Diphosphoric acid esters of fructose. The fructose-1,6- diphosphate isomer is most prevalent. It is an important intermediate in the glycolysis process.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Linear polymers in which orthophosphate residues are linked with energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of UDPglucose from UTP plus glucose 1-phosphate. EC 2.7.7.9.

An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of D-glucosamine 6-phosphate with ACETYL-COA to form N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate.

A chemical system that functions to control the levels of specific ions in solution. When the level of hydrogen ion in solution is controlled the system is called a pH buffer.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that bind to specific LYSOPHOSPHOLIPIDS such as lysophosphatidic acid and lysosphinglipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate. They play an important role in the formation and function of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and a D-hexose to ADP and a D-hexose 6-phosphate. D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol, and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.1.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An electrogenic sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. It is present primarily in BRUSH BORDER membranes of PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES.

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 2.2.1.1.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

A family of highly conserved and widely expressed sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins. They are electrogenic sodium-dependent transporters of phosphate that were originally identified as retroviral receptors in HUMANS and have been described in yeast and many other organisms.

An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.

Stable phosphorus atoms that have the same atomic number as the element phosphorus, but differ in atomic weight. P-31 is a stable phosphorus isotope.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

An adenosine monophosphate analog in which ribose is replaced by an arabinose moiety. It is the monophosphate ester of VIDARABINE with antiviral and possibly antineoplastic properties.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of UMP from UDPglucose to galactose 1-phosphate, forming UDPgalactose and glucose 1-phosphate. Deficiency in this enzyme is the major cause of GALACTOSEMIA. EC 2.7.7.12.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A deficiency in humans causes nonspherocytic hemolytic disease (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC). EC 5.3.1.1.

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase that may play a role in the degradation or activation of a variety of PEPTIDE HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of this protein are a cause of HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS, X-LINKED DOMINANT.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbamoyl phosphate from ATP, carbon dioxide, and glutamine. This enzyme is important in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidines. EC 6.3.5.5.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha D-glucose 1-phosphate to alpha D-glucose 6-phosphate. EC 5.4.2.2.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A sodium-dependent phosphate transporter present primarily at apical sites of EPITHELIAL CELLS in the SMALL INTESTINE.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.

Proteins that cotransport hydrogen ions and phosphate ions across cellular membranes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which can be converted to the deoxy sugar GDPfucose, which provides fucose for lipopolysaccharides of bacterial cell walls. Also acts as mannose donor for glycolipid synthesis.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.

A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms.

Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate and water to D-glucose and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.9.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A lipophilic glycosyl carrier of the monosaccharide mannose in the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide phospholipids and glycoproteins.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A material used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration. It is prepared by mixing zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powders with a liquid consisting principally of phosphoric acid, water, and buffers. (From Bouchers' Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, an allosteric effector for the other 6-phosphofructokinase, PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1. Phosphofructokinase-2 is bifunctional: the dephosphorylated form is a kinase and the phosphorylated form is a phosphatase that breaks down fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to yield fructose-6-phosphate.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.

A group of phosphate minerals that includes ten mineral species and has the general formula X5(YO4)3Z, where X is usually calcium or lead, Y is phosphorus or arsenic, and Z is chlorine, fluorine, or OH-. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Inorganic compounds that contain potassium as an integral part of the molecule.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Eicosamethyl octacontanonadecasen-1-o1. Polyprenol found in animal tissues that contains about 20 isoprene residues, the one carrying the alcohol group being saturated.

A 5-carbon keto sugar.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of ACYL COA to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This enzyme has alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits.

Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2.; and 1.1.99.

A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A polymeric mixture of polyesters of phosphoric acid and phloretin. It blocks some cellular responses to prostaglandins.

A novel interaction mechanism accounting for different acylphosphatase effects on cardiac and fast twitch skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps. (1/8540)

In cardiac and skeletal muscle Ca2+ translocation from cytoplasm into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is accomplished by different Ca2+-ATPases whose functioning involves the formation and decomposition of an acylphosphorylated phosphoenzyme intermediate (EP). In this study we found that acylphosphatase, an enzyme well represented in muscular tissues and which actively hydrolyzes EP, had different effects on heart (SERCA2a) and fast twitch skeletal muscle SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1). With physiological acylphosphatase concentrations SERCA2a exhibited a parallel increase in the rates of both ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ transport; in contrast, SERCA1 appeared to be uncoupled since the stimulation of ATP hydrolysis matched an inhibition of Ca2+ pump. These different effects probably depend on phospholamban, which is associated with SERCA2a but not SERCA1. Consistent with this view, the present study suggests that acylphosphatase-induced stimulation of SERCA2a, in addition to an enhanced EP hydrolysis, may be due to a displacement of phospholamban, thus to a removal of its inhibitory effect. (+info)

The Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in the vps33Delta vacuolar biogenesis mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2/8540)

The vacuole is the major site of intracellular Ca2+ storage in yeast and functions to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ levels within a narrow physiological range. In this study, we examined how cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is maintained in a vps33Delta vacuolar biogenesis mutant. We found that growth of the vps33Delta strain was sensitive to high or low extracellular Ca2+. This strain could not properly regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels and was able to retain only a small fraction of its total cellular Ca2+ in a nonexchangeable intracellular pool. Surprisingly, the vps33Delta strain contained more total cellular Ca2+ than the wild type strain. Because most cellular Ca2+ is normally found within the vacuole, this suggested that other intracellular compartments compensated for the reduced capacity to store Ca2+ within the vacuole of this strain. To test this hypothesis, we examined the contribution of the Golgi-localized Ca2+ ATPase Pmr1p in the maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We found that a vps33Delta/pmr1Delta strain was hypersensitive to high extracellular Ca2+. In addition, certain combinations of mutations effecting both vacuolar and Golgi Ca2+ transport resulted in synthetic lethality. These results indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis when vacuolar biogenesis is compromised. (+info)

Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (3/8540)

The allosteric properties of AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.4.6] from chicken erythrocytes have been qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the concerted transition theory of Monod et al., on the assumption that this enzyme has different numbers of binding sites for each ligand. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit for all experimental saturation functions with respect to activation by alkali metals and inhibition by Pi, assuming that the numbers of binding sites for AMP, alkali metals, and Pi are 4, 2, and 4, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by concentrations of ATP and GTP below 0.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively, whereas activation of the enzyme was observed at ATP and GTP concentrations above 0.4 and 1.5 mM, respectively. These unusual kinetics with respect to ATP and GTP could be also accounted for by assuming 2 inhibitory and 4 activating sites for each ligand. (+info)

Myocardial oxygenation during high work states in hearts with postinfarction remodeling. (4/8540)

BACKGROUND: Postinfarction left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is associated with reductions in myocardial high-energy phosphate (HEP) levels, which are more severe in animals that develop overt congestive heart failure (CHF). During high work states, further HEP loss occurs, which suggests demand-induced ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that inadequate myocyte oxygen availability is the basis for these HEP abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial infarction was produced by left circumflex coronary artery ligation in swine. Studies were performed in 20 normal animals, 14 animals with compensated LVR, and 9 animals with CHF. Phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP was determined with 31P NMR and deoxymyoglobin (Mb-delta) with 1H NMR in myocardium remote from the infarct. Basal PCr/ATP tended to be decreased in postinfarct hearts, and this was significant in animals with CHF. Infusion of dobutamine (20 microg x kg-1 x min-1 IV) caused doubling of the rate-pressure product in both normal and LVR hearts and resulted in comparable significant decreases of PCr/ATP in both groups. This decrease in PCr/ATP was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. In CHF hearts, rate-pressure product increased only 40% in response to dobutamine; this attenuated response also was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the decrease of PCr/ATP during dobutamine infusion is not the result of insufficient myocardial oxygen availability. Furthermore, in CHF hearts, the low basal PCr/ATP and the attenuated response to dobutamine occurred in the absence of myocardial hypoxia, indicating that the HEP and contractile abnormalities were not the result of insufficient oxygen availability. (+info)

Effects of phosphate intake on distribution of type II Na/Pi cotransporter mRNA in rat kidney. (5/8540)

BACKGROUND: Renal phosphate (Pi) reabsorption is regulated by dietary Pi intake, as well as in other ways. Changes in Pi reabsorption are associated with the modulation of sodium/Pi cotransporter type II (NaPi-2) protein abundance in the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubules (PTs) and of renal NaPi-2 mRNA levels. In this study, we address whether the NaPi-2 protein and NaPi-2 mRNA distribution patterns in the renal cortex vary in parallel with changes of dietary Pi intake. METHODS: We investigated in cryosections of perfusion-fixed rat kidneys by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) the distribution patterns of NaPi-2 mRNA and of NaPi-2 protein one week, two hours, and four hours after changes in dietary Pi intake. RESULTS: NaPi-2 mRNA and NaPi-2 protein were present in PTs exclusively. In rats adapted to one week of high Pi intake, signals for NaPi-2 mRNA and NaPi-2 protein in cortical PTs were weak, except in the convoluted parts of PTs of juxtamedullary nephrons. After one week of low Pi intake, the ISH and IHC signals for NaPi-2 were high in PT segments in all cortical levels. The switch from a chronic high to a low Pi intake within two and four hours induced no increase and a slight increase, respectively, in the NaPi-2 mRNA signal in PTs of midcortical and of superficial nephrons, whereas in the BBM of these nephrons, NaPi-2 protein was markedly up-regulated. Two and four hours after switching from low to high Pi intake, the overall high ISH signal for NaPi-2 mRNA was unchanged, whereas NaPi-2 protein staining was drastically down-regulated in the BBM of PTs from superficial and midcortical nephrons. CONCLUSIONS: The marked changes in NaPi-2 protein abundance in the BBM, following altered dietary Pi intake, precede corresponding changes at the RNA level by several hours. Thus, the early adaptation to altered Pi intake involves mRNA-independent mechanisms. The up- or down-regulation of NaPi-2 protein abundance in the BBM and NaPi-2 mRNA in PT affects mainly midcortical and superficial nephrons. (+info)

Biochemical indices of osteomalacia in pregnant Asian immigrants in Britain. (6/8540)

Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary calcium excretion were examined during the second trimester of uncomplicated normal pregnancy in Asian immigrants to Britain and in local Caucasians. The mean serum calcium was significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians, and the mean serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in Asians. The geometric mean of the urinary calcium excretion was highly significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians. The variances of the serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urine calcium excretion did not differ significantly in the two populations. This indicates that there is a shift in values of immigrant Asians as a group compared with Caucasians. A comparison with figures obtained on normal nonpregnant persons of both suggests that the shift is not an inherent feature of the Asian population. (+info)

Bound forms of Ca taken up by the synaptic plasma membrane. (7/8540)

Temperature dependent Ca-binding by the synaptic plasma membrane was increased in the presence of ATP and Mg++. Apparent Km for ATP was about 2.8 X 10(-5) M and optimal concentration of Mg++ was 2 mM in the presence of 2 mM ATP. After preincubation with nonradioactive Ca++, ATP and Mg++ to attain a steady state, addition of 45Ca resulted in remarkable labelling of the membrane, indicating rapid turnover of most of the membrane bound Ca. The presence of oxalate (60 mM) greatly increased Ca up-take on prolonged incubation. The Ca uptake in presence and absence of oxalate had similar substrate specificity and was similarly influenced by various monovalent cations. Furthermore, activities for Ca-uptake in the presence and absence of oxalate could not be separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the synaptic plasma membrane fraction. Accordingly, it was considered that Ca++ in the medium was taken up by surface of the membrane, ATP- and temperature-dependently and then transferred into a cavity where the Ca-oxalate complex is formed. (+info)

Mutations of Arg198 in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase cause inhibition of hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme intermediate formed from inorganic phosphate. (8/8540)

Arg198 of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was substituted with lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, alanine, and isoleucine by site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis was performed with microsomal membranes isolated from COS-1 cells which were transfected with the mutated cDNAs. The rate of dephosphorylation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme was determined by first phosphorylating the Ca2+-ATPase with 32Pi and then diluting the sample with non-radioactive Pi. This rate was reduced substantially in the mutant R198Q, more strongly in the mutants R198A and R1981, and most strongly in the mutant R198E, but to a much lesser extent in R198K. The reduction in the rate of dephosphorylation was consistent with the observed decrease in the turnover rate of the Ca2+-ATPase accompanied by the steady-state accumulation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme formed from ATP. These results indicate that the positive charge and high hydrophilicity of Arg198 are critical for rapid hydrolysis of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme. (+info)

Mississippi Phosphates Corp. has been cited by the government for 40 safety and health violations following the deaths of two ... Mississippi Phosphates is a producer and marketer of diammonium phosphate, which is used as a fertilizer. The companys ... AP) - Mississippi Phosphates Corp. has been cited by the government for 40 safety and health violations following the deaths of ... manufacturing facilities consist of two sulfuric acid plants, a phosphoric acid plant and diammonium phosphate granulation ...

https://www.yahoo.com/news/osha-cites-mississippi-phosphates-165204066--finance.html?ref=gs

Zinc phosphate is formed from zinc phosphate cement and used in dentistry. Zinc phosphate dental cement is one of the oldest ... Zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) is an inorganic chemical compound used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as ... Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a ... Natural forms of zinc phosphate include minerals hopeite and parahopeite, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O. A somewhat similar mineral is natural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_phosphate

Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate), KH. 2PO. 4, is a ... Dipotassium phosphate. Tripotassium phosphate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard ... "Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate". American Elements. Retrieved October 30, 2018.. *^ a b Fukami, T. (1990). "Refinement of the ... When used in fertilizer mixtures with urea and ammonium phosphates, it minimizes escape of ammonia by keeping the acidity at a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_dihydrogen_phosphate

This information profile on aryl-phosphates is part of a group of 46 such profiles that provide information about chemicals or ... This information profile on aryl-phosphates is part of a group of 46 such profiles that provide information about chemicals or ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00098765.html

"Vanilla phosphate," the man helped, "cherry phosphate, orange phosphate, lime phosphate, lemon phosphate,. ... phosphate. Further reading[edit]. *"phosphate" in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the ... phosphate (third-person singular simple present phosphates, present participle phosphating, simple past and past participle ... "This man here," she said, "can make you a cherry Coke or a chocolate Coke or a phosphate - a chocolate phosphate or. " ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phosphate

Overall SODIUM PHOSPHATES is of moderate concern in food.. The overall ingredient concern is determined by using a weight of ...

https://www.ewg.org/foodscores/ingredients/18292-SODIUMPHOSPHATES/

Overall Sodium Phosphates is of moderate concern in food.. The overall ingredient concern is determined by using a weight of ... Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of ... Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of ... Phosphate levels and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology ...

https://www.ewg.org/foodscores/ingredients/7347-SodiumPhosphates%5Bewg.org%5D

Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. ... Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. ... Durif A. (1995) Mixed-Anion Phosphates. In: Crystal Chemistry of Condensed Phosphates. Springer, Boston, MA. * DOI https://doi. ... there are no rules for the chemical preparation of these mixed-anion phosphates. The vast majority of them have been obtained ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9894-4_5

Phosphate salts are commonly used for phosphate deficiency and for bowel cleansing before medical procedures. ... Phosphate dAluminium, Phosphate de Calcium, Phosphate de Magnésium, Phosphate Neutre de Calcium, Phosphate dOs, Phosphate ... Potassium Hydrogen Phosphate, Phosphate de Dipotassium, Phosphate dHydrogène de Potassium, Phosphate de Potassium, Phosphate ... Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Di-Calcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphates, Neutral Calcium Phosphate ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/735.html

... is a dolichol phosphate (CHEBI:23875) dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) is conjugate acid of ... dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) has functional parent dolichol (CHEBI:16091) dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) has role ... C35-phosphodolichol (CHEBI:77486) is a dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214). dolichyl phosphate(2−) (CHEBI:57683) is conjugate base ... CHEBI:16214 - dolichyl phosphate. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=16214

Source for information on monocalcium phosphate: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition dictionary. ... www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/monocalcium-phosphate ... www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/monocalcium-phosphate ... "monocalcium phosphate ." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition . . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Feb. 2020 ,https://www.encyclopedia.com,. ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/monocalcium-phosphate

... is a glycerone phosphates (CHEBI:24356) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) is a ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has role Escherichia coli metabolite (CHEBI:76971) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI: ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has role human metabolite (CHEBI:77746) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) is conjugate acid of glycerone phosphate(2−) (CHEBI:57642) ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=14341

Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates (GMP, GDP [4], and GTP respectively). ... guanosine phosphate* The nucleotide [1] of the purine [2] base guanine [3]. ... guanosine phosphate The nucleotide of the purine base guanine. Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and ... guanosine phosphate A nucleotide of the purine base guanine. Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/animals/vertebrate-zoology/guanosine-phosphate

... codeine phosphate dosage, is there a difference between codeine and codeine phosphate, codeine phosphate and alcohol, and can ... information about taking codeine phosphate tablets or liquid, including codeine phosphate 30mg, codeine phosphate side effects ... Codeine phosphate may cause drowsiness and dizziness.. *It may be an offence to drive while you are taking codeine phosphate. ... What is codeine phosphate used for?. Codeine phosphate is often just known as codeine. Its prescribed for:. *Relieving mild to ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/aches-pains/a6438/codeine-phosphate/

A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the European ... said he was proposing a ban on the use of phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds in laundry detergents in the EU. ... Phosphates discharged into waters create algae blooms, or eutrophication, that could deplete oxygen levels. Detergents are the ... 4 (UPI) -- A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the ...

https://www.upi.com/Science_News/Resource-Wars/2010/11/04/EU-proposes-ban-on-detergent-phosphates/UPI-66041288877066/

Sodium Phosphate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking sodium phosphate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to sodium phosphate, other medications, ... tell your doctor if you have already taken sodium phosphate or used an enema containing sodium phosphate within the past 7 days ... Sodium phosphate may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if either of these symptoms is severe or do not go away: *stomach ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a609019.html

Media in category "Triphenyl phosphate". The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. ... Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Triphenyl_phosphate&oldid=8265495" ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Triphenyl_phosphate

... the contribution ratio of phosphate treatment as the paint base coating reaches about 20% in corrosion resistance according to ... Study of Phosphate Coating Crystals 852217. In a car body painting system, the contribution ratio of phosphate treatment as the ... With the zinc phosphate type conversion treatment, coating mainly consisting of hopeite and phosphophyllite is formed on the ... The reason for this may be sought in the dissolution of phosphate coating when ED paint is applied (solubility) and when it is ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/852217/

An objection aimed at banning phosphate from kebab meat, to be voted in the European Parliament on Tuesday (12 December), has ...

https://www.euractiv.com/topics/phosphate/

A lime phosphate may be called a Green River, and a grape one, a Purple Cow.. Phosphates occasionally appear in old movies ... The presence of phosphates in water is an important detail in water quality.. Phosphorus is essential for life. It is needed ... Phosphates come in various fruit flavors, such as cherry, strawberry, lemon, orange, etc. ...

https://everything2.com/title/Phosphate

... and monodi-calcium phosphates) but also magnesium phosphates, sodium phosphates and even ammonium phosphates are used in animal ... Inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) are inorganic salts of phosphoric acid. The use of inorganic feed phosphates is necessary to ... Phosphates occur widely in nature mostly as phosphate rock or fluorapatite. Large deposits exist in Russia, USA, North Africa, ... The majority of the inorganic feed phosphates used in the EU and worldwide are calcium phosphates in different forms (mono-, di ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_phosphates

Not only ribose 5-phosphate but also fructose 6-phosphate are an intermediate of the pentose-phosphate pathway which generates ... "Sugar-phosphate backbone". "Phosphate Backbone". "Case Study: Sugar Phosphates - Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate ... Sugar phosphates are defined as carbohydrates to which a phosphate group is bound by an ester or an either linkage, depending ... Sugar phosphates (sugars that have added or substituted phosphate groups) are often used in biological systems to store or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_phosphates

Rama Phosphates Chairman Speech, Rama Phosphates updates and more at Business Standard news. ... Quick Links for Rama Phosphates:. * News. Announcements Brokerage Reports Business Earnings Sector ... Rama Phosphates Ltd. (RAMAPHOSP) - Chairman Speech. p{text-transform:none}. Company chairman speech. ...

https://www.business-standard.com/company/rama-phosphates-1473/annual-report/chairman-speech

We are excited to be debuting our FlashCUBE Process NMR systems at such an important venue for the phosphate industry,. ... "We are excited to be debuting our FlashCUBE Process NMR systems at such an important venue for the phosphate industry," said Dr ... The system(s) will be debuting at the Society of Mining Engineers Florida Phosphate Conference and the co-located Dreyer ... Debut versions are offered for phosphate, petrochemical, and lithium brine measurements.. The "Thin Solution" TS models are ...

http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/10/prweb13004572.htm

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-florida-phosphate-deposits/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c2190c09-722d-4822-85bd-d06a3171c7a6

... phosphate mine. Phosphate is a prime component of agricultural fertilizer, and Bou Craa is one of the largest phosphate mines ... Parallel trenches are cut into the phosphate deposits to facilitate extraction of the material. The mine is one of the few ...

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/92794/bou-craa-phosphate-mine-western-sahara

... ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent ... Other articles where Zinc phosphate is discussed: bioceramics: Dental ceramics: … ... ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/zinc-phosphate

Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one ... Trisodium Phosphate Trisodium phosphate forms when phosphoric acids form sodium crystals. This form of phosphate is abundant in ... Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one ... Although trisodium phosphate can help treat the soil, one of the most common agriculture uses for this substance involves using ...

https://www.ehow.com/info_12149470_trisodium-phosphate-soil.html

FDAs Bacteriological Analytical Manual (the BAM) is the agencys preferred laboratory procedures for the detection in food and cosmetic products of pathogens (bacterial, viral, parasitic, plus yeast and mold) and of microbial toxins. The complete BAM is now available online and will be updated as needed.

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-r29-gel-phosphate-buffer

... phosphate (TCEP); urinary bladder lesions caused by tributyl phosphate (TnBP); liver lesions caused by tributoxyethyl phosphate ... How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect children?. *How can families reduce the risk of exposure to phosphate ester ... What are phosphate ester flame retardants?. *What happens to phosphate ester flame retardants when they enter the environment? ... How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect children?. No studies have been conducted to examine the toxicity of phosphate ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=1164&toxid=239

The company's manufacturing facilities consist of two sulfuric acid plants, a phosphoric acid plant and diammonium phosphate granulation plant. (yahoo.com)
Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate . (wikipedia.org)
Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. (springer.com)
Inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) are inorganic salts of phosphoric acid. (wikipedia.org)
The starting point of industrial feed phosphate production is technically pure (ortho) phosphoric acid (H3PO4) which is obtained from the apatite in a wet chemical process. (wikipedia.org)
Trisodium phosphate forms when phosphoric acids form sodium crystals. (ehow.com)
A phosphate (PO3−4) is an inorganic chemical and a salt of phosphoric acid. (dbpedia.org)
Of the various phosphoric acids and phosphates, organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry (ecology), and inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. (dbpedia.org)
After beneficiation, the separated phosphate ore is treated with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid, which is used in synthetic fertilizer. (biologicaldiversity.org)
A combined company (referred to as WengfuKailin throughout this Insight) will be the third largest producer of both phosphoric acid and phosphate rock globally. (prnewswire.com)
WengfuKailin will become the third largest phosphate producer globally, in phosphoric acid and phosphate rock terms, behind OCP and Mosaic. (prnewswire.com)
The chemical formula for ammonium phosphate, also known as phosphoric acid, triammonium phosphate, or triammonium orthophosphate, is H12N3O4 or alternative. (reference.com)
A phosphate , in inorganic chemistry , is a salt of phosphoric acid . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The phosphate ion carries a negative three formal charge and is the conjugate base of the hydrogenphosphate ion, HPO 4 2− , which is the conjugate base of H 2 PO 4 − , the dihydrogen phosphate ion, which in turn is the conjugate base of H 3 PO 4 , phosphoric acid . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid . (wikipedia.org)

Mississippi Phosphates is a producer and marketer of diammonium phosphate, which is used as a fertilizer. (yahoo.com)
Average diammonium phosphate selling price fell 7.9 percent in the latest quarter, while average potash MOP (muriate of potash) selling price fell 16.9 percent. (reuters.com)

The bill would ban phosphates from detergents and, supporters say, would substantially cut the amount of phosphorus being discharged into the Chesapeake Bay. (washingtonpost.com)
The use of inorganic feed phosphates is necessary to meet the phosphorus requirements for animal production: to ensure optimal growth, fertility and bone development. (wikipedia.org)
Due to different chemical compositions of the different feed phosphate sources, large differences do exist in their phosphorus availability for the different animal species. (wikipedia.org)
However phosphate from the same source, produced by the same process, using the same raw materials, show consistent phosphorus availability, which can be measured in biological assays. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent phosphorus availability relies on strict quality control during the process, to avoid degradation of orthophosphate into other unavailable phosphate forms. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary allowances at the end take into account the availability of phosphorus within the diet and meet the requirements through supplementation with inorganic feed phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
Because of possible phosphorus deficiencies in farmed animals, phosphorus is supplied in the form of inorganic feed phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
In pigs, most phosphorus is absorbed from the small intestine -jejunum, duodenum- in the form of ortho-phosphate where its solubility is greatest. (wikipedia.org)
This can be accomplished by reducing the supply of phosphorus, for example, by using less phosphate fertiliser in arable farming and horticulture on soils with a high phosphate level and by using low-phosphate animal feed in livestock farming. (wur.nl)
In January, Sinofert said it would buy phosphate miner Xundian Lomon Phosphorus Chemical Ltd. in Yunnan province for CNY1.38 billion ($218.5 million). (marketwatch.com)
Oral phosphate binders are used to decrease the highly efficient gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. (medscape.com)
Lanthanum carbonate is a noncalcium, nonaluminum phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of high phosphorus levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
Phosphate rock minerals are the only significant global resources of phosphorus. (usgs.gov)
Phosphorus in the form of phosphate, is an irreplaceable component in fertiliser with an estimated global market worth US$51.6 billion. (www.csiro.au)
Then there is the impending shortage of two fertilizers: phosphorus (phosphate) and potassium (potash). (businessinsider.com)
In comparison to calcium, plasma phosphorus exists in both organic and inorganic forms, including phospholipids, ester phosphates, and inorganic phosphates. (uptodate.com)
Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus , found in many phosphate minerals. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In biological systems, phosphorus is found as a free phosphate ion in solution and is called inorganic phosphate , to distinguish it from phosphates bound in various phosphate esters. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
User standards for nitrogen and phosphate are determined to regulate the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in line with crop needs. (wur.nl)
Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs) are a group of beneficial microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorus compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants. (hindawi.com)

Phosphate salts are most commonly used for bowel cleansing, low blood levels of phosphate, constipation, high blood levels of calcium, and heartburn. (medlineplus.gov)
Aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate are FDA-permitted ingredients used in antacids. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking phosphate salt (except calcium phosphate) by mouth is likely effective for treating high levels of calcium in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking potassium phosphate by mouth can help prevent calcium kidney stones from forming in patients with high urine levels of calcium. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking other phosphate salts such as calcium phosphate or potassium phosphate doesn't improve running or cycling performance. (medlineplus.gov)
Research shows that taking calcium phosphate by mouth helps improve bone density of the hip and lower spine in women with osteoporosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphate salts containing sodium, potassium, aluminum, or calcium are LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth appropriately and short-term. (medlineplus.gov)
monocalcium phosphate See calcium acid phosphate . (encyclopedia.com)
The majority of the inorganic feed phosphates used in the EU and worldwide are calcium phosphates in different forms (mono-, di- and monodi-calcium phosphates) but also magnesium phosphates, sodium phosphates and even ammonium phosphates are used in animal nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
It lowers serum phosphate to near normal levels in hemodialysis patients as effectively as calcium acetate without inducing hypercalcemia or increased aluminum levels. (medscape.com)
Sucroferric oxyhydroxide is an iron-based, calcium-free phosphate binder. (medscape.com)
Calcium carbonate combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate, which is excreted in feces. (medscape.com)
Should You Take Calcium Phosphate? (healthline.com)
They're made of calcium phosphate, a compound of calcium and phosphorous. (healthline.com)
Does this mean taking calcium phosphate supplements can give you healthier bones ? (healthline.com)
Calcium phosphate - which you find as tricalcium phosphate in supplements - contains close to 39 percent elemental calcium. (healthline.com)
Is calcium phosphate the answer? (healthline.com)
In most cases, calcium phosphate offers no advantage over calcium carbonate or calcium citrate," said Dr. Roger Phipps, assistant professor at Husson University School of Pharmacy. (healthline.com)
So calcium phosphate may be a more appropriate supplement in someone with phosphate deficiency. (healthline.com)
The toxicity of phosphates is because of their ability to sequester calcium. (hazard.com)
May sequester calcium and cause calcium phosphate deposits in the kidneys. (hazard.com)
Calcium and phosphate in renal failure. (bmj.com)
any of several phosphates of calcium occurring naturally in some rocks and in animal bones, used as a fertilizer and food additive as well as in baking powder and dentifrices. (dictionary.com)
Calcium phosphate is deliquescent, and will dissolve in the water it absorbs from the atmosphere if it is not kept in a closed container. (dictionary.com)
The maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis involves intestinal, bone, and renal handling of these ions. (uptodate.com)
Of the plasma calcium, roughly 40 percent is bound to albumin, 15 percent is complexed with citrate, sulfate, or phosphate, and 45 percent exists as the physiologically important ionized (or free) calcium. (uptodate.com)
Only a small fraction of the total body calcium and phosphate is located in the plasma. (uptodate.com)
However, it is the plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate that are under hormonal control. (uptodate.com)
The physiologic roles of other hormones (such as calcitonin and estrogens) in the regulation of calcium and phosphate balance are incompletely understood [ 7 ]. (uptodate.com)
Yet, the availability of soluble forms of P for plants in the soils is limited because of its fixation as insoluble phosphates of iron, aluminum, and calcium in the soil [ 2 , 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

4 , is a soluble salt of potassium and the dihydrogen phosphate ion which is used as a fertilizer , a food additive and a fungicide . (wikipedia.org)
When used in fertilizer mixtures with urea and ammonium phosphates , it minimizes escape of ammonia by keeping the acidity at a relatively low level. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphate is a prime component of agricultural fertilizer, and Bou Craa is one of the largest phosphate mines in the world. (nasa.gov)
Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one of the more common forms of phosphorous fertilizer. (ehow.com)
80 percent of the extracted phosphate ends up as artificial fertilizer on land. (wur.nl)
This insight analyses the potential structure of a combined company and its likely influence on the global phosphate market - an influence we believe will be small for fertilizer markets but more impactful in the niche phosphate salts and value-added markets. (prnewswire.com)
Reuters) - U.S. fertilizer maker Mosaic Co ( MOS.N ) reported a smaller-than-expected quarterly profit on Tuesday, as higher sales volumes were offset by lower phosphate and potash prices. (reuters.com)
The company, which agreed to buy Vale SA's VALE5.SA fertilizer unit for about $2.5 billion in December, has been coping with a capacity glut and soft crop prices that have pushed potash and phosphate prices to multi-year lows. (reuters.com)
The contract with OCP sets a price that's indexed to phosphate fertilizer price. (yahoo.com)

A soil test can help determine the amount of phosphate in your existing soil. (ehow.com)
Yes or No, The amount of phosphate needed or available for a purpose, including estimates of phosphate in and phosphate out, and the phosphate form, determine the phosphate budget for a cell or an entire organism. (wikiversity.org)
The amount of phosphate in animal manure was 7 percent lower in 2003 than in the preceding year. (cbs.nl)
The amount of phosphate fell by nearly 40 percent in the same period, from 259 to 159 million kilograms. (cbs.nl)

This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about phosphate ester flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
The general population is primarily exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants by eating contaminated food. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants are human-made chemicals that are typically liquids at room temperature, although some are solids. (cdc.gov)
What happens to phosphate ester flame retardants when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
How might I be exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants? (cdc.gov)
How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect my health? (cdc.gov)
Long-term occupational exposure to two flame retardants (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, TDCP, and triphenyl phosphate, TPP) did not produce adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
How likely are phosphate ester flame retardants to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
There is not enough information available to determine with certainty whether or not phosphate ester flame retardants produce cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)
No studies have been conducted to examine the toxicity of phosphate ester flame retardants in children. (cdc.gov)
How can families reduce the risk of exposure to phosphate ester flame retardants? (cdc.gov)
Avoid installation or use of materials that are known to contain phosphate esters-based flame retardants in indoor environments to minimize exposure via air. (cdc.gov)
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants . (cdc.gov)
This public health statement tells you about phosphate ester flame retardants and the effects of exposure to them. (cdc.gov)
This profile discusses the following phosphate ester flame retardants: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP). (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants have been found in at least 8 of the 1,699 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for these substances is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which phosphate ester flame retardants are found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
If you are exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants, many factors will determine whether you will be harmed. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants are human-made chemicals added to consumer and industrial products for the purpose of reducing flammability. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants are composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants are released to the environment from industrial sources and disposal of consumer products containing flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate ester flame retardants can change chemical composition in the environment. (cdc.gov)
Ingesting contaminated food: Most foods have been found to contain trace amounts of phosphate ester flame retardants due to their wide use in plastics and presence in the environment. (cdc.gov)
Indoor air can contain phosphate ester flame retardants from certain plastics, adhesives, foams, or electronics. (cdc.gov)
Currently, we do not know much about phosphate ester flame retardants and the body. (cdc.gov)
There is no information on how these chemicals leave your body, but based on studies in animals, phosphate ester flame retardants may be broken down in the body and the breakdown product may be eliminated in the urine. (cdc.gov)
Neither phosphate ester flame retardants nor their breakdown products seemed to accumulate in the body based on studies in animals. (cdc.gov)
Few studies have looked at the health effects of exposure to phosphate ester flame retardants. (cdc.gov)

Ferric iron binds dietary phosphate in the GI tract and precipitates as ferric phosphate, which is insoluble and is excreted in the feces. (medscape.com)
Many phosphates are insoluble in water at standard temperature and pressure, except for the alkali metal salts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Most other phosphates are only slightly soluble or are insoluble in water. (wikipedia.org)
Soil test values are generally much higher, but the greater part of it, about 95 to 99%, is present in the form of insoluble phosphates [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

Phosphate esters are added to consumer and industrial products in order to reduce flammability. (cdc.gov)
Some phosphate esters will deposit on wet and dry surfaces and others will be broken down by water. (cdc.gov)
Most foods contain small amounts of phosphate esters and you may be exposed by eating contaminated food. (cdc.gov)
Drinking water may contain phosphate esters due to leakage from plastics or industrial waste water discharge. (cdc.gov)
The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the EPA have not classified the carcinogenic potential of the phosphate esters. (cdc.gov)
Generally, most phosphate esters are poorly soluble in water and adsorb strongly to soils. (cdc.gov)
Phosphate esters are subject to biodegradation in aquatic and terrestrial environments. (cdc.gov)
Breathing contaminated outdoor air: Hydraulic fluid is the primary source of phosphate esters in outdoor air. (cdc.gov)
Ingesting food contaminated with phosphate esters is the primary source of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Drinking water contaminated with phosphate esters due to leaching from plastics or industrial waste water discharge is another potential exposure route. (cdc.gov)
Hydraulic fluid spills or industrial waste water used for agriculture can result in the presence of phosphate esters in soil. (cdc.gov)

Chiang said that research has shown that bubble tea and colas contain high levels of phosphate and are unsuitable for kidney disease patients. (taipeitimes.com)

There have been a few cases of allergic reactions to consumer products that contain triphenyl phosphate (TPP), but a study that examined several hundred people exposed to plastics and glues that contained TPP or TCP did not find any allergic reactions. (cdc.gov)

Parallel trenches are cut into the phosphate deposits to facilitate extraction of the material. (nasa.gov)
The largest rock phosphate deposits in North America lie in the Bone Valley region of central Florida , United States , the Soda Springs region of Idaho , and the coast of North Carolina . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Smaller deposits are located in Montana , Tennessee , Georgia , and South Carolina near Charleston along Ashley Phosphate road. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The small island nation of Nauru and its neighbor Banaba Island, which used to have massive phosphate deposits of the best quality, have been mined excessively. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Another argument by the opponents is that phosphates improve the cleaning power of detergents. (washingtonpost.com)
Supporters of the ban say that half the population of the country is doing just fine with phosphate-free detergents. (washingtonpost.com)
BRUSSELS, Nov. 4 (UPI) -- A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the European Union, the EU government said. (upi.com)
Antonio Tajani, the industrial commissioner and vice president of the European Commission, said he was proposing a ban on the use of phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds in laundry detergents in the EU. (upi.com)
The commission's proposal to ban phosphates in laundry detergents will ensure that European citizens benefit from an increased water quality of their lakes, rivers and marine waters while keeping European companies at the forefront of this sector," he said in a statement. (upi.com)
Detergents are the third-greatest source of phosphates after agriculture and sewage. (upi.com)
The draft regulation doesn't include phosphates used in detergents for automatic dishwashers. (upi.com)
City Council, bucked opposition from the nation's laundry-soap makers and unanimously adopted a ban on the sale of phosphate detergents. (csmonitor.com)
The phosphates in detergents are blamed for fueling excessive algae growth in the Clark Fork River and Lake Pend Oreille. (csmonitor.com)
The solution [to water-quality problems] unfortunately is a quantum leap from banning phosphate detergents,'' said Mr. Smith. (csmonitor.com)

Phosphate salts refers to many different combinations of the chemical phosphate with salts and minerals. (medlineplus.gov)
People use phosphate salts for medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
Be careful not to confuse phosphate salts with substances such as organophosphates, which are very poisonous. (medlineplus.gov)
Intravenous phosphate salts may also treat low phosphate levels in the blood when used under the supervision of a physician. (medlineplus.gov)
But intravenous phosphate salts should not be used. (medlineplus.gov)
More evidence is needed to rate phosphate salts for these uses. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphate salts can act as laxatives by causing more fluid to be drawn into the intestines and stimulating the gut to push out its contents faster. (medlineplus.gov)
The electrolytes required to assist the formation of a suspending structure may be phosphate or nonphosphate salts. (google.com)

Excessive plant growth and water runoff can deplete the soil of this nutrient, making it necessary to use phosphate fertilizers, such as those that contain trisodium phosphate. (ehow.com)
Phosphate rock mining, along with the inorganic fertilizers and animal feed supplements for which phosphate is mined, pollute our air, contaminate our water and destroy invaluable wildlife habitat. (biologicaldiversity.org)
The United States is the world's leading producer and consumer of phosphate rock, which is used to manufacture phosphate fertilizers and industrial products. (usgs.gov)
In addition to acting as detergent boosters, phosphates are fertilizers. (csmonitor.com)

Rock phosphate can also be found on Navassa Island. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Zinc phosphate ( Zn 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 ) is an inorganic chemical compound used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as part of an electroplating process or applied as a primer pigment (see also red lead ). (wikipedia.org)
[1] Zinc phosphate coats better on a crystalline structure than bare metal, so a seeding agent is often used as a pre-treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Natural forms of zinc phosphate include minerals hopeite and parahopeite , Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·4H 2 O. A somewhat similar mineral is natural hydrous zinc phosphate called tarbuttite , Zn 2 (PO 4 )(OH). (wikipedia.org)
Zinc phosphate is formed from zinc phosphate cement and used in dentistry . (wikipedia.org)
Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementation of inlays , crowns , bridges , and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration . (wikipedia.org)
With the zinc phosphate type conversion treatment, coating mainly consisting of hopeite and phosphophyllite is formed on the surface of steel sheet. (sae.org)
ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). (britannica.com)
Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent cementation, whereas ZOE is used for temporary cementation. (britannica.com)

Diuretics lower phosphate serum levels by enhancing renal excretion. (medscape.com)
But you should be aware that in 2013, Agrium experienced lower phosphate prices and volumes and higher costs. (yahoo.com)

Over 85% is used in fertiliser production and only less than 7% in feed phosphate production. (wikipedia.org)
Since the 1960s, global use of phosphate fertiliser has quadrupled leading to a marked rise in crop production in many situations. (wur.nl)
Shell Thiogro phosphate fertiliser technologies incorporate micronised elemental sulphur and sulphate sulphur into the most widely used phosphate fertilisers, including MAP, DAP, TSP and some NPKs, enabling the production of premium sulphur-enhanced fertilisers. (shell.com)
By replacing a portion of high-cost phosphate with lower-cost sulphur, fertiliser producers can save on raw material costs, produce more fertiliser overall, or redirect the extra phosphate to other high-margin uses. (shell.com)
Demand for phosphate fertiliser is predicted to increase as a growing world population puts pressure on the food supply chain. (www.csiro.au)

In weakly acid conditions, the dihydrogen phosphate ion (H 2 PO 4 − ) is most common. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Once one of the world's largest phosphate makers, Tunisia's production has halved since 2010 because of repeated protests and a fall in foreign buyers. (reuters.com)
Thus it's not all that surprising that Florida hosts the world's largest phosphate strip mine - 100,000 acres wide . (biologicaldiversity.org)

Furthermore, phosphates from animal manure must be extracted and reused because, in the Netherlands, that is where the phosphate surplus primarily accumulates. (wur.nl)
The phosphate content of animal manure was just over 2 percent higher in 2004 than in 2003. (cbs.nl)
The phosphate production through animal manure has thus fallen from 259 to 162 million kilograms, similar to the levels in the late sixties. (cbs.nl)

Overall SODIUM PHOSPHATES is of moderate concern in food. (ewg.org)

Inorganic phosphates are completely ionized, circulating primarily as HPO 4 2- or H 2 PO 4 - in a ratio of 4:1 at a plasma pH of 7.40. (uptodate.com)

BEIJING -(MarketWatch)- Sinofert Holdings Ltd. (0297.HK) is looking for potash and phosphate mining assets in and outside China, China Daily said in a report. (marketwatch.com)

Studies found that TDCP, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), TCP, and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) can easily pass from the stomach and intestines into the blood stream after oral exposure to these chemicals. (cdc.gov)

Phosphate is extracted from phosphate ores. (wur.nl)
A new smelting process for phosphate ores could open up the world's lower grade reserves, while solving the industry's waste problem. (www.csiro.au)
Pyrophos could be used to produce low grade phosphate ores without creating problematic waste. (www.csiro.au)
In contrast to wet acid, the new process involves applying heat to phosphate ores, resulting in a safe gravel byproduct. (www.csiro.au)

The use of phosphate strongly varies around the world: Europe, North America and China are intensive users of phosphate. (wur.nl)
It's the fourth-largest phosphate producer in North America. (yahoo.com)

and adrenal and ovarian lesions caused by tricresyl phosphate (TCP). (cdc.gov)

Trisodium phosphate crystals can bind with lead, keeping it from traveling through the soil. (ehow.com)
Although trisodium phosphate can help treat the soil, one of the most common agriculture uses for this substance involves using it as a seed treatment. (ehow.com)
Is Trisodium Phosphate Bad for You? (livestrong.com)

What Is Tricalcium Phosphate? (healthline.com)

Patients with kidney problems should refrain from consuming too much black tea, oolong tea and colas because of their high phosphate content, a renal specialist said yesterday. (taipeitimes.com)
Acetazolamide is particularly efficient in promoting renal phosphate excretion. (medscape.com)
As NaHCO3 delivery to the collecting duct increases, the renal excretion of phosphate increases. (medscape.com)

NaH2PO4 is the chemical formula for sodium phosphate, which is also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate. (reference.com)

CPG, which employs more than 30,000 people, produced 4.15 million tonnes of phosphate last year versus 3.3 million tonnes in 2016, its data showed. (reuters.com)
In 2016 the Center filed a notice of intent to sue the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for authorizing these phosphate mining projects, which would irretrievably damage imperiled endangered species habitat, threaten water quality and forever change Florida's landscape. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Global and China Boron Phosphates Market 2016: Segmented by. (mynewsdesk.com)

This ability is shared by certain other metabolites (e.g. glucose 1-phosphate) from which the accepted Calvin-cycle intermediates could easily be derived by known metabolic routes. (wikipedia.org)
discovered (1936) the activated intermediate, glucose 1-phosphate (phosphate bound to a specific carbon atom on the glucose molecule), known as the "Cori ester. (britannica.com)

Foods high in phosphate include dairy products, whole grain cereals, nuts, and certain meats. (medlineplus.gov)
Avoid food that is high in phosphate ester content. (cdc.gov)

This form of phosphate is abundant in the soil around forest fires and areas where plant debris collects. (ehow.com)

About half the reduction in the amounts of nitrogen and phosphate was the consequence of the fowl pest outbreak in 2003. (cbs.nl)
Because of the fowl pest, no figures are yet available on regional nitrogen and phosphate production in 2003. (cbs.nl)
Figures for 2002 show that compared with 2001, the nitrogen and phosphate production dropped most sharply (by 10 percent) in North Brabant and Limburg, provinces with a lot of intensive livestock farming. (cbs.nl)

Moreover, it is bad for the environment if too much unused phosphate ends up in the soil. (wur.nl)
The natural phosphate levels of the various soil types are low. (wur.nl)
However, too much accumulation of phosphate in the soil, for example on agricultural land, leads to phosphate leaching and runoff to the surface water. (wur.nl)
Most mining of phosphate rock involves clearing large swaths of vegetation and digging up the soil beneath to reach the phosphate-ore-containing matrix 60 to 80 feet below the surface. (biologicaldiversity.org)
Within this project, a protocol will be drafted that allows the phosphate status of agricultural soil to be determined. (wur.nl)
However, in several Dutch protocols for determination of the status of phosphate in arable soil, the buffering capacity of the soil was not taken into account. (wur.nl)
The goal of this project is (1) to provide a standardized system to determine the differences in buffering capacity of Dutch soils that is applicable to grass and arable land, (2) the calibration of this system, and the drafting of a protocol for the determination of the phosphate status of the soil in which the buffering capacity of the soil is taken into account. (wur.nl)

Sugar phosphates are not only involved in metabolic regulation and signaling but also involved in the synthesis of other phosphate compounds. (wikipedia.org)
In nature phosphorous is most abundant in phosphate compounds. (wur.nl)

Because in fact, the state of Florida is home to the majority of phosphate-mining operations in the United States - and the United States is the world's third-leading producer of phosphate rock. (biologicaldiversity.org)
The merger between Wengfu and Kailin will make the combined company the largest phosphate producer in China , leapfrogging the Yunnan -based Yuntianhua Group (YTH). (prnewswire.com)

Taking sodium or potassium phosphate by mouth is effective for preventing or treating low phosphate levels in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Early research shows that giving potassium phosphate intravenously (by IV) does not improve a diabetes complication in which the body produces too many blood acids called ketones. (medlineplus.gov)
Early research shows that giving sodium and potassium phosphate intravenously (by IV) over 24 hours prevents refeeding syndrome when restarting nutrition in people who are severely malnourished or starved. (medlineplus.gov)

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, USP 4 mg/mL is a sterile solution for intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intralesional and soft tissue administration. (nih.gov)
Dexamethason sodium phosphate injection, USP 10 mg/mL is a sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular use only. (nih.gov)

Creatine phosphate is the naturally occurring substance that provides short-term energy for the muscles during training and other energy-consuming activities. (reference.com)

What Is the Chemical Formula for Ammonium Phosphate? (reference.com)

Hundreds have occupied the mines of state-run Gafsa Phosphate (CPG), the main employer in the country's poor southern region, depriving Tunisia of badly needed hard currency and drawing a warning from a local MP that continued protests would hit the company. (reuters.com)
Those demonstrations have stopped, but youths have switched tactics to blocking all the phosphate mines and hitting the state where it hurts most. (reuters.com)
Phosphate is extracted from ore that is stored in mines. (wur.nl)
Put succinctly, the current phosphate reserves in the mines will last approximately for another 300 years. (wur.nl)

Maybe so, but phosphates also strengthen the killing power of water, by increasing the growth of algae that then die and decrease the supply of dissolved oxygen. (washingtonpost.com)
Phosphates discharged into waters create algae blooms, or eutrophication, that could deplete oxygen levels. (upi.com)
Lab 7: Nitrates and Phosphates and Algae, Oh My! (carleton.edu)
In addition to light, algae are also dependent on the availability of nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate or silicic acid for growth. (carleton.edu)
Coalition director Peter Nielsen said the coalition is being careful not to let people think a phosphate ban will solve all of Lake Pend Oreille's algae problems. (csmonitor.com)

Sodium phosphate is in a class of medications called saline laxatives. (medlineplus.gov)
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a salty mixture used in biological research. (wikihow.com)
To make a 1X (the normal concentration used for experiments) solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), you will need a 1-L graduated cylinder, a balance, a 2-L beaker, a stir bar, a stir plate, a pH meter, an autoclave, and a glass bottle for storage. (wikihow.com)

Unlike other phosphate coatings, lead phosphate does not impair the weldability of the steel substrate. (sae.org)

Manufacture Of Phosphate Fertilisers, Sichuan, China. (greenpeace.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms5

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs181

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care1

A novel interaction mechanism accounting for different acylphosphatase effects on cardiac and fast twitch skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps. (1/8540)

The Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in the vps33Delta vacuolar biogenesis mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2/8540)

Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (3/8540)

Myocardial oxygenation during high work states in hearts with postinfarction remodeling. (4/8540)

Effects of phosphate intake on distribution of type II Na/Pi cotransporter mRNA in rat kidney. (5/8540)

Biochemical indices of osteomalacia in pregnant Asian immigrants in Britain. (6/8540)

Bound forms of Ca taken up by the synaptic plasma membrane. (7/8540)

Mutations of Arg198 in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase cause inhibition of hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme intermediate formed from inorganic phosphate. (8/8540)

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Phosphates

Calcium Phosphates

Glucose-6-Phosphate

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases

Sugar Phosphates

Inositol Phosphates

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Phosphate Transport Proteins

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Glucosephosphates

Kinetics

Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Sphingosine

Pentosephosphates

Glycerophosphates

Carbamyl Phosphate

Hexosephosphates

Lysophospholipids

Phosphate-Binding Proteins

Ribosemonophosphates

Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates

Organophosphates

Aldehyde-Lyases

Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase

Fructosephosphates

Receptors, Lysosphingolipid

Receptor, IGF Type 2

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NADP+)

Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)

Mannosephosphates

Polyisoprenyl Phosphates

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)

Molecular Sequence Data

Organophosphorus Compounds

Trioses

Phosphotransferases

Adenosine Triphosphate

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Escherichia coli

Phosphorus

UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases

Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases

Amino Acid Sequence

Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)

Substrate Specificity

Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins

NADP

Ribulosephosphates

Hyperphosphatemia

Transaldolase

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (NAD+)

Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharides

Binding Sites

Glucose

Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)

Glycolysis

Calcium

Tritolyl Phosphates

Mannitol Phosphates

Magnesium

Carbohydrate Epimerases

Phosphatidylinositols

Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase

Propylene Glycols

Arsenates

Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugars

Hydrolysis

Alkaline Phosphatase

Hypophosphatemia

Erythritol

Phosphorylation