Calcium Phosphates
Glucose-6-Phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases
Inositol Phosphates
Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
An oxidative decarboxylation process that converts GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE to D-ribose-5-phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate. The pentose product is used in the biosynthesis of NUCLEIC ACIDS. The generated energy is stored in the form of NADPH. This pathway is prominent in tissues which are active in the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS and STEROIDS.
Phosphate Transport Proteins
Pyridoxal Phosphate
This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
An aldose-ketose isomerase that catalyzes the reversible interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms it plays an essential role in glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. In mammalian systems the enzyme is found in the cytoplasm and as a secreted protein. This secreted form of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase has been referred to as autocrine motility factor or neuroleukin, and acts as a cytokine which binds to the AUTOCRINE MOTILITY FACTOR RECEPTOR. Deficiency of the enzyme in humans is an autosomal recessive trait, which results in CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA.
Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase
Sphingosine
Carbamyl Phosphate
Lysophospholipids
Phosphate-Binding Proteins
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
Organophosphates
Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.
Aldehyde-Lyases
Receptors, Lysosphingolipid
Receptor, IGF Type 2
Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase (Isomerizing)
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Organophosphorus Compounds
Phosphotransferases
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Phosphorus
UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
Amino Acid Sequence
Myo-Inositol-1-Phosphate Synthase
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating)
Substrate Specificity
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Hyperphosphatemia
Transaldolase
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase
Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Monosaccharides
Binding Sites
Glucose
Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Tritolyl Phosphates
Magnesium
Carbohydrate Epimerases
Phosphatidylinositols
Mannose-6-Phosphate Isomerase
Propylene Glycols
Polyisoprenyl Phosphate Sugars
Alkaline Phosphatase
Erythritol
Phosphorylation
Phosphofructokinase-1
An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. D-tagatose- 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate also are acceptors. UTP, CTP, and ITP also are donors. In human phosphofructokinase-1, three types of subunits have been identified. They are PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, LIVER TYPE; and PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, TYPE C; found in platelets, brain, and other tissues.
Phosphocreatine
Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)
Mutation
3-Deoxy-7-Phosphoheptulonate Synthase
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Inositol
An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.
Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase
Liver
Phosphorus Radioisotopes
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
Fructosediphosphates
Base Sequence
Catalysis
Parathyroid Hormone
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Adenosine Diphosphate
Models, Molecular
Protein Binding
Polyphosphates
UTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Glucosamine 6-Phosphate N-Acetyltransferase
Buffers
Receptors, Lysophospholipid
Biological Transport
Hexokinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and a D-hexose to ADP and a D-hexose 6-phosphate. D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol, and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.1.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase
Rabbits
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa
Transketolase
Chromatography, Paper
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III
Hypophosphatemia, Familial
An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.
Phosphorus Isotopes
Durapatite
Phosphorus, Dietary
Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.
Cloning, Molecular
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Cattle
Phosphate Acetyltransferase
Temperature
Vidarabine Phosphate
UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Adenosine Monophosphate
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Enzyme Activation
Triose-Phosphate Isomerase
Glycerol
Acid Phosphatase
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Cells, Cultured
PHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral Endopeptidase
A membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase that may play a role in the degradation or activation of a variety of PEPTIDE HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Genetic mutations that result in loss of function of this protein are a cause of HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS, X-LINKED DOMINANT.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)
Cell Membrane
Phosphoglucomutase
Isoenzymes
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
Proton-Phosphate Symporters
Chemistry
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Guanosine Diphosphate Mannose
Carbon Isotopes
Phytic Acid
Chemical Phenomena
Bone Substitutes
Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders
Glucose-6-Phosphatase
Molecular Structure
Dolichol Monophosphate Mannose
Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
Rats, Inbred Strains
Kidney
Structure-Activity Relationship
Zinc Phosphate Cement
A material used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration. It is prepared by mixing zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powders with a liquid consisting principally of phosphoric acid, water, and buffers. (From Bouchers' Clinical Dental Terminology, 3d ed)
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Phosphofructokinase-2
An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, an allosteric effector for the other 6-phosphofructokinase, PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1. Phosphofructokinase-2 is bifunctional: the dephosphorylated form is a kinase and the phosphorylated form is a phosphatase that breaks down fructose-2,6-bisphosphate to yield fructose-6-phosphate.
Chromatography, Gel
Fluorides
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Glucosyltransferases
Amino Acids
Phosphatidic Acids
Apatites
Carrier Proteins
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Models, Chemical
Models, Biological
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Biological Transport, Active
Dolichol
1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase
Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases
Mannose
A novel interaction mechanism accounting for different acylphosphatase effects on cardiac and fast twitch skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pumps. (1/8540)
In cardiac and skeletal muscle Ca2+ translocation from cytoplasm into sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is accomplished by different Ca2+-ATPases whose functioning involves the formation and decomposition of an acylphosphorylated phosphoenzyme intermediate (EP). In this study we found that acylphosphatase, an enzyme well represented in muscular tissues and which actively hydrolyzes EP, had different effects on heart (SERCA2a) and fast twitch skeletal muscle SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1). With physiological acylphosphatase concentrations SERCA2a exhibited a parallel increase in the rates of both ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ transport; in contrast, SERCA1 appeared to be uncoupled since the stimulation of ATP hydrolysis matched an inhibition of Ca2+ pump. These different effects probably depend on phospholamban, which is associated with SERCA2a but not SERCA1. Consistent with this view, the present study suggests that acylphosphatase-induced stimulation of SERCA2a, in addition to an enhanced EP hydrolysis, may be due to a displacement of phospholamban, thus to a removal of its inhibitory effect. (+info)The Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis in the vps33Delta vacuolar biogenesis mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (2/8540)
The vacuole is the major site of intracellular Ca2+ storage in yeast and functions to maintain cytosolic Ca2+ levels within a narrow physiological range. In this study, we examined how cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is maintained in a vps33Delta vacuolar biogenesis mutant. We found that growth of the vps33Delta strain was sensitive to high or low extracellular Ca2+. This strain could not properly regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels and was able to retain only a small fraction of its total cellular Ca2+ in a nonexchangeable intracellular pool. Surprisingly, the vps33Delta strain contained more total cellular Ca2+ than the wild type strain. Because most cellular Ca2+ is normally found within the vacuole, this suggested that other intracellular compartments compensated for the reduced capacity to store Ca2+ within the vacuole of this strain. To test this hypothesis, we examined the contribution of the Golgi-localized Ca2+ ATPase Pmr1p in the maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We found that a vps33Delta/pmr1Delta strain was hypersensitive to high extracellular Ca2+. In addition, certain combinations of mutations effecting both vacuolar and Golgi Ca2+ transport resulted in synthetic lethality. These results indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis when vacuolar biogenesis is compromised. (+info)Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (3/8540)
The allosteric properties of AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.4.6] from chicken erythrocytes have been qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the concerted transition theory of Monod et al., on the assumption that this enzyme has different numbers of binding sites for each ligand. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit for all experimental saturation functions with respect to activation by alkali metals and inhibition by Pi, assuming that the numbers of binding sites for AMP, alkali metals, and Pi are 4, 2, and 4, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by concentrations of ATP and GTP below 0.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively, whereas activation of the enzyme was observed at ATP and GTP concentrations above 0.4 and 1.5 mM, respectively. These unusual kinetics with respect to ATP and GTP could be also accounted for by assuming 2 inhibitory and 4 activating sites for each ligand. (+info)Myocardial oxygenation during high work states in hearts with postinfarction remodeling. (4/8540)
BACKGROUND: Postinfarction left ventricular remodeling (LVR) is associated with reductions in myocardial high-energy phosphate (HEP) levels, which are more severe in animals that develop overt congestive heart failure (CHF). During high work states, further HEP loss occurs, which suggests demand-induced ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that inadequate myocyte oxygen availability is the basis for these HEP abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial infarction was produced by left circumflex coronary artery ligation in swine. Studies were performed in 20 normal animals, 14 animals with compensated LVR, and 9 animals with CHF. Phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP was determined with 31P NMR and deoxymyoglobin (Mb-delta) with 1H NMR in myocardium remote from the infarct. Basal PCr/ATP tended to be decreased in postinfarct hearts, and this was significant in animals with CHF. Infusion of dobutamine (20 microg x kg-1 x min-1 IV) caused doubling of the rate-pressure product in both normal and LVR hearts and resulted in comparable significant decreases of PCr/ATP in both groups. This decrease in PCr/ATP was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. In CHF hearts, rate-pressure product increased only 40% in response to dobutamine; this attenuated response also was not associated with detectable Mb-delta. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the decrease of PCr/ATP during dobutamine infusion is not the result of insufficient myocardial oxygen availability. Furthermore, in CHF hearts, the low basal PCr/ATP and the attenuated response to dobutamine occurred in the absence of myocardial hypoxia, indicating that the HEP and contractile abnormalities were not the result of insufficient oxygen availability. (+info)Effects of phosphate intake on distribution of type II Na/Pi cotransporter mRNA in rat kidney. (5/8540)
BACKGROUND: Renal phosphate (Pi) reabsorption is regulated by dietary Pi intake, as well as in other ways. Changes in Pi reabsorption are associated with the modulation of sodium/Pi cotransporter type II (NaPi-2) protein abundance in the brush border membrane (BBM) of proximal tubules (PTs) and of renal NaPi-2 mRNA levels. In this study, we address whether the NaPi-2 protein and NaPi-2 mRNA distribution patterns in the renal cortex vary in parallel with changes of dietary Pi intake. METHODS: We investigated in cryosections of perfusion-fixed rat kidneys by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) the distribution patterns of NaPi-2 mRNA and of NaPi-2 protein one week, two hours, and four hours after changes in dietary Pi intake. RESULTS: NaPi-2 mRNA and NaPi-2 protein were present in PTs exclusively. In rats adapted to one week of high Pi intake, signals for NaPi-2 mRNA and NaPi-2 protein in cortical PTs were weak, except in the convoluted parts of PTs of juxtamedullary nephrons. After one week of low Pi intake, the ISH and IHC signals for NaPi-2 were high in PT segments in all cortical levels. The switch from a chronic high to a low Pi intake within two and four hours induced no increase and a slight increase, respectively, in the NaPi-2 mRNA signal in PTs of midcortical and of superficial nephrons, whereas in the BBM of these nephrons, NaPi-2 protein was markedly up-regulated. Two and four hours after switching from low to high Pi intake, the overall high ISH signal for NaPi-2 mRNA was unchanged, whereas NaPi-2 protein staining was drastically down-regulated in the BBM of PTs from superficial and midcortical nephrons. CONCLUSIONS: The marked changes in NaPi-2 protein abundance in the BBM, following altered dietary Pi intake, precede corresponding changes at the RNA level by several hours. Thus, the early adaptation to altered Pi intake involves mRNA-independent mechanisms. The up- or down-regulation of NaPi-2 protein abundance in the BBM and NaPi-2 mRNA in PT affects mainly midcortical and superficial nephrons. (+info)Biochemical indices of osteomalacia in pregnant Asian immigrants in Britain. (6/8540)
Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary calcium excretion were examined during the second trimester of uncomplicated normal pregnancy in Asian immigrants to Britain and in local Caucasians. The mean serum calcium was significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians, and the mean serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in Asians. The geometric mean of the urinary calcium excretion was highly significantly lower in Asians than in Caucasians. The variances of the serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urine calcium excretion did not differ significantly in the two populations. This indicates that there is a shift in values of immigrant Asians as a group compared with Caucasians. A comparison with figures obtained on normal nonpregnant persons of both suggests that the shift is not an inherent feature of the Asian population. (+info)Bound forms of Ca taken up by the synaptic plasma membrane. (7/8540)
Temperature dependent Ca-binding by the synaptic plasma membrane was increased in the presence of ATP and Mg++. Apparent Km for ATP was about 2.8 X 10(-5) M and optimal concentration of Mg++ was 2 mM in the presence of 2 mM ATP. After preincubation with nonradioactive Ca++, ATP and Mg++ to attain a steady state, addition of 45Ca resulted in remarkable labelling of the membrane, indicating rapid turnover of most of the membrane bound Ca. The presence of oxalate (60 mM) greatly increased Ca up-take on prolonged incubation. The Ca uptake in presence and absence of oxalate had similar substrate specificity and was similarly influenced by various monovalent cations. Furthermore, activities for Ca-uptake in the presence and absence of oxalate could not be separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the synaptic plasma membrane fraction. Accordingly, it was considered that Ca++ in the medium was taken up by surface of the membrane, ATP- and temperature-dependently and then transferred into a cavity where the Ca-oxalate complex is formed. (+info)Mutations of Arg198 in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase cause inhibition of hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme intermediate formed from inorganic phosphate. (8/8540)
Arg198 of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was substituted with lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, alanine, and isoleucine by site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic analysis was performed with microsomal membranes isolated from COS-1 cells which were transfected with the mutated cDNAs. The rate of dephosphorylation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme was determined by first phosphorylating the Ca2+-ATPase with 32Pi and then diluting the sample with non-radioactive Pi. This rate was reduced substantially in the mutant R198Q, more strongly in the mutants R198A and R1981, and most strongly in the mutant R198E, but to a much lesser extent in R198K. The reduction in the rate of dephosphorylation was consistent with the observed decrease in the turnover rate of the Ca2+-ATPase accompanied by the steady-state accumulation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme formed from ATP. These results indicate that the positive charge and high hydrophilicity of Arg198 are critical for rapid hydrolysis of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme. (+info)
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Publikationen: Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie
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Mississippi Phosphates Corp. has been cited by the government for 40 safety and health violations following the deaths of two ... Mississippi Phosphates is a producer and marketer of diammonium phosphate, which is used as a fertilizer. The companys ... AP) - Mississippi Phosphates Corp. has been cited by the government for 40 safety and health violations following the deaths of ... manufacturing facilities consist of two sulfuric acid plants, a phosphoric acid plant and diammonium phosphate granulation ...
Zinc phosphate - Wikipedia
Zinc phosphate is formed from zinc phosphate cement and used in dentistry. Zinc phosphate dental cement is one of the oldest ... Zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) is an inorganic chemical compound used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as ... Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementation of inlays, crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a ... Natural forms of zinc phosphate include minerals hopeite and parahopeite, Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O. A somewhat similar mineral is natural ...
Monopotassium phosphate - Wikipedia
Monopotassium phosphate, MKP, (also potassium dihydrogenphosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate), KH. 2PO. 4, is a ... Dipotassium phosphate. Tripotassium phosphate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard ... "Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate". American Elements. Retrieved October 30, 2018.. *^ a b Fukami, T. (1990). "Refinement of the ... When used in fertilizer mixtures with urea and ammonium phosphates, it minimizes escape of ammonia by keeping the acidity at a ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00098765 - Aryl phosphates.
phosphate - Wiktionary
"Vanilla phosphate," the man helped, "cherry phosphate, orange phosphate, lime phosphate, lemon phosphate,. ... phosphate. Further reading[edit]. *"phosphate" in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the ... phosphate (third-person singular simple present phosphates, present participle phosphating, simple past and past participle ... "This man here," she said, "can make you a cherry Coke or a chocolate Coke or a phosphate - a chocolate phosphate or. " ...
EWG's Food Scores | Ingredient: SODIUM PHOSPHATES
EWG's Food Scores | Ingredient: Sodium Phosphates
Overall Sodium Phosphates is of moderate concern in food.. The overall ingredient concern is determined by using a weight of ... Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of ... Phosphate Homeostasis in CKD: Report of a Scientific Symposium Sponsored by the National Kidney Foundation. American journal of ... Phosphate levels and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology ...
Mixed-Anion Phosphates | SpringerLink
Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. ... Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. ... Durif A. (1995) Mixed-Anion Phosphates. In: Crystal Chemistry of Condensed Phosphates. Springer, Boston, MA. * DOI https://doi. ... there are no rules for the chemical preparation of these mixed-anion phosphates. The vast majority of them have been obtained ...
Phosphate Salts: MedlinePlus Supplements
Phosphate salts are commonly used for phosphate deficiency and for bowel cleansing before medical procedures. ... Phosphate dAluminium, Phosphate de Calcium, Phosphate de Magnésium, Phosphate Neutre de Calcium, Phosphate dOs, Phosphate ... Potassium Hydrogen Phosphate, Phosphate de Dipotassium, Phosphate dHydrogène de Potassium, Phosphate de Potassium, Phosphate ... Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Di-Calcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphates, Neutral Calcium Phosphate ...
dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214)
... is a dolichol phosphate (CHEBI:23875) dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) is conjugate acid of ... dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) has functional parent dolichol (CHEBI:16091) dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214) has role ... C35-phosphodolichol (CHEBI:77486) is a dolichyl phosphate (CHEBI:16214). dolichyl phosphate(2−) (CHEBI:57683) is conjugate base ... CHEBI:16214 - dolichyl phosphate. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ...
monocalcium phosphate | Encyclopedia.com
Source for information on monocalcium phosphate: A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition dictionary. ... www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/monocalcium-phosphate ... www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/monocalcium-phosphate ... "monocalcium phosphate ." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition . . Encyclopedia.com. 18 Feb. 2020 ,https://www.encyclopedia.com,. ...
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108)
... is a glycerone phosphates (CHEBI:24356) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) is a ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has role Escherichia coli metabolite (CHEBI:76971) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI: ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has role human metabolite (CHEBI:77746) dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) has ... dihydroxyacetone phosphate (CHEBI:16108) is conjugate acid of glycerone phosphate(2−) (CHEBI:57642) ...
Guanosine Phosphate | Encyclopedia.com
Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates (GMP, GDP [4], and GTP respectively). ... guanosine phosphate* The nucleotide [1] of the purine [2] base guanine [3]. ... guanosine phosphate The nucleotide of the purine base guanine. Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and ... guanosine phosphate A nucleotide of the purine base guanine. Guanosine phosphates are designated guanosine mono-, di-, and ...
Codeine phosphate
... codeine phosphate dosage, is there a difference between codeine and codeine phosphate, codeine phosphate and alcohol, and can ... information about taking codeine phosphate tablets or liquid, including codeine phosphate 30mg, codeine phosphate side effects ... Codeine phosphate may cause drowsiness and dizziness.. *It may be an offence to drive while you are taking codeine phosphate. ... What is codeine phosphate used for?. Codeine phosphate is often just known as codeine. Its prescribed for:. *Relieving mild to ...
EU proposes ban on detergent phosphates - UPI.com
A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the European ... said he was proposing a ban on the use of phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds in laundry detergents in the EU. ... Phosphates discharged into waters create algae blooms, or eutrophication, that could deplete oxygen levels. Detergents are the ... 4 (UPI) -- A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the ...
Sodium Phosphate: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Sodium Phosphate: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Before taking sodium phosphate,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to sodium phosphate, other medications, ... tell your doctor if you have already taken sodium phosphate or used an enema containing sodium phosphate within the past 7 days ... Sodium phosphate may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if either of these symptoms is severe or do not go away: *stomach ...
Category:Triphenyl phosphate - Wikimedia Commons
Study of Phosphate Coating Crystals
... the contribution ratio of phosphate treatment as the paint base coating reaches about 20% in corrosion resistance according to ... Study of Phosphate Coating Crystals 852217. In a car body painting system, the contribution ratio of phosphate treatment as the ... With the zinc phosphate type conversion treatment, coating mainly consisting of hopeite and phosphophyllite is formed on the ... The reason for this may be sought in the dissolution of phosphate coating when ED paint is applied (solubility) and when it is ...
All Content
Phosphate - Everything2.com
A lime phosphate may be called a Green River, and a grape one, a Purple Cow.. Phosphates occasionally appear in old movies ... The presence of phosphates in water is an important detail in water quality.. Phosphorus is essential for life. It is needed ... Phosphates come in various fruit flavors, such as cherry, strawberry, lemon, orange, etc. ...
Feed phosphates - Wikipedia
... and monodi-calcium phosphates) but also magnesium phosphates, sodium phosphates and even ammonium phosphates are used in animal ... Inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) are inorganic salts of phosphoric acid. The use of inorganic feed phosphates is necessary to ... Phosphates occur widely in nature mostly as phosphate rock or fluorapatite. Large deposits exist in Russia, USA, North Africa, ... The majority of the inorganic feed phosphates used in the EU and worldwide are calcium phosphates in different forms (mono-, di ...
Sugar phosphates - Wikipedia
Not only ribose 5-phosphate but also fructose 6-phosphate are an intermediate of the pentose-phosphate pathway which generates ... "Sugar-phosphate backbone". "Phosphate Backbone". "Case Study: Sugar Phosphates - Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate ... Sugar phosphates are defined as carbohydrates to which a phosphate group is bound by an ester or an either linkage, depending ... Sugar phosphates (sugars that have added or substituted phosphate groups) are often used in biological systems to store or ...
Rama Phosphates Chairman Speech - Business Standard News
Rama Phosphates Chairman Speech, Rama Phosphates updates and more at Business Standard news. ... Quick Links for Rama Phosphates:. * News. Announcements Brokerage Reports Business Earnings Sector ... Rama Phosphates Ltd. (RAMAPHOSP) - Chairman Speech. p{text-transform:none}. Company chairman speech. ...
Flash Analysis Announces new FlashCUBE™ Process NMR for Phosphates and Petrochemicals
We are excited to be debuting our FlashCUBE Process NMR systems at such an important venue for the phosphate industry,. ... "We are excited to be debuting our FlashCUBE Process NMR systems at such an important venue for the phosphate industry," said Dr ... The system(s) will be debuting at the Society of Mining Engineers Florida Phosphate Conference and the co-located Dreyer ... Debut versions are offered for phosphate, petrochemical, and lithium brine measurements.. The "Thin Solution" TS models are ...
The Florida Phosphate Deposits - Scientific American
Bou Craa Phosphate Mine, Western Sahara
Zinc phosphate | chemical compound | Britannica.com
... ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent ... Other articles where Zinc phosphate is discussed: bioceramics: Dental ceramics: … ... ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent ...
Trisodium Phosphate in the Soil | eHow
Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one ... Trisodium Phosphate Trisodium phosphate forms when phosphoric acids form sodium crystals. This form of phosphate is abundant in ... Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one ... Although trisodium phosphate can help treat the soil, one of the most common agriculture uses for this substance involves using ...
BAM R29: Gel-Phosphate Buffer | FDA
FDAs Bacteriological Analytical Manual (the BAM) is the agencys preferred laboratory procedures for the detection in food and cosmetic products of pathogens (bacterial, viral, parasitic, plus yeast and mold) and of microbial toxins. The complete BAM is now available online and will be updated as needed.
Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
... phosphate (TCEP); urinary bladder lesions caused by tributyl phosphate (TnBP); liver lesions caused by tributoxyethyl phosphate ... How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect children?. *How can families reduce the risk of exposure to phosphate ester ... What are phosphate ester flame retardants?. *What happens to phosphate ester flame retardants when they enter the environment? ... How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect children?. No studies have been conducted to examine the toxicity of phosphate ...
PhosphoricDiammonium phosphatePhosphorusCalciumFertilizerAmount of phosphateFlame retardantsInsolubleEstersLevels of phosphateTriphenylDepositsDetergentsSaltsFertilizersRock phosphateZinc phosphateLower phosphateFertiliserDihydrogen phosphate ionWorld's largest phosphateAnimal manureSODIUM PHOSPHATESInorganic phosphatesPotash and phosphateTCEPOresNorth AmericaTricresyl phosphateTrisodium phosphateTricalcium PhosphateRenalMonobasic2016Glucose 1-phosphaHigh in phosphateForm of phosphateNitrogen and phosphateSoilCompoundsProducerPotassium phosphateIntravenousNaturallyFormulaMinesAlgaeSalineCoatingsFertilisers
Phosphoric15
- The company's manufacturing facilities consist of two sulfuric acid plants, a phosphoric acid plant and diammonium phosphate granulation plant. (yahoo.com)
- Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of phosphoric acid on potassium carbonate . (wikipedia.org)
- Today more than 20 phosphates containing two kinds of phosphoric anions having different degrees of condensation are known. (springer.com)
- Inorganic feed phosphates (IFP) are inorganic salts of phosphoric acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The starting point of industrial feed phosphate production is technically pure (ortho) phosphoric acid (H3PO4) which is obtained from the apatite in a wet chemical process. (wikipedia.org)
- Trisodium phosphate forms when phosphoric acids form sodium crystals. (ehow.com)
- A phosphate (PO3−4) is an inorganic chemical and a salt of phosphoric acid. (dbpedia.org)
- Of the various phosphoric acids and phosphates, organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry (ecology), and inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in agriculture and industry. (dbpedia.org)
- After beneficiation, the separated phosphate ore is treated with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid, which is used in synthetic fertilizer. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- A combined company (referred to as WengfuKailin throughout this Insight) will be the third largest producer of both phosphoric acid and phosphate rock globally. (prnewswire.com)
- WengfuKailin will become the third largest phosphate producer globally, in phosphoric acid and phosphate rock terms, behind OCP and Mosaic. (prnewswire.com)
- The chemical formula for ammonium phosphate, also known as phosphoric acid, triammonium phosphate, or triammonium orthophosphate, is H12N3O4 or alternative. (reference.com)
- A phosphate , in inorganic chemistry , is a salt of phosphoric acid . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The phosphate ion carries a negative three formal charge and is the conjugate base of the hydrogenphosphate ion, HPO 4 2− , which is the conjugate base of H 2 PO 4 − , the dihydrogen phosphate ion, which in turn is the conjugate base of H 3 PO 4 , phosphoric acid . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid . (wikipedia.org)
Diammonium phosphate2
- Mississippi Phosphates is a producer and marketer of diammonium phosphate, which is used as a fertilizer. (yahoo.com)
- Average diammonium phosphate selling price fell 7.9 percent in the latest quarter, while average potash MOP (muriate of potash) selling price fell 16.9 percent. (reuters.com)
Phosphorus20
- The bill would ban phosphates from detergents and, supporters say, would substantially cut the amount of phosphorus being discharged into the Chesapeake Bay. (washingtonpost.com)
- The use of inorganic feed phosphates is necessary to meet the phosphorus requirements for animal production: to ensure optimal growth, fertility and bone development. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to different chemical compositions of the different feed phosphate sources, large differences do exist in their phosphorus availability for the different animal species. (wikipedia.org)
- However phosphate from the same source, produced by the same process, using the same raw materials, show consistent phosphorus availability, which can be measured in biological assays. (wikipedia.org)
- Consistent phosphorus availability relies on strict quality control during the process, to avoid degradation of orthophosphate into other unavailable phosphate forms. (wikipedia.org)
- Dietary allowances at the end take into account the availability of phosphorus within the diet and meet the requirements through supplementation with inorganic feed phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of possible phosphorus deficiencies in farmed animals, phosphorus is supplied in the form of inorganic feed phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
- In pigs, most phosphorus is absorbed from the small intestine -jejunum, duodenum- in the form of ortho-phosphate where its solubility is greatest. (wikipedia.org)
- This can be accomplished by reducing the supply of phosphorus, for example, by using less phosphate fertiliser in arable farming and horticulture on soils with a high phosphate level and by using low-phosphate animal feed in livestock farming. (wur.nl)
- In January, Sinofert said it would buy phosphate miner Xundian Lomon Phosphorus Chemical Ltd. in Yunnan province for CNY1.38 billion ($218.5 million). (marketwatch.com)
- Oral phosphate binders are used to decrease the highly efficient gastrointestinal absorption of phosphorus. (medscape.com)
- Lanthanum carbonate is a noncalcium, nonaluminum phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of high phosphorus levels in patients with end-stage renal disease. (medscape.com)
- Phosphate rock minerals are the only significant global resources of phosphorus. (usgs.gov)
- Phosphorus in the form of phosphate, is an irreplaceable component in fertiliser with an estimated global market worth US$51.6 billion. (www.csiro.au)
- Then there is the impending shortage of two fertilizers: phosphorus (phosphate) and potassium (potash). (businessinsider.com)
- In comparison to calcium, plasma phosphorus exists in both organic and inorganic forms, including phospholipids, ester phosphates, and inorganic phosphates. (uptodate.com)
- Phosphates are the naturally occurring form of the element phosphorus , found in many phosphate minerals. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- In biological systems, phosphorus is found as a free phosphate ion in solution and is called inorganic phosphate , to distinguish it from phosphates bound in various phosphate esters. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- User standards for nitrogen and phosphate are determined to regulate the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in line with crop needs. (wur.nl)
- Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSMs) are a group of beneficial microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing organic and inorganic insoluble phosphorus compounds to soluble P form that can easily be assimilated by plants. (hindawi.com)
Calcium30
- Phosphate salts are most commonly used for bowel cleansing, low blood levels of phosphate, constipation, high blood levels of calcium, and heartburn. (medlineplus.gov)
- Aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate are FDA-permitted ingredients used in antacids. (medlineplus.gov)
- Taking phosphate salt (except calcium phosphate) by mouth is likely effective for treating high levels of calcium in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Taking potassium phosphate by mouth can help prevent calcium kidney stones from forming in patients with high urine levels of calcium. (medlineplus.gov)
- Taking other phosphate salts such as calcium phosphate or potassium phosphate doesn't improve running or cycling performance. (medlineplus.gov)
- Research shows that taking calcium phosphate by mouth helps improve bone density of the hip and lower spine in women with osteoporosis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Phosphate salts containing sodium, potassium, aluminum, or calcium are LIKELY SAFE for most people when taken by mouth appropriately and short-term. (medlineplus.gov)
- monocalcium phosphate See calcium acid phosphate . (encyclopedia.com)
- The majority of the inorganic feed phosphates used in the EU and worldwide are calcium phosphates in different forms (mono-, di- and monodi-calcium phosphates) but also magnesium phosphates, sodium phosphates and even ammonium phosphates are used in animal nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
- It lowers serum phosphate to near normal levels in hemodialysis patients as effectively as calcium acetate without inducing hypercalcemia or increased aluminum levels. (medscape.com)
- Sucroferric oxyhydroxide is an iron-based, calcium-free phosphate binder. (medscape.com)
- Calcium carbonate combines with dietary phosphate to form insoluble calcium phosphate, which is excreted in feces. (medscape.com)
- Should You Take Calcium Phosphate? (healthline.com)
- They're made of calcium phosphate, a compound of calcium and phosphorous. (healthline.com)
- Does this mean taking calcium phosphate supplements can give you healthier bones ? (healthline.com)
- Calcium phosphate - which you find as tricalcium phosphate in supplements - contains close to 39 percent elemental calcium. (healthline.com)
- Is calcium phosphate the answer? (healthline.com)
- In most cases, calcium phosphate offers no advantage over calcium carbonate or calcium citrate," said Dr. Roger Phipps, assistant professor at Husson University School of Pharmacy. (healthline.com)
- So calcium phosphate may be a more appropriate supplement in someone with phosphate deficiency. (healthline.com)
- The toxicity of phosphates is because of their ability to sequester calcium. (hazard.com)
- May sequester calcium and cause calcium phosphate deposits in the kidneys. (hazard.com)
- Calcium and phosphate in renal failure. (bmj.com)
- any of several phosphates of calcium occurring naturally in some rocks and in animal bones, used as a fertilizer and food additive as well as in baking powder and dentifrices. (dictionary.com)
- Calcium phosphate is deliquescent, and will dissolve in the water it absorbs from the atmosphere if it is not kept in a closed container. (dictionary.com)
- The maintenance of calcium and phosphate homeostasis involves intestinal, bone, and renal handling of these ions. (uptodate.com)
- Of the plasma calcium, roughly 40 percent is bound to albumin, 15 percent is complexed with citrate, sulfate, or phosphate, and 45 percent exists as the physiologically important ionized (or free) calcium. (uptodate.com)
- Only a small fraction of the total body calcium and phosphate is located in the plasma. (uptodate.com)
- However, it is the plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate that are under hormonal control. (uptodate.com)
- The physiologic roles of other hormones (such as calcitonin and estrogens) in the regulation of calcium and phosphate balance are incompletely understood [ 7 ]. (uptodate.com)
- Yet, the availability of soluble forms of P for plants in the soils is limited because of its fixation as insoluble phosphates of iron, aluminum, and calcium in the soil [ 2 , 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Fertilizer9
- 4 , is a soluble salt of potassium and the dihydrogen phosphate ion which is used as a fertilizer , a food additive and a fungicide . (wikipedia.org)
- When used in fertilizer mixtures with urea and ammonium phosphates , it minimizes escape of ammonia by keeping the acidity at a relatively low level. (wikipedia.org)
- Phosphate is a prime component of agricultural fertilizer, and Bou Craa is one of the largest phosphate mines in the world. (nasa.gov)
- Trisodium phosphate, or TSP, is a form of phosphorous that can help protect the health of your plants, although it is not one of the more common forms of phosphorous fertilizer. (ehow.com)
- 80 percent of the extracted phosphate ends up as artificial fertilizer on land. (wur.nl)
- This insight analyses the potential structure of a combined company and its likely influence on the global phosphate market - an influence we believe will be small for fertilizer markets but more impactful in the niche phosphate salts and value-added markets. (prnewswire.com)
- Reuters) - U.S. fertilizer maker Mosaic Co ( MOS.N ) reported a smaller-than-expected quarterly profit on Tuesday, as higher sales volumes were offset by lower phosphate and potash prices. (reuters.com)
- The company, which agreed to buy Vale SA's VALE5.SA fertilizer unit for about $2.5 billion in December, has been coping with a capacity glut and soft crop prices that have pushed potash and phosphate prices to multi-year lows. (reuters.com)
- The contract with OCP sets a price that's indexed to phosphate fertilizer price. (yahoo.com)
Amount of phosphate4
- A soil test can help determine the amount of phosphate in your existing soil. (ehow.com)
- Yes or No, The amount of phosphate needed or available for a purpose, including estimates of phosphate in and phosphate out, and the phosphate form, determine the phosphate budget for a cell or an entire organism. (wikiversity.org)
- The amount of phosphate in animal manure was 7 percent lower in 2003 than in the preceding year. (cbs.nl)
- The amount of phosphate fell by nearly 40 percent in the same period, from 259 to 159 million kilograms. (cbs.nl)
Flame retardants28
- This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about phosphate ester flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
- The general population is primarily exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants by eating contaminated food. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants are human-made chemicals that are typically liquids at room temperature, although some are solids. (cdc.gov)
- What happens to phosphate ester flame retardants when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
- How might I be exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants? (cdc.gov)
- How can phosphate ester flame retardants affect my health? (cdc.gov)
- Long-term occupational exposure to two flame retardants (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, TDCP, and triphenyl phosphate, TPP) did not produce adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
- How likely are phosphate ester flame retardants to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
- There is not enough information available to determine with certainty whether or not phosphate ester flame retardants produce cancer in humans. (cdc.gov)
- No studies have been conducted to examine the toxicity of phosphate ester flame retardants in children. (cdc.gov)
- How can families reduce the risk of exposure to phosphate ester flame retardants? (cdc.gov)
- Avoid installation or use of materials that are known to contain phosphate esters-based flame retardants in indoor environments to minimize exposure via air. (cdc.gov)
- This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants . (cdc.gov)
- This public health statement tells you about phosphate ester flame retardants and the effects of exposure to them. (cdc.gov)
- This profile discusses the following phosphate ester flame retardants: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tributyl phosphate (TnBP), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP), and tricresyl phosphate (TCP). (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants have been found in at least 8 of the 1,699 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
- Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for these substances is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which phosphate ester flame retardants are found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
- If you are exposed to phosphate ester flame retardants, many factors will determine whether you will be harmed. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants are human-made chemicals added to consumer and industrial products for the purpose of reducing flammability. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants are composed of a group of chemicals with similar properties but slightly different structures. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants are released to the environment from industrial sources and disposal of consumer products containing flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate ester flame retardants can change chemical composition in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Ingesting contaminated food: Most foods have been found to contain trace amounts of phosphate ester flame retardants due to their wide use in plastics and presence in the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Indoor air can contain phosphate ester flame retardants from certain plastics, adhesives, foams, or electronics. (cdc.gov)
- Currently, we do not know much about phosphate ester flame retardants and the body. (cdc.gov)
- There is no information on how these chemicals leave your body, but based on studies in animals, phosphate ester flame retardants may be broken down in the body and the breakdown product may be eliminated in the urine. (cdc.gov)
- Neither phosphate ester flame retardants nor their breakdown products seemed to accumulate in the body based on studies in animals. (cdc.gov)
- Few studies have looked at the health effects of exposure to phosphate ester flame retardants. (cdc.gov)
Insoluble4
- Ferric iron binds dietary phosphate in the GI tract and precipitates as ferric phosphate, which is insoluble and is excreted in the feces. (medscape.com)
- Many phosphates are insoluble in water at standard temperature and pressure, except for the alkali metal salts. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Most other phosphates are only slightly soluble or are insoluble in water. (wikipedia.org)
- Soil test values are generally much higher, but the greater part of it, about 95 to 99%, is present in the form of insoluble phosphates [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Esters11
- Phosphate esters are added to consumer and industrial products in order to reduce flammability. (cdc.gov)
- Some phosphate esters will deposit on wet and dry surfaces and others will be broken down by water. (cdc.gov)
- Most foods contain small amounts of phosphate esters and you may be exposed by eating contaminated food. (cdc.gov)
- Drinking water may contain phosphate esters due to leakage from plastics or industrial waste water discharge. (cdc.gov)
- The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and the EPA have not classified the carcinogenic potential of the phosphate esters. (cdc.gov)
- Generally, most phosphate esters are poorly soluble in water and adsorb strongly to soils. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphate esters are subject to biodegradation in aquatic and terrestrial environments. (cdc.gov)
- Breathing contaminated outdoor air: Hydraulic fluid is the primary source of phosphate esters in outdoor air. (cdc.gov)
- Ingesting food contaminated with phosphate esters is the primary source of exposure. (cdc.gov)
- Drinking water contaminated with phosphate esters due to leaching from plastics or industrial waste water discharge is another potential exposure route. (cdc.gov)
- Hydraulic fluid spills or industrial waste water used for agriculture can result in the presence of phosphate esters in soil. (cdc.gov)
Levels of phosphate1
- Chiang said that research has shown that bubble tea and colas contain high levels of phosphate and are unsuitable for kidney disease patients. (taipeitimes.com)
Triphenyl1
- There have been a few cases of allergic reactions to consumer products that contain triphenyl phosphate (TPP), but a study that examined several hundred people exposed to plastics and glues that contained TPP or TCP did not find any allergic reactions. (cdc.gov)
Deposits4
- Parallel trenches are cut into the phosphate deposits to facilitate extraction of the material. (nasa.gov)
- The largest rock phosphate deposits in North America lie in the Bone Valley region of central Florida , United States , the Soda Springs region of Idaho , and the coast of North Carolina . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Smaller deposits are located in Montana , Tennessee , Georgia , and South Carolina near Charleston along Ashley Phosphate road. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- The small island nation of Nauru and its neighbor Banaba Island, which used to have massive phosphate deposits of the best quality, have been mined excessively. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Detergents10
- Another argument by the opponents is that phosphates improve the cleaning power of detergents. (washingtonpost.com)
- Supporters of the ban say that half the population of the country is doing just fine with phosphate-free detergents. (washingtonpost.com)
- BRUSSELS, Nov. 4 (UPI) -- A European-wide ban on phosphates in laundry detergents would bring holistic improvements to water quality in the European Union, the EU government said. (upi.com)
- Antonio Tajani, the industrial commissioner and vice president of the European Commission, said he was proposing a ban on the use of phosphates and phosphate-containing compounds in laundry detergents in the EU. (upi.com)
- The commission's proposal to ban phosphates in laundry detergents will ensure that European citizens benefit from an increased water quality of their lakes, rivers and marine waters while keeping European companies at the forefront of this sector," he said in a statement. (upi.com)
- Detergents are the third-greatest source of phosphates after agriculture and sewage. (upi.com)
- The draft regulation doesn't include phosphates used in detergents for automatic dishwashers. (upi.com)
- City Council, bucked opposition from the nation's laundry-soap makers and unanimously adopted a ban on the sale of phosphate detergents. (csmonitor.com)
- The phosphates in detergents are blamed for fueling excessive algae growth in the Clark Fork River and Lake Pend Oreille. (csmonitor.com)
- The solution [to water-quality problems] unfortunately is a quantum leap from banning phosphate detergents,'' said Mr. Smith. (csmonitor.com)
Salts8
- Phosphate salts refers to many different combinations of the chemical phosphate with salts and minerals. (medlineplus.gov)
- People use phosphate salts for medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Be careful not to confuse phosphate salts with substances such as organophosphates, which are very poisonous. (medlineplus.gov)
- Intravenous phosphate salts may also treat low phosphate levels in the blood when used under the supervision of a physician. (medlineplus.gov)
- But intravenous phosphate salts should not be used. (medlineplus.gov)
- More evidence is needed to rate phosphate salts for these uses. (medlineplus.gov)
- Phosphate salts can act as laxatives by causing more fluid to be drawn into the intestines and stimulating the gut to push out its contents faster. (medlineplus.gov)
- The electrolytes required to assist the formation of a suspending structure may be phosphate or nonphosphate salts. (google.com)
Fertilizers4
- Excessive plant growth and water runoff can deplete the soil of this nutrient, making it necessary to use phosphate fertilizers, such as those that contain trisodium phosphate. (ehow.com)
- Phosphate rock mining, along with the inorganic fertilizers and animal feed supplements for which phosphate is mined, pollute our air, contaminate our water and destroy invaluable wildlife habitat. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- The United States is the world's leading producer and consumer of phosphate rock, which is used to manufacture phosphate fertilizers and industrial products. (usgs.gov)
- In addition to acting as detergent boosters, phosphates are fertilizers. (csmonitor.com)
Rock phosphate1
- Rock phosphate can also be found on Navassa Island. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Zinc phosphate8
- Zinc phosphate ( Zn 3 ( P O 4 ) 2 ) is an inorganic chemical compound used as a corrosion resistant coating on metal surfaces either as part of an electroplating process or applied as a primer pigment (see also red lead ). (wikipedia.org)
- [1] Zinc phosphate coats better on a crystalline structure than bare metal, so a seeding agent is often used as a pre-treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Natural forms of zinc phosphate include minerals hopeite and parahopeite , Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·4H 2 O. A somewhat similar mineral is natural hydrous zinc phosphate called tarbuttite , Zn 2 (PO 4 )(OH). (wikipedia.org)
- Zinc phosphate is formed from zinc phosphate cement and used in dentistry . (wikipedia.org)
- Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementation of inlays , crowns , bridges , and orthodontic appliances and occasionally as a temporary restoration . (wikipedia.org)
- With the zinc phosphate type conversion treatment, coating mainly consisting of hopeite and phosphophyllite is formed on the surface of steel sheet. (sae.org)
- ceramic dental cement systems are zinc phosphate and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE). (britannica.com)
- Zinc phosphate is typically used for permanent cementation, whereas ZOE is used for temporary cementation. (britannica.com)
Lower phosphate2
- Diuretics lower phosphate serum levels by enhancing renal excretion. (medscape.com)
- But you should be aware that in 2013, Agrium experienced lower phosphate prices and volumes and higher costs. (yahoo.com)
Fertiliser5
- Over 85% is used in fertiliser production and only less than 7% in feed phosphate production. (wikipedia.org)
- Since the 1960s, global use of phosphate fertiliser has quadrupled leading to a marked rise in crop production in many situations. (wur.nl)
- Shell Thiogro phosphate fertiliser technologies incorporate micronised elemental sulphur and sulphate sulphur into the most widely used phosphate fertilisers, including MAP, DAP, TSP and some NPKs, enabling the production of premium sulphur-enhanced fertilisers. (shell.com)
- By replacing a portion of high-cost phosphate with lower-cost sulphur, fertiliser producers can save on raw material costs, produce more fertiliser overall, or redirect the extra phosphate to other high-margin uses. (shell.com)
- Demand for phosphate fertiliser is predicted to increase as a growing world population puts pressure on the food supply chain. (www.csiro.au)
Dihydrogen phosphate ion1
- In weakly acid conditions, the dihydrogen phosphate ion (H 2 PO 4 − ) is most common. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
World's largest phosphate2
- Once one of the world's largest phosphate makers, Tunisia's production has halved since 2010 because of repeated protests and a fall in foreign buyers. (reuters.com)
- Thus it's not all that surprising that Florida hosts the world's largest phosphate strip mine - 100,000 acres wide . (biologicaldiversity.org)
Animal manure3
- Furthermore, phosphates from animal manure must be extracted and reused because, in the Netherlands, that is where the phosphate surplus primarily accumulates. (wur.nl)
- The phosphate content of animal manure was just over 2 percent higher in 2004 than in 2003. (cbs.nl)
- The phosphate production through animal manure has thus fallen from 259 to 162 million kilograms, similar to the levels in the late sixties. (cbs.nl)
SODIUM PHOSPHATES1
- Overall SODIUM PHOSPHATES is of moderate concern in food. (ewg.org)
Inorganic phosphates1
- Inorganic phosphates are completely ionized, circulating primarily as HPO 4 2- or H 2 PO 4 - in a ratio of 4:1 at a plasma pH of 7.40. (uptodate.com)
Potash and phosphate1
- BEIJING -(MarketWatch)- Sinofert Holdings Ltd. (0297.HK) is looking for potash and phosphate mining assets in and outside China, China Daily said in a report. (marketwatch.com)
TCEP1
- Studies found that TDCP, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), TCP, and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) can easily pass from the stomach and intestines into the blood stream after oral exposure to these chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Ores4
- Phosphate is extracted from phosphate ores. (wur.nl)
- A new smelting process for phosphate ores could open up the world's lower grade reserves, while solving the industry's waste problem. (www.csiro.au)
- Pyrophos could be used to produce low grade phosphate ores without creating problematic waste. (www.csiro.au)
- In contrast to wet acid, the new process involves applying heat to phosphate ores, resulting in a safe gravel byproduct. (www.csiro.au)
North America2
Tricresyl phosphate1
- and adrenal and ovarian lesions caused by tricresyl phosphate (TCP). (cdc.gov)
Trisodium phosphate3
- Trisodium phosphate crystals can bind with lead, keeping it from traveling through the soil. (ehow.com)
- Although trisodium phosphate can help treat the soil, one of the most common agriculture uses for this substance involves using it as a seed treatment. (ehow.com)
- Is Trisodium Phosphate Bad for You? (livestrong.com)
Tricalcium Phosphate1
- What Is Tricalcium Phosphate? (healthline.com)
Renal3
- Patients with kidney problems should refrain from consuming too much black tea, oolong tea and colas because of their high phosphate content, a renal specialist said yesterday. (taipeitimes.com)
- Acetazolamide is particularly efficient in promoting renal phosphate excretion. (medscape.com)
- As NaHCO3 delivery to the collecting duct increases, the renal excretion of phosphate increases. (medscape.com)
Monobasic1
- NaH2PO4 is the chemical formula for sodium phosphate, which is also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate. (reference.com)
20163
- CPG, which employs more than 30,000 people, produced 4.15 million tonnes of phosphate last year versus 3.3 million tonnes in 2016, its data showed. (reuters.com)
- In 2016 the Center filed a notice of intent to sue the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for authorizing these phosphate mining projects, which would irretrievably damage imperiled endangered species habitat, threaten water quality and forever change Florida's landscape. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- Global and China Boron Phosphates Market 2016: Segmented by. (mynewsdesk.com)
Glucose 1-phospha2
- This ability is shared by certain other metabolites (e.g. glucose 1-phosphate) from which the accepted Calvin-cycle intermediates could easily be derived by known metabolic routes. (wikipedia.org)
- discovered (1936) the activated intermediate, glucose 1-phosphate (phosphate bound to a specific carbon atom on the glucose molecule), known as the "Cori ester. (britannica.com)
High in phosphate2
- Foods high in phosphate include dairy products, whole grain cereals, nuts, and certain meats. (medlineplus.gov)
- Avoid food that is high in phosphate ester content. (cdc.gov)
Form of phosphate1
- This form of phosphate is abundant in the soil around forest fires and areas where plant debris collects. (ehow.com)
Nitrogen and phosphate3
- About half the reduction in the amounts of nitrogen and phosphate was the consequence of the fowl pest outbreak in 2003. (cbs.nl)
- Because of the fowl pest, no figures are yet available on regional nitrogen and phosphate production in 2003. (cbs.nl)
- Figures for 2002 show that compared with 2001, the nitrogen and phosphate production dropped most sharply (by 10 percent) in North Brabant and Limburg, provinces with a lot of intensive livestock farming. (cbs.nl)
Soil7
- Moreover, it is bad for the environment if too much unused phosphate ends up in the soil. (wur.nl)
- The natural phosphate levels of the various soil types are low. (wur.nl)
- However, too much accumulation of phosphate in the soil, for example on agricultural land, leads to phosphate leaching and runoff to the surface water. (wur.nl)
- Most mining of phosphate rock involves clearing large swaths of vegetation and digging up the soil beneath to reach the phosphate-ore-containing matrix 60 to 80 feet below the surface. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- Within this project, a protocol will be drafted that allows the phosphate status of agricultural soil to be determined. (wur.nl)
- However, in several Dutch protocols for determination of the status of phosphate in arable soil, the buffering capacity of the soil was not taken into account. (wur.nl)
- The goal of this project is (1) to provide a standardized system to determine the differences in buffering capacity of Dutch soils that is applicable to grass and arable land, (2) the calibration of this system, and the drafting of a protocol for the determination of the phosphate status of the soil in which the buffering capacity of the soil is taken into account. (wur.nl)
Compounds2
- Sugar phosphates are not only involved in metabolic regulation and signaling but also involved in the synthesis of other phosphate compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- In nature phosphorous is most abundant in phosphate compounds. (wur.nl)
Producer2
- Because in fact, the state of Florida is home to the majority of phosphate-mining operations in the United States - and the United States is the world's third-leading producer of phosphate rock. (biologicaldiversity.org)
- The merger between Wengfu and Kailin will make the combined company the largest phosphate producer in China , leapfrogging the Yunnan -based Yuntianhua Group (YTH). (prnewswire.com)
Potassium phosphate3
- Taking sodium or potassium phosphate by mouth is effective for preventing or treating low phosphate levels in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
- Early research shows that giving potassium phosphate intravenously (by IV) does not improve a diabetes complication in which the body produces too many blood acids called ketones. (medlineplus.gov)
- Early research shows that giving sodium and potassium phosphate intravenously (by IV) over 24 hours prevents refeeding syndrome when restarting nutrition in people who are severely malnourished or starved. (medlineplus.gov)
Intravenous2
- Dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, USP 4 mg/mL is a sterile solution for intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intralesional and soft tissue administration. (nih.gov)
- Dexamethason sodium phosphate injection, USP 10 mg/mL is a sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular use only. (nih.gov)
Naturally1
- Creatine phosphate is the naturally occurring substance that provides short-term energy for the muscles during training and other energy-consuming activities. (reference.com)
Formula1
- What Is the Chemical Formula for Ammonium Phosphate? (reference.com)
Mines4
- Hundreds have occupied the mines of state-run Gafsa Phosphate (CPG), the main employer in the country's poor southern region, depriving Tunisia of badly needed hard currency and drawing a warning from a local MP that continued protests would hit the company. (reuters.com)
- Those demonstrations have stopped, but youths have switched tactics to blocking all the phosphate mines and hitting the state where it hurts most. (reuters.com)
- Phosphate is extracted from ore that is stored in mines. (wur.nl)
- Put succinctly, the current phosphate reserves in the mines will last approximately for another 300 years. (wur.nl)
Algae5
- Maybe so, but phosphates also strengthen the killing power of water, by increasing the growth of algae that then die and decrease the supply of dissolved oxygen. (washingtonpost.com)
- Phosphates discharged into waters create algae blooms, or eutrophication, that could deplete oxygen levels. (upi.com)
- Lab 7: Nitrates and Phosphates and Algae, Oh My! (carleton.edu)
- In addition to light, algae are also dependent on the availability of nutrients such as nitrate, phosphate or silicic acid for growth. (carleton.edu)
- Coalition director Peter Nielsen said the coalition is being careful not to let people think a phosphate ban will solve all of Lake Pend Oreille's algae problems. (csmonitor.com)
Saline3
- Sodium phosphate is in a class of medications called saline laxatives. (medlineplus.gov)
- Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is a salty mixture used in biological research. (wikihow.com)
- To make a 1X (the normal concentration used for experiments) solution of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), you will need a 1-L graduated cylinder, a balance, a 2-L beaker, a stir bar, a stir plate, a pH meter, an autoclave, and a glass bottle for storage. (wikihow.com)
Coatings1
- Unlike other phosphate coatings, lead phosphate does not impair the weldability of the steel substrate. (sae.org)
Fertilisers1
- Manufacture Of Phosphate Fertilisers, Sichuan, China. (greenpeace.org)