Graphic registration of the heart sounds picked up as vibrations and transformed by a piezoelectric crystal microphone into a varying electrical output according to the stresses imposed by the sound waves. The electrical output is amplified by a stethograph amplifier and recorded by a device incorporated into the electrocardiograph or by a multichannel recording machine.
The sounds heard over the cardiac region produced by the functioning of the heart. There are four distinct sounds: the first occurs at the beginning of SYSTOLE and is heard as a "lubb" sound; the second is produced by the closing of the AORTIC VALVE and PULMONARY VALVE and is heard as a "dupp" sound; the third is produced by vibrations of the ventricular walls when suddenly distended by the rush of blood from the HEART ATRIA; and the fourth is produced by atrial contraction and ventricular filling.
Heart sounds caused by vibrations resulting from the flow of blood through the heart. Heart murmurs can be examined by HEART AUSCULTATION, and analyzed by their intensity (6 grades), duration, timing (systolic, diastolic, or continuous), location, transmission, and quality (musical, vibratory, blowing, etc).
Act of listening for sounds within the heart.
The graphic recording of chest wall movement due to cardiac impulses.

Malfunction of Bjork-Shiley valve prosthesis in tricuspid position. (1/142)

Eight months after triple valve replacement with Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valves a patient developed symptoms and signs suggesting malfunction of the prosthesis in the tricuspid position. This was confirmed by echocardiography and angiocardiography, and at operation thedisc of the prosthesis was found to be stuck half-open by fibrin and clot. A further 11 patients with the same tupe of prosthesis in the triscupid position were then studied by phonocardiography and echocardiography. In one of these the prosthesis was found to be stuck and this was confirmed by angiocardiography and surgery. These 2 cases are reported in detail and the findings in the other 10 are discussed. The implications of this high incidence of malfunction of the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in the tricuspid position are considered. Echocardiography appears to be essential in the follow-up of such patients.  (+info)

Smaller infarct after preconditioning does not predict extent of early functional improvement of reperfused heart. (2/142)

We evaluated the ability of ischemic preconditioning to restore function to salvaged myocardium in rabbits. Although ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size, few investigators studying recovery of function after coronary occlusions lasting >/=30 min have reported any mechanical benefit in preconditioned hearts. However, because myocardial function was seldom evaluated beyond 5 h after reperfusion stunning may have masked the benefit. Accordingly, rabbits were chronically instrumented with a pneumatic occluder around a branch of the left coronary artery, a pair of 1-mm ultrasonic crystals in the myocardial territory destined to become ischemic, and electrocardiogram (ECG) leads. One week after surgery the ECG and segment length tracing were recorded at rest, during 30-min occlusion and 1 h of reflow, and again at 24, 48, and 72 h. In ischemically preconditioned rabbits, 5-min coronary occlusion and 10-min reperfusion preceded the long occlusion. The beginning and end of systole were determined by recording the first and second heart sounds with a hand-held precordial microphone. Postmortem infarct size was measured with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. During the 30-min coronary occlusion all segments became nearly akinetic or bulged during systole. After 60 min of reflow there was little return of function in either group. Between 24 and 72 h there was minimal recovery in the control group (segment shortening equals 13.3 +/- 4.1% of baseline), whereas function was much better in preconditioned hearts (44.2 +/- 7.4% of baseline, P < 0.02). Infarct size as a percentage of risk zone was much smaller in preconditioned hearts (10.2 +/- 1.4 vs. 29.7 +/- 1.8%, P < 0.001). Thus there is a gradual recovery of systolic function of reperfused myocardium after a coronary occlusion. Although early mechanical recovery is significantly better after preconditioning, it is much less than would be predicted by the reduction of infarct size.  (+info)

Fetal heart sound analysis: a preliminary evaluation. (3/142)

The aim of this study, is to determine whether the fine characteristics of the fetal heart sounds could be used to identify intrauterine growth retarded fetuses. A preliminary evaluation, was conducted to compare these characteristics between intrauterine growth retarded fetuses and normal fetuses in the antenatal period after 36 weeks of gestation. Altogether, 7 IUGR fetuses were compared with 12 normal fetuses. An instrument named the Fetal Frequency Phonocardiogram was designed for this purpose. When connected to a personal computer and with a software programme specially written, the fetal heart sound characteristics were analysed. After detailed analysis, there were 3 significant differences between IUGR and normal fetuses, all of which gave a p-value of < 0.01. The frequency of the first heart sound was significantly higher in the IUGR fetuses compared to normal fetuses. The ratio of the amplitude of the first heart sound over the second heart sound was higher in the IUGR group. Finally, the ratio of the time between the first and second heart sound over the cardiac cycle was shorter in the IUGR fetuses. Fetal heart sound analysis, may provide a simple non-invasive method of detecting and monitoring fetuses at risk in the antenatal period.  (+info)

Systolic time intervals in domestic ponies: alterations in a case of coarctation of the aorta. (4/142)

This report describes the measurement of systolic time intervals in a nine year old female domestic pony which was found at necropsy to show coarctation of the aorta and bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and direct arterial blood pressure were recorded from the pony in a standing unmedicated state and systolic time intervals were measured from the resulting tracings. A prolongation of left ventricular ejection time and shortening of the pre-ejection period were observed in comparison to a group of normal ponies similarly examined. Such changes are consistent with outflow tract obstruction. The pony was also hypotensive and this condition was interpreted as a long-term compensation for the obstructive lesion. It is likely that the changes in systolic time intervals were at this stage predominantly affected by the hypotension. The report notes that the existence of such a case of spontaneous cardiovascular disease in the pony population might suggest the utility of the animal as a resource in comparative cardiovascular physiology and medicine.  (+info)

Experience with fetal monitoring in a university teaching hospital. (5/142)

Fetal monitoring during labour may be expected to decrease perinatal losses and the number of infants born with brain damage. In a prospective study of intrapartum fetal monitoring in selected high-risk pregnancies in a Winnipeg hospital the monitoring rate was 26.5% and the cesarean section rate in the monitored group was 22.0%. The fetal outcome in the monitored group was better than in the unmonitored group. The establishment of a fetal intensive care unit is believed to be strongly desirable in improving fetal surveillance during labour. Fetal monitors should be stationed in the delivery room as well as in the first-stage room.  (+info)

Left and right heart haemodynamics during spontaneous angina pectoris. Comparison between angina with ST segment depression and angina with ST segment elevation. (6/142)

The function of both right and left sides of the heart was studied during spontaneous attacks of angina pectoris at rest in 7 patients showing ST depression (type I) and 4 showing ST elevation (type II) during the attack. In none of the 44 type I attacks and 29 type II attacks which were recorded did circulatory changes; the latter were different in the two groups. Type I attacks showed: a) a brief fall in arterial pressure, accompanied by b) a rise of right atrial and pulmonary wedge pressures and c) a decrease of cardiac output, right and left stroke work, the mean rate of systolic ejection, and indirect left ventricular pre-ejection dP/dt. In the course of the attack a hypertensive phase followed, which was paralleled by an increase of heart rate, cardiac output, left and right stroke work, and mean systolic ejection rate, left dP/dt; right atrial pressure and wedge pressure remained raised. All of the circulatory functions started to revert towards the pre-attack levels coincident with the waning phase of the electrocardiographic alteration, the latter occurring either spontaneously or after nitroglycerin. Type II attacks for the entire duration of the electrocardiographic changes showed: a) a reduction of arterial pressure, cardiac output, right and left stroke work, mean systolic ejection rate, and left dP/dt, b) a rise of right atrial and wedge pressures, and c) quite small changes of heart rate. When the electrocardiogram started to revert to the pre-attack aspect, the cardiac function rapidly improved and, after a supernormal phase, returned to the basal levels in about 2 minutes. It is concluded: 1) that no circulatory factor interfering with the mechanical effort of the heart is responsible for eliciting spontaneous angina: 2) that in type I attacks right and left ventricular impairment occurs which recovers rapidly, possibly through a sympathetic compensation; 3) that in type II attachs dysfunction of both sides of the heart occurs and persists throughout the episode of electrocardiographic alteration; 4) that the dynamic impairment is probably more severe in type I than in type II angina.  (+info)

Effects of high altitude hypoxia on left ventricular systolic time intervals in man. (7/142)

Effects of high altitude hypoxia on systolic time intervals were examined in 34 healthy men: 20 sea level residents studied at rest and at the end of 3 minutes steady isometric (handgrip) exercise at sea level and then serially for the first 5 days and on the tenth day, at an altitude of 3658 m, and I4 permanent residents at high altitude studied at high altitude. In the sea level residents there was a significant increase in the pre-ejection period (PEP), abbreviation of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), both corrected for heart rate, and prolongation of the PEP/LVET ratio at high altitude. The maximum changes were seen on days 2 and 3; these parameters tended to approach sea level control values by the tenth day. The systolic time interval values of high altitude residents were similar to the control values of the sea level residents obtained at sea level but significantly different from the changes in the sea level values seen in the first 4 days at high altitude. It thus appears that while the high altitude residents do not show any left ventricular dysfunction as determined by systolic time intervals, healthy sea level residents when exposed to high altitude hypoxia show a significant depression of the left ventricular function for at least the first 4 days. This might be a contributing factor in the genesis of high altitude pulmonary oedema.  (+info)

Supplemental embolization coil implantation for closure of patent ductus arteriosus in a beagle dog. (8/142)

Embolization coil for the occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was inserted in a beagle dog diagnosed as PDA with systolic murmur. Residual shunt was observed three months postoperatively and then supplemental coil was inserted. In the past only one coil was required for the closure of PDA in our cases with good post-operative results. In this case, however, the largest coil presently available (8 mm in diameter with 5 loops) was inadequate to make sufficient closure within 3 months postoperatively and supplemental coil insertion was necessary to produce a successful occlusion.  (+info)

Phonocardiography is a non-invasive medical procedure that involves the graphical representation and analysis of sounds produced by the heart. It uses a device called a phonocardiograph to record these sounds, which are then displayed as waveforms on a screen. The procedure is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques, such as electrocardiography (ECG), to help diagnose various heart conditions, including valvular heart disease and heart murmurs.

During the procedure, a specialized microphone called a phonendoscope is placed on the chest wall over the area of the heart. The microphone picks up the sounds generated by the heart's movements, such as the closing and opening of the heart valves, and transmits them to the phonocardiograph. The phonocardiograph then converts these sounds into a visual representation, which can be analyzed for any abnormalities or irregularities in the heart's function.

Phonocardiography is a valuable tool for healthcare professionals, as it can provide important insights into the health and functioning of the heart. By analyzing the waveforms produced during phonocardiography, doctors can identify any potential issues with the heart's valves or other structures, which may require further investigation or treatment. Overall, phonocardiography is an essential component of modern cardiac diagnostics, helping to ensure that patients receive accurate and timely diagnoses for their heart conditions.

Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the movement of blood through it. They are caused by the vibration of the cardiac structures, such as the valves, walls, and blood vessels, during the cardiac cycle.

There are two normal heart sounds, often described as "lub-dub," that can be heard through a stethoscope. The first sound (S1) is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole, when the ventricles contract to pump blood out to the body and lungs. The second sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole, as the ventricles relax and the ventricular pressure decreases, allowing the valves to close.

Abnormal heart sounds, such as murmurs, clicks, or extra sounds (S3 or S4), may indicate cardiac disease or abnormalities in the structure or function of the heart. These sounds can be evaluated through a process called auscultation, which involves listening to the heart with a stethoscope and analyzing the intensity, pitch, quality, and timing of the sounds.

A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, which is caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart. It is often described as a blowing, whooshing, or rasping noise. Heart murmurs can be innocent (harmless and not associated with any heart disease) or pathological (indicating an underlying heart condition). They are typically detected during routine physical examinations using a stethoscope. The classification of heart murmurs includes systolic, diastolic, continuous, and functional murmurs, based on the timing and auscultatory location. Various heart conditions, such as valvular disorders, congenital heart defects, or infections, can cause pathological heart murmurs. Further evaluation with diagnostic tests like echocardiography is often required to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.

Heart auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the sounds produced by the heart. The process involves placing the stethoscope on various locations of the chest wall to hear different areas of the heart.

The sounds heard during auscultation are typically related to the opening and closing of the heart valves, as well as the turbulence created by blood flow through the heart chambers. These sounds can provide important clues about the structure and function of the heart, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose various cardiovascular conditions such as heart murmurs, valvular disorders, and abnormal heart rhythms.

Heart auscultation is a key component of a physical examination and requires proper training and experience to interpret the findings accurately.

Kinetocardiography (often abbreviated as KCG) is not a widely recognized or established medical term. However, in general terms, it appears to refer to a method of measuring and recording the motion or vibrations of the chest wall that may be related to cardiac activity. It's possible that this term is used in some specific research or technical contexts, but it does not have a standardized medical definition.

It's important to note that there is another term called "ballistocardiography" (BCG) which is a non-invasive method of measuring the mechanical forces generated by the heart and great vessels during each cardiac cycle. BCG can provide information about various aspects of cardiovascular function, such as stroke volume, contractility, and vascular compliance. However, kinetocardiography does not seem to be synonymous with ballistocardiography or any other established medical technique.

"THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY". Retrieved 2009-03-06. Tavel ME (Nov 1996). "The appearance of gallop rhythm after exercise stress ...
"THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY". Retrieved 2009-03-06. Pathophysiology of Heart Disease. Leonard S. Lilly. Lea and Febiger 1993 Kumar D ...
Research included the further development of cardiovascular surgery; new techniques of ECG and phonocardiography; treatment of ... Cardiology research included: Further development of cardiovascular surgery New techniques of ECG and phonocardiography ...
The earliest known examples of phonocardiography date to the 1800s. Monitoring and recording equipment for phonocardiography ... The use of phonocardiography to study the fetal heart dates back to the 1960s, when researchers first began to explore the ... Fetal phonocardiography has become an important tool in prenatal care, as it allows clinicians to detect and monitor potential ... Phonocardiography allows the detection of subaudible sounds and murmurs and makes a permanent record of these events. In ...
Cha, Se Do; Gooch, Alden S.; Maranhao, Vladir; Koehler, Eugene (September 1981). "Intracardiac phonocardiography in tricuspid ...
Prior to these more advanced techniques, the combination of electrocardiography and phonocardiography was used to accurately ...
... "it was now that fetal phonocardiography and electrocardiography and ultrasound became the parents of real fetal medicine".: 62 ...
The murmur has a vibratory quality that can be detected as a regular frequency on phonocardiography, although this type of ...
It was during this time that Barlow became interested in auscultation and phonocardiography which led him to investigate non- ...
Fernando Bermúdez Arias founded several medical services and medical labs: a Phonocardiography laboratory (1963), a Hemodynamic ... While in Mexico he also enrolled at the Phonocardiography and Hemodynamics Service Unit and attended several courses on medical ...
... phonocardiography, radiography and their uses in diagnosing heart diseases. He published several papers in the 1920s and 1930s ...
Jean Bennett, devised a method of real-time spectral phonocardiography for the detection and classification of heart murmurs. ...
... phonocardiography MeSH E01.370.370.380.410 - heart catheterization MeSH E01.370.370.380.410.200 - catheter ablation MeSH ...
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... Romano M;Bifulco P;Iuppariello L;Clemente F;DAddio G;Cesarelli M 2015-01- ... In this paper a software for phonocardiography simulation, updated to take account also of the split is presented. The software ... In this paper a software for phonocardiography simulation, updated to take account also of the split is presented. The software ... Among diagnostic techniques for foetal monitoring, phonocardiography is gaining more and more interest for its low cost, ...
"THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY". Retrieved 2009-03-06. Tavel ME (Nov 1996). "The appearance of gallop rhythm after exercise stress ...
Rectified phonocardiography. GRISHMAN A, ENTHOVEN R, LEVESQUE PJ. GRISHMAN A, et al. Among authors: levesque pj. Am J Cardiol. ...
Learn about Heart Auscultation at online-medical-dictionary.org
Categories: Phonocardiography Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 ...
Follow-up in mitral valve prolapse by phonocardiography, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler ...
Germanakis I, Dittrich S, Perakaki R, Kalmanti M. Digital phonocardiography as a screening tool for heart disease in childhood ... Sound recording and digital phonocardiography of cardiac murmurs in dogs by using a sensor-based electronic stethoscope. Acta ...
... and that ultrasound is a more sensitive indicator of these abnormalities in such patients than ausculation or phonocardiography ...
Timing of the onset of ejection and end ejection can be obtained noninvasively by Doppler cardiography, by Phonocardiography, ...
... during fetal phonocardiography. The amplitude of the 1/f noise, recorded at a standardized location in an individual patient, ...
Digital phonocardiography in the diagnosis and education of canine cardiac arrhythmias  Balogh, Márton (2022) ...
phonocardiography:. 1. Recording of the heart sounds with a phonocardiograph. 2. The science of interpreting phonocardiograms. ...
Phonocardiography. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS). Pulmonary Embolism, Venous Thromboembolism (including DVT) ...
Phonocardiography. V. Intravascular Pressures. VI. Ultrasound. VII. Temperature Monitoring. VIII. Respiration. IX. Densitometry ...
Phonocardiography MeSH DeCS ID:. 29405 Unique ID:. D006337 NLM Classification:. WG 260 ...
Fetal phonocardiography - 1200₽. *Ultrasound of early pregnancy - 3700₽. *Ultrasound of the pubic articulation during pregnancy ...
History, physical examination, scalar electrocardiography, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography and pulse recording, and M‐ ... History, physical examination, scalar electrocardiography, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography and pulse recording, and M‐ ... History, physical examination, scalar electrocardiography, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography and pulse recording, and M‐ ... History, physical examination, scalar electrocardiography, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography and pulse recording, and M‐ ...
Phonocardiography in acute rheumatic carditis. Br Heart J 1955;17:360-72. ...
Introduction to phonocardiography signal processing phonocardiography. The latter assumption follows a careful manual ... Introduction to phonocardiography signal processing phonocardiography acoustics measurement pcg signal processing framework. ... Pdf phonocardiography signal processing abbas abbas. This book gives the reader an inclusive view of the main aspects in ... Phonocardiography signal processing synthesis lectures on. This book gives the reader an inclusive view of the main aspects and ...
Sound recording and digital phonocardiography of cardiac murmurs in dogs by using a sensor-based electronic stethoscope ...
phonocardiography photocompositions photoconductivity photodissociating photofluorography photoluminescence photomicrographic ...
Leatham A, . Auscultation of the Heart and Phonocardiography. (2nd ed). London: J and A Churchill; 1975.. [Google Scholar] ...
Phonocardiography (diagnostic method of graphic registration of heart sounds and murmurs) and electrocardiography (science of ...
pregnancy phonocardiography fetal cardiography cardiotocography Published: Jan. 8, 2021. Version: 1.0.1 ...
pregnancy phonocardiography fetal cardiography cardiotocography Published: Jan. 8, 2021. Version: 1.0.1 ...
Determining the specific etiology of a new mitral bioprosthetic murmur using echo-phonocardiography. J Clin Ultrasound. 1984 ...
Phonocardiography, attendings, and fellows detected an S3 more frequently in those with elevated LVEDP and reduced LVEF ... Phonocardiography performed better than any of the auscultator groups in correlating with measures of ventricular function. ... A fair degree of agreement between an S3 detected by phonocardiography and one detected by cardiology fellows (κ = 0.37) or ... Auscultator Agreement With Phonocardiography for the Presence of a Third Heart Sound (S3) ...
Method for classification of fetal phonocardiography signals using empirical mode decomposition and psychoacoustic parameters ... Method for classification of fetal phonocardiography signals using empirical mode decomposition and psychoacoustic parameters ...
Intelligent Phonocardiography for Screening Ventricular Septal Defect using Time Growing Neural Network (Jul 2017) Arash Ghareh ...
  • A systems level biophysical analysis shows that jets of blood flow emerging from spiral arteries in the placenta generate characteristic 1/f or "pink noise" which is routinely audible, but typically ignored, during fetal phonocardiography. (purdue.edu)
  • The paper presents the design and high-fidelity prototype of the remote patient self-monitoring system using a combination of intelligent phonocardiography, mobile and web-based platforms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among diagnostic techniques for foetal monitoring, phonocardiography is gaining more and more interest for its low cost, passive nature and capability to detect some cardiac diseases. (unicz.it)
  • The paper presents evaluation of the proposed phonocardiography (PCG) measurement system designed primarily for heartbeat detection to estimate heart rate (HR). Typically, HR estimation is performed using electrocardiography (ECG) or pulse wave as one of the fundamental diagnostic methodologies for assessing cardiac function. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the gold standard detection tool, phonocardiography (PCG) could be an alternative as it is a cost-effective and noninvasive method for cardiac auscultation. (bvsalud.org)
  • With additional on-the-job EKG training or experience, you may specialize in areas such as cardiac catheterization, Holter monitoring, phonocardiography, stress testing, and vectorcardiography. (medcerts.com)
  • 1) External phonocardiography performed at the time of cardiac catheterization revealed that this loud midsystolic click disappeared whenever a catheter was positioned across the mitral valve. (comparewords.com)
  • first heart sound ( S 1) and the cardiac contractility and However, a mixed injected anesthesia of midazolam, provided the possibility of phonocardiography as a monitor skelaxin, fentanyi and propofol was another important of cardiac performance during anesthesia [1]. (pdfdrugs.com)
  • Separation of biomedical signals Description of the challenge: Phonocardiography (PCG) is the recording of the sounds generated by the heart. (inria.fr)
  • History, physical examination, scalar electrocardiography, chest roentgenography, phonocardiography and pulse recording, and M‐mode echocardiography were employed by the heart station cardiologist, who assigned one or more diagnoses to each patient. (arizona.edu)
  • Localization and classification of heart beats in phonocardiography. (web.app)
  • The miniaturization of Seismocardiography (SCG) and Phonocardiography (PCG) sensors has redefined the landscape of medical diagnostic tools. (acorai.com)
  • They are used in ultrasonic scanners for imaging and blood flow measurements and they are also used in external and internal phonocardiography. (webpagewarehouse.com)
  • In this paper a software for phonocardiography simulation, updated to take account also of the split is presented. (unicz.it)
  • Determination of the extent and cause of the disease may necessitate electrocardiography, echocardiography (for valvular disorders such as rheumatic heart disease), or phonocardiography. (health-care-clinic.org)
  • The laboratory provides students with opportunities to practice common methods in clinics such as Electrocardiography (ECG), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), phonocardiography, galvanized skin response and also procedural skills on respiratory and hearing tests, reflexes and heart sounds associated with the core course. (asome.health)
  • Utilizzo della sonocardiografia nel follow-up dello scompenso cardiaco = Use of the phonocardiography in the follow-up of heart failure. (polito.it)
  • 15. K. P. Buteyko, S. F. Chasovskikh, D. V. Dyomin Gage Phonocardiography Data in Indirect Definition of Lesser Circuit Hypertension Levels // Materials of the 4th Volga-Region Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology Conference. (normalbreathing.com)
  • S4 was also estimated by the ABI measurement system with the phonocardiographic microphone on the sternum (the standard method) or at the apex (the apex method) in HCM patients and controls.S4 on conventional phonocardiography was detected in 42 of 48 patients (88%) with HCM. (bvsalud.org)