Phenol. Medical search

An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.

Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.

A family of 3,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalides. They are used as CATHARTICS, indicators, and COLORING AGENTS.

A sulfotransferase that catalyzes the sulfation of a phenol in the presence of 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate as sulfate donor to yield an aryl sulfate and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. A number of aromatic compounds can act as acceptors; however, organic hydroxylamines are not substrates. Sulfate conjugation by this enzyme is a major pathway for the biotransformation of phenolic and catechol drugs as well as neurotransmitters. EC 2.8.2.1.

A group of 1,2-benzenediols that contain the general formula R-C6H5O2.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.1 and EC 1.99.2.2.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria able to anaerobically oxidize and degrade toluene.

Catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde in the carbazole and BENZOATE degradation via HYDROXYLATION pathways. It also catalyzes the conversion of 3-methylcatechol to cis, cis-2-hydroxy-6-oxohept-2,4-dienoate in the TOLUENE and XYLENE degradation pathway. This enzyme was formerly characterized as EC 1.13.1.2.

Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.

An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.

An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. It is a pyridoxal phosphate protein. The enzyme also forms pyruvate from D-tyrosine, L-cysteine, S-methyl-L-cysteine, L-serine, and D-serine, although at a slower rate. EC 4.1.99.2.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.

A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.

An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747)

A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.

Excessive lateral nail growth into the nail fold. Because the lateral margin of the nail acts as a foreign body, inflammation and granulation may result. It is caused by improperly fitting shoes and by improper trimming of the nail.

It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)

Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)

The legal authority or formal permission from authorities to carry on certain activities which by law or regulation require such permission. It may be applied to licensure of institutions as well as individuals.

Organic matter in a state of advanced decay, after passing through the stages of COMPOST and PEAT and before becoming lignite (COAL). It is composed of a heterogenous mixture of compounds including phenolic radicals and acids that polymerize and are not easily separated nor analyzed. (E.A. Ghabbour & G. Davies, eds. Humic Substances, 2001).

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Large aggregates of CELESTIAL STARS; COSMIC DUST; and gas. (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavorings. Frozen custard and French-type ice creams also contain eggs.

Large bodies consisting of self-luminous gas held together by their own gravity. (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).

Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.

The transmission and reproduction of transient images of fixed or moving objects. An electronic system of transmitting such images together with sound over a wire or through space by apparatus that converts light and sound into electrical waves and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound. (From Webster, 3rd ed)

A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)

Polymeric materials (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow. Plastic usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.

The alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 is closely related to aromatic monooxygenases and catalyzes aromatic monohydroxylation of benzene, toluene, and phenol. (1/497)

The genes encoding the six polypeptide components of the alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 (Xamo) have been located on a 4.9-kb fragment of chromosomal DNA previously cloned in cosmid pNY2. Sequencing and analysis of the predicted amino acid sequences indicate that the components of Xamo are homologous to those of the aromatic monooxygenases, toluene 2-, 3-, and 4-monooxygenase and benzene monooxygenase, and that the gene order is identical. The genes and predicted polypeptides are aamA, encoding the 497-residue oxygenase alpha-subunit (XamoA); aamB, encoding the 88-residue oxygenase gamma-subunit (XamoB); aamC, encoding the 122-residue ferredoxin (XamoC); aamD, encoding the 101-residue coupling or effector protein (XamoD); aamE, encoding the 341-residue oxygenase beta-subunit (XamoE); and aamF, encoding the 327-residue reductase (XamoF). A sequence with >60% concurrence with the consensus sequence of sigma54 (RpoN)-dependent promoters was identified upstream of the aamA gene. Detailed comparison of XamoA with the oxygenase alpha-subunits from aromatic monooxygenases, phenol hydroxylases, methane monooxygenase, and the alkene monooxygenase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous B276 showed that, despite the overall similarity to the aromatic monooxygenases, XamoA has some distinctive characteristics of the oxygenases which oxidize aliphatic, and particularly alkene, substrates. On the basis of the similarity between Xamo and the aromatic monooxygenases, Xanthobacter strain Py2 was tested and shown to oxidize benzene, toluene, and phenol, while the alkene monooxygenase-negative mutants NZ1 and NZ2 did not. Benzene was oxidized to phenol, which accumulated transiently before being further oxidized. Toluene was oxidized to a mixture of o-, m-, and p-cresols (39.8, 18, and 41.7%, respectively) and a small amount (0.5%) of benzyl alcohol, none of which were further oxidized. In growth studies Xanthobacter strain Py2 was found to grow on phenol and catechol but not on benzene or toluene; growth on phenol required a functional alkene monooxygenase. However, there is no evidence of genes encoding steps in the metabolism of catechol in the vicinity of the aam gene cluster. This suggests that the inducer specificity of the alkene monooxygenase may have evolved to benefit from the naturally broad substrate specificity of this class of monooxygenase and the ability of the host strain to grow on catechol. (+info)

Methods for detection of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus DNA in soil. (2/497)

Two methods, phenol-ether and magnetic capture-hybridization (MCH), were developed and compared with regard to their sensitivities and abilities to extract the DNA of the insect baculovirus Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) from soil and to produce DNA amplifiable by PCR. Laboratory experiments were performed with 0. 25 g of autoclaved soil inoculated with different viral concentrations to optimize both methods of baculovirus DNA extraction and to determine their sensitivities. Both procedures produced amplifiable DNA; however, the MCH method was 100-fold more sensitive than the phenol-ether procedure. The removal of PCR inhibitors from the soil appeared to be complete when MCH was used as the viral DNA isolation method, because undiluted aliquots of the DNA preparations could be amplified by PCR. The phenol-ether procedure probably did not completely remove PCR inhibitors from the soil, since PCR products were observed only when the AgMNPV DNA preparations were diluted 10- or 100-fold. AgMNPV DNA was detected in field-collected soil samples from 15 to 180 days after virus application when the MCH procedure to isolate DNA was coupled with PCR amplification of the polyhedrin region. (+info)

Metabolism of [14C]phenol in the isolated perfused mouse liver. (3/497)

A previous report from this laboratory focused on the metabolism of [14C]benzene (BZ) in the isolated, perfused, mouse liver (C. C. Hedli, et al., 1997, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 146, 60-68). Whereas administration of BZ to mice results in bone marrow depression (R. Snyder et al., 1993, Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 20, 191-194), administration of phenol (P), the major metabolite of BZ, does not. It was, therefore, of interest to determine whether the metabolic fate of P produced during BZ metabolism differed from that of P metabolized in the absence of BZ. Mouse livers were perfused with a solution of [14C]P in both the orthograde (portal vein to central vein) and retrograde (central vein to portal vein) direction to investigate the metabolic zonation of enzymes involved in P hydroxylation and conjugation. Perfusate samples were collected, separated by HPLC, and tested for radioactivity. Unconjugated metabolites were identified by comparing their retention times with nonradiolabeled standards, which were detected by UV absorption. Conjugated metabolites were identified and collected on the basis of radiochromatogram results, hydrolyzed enzymatically, and identified by co-chromatography with unlabeled BZ metabolites. The objective was to compare and quantify the metabolites formed during the perfusion of P in the orthograde and retrograde directions and to compare the orthograde P-perfusion results with the orthograde BZ results reported previously. Regardless of the direction of P perfusion, the major compounds released from the liver were P. phenylgucuronide, phenylsulfate, hydroquinone (HQ), and HQ glucuronide. A comparison of the results of perfusing P in the orthograde versus the retrograde direction showed that more P was recovered unchanged and more HQ was formed during retrograde perfusion. The results suggest that enzymes involved in P hydroxylation are generally closer to the central vein than those involved in conjugation, and that during retrograde perfusion, P metabolism may be limited by the sub-optimal conditions of perfusion. Comparison of the orthograde perfusion studies of P and BZ revealed that a larger percentage of the radioactivity released from the liver was identified as unconjugated HQ after BZ perfusion than after P perfusion. In addition, the amount of radioactivity covalently bound to liver macromolecules was measured after each perfusion and determined to be proportional to the amount of HQ and HQG detected in the perfusate samples. (+info)

An outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of a phenol-digesting activated-sludge process. (4/497)

Activated sludge was fed phenol as the sole carbon source, and the phenol-loading rate was increased stepwise from 0.5 to 1.0 g liter-1 day-1 and then to 1.5 g liter-1 day-1. After the loading rate was increased to 1.5 g liter-1 day-1, nonflocculating bacteria outgrew the sludge, and the activated-sludge process broke down within 1 week. The bacterial population structure of the activated sludge was analyzed by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) of PCR-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments. We found that the population diversity decreased as the phenol-loading rate increased and that two populations (designated populations R6 and R10) predominated in the sludge during the last several days before breakdown. The R6 population was present under the low-phenol-loading-rate conditions, while the R10 population was present only after the loading rate was increased to 1.5 g liter-1 day-1. A total of 41 bacterial strains with different repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR patterns were isolated from the activated sludge under different phenol-loading conditions, and the 16S rDNA and gyrB fragments of these strains were PCR amplified and sequenced. Some bacterial isolates could be associated with major TGGE bands by comparing the 16S rDNA sequences. All of the bacterial strains affiliated with the R6 population had almost identical 16S rDNA sequences, while the gyrB phylogenetic analysis divided these strains into two physiologically divergent groups; both of these groups of strains could grow on phenol, while one group (designated the R6F group) flocculated in laboratory media and the other group (the R6T group) did not. A competitive PCR analysis in which specific gyrB sequences were used as the primers showed that a population shift from R6F to R6T occurred following the increase in the phenol-loading rate to 1.5 g liter-1 day-1. The R10 population corresponded to nonflocculating phenol-degrading bacteria. Our results suggest that an outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of the activated-sludge process. This study also demonstrated the usefulness of gyrB-targeted fine population analyses in microbial ecology. (+info)

Taxonomic characterization of denitrifying bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds and description of Azoarcus toluvorans sp. nov. and Azoarcus toluclasticus sp. nov. (5/497)

A taxonomic characterization of twenty-one strains capable of degrading aromatic compounds under denitrifying conditions, isolated from ten different geographical locations, was performed on the basis of general morphological and physiological characteristics, cellular fatty acids, DNA base composition, small ribosomal (16S) subunit DNA sequences, whole-cell protein patterns and genomic DNA fragmentation analysis, in addition to DNA similarity estimations using hybridization methods. The collection of strains was subdivided into a number of different groups. A first group, consisting of four strains, could be assigned to the previously described species Azoarcus tolulyticus. A second group (five strains) had DNA which reannealed highly to that of strains of the first group, and it is considered to represent a genomovar of A. tolulyticus. The third and fourth groups, composed of a total of five strains, represent a new species of Azoarcus, Azoarcus toluclasticus (group 3) and a genomovar of this species (group 4), respectively. Finally, the fifth group, with two strains, corresponds to another new species of the genus Azoarcus, Azoarcus toluvorans. In addition to these five groups, the collection includes five individual strains perhaps representing as many different new species. The above classification is partially consistent with the results of approaches other than DNA-DNA hybridization (electrophoretic patterns of whole-cell proteins and of the fragments obtained after digestion of total DNA with infrequently cutting restriction enzymes). On the other hand, no correlation of these groupings was found in terms of the cellular fatty acid composition. It is also unfortunate that no simple sets of easily determinable phenotypic properties could be defined as being characteristic of each of the groups. (+info)

Heat-induced expression and chemically induced expression of the Escherichia coli stress protein HtpG are affected by the growth environment. (6/497)

Differences in expression of the Escherichia coli stress protein HtpG were found following exposure of exponentially growing cells to heat or chemical shock when cells were grown under different environmental conditions. With an htpG::lacZ reporter system, htpG expression increased in cells grown in a complex medium (Luria-Bertani [LB] broth) following a temperature shock at 45 degrees C. In contrast, no HtpG overexpression was detected in cells grown in a glucose minimal medium, despite a decrease in the growth rate. Similarly, in pyruvate-grown cells there was no heat shock induction of HtpG expression, eliminating the possibility that repression of HtpG in glucose-grown E. coli was due to catabolite repression. When 5 mM phenol was used as a chemical stress agent for cells growing in LB broth, expression of HtpG increased. However, when LB-grown cells were subjected to stress with 10 mM phenol and when both 5 and 10 mM phenol were added to glucose-grown cultures, repression of htpG expression was observed. 2-Chlorophenol stress resulted in overexpression of HtpG when cells were grown in complex medium but repression of HtpG synthesis when cells were grown in glucose. No induction of htpG expression was seen with 2, 4-dichlorophenol in cells grown with either complex medium or glucose. The results suggest that, when a large pool of amino acids and proteins is available, as in complex medium, a much stronger stress response is observed. In contrast, when cells are grown in a simple glucose mineral medium, htpG expression either is unaffected or is even repressed by imposition of a stress condition. The results demonstrate the importance of considering differences in growth environment in order to better understand the nature of the response to an imposed stress condition. (+info)

Novel effector control through modulation of a preexisting binding site of the aromatic-responsive sigma(54)-dependent regulator DmpR. (7/497)

The Pseudomonas derived sigma(54)-dependent DmpR activator regulates transcription of the (methyl)phenol catabolic dmp-operon. DmpR is constitutively expressed, but its transcriptional promoting activity is positively controlled in direct response to the presence of multiple aromatic effectors. Previous work has led to a model in which effector binding by the amino-terminal region of the protein relieves repression of an intrinsic ATPase activity essential for its transcriptional promoting property. Here, we address whether the observed differences in the potencies of the multiple effectors (i) reside at the level of different aromatic binding sites, or (ii) are mediated through differential binding affinities; furthermore, we address whether binding of distinct aromatic effectors has different functional consequences for DmpR activity. These questions were addressed by comparing wild type and an effector specificity mutant of DmpR with respect to effector binding characteristics and the ability of aromatics to elicit ATPase activity and transcription. The results demonstrate that six test aromatics all share a common binding site on DmpR and that binding affinities determine the concentration at which DmpR responds to the presence of the effector, but not the magnitude of the responses. Interestingly, this analysis reveals that the novel abilities of the effector specificity mutant are not primarily due to acquisition of new binding abilities, but rather, they reside in being able to productively couple ATPase activity to transcriptional activation. The mechanistic implications of these findings in terms of aromatic control of DmpR activity are discussed. (+info)

Amount and fate of egg protein escaping assimilation in the small intestine of humans. (8/497)

Studies attempting to evaluate protein assimilation in humans have hitherto relied on either ileostomy subjects or intubation techniques. The availability of stable isotope-labeled protein allowed us to determine the amount and fate of dietary protein escaping digestion and absorption in the small intestine of healthy volunteers using noninvasive tracer techniques. Ten healthy volunteers were studied once after ingestion of a cooked test meal, consisting of 25 g of (13)C-, (15)N-, and (2)H-labeled egg protein, and once after ingestion of the same but raw meal. Amounts of 5.73% and 35.10% (P < 0.005) of cooked and raw test meal, respectively, escaped digestion and absorption in the small intestine. A significantly higher percentage of the malabsorbed raw egg protein was recovered in urine as fermentation metabolites. These results 1) confirm that substantial amounts of even easily digestible proteins may escape assimilation in healthy volunteers and 2) further support the hypothesis that the metabolic fate of protein in the colon is affected by the amount of protein made available. (+info)

Phenol[edit]. Phenol exhibit a strong molecular ion peak. Loss of H· is observed (M - 1), CO (M - 28) and formyl radical (HCO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrum_analysis

Phenols[edit]. Polyphenols, such as bisphenol A or novolacs can react with epoxy resins at elevated temperatures (130-180 °C ... Reaction of phenols with formaldehyde and subsequent glycidylation with epichlorohydrin produces epoxidised novolacs, such as ... Common classes of hardeners for epoxy resins include amines, acids, acid anhydrides, phenols, alcohols and thiols. Relative ... Tertiary amines, carboxylic acids and alcohols (especially phenols) are effective accelerators. Bisphenol A is a highly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxy_resin

... phenol contamination incident[edit]. Main article: 1991 Nakdong river phenol contamination incident ... The phenol ended up at a water processing facility used for drinking water in Daegu and began to smell after becoming ... In 1991, there were two incidents where phenol was leaked into the river from Doosan Electronics. There were two leaks, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakdong_River

Red wines will also have the phenols found in white wines. Wine simple phenols are further transformed during wine aging into ... Natural phenols and polyphenols from cork stoppers[edit]. Extracted cork closure inscribed with "Bottled at origin" in Spanish ... 4 Natural phenols and polyphenols from cork stoppers. *5 Phenolic content in relation with wine making techniques *5.1 ... The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds-natural phenol and polyphenols-in wine, which include a large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

Tyman, J.H.P. (1996-08-21). Synthetic and Natural Phenols. p. 7. ISBN 9780080542195. Losch, P; Kolb, J.F.; Astafan, A; Daou, T. ... The Raschig-Hooker process is a chemical process for the production of phenol. The main steps in this process are the ... Due to the two step nature, the Raschig-Hooker process can be used to produce either chlorobenzene or phenol.[citation needed] ... Kropf, H. (1964). "Moderne technische Phenol-Synthesen I". Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 36 (7): 759-768. doi:10.1002/cite. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raschig–Hooker_process

At one time, chlorobenzene was the main precursor for the manufacture of phenol: C6H5Cl + NaOH → C6H5OH + NaCl The reaction ... nov., a novel bioprocessor isolated actinomycete with the ability to degrade chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and phenol as sole ... nov., a novel bioprocessor isolated actinomycete with the ability to degrade chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and phenol as sole ... Weber, Manfred; Weber, Markus; Kleine-Boymann, Michael (2004). "Phenol". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorobenzene

"Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313.CS1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steric_effects

"Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. Morton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithionol

The sodium salt of orthophenyl phenol, sodium orthophenyl phenol, is a preservative, used to treat the surface of citrus fruits ... Orthophenyl phenol is also used as a fungicide in food packaging and may migrate into the contents. It is prepared by ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. List of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Phenylphenol

"Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_Z

... (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol, and a phytoalexin produced by several ... Phenol-Explorer. 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016. "Resveratrol". MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resveratrol

... "phenols" according to the IUPAC official nomenclature rules of chemical compounds. Many such monophenolics are often termed " ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ISBN 978-3527306732. Martin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloroglucinol

He carried out studies on phenols and discovered a phenol derivative now known as bisphenol A and the accordingly named ... Condensation of phenol with mesityl oxide". Журнал Русского Физико-Химического Общества (J. Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc.) (in Russian ... It involves the catalysed condensation of a 2:1 mixture of phenol and acetone in the presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid ... Dianin, A. P. (1891). "О продуктах конденсации кетонов с фенолами" [Condensation of ketones with phenols]. Журнал Русского ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dianin

"Epoxy Nonyl Phenol Alert is it in your epoxy?". www.epoxyproducts.com. Retrieved 2021-03-18. "para nonyl phenol" (PDF). ... Nonyl Phenol, is used in many epoxy formulations mainly in North America. Nonylphenol persists in aquatic environments and is ... The nonyl group can be attached to the phenol ring at various locations, usually the 4- and, to lesser extent, the 2-positions ... "No, no, nonyl(phenol)". Healthy Building Network. Retrieved 2021-03-18. Mergel, Maria. "Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonylphenol

Typically phenol-containing molecules similar to BPA are known to exert weak estrogenic activities, thus it is also considered ... Fiege H; Voges H-W; Hamamoto T; Umemura S; Iwata T; Miki H; Fujita Y; Buysch H-J; Garbe D; Paulus W (2000). "Phenol Derivatives ... BPA's ability to mimic the effects of natural estrogen derives from the similarity of phenol groups on both BPA and estradiol, ... Ye X, Kuklenyik Z, Needham LL, Calafat AM (February 2006). "Measuring environmental phenols and chlorinated organic chemicals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_Bisphenol_A

"Phenol Explorer". 2015-06-01. Noratto, G; Porter, W; Byrne, D; Cisneros-Zevallos, L (2009). "Identifying peach and plum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neochlorogenic_acid

Other names in common use include phenol sulfotransferase, sulfokinase, 1-naphthol phenol sulfotransferase, 2- ... Sekura RD, Jakoby WB (1979). "Phenol sulfotransferases". J. Biol. Chem. 254 (13): 5658-63. PMID 447677. Biology portal v t e. ... 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + a phenol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + an aryl sulfate Thus ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:phenol sulfotransferase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl_sulfotransferase

Similar to other phenols, the hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring of a benzenediol are weakly acidic. Each benzenediol can ... These aromatic compounds are classed as phenols. There are three isomer: 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (the ortho isomer) is commonly ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroxybenzenes

"Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. DE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenticlor

22a Phenol; 22 Phenol dimer For a list of current workunits, visit the project's website. List of distributed computing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]

Fiege, H.; Voges, H.-M.; Hamamoto, T; Umemura, S.; Iwata, T.; Miki, H.; Fujita, Y.; Buysch, H.-J.; Garbe, D. (2000). "Phenol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,2'-Biphenol

"Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorophen

Phenol is used as feedstock for the production of downstream products, such as engineering plastics. PTT Phenol Co.ltd is ... Phenol Business Unit; Performance Materials & Chemical Business Unit. GC owns and operates a refinery equipped with ... ". "PTT Phenol". "Performance Materials and Chemicals Business Unit". "Settrade - PTTGC : PTT GLOBAL CHEMICAL PUBLIC COMPANY ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTT_Global_Chemical

ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Only one name is retained, phenol, for C6H5-OH, both as a preferred name and for general nomenclature. ... It is an intermediate in the polychlorination of phenol. 2-Chlorophenol is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples are ... It is one of three isomeric monochloride derivatives of phenol. As from occasional use as a disinfectant, it has few ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ToxFAQs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Chlorophenol

2010). "Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods". Database. 2010: bap024. doi:10.1093 ... "Total polyphenols in black chokeberry". Phenol-Explorer. 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014. Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S (2004). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aronia

... is prepared industrially via the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenol with isobutene catalyzed by ... This colorless solid alkylated phenol and its derivatives are used industrially as UV stabilizers and antioxidants for ... Butylated hydroxytoluene 2,4-Dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Para tertiary butyl phenol Peter P. Klemchuk (2005). "Antioxidants". ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol

It is very sensitive and can detect down to 0.05 parts per million of phenols. The mechanism is a reaction of the chlorimide ... ISBN 978-1-118-13515-0. Gibbs, H. D. (1 April 1927). "Phenol Tests. III. The Indophenol Test" (PDF). The Journal of Biological ... group (=NCl) with the phenol to produce an indophenol, with two rings joined via an =N- link. Lewis, Robert A. (2016). Hawley's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Dibromoquinonechlorimide

It is synthesized by a modification of the Williamson ether synthesis, here the reaction of phenol and bromobenzene in the ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. Cook, A ... diphenyl ether is a significant side product in the high-pressure hydrolysis of chlorobenzene in the production of phenol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenyl_ether

Faostat.fao.org (2012-02-23). Retrieved on 2012-07-08 FAOSTAT "Olives and olive oil". Phenol-Explorer. Retrieved December 5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive

PCP can be produced by the chlorination of phenol in the presence of catalyst (anhydrous aluminium or ferric chloride) and a ... The main contaminants include other polychlorinated phenols, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated ... "Phenol Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_313. ToxFAQs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentachlorophenol

Exposure to phenol may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and nervous system. Some symptoms of exposure to ... Phenol (C6H6O or C6H5OH) is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor. ... phenol are weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, muscle aches, and pain ... Phenol (C6H6O or C6H5OH) is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor. Exposure to phenol may cause ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/phenol/default.html

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Phenol&oldid=46487425" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Phenol

... has role mouse metabolite (CHEBI:75771) phenol (CHEBI:15882) is a phenols (CHEBI:33853) phenol (CHEBI: ... phenol (CHEBI:15882) has role antiseptic drug (CHEBI:48218) phenol (CHEBI:15882) has role disinfectant (CHEBI:48219) phenol ( ... phenol O-(β-D-glucuronide) (CHEBI:64681) has functional parent phenol (CHEBI:15882). phenoxenium (CHEBI:52245) has functional ... tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate (CHEBI:142523) is a phenol (CHEBI:15882). piperlactam S (CHEBI:132657) is a phenol ( ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI%3A15882

The substance and the vapour are corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. See Notes. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, heart and kidneys. This may result in convulsions, coma, cardiac disorders, respiratory failure and collapse. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death ...

http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0070&p_version=2&p_lang=en

Skin exposure to high levels of phenol has resulted in liver damage, diarrhea, dark urine, and hemolytic anemia. Phenol has ... Phenol is a manufactured substance found in a number of consumer products. ... normal concentration of phenol in the urine may suggest recent exposure to phenol or to substances that are converted to phenol ... Phenol can remain in water for a week or more.. *Larger or repeated releases of phenol can remain in the air, water, and soil ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=147&toxid=27

Toxicological Profile for Phenol. CAS#: 108-95-2. Toxicological Profile Information. The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly ... Toxicological profile for Phenol. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxProfiles/ToxProfiles.aspx?id=148&tid=27

Rouge de phenol, Vert brillant et Rouge de Phénol, Rouge phenol, Phénolsulfonephtaléine (fr) ... Media in category "Phenol red". The following 24 files are in this category, out of 24 total. ... Phenol red, 4,4-(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bisphenol S,S-dioxide, PSP, 3,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1- ... phenol red (fa); Fenol crveno (sh); феноловый красный (ru); Fenol kırmızısı (tr); Phenolrot (de); vermelho de fenol (pt); ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Phenol_red

... is used in sclerotherapy to treat piles (haemorrhoids). It is injected into the base of the piles, in ... Oily phenol injection. Oily phenol injection is used in sclerotherapy to treat piles (haemorrhoids). It is injected into the ... Oily phenol injection is used in sclerotherapy to treat piles (haemorrhoids). It is injected into the base of the piles, in ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/digestion/a7266/oily-phenol-injection/

Phenol is potentially capable of causing both systemic toxicity and direct adverse effects on the skin following dermal ... phenol are capable of causing skin corrosion, whereas diluted solutions (1 to 3% phenol) are irritating to the skin [European ... Phenol is potentially capable of causing both systemic toxicity and direct adverse effects on the skin following dermal ... The following section provides additional detail about the potential health hazards of skin contact with phenol and the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-136/default.html

Natural sources of phenols on www.britannica.com. Databases[edit]. *Phenol-Explorer (phenol-explorer.eu), a database dedicated ... Phenol extraction[edit]. Phenol extraction is a processing technology used to prepare phenols as raw materials, compounds or ... For the molecule alone, see Phenol.. In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols refers to phenol functional group that is ... Unfiltered olive oil has the higher levels of phenols, or polar phenols that form a complex phenol-protein complex. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_phenol

... alcohol; Phenol, molten; Rcra waste number U188; UN 1671; UN 2312; UN 2821; Phenic alcohol; NSC 36808; Campho-Phenique ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C108952&Mask=400

Evans J.C., The vibrational spectra phenol and phenol-OD, Spectrochim. Acta, 1960, 16, 1382-1392. [all data] ... Phenol alcohol; Phenol, molten; Rcra waste number U188; UN 1671; UN 2312; UN 2821; Phenic alcohol; NSC 36808; Campho-Phenique ... Bartmess, J.E.; Scott, J.A.; McIver, R.T., Jr., The gas phase acidity scale from methanol to phenol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, ... Capponi, M.; Gut, I.G.; Hellrung, B.; Persy, G.; Wirz, J., Ketonization equilibria of phenol in aqueous solution, Can. J. Chem. ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Source=1961GRE2236-2241&Units=CAL&Mask=1A8F

Phenol definition, Also called carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, oxybenzene, phenylic acid. a white, crystalline, water-soluble, ... phenol phe·nol (fēnôl, -nōl). n. *. A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound derived from benzene and used in ... Some phenols occur naturally in the essential oils of plants. Phenols are used in industry to make plastics and detergents. ... Word Origin and History for phenol Expand. n. "carbolic acid," 1844, from pheno- + -ol. Discovered in coal tar in 1834; used as ...

http://www.dictionary.com/browse/phenol

About PHENOL: Phenol is an aromatic compound. In the United States, Phenol may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug ... Synonym(s): BENZENOL; CARBOLIC ACID; HYDROXYBENZENE; LIQUID PHENOL; OXYBENZENE; PHENOL,; PHENYL ALCOHOL; ACIDE CARBOLIQUE ( ... When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name is Phenol.. Function(s): Antimicrobial Agent; Cosmetic Biocide; ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/704805/PHENOL/

... the End jgraham at bronze.ucs.indiana.edu Fri Oct 29 07:42:55 EST 1993 *Previous message: Phenol source ... Interesting, we distill enough phenol for over 6 months (eg. 2 L) in an afternoon. A simple electrical heating ring and coiled ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/1993-October/008571.html

Also known as phenolic resins, phenol-formaldehyde polymers were the first completely synthetic polymers to be commercialized. ... In 1872 the German chemist Adolf von Baeyer condensed trifunctional phenol and ... applied for a patent on a phenol-formaldehyde thermoset that eventually became known by the trademarked name Bakelite. ... Phenol formaldehyde: Many people date the beginning of the modern plastics industry to 1907, when Leo Hendrik Baekeland, a ...

https://www.britannica.com/topic/industrial-polymers-468698/Phenol-formaldehyde

Phenol Topical rated 5.2/10 in overall patient satisfaction. ... Compare Phenol Topical head-to-head for uses, ratings, cost, ... phenol topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. ...

https://www.drugs.com/compare/phenol-topical

Phenol-soluble modulins.. Otto M1.. Author information. 1. Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial ... Biofilm; Cytolysis; Leukotoxin; Neutrophils; Phenol-soluble modulins; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Toxins ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447915?dopt=Abstract

See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations Phenol (EHC 161, 1994) Phenol (HSG 88, 1994) PHENOL (JECFA Evaluation) Phenol (PIM 412) ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0070.htm

I have a brand new bottle of phenol ph 6.7. What do I need to add to ,, make acid phenol/chloroform? Thanks. ,, -Ed ,, ,, ... I suppose it means to melt phenol , (Sigma) and add the same volume of chloroform - you will get acid , phenol/chloroform. The ... Ed Jasenka Pigac wrote: , Phenol is acid as such when melted. If you add either water or , chloroform it will remain acid. ... Acid Phenol/chloroform. Ed Siefker via methods%40net.bio.net (by ebs15242 from creighton.edu). Wed Nov 7 12:05:49 EST 2007 * ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods/2007-November/102689.html

Principle: Phenol Red Fermentation medium contains peptone, phenol red (a pH indicator) and the carbohydrate to be tested. ... Phenol red is yellow at a pH , 6.8 and red at a pH of > 7.4, therefore if a bacterium ferments a sugar to acid a yellow color ... Phenol Red Fermentation Tubes. Purpose: To determine if a bacterium can ferment a particular carbohydrate and determine the end ... Possible phenol red tube results include: (A) Formation of acid and gas (bubble is indicated by arrow), (B) Formation of acid ...

https://homepages.wmich.edu/~rossbach/bios312/LabProcedures/Phenol%20Red%20Results.html

"Phenol". Sigma-Aldrich Co., Phenol. Retrieved on 2013-07-20. "Phenol". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations ( ... Phenol spray, usually at 1.4% phenol as an active ingredient, is used medically to help sore throat. It is the active ... Aqueous solutions of phenol are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red. Phenol is neutralized by sodium hydroxide ... However, phenols ring is so strongly activated-second only to aniline-that bromination or chlorination of phenol leads to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenol

... today informed its phenol customers that it is declaring force majeure as a result of shortages and delivery delays of its key ... AdvanSix (ASIX) today informed its phenol customers that it is declaring force majeure as a result of shortages and delivery ... The force majeure has been declared only for phenol and will not impact shipments of other products produced at the Companys ... As a result of this force majeure event, phenol production at the Companys Frankford, Pennsylvania facility and caprolactam ...

https://finance.yahoo.com/news/advansix-issues-statement-phenol-customer-204500933.html?.tsrc=rss

FDAs Bacteriological Analytical Manual (the BAM) is the agencys preferred laboratory procedures for the detection in food and cosmetic products of pathogens (bacterial, viral, parasitic, plus yeast and mold) and of microbial toxins. The complete BAM is now available online and will be updated as needed.

https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-media-m122-phenol-red-glucose-broth

Phenol-soluble modulins and staphylococcal infection.. Peschel A1, Otto M.. Author information. 1. Cellular and Molecular ... Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) have recently emerged as a novel toxin family defining the virulence potential of highly ... PSMs are secreted by the Pmt (Phenol-soluble modulin transporter) four-component ABC transporter. Presence of the Pmt ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018382?dopt=Abstract

Whiff of Phenol Spells Trouble. A landmark case in Ohio topples scientific assumptions as wells guaranteed to entrap waste for ... The stench of phenol was overpowering, wafting from mud taken from a layer of rock thousands of feet beneath southern Ohio. ... But the phenol - a deadly chemical used in Aristechs processes that is known to cause internal burns, muscle spasms and organ ... Baker - who is now Ohio EPAs director -- said he now believes the sample detecting phenol was a mistake, and says he no longer ...

https://www.propublica.org/article/whiff-of-phenol-spells-trouble

... gb-gplus-shareDie Industrie der phenol-aldehyd-harze. ... phenol_aldehyd_harze.html?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ&utm_source= ... 0 ReviewsWrite reviewhttps://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Industrie_der_phenol_aldehyd_harze.html?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ&dq=related:STANFORD36105025599643&sitesec=reviews

... m-Kresol Masse mehrwertigen Meister Lucius Mengen Metall Mischung m glichst nat rliche Harze Novolake str Petroff Phenol Phenol ... Die Industrie der phenol-aldehyd-harze. Volume 47 of Monographien ber chemisch-technische Fabrikations-methoden. ... gb-gplus-shareDie Industrie der phenol-aldehyd-harze. ... phenol_aldehyd_harze.html?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ&utm_source= ... 0 Reviewshttps://books.google.com/books/about/Die_Industrie_der_phenol_aldehyd_harze.html?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=On8mAQAAIAAJ&q=Lack&dq=related:STANFORD36105025599643&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4

Phenols. The word phenol is also used to refer to any compound which contains a six-membered aromatic ring, bonded directly to ... Phenol has a limited solubility in water (8.3 g/100 ml). It is slightly acidic: the phenol molecule has weak tendencies to lose ... Injections of phenol have occasionally been used as a means of rapid execution. In particular, phenol was used as a means of ... is a polymer of phenol with formaldehyde). Exposure of the skin to concentrated phenol solutions causes chemical burns which ...

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Phenol

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/content/bafu/en/home/topics/chemicals/glossary-of-pollutants/phenols.html Footer. Federal Office for ...

https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/chemicals/glossary-of-pollutants/phenols.html

phenol , better known as carbolic acid, finds a use as a developer. (dictionary.com)
Phenol , also known under an older name of carbolic acid , is a toxic, colorless crystalline solid with a distinctive sweet tarry odor. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenol was also the main ingredient of the Carbolic Smoke Ball, a device sold in London designed to protect the user against influenza and other ailments. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. (wikipedia.org)
Joseph Lister (1827-1912), an English surgeon at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary, used solutions of phenol dissolved in water, known as carbolic acid , to kill germs in wounds and to sterilize medical equipment, drastically cutting down the number of deaths caused by infections. (angelo.edu)
phenol (carbolic acid), molecular model. (pond5.com)

Phenol is used primarily in the production of phenolic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers. (cdc.gov)
Also known as phenolic resins , phenol-formaldehyde polymers were the first completely synthetic polymers to be commercialized. (britannica.com)
It is also used in the production of drugs (it is the starting material in the industrial production of aspirin ), weedkiller, and synthetic resins ( Bakelite , one of the first synthetic resins to be manufactured, is a polymer of phenol with formaldehyde ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenol is an important commodity chemical, and is a starting material for the production of numerous industrial chemicals and polymers, including bisphenol A and phenolic resins, and others. (innovations-report.com)
However, they have huge market potential, since phenol-based glue resins have a global market of around 4 million tonnes per year and a value of EUR 10 billion. (eurekalert.org)
Thermosetting water-immiscible phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least one mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction. (google.es)
Wettabillty of southern pine veneers was judged by measuring the contact angles made by 36 phenol formaldehyde resins. (usda.gov)
Sachin Mathur, DGM, Epoxy Division, Aditya Birla Chemicals (Thailand) Ltd will provide an in depth assessment of epoxy resins markets while Cheng Li Hong, Director, Consulting Department, CPCIA/CPCIF will present her views on Chinese phenol/acetone markets. (prweb.com)
Another major factor catalysing its demand is the increasing application of epoxy resins (derived from phenol) in composites and adhesives which are used in the production of wind rotor blades and other structural elements. (prnewswire.com)
Currently, phenol is being used as a chemical intermediate in the production of a number of chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA), phenolic resins, caprolactum, alkyl-phenols, aniline and 2,6-xylenol. (prnewswire.com)
In 2017, Bisphenol A accounted for majority of the total global phenol consumption followed by phenolic resins, caprolactum and alkyl phenyls. (prnewswire.com)

For the molecule alone, see Phenol . (wikipedia.org)
Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Addition of O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) to the phenol molecule branches into two competitive 1,4-cycloaddition and ortho ene-type routes, yielding 2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octa-5,7-dien-1-ol ( i.e. , 1,4-endoperoxide 1-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadiene) and 2-hydroperoxycyclohexa-3,5-dien-1-one, respectively. (rsc.org)

This article is about the class of chemicals containing a phenol group. (wikipedia.org)
For the group of chemicals containing a phenol group, see Phenols . (wikipedia.org)

Workers may be harmed from exposure to phenol.The level of harm depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. (cdc.gov)
The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to phenol. (cdc.gov)
Presents a standard to prevent the adverse effects of exposure to phenol over a working lifetime. (cdc.gov)
Short-term exposure to phenol in the air can cause respiratory irritation, headaches, and burning eyes. (cdc.gov)
Phenol has antiseptic properties and was used by Sir Joseph Lister (1827-1912) in his pioneering technique of antiseptic surgery, though the skin irritation caused by continual exposure to phenol eventually led to the substitution of aseptic (germ-free) techniques in surgery. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
And if exposure to PHENOL inspires something in you to go head first into modular synths, your initial investment can be incorporated into your more ambitious modular systems. (musiciansfriend.com)

They can therefore be called simple phenols or monophenols , with only one phenolic group, or di- ( bi- ), tri- and oligophenols , with two, three or several phenolic groups respectively. (wikipedia.org)

The simplest phenol, consisting of a benzene ring attached to a hydroxyl group (OH). (dictionary.com)
The word phenol is also used to refer to any compound which contains a six-membered aromatic ring, bonded directly to a hydroxyl group (-OH). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
When the hydroxyl group is joined to an aryl ring, a phenol results (shown above). (britannica.com)
The hydroxyl group of alcohols and phenols is responsible for an interesting variety of physical and chemical properties. (britannica.com)
The polar bonds of the hydroxyl group are responsible for the major reaction characteristics of alcohols and phenols. (britannica.com)
Phenols are organic compounds which contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon atom in a benzene ring. (angelo.edu)
Phenols are a class of compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded directly to a benzene ring. (thefreedictionary.com)
In organic chemistry , phenols , sometimes called phenolics , are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (- O H ) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. (wikipedia.org)
Although similar to alcohols , phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). (wikipedia.org)
The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pK a is usually between 10 and 12). (wikipedia.org)
Loss of a hydrogen cation (H + ) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion , and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides , although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book . (wikipedia.org)
Organic compounds with a hydroxyl group directly attached to an aromatic carbon atom are called phenols. (alfa.com)

Natural phenols show optical properties characteristic of benzene, e.g. absorption near 270 nm. (wikipedia.org)
phenol is obtained from coal-tar, or made synthetically from benzene. (dictionary.com)
Phenol can be made from the partial oxidation of benzene or benzoic acid , by the cumene process, or by the Raschig process. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
At present, the production of phenol entirely depends on the chemical synthesis from benzene, and its annual production exceeds 8 million tons worldwide. (innovations-report.com)
Phenol , or hydroxybenzene, is the parent compound of the phenols, consisting of an OH group directly connected to a benzene ring. (angelo.edu)

Among these aromatic substances are indol, phenol , and skatol. (dictionary.com)
Phenol is an aromatic compound. (ewg.org)
Phenol is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C 6 H 5 OH. (wikipedia.org)
One explanation for why phenol is more acidic than aliphatic compounds containing an -OH group is resonance stabilization of the phenoxide anion by the aromatic ring. (wikipedia.org)
In aqueous solution in the pH range ca. 8 - 12 it is in equilibrium with the phenolate anion C6H5O− (also called phenoxide): C6H5OH ⇌ C6H5O− + H+ One explanation for why phenol is more acidic than aliphatic compounds containing an -OH group is resonance stabilization of the phenoxide anion by the aromatic ring. (wikipedia.org)
Phenol is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution as the oxygen atom's pi electrons donate electron density into the ring. (wikipedia.org)
Aromatic compounds such as phenols vastly occur in wastewater, being generated in petroleum refining, petrochemical, plastics, coal conversion industries and steel industries [1]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Phenols are efficient partners in a variety of reactions such as electrophilic aromatic substitutions, Bucherer carbazole synthesis and oxidative de-aromatization to quinones in the Teuber reaction. (alfa.com)

Phenols are named after the parent compound, phenol (hydroxybenzene). (angelo.edu)

You may be exposed to phenol if you live near landfills or hazardous waste sites that contain phenol or near facilities manufacturing phenol. (cdc.gov)
Is there an alternate source of Vit K for neonates which does not contain phenol? (bio.net)

Phenols are similar to alcohols but are more soluble in water, and occur as colorless solids or liquids at room temperature. (dictionary.com)
Both alcohols and phenols are widespread in nature, with alcohols being especially ubiquitous . (britannica.com)
Although ethers contain two polar carbon-oxygen bonds, they are much less reactive than alcohols or phenols. (britannica.com)

7. The tar processing method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of steam added to the tar is 1% to 15% by weight of the phenol tar introduced into the reactor. (freepatentsonline.com)
13. The process according to claim 10, wherein the amount of steam added to the tar is 1% to 15% by weight of the phenol tar. (freepatentsonline.com)
In a specific aspect, the phenol resin composition of the present invention is characterized in that it contains boehmite having an aspect ratio within a range from 1 to 100 and also contains an alumina-based compound as a filler, an amount of the boehmite being from 1 to 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the phenol resin. (google.com.au)
5 . A phenol resin composition comprising a phenol resin and acicular or cylindrical boehmite having an average particle diameter (minor diameter) of 100 nm or less, the amount of the boehmite being from 1 to 150 parts based on 100 parts by weight of the phenol resin. (google.com.au)

Effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous solution using semiconductor oxides (SO) prepared by a sol-gel method was examined. (hindawi.com)
Equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform mixture and the aqueous DNA sample are mixed, forming a biphasic mixture. (bionity.com)
This study provides an experimental and theoretical account of the reaction of singlet oxygen O 2 ( 1 Δ g ) with the biodegradable-resistant species of phenol in an aqueous medium. (rsc.org)

The force majeure has been declared only for phenol and will not impact shipments of other products produced at the Company's Frankford facility, including acetone and alpha-methylstyrene due to adequate inventory levels. (yahoo.com)
In making this conclusion, we cite the pK a of acetone enol, which is 10.9 (in comparison to phenol with a pK a of 10.0). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In support of the second explanation, the p K a of the enol of acetone in water is 10.9, making it only slightly less acidic than phenol (p K a 10.0). (wikipedia.org)
Phenol tar is a heavy, viscous byproduct produced in the industrial synthesis of phenol and acetone from cumene. (freepatentsonline.com)
INEOS Phenol is the largest producer of Phenol and Acetone in the world. (ineos.com)
We produce just under 1.9 million tonnes of Phenol and around 1.2 million tonnes of Acetone annually. (ineos.com)
INEOS Phenol's products (Phenol, Acetone, Alphamethylstyrene, Cumene) are all registered with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). (ineos.com)
In making this conclusion, one can examine the pK a of the enol of acetone , which is 10.9 in comparison to phenol with a pK a of 10.0. (wikidoc.org)
Global experts in phenol and acetone business will gather at CMT's 10th Phenol/Acetone & Derivatives Markets Summit in Bangkok to explore strategic growth options amidst tough business climes. (prweb.com)
This summit, positioned as an annual premier buyer-seller meet, will bring together senior executives from the phenol/acetone value chain. (prweb.com)
Meanwhile Kiichi Yamamoto, Manager- Phenol/Acetone/BPA, Mitsubishi Corporation will share his views on the future landscape for global phenol/acetone market and Dr. Thevarak Rochanapruk, Vice President and Project Director, PTT Phenol Company Limited will present an in depth analysis of Thailand markets. (prweb.com)

In 1872 the German chemist Adolf von Baeyer condensed trifunctional phenol and difunctional formaldehyde, and in subsequent decades Baeyer's student Werner Kleeberg and other chemists investigated the products, but they failed to pursue the reaction because they were unable to crystallize and characterize the amorphous resinous products. (britannica.com)
The lignosulfonate comprises about 5 to about 80 percent of the total weight of phenol, formaldehyde and lignosulfonate and the lignosulfonate is mixed with said phenol and formaldehyde before substantial reaction between said phenol and said formaldehyde. (google.com)
The activity of semiconductor oxides prepared by the sol-gel methods was investigated under the same conditions for searching of the most effective system in the reaction of the phenol photodegradation. (hindawi.com)
the molar ratios of sodium hydroxide to phenol being 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0, the levels of resin solids content in the reaction mixture 37, 40, and 43 percent, and the molar ratios of formaldehyde to phenol 1.6, 1.9, 2.2, and 2.5. (usda.gov)

We do not know whether children would be more sensitive than adults to the effects of phenol. (cdc.gov)
The MSDS does not address the effects of phenol via injection. (greenmedinfo.com)

A method of manufacturing a lignosulfonate-phenol-formaldehyde resin includes heating a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, lignosulfonate and alkali at a temperature of 60 C. to 100 C. and a pH of 8-13. (google.com)
heating a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, lignosulfonate and alkali wherein said lignosulfonate comprises about 5 to about 80 percent of the total weight of phenol, formaldehyde and lignosulfonate.Iadd. (google.com)
Phenol 88% alone, or "Baker`s solution" - a mixture of phenol, water, croton oil, and septisol soap may be used. (consultingroom.com)

Ingestion of high concentrations of phenol has resulted in internal burns and death. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to high concentrations of phenol in the air for several weeks caused paralysis and severe injury to the heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs, and in some cases, death. (cdc.gov)
Some animals that drank water with very high concentrations of phenol suffered muscle tremors and loss of coordination. (cdc.gov)
A critical review of available data indicates that contact of a significant area of skin with subjectively low concentrations of phenol (5-6%) may be extremely hazardous and life-threatening [ATSDR 2008]. (cdc.gov)

Phenol can have beneficial effects when used medically as an antiseptic or anesthetic. (cdc.gov)
Phenol was also the first compound to be used in antiseptic surgery. (angelo.edu)

We developed a model system for the biodegradation of phenol-contaminated wastewater by the bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum . (scirp.org)
These results have practical application to quantify the degradation of phenol in wastewater treatment. (rsc.org)

Speaking on phenol technology and phenolic resin markets will be Eric Wong, Senior Project Manager Chemicals - Technology, KBR and Figo Gao Xiaofei, Deputy General Manager, Shandong Shengquan Chemical Co, Ltd. respectively. (prweb.com)
1 2 Over 3 billion pounds of phenol is produced annually in the United States, making it one of the "high volume" chemicals sold internationally. (greenmedinfo.com)

The optimal conditions of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using prepared titanium dioxide sample were defined. (hindawi.com)
Dinda and Icli found that ZnO was as reactive as TiO 2 for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol under concentrated sunlight [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Experiments consisting of suspended cultures demonstrated the native ability of this organism to utilize phenol for its metabolic pathways enabling degradation, at levels of nearly 100 ppm within 24 hours. (scirp.org)
S. Thomas, S. Sarfaraz, L. C. Mishra and L. Iyengar "Degradation of Phenol and Phenolic Compounds by a Defined Denitrifying Bacterial Culture," World Journal of Microbiology, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2002, pp. 57-63. (scirp.org)
University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Data- base, Phenol Family Degradation Pathway Map. (scirp.org)

Salicylic acid possesses the characters both of an acid and a phenol . (dictionary.com)
The other method involves reacting formaldehyde with an excess of phenol using an acid catalyst to produce prepolymers called novolacs. (britannica.com)
Possible phenol red tube results include: (A) Formation of acid and gas (bubble is indicated by arrow), (B) Formation of acid, (C) uninoculated control, (D) alkaline byproducts, and (E) no acid or gas formation. (wmich.edu)
Phenol is a weak acid. (wikipedia.org)
Phenol is classified as a hard acid which is compatible with the C/E ratio of the ECW model with EA = 2.27 and CA = 1.07. (wikipedia.org)
Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, more nitro groups get substituted on the ring to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol which is known as picric acid. (wikipedia.org)

Phenol is used as a disinfectant and is found in a number of consumer products. (cdc.gov)

If you work in an industry that uses phenol, please read chemical labels and the accompanying Safety Data Sheet for hazard information. (cdc.gov)

The registration includes all INEOS Phenol sites worldwide to ensure unrestricted trade of our products. (ineos.com)
At present, Ineos Phenol represents the world's largest phenol manufacturer. (prnewswire.com)

Para Bromo Phenol provided by our company, is a type of chemical which is insoluble in water as well as soluble in 5% ethanol. (tradeindia.com)

A diverse family natural phenols are the flavonoids , which include several thousand compounds, among them the flavonols , flavones , flavan-3ol ( catechins ), flavanones , anthocyanidins , and isoflavonoids . (wikipedia.org)
In effect, phenols are a class of organic compounds of which the phenol discussed in this article is the simplest member. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Finnish softwood bark contains large amounts of water-soluble tannin-polyphenols, which can be used as renewable alternatives to the fossil and toxic phenol compounds widely used in glues. (eurekalert.org)

Phenol - the simplest of the phenols. (wikipedia.org)

Iocamfen is a liquid composed of iodine, camphor and phenol . (dictionary.com)
What is the most important information I should know about allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)
Camphor and phenol are mild topical (for the skin) pain relievers. (cigna.com)
Allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical is a combination medicine used to treat pain, itching, or severe lip dryness caused by chapped lips or cold sores (fever blisters). (cigna.com)
Allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
What should I discuss with my health care provider before using allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)
How should I use allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)

Phenol-soluble modulins. (nih.gov)
Phenol-soluble modulins and staphylococcal infection. (nih.gov)
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) have recently emerged as a novel toxin family defining the virulence potential of highly aggressive S. aureus isolates. (nih.gov)

The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide , is far more water-soluble. (wikipedia.org)
Phenol Red sodium salt is widely used as a pH indicator. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phenol Red sodium salt has been used as an indicator during single-guide RNA microinjection into one-cell stage zebrafish embryos. (sigmaaldrich.com)

NIOSHTIC-2 search results on phenol - A searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)

Winkelmann J. (2018) Diffusion coefficient of 2,6-dimethoxy-phenol in water. (springer.com)
The 'Phenol Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2018-2023' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (prnewswire.com)

A recent in silico comparison of the gas phase acidities of the vinylogues of phenol and cyclohexanol in conformations that allow for or exclude resonance stabilization leads to the inference that about 1 ⁄ 3 of the increased acidity of phenol is attributable to inductive effects, with resonance accounting for the remaining difference. (wikipedia.org)

If you are using glycerin/phenol spray for relief of sore throat irritation or pain, apply to the affected area as directed by your doctor or the package labeling. (drugs.com)

Cyclic voltammetry showed that phenol was oxidized by the diamond electrodes and remained electroactive after multiple cycles. (rti.org)

Phenol (C 6 H 6 O or C 6 H 5 OH) is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor. (cdc.gov)

particularly if the phenol is mixed with chloroform (a commonly used mixture in molecular biology for DNA purification). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Phenol-chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in biochemistry and molecular biology for purifying DNA contaminated by histones and other proteins. (bionity.com)
Phenol and chloroform are both hazardous and inconvenient materials, and the extraction is laborious, so in recent years many many companies now offer many alternative ways to isolate DNA. (bionity.com)
Phenol is naturally somewhat water-soluble, and gives a 'fuzzy' interface that is sharpened by the presence of chloroform. (bionity.com)
The isoamyl alcohol reduces foam, which is a problem with phenol:chloroform. (bionity.com)
Chloroform sometimes also comes as a 96% chloroform, 4% isoamyl alcohol solution that can be mixed with an equal volume of phenol to make 25:24:1. (bionity.com)
Whether to purchase isoamyl alcohol separately or mixed in with the phenol and chloroform stocks is largely an individual choice, although it is sensible to coordinate with the rest of the lab so reagents can be shared. (bionity.com)
Phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol will give a sharper interface, and 25:24:1 will show less foam. (bionity.com)
For phenol:chloroform mixtures or for chloroform, glass pipettes should be used, or micropipettors exclusively, as the chloroform is usually able to attack plastic pipettes. (bionity.com)
Hi all, I followed the standard phenol/chloroform extraction to purify DNA, and found a big chuck of pellet at the bottom of the tube after NaAc and 100% ethanol precipitation. (protocol-online.org)
Do anybody know if SDS and EDTA can be removed after phenol/chloroform extraction? (protocol-online.org)

Phenol was first extracted from coal tar , but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum . (wikipedia.org)
Biodegradation of Phenol and Emulsification Properties of Native Microorganisms from Coal Carbonization Plant. (scirp.org)
In its natural form, phenol was initially found in coal tar. (greenmedinfo.com)

In animals, breathing air with high levels of phenol resulted in irritation of the lungs. (cdc.gov)

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Research and Markets ( http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/g64sph/phenol_2012 ) has announced the addition of the 'Phenol: 2012 World Market Outlook and Forecast up to 2017' report to their offering. (cnbc.com)

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said lignosulfonate comprises about 50% to about 80% by total weight of lignosulfonate, phenol and formaldehyde in said resin mixture. (google.com)
The present invention relates to a phenol resin composition comprising a phenol resin and boehmite having an average particle diameter (minor diameter) of 100 nm or less, and a phenol resin composition further comprising a benzooxazine resin in a weight ratio of the phenol resin to the benzooxazine resin. (google.com.au)
1 . A phenol resin composition comprising a phenol resin and acicular or cylindrical boehmite having an average particle diameter (minor diameter) of 100 nm or less. (google.com.au)
2 . A phenol resin composition comprising a phenol resin and acicular or cylindrical boehmite having an average particle diameter (minor diameter) of 100 nm or less, wherein the boehmite has an aspect ratio of 1 to 100. (google.com.au)
3 . A phenol resin composition comprising a phenol resin, acicular or cylindrical boehmite having an average particle diameter (minor diameter) of 100 nm or less and an alumina-based compound as a filler. (google.com.au)
9 . The phenol resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , which has thermosetting properties. (google.com.au)
10 . The phenol resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , further comprising a benzooxazine resin in a weight ratio of the phenol resin to the benzooxazine resin within a range from 95/5 to 25/75. (google.com.au)
The soy-based resin is considered to be a copolymer of soy and phenol formaldehyde. (usda.gov)
To develop a new solvent-impregnated resin (SIR) system for the removal of phenols and thiophenols from water, complex formation by hydrogen bonding of phosphine oxides and phosphates is studied using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and quantum chemical modeling. (wur.nl)

Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M ). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. (wikipedia.org)
The present invention is particularly useful for separating valuable products from phenol tar and/or mixtures of phenol tar with bisphenol-A tar. (freepatentsonline.com)

Phenols substituted with bulky groups at ortho- positions, like butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), are endowed with antioxidant property and are used as antioxidants in many formulations such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, electrical transformer oil, solvents, and organic reactions. (alfa.com)
These enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts to speed up the chemical reactions that synthesize phenols. (redorbit.com)
The scientists' main finding was the discovery of three such components (called F-box proteins) that specifically recognize the first key enzyme in the series of phenol synthesis reactions. (redorbit.com)

Phenol has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry. (cdc.gov)

Phenols are used in industry to make plastics and detergents. (dictionary.com)
Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates , epoxies , Bakelite , nylon , detergents , herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides , and numerous pharmaceutical drugs . (wikipedia.org)
1 2 Manufactured phenol is used as a chemical intermediate to produce industrial commodities such as plastics (BPA) , nylon 6, synthetic fibers, detergents, herbicides, pharmaceutical drugs and vaccines. (greenmedinfo.com)

Ingestion of concentrated phenol can produce internal burns. (cdc.gov)
People who had skin exposure to high amounts of phenol had skin burns, liver damage, dark urine, irregular heart beat, and some died. (cdc.gov)
But the phenol - a deadly chemical used in Aristech's processes that is known to cause internal burns, muscle spasms and organ failure - indicated that something might have gone wrong. (propublica.org)
In fact, surgical gloves were first used to protect doctor's hands from phenol burns. (wikidoc.org)

In the United States, Phenol may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug products. (ewg.org)
When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name is Phenol. (ewg.org)
Phenol is the active ingredient in some treatments for sore throats, and is found in several lozenges and throat sprays. (angelo.edu)

Phenol-formaldehyde polymers make excellent wood adhesives for plywood and particleboard because they form chemical bonds with the phenollike lignin component of wood. (britannica.com)

You may be exposed to phenol if you undergo "chemical peels" to remove skin lesions with phenol-containing products or are treated for chronic pain or spasticity with injections of phenol. (cdc.gov)

Several members of the staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptide family exhibit pronounced capacities to lyse eukaryotic cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and erythrocytes. (mdpi.com)

Phenol derivatives find use in the preparation of cosmetics comprising sunscreens, hair colourings and skin lightening preparations. (alfa.com)
V. Coman and Z. Moldovan, "RP-HPLC Method for the Separation of Some Phenol Derivatives Using Gradient Elution and UV Detection," Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, Vol. 23, No. 12, 2000, pp. 699-701. (scirp.org)
The global demand for phenol is currently being driven by an increasing demand of its various derivatives. (prnewswire.com)

Vomiting and lethargy were the most frequent signs of toxicity observed in children who accidentally ingested phenol and were treated at a poison control center. (cdc.gov)
Phenol is potentially capable of causing both systemic toxicity and direct adverse effects on the skin following dermal exposure. (cdc.gov)
Microbial production of phenol seems to be a non-viable process considering the high toxicity of phenol to the cell. (innovations-report.com)
Furthermore, the team developed a biphasic extractive fermentation process to minimize the toxicity of phenol to E. coli cells. (innovations-report.com)
Glycerol tributyrate was found to have low toxicity to E. coli and allowed efficient extraction of phenol from the culture broth. (innovations-report.com)

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Humanities1

Information Science6

Health Care7

The alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 is closely related to aromatic monooxygenases and catalyzes aromatic monohydroxylation of benzene, toluene, and phenol. (1/497)

Methods for detection of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus DNA in soil. (2/497)

Metabolism of [14C]phenol in the isolated perfused mouse liver. (3/497)

An outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of a phenol-digesting activated-sludge process. (4/497)

Taxonomic characterization of denitrifying bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds and description of Azoarcus toluvorans sp. nov. and Azoarcus toluclasticus sp. nov. (5/497)

Heat-induced expression and chemically induced expression of the Escherichia coli stress protein HtpG are affected by the growth environment. (6/497)

Novel effector control through modulation of a preexisting binding site of the aromatic-responsive sigma(54)-dependent regulator DmpR. (7/497)

Amount and fate of egg protein escaping assimilation in the small intestine of humans. (8/497)

Phenol

Phenols

Phenolsulfonphthalein

Chlorophenols

Phenolphthaleins

Arylsulfotransferase

Cresols

Catechols

Biodegradation, Environmental

Parabens

Benzene

Mixed Function Oxygenases

Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase

Thauera

Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase

Oxygenases

Pentachlorophenol

Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase

Anisoles

Pseudomonas

Trichosporon

Hydroquinones

Benzopyrenes

Guaiacol

Nitrophenols

Benzoic Acid

Monophenol Monooxygenase

Nails, Ingrown

Copyright

Computer Security

Confidentiality

Privacy

Licensure

Humic Substances

Encyclopedias as Topic

Galaxies

Ice Cream

Stars, Celestial

Coal Tar

Dictionaries, Medical

History

Dictionaries as Topic

Disinfectants

Frozen Foods

Food Preservation

Television

Vegetables

Circadian Rhythm

Patents as Topic

Polymers

Formaldehyde

Plastics

Styrene

The alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter strain Py2 is closely related to aromatic monooxygenases and catalyzes aromatic monohydroxylation of benzene, toluene, and phenol. (1/497)

Methods for detection of Anticarsia gemmatalis nucleopolyhedrovirus DNA in soil. (2/497)

Metabolism of [14C]phenol in the isolated perfused mouse liver. (3/497)

An outbreak of nonflocculating catabolic populations caused the breakdown of a phenol-digesting activated-sludge process. (4/497)

Taxonomic characterization of denitrifying bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds and description of Azoarcus toluvorans sp. nov. and Azoarcus toluclasticus sp. nov. (5/497)

Heat-induced expression and chemically induced expression of the Escherichia coli stress protein HtpG are affected by the growth environment. (6/497)

Novel effector control through modulation of a preexisting binding site of the aromatic-responsive sigma(54)-dependent regulator DmpR. (7/497)

Amount and fate of egg protein escaping assimilation in the small intestine of humans. (8/497)

Biological treatment performance of hypersaline wastewaters with high phenols concentration from table olive packaging industry...

Influence of ph and inoculum size on phenol utilization by bacterial strains isolated from oil refinery effluent |...

Haemorol Oily Phenol Injection - Uses, Side-effects, Reviews, and Precautions - Phebra - - Australia | all4insure.ru

Activated carbons as green and effective catalysts for generation of reactive radicals in degradation of aqueous phenol

Study on removal of phenol using adsorption process | Asian Journal Of Science And Technologies

water treatment, buy Phenol treatment of macroporous adsorption resin in wastewater on China Suppliers Mobile - 167318353

Wines & Vines - Finding Balance in Viognier

Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Effect of applied potential on photocatalytic phenol degradation...

Potential of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Systems | Science Publications

Granulicoccus phenolivorans - Wikipedia

Water Science & Technology

Complete genome sequence of Marinobacter sp. LQ44, a haloalkaliphilic phenol-degrading bacterium isolated from a deep-sea...

Phenol biodegradation by free and immobilized candida tropicalis RETL-Cr1 on coconut husk and loofah packed in biofilter column...

Evaluation of the phenol-induced flagellar agglutination test for the identification of the cholera group of vibrios |...

Botox/Phenol injections in immune dificient child

دانلود مقاله Novel single and hybrid immobilization methods for enhanced phenol degradation by Pseudomonas sp. SA01

Phenol Derivatives Market worth 19.78 Billion USD by 2026

Computational study of the adsorption and dissociation of phenol on Pt and Rh surfaces

Give an account of the properties and uses of phenol - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com