Phencyclidine
A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.
Receptors, Phencyclidine
Specific sites or molecular structures on cell membranes or in cells with which phencyclidine reacts or to which it binds to elicit the specific response of the cell to phencyclidine. Studies have demonstrated the presence of multiple receptor sites for PCP. These are the PCP/sigma site, which binds both PCP and psychotomimetic opiates but not certain antipsychotics, and the PCP site, which selectively binds PCP analogs.
Phencyclidine Abuse
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Phenazocine
Dizocilpine Maleate
A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Clozapine
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
Amphibian Venoms
Venoms produced by frogs, toads, salamanders, etc. The venom glands are usually on the skin of the back and contain cardiotoxic glycosides, cholinolytics, and a number of other bioactive materials, many of which have been characterized. The venoms have been used as arrow poisons and include bufogenin, bufotoxin, bufagin, bufotalin, histrionicotoxins, and pumiliotoxin.
Dibenzocycloheptenes
Receptors, sigma
A class of cell surface receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Sigma receptors were originally considered to be opioid receptors because they bind certain synthetic opioids. However they also interact with a variety of other psychoactive drugs, and their endogenous ligand is not known (although they can react to certain endogenous steroids). Sigma receptors are found in the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, and in some peripheral tissues.
Dextroamphetamine
The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.
Receptors, Neurotransmitter
Cell surface receptors that bind signalling molecules released by neurons and convert these signals into intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Neurotransmitter is used here in its most general sense, including not only messengers that act to regulate ion channels, but also those which act on second messenger systems and those which may act at a distance from their release sites. Included are receptors for neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators, and neurohumors, whether or not located at synapses.
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.
Antipsychotic Agents
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Ketamine
Startle Reaction
Psychoses, Substance-Induced
Prefrontal Cortex
The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.
Street Drugs
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Azirines
Substance Abuse Detection
Stereotyped Behavior
Schizophrenia
Columbidae
Reinforcement Schedule
Torpedo
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
N-Methylaspartate
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Ritanserin
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Electric Organ
In about 250 species of electric fishes, modified muscle fibers forming disklike multinucleate plates arranged in stacks like batteries in series and embedded in a gelatinous matrix. A large torpedo ray may have half a million plates. Muscles in different parts of the body may be modified, i.e., the trunk and tail in the electric eel, the hyobranchial apparatus in the electric ray, and extrinsic eye muscles in the stargazers. Powerful electric organs emit pulses in brief bursts several times a second. They serve to stun prey and ward off predators. A large torpedo ray can produce of shock of more than 200 volts, capable of stunning a human. (Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p672)
Encyclopedias as Topic
Dextromethorphan
Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
Receptors, Nicotinic
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Wrongful Life
Love
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Bosnia-Herzegovina
A country of eastern Europe, formerly the province of Bosnia in Yugoslavia, uniting with the province of Herzegovina to form the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1946. It was created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia and recognized by the United States as an independent state. Bosnia takes is name from the river Bosna, in turn from the Indoeuropean root bhog, "current"; Herzegovina is from the Serbian herceg (duke) + -ov (the possessive) + -ina (country or territory).
Effects of stimulants of abuse on extrapyramidal and limbic neuropeptide Y systems. (1/421)
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an apparent neuromodulating neuropeptide, has been linked to dopamine systems and dopamine-related psychotic disorders. Because of this association, we determined and compared the effects of psychotomimetic drugs on extrapyramidal and limbic NPY systems. We observed that phencyclidine, methamphetamine (METH), (+)methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and cocaine, but not (-)MDMA, similarly reduced the striatal content of NPY-like immunoreactivity from 54% (phencyclidine) to 74% [(+) MDMA] of control. The effects of METH on NPY levels in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra were characterized in greater detail. We observed that METH decreased NPY levels in specific regions of the nucleus accumbens and the caudate, but had no effect on NPY in the globus pallidus or the substantia nigra. The dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH-23390 blocked these effects of METH, suggesting that NPY levels throughout the nucleus accumbens and the caudate are regulated through D1 pathways. The D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride did not appear to alter the METH effect, but this was difficult to determine because eticlopride decreased NPY levels by itself. A single dose of METH was sufficient to lower NPY levels, in some, but not all, regions examined. The effects on NPY levels after multiple METH administrations were substantially greater and persisted up to 48 h after treatment; this suggests that synthesis of this neuropeptide may be suppressed even after the drug is gone. These findings suggest that NPY systems may contribute to the D1 receptor-mediated effects of the psychostimulants. (+info)The neuropsychopharmacology of phencyclidine: from NMDA receptor hypofunction to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. (2/421)
Administration of noncompetitive NMDA/glutamate receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine, to humans induces a broad range of schizophrenic-like symptomatology, findings that have contributed to a hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia. Moreover, a history of experimental investigations of the effects of these drugs in animals suggests that NMDA receptor antagonists may model some behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia in nonhuman subjects. In this review, the usefulness of PCP administration as a potential animal model of schizophrenia is considered. To support the contention that NMDA receptor antagonist administration represents a viable model of schizophrenia, the behavioral and neurobiological effects of these drugs are discussed, especially with regard to differing profiles following single-dose and long-term exposure. The neurochemical effects of NMDA receptor antagonist administration are argued to support a neurobiological hypothesis of schizophrenia, which includes pathophysiology within several neurotransmitter systems, manifested in behavioral pathology. Future directions for the application of NMDA receptor antagonist models of schizophrenia to preclinical and pathophysiological research are offered. (+info)Effects of (+)-HA-966, CGS-19755, phencyclidine, and dizocilpine on repeated acquisition of response chains in pigeons: systemic manipulation of central glycine sites. (3/421)
The effects of i.m. injections of (+)-HA-966, a glycine-site antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of the glutamate receptor, its enantiomer (-)-HA-966, the competitive glutamate antagonist CGS-19755, the uncompetitive glutamate antagonists phencyclidine and dizocilpine, and the micro opioid agonist morphine were evaluated in a repeated acquisition task in pigeons. All of the drugs produced dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding. The NMDA receptor and channel blockers and (+)-HA-966 appeared to have a greater effect on acquisition than did morphine at doses that did not fully suppress responding. The rate suppression and learning impairment produced by a large dose of (+)-HA-966 (100 mg/kg) were completely prevented by coadministration of the glycine-site agonist D-serine (560 mg/kg) but not by its enantiomer, L-serine (1000 mg/kg). D-Serine, however, produced incomplete antagonism of the effects of dizocilpine and phencyclidine and failed to alter those of CGS-19755. These findings provide evidence that reducing the activity of the NMDA subtype of the glutamate receptor through pharmacological action at any of three sites produces similar decrements in acquisition, and those produced through antagonism of the glycine site are differentially sensitive to the glycine-site agonist D-serine. (+info)Clozapine, but not haloperidol, prevents the functional hyperactivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in rat cortical neurons induced by subchronic administration of phencyclidine. (4/421)
Repeated exposure of rats to the psychotomimetic drug phencyclidine (PCP) markedly increased the response of prefrontal cortical neurons to the glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) relative to agonist alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid. Moreover, acute challenge by PCP produced a significantly reduced block of NMDA-induced current. In addition, the subchronic administration of PCP reduced significantly the paired-pulse facilitation, accompanied by a significant increase of excitatory postsynaptic current variance. These results suggest that repeated exposure to PCP increased evoked release of excitatory amino acids. The enhanced release of excitatory amino acids evoked by NMDA could explain, at least partly, a hypersensitive response to NMDA and a reduced blockade of the NMDA responses by a PCP challenge in rats exposed repeatedly to PCP. Pretreatment with the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine, but not the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol, attenuates the repeated PCP-induced effect. Our results support the hypothesis that clozapine may facilitate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission to improve schizophrenic-negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. This novel approach is useful for evaluating the cellular mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic drugs. (+info)Rat strain differences in the ability to disrupt sensorimotor gating are limited to the dopaminergic system, specific to prepulse inhibition, and unrelated to changes in startle amplitude or nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor sensitivity. (5/421)
Previous studies indicate that a variety of pharmacological agents interfere with the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (PPI) response including phencyclidine (PCP), 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), amphetamine, and apomorphine. Strain differences have been observed in the ability of apomorphine to disrupt PPI, although the degree to which these strain differences occur after administration of nondopaminergic drugs or the degree to which differences can be observed in other models of dopamine (DA) receptor activation has not been elucidated. The present study tested the effects of apomorphine, amphetamine, 8-OH-DPAT, and PCP on PPI in the Sprague Dawley and Wistar rat strains. Because apomorphine disrupts PPI via activation of DA receptors in the nucleus accumbens, apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion, also a behavioral model of nucleus accumbens DA receptor activation, was measured in both rat strains. Administration of PCP or 8-OH-DPAT attenuated PPI in both strains, whereas apomorphine and amphetamine only attenuated PPI in Wistar rats. The ability of apomorphine to increase motor activity in the absence of a startle-eliciting stimulus was similar in the two strains, as was apomorphine-induced hyperlocomotion. A time course analysis of the effects of apomorphine on startle response in Sprague Dawley rats found that changes in the magnitude of PPI followed changes in basic startle amplitude. Similarly, no apomorphine-induced attenuation of PPI was observed in Sprague Dawley rats after 6-OHDA-induced DA receptor supersensitivity in the nucleus accumbens. These data suggest a dissociation between the effects of DA receptor agonists in PPI and other behavioral models of DA receptor activation. (+info)Effects of sustained phencyclidine exposure on sensorimotor gating of startle in rats. (6/421)
Phencyclidine (PCP), a non-competitive NMDA antagonist with actions at multiple other central nervous system receptors, can cause both acute and lasting psychoses in humans, and has also been used in cross-species models of psychosis. Acute exposure to PCP in rats produces behavioral changes, including a loss of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, which parallels the loss of PPI observed in schizophrenia patients. Sustained exposure to PCP in rats produces neuropathological changes in several limbic regions and prolonged behavioral abnormalities that may parallel neuropsychological deficits in schizophrenia. It is unclear whether sustained PCP exposure will also produce a loss of prepulse inhibition which parallels the decrease observed in schizophrenia patients. In the present study, we examined changes in PPI during and after sustained PCP administration, using 5-day PCP exposure via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, or 14-day PCP exposure via repeated intraperitoneal injections. In both forms of drug delivery, PPI was disrupted during, but not after, sustained drug exposure. PPI does not appear to be sensitive to neuropathological effects of sustained PCP exposure. (+info)Excitatory actions of NMDA receptor antagonists in rat entorhinal cortex and cultured entorhinal cortical neurons. (7/421)
We have characterized excitatory effects of non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801, PCP, and ketamine in the rat entorhinal cortex and in cultured primary entorhinal cortical neurons using expression of immediate early gene c-fos as an indicator. NMDA receptor antagonists produced a strong and dose-dependent increase in c-fos mRNA and protein expression confined to neurons in the layer III of the caudal entorhinal cortex. Induction of c-fos mRNA is delayed and it is inhibited by antipsychotic drugs. Cultured entorhinal neurons are killed by high doses of MK-801 and PCP but c-fos expression is not induced in these neurons indicating that this in vitro model does not fully replicate the in vivo effects of PCP-like drugs in the entorhinal cortex. Excitatory effects of the NMDA receptor antagonists may be connected with the psychotropic side effects of these drugs and might become a useful model system to investigate neurobiology of psychosis. (+info)Characterization of interaction of 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester with Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor. (8/421)
The widely used calcium channel antagonist 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8) has been identified as a noncompetitive antagonist (NCA) and open-channel blocker of both muscle- and neuronal-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). To further examine the interaction of TMB-8 with the AChR, the compound was tested as a competitor for the binding of two NCAs of the Torpedo californica AChR, phencyclidine and 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine, for which the binding to the AChR has been pharmacologically well characterized and a channel binding loci has been established. TMB-8 fully inhibited specific photoincorporation of 3-trifluoromethyl-3-(m[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine into the resting AChR channel (IC50 = 3.1 microM) and inhibited high-affinity [3H]phencyclidine binding to the desensitized AChR (IC50 = 2.4 microM). We conclude that TMB-8 is a potent NCA of the nicotinic AChR, interacting with the resting, open-channel, and desensitized channel conformations. TMB-8 was next tested as an inhibitor of the structurally homologous 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 receptor (5-HT3R). Using 5-HT3R containing Sf21 cell membranes, TMB-8 completely inhibited specific binding of the radiolabeled 5-HT3R antagonist [3H]GR65630 (Ki = 2.5 microM). Furthermore, TMB-8 antagonized 5-HT-evoked currents of both mouse and human 5-HT3Rs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and additional analysis was consistent with a competitive antagonistic mechanism of action. These results, taken together, indicate that TMB-8 antagonizes the function of the AChR and 5-HT3R by different mechanisms. Given the sequence similarity and emerging evidence of structural homology in the channels of these two receptors, these results underscore the existence of subtle yet important structural differences in each channel. (+info)
Calcium-dependent GABA release from mouse brain slices following acute and chronic phencyclidine administration<...
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List of dopaminergic drugs
Phencyclidine • PD-128,907 • PD-168,077 • PF-219,061 • Piribedil • Pramipexole • Propylnorapomorphine • Pukateine • Quinagolide ... Phencyclidine • Pipradrol Pyrrolidines: Diphenylprolinol • Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) • Naphyrone • Prolintane • ...
Crack cocaine
"; "woola"); heroin ("moon rock"); and phencyclidine ("clicker"; "p-funk"; "spacebase"). Crack smoking ("hitting the pipe"; " ...
3-HO-PCP
Itzhak Y, Kalir A, Sarne Y (1981). "On the opioid nature of phencyclidine and its 3-hydroxy derivative". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 73 ... Johnson N, Itzhak Y, Pasternak GW (1984). "Interaction of two phencyclidine opiate-like derivatives with 3H-opioid binding ... 3-Hydroxyphencyclidine (3-HO-PCP) is a dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class related to phencyclidine (PCP) that has ... Holsztynska EJ, Domino EF (1986). "Quantitation of phencyclidine, its metabolites, and derivatives by gas chromatography with ...
Arylcyclohexylamine
Binding to the phencyclidine and sigma 1 receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 41 (4): 468-477. doi:10.1021/jm970059p. ... Eterović, V. A.; Lu, R.; Eakin, A. E.; Rodríguez, A. D.; Ferchmin, P. A. (1999). "Determinants of phencyclidine potency on the ... Phencyclidine (PCP) is believed to be the first arylcyclohexylamine with recognized anesthetic properties, but several ... Itzhak, Y; Kalir, A; Weissman, BA; Cohen, S (1981). "New analgesic drugs derived from phencyclidine". J Med Chem. 24 (5): 496-9 ...
Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Although their primary mechanisms of action are as NMDA receptor antagonists, ketamine and phencyclidine are also SNDRIs and ... Wallach J, Brandt SD (2018). "Phencyclidine-Based New Psychoactive Substances". Handb Exp Pharmacol. 252: 261-303. doi:10.1007/ ... weak SNDRI action likely contributes to effects and abuse potential Phencyclidine (Sernyl) - discontinued anesthetic and ...
Hallucinogen
Nicholson KL, Hayes BA, Balster RL (September 1999). "Evaluation of the reinforcing properties and phencyclidine-like ... Price, William A.; Giannini, Matthew C.; Giannini, A. James (1984). "Antidotal Strategies in Phencyclidine Intoxication". The ... Common Dissociative Drugs Include: PCP (Phencyclidine). 117 (4): 46-7. PMC 1518731. PMID 18730832. American Psychiatric ... phencyclidine (PCP), dextromethorphan (DXM), and nitrous oxide. However, dissociation is also remarkably administered by ...
3-Methyl-PCPy
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Ergoline
There are a variety of clinically useful ergoline derivatives for the purpose of vasoconstriction, the treatment of migraines, and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Ergoline alkaloids found their place in pharmacology long before modern medicine as preparations of ergot were often used by midwives in the 12th century to stimulate childbirth.[10] Following Arthur Stoll's isolation of ergometrine, the therapeutic use of ergoline derivatives became well explored. The induction of uterine contractions via the preparation of ergot was attributed to ergonovine, an ergoline derivative found in ergot, which is a powerful oxytocic. From this, methergine, a synthetic derivative, was elucidated.[7] While used to facilitate child birth, ergoline derivatives can pass into breast milk and should not be used during breastfeeding.[11] They are uterine contractors that can increase the risk of miscarriage during pregnancy.[3] Another example of medically relevant ergoline alkaloids is ergotamine, an alkaloid ...
Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide
... (LA-SS-Az, LSZ) is an analog of LSD developed by the team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University.[1][2] It was developed as a rigid analog of LSD with the diethylamide group constrained into an azetidine ring in order to map the binding site at the 5-HT2A receptor. There are three possible stereoisomers around the azetidine ring, with the (S,S)-(+) isomer being the most active, slightly more potent than LSD itself in drug discrimination tests using trained rats.[3] There have been several unconfirmed reports of lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide being synthesized in illicit laboratories and distributed on blotter paper or in liquid solution under names such as "diazedine" and "λ".[4][5] In 2013 LSZ also appeared on some designer drug and research chemical markets in the UK.[6][unreliable source?][7] LSZ later gained international popularity through a small cluster of mail-order novel psychedelic shops that appeared in 2012.[8] ...
25I-NBOH
... acts as a potent agonist for the 5HT2A receptor,[1][2] with a Ki of 0.061 nM at the human 5HT2A receptor, similar to the better-known compound 25I-NBOMe, making it some twelve times the potency of 2C-I itself. Although in vitro tests show this compound acts as an agonist, animal studies to confirm these findings have not been reported. While the N-benzyl derivatives of 2C-I had significantly increased binding to 5HT2A receptor fragments, compared to 2C-I, the N-benzyl derivatives of DOI were less active compared to DOI.[3] 25I-NBOH is notable as one of the most selective agonist ligands for the 5-HT2A receptor with an EC50 value of 0.074 nM with more than 400 times selectivity over the 5-HT2C receptor.[4] ...
5-Bromo-DMT
... (5-bromo-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a psychedelic brominated indole alkaloid found in the sponges Smenospongia aurea and Smenospongia echina, as well as in Verongula rigida (0.00142% dry weight) alongside 5,6-Dibromo-DMT (0.35% dry weight) and seven other alkaloids.[1][2][3][4] It is the 5-bromo derivative of DMT, a psychedelic found in many plants and animals. 5-Bromo-DMT has a pEC50 value of 5.51 for the 5-HT2A receptor.[5] Animal studies on 5-Bromo-DMT showed that it produces effects suggestive of sedative and antidepressant activity and caused significant reduction of locomotor activity in the rodent FST model.[6] 5-Bromo-DMT was reported to be psychoactive at 20-50 mg via vaporization with mild psychedelic-like activity.[7] ...
EA-3443
... is a potent and long lasting anticholinergic deliriant drug, related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). It was developed under contract to Edgewood Arsenal during the 1960s as part of the US military chemical weapons program, during research to improve upon the properties of earlier agents such as QNB. The main advantages of EA-3443 were not only increased potency over QNB, but also a significantly improved central to peripheral effects ratio. Anticholinergic drugs produce both incapacitating deliriant effects through action in the brain, and a variety of distinctive physical symptoms such as dry mouth, dilated pupils, blurred vision and hot flushed skin, all of which together comprise the "anticholinergic syndrome" which is generally easy for doctors to diagnose. EA-3443 however is mainly selective for the brain, and when administered in a narrow dose range of around 0.3mg can produce the central effects of confusion, hallucinations and amnesia, but without ...
2C-T-2
Schedule I in Sweden. 2C-T-2 was first classified as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of April 1, 1999, under SFS 1999:58[6] that made it illegal to sell or possess. The Riksdag added 2C-T-2 to Narcotic Drugs Punishments Act under Swedish schedule I ("substances, plant materials and fungi which normally do not have medical use") as of March 16, 2004, published by Medical Products Agency (MPA) in regulation LVFS 2004:3 listed as 2C-T-2, 2,5-dimetoxi-4-etyltiofenetylamin.[7] ...
2C-E
In the United Kingdom, 2C-E is a Class A controlled substance. The UK has the strictest laws in the EU on designer drugs. The Misuse Of Drugs Act was amended in 2002 to include a "catch most" clause outlawing every drug, and possible future drug, from the LSD (ergoline) and MDMA (phenethylamine) chemical families (including 2C-E). The amendment is a near verbatim quote from the books of the American biochemist Alexander Shulgin, who obtained a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Shulgin, a former research chemist at the Dow Chemical Company, re-discovered the synthesis for MDMA in 1976 and published the syntheses for more than 200 phenethylamine compounds of his own invention, and 55 tryptamine compounds many of which were also his own invention. The Shulgins were motivated to release the synthesis information as a way to protect the public's access to information about psychedelic compounds, a goal Alexander Shulgin has noted many times. ...
4-Acetoxy-DiPT
Sveriges riksdags health ministry Statens folkhälsoinstitut classified 4-AcO-DiPT as "health hazard" under the act Lagen om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor (translated Act on the Prohibition of Certain Goods Dangerous to Health) as of Mar 1, 2005, in their regulation SFS 2005:26 listed as 4-acetoxi-N,N-diisopropyltryptamin (4-AcO-DIPT), making it illegal to sell or possess.[3] ...
Atropine
In general, atropine counters the "rest and digest" activity of glands regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. This occurs because atropine is a competitive, reversible antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (acetylcholine being the main neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system). Atropine is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5.[28] It is classified as an anticholinergic drug (parasympatholytic). In cardiac uses, it works as a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholinergic antagonist, increasing firing of the sinoatrial node (SA) and conduction through the atrioventricular node (AV) of the heart, opposes the actions of the vagus nerve, blocks acetylcholine receptor sites, and decreases bronchial secretions. In the eye, atropine induces mydriasis by blocking contraction of the circular pupillary sphincter muscle, which is normally stimulated by acetylcholine release, thereby allowing the radial iris ...
Nalorphine
... (INN) (brand names Lethidrone, Nalline), also known as N-allylnormorphine, is a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist with opioid antagonist and analgesic properties.[1] It was introduced in 1954[2] and was used as an antidote to reverse opioid overdose and in a challenge test to determine opioid dependence.[3] It acts at two opioid receptors - the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) where it has antagonistic effects, and at the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) (Ki = 1.6 nM; EC50 = 483 nM; Emax = 95%) where it exerts high-efficacy partial agonist/near-full agonist characteristics.[4] Nalorphine was the second opioid antagonist to be introduced, preceded by nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine) in 1915 and followed by naloxone in 1960 and naltrexone in 1963.[2] Due to potent activation of the KOR, nalorphine produces side effects such as dysphoria, anxiety, confusion, and hallucinations, and for this reason, is no longer used medically.[1][2][5] Nalorphine has a number of analogues including niconalorphine (the ...
N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
... (JB-318) is an anticholinergic drug related to the chemical warfare agent 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate.. N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate is less potent and shorter acting than 3-quinuclidyl benzilate, but like 3-QNB its effects on the central nervous system predominate over peripheral effects. It produces deliriant and hallucinogenic effects similar to those of plants such as datura and may be used recreationally at low doses; however, unpleasant side effects such as dysphoria, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and extreme dry mouth tend to make abuse of drugs of this kind uncommon. Both the N-methyl and N-ethyl analogues of 3-piperidyl benzilate are, however, Schedule I controlled drugs.. Radiolabelled versions of this drug have been used in scientific research to map the distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, however this drug has slightly lower binding affinity than the N-methyl analogue and so is less potent and not so widely used for this ...
HU-210
Hallucinogenic Drug" means those specified in Section 7 of this rule including stramonium, mescaline or peyote, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, and all synthetic equivalents of chemicals contained in resinous extractives of Cannabis sativa, or any salts or derivatives or compounds of any preparations or mixtures thereof, and any other substance having a hallucinogenic effect in the regulations adopted by the Board of Health under 18 V.S.A.§ 4202. ... • Cannabimimetic Agents means, collectively, any chemical that is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) or cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonist, or any salts, isomers, derivatives, or analogs of these chemicals. Structural classes include but are not limited to: (a) 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by alkyl or alkenyl, whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent. (b) 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole or 3-(1-naphthyl)indole with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the ...
Dimethyllysergamide
N,N-Dimethyllysergamide or N,N-dimethyl-D-lysergamide (DAM-57) is a derivative of ergine. There has been a single report of observing N,N-dimethyl-D-lysergamide in the illicit drug market.[1] This compound did induce autonomic disturbances at oral levels of some ten times the dosage required for LSD, presumably in the high hundreds of micrograms. There is some disagreement as to whether there were psychic changes observed.[2] ...
Phenyltoloxamine
... is widely used in preparations as an enhancing agent for some analgesics and antitussives (acetaminophen, dihydrocodeine, codeine, hydrocodone). It is widely used in certain parts of the world as cough suppressant usually with codeine, and sometimes by itself or in addition to dextromethorphan as it, like diphenhydramine, possesses antitussive action of its own and is particularly useful in semi-productive coughs because of its moderate drying action. Phenyltoloxamine has analgesic and anti-spasmodic properties of its own[citation needed] and is used in combination with paracetamol, aspirin and other salicylates and other drugs in proprietary preparations available over the counter for backache, muscle strains and similar conditions. In this respect, it is similar to a closely related antihistamine, orphenadrine, and both drugs are very closely related to diphenhydramine and to doxylamine, the latter of which is the active ingredient in NyQuil and many other cough ...
Glaucine
Reports of recreational use of glaucine have recently been published, and effects include dissociative-type symptoms; feeling detached and 'in another world', as well as nausea, vomiting and dilated pupils. These reports mirror those about the effects of clinical use, which state dissociative-type symptoms as well as lethargy, fatigue, hallucinations.[8][9] Investigation of side effects in a clinical setting also reports that the hallucinatory effects manifest as bright and colorful visualizations. They also report that patients perceive their environments clearly yet feel detached from it; "the patient sees and understands everything and is oriented well enough, but cannot take a clear and adequate action".[8]. One particular report of recreational use gone awry described the form of distribution as tablets being marketed as a 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP)-free "herbal high" which the patient referred to as "head candy".[9]. ...
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
The full name of the chemical is 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine. DOB has a stereocenter and R-(-)-DOB is the eutomer. This is an important finding as it is suggestive that it is targeting different receptors relative to most other phenethylamines (e.g. MDMA) where the R-isomer serves as the distomer. The toxicity of DOB is not fully known, although high doses may cause serious vasoconstriction of the extremities. DOB is one of the most potent compounds in PiHKAL; while the active dose is similar to that of DOI, another psychedelic amphetamine, DOB has been shown to have a higher efficacy in triggering downstream effects mediated by 5-HT2 receptors,[4] making it likely to be slightly more dangerous than DOI in overdose, due to greater vasoconstrictive action. Omission of the amphetamine related α-methyl leads to 2C-B, a compound that possesses a lower affinity for the 5-HT2A receptor and is a weaker receptor agonist which results in drastically reduced vasoconstriction.[citation needed] ...
List of chemical warfare agents
Phencyclidine (SN). *Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Other incapacitating agents[edit]. These substances have also been ...
Levonantradol
... has been clinically tested in cancer patients for its pain relief and antiemetic benefits. Cancer patients that endure chemotherapy often develop intense nausea, and Levonantradol has been tested to reduce these emetic symptoms. It is often used instead of THC because it has a higher efficacy. Levonantradol also acts on pain pathways in the central nervous system, which enables the drug to alleviate pain. Studies have shown an absence of emetic side effects within the half-life of the Levonantradol administered. Other studies suggest that cannabinoid agonists can synergize opioid anti-nociception. Cannabinoid receptors are located in nociceptive pathways, and CBs can promote signal transduction in TRP channels. Although Levonantradol relieves nociceptive and postoperative pain, decreases nausea, and improves spasticity in addition to being more effective than placebos, it has yet to be approved as legal medicine. Researchers have concluded that Levonantradol is no more effective ...
Tolterodine
... acts on M2 and M3[3] subtypes of muscarinic receptors whereas older antimuscarinic treatments for overactive bladder act more specifically on M3 receptors. Tolterodine, although it acts on all types of receptors, has fewer side effects than oxybutynin (M3 and M1 selective, but more so in the parotid than in the bladder) as tolterodine targets the bladder more than other areas of the body. This means that less drug needs to be given daily (due to efficient targeting of the bladder) and so there are fewer side effects.[citation needed] ...
5-MeO-DMT
Phencyclidine. *Siramesine (Lu 28-179). *UKH-1114. *Antagonists: AC-927. *BD-1008 ...
Pentazocine
Phencyclidine. *Siramesine (Lu 28-179). *UKH-1114. *Antagonists: AC-927. *BD-1008 ...
PCPr
It is around the same potency as phencyclidine, although slightly less potent than its ethyl homologue eticyclidine,[1] and has ... Phencyclidine Derivatives - A new Class of Designer Drugs. Studies on the Metabolism and Toxicological Analysis. Universität ... MADDOX VH, GODEFROI EF, PARCELL RF (March 1965). "THE SYNTHESIS OF PHENCYCLIDINE AND OTHER 1-ARYLCYCLOHEXYLAMINES". Journal of ...
25TFM-NBOMe
... (also known as NBOMe-2C-TFM, 2C-TFM-NBOMe, and Cimbi-138) is a derivative of the phenethylamine hallucinogen 2C-TFM, discovered in 2004 by Ralf Heim at the Free University of Berlin.[1] It acts as a potent partial agonist for the 5HT2A receptor, though its relative potency is disputed, with some studies finding it to be of lower potency than 25I-NBOMe,[2][3] while others show it to be of similar or higher potency,[4] possibly because of differences in the assay used.[5] 2C-TFM-NB2OMe can be taken to produce psychedelic effects similar to 2C-I-NB2OMe and 2C-D-NB2OMe. ...
phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058)
... has role psychotropic drug (CHEBI:35471) phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058) is a benzenes (CHEBI:22712) ... phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058) has role anaesthetic (CHEBI:38867) phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058) has role neurotoxin (CHEBI:50910) ... phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058) has role NMDA receptor antagonist (CHEBI:60643) ... phencyclidine (CHEBI:8058) has parent hydride piperidine (CHEBI:18049) ...
Phencyclidine overdose: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Phencyclidine, or PCP, is an illegal street drug. It can cause hallucinations and severe agitation. This article discusses ... Phencyclidine, or PCP, is an illegal street drug. It can cause hallucinations and severe agitation. This article discusses ... Phencyclidine. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meylers Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:670-672. ...
Phencyclidine | Define Phencyclidine at Dictionary.com
Phencyclidine - Wikipedia
Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets on Phencyclidine Phencyclidine and Ketamine: A View From the Street-1981 article on the ... Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among other names, is a drug used for its mind- ... Phencyclidine is used for its ability to induce a dissociative state. Behavioral effects can vary by dosage. Low doses produce ... Phencyclidine enters the ion channel and binds, reversibly and non-competitively, inside the channel pore to block the entry of ...
PCP (Phencyclidine): Facts, effects and health risks
Phencyclidine (PCP) is an illegal hallucinogenic drug. It can trigger a sense of detachment but also aggression and other ... "What is phencyclidine (PCP), or angel dust?." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 12 Oct. 2017. Web.. 15 Oct. 2019. ,https ... Phencyclidine, or PCP, also known as "angel dust," is an illegal psychedelic drug that induces hallucinations and produces a ... Phencyclidine (PCP). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/job185drugs/phencyclidine.htm. PCP. (n. ...
Substance use - phencyclidine (PCP): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Phencyclidine Toxicity: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Phencyclidine (PCP) was originally developed for use as a general anesthetic for surgery under the trade name Sernyl in the ... encoded search term (Phencyclidine%20Toxicity) and Phencyclidine Toxicity What to Read Next on Medscape. Medscape Consult. ... Phencyclidine (PCP) was originally developed for use as a general anesthetic for surgery under the trade name Sernyl in the ... Phencyclidine. Rosens Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby Inc; 2002. 2146-8. ...
Glossary: Phencyclidine (PCP)
Phencyclidine - Wikipedia
Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets on Phencyclidine. *Phencyclidine and Ketamine: A View From the Street-1981 article on ... "Phencyclidine Toxicity". eMedicine.. Retrieved on November 3, 2008. *^ a b c d Olmedo R (2002). "Chapter 69: Phencyclidine and ... "Phencyclidine". www.drugbank.ca. Retrieved 28 January 2019.. *^ Johnson, K M; Jones, S M (April 1990). "Neuropharmacology of ... Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among other names, is a drug used for its mind- ...
Phencyclidine (PCP) Confirmation/Quantitation, Urine
... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide ... Advantage Phencyclidine (PCP)Card. 2. Phencyclidine - Rapid Test. 3. Drugs of Abuse Array Evidence Phencyclidine Assay. 4. ... Meconium, Phencyclidine Confirmation/Quantitation. 8. Phencyclidine Confirmation/Quantitation, Meconium. 9. Phencyclidine, ... Drugs of Abuse Confirmation/Quantitation-Phencyclidine-Serum or Plasma. 5. Drugs of Abuse Confirmation/Quantitation- ...
Phencyclidine Use Disorder
Developed tolerance to phencyclidine (still present). Treatment Goals:. * Goal: stop using phencyclidine because using more ... Goal: stop using phencyclidine because it is getting out of control.. * Goal: stop using phencyclidine in order to prevent ... Phencyclidine Use Disorder 304.60. This diagnosis is based on the following findings: * Abused phencyclidine in the past 5 ... Chronic use of phencyclidine may lead to deficit in memory, speech, and thinking that can last for months. Phencyclidine may ...
Phencyclidine | C17H25N | ChemSpider
Phencyclidine abuse - definition of Phencyclidine abuse by The Free Dictionary
Phencyclidine abuse synonyms, Phencyclidine abuse pronunciation, Phencyclidine abuse translation, English dictionary definition ... of Phencyclidine abuse. n. A drug, C17H25N, used in veterinary medicine as an anesthetic and illegally as a hallucinogen; PCP. ... phencyclidine. (redirected from Phencyclidine abuse). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia. phen·cy·cli·dine. (fĕn- ... Phencyclidine abuse - definition of Phencyclidine abuse by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Phencyclidine+ ...
Detection of Phencyclidine (PCP) in Urine - Healthy.net
Phencyclidine (PCP, Angel Dust) is a cheap and popular drug often concentrated in selected socioeconomic groups. PCP may be ... Phencyclidine has several analogues and precursors. Most are illegal. Some labratories screen for phencyclidine by immunoassay ... Phencyclidine is rapidly absorbed from the lung and easily crosses the blood/brain barrier. In an average size (150 lb.) ... Phencyclidine (PCP, Angel Dust) is a cheap and popular drug often concentrated in selected socioeconomic groups. PCP may be ...
Phencyclidine Induced Oculogyric Crisis Responding Well to Conventional Treatment
Phencyclidine Induced Oculogyric Crisis Responding Well to Conventional Treatment
Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as angel dust, is the most dangerous of all hallucinogens due to its effect on behaviour. ... Phencyclidine Induced Oculogyric Crisis Responding Well to Conventional Treatment. Hassan Tahir and Vistasp Daruwalla ... Urine drug screen was done which came back positive for phencyclidine (PCP). Based on the onset of oculogyric crisis after ... T. Bey and A. Patel, "Phencyclidine intoxication and adverse effects: a clinical and pharmacological review of an illicit drug ...
Phencyclidine - DrugBank
Phencyclidine is similar to ketamine in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative ... Phencyclidine hydrochloride. V1JZQ7GDTX. 956-90-1. BUAJNGPDPGKBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N. International/Other Brands. Sernyl (Parke-Davis ... Phencyclidine is similar to ketamine in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative ... Phencyclidine. Accession Number. DB03575 (EXPT03307) Type. Small Molecule. Groups. Illicit. Description. A hallucinogen ...
Selective memory impairment by phencyclidine in rats
Phencyclidine (PCP) users sometimes report lack of recall of events occurring while they are under the influence of the drug. ... Selective memory impairment by phencyclidine in rats Eur J Pharmacol. 1987 Aug 4;140(1):69-73. doi: 10.1016/0014-2999(87)90635- ... Phencyclidine (PCP) users sometimes report lack of recall of events occurring while they are under the influence of the drug. ...
Phencyclidine Disposition after Intravenous and Oral Doses | RTI
Definition of phencyclidine
Illicit Synthesis of Phencyclidine (PCP) and Several of Its Analogs - [www.rhodium.ws]
Hallucinogens + LSD (Acid) + PCP (Phencyclidine) News Releases | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Phencyclidine Disposition in Humans after Small Doses of Radiolabeled Drug | RTI
Phencyclidine | Eye On Annapolis
Effects of repeated treatment with amphetamine or phencyclidine on working memory in the rat. - PubMed - NCBI
Positive association of Phencyclidine-responsive genes, PDE4A and PLAT, with schizophrenia.
Corticolimbic Dopamine Neurotransmission Is Temporally Dissociated from the Cognitive and Locomotor Effects of Phencyclidine |...
1978) Phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behavior in monkeys: antagonism by pimozide. Eur J Pharmacol 52:379-384. ... 1994) Effects of phencyclidine on dopamine release in the rat prefrontal cortex: an in vivo microdialysis study. Brain Res 633: ... 1994) Effect of NE-100, a novel ς receptor ligand, on phencyclidine-induced cognitive dysfunction. Eur J Pharmacol 263:9-15. ... 1987) Behavioral effects of phencyclidine and ketamine alone and in combination with other drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 144:331-341. ...
Subchronic phencyclidine administration reduces mesoprefrontal dopamine utilization and impairs prefrontal cortical-dependent...
In the presently described series of experiments, the neurochemical and cognitive consequences of subchronic phencyclidine ... Repeated ingestion of phencyclidine by humans induces enduring schizophrenic symptomatology, particularly cognitive dysfunction ... Repeated phencyclidine exposure led to a selective reduction in basal and stress-evoked dopamine utilization in the prefrontal ... Repeated ingestion of phencyclidine by humans induces enduring schizophrenic symptomatology, particularly cognitive dysfunction ...
Reelin has a preventive effect on phencyclidine-induced cognitive and sensory-motor gating deficits. | Sigma-Aldrich
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 1006 : Effects of phencyclidine, ketamine and MDMA on complex operant behavior in monkeys :...
Mastropaolo J Effects of phencyclidine, ketamine and MDMA on complex operant behavior in monkeys Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1987 ... Unlike phencyclidine and ketamine, MDMA had no effect on accuracy in either acquisition or performance. The results indicate ... After IM administration, phencyclidine, ketamine, and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or ecstasy) each produced dose- ... Ketamine was similar to phencyclidine in producing dose-related increases in percent errors in both schedule components, but ...
KetamineSchizophreniaNMDARatsHallucinogenPsychotomimeticUrineHydrochlorideNeurochemical and behavioral effectsPsychosisSubstancesSubchronic phencyclidineDrugsAnestheticAmphetamineDissociative drugCommonlyEffectsInducesHallucinogenic drugImpairmentDopamineReceptorMDMABehaviorsCognitivePiperidineBehaviourPathwaysImmunoassayDrugPoisoningAngelSubstanceBalster2001IntravenousMarijuana
Ketamine9
- Phencyclidine is similar to ketamine in structure and in many of its effects. (drugbank.ca)
- Actions of ketamine, phencyclidine and MK-801 on NMDA receptor currents in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones. (nih.gov)
- We have characterized the voltage- and use-dependent blockade of the currents by three dissociative anaesthetics: ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801 in mouse hippocampal neurones grown in dissociated tissue culture. (nih.gov)
- The behavioral syndrome produced by phencyclidine (PCP) and its analog ketamine represents a pharmacological model for some aspects of schizophrenia. (jneurosci.org)
- After IM administration, phencyclidine, ketamine, and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or 'ecstasy') each produced dose-related decreases in overall response rate in both schedule components, though ketamine and MDMA were less potent (on a mg/kg basis) than phencyclidine. (erowid.org)
- Ketamine was similar to phencyclidine in producing dose-related increases in percent errors in both schedule components, but the maximal error-increasing effect was considerably smaller with ketamine. (erowid.org)
- Unlike phencyclidine and ketamine, MDMA had no effect on accuracy in either acquisition or performance. (erowid.org)
- Olmedo R.E. Olmedo, Ruben E. Phencyclidine and Ketamine. (mhmedical.com)
- 1959) reported that patients under anaesthesia due to either ketamine or phencyclidine were prone to purposeless movements and had hallucinations (or "dreams") during and after anaesthesia. (wikipedia.org)
Schizophrenia12
- Positive association of Phencyclidine-responsive genes, PDE4A and PLAT, with schizophrenia. (biomedsearch.com)
- Exploring metabolic pathway disruption in the subchronic phencyclidine model of schizophrenia with the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Here we apply this algorithm to a new set of metabolomic data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a translational model relevant to schizophrenia, rats treated subchronically with the N-methyl-D-Aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Javitt DC, Zukin SR (1991) Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. (springer.com)
- Although animal models based on amphetamine (AMPH) or phencyclidine (PCP) treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia, there are conflicting reports regarding their validity in modeling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. (unl.edu)
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, on object recognition memory and hippocampal oxidative stress in a phencyclidine (PCP) rat model of schizophrenia. (ovid.com)
- Deficits in PPI, an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, are observed in schizophrenia patients and can be modeled in rats by the psychotogen phencyclidine (PCP). (aspetjournals.org)
- Dysfunction of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors is implicated in deficits found in schizophrenia, and some of these deficits may be reproduced in rodents using the NMDA receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP). (bl.uk)
- Astrocytes were cultured , the cells were incubated and phencyclidine (PCP) , a known chemical inducer of psychosis associated with schizophrenia , was added to the growing media . (ccsu.edu)
- Administration of the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) to rodents is widely used as preclinical model for schizophrenia. (eur.nl)
- In order to get further insights into the pathophysiology and the possible pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, behavioral and biochemical effets of schizophrenominetic drugs, phencyclidine (PCP) and methamphetamine (MAP), have been investigated in the rat. (nii.ac.jp)
- The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP) is a psychotomimetic drug which produces schizophrenia-like psychosis. (elsevier.com)
NMDA3
- Phencyclidine works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist, which blocks the activity of the NMDA Receptor. (drugbank.ca)
- The psychotomimetic analgesic phencyclidine (PCP), which binds to a high affinity site on the neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-sensitive glutamate receptor, has previously been found to bind to platelets with high affinity and to specifically delay the onset of epinephrine-stimulated platelet aggregation (Jamieson et al. (eurekamag.com)
- Numerous studies have now demonstrated that a binding site for the psychotomimetic drug phencyclidine (PCP) exists within the receptor channel complex for the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate, specifically the glutamate receptor selectively activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). (aspetjournals.org)
Rats8
- In addition, rats previously subchronically-treated with phencyclidine were impaired on performance of a spatial working memory task in a delay-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
- These biochemical and behavioral data show that repeated phencyclidine administration induces prefrontal cortical cognitive deficits in rats, as in humans, and offer a biochemical perspective of the neural substrate underlying this cognitive impairment: inhibition of mesocortical dopamine neurons. (nih.gov)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) administration in rats acutely in high doses or chronically in lower doses causes neurotoxicity characterized by neuronal vacuolization and apoptotic neuronal death, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
- The pharmacokinetics of three phencyclidine analogs--phenylcyclohexyl-diethylamine (PCDE), phenylcyclohexylethylamine (PCE), and phenylcyclohexylamine (PCA)--were determined in rats after intravenous administration of each drug. (aspetjournals.org)
- Methods]: We examined the effect of phencyclidine (PCP) on neuronal activity of the mediodorsal (MD) and centromedial (CM) thalamic nuclei, reciprocally connected with the PFC, using extracellular recordings (n = 50 neurons from 35 Wistar rats) and c-fos expression. (csic.es)
- A simple procedure for assessing ataxia in rats: effects of phencyclidine. (semanticscholar.org)
- article{Melnick2002ASP, title={A simple procedure for assessing ataxia in rats: effects of phencyclidine. (semanticscholar.org)
- Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection of either saline or one of three doses (1, 5 or 10 mg/kg) of phencyclidine (PCP) 15 min prior to being placed into an empty standard operant conditioning chamber (all manipulanda were removed). (semanticscholar.org)
Hallucinogen4
- Phencyclidine (PCP), which is also known as "angel dust," is a powerful hallucinogen drug known for eliciting euphoria and the perception of possessing superhuman strength. (recovery.org)
- Phencyclidine, commonly known as PCP , is an hallucinogen drug which interacts with dopamine, cholinergic and adrenergic systems. (rapidtest.com)
- Phencyclidine, also known as PCP or Angel Dust, is a hallucinogen that was first marketed as a surgical anesthetic in the 1950s. (medicalproductguide.com)
- PCP, also known as phencyclidine, is a very strong hallucinogen with dissociative properties that affects the senses and the perception of reality. (quebec.ca)
Psychotomimetic2
- Conclusions]: Phencyclidine likely exerts its psychotomimetic action by increasing excitatory neurotransmission in thalamo-cortico-thalamic networks involving, among others, PFC, retrosplenial, and somatosensory cortices. (csic.es)
- The psychotomimetic drug phencyclidine labels two high affinity binding sites in guinea pig brain: evidence for N-methyl-D-aspartate-coupled and dopamine reuptake carrier-associated phencyclidine binding sites. (aspetjournals.org)
Urine4
- Phencyclidine and monohydroxy metabolites were measured in human urine using gas chromatography-mass fragmentography with methane chemical ionization. (elsevier.com)
- Urine samples from five human subjects enrolled in a methadone maintenance program who had ingested phencyclidine were analyzed. (elsevier.com)
- Cone, EJ, Buchwald, W & Yousefnejad, D 1981, ' Simultaneous determination of phencyclidine and monohydroxylated metabolites in urine of man by gas chromatography-mass fragmentography with methane chemical ionization ', Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications , vol. 223, no. 2, pp. 331-339. (elsevier.com)
- For general screening, Phencyclidine, Urine Screen with Reflex to Quantitation ( 2012265 ) is preferred. (aruplab.com)
Hydrochloride2
- 1. phencyclidine hydrochloride (n. (synonym.com)
- Phencyclidine hydrochloride abuse has become increasingly common and should be considered in patients with unexplained acute psychosis, dystonic reactions, status epilepticus, or coma. (elsevier.com)
Neurochemical and behavioral effects3
- Importantly, these dopaminergic and cognitive deficits were observed after withdrawal from phencyclidine, and as such, the neurochemical and behavioral effects were due to drug-induced neurobiological changes rather than direct drug effects. (nih.gov)
- A series of experiments were conducted in order to characterize the role of nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) in the neurochemical and behavioral effects of phencyclidine (PCP). (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - The role of nucleus accumbens dopamine in the neurochemical and behavioral effects of phencyclidine: a microdialysis and behavioral study. (unboundmedicine.com)
Psychosis1
- Allen RM, Young SJ (1978) Phencyclidine-induced psychosis. (springer.com)
Substances1
- Phencyclidine or PCP is a synthetic hallucinogenic or dissociative drug that is considered one of the most dangerous illicit substances in the current list of drugs of abuse. (confirmbiosciences.com)
Subchronic phencyclidine1
- In the presently described series of experiments, the neurochemical and cognitive consequences of subchronic phencyclidine administration in the rat were explored. (nih.gov)
Drugs5
- The results indicate that MDMA disrupts complex operant behavior to a lesser extent than phencyclidine-type drugs. (erowid.org)
- Not to be a Negative Nancy, but even if you're not into heavy drugs like PCP, you still might want to educate yourself when it comes to drugs that contain Phencyclidine (PCP) and may cause false positive on a drug test . (insidermonkey.com)
- Now, originally, on top of potentially causing false positives on drug tests, I was also hoping to present drugs that contain Phencyclidine (PCP) and may cause false positive on a drug test but quickly found that medications have not been laced with PCP for a number of years. (insidermonkey.com)
- With that said, obviously, no over-the-counter or prescription drugs are going to contain any traces of phencyclidine. (insidermonkey.com)
- So, exposing any drugs that contain any amount of phencyclidine in them is out of the question. (insidermonkey.com)
Anesthetic5
- Phencyclidine (PCP) was originally developed for use as a general anesthetic for surgery under the trade name Sernyl in the 1950s. (medscape.com)
- When it was first introduced in 1960, phencyclidine was being marketed as an anesthetic. (insidermonkey.com)
- PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in the 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic. (cocaineaddiction.com)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) was discovered in 1926 but was not developed as a general anesthetic until the 1950s. (mhmedical.com)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative drug originally made for surgical anesthetic only to later be discontinued due to serious side-effects. (healthcare-manager.com)
Amphetamine4
- Effects of repeated treatment with amphetamine or phencyclidine on working memory in the rat. (nih.gov)
- We examined the long-term effects of repeated treatment with phencyclidine (PCP) or amphetamine on working memory, using a discrete, paired-trials, delayed-alternation task sensitive to the acute effects of PCP and amphetamine, and to the integrity of the prefrontal cortex. (nih.gov)
- Differential effects of acute amphetamine and phencyclidine treatment" by Ming Li, Wei He et al. (unl.edu)
- d-Amphetamine and phencyclidine (PCP) have both been reported to produce manic-like sequela in humans, effects that are reportedly antagonized by lithium. (northwestern.edu)
Dissociative drug1
- Phencyclidine, also known as PCP or angel dust, is a recreational dissociative drug. (usamdt.com)
Commonly2
- Phencyclidine drug test is commonly used, its effects start in 1-5 minutes, the high lasts 4-6 hrs, its presence can be detected for months. (passadrugtestingforall.com)
- Phencyclidine is most commonly administered by inhalation but can be used intravenously, intra-nasally, and orally. (medicalproductguide.com)
Effects4
- Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known as angel dust among other names, is a drug used for its mind-altering effects. (wikipedia.org)
- The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Phencyclidine is combined with 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine. (drugbank.ca)
- The effects of phencyclidine depend on the dosage, personality of the user, his expectations and experience with the drug. (confirmbiosciences.com)
- Mechanistic analysis of the inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B6 by phencyclidine: effects on substrate binding, electron transfer, and uncoupling. (semanticscholar.org)
Induces3
- Phencyclidine, or PCP, also known as "angel dust," is an illegal psychedelic drug that induces hallucinations and produces a feeling of detachment from oneself and one's surroundings. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Repeated ingestion of phencyclidine by humans induces enduring schizophrenic symptomatology, particularly cognitive dysfunction. (nih.gov)
- Noda Y, Kamei H, Mamiya T, Furukawa H, Nabeshima T (2000) Repeated phencyclidine treatment induces negative symptom-like behavior in forced swimming test in mice: imbalance of prefrontal serotonergic and dopaminergic functions. (springer.com)
Hallucinogenic drug1
- Phencyclidine (PCP) is a hallucinogenic drug that can mimic several aspects of the schizophrenic symptomatology in healthy volunteers. (lumenlearning.com)
Impairment3
- Phencyclidine use disorder is the continued use of phencyclidine despite clinically significant distress or impairment. (mentalhealth.com)
- Enomoto T, Noda Y, Mouri A, Shin EJ, Wang D, Murai R, Hotta K, Furukawa H et al (2005) Long-lasting impairment of associative learning is correlated with a dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate-extracellular signaling-regulated kinase signaling in mice after withdrawal from repeated administration of phencyclidine. (springer.com)
- The misuse of phencyclidine with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning. (childrensmercy.org)
Dopamine1
- Repeated phencyclidine exposure led to a selective reduction in basal and stress-evoked dopamine utilization in the prefrontal cortex. (nih.gov)
Receptor1
- Inhibition activity against binding of phencyclidine receptor was determined by the displacement of [3H]-TCP of whole rat brain minus cerebellum. (nih.gov)
MDMA1
- Phencyclidine has been sold disguised as methamphetamine , THC , mescaline, LSD, MDMA and even formaldehyde. (confirmbiosciences.com)
Behaviors1
- Among GPx isozymes, selenium-dependent GPx (GPx-1) is recognized as a major type, and therefore, this study investigates the role of the GPx-1 gene in abnormal behaviors induced by repeated phencyclidine (PCP) treatment using GPx-1 knockout (KO) and overexpressing transgenic (GPx-1 TG) mice. (springer.com)
Cognitive2
- Reelin has a preventive effect on phencyclidine-induced cognitive and sensory-motor gating deficits. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We previously reported the finding that prior transplantation of GABAergic neuron precursor cells into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice significantly prevented the induction of cognitive and sensory-motor gating deficits induced by phencyclidine (PCP). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Piperidine1
- Phencyclidine ( 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine or PCP), in its pure form is a white crystalline powder. (mydrugtest.ca)
Behaviour1
- Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as angel dust, is the most dangerous of all hallucinogens due to its effect on behaviour. (hindawi.com)
Pathways1
- Selective pathways for the metabolism of phencyclidine by cytochrome p450 2b enzymes: identification of electrophilic metabolites, glutathione, and N-acetyl cysteine adducts. (semanticscholar.org)
Immunoassay1
- Some labratories screen for phencyclidine by immunoassay and confirms by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). (healthy.net)
Drug13
- Phencyclidine, or PCP , is an illegal street drug. (medlineplus.gov)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) is an illegal street drug that usually comes as a white powder, which can be dissolved in alcohol or water. (medlineplus.gov)
- In the 1960s, people began illegally manufacturing phencyclidine in laboratories, and, by the late 1970s, it became a popular street drug. (medscape.com)
- Repeated use of phencyclidine that typically includes a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, and increased tolerance. (mentalhealth.com)
- Phencyclidine (PCP, Angel Dust) is a cheap and popular drug often concentrated in selected socioeconomic groups. (healthy.net)
- Phencyclidine (PCP) users sometimes report lack of recall of events occurring while they are under the influence of the drug. (nih.gov)
- Phencyclidine can be sold as a crystalline powder, paste, liquid, or a drug soaked paper. (lumenlearning.com)
- Phencyclidine is a synthetic drug classed under the diverse group of hallucinogens. (confirmbiosciences.com)
- The cutoff level for this PCP Drug Test is 25 ng/ml of phencyclidine. (rapidtest.com)
- Supergrass, superweed, whacko tobacco, and killer joints refer to PCP combined with marijuana.Phencyclidine is a mind-altering drug that may lead to hallucinations. (flymedishop.com)
- Phencyclidine, PCP, Angel Dust detected as a part of standard drug screening. (passadrugtestingforall.com)
- Phencyclidine, widely abbreviated as PCP, and known by street names such as "angel dust," "goon," and dozens of others, is a deeply disturbing drug, dangerous both in acute and chronic use. (ovid.com)
- Phencyclidine (PCP or angel dust) is available as a street drug. (wikipedia.org)
Poisoning2
- Phencyclidine Poisoning is a topic covered in the 5-Minute Emergency Consult . (unboundmedicine.com)
- Emergency Central , emergency.unboundmedicine.com/emergency/view/5-Minute_Emergency_Consult/307206/all/Phencyclidine_Poisoning. (unboundmedicine.com)
Angel2
- What is phencyclidine (PCP), or angel dust? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Phencyclidine (PCP, "angel dust") is an infamous hallucinogenic sought for its ability to induce the illusion of euphoria, omnipotence, superhuman strength, and social and sexual prowess. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Substance3
- stop using phencyclidine in order to prevent wasting so much time using this substance, or recovering from its use. (mentalhealth.com)
- stop using phencyclidine in order to decrease craving for this substance. (mentalhealth.com)
- stop using phencyclidine because tolerance to this substance is developing. (mentalhealth.com)
Balster1
- 3] Gorelick, D.A. and Balster, R.L., 'Phencyclidine (PCP)', in F.E. Bloom & R.L. Kupfer (Eds. (apaic.net)
20011
- Noda A, Noda Y, Kamei H, Ichihara K, Mamiya T, Nagai T, Sugiura S, Furukawa H et al (2001) Phencyclidine impairs latent learning in mice: interaction between glutamatergic systems and sigma(1) receptors. (springer.com)
Intravenous1
- Results]: Phencyclidine (.25 mg/kg intravenous [IV]) markedly disorganized the activity of MD/CM neurons, increasing (424%) and decreasing (41%) the activity of 57% and 20% of the recorded neurons, respectively (23% remained unaffected). (csic.es)
Marijuana3
- A 25-year-old man with the past medical history of marijuana use presented to ED with involuntary upward deviation of eye 1 day after using phencyclidine (PCP) for the first time. (hindawi.com)
- Fry is a street term for marijuana or tobacco cigarettes that are dipped in PCP (phencyclidine) and/or embalming fluid, and then dried. (scribd.com)
- 1 However, phencyclidine continues to be found in PCP-laced marijuana cigarettes ("whacko tobacco"), and has been detected in up to 24% of street marijuana samples. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)