Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.
The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.
A funnel-shaped fibromuscular tube that conducts food to the ESOPHAGUS, and air to the LARYNX and LUNGS. It is located posterior to the NASAL CAVITY; ORAL CAVITY; and LARYNX, and extends from the SKULL BASE to the inferior border of the CRICOID CARTILAGE anteriorly and to the inferior border of the C6 vertebra posteriorly. It is divided into the NASOPHARYNX; OROPHARYNX; and HYPOPHARYNX (laryngopharynx).
Pathological processes involving the PHARYNX.
A region, of SOMITE development period, that contains a number of paired arches, each with a mesodermal core lined by ectoderm and endoderm on the two sides. In lower aquatic vertebrates, branchial arches develop into GILLS. In higher vertebrates, the arches forms outpouchings and develop into structures of the head and neck. Separating the arches are the branchial clefts or grooves.
The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.
A mobile U-shaped bone that lies in the anterior part of the neck at the level of the third CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. The hyoid bone is suspended from the processes of the TEMPORAL BONES by ligaments, and is firmly bound to the THYROID CARTILAGE by muscles.
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
A movable fold suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate. The uvula hangs from the middle of the lower border.
Contraction of the muscle of the PHARYNX caused by stimulation of sensory receptors on the SOFT PALATE, by psychic stimuli, or systemically by drugs.
Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.
A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.
The middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the SOFT PALATE, and superior to the base of the tongue and EPIGLOTTIS. It has a digestive function as food passes from the mouth into the oropharynx before entering ESOPHAGUS.
The bottom portion of the pharynx situated below the OROPHARYNX and posterior to the LARYNX. The hypopharynx communicates with the larynx through the laryngeal inlet, and is also called laryngopharynx.
The structure at the pharyngoesophageal junction consisting chiefly of the CRICOPHARYNGEUS MUSCLE. It normally occludes the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS, except during SWALLOWING.
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.
Bony structure of the mouth that holds the teeth. It consists of the MANDIBLE and the MAXILLA.
The two longitudinal ridges along the PRIMITIVE STREAK appearing near the end of GASTRULATION during development of nervous system (NEURULATION). The ridges are formed by folding of NEURAL PLATE. Between the ridges is a neural groove which deepens as the fold become elevated. When the folds meet at midline, the groove becomes a closed tube, the NEURAL TUBE.
A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.
Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.
The inner of the three germ layers of an embryo.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.
Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).
Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.
A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.
A DIVERTICULUM at the upper end of the ESOPHAGUS through the cricopharyngeal muscle at the junction of the PHARYNX and the esophagus.
Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.
An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. They are used in embryological studies and to study the effects of certain chemicals on development.
An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Proteins obtained from the ZEBRAFISH. Many of the proteins in this species have been the subject of studies involving basic embryological development (EMBRYOLOGY).
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.
A thin leaf-shaped cartilage that is covered with LARYNGEAL MUCOSA and situated posterior to the root of the tongue and HYOID BONE. During swallowing, the epiglottis folds back over the larynx inlet thus prevents foods from entering the airway.
A fibroblast growth factor that preferentially activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 4. It was initially identified as an androgen-induced growth factor and plays a role in regulating growth of human BREAST NEOPLASMS and PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS.
Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.
Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Time trends in the mortality rates for tobacco- and alcohol-related cancers within the oral cavity and pharynx in Japan, 1950-94. (1/358)

Mortality data of oral cancer over 40 years in Japan were analyzed to investigate time trends of the disease site-specifically and discuss the relation between these trends and the changing patterns of consumption of tobacco and alcohol beverages. Mortality rates were adjusted to the world standard population. In the males, overall oral cancer (ICD-9: 141-149) mortality rates have increased consistently from the lowest value of 1.25 (per 100,000 per year) in 1956 to 2.40 in 1992. The rates for females were constantly lower than those for males, and formed a modest peak of 0.96 in 1979. Regarding site-specific mortality rates, tongue cancer (141) presented a decreasing trend, while oro/hypopharyngeal (146, 148) and mouth (143-145) cancers showed increasing patterns, particularly in males. When the changing patterns of male truncated rates for ages 35-64 were compared with those of the annual consumption of cigarette and alcohol per capita, the time trend of oro/hypopharyngeal cancer mortality was analogous to cigarette consumption rather than to alcohol consumption, mouth cancer vice versa, and tongue cancer was not related to tobacco or alcohol consumption. The present findings suggest that tobacco and alcohol have different site-specific effects on the development of cancers within the oral cavity and pharynx.  (+info)

Food groups, oils and butter, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. (2/358)

To elucidate the role of dietary habits, a study was carried out in 1992-1997 in the province of Pordenone in Northeastern Italy, and those of Rome and Latina in central Italy. Cases were 512 men and 86 women with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (lip, salivary glands and nasopharynx excluded) and controls were 1008 men and 483 women who had been admitted to local hospitals for a broad range of acute non-neoplastic conditions. The validated dietary section of the questionnaire included 78 foods or recipes and ten questions on fat intake patterns. After allowance for education, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake, significant trends of increasing risk with increasing intake emerged for soups, eggs, processed meats, cakes and desserts, and butter. Risk was approximately halved in the highest compared to the lowest intake quintile for coffee and tea, white bread, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables, citrus fruit, and olive oil. The inverse association with oils, especially olive oil, was only slightly attenuated by allowance for vegetable intake. Thus, frequent consumption of vegetables, citrus fruit, fish and vegetable oils were the major features of a low-risk diet for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.  (+info)

Determinants of paclitaxel penetration and accumulation in human solid tumor. (3/358)

The present study examined the determinants of the penetration and accumulation of [(3)H]paclitaxel (12-12,000 nM) in three-dimensional histocultures of patient tumors and of a human xenograft tumor in mice. The results showed 1) significant and saturable drug accumulation in tumors, 2) extensive drug retention in tumors, and 3) a slower penetration but a more extensive accumulation in the xenograft tumor compared with patient tumors. Drug penetration was not rate-limited by drug diffusion from medium through the matrix supporting the histocultures. The difference in the expression of the mdr1 P-glycoprotein did not fully account for the difference in the drug accumulation in xenograft and patient tumors. Autoradiography and imaging were used to evaluate the spatial relationship between tumor architecture, tumor cell distribution, and drug distribution as a function of time and initial drug concentration in culture medium. The tumor cell density and the kinetics of drug-induced apoptosis were also evaluated. The results indicate that a high tumor cell density is a barrier to paclitaxel penetration and that the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel enhances its penetration in solid tumor. These factors are responsible for the time- and concentration-dependent drug penetration rate, with drug penetration confined to the periphery until apoptosis and reduction of epithelial cell density occurred at 24 h, after which time paclitaxel penetrated the inner parts of the tumor.  (+info)

First year after head and neck cancer: quality of life. (4/358)

PURPOSE: Treatment regimens for head and neck cancer patients profoundly affect several quality-of-life domains. Rehabilitative needs have been identified through cross-sectional analyses; however, few studies have prospectively assessed quality of life, included assessment of psychosocial variables, and identified predictors of long-term follow-up. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The present study addresses these limitations through a prospective assessment of 105 patients with a newly diagnosed first primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx. Participants were enrolled onto a larger randomized controlled trial comparing a provider-delivered smoking cessation intervention with a usual-care-advice control condition. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures after diagnosis and before treatment and additional quality-of-life instruments at 1 and 12 months after initial smoking cessation advice. RESULTS: Participants displayed improvements at 12 months in functional status (P = .006) and in the areas of eating, diet, and speech; however, the latter three represent areas of continued dysfunction, and the changes were not statistically significant. Despite these improvements, patients reported a decline in certain quality-of-life domains, including marital (P = .002) and sexual functioning (P = .017), as well as an increase in alcohol use (P < .001). Predictors of quality of life at 12 months included treatment type, the Vigor subscale of the Profile of Mood States instrument, and quality-of-life scores obtained 1 month after initial smoking cessation advice. CONCLUSION: Results reinforce the need for rehabilitation management through the integration of psychologic and behavioral interventions in medical follow-up.  (+info)

Cemento-ossifying fibroma presenting as a mass of the parapharyngeal and masticator space. (5/358)

We report a case of cemento-ossifying fibroma that presented as a large extraosseous mass in the masticator and parapharyngeal space. CT scanning and MR imaging showed a large extraosseous mass with central conglomerated, well-matured ossified nodules and fatty marrow. The central matured ossified nodules were of low density on CT scans and high signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR images. Multiplanar reformatted CT scans revealed the origin of the mass to be at the extraction site of the right lower second molar tooth.  (+info)

Human leukocyte antigen class I expression on squamous cell carcinoma cells regulates natural killer cell activity. (6/358)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on hematopoietic cancers and melanomas inhibit attack by natural killer lymphocytes, but previous studies have not consistently demonstrated that carcinoma cells are protected by HLA class I expression. We investigated whether HLA class I molecules protect oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells from natural killer lymphocyte attack. Squamous cell carcinoma cell lines expressed varying levels of HLA class I, which correlated inversely with cytolysis by natural killer-enriched polyclonal lymphocytes. Cytolysis was increased by the presence of anti-HLA class I blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb). Subclones of the NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cell line were derived by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and limiting dilution cloning. NK-92 subclones expressed distinct sets of HLA class I-specific receptors. Some NK-92 subclones differentially lysed hematopoietic cells and squamous cell carcinoma cells, even in the presence of anti-HLA class I blocking mAb. This suggests that natural killer cells recognize different non-HLA ligands on hematopoietic and squamous cell carcinoma cells. In the presence of anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody, other NK-92 subclones increased cytolysis of squamous cell carcinoma cells with moderate-to-high HLA class I levels. Anti-HLA class I mAb also increased natural killer cell attack of squamous cell carcinoma cells that were adherent to plastic. These data suggest that natural killer cell recognition of squamous cell carcinoma cells depends upon the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory ligands.  (+info)

Interaction between tobacco and alcohol consumption and the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract in Brazil. (7/358)

The authors investigated the joint effects of tobacco and alcohol consumption on the risk of squamous cell carcinomas of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) using data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in southern Brazil, 1986-1989. A total of 784 cases of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx and 1,578 non-cancer controls matched on age, sex, hospital catchment area, and period of admission were interviewed about their smoking and drinking habits and other characteristics. Using logistic regression, evidence was found for interaction between the cumulative exposures for smoking and alcohol on UADT cancer risk. The joint effects for pharyngeal cancers exceeded the levels expected under a multiplicative model for moderate smokers (p = 0.007). There was little statistical evidence, however, for interaction on cancers of the mouth (p = 0.28) or larynx (p = 0.95). Among never smokers, heavy drinkers had 9.2 times (95% confidence interval 1.7, 48.5) greater risk of cancers of mouth, pharynx, and supraglottis than never drinkers, with a dose-response trend (p = 0.013) with cumulative consumption. The authors conclude that the interaction occurring in the pharynx between smoking and alcohol on UADT cancers is not uniform, with varying effects depending on the level of smoking exposure. Alcohol may act as both a promoter for tobacco and as an independent risk factor.  (+info)

Risk factors for oral and pharyngeal cancer in women: a study from Italy and Switzerland. (8/358)

We analysed two case-control studies of women from Italy and Switzerland, including 195 cases of oral and pharyngeal cancers and 1113 controls. The multivariate odds ratio was 4.6 for heavy smokers and 2.7 for high alcohol intake. Vegetables, fruit, beta-carotene and wholegrain foods were inversely, butter and retinol directly, related to risk.  (+info)

Pharyngeal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the pharynx, which is the part of the throat that lies behind the nasal cavity and mouth, and above the esophagus and larynx. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Pharyngeal neoplasms can occur in any part of the pharynx, which is divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx. The most common type of pharyngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the flat cells that line the mucosal surface of the pharynx.

Risk factors for developing pharyngeal neoplasms include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, ear pain, neck masses, and changes in voice or speech. Treatment options depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the neoplasm, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

The pharyngeal muscles, also known as the musculature of the pharynx, are a group of skeletal muscles that make up the walls of the pharynx, which is the part of the throat located just above the esophagus and behind the nasal and oral cavities. These muscles play a crucial role in several vital functions, including:

1. Swallowing (deglutition): The pharyngeal muscles contract in a coordinated sequence to propel food or liquids from the mouth through the pharynx and into the esophagus during swallowing.
2. Speech: The contraction and relaxation of these muscles help shape the sounds produced by the vocal cords, contributing to the production of speech.
3. Respiration: The pharyngeal muscles assist in maintaining an open airway during breathing, especially during sleep and when the upper airways are obstructed.

The pharyngeal muscles consist of three layers: the outer circular muscle layer, the middle longitudinal muscle layer, and the inner inferior constrictor muscle layer. The specific muscles that make up these layers include:

1. Superior constrictor muscle (outer circular layer)
2. Middle constrictor muscle (middle longitudinal layer)
3. Inferior constrictor muscle (inner inferior constrictor layer)
4. Stylopharyngeus muscle
5. Salpingopharyngeus muscle
6. Palatopharyngeus muscle
7. Buccinator muscle (partially contributes to the middle longitudinal layer)

These muscles work together to perform their various functions, and any dysfunction in these muscles can lead to problems like swallowing difficulties (dysphagia), speech impairments, or respiratory issues.

The pharynx is a part of the digestive and respiratory systems that serves as a conduit for food and air. It is a musculo-membranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

The pharynx has three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The nasopharynx is the uppermost region, which lies above the soft palate and is connected to the nasal cavity. The oropharynx is the middle region, which includes the area between the soft palate and the hyoid bone, including the tonsils and base of the tongue. The laryngopharynx is the lowest region, which lies below the hyoid bone and connects to the larynx.

The primary function of the pharynx is to convey food from the oral cavity to the esophagus during swallowing and to allow air to pass from the nasal cavity to the larynx during breathing. It also plays a role in speech, taste, and immune defense.

Pharyngeal diseases refer to conditions that affect the pharynx, which is the part of the throat that lies behind the nasal cavity and mouth, and above the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx plays a crucial role in swallowing, speaking, and breathing. Pharyngeal diseases can cause symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, pain during swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, and earaches.

Some common pharyngeal diseases include:

1. Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
2. Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the tonsils, which are two masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the back of the throat.
3. Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the lungs.
4. Abscesses: A collection of pus in the pharynx caused by a bacterial infection.
5. Cancer: Malignant tumors that can develop in the pharynx, often caused by smoking or heavy alcohol use.
6. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing due to nerve damage, muscle weakness, or structural abnormalities in the pharynx.
7. Stridor: Noisy breathing caused by a narrowed or obstructed airway in the pharynx.

Treatment for pharyngeal diseases depends on the underlying cause and may include antibiotics, pain relievers, surgery, or radiation therapy.

The branchial region, also known as the pharyngeal region or viscerocranium, is a term used in human anatomy to refer to the area of the developing embryo that gives rise to structures derived from the branchial (or pharyngeal) arches. The branchial arches are a series of paired, rod-like structures that appear early in embryonic development and give rise to various head and neck structures, including the bones and muscles of the face, jaws, and neck, as well as the associated nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues.

The branchial region is divided into several subregions, each corresponding to a specific branchial arch. The first branchial arch gives rise to structures such as the mandible (lower jaw), maxilla (upper jaw), and muscles of mastication (chewing). The second branchial arch forms the stapes and styloid process in the ear, as well as some neck muscles. The third and fourth branchial arches contribute to the formation of the larynx, thyroid cartilage, and other structures in the neck.

Abnormalities in the development of the branchial region can lead to a variety of congenital defects, such as cleft palate, micrognathia (small jaw), and branchial cysts or sinuses. These conditions may require surgical intervention to correct.

Deglutition is the medical term for swallowing. It refers to the process by which food or liquid is transferred from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated muscle movements and neural responses. The deglutition process involves several stages, including oral preparatory, oral transit, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases, each of which plays a critical role in ensuring safe and efficient swallowing.

Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty with swallowing, which can result from various underlying conditions such as neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, or muscular weakness. Proper evaluation and management of deglutition disorders are essential to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration.

The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck, superior to the thyroid cartilage. It does not articulate with any other bones and serves as an attachment point for various muscles, including those involved in swallowing, breathing, and speaking. The unique structure of the hyoid bone allows it to support the tongue and contribute to the stability of the airway.

Pancreatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the pancreas that can be benign or malignant. The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that produces hormones and digestive enzymes. Pancreatic neoplasms can interfere with the normal functioning of the pancreas, leading to various health complications.

Benign pancreatic neoplasms are non-cancerous growths that do not spread to other parts of the body. They are usually removed through surgery to prevent any potential complications, such as blocking the bile duct or causing pain.

Malignant pancreatic neoplasms, also known as pancreatic cancer, are cancerous growths that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or bones. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and difficult to treat, with a poor prognosis.

There are several types of pancreatic neoplasms, including adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, and cystic neoplasms. The specific type of neoplasm is determined through various diagnostic tests, such as imaging studies, biopsies, and blood tests. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences.

Neoplasms are abnormal growths of cells or tissues in the body that serve no physiological function. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms are aggressive, invasive, and can metastasize to distant sites.

Neoplasms occur when there is a dysregulation in the normal process of cell division and differentiation, leading to uncontrolled growth and accumulation of cells. This can result from genetic mutations or other factors such as viral infections, environmental exposures, or hormonal imbalances.

Neoplasms can develop in any organ or tissue of the body and can cause various symptoms depending on their size, location, and type. Treatment options for neoplasms include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, among others.

The soft palate, also known as the velum, is the rear portion of the roof of the mouth that is made up of muscle and mucous membrane. It extends from the hard palate (the bony front part of the roof of the mouth) to the uvula, which is the small piece of tissue that hangs down at the back of the throat.

The soft palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing. During swallowing, it moves upward and backward to block off the nasal cavity, preventing food and liquids from entering the nose. In speech, it helps to direct the flow of air from the mouth into the nose, which is necessary for producing certain sounds.

Anatomically, the soft palate consists of several muscles that allow it to change shape and move. These muscles include the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus. The soft palate also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and nerves that provide sensation and help regulate its function.

"Gagging" is a reflexive response to an irritation or stimulation of the back of the throat, which involves involuntary contraction of the muscles at the back of the throat and sometimes accompanied by vomiting. It is a protective mechanism to prevent foreign objects from entering the lungs during swallowing. In a medical context, gagging may also refer to the use of a device or maneuver to temporarily block the upper airway as part of certain medical procedures.

Neoplasms: Neoplasms refer to abnormal growths of tissue that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They occur when the normal control mechanisms that regulate cell growth and division are disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.

Cystic Neoplasms: Cystic neoplasms are tumors that contain fluid-filled sacs or cysts. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in various organs of the body, including the pancreas, ovary, and liver.

Mucinous Neoplasms: Mucinous neoplasms are a type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of mucin, a gel-like substance produced by certain types of cells. These tumors can occur in various organs, including the ovary, pancreas, and colon. Mucinous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, and malignant forms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

Serous Neoplasms: Serous neoplasms are another type of cystic neoplasm that is characterized by the production of serous fluid, which is a thin, watery fluid. These tumors commonly occur in the ovary and can be benign or malignant. Malignant serous neoplasms are often aggressive and have a poor prognosis.

In summary, neoplasms refer to abnormal tissue growths that can be benign or malignant. Cystic neoplasms contain fluid-filled sacs and can occur in various organs of the body. Mucinous neoplasms produce a gel-like substance called mucin and can also occur in various organs, while serous neoplasms produce thin, watery fluid and commonly occur in the ovary. Both mucinous and serous neoplasms can be benign or malignant, with malignant forms often being aggressive and having a poor prognosis.

In medical terms, the tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity that plays a crucial role in various functions such as taste, swallowing, and speech. It's covered with a mucous membrane and contains papillae, which are tiny projections that contain taste buds to help us perceive different tastes - sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The tongue also assists in the initial process of digestion by moving food around in the mouth for chewing and mixing with saliva. Additionally, it helps in forming words and speaking clearly by shaping the sounds produced in the mouth.

The oropharynx is the part of the throat (pharynx) that is located immediately behind the mouth and includes the back one-third of the tongue, the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, and is also an important area for the immune system due to the presence of tonsils.

The hypopharynx is the lower part of the pharynx, which is the muscular tube that extends from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and trachea. The hypopharynx lies posterior to the larynx and is divided into three regions: the pyriform (or piriform) sinuses, the postcricoid area, and the posterior pharyngeal wall. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, and any abnormalities or diseases in this region can lead to swallowing difficulties, aspiration, and other serious medical conditions.

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a band of muscle fibers located at the upper end of the esophagus, where it meets the throat or pharynx. The UES acts as a physiological barrier between the pharynx and the esophagus, helping to prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the upper airway.

During swallowing, the UES relaxes to allow the passage of food from the mouth into the esophagus, and then contracts again to prevent the backflow of food or stomach acid into the throat. The UES also plays a role in protecting the airway during activities such as coughing, sneezing, or vomiting, by closing to prevent the entry of foreign materials or fluids into the lungs.

Abnormalities in UES function can contribute to various swallowing disorders and respiratory symptoms, such as aspiration, coughing, and choking.

Deglutition disorders, also known as swallowing disorders, are conditions that affect the ability to move food or liquids from the mouth to the stomach safely and efficiently. These disorders can occur at any stage of the swallowing process, which includes oral preparation (chewing and manipulating food in the mouth), pharyngeal phase (activating muscles and structures in the throat to move food toward the esophagus), and esophageal phase (relaxing and contracting the esophagus to propel food into the stomach).

Symptoms of deglutition disorders may include coughing or choking during or after eating, difficulty initiating a swallow, food sticking in the throat or chest, regurgitation, unexplained weight loss, and aspiration (inhaling food or liquids into the lungs), which can lead to pneumonia.

Deglutition disorders can be caused by various factors, such as neurological conditions (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis), structural abnormalities (e.g., narrowing or blockage of the esophagus), muscle weakness or dysfunction, and cognitive or behavioral issues. Treatment for deglutition disorders may involve dietary modifications, swallowing exercises, medications, or surgical interventions, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

A mouth neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth or tumor in the oral cavity, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant mouth neoplasms are also known as oral cancer. They can develop on the lips, gums, tongue, roof and floor of the mouth, inside the cheeks, and in the oropharynx (the middle part of the throat at the back of the mouth).

Mouth neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms may include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, white or red patches, persistent mouth sores, difficulty swallowing or speaking, and numbness in the mouth. Early detection and treatment of mouth neoplasms are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing complications.

In medical terms, the jaw is referred to as the mandible (in humans and some other animals), which is the lower part of the face that holds the lower teeth in place. It's a large, horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw and serves as a attachment point for several muscles that are involved in chewing and moving the lower jaw.

In addition to the mandible, the upper jaw is composed of two bones known as the maxillae, which fuse together at the midline of the face to form the upper jaw. The upper jaw holds the upper teeth in place and forms the roof of the mouth, as well as a portion of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.

Together, the mandible and maxillae allow for various functions such as speaking, eating, and breathing.

The neural crest is a transient, multipotent embryonic cell population that originates from the ectoderm (outermost layer) of the developing neural tube (precursor to the central nervous system). These cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a diverse array of cell types and structures.

Neural crest cells differentiate into various tissues, including:

1. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) components: sensory neurons, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, and glial cells (e.g., Schwann cells).
2. Facial bones and cartilage, as well as connective tissue of the skull.
3. Melanocytes, which are pigment-producing cells in the skin.
4. Smooth muscle cells in major blood vessels, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs.
5. Secretory cells in endocrine glands (e.g., chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla).
6. Parts of the eye, such as the cornea and iris stroma.
7. Dental tissues, including dentin, cementum, and dental pulp.

Due to their wide-ranging contributions to various tissues and organs, neural crest cells play a crucial role in embryonic development and organogenesis. Abnormalities in neural crest cell migration or differentiation can lead to several congenital disorders, such as neurocristopathies.

The larynx, also known as the voice box, is a complex structure in the neck that plays a crucial role in protection of the lower respiratory tract and in phonation. It is composed of cartilaginous, muscular, and soft tissue structures. The primary functions of the larynx include:

1. Airway protection: During swallowing, the larynx moves upward and forward to close the opening of the trachea (the glottis) and prevent food or liquids from entering the lungs. This action is known as the swallowing reflex.
2. Phonation: The vocal cords within the larynx vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound that forms the basis of human speech and voice production.
3. Respiration: The larynx serves as a conduit for airflow between the upper and lower respiratory tracts during breathing.

The larynx is located at the level of the C3-C6 vertebrae in the neck, just above the trachea. It consists of several important structures:

1. Cartilages: The laryngeal cartilages include the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages, as well as the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. These form a framework for the larynx and provide attachment points for various muscles.
2. Vocal cords: The vocal cords are thin bands of mucous membrane that stretch across the glottis (the opening between the arytenoid cartilages). They vibrate when air passes through them, producing sound.
3. Muscles: There are several intrinsic and extrinsic muscles associated with the larynx. The intrinsic muscles control the tension and position of the vocal cords, while the extrinsic muscles adjust the position and movement of the larynx within the neck.
4. Nerves: The larynx is innervated by both sensory and motor nerves. The recurrent laryngeal nerve provides motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles, except for one muscle called the cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Sensory innervation is provided by the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

The larynx plays a crucial role in several essential functions, including breathing, speaking, and protecting the airway during swallowing. Dysfunction or damage to the larynx can result in various symptoms, such as hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, or stridor (a high-pitched sound heard during inspiration).

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

Multiple primary neoplasms refer to the occurrence of more than one primary malignant tumor in an individual, where each tumor is unrelated to the other and originates from separate cells or organs. This differs from metastatic cancer, where a single malignancy spreads to multiple sites in the body. Multiple primary neoplasms can be synchronous (occurring at the same time) or metachronous (occurring at different times). The risk of developing multiple primary neoplasms increases with age and is associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Craniofacial abnormalities refer to a group of birth defects that affect the development of the skull and face. These abnormalities can range from mild to severe and may involve differences in the shape and structure of the head, face, and jaws, as well as issues with the formation of facial features such as the eyes, nose, and mouth.

Craniofacial abnormalities can be caused by genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples of craniofacial abnormalities include cleft lip and palate, craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull bones), and hemifacial microsomia (underdevelopment of one side of the face).

Treatment for craniofacial abnormalities may involve a team of healthcare professionals, including plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, orthodontists, speech therapists, and other specialists. Treatment options may include surgery, bracing, therapy, and other interventions to help improve function and appearance.

Endoderm is the innermost of the three primary germ layers in a developing embryo, along with the ectoderm and mesoderm. The endoderm gives rise to several internal tissues and organs, most notably those found in the digestive system and respiratory system. Specifically, it forms the lining of the gut tube, which eventually becomes the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, lungs, and other associated structures.

During embryonic development, the endoderm arises from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, following a series of cell divisions and migrations that help to establish the basic body plan of the organism. As the embryo grows and develops, the endoderm continues to differentiate into more specialized tissues and structures, playing a critical role in the formation of many essential bodily functions.

Developmental gene expression regulation refers to the processes that control the activation or repression of specific genes during embryonic and fetal development. These regulatory mechanisms ensure that genes are expressed at the right time, in the right cells, and at appropriate levels to guide proper growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of an organism.

Developmental gene expression regulation is a complex and dynamic process involving various molecular players, such as transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, non-coding RNAs, and signaling molecules. These regulators can interact with cis-regulatory elements, like enhancers and promoters, to fine-tune the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression during development.

Dysregulation of developmental gene expression can lead to various congenital disorders and developmental abnormalities. Therefore, understanding the principles and mechanisms governing developmental gene expression regulation is crucial for uncovering the etiology of developmental diseases and devising potential therapeutic strategies.

Kidney neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the kidney tissues that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can originate from various types of kidney cells, including the renal tubules, glomeruli, and the renal pelvis.

Malignant kidney neoplasms are also known as kidney cancers, with renal cell carcinoma being the most common type. Benign kidney neoplasms include renal adenomas, oncocytomas, and angiomyolipomas. While benign neoplasms are generally not life-threatening, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to compromise kidney function or if they undergo malignant transformation.

Early detection and appropriate management of kidney neoplasms are crucial for improving patient outcomes and overall prognosis. Regular medical check-ups, imaging studies, and urinalysis can help in the early identification of these growths, allowing for timely intervention and treatment.

A "second primary neoplasm" is a distinct, new cancer or malignancy that develops in a person who has already had a previous cancer. It is not a recurrence or metastasis of the original tumor, but rather an independent cancer that arises in a different location or organ system. The development of second primary neoplasms can be influenced by various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and previous treatments like chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

It is important to note that the definition of "second primary neoplasm" may vary slightly depending on the specific source or context. In general medical usage, it refers to a new, separate cancer; however, in some research or clinical settings, there might be more precise criteria for defining and diagnosing second primary neoplasms.

Pharyngitis is the medical term for inflammation of the pharynx, which is the back portion of the throat. This condition is often characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and scratchiness in the throat. Pharyngitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections (such as the common cold), bacterial infections (such as strep throat), and irritants (such as smoke or chemical fumes). Treatment for pharyngitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition, but may include medications to relieve symptoms or antibiotics to treat a bacterial infection.

DiGeorge syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of a small piece of chromosome 22. It is also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. The symptoms and severity can vary widely among affected individuals, but often include birth defects such as congenital heart disease, poor immune system function, and palatal abnormalities. Characteristic facial features, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems are also common. Some people with DiGeorge syndrome may have mild symptoms while others may be more severely affected. The condition is typically diagnosed through genetic testing. Treatment is focused on managing the specific symptoms and may include surgery, medications, and therapy.

'Caenorhabditis elegans' is a species of free-living, transparent nematode (roundworm) that is widely used as a model organism in scientific research, particularly in the fields of biology and genetics. It has a simple anatomy, short lifespan, and fully sequenced genome, making it an ideal subject for studying various biological processes and diseases.

Some notable features of C. elegans include:

* Small size: Adult hermaphrodites are about 1 mm in length.
* Short lifespan: The average lifespan of C. elegans is around 2-3 weeks, although some strains can live up to 4 weeks under laboratory conditions.
* Development: C. elegans has a well-characterized developmental process, with adults developing from eggs in just 3 days at 20°C.
* Transparency: The transparent body of C. elegans allows researchers to observe its internal structures and processes easily.
* Genetics: C. elegans has a fully sequenced genome, which contains approximately 20,000 genes. Many of these genes have human homologs, making it an excellent model for studying human diseases.
* Neurobiology: C. elegans has a simple nervous system, with only 302 neurons in the hermaphrodite and 383 in the male. This simplicity makes it an ideal organism for studying neural development, function, and behavior.

Research using C. elegans has contributed significantly to our understanding of various biological processes, including cell division, apoptosis, aging, learning, and memory. Additionally, studies on C. elegans have led to the discovery of many genes associated with human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic conditions.

A Zenker diverticulum is a small, pouch-like structure that forms in the back of the throat (pharynx), specifically in the area called the hypopharynx. It's an acquired condition, which means it develops over time due to increased pressure in the pharyngeal muscles, leading to the formation of the diverticulum. This condition is more common in older adults and can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), regurgitation of undigested food, halitosis (bad breath), and occasionally coughing or choking, especially when lying down. The diagnosis is typically made through a barium swallow X-ray study or an endoscopic examination. Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to remove the diverticulum and relieve symptoms.

Cardiovascular abnormalities refer to structural or functional anomalies in the heart or blood vessels. These abnormalities can be present at birth (congenital) or acquired later in life. They can affect the heart's chambers, valves, walls, or blood vessels, leading to various complications such as heart failure, stroke, or even death if left untreated.

Examples of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities include:

1. Septal defects - holes in the walls separating the heart's chambers (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect)
2. Valvular stenosis or insufficiency - narrowing or leakage of the heart valves
3. Patent ductus arteriosus - a persistent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery
4. Coarctation of the aorta - narrowing of the aorta
5. Tetralogy of Fallot - a combination of four heart defects, including ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy

Examples of acquired cardiovascular abnormalities include:

1. Atherosclerosis - the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to narrowing or blockage
2. Cardiomyopathy - disease of the heart muscle, causing it to become enlarged, thickened, or stiffened
3. Hypertension - high blood pressure, which can damage the heart and blood vessels over time
4. Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - damage to the heart muscle due to blocked blood supply
5. Infective endocarditis - infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves

These abnormalities can be diagnosed through various tests, such as echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), stress testing, cardiac catheterization, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the abnormality and may include medications, medical procedures, or surgery.

A zebrafish is a freshwater fish species belonging to the family Cyprinidae and the genus Danio. Its name is derived from its distinctive striped pattern that resembles a zebra's. Zebrafish are often used as model organisms in scientific research, particularly in developmental biology, genetics, and toxicology studies. They have a high fecundity rate, transparent embryos, and a rapid development process, making them an ideal choice for researchers. However, it is important to note that providing a medical definition for zebrafish may not be entirely accurate or relevant since they are primarily used in biological research rather than clinical medicine.

Adenocarcinoma, mucinous is a type of cancer that begins in the glandular cells that line certain organs and produce mucin, a substance that lubricates and protects tissues. This type of cancer is characterized by the presence of abundant pools of mucin within the tumor. It typically develops in organs such as the colon, rectum, lungs, pancreas, and ovaries.

Mucinous adenocarcinomas tend to have a distinct appearance under the microscope, with large pools of mucin pushing aside the cancer cells. They may also have a different clinical behavior compared to other types of adenocarcinomas, such as being more aggressive or having a worse prognosis in some cases.

It is important to note that while a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, mucinous can be serious, the prognosis and treatment options may vary depending on several factors, including the location of the cancer, the stage at which it was diagnosed, and the individual's overall health.

Zebrafish proteins refer to the diverse range of protein molecules that are produced by the organism Danio rerio, commonly known as the zebrafish. These proteins play crucial roles in various biological processes such as growth, development, reproduction, and response to environmental stimuli. They are involved in cellular functions like enzymatic reactions, signal transduction, structural support, and regulation of gene expression.

Zebrafish is a popular model organism in biomedical research due to its genetic similarity with humans, rapid development, and transparent embryos that allow for easy observation of biological processes. As a result, the study of zebrafish proteins has contributed significantly to our understanding of protein function, structure, and interaction in both zebrafish and human systems.

Some examples of zebrafish proteins include:

* Transcription factors that regulate gene expression during development
* Enzymes involved in metabolic pathways
* Structural proteins that provide support to cells and tissues
* Receptors and signaling molecules that mediate communication between cells
* Heat shock proteins that assist in protein folding and protect against stress

The analysis of zebrafish proteins can be performed using various techniques, including biochemical assays, mass spectrometry, protein crystallography, and computational modeling. These methods help researchers to identify, characterize, and understand the functions of individual proteins and their interactions within complex networks.

Thyroid neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the thyroid gland, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These growths can vary in size and may cause a noticeable lump or nodule in the neck. Thyroid neoplasms can also affect the function of the thyroid gland, leading to hormonal imbalances and related symptoms. The exact causes of thyroid neoplasms are not fully understood, but risk factors include radiation exposure, family history, and certain genetic conditions. It is important to note that most thyroid nodules are benign, but a proper medical evaluation is necessary to determine the nature of the growth and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

The epiglottis is a flap-like structure located at the base of the tongue, near the back of the throat (pharynx). It is made of elastic cartilage and covered with mucous membrane. The primary function of the epiglottis is to protect the trachea (windpipe) from food or liquids entering it during swallowing.

During normal swallowing, the epiglottis closes over the opening of the larynx (voice box), redirecting the food or liquid bolus into the esophagus. In this way, the epiglottis prevents aspiration, which is the entry of foreign materials into the trachea and lungs.

Inflammation or infection of the epiglottis can lead to a serious medical condition called epiglottitis, characterized by swelling, redness, and pain in the epiglottis and surrounding tissues. Epiglottitis can cause difficulty breathing, speaking, and swallowing, and requires immediate medical attention.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF-8) is a growth factor that belongs to the fibroblast growth factor family. It plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including embryonic development, tissue repair, and cancer progression. Specifically, FGF-8 has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival.

During embryonic development, FGF-8 is involved in the formation of the nervous system, limbs, and other organs. It acts as a signaling molecule that helps to establish patterns of gene expression and cell behavior during development. In tissue repair, FGF-8 can stimulate the proliferation and migration of cells involved in wound healing, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

In cancer, FGF-8 has been shown to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and metastasis. It can do this by activating signaling pathways that promote cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Overexpression of FGF-8 has been found in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, and ovarian cancer.

In summary, Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 (FGF-8) is a signaling molecule that plays important roles in embryonic development, tissue repair, and cancer progression by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival.

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) are a group of rare, chronic blood cancers that originate from the abnormal proliferation or growth of one or more types of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow. These disorders result in an overproduction of mature but dysfunctional blood cells, which can lead to serious complications such as blood clots, bleeding, and organ damage.

There are several subtypes of MPDs, including:

1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of mature granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CML is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which drives uncontrolled cell growth and division.
2. Polycythemia Vera (PV): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of all three types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - in the bone marrow. This can lead to an increased risk of blood clots, bleeding, and enlargement of the spleen.
3. Essential Thrombocythemia (ET): A disorder characterized by the overproduction of platelets in the bone marrow, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and bleeding.
4. Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF): A disorder characterized by the replacement of normal bone marrow tissue with scar tissue, leading to impaired blood cell production and anemia, enlargement of the spleen, and increased risk of infections and bleeding.
5. Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia (CNL): A rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of these cells in the blood. CNL can lead to an increased risk of infections and organ damage.

MPDs are typically treated with a combination of therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on several factors, including the subtype of MPD, the patient's age and overall health, and the presence of any comorbidities.

Manometry is a medical test that measures pressure inside various parts of the gastrointestinal tract. It is often used to help diagnose digestive disorders such as achalasia, gastroparesis, and irritable bowel syndrome. During the test, a thin, flexible tube called a manometer is inserted through the mouth or rectum and into the area being tested. The tube is connected to a machine that measures and records pressure readings. These readings can help doctors identify any abnormalities in muscle function or nerve reflexes within the digestive tract.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique used in pathology and laboratory medicine to identify specific proteins or antigens in tissue sections. It combines the principles of immunology and histology to detect the presence and location of these target molecules within cells and tissues. This technique utilizes antibodies that are specific to the protein or antigen of interest, which are then tagged with a detection system such as a chromogen or fluorophore. The stained tissue sections can be examined under a microscope, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the distribution and expression patterns of the target molecule in the context of the tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic pathology to help identify various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and immune-mediated disorders.

... pharyngeal Plague, pneumonic Plague, septicemic Plasmacytoma anaplastic Plasmalogenes synthesis deficiency isolated Plasminogen ... familial Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic islet cell neoplasm Pancreatic islet cell tumors Pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal ... et varioliformis acuta Pityriasis rubra pilaris Piussan-Lenaerts-Mathieu syndrome Placenta disorder Placenta neoplasm Placental ... retardation-hyperkeratosis Parapsoriasis Parasitophobia Parastremmatic dwarfism Parathyroid cancer Parathyroid neoplasm ...
Ludwig's angina may extend into the pharyngeal and cervical spaces, and the swelling can compress the airway and cause dyspnoea ... Pathology arising from the sublingual gland is rare, however, sublingual gland neoplasms are predominantly malignant and thus ...
... paranasal sinus neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.665.650.693.575 - maxillary sinus neoplasms MeSH C04.588.443.665.710 - pharyngeal ... skull base neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.828 - spinal neoplasms MeSH C04.588.180.260 - breast neoplasms, male MeSH C04.588.180.390 ... bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.250.250 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.401 - gallbladder neoplasms ... femoral neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721 - skull neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450 - jaw neoplasms MeSH C04.588.149.721.450.583 ...
The resulting aberrant carotid artery can mimic neoplasm on CT.[citation needed] This article incorporates text in the public ... The inferior tympanic artery is a small branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery which passes through the tympanic canaliculus ...
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of neoplasm that can affect lingual tonsils. Enlarged or hypertrophic lingual tonsils have ... of external carotid artery Tonsillar branch of facial artery Ascending and descending palatine arteries Ascending pharyngeal ...
This damage can occur with a stroke, Bell palsy, or parotid salivary gland cancer (malignant neoplasm) because the facial nerve ... The facial muscles are derived from the second branchial/pharyngeal arch. They, like the branchial arches, originally derive ...
See: "C16 - Malignant neoplasm of the stomach". ICD-10 Version: 2015. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on ... Chainani-Wu N (2002). "Diet and oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer". Nutrition and Cancer. 44 (2): 104-126. doi:10.1207/ ...
Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Mast cell leukemia Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm ... and neck cancer Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Oral cancer Oropharyngeal cancer Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer Pharyngeal ...
The pain from the oral and pharyngeal ulcers interfere with eating, which can compromise nutritional health.[citation needed] ... in association with an underlying neoplasm". A study concluded in 2009, summarized in 2010, surrounded the surgical removal of ...
The rise in pharyngeal cancer incidence contrasts with a marginal decline in other head and neck cancers. As a result, the ... unlike other head and neck primary tumours that may have associated second neoplasms, that may occur at the same time ( ... The external pharyngeal walls consisting of the four constrictor muscles form part of the mechanism of swallowing. The ... The global incidence of pharyngeal cancer in 2013 was estimated at 136,000 cases. For 2008 the Global Burden of Disease for OPC ...
The newly minted procedure was found especially beneficial for patients without prior pharyngeal surgery. To begin a TORS/TORSA ... for Base of Tongue Neoplasms". The Laryngoscope. 116 (8): 1465-1472. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000227184.90514.1a. PMID 16885755. ...
Pleomorphic adenoma is seen to be a common benign neoplasm of the salivary gland and has an overall incidence of 54-68%. The ... from ectodermal lining near angles of the stomodeum in the 1st/2nd pharyngeal arches; the stomodeum itself is created from the ... Pain is more common in patients with parotid cancer (10-29% feel pain) than those with benign neoplasms (only 2.5-4%), but pain ... Steve C Lee, MD, PhD (22 December 2022). "Salivary Gland Neoplasms". Medscape.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: ...
Deep neck infections that develop as a consequence of oral, dental and pharyngeal infections are generally polymicrobial in ... malignant neoplasms intestinal obstruction; decubitus ulcers; dental extraction; sickle cell disease; diabetes mellitus; ...
... which are derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. These hillocks develop into the folds of the auricle and ... premalignant lesions caused by solar damage benign and malignant neoplasm, including tumors, keratoacanthoma, carcinoma Visible ...
The adenoids, also known as the pharyngeal tonsils, are lymphoid tissue structures located in the posterior wall of the ... Papillary - In oncology, papillary refers to neoplasms with projections ("papillae", from Latin, 'nipple') that have ...
... , also known as nasopharyngeal cancer, is classified as a malignant neoplasm, or cancer, arising from ... most commonly in the postero-lateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller), accounting for 50% of cases. NPC ...
Depending on the area being treated, this may include the skin, oral mucosa, pharyngeal, bowel mucosa, and ureter. The rates of ... Hypopituitarism commonly develops after radiation therapy for sellar and parasellar neoplasms, extrasellar brain tumours, head ...
Armenian HK, Lilienfeld AM, Diamond EL, Bross IDJ: Epidemiologic Characteristics of Patients with Prostatic Neoplasms, American ... Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 Genotype and Risk of Oral Cavity and Pharyngeal Cancer, Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89(22 ...
Tian, Q.; Zhao, F.; Zeng, H.; Zhu, M.; Jiang, B. (2022). "Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in ... does the Mesozoic neoplasm support tissue organization field theory of tumorigenesis?". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 22 (1). 143 ... Zhang, X.-G.; Pratt, B. R. (2023). "Comment on "Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans ... "Ultrastructure reveals ancestral vertebrate pharyngeal skeleton in yunnanozoans"". Science. 381 (6656). eade9707. doi:10.1126/ ...
"Pharyngeal Neoplasms" by people in this website by year, and whether "Pharyngeal Neoplasms" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Pharyngeal Neoplasms" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Pharyngeal Neoplasms" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Pharyngeal Neoplasms". ...
Neoplasms / epidemiology* * Norway / epidemiology * Pancreatic Neoplasms / epidemiology * Pharyngeal Neoplasms / epidemiology * ...
Neoplasms. *Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases. *Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms. *Pharyngeal Neoplasms. *Speech Disorders. * ... oral pharyngeal phase of swallowing, voice production or laryngeal function and the. investigator needs to evaluate functional ...
Categories: Pharyngeal Neoplasms Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Mouth Neoplasms / radiotherapy* * Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced* * Pharyngeal Neoplasms / etiology* * Risk Factors * SEER ...
Pharyngeal Neoplasms 13% * Sexuality 10% * Mouth Neoplasms 9% * Norway 9% * Larynx 9% ...
Pharyngeal Neoplasms. *Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging. *Middle Aged. *Humans. *Hemangioma. *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ...
Palavras-chave : epidemiology; risk factors; mouth neoplasms; pharyngeal neoplasms. · resumo em Português · texto em Português ... MELO, Letícia de Cássia et al. Epidemiological profile of incident cases of oral and pharyngeal cancer. RGO, Rev. gaúch. ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of a cohort of patients diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal ...
... the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain com... ... Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant ... Lateral pharyngeal wall protrusions with resultant dysphagia and muffled voice should raise suspicion of a parapharyngeal space ... Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. [1] The incidence of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole is ...
Breast Neoplasms, Prostatic Neoplasms, Pharyngeal Neoplasms, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Pulmonary ...
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Mouth Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 73% ... Diet and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Among Blacks. Gloria Gridley, J. K. McLaughlin, W. J. Blot, J. F. Fraumeni, G. Block, D. M ... Diet and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Among Blacks. / Gridley, Gloria; McLaughlin, J. K.; Blot, W. J. et al. In: Nutrition and ... Diet and Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Among Blacks. In: Nutrition and Cancer. 1990 ; Vol. 14, No. 3-4. pp. 219-225. ...
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 57% * Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 51% ... We analyzed the efficacy of salvage surgery for patients with local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer after RT or CRT. ... We analyzed the efficacy of salvage surgery for patients with local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer after RT or CRT. ... We analyzed the efficacy of salvage surgery for patients with local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer after RT or CRT. ...
Information about the SNOMED CT code 95001001 representing Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of pharynx. ... Pharyngeal structure 54066008. Associated morphology. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior 86251006. parents. *Neoplasm of pharynx ... Neoplasm of pharynx 126685009. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of pharynx 95001001. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical ... Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of lip, oral cavity and pharynx 271326004. Neoplasm of uncertain behavior of pharynx 95001001. ...
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine lesions endoscopically diagnosed with narrow-band imaging as pharyngeal neoplasms of 3 mm or ... Efficacy and safety of cold forceps biopsy for diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms: Single-center, prospective pilot study. ... BACKGROUND: Management of diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms is controversial. Thus, we conducted a single-center, prospective ... biopsy with jumbo biopsy forceps appears to be a safe and effective technique for excising diminutive pharyngeal neoplasms. ...
Wegener granulomatosis mimicking a naso-pharyngeal neoplasm Loaec E, Bonne L, Vaillant P-Y, Rousset J, Paleiron N. (Brest) Ref ...
Wegener granulomatosis mimicking a naso-pharyngeal neoplasm Loaec E, Bonne L, Vaillant P-Y, Rousset J, Paleiron N. (Brest) Ref ...
... the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain com... ... Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant ... Lateral pharyngeal wall protrusions with resultant dysphagia and muffled voice should raise suspicion of a parapharyngeal space ... Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. [1] The incidence of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole is ...
Diet; Diet; Diet; Head and neck neoplasms; high-fat; Laryngeal neoplasms; Mediterranean; Mouth neoplasms; Pharyngeal neoplasms ... We named them all as Dairy products and breakfast cereals, and two were associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. ... We named them all as Dairy products and breakfast cereals, and two were associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. ... Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Reproducibility of Results; United States; Diet ...
... pharyngeal Plague, pneumonic Plague, septicemic Plasmacytoma anaplastic Plasmalogenes synthesis deficiency isolated Plasminogen ... familial Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic islet cell neoplasm Pancreatic islet cell tumors Pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal ... et varioliformis acuta Pityriasis rubra pilaris Piussan-Lenaerts-Mathieu syndrome Placenta disorder Placenta neoplasm Placental ... retardation-hyperkeratosis Parapsoriasis Parasitophobia Parastremmatic dwarfism Parathyroid cancer Parathyroid neoplasm ...
In all cases of intranasal or pharyngeal neoplasm the diagnosis of meningioma, craniopharyngeoma and glioma should be ... In all cases of intranasal or pharyngeal neoplasm the diagnosis of meningioma, craniopharyngeoma and glioma should be ... The three reports demonstrated that in all cases of intranasal or pharyngeal neoplasm the diagnosis of meningioma, ... In all cases of intranasal or pharyngeal neoplasm the diagnosis of meningioma, craniopharyngeoma and glioma should be ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Oropharyngeal Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Pharyngeal Neoplasms ( ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Laryngeal Neoplasms ( ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms (National Institutes of Health) * ...
A malignant neoplasm is most commonly referred to as cancer. A malignant tumor consists of cells with low differentiation (so ... nasal and pharyngeal cavities,. *digestive system. *lymph nodes (these are where the development of lymphoma or Hodgkins ... Malignant neoplasm, as the name suggests, is more dangerous than a benign, benign neoplasm. All cancer is malignant neoplasm ... Malignant neoplasms are also divided into groups depending on the place of origin. The most common type of malignant neoplasm ...
  • A malignant neoplasm consists of cells with low differentiation (so-called immature), it has the ability to penetrate tissues and attack other organs. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • Malignant neoplasm, as the name suggests, is more dangerous than a benign, benign neoplasm. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • All cancer is malignant neoplasm and not all malignant neoplasm is cancer. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • There are also other types of malignant neoplasm - e.g. sarcoma, immature teratoma (ang.teratoma, lymphona, glioma, and malignant melanoma. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • The most common type of malignant neoplasm is cancer, i.e. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • Malignant neoplasm spreads in the body by growing into the cells of the surrounding tissues (the so-called infiltration), which leads to the disturbance of their functions. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • The spread of the malignant neoplasm makes the therapy difficult, relapses worsen the patient's condition and very often lead to death. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • Symptoms that may suggest the presence of a malignant neoplasm: palpable lump, change in shape, color and size of the nipples, specific discharge from the body orifices, ulcers or poorly healing wounds, as well as chronic digestive disorders. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • Sometimes a malignant neoplasm can develop asymptomatically for many years. (medicalwholesome.com)
  • A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. (lookformedical.com)
  • A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. (lookformedical.com)
  • A few letters were received from rates for malignant neoplasm of the lip, oral the relatives of patients reporting their death cavity and pharynx were 0.3 per 100 000 and date of death. (who.int)
  • An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of a cohort of patients diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal cancer in a High Complexity Oncology Center (level II) in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2005 to December 2007. (bvsalud.org)
  • Data from a population-based multicenter case-control study were examined to assess for the first time the relationship between diet and oral and pharyngeal cancer among blacks. (elsevierpure.com)
  • however, a lower consumption of fruits and vegetables among blacks in this study may contribute to their higher rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Objectives/Hypothesis Local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer after definitive radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is correlated to poor prognosis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We analyzed the efficacy of salvage surgery for patients with local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer after RT or CRT. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Methods Between 2001 and 2011, we treated 207 patients with resectable pharyngeal cancer, including 98 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) and 109 patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) who received definitive RT or CRT. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions The efficacy of salvage surgery for local residual or recurrent pharyngeal cancer was limited. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Results: We identified three shared patterns that were reproducible across studies (75% variance explained): the Antioxidant vitamins and fiber (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.41, 0.78, highest versus lowest score quintile) and the Fats (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.95) patterns were inversely associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. (unimib.it)
  • We named them all as Dairy products and breakfast cereals, and two were associated with oral and pharyngeal cancer risk. (unimib.it)
  • This study estimated the relative frequencies of oral and pharyngeal cancers among Yemeni cancer patients registered in 2007 and 2008 and determined patients' demographic and tumour characteristics. (who.int)
  • Of the registered 7515 cases, 302 (4.0%) were oral cancer and 239 (3.2%) pharyngeal cancer. (who.int)
  • Oral cancer was significantly more frequent among females while pharyngeal cancer was significantly more frequent among males. (who.int)
  • Oral cancer patients were significantly older than pharyngeal cancer patients. (who.int)
  • RÉSUMÉ Des études en milieu hospitalier ont révélé des fréquences relatives très élevées du cancer oropharyngé au Yémen. (who.int)
  • La présente étude a estimé les fréquences relatives du cancer de la cavité buccale et du pharynx chez des patients yéménites atteints de cancers enregistrés en 2007 et 2008. (who.int)
  • The primary site (topogra- oral cancer or pharyngeal cancer and of whom (273 000) died of the disease phy) and histology (morphology) of were excluded ( n = 110). (who.int)
  • 2]. The prevalence of oral cancer and classification of diseases for oncology , 3rd The tongue was the most affected oral pharyngeal cancer shows a wide dispar- edition (ICD-O-3) [15]. (who.int)
  • While nasopharyngeal cancer is pharyngeal cancer (code C00-C14) Nasopharyngeal cancer constituted the prevalent among the Chinese [5], oral were included in the present analysis. (who.int)
  • major proportion of pharyngeal cancers cancer has been known to be preva- Tumours with other codes (i.e. not epi- (214/239, 89.5%) (Table 1). (who.int)
  • The purpose of this study is to elucidate the association between PM 2.5 and oral neoplasm, including oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and oral cancer (OC), taking into account the geographical heterogeneity. (aaqr.org)
  • Among the 6.4 million malignant neoplasms diagnosed in workers are at high risk for cancer of the tongue2,9. (bvsalud.org)
  • Anterior pharyngeal dysfunction was more severe in patients with primary tumors of the hypopharynx than in those with cancer of the oropharynx. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms, and its classification is a challenge. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Based on the primary site, most literature comprehends five types of HNCs: laryngeal, pharyngeal, oral cavity, nasal cavity, and salivary gland cancer. (eurekaselect.com)
  • It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer. (lookformedical.com)
  • Although thyroid neoplasms are the most common endocrine tumors in head and neck, thyroid cancer is a relatively uncommon neoplasm [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT Hospital-based studies have revealed very high relative frequencies of oral and pharyngeal cancers in Yemen. (who.int)
  • The tongue was the most affected oral site (53.6%) while the nasopharynx comprised 89.5% of pharyngeal cancers. (who.int)
  • Oral and pharyngeal cancers were es- there were discrepancies between ondary and unspecified sites (C76- timated to affect more than 482 000 data sources, the data in the hard files C80) were erroneously registered as people globally in 2008, more than half were used. (who.int)
  • The role of the CO 2 laser has expanded substantially in recent years and now is used to endoscopically remove advanced laryngeal and pharyngeal cancers, which previously required removal via a neck incision. (aslms.org)
  • Nonsquamous cell cancers, including minor salivary gland cancers, sarcomas, and melanomas, account for the other half (see the histologic distribution of hard palate malignant neoplasms and the histologic types and frequencies of minor salivary gland neoplasms of the palate below). (medscape.com)
  • A bone marrow biopsy showed 2% kappa restricted plasma cells, concerning for a monoclonal plasma cell neoplasm. (shmabstracts.org)
  • The etiology of salivary gland neoplasms is not fully understood. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Almost half of all submandibular gland neoplasms and most sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Lasers are also used to reduce or eradicate vascular lesions and neoplasms in infants, children, and adults that obstruct the airway. (aslms.org)
  • Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histologic subtypes as seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • Among salivary gland neoplasms, 80% arise in the parotid glands, 10-15% arise in the submandibular glands, and the remainder arise in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • Only 20% of these neoplasms are malignant and 50% of these neoplasms arise from the deep lobe of the parotid gland or minor salivary glands [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twelve (80%) of our patients demonstrated posterior pharyngeal segment dysfunction characterized by impaired pharyngeal constrictor motility. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The vascular supply of the palatine tonsils is covered by posterior branches of the lingual artery, the ascending pharyngeal artery, branches of the facial artery, and palatine branches of the internal maxillary artery. (entokey.com)
  • The posterior pharyngeal wall of the oropharynx reaches from the region of the soft palate to the epiglottis and borders the tonsillar fossae and the lateral aspect of the piriform sinuses laterally. (entokey.com)
  • [ 4 , 5 ] ) Benign neoplasms occur more frequently in women than in men, but malignant tumors are distributed equally between the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • Most series report that about 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. (medscape.com)
  • The most common tumor of the parotid gland is the pleomorphic adenoma , which represents about 60% of all parotid neoplasms, as seen in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Common parotid neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Radiation therapy in low doses has been associated with the development of parotid neoplasms 15-20 years after treatment. (medscape.com)
  • It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • In all cases of intranasal or pharyngeal neoplasm the diagnosis of meningioma, craniopharyngeoma and glioma should be considered as differential diagnosis to optimize the surgical procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is a neoplasm with features intermediate between well differentiated and poorly differentiated. (entokey.com)
  • Children will be included if they are referred with a medical condition that affects the oral pharyngeal phase of swallowing, voice production or laryngeal function and the investigator needs to evaluate functional performance and safety for oral feeding. (knowcancer.com)
  • El cáncer de cavidad oral y faringe es el cáncer que se forma en los tejidos de la boca y la faringe. (upr.edu)
  • 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) and oral neoplasm has barely been addressed. (aaqr.org)
  • Although researchers have learned much from the study of this diverse group of tumors over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain complex and challenging problems for the head and neck surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system. (lookformedical.com)
  • The lipomas are the most frequently encountered mesenchymal neoplasm in humans. (journalmc.org)
  • Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histologic subtypes as seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The incidence of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole is approximately 5.5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States, with malignant neoplasms accounting for 0.9 cases per 100,000. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 , 5 ] ) Benign neoplasms occur more frequently in women than in men, but malignant tumors are distributed equally between the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • Almost half of all submandibular gland neoplasms and most sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • In children, 35% of salivary gland neoplasms are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Contrasting information was derived through a literature review by Louredo et al, which indicated that in pediatric patients, most salivary gland neoplasms (75.4%) are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • C11.3 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm of anterior wall of nasopharynx. (icd.codes)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms are rare with males being more likely to have malignant salivary gland tumors as compared to females. (atpjournal.org)
  • Alcohol Intake and the Incidence of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoid Neoplasms in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. (ehesp.fr)
  • Although researchers have learned much from the study of this diverse group of tumors over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain complex and challenging problems for the head and neck surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Some common salivary gland neoplasms are listed in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms most commonly appear in the sixth decade of life. (medscape.com)
  • Among salivary gland neoplasms, 80% arise in the parotid glands, 10-15% arise in the submandibular glands, and the remainder arise in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms occurred with slightly greater frequency in girls (57.4% of patients) than in boys. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms are rare and can pose complex diagnostic questions and management challenges to the Histopathologist and Surgeon respectively. (atpjournal.org)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms constituted 2.1% of all neoplastic lesions seen in the study period. (atpjournal.org)
  • Koshkareva Y, Ferris R. Salivary gland neoplasms. (cooperhealth.org)
  • Most series report that about 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. (medscape.com)
  • The papillomas are benign neoplasm that commonly occurs in the orpharynx, and the soft palate is the most affect area, whose aspect is vegetation-like. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
  • The main method of treating other benign tumors of the nasal cavity, as well as neoplasms of soft tissues, bones and cartilage, tumor-like formations is surgical. (fonda107.com)
  • The tongue was the most affected oral site (53.6%) while the nasopharynx comprised 89.5% of pharyngeal cancers. (who.int)
  • Pruritus may also occur as an associated sign in viral diseases (herpesvirus, poxvirus), immune-mediated diseases (pemphigus foliaceus, drug reactions, mural folliculitis, sebaceous adenitis) and cutaneous neoplasms (e.g. lymphoma). (laboklin.com)
  • Meningiomas are extra-axial neoplasms representing 15 - 20% of primary intracranial neoplasms. (sajr.org.za)
  • With dysfunction of the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, food transport to the esophagus may be impaired. (aafp.org)
  • At QY 58, the note was changed from "Cf. QY 25 Laboratory manuals" to "Classify works on experimental neoplasms in QZ 206. (nih.gov)
  • Experimental neoplasms. (nih.gov)
  • Discontinue treatment and contact physician in cases of severe systemic allergic reactions, severe asthma exacerbation, severe pharyngeal oedema, difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in breathing, changes in voice, hypotension or feeling of fullness in the throat. (medscape.co.uk)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a specific type of myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by a hallmark genetic change, t(9;22)(q34;p11), also known as the Philadelphia chromosome. (medscape.com)
  • Targeted sequencing reveals clonal genetic changes in the progression of early lung neoplasms and paired circulating DNA. (uchicago.edu)
  • [ 4-64 ] Of hematolymphoid neoplasms related to prior treatment, the vast majority are myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which have previously been well characterized. (medscape.com)
  • Andersson O, Moller RY, Finizia C, Ruth M. A more than 10-year prospective, follow-up study of esophageal and pharyngeal acid exposure, symptoms and laryngeal findings in healthy, asymptomatic volunteers. (medscape.com)
  • Risk factors for incomplete resection with pharyngeal endoscopic submucosal dissection and long-term prognosis after resection. (nih.gov)
  • Click on any term below to browse the neoplasms index. (icd.codes)
  • The lipomas are most frequently encountered neoplasm of soft tissue. (journalmc.org)
  • With single swallows of liquid, the pharyngeal phase follows immediately. (aafp.org)
  • Whatever the food consistency, the pharyngeal phase involves a rapid sequence of overlapping events. (aafp.org)
  • The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing and is pulled open by the forward movement of the hyoid bone and larynx. (aafp.org)
  • Although addressed by various terms, these basically represent supraesophageal complications due to reflux of gastric acid content through the esophageal/pharyngeal/laryngeal/pulmonary axis. (medscape.com)
  • The thyroid gland develops from the floor of the pharynx between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2. (jamanetwork.com)