Peripheral nerves. Medical search

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Neoplasms which arise from nerve sheaths formed by SCHWANN CELLS in the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM or by OLIGODENDROCYTES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, NEUROFIBROMA, and NEURILEMMOMA are relatively common tumors in this category.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)

Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A moderately firm, benign, encapsulated tumor resulting from proliferation of SCHWANN CELLS and FIBROBLASTS that includes portions of nerve fibers. The tumors usually develop along peripheral or cranial nerves and are a central feature of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, where they may occur intracranially or involve spinal roots. Pathologic features include fusiform enlargement of the involved nerve. Microscopic examination reveals a disorganized and loose cellular pattern with elongated nuclei intermixed with fibrous strands. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016)

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.

A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.

Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.

A protein that accounts for more than half of the peripheral nervous system myelin protein. The extracellular domain of this protein is believed to engage in adhesive interactions and thus hold the myelin membrane compact. It can behave as a homophilic adhesion molecule through interactions with its extracellular domains. (From J Cell Biol 1994;126(4):1089-97)

The motor nerve of the diaphragm. The phrenic nerve fibers originate in the cervical spinal column (mostly C4) and travel through the cervical plexus to the diaphragm.

A tumor made up of nerve cells and nerve fibers. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (TISSUE SCAFFOLDING) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; or CELL MIGRATION.

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheaths of peripheral axons. Ranvier's nodes allow saltatory conduction, that is, jumping of impulses from node to node, which is faster and more energetically favorable than continuous conduction.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)

A sensory branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The ophthalmic nerve carries general afferents from the superficial division of the face including the eyeball, conjunctiva, upper eyelid, upper nose, nasal mucosa, and scalp.

MYELIN-specific proteins that play a structural or regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of the lamellar MYELIN SHEATH structure.

A class of nerve fibers as defined by their nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the unmyelinated nerve fibers are small in diameter and usually several are surrounded by a single MYELIN SHEATH. They conduct low-velocity impulses, and represent the majority of peripheral sensory and autonomic fibers, but are also found in the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD.

Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

A family of highly acidic calcium-binding proteins found in large concentration in the brain and believed to be glial in origin. They are also found in other organs in the body. They have in common the EF-hand motif (EF HAND MOTIFS) found on a number of calcium binding proteins. The name of this family derives from the property of being soluble in a 100% saturated ammonium sulfate solution.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

An early growth response transcription factor that controls the formation of the MYELIN SHEATH around peripheral AXONS by SCHWANN CELLS. Mutations in EGR2 transcription factor have been associated with HEREDITARY MOTOR AND SENSORY NEUROPATHIES such as CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestation of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS of the carotid sinus.

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves.

Cell surface receptors that bind NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; (NGF) and a NGF-related family of neurotrophic factors that includes neurotrophins, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR and CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)

Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denervated elements and establish contact between them and the neurons that formerly controlled another area.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

A group of disorders characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with high rates of spontaneous mutation and multiple neurofibromas or neurilemmomas. NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1 (generalized neurofibromatosis) accounts for approximately 95% of cases, although multiple additional subtypes (e.g., NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2, neurofibromatosis 3, etc.) have been described. (From Neurochirurgie 1998 Nov;44(4):267-72)

Diseases characterized by injury or dysfunction involving multiple peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process may primarily affect myelin or nerve axons. Two of the more common demyelinating forms are acute inflammatory polyradiculopathy (GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME) and POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING. Polyradiculoneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots.

The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.

A protein found most abundantly in the nervous system. Defects or deficiencies in this protein are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome. Mutations in the gene (GENE, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) affect two known functions: regulation of ras-GTPase and tumor suppression.

A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.

Type III intermediate filament proteins that assemble into neurofilaments, the major cytoskeletal element in nerve axons and dendrites. They consist of three distinct polypeptides, the neurofilament triplet. Types I, II, and IV intermediate filament proteins form other cytoskeletal elements such as keratins and lamins. It appears that the metabolism of neurofilaments is disturbed in Alzheimer's disease, as indicated by the presence of neurofilament epitopes in the neurofibrillary tangles, as well as by the severe reduction of the expression of the gene for the light neurofilament subunit of the neurofilament triplet in brains of Alzheimer's patients. (Can J Neurol Sci 1990 Aug;17(3):302)

The twelve spinal nerves on each side of the thorax. They include eleven INTERCOSTAL NERVES and one subcostal nerve. Both sensory and motor, they supply the muscles and skin of the thoracic and abdominal walls.

Tumor suppressor genes located on the long arm of human chromosome 17 in the region 17q11.2. Mutation of these genes is thought to cause NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1, Watson syndrome, and LEOPARD syndrome.

Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.

The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the LARYNX, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the TRAPEZIUS and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.

A nervous tissue specific protein which is highly expressed in NEURONS during development and NERVE REGENERATION. It has been implicated in neurite outgrowth, long-term potentiation, SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, and NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (From Neurotoxicology 1994;15(1):41-7) It is also a substrate of PROTEIN KINASE C.

The lumbar and sacral plexuses taken together. The fibers of the lumbosacral plexus originate in the lumbar and upper sacral spinal cord (L1 to S3) and innervate the lower extremities.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The process in which specialized SENSORY RECEPTOR CELLS transduce peripheral stimuli (physical or chemical) into NERVE IMPULSES which are then transmitted to the various sensory centers in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.

Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.

Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.

Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

A low affinity receptor that binds NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; NEUROTROPHIN 3; and neurotrophin 4.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

A sensory branch of the MANDIBULAR NERVE, which is part of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The lingual nerve carries general afferent fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the mandibular gingivae.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.

The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Branches of the vagus (tenth cranial) nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves originate more caudally than the superior laryngeal nerves and follow different paths on the right and left sides. They carry efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid and carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

An experimental animal model for the demyelinating disease of GUILLAINE-BARRE SYNDROME. In the most frequently used protocol, animals are injected with a peripheral nerve tissue protein homogenate. After approximately 2 weeks the animals develop a neuropathy secondary to a T cell-mediated autoimmune response directed towards the MYELIN P2 PROTEIN in peripheral nerves. Pathologic findings include a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, similar to that seen in the Guillaine-Barre syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1314; J Neuroimmunol 1998 Apr 1;84(1):40-52)

Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

The synapse between a neuron and a muscle.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)

A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.

Severe or complete loss of facial muscle motor function. This condition may result from central or peripheral lesions. Damage to CNS motor pathways from the cerebral cortex to the facial nuclei in the pons leads to facial weakness that generally spares the forehead muscles. FACIAL NERVE DISEASES generally results in generalized hemifacial weakness. NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISEASES and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause facial paralysis or paresis.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide. A 37-amino acid peptide derived from the calcitonin gene. It occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The neuropeptide is widely distributed in neural tissue of the brain, gut, perivascular nerves, and other tissue. The peptide produces multiple biological effects and has both circulatory and neurotransmitter modes of action. In particular, it is a potent endogenous vasodilator.

A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An octamer transcription factor that plays an important role in the MYELIN SHEATH development by SCHWANN CELLS.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue.

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

Blood vessels supplying the nerves.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Diseases of the cervical (and first thoracic) roots, nerve trunks, cords, and peripheral nerve components of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical manifestations include regional pain, PARESTHESIA; MUSCLE WEAKNESS, and decreased sensation (HYPESTHESIA) in the upper extremity. These disorders may be associated with trauma (including BIRTH INJURIES); THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME; NEOPLASMS; NEURITIS; RADIOTHERAPY; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1351-2)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

A major nerve of the upper extremity. The fibers of the musculocutaneous nerve originate in the lower cervical spinal cord (usually C5 to C7), travel via the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to the upper arm, elbow, and forearm.

A rare neuromuscular disorder with onset usually in late childhood or early adulthood, characterized by intermittent or continuous widespread involuntary muscle contractions; FASCICULATION; hyporeflexia; MUSCLE CRAMP; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; HYPERHIDROSIS; TACHYCARDIA; and MYOKYMIA. Involvement of pharyngeal or laryngeal muscles may interfere with speech and breathing. The continuous motor activity persists during sleep and general anesthesia (distinguishing this condition from STIFF-PERSON SYNDROME). Familial and acquired (primarily autoimmune) forms have been reported. (From Ann NY Acad Sci 1998 May 13;841:482-496; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1491)

Cells specialized to transduce mechanical stimuli and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Mechanoreceptor cells include the INNER EAR hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance, and the various somatosensory receptors, often with non-neural accessory structures.

The minimum amount of stimulus energy necessary to elicit a sensory response.

STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Pathologic changes that occur in the axon and cell body of a neuron proximal to an axonal lesion. The process is characterized by central chromatolysis which features flattening and displacement of the nucleus, loss of Nissl bodies, and cellular edema. Central chromatolysis primarily occurs in lower motor neurons.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

An eleven-amino acid neurotransmitter that appears in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is involved in transmission of PAIN, causes rapid contractions of the gastrointestinal smooth muscle, and modulates inflammatory and immune responses.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

An activating transcription factor that plays a key role in cellular responses to GENOTOXIC STRESS and OXIDATIVE STRESS.

A branch of the facial (7th cranial) nerve which passes through the middle ear and continues through the petrotympanic fissure. The chorda tympani nerve carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and conveys parasympathetic efferents to the salivary glands.

A slowly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. Clinical manifestations include weakness and sensory loss in the extremities and enlargement of peripheral nerves. The course may be relapsing-remitting or demonstrate a step-wise progression. Protein is usually elevated in the spinal fluid and cranial nerves are typically spared. GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME features a relatively rapid progression of disease which distinguishes it from this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1337)

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

The barrier between the perineurium of PERIPHERAL NERVES and the endothelium (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR) of endoneurial CAPILLARIES. The perineurium acts as a diffusion barrier, but ion permeability at the blood-nerve barrier is still higher than at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Nerve fibers liberating catecholamines at a synapse after an impulse.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

Gabapentin suppresses ectopic nerve discharges and reverses allodynia in neuropathic rats. (1/1775)

Repetitive ectopic discharges from injured afferent nerves play an important role in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is effective for treatment of neuropathic pain but the sites and mechanisms of its antinociceptive actions remain uncertain. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis that therapeutic doses of gabapentin suppress ectopic afferent discharge activity generated from injured peripheral nerves. Mechanical allodynia, induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats, was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the hindpaw. Single-unit afferent nerve activity was recorded proximal to the ligated sciatic nerve site. Intravenous gabapentin, in a range of 30 to 90 mg/kg, significantly attenuated allodynia in nerve-injured rats. Furthermore, gabapentin, in the same therapeutic dose range, dose-dependently inhibited the ectopic discharge activity of 15 injured sciatic afferent nerve fibers through an action on impulse generation. However, the conduction velocity and responses of 12 normal afferent fibers to mechanical stimulation were not affected by gabapentin. Therefore, this study provides electrophysiological evidence that gabapentin is capable of suppressing the ectopic discharge activity from injured peripheral nerves. This action may contribute, at least in part, to the antiallodynic effect of gabapentin on neuropathic pain. (+info)

Differential distribution of three members of a gene family encoding low voltage-activated (T-type) calcium channels. (2/1775)

Low voltage-activated (T-type) calcium currents are observed in many central and peripheral neurons and display distinct physiological and functional properties. Using in situ hybridization, we have localized central and peripheral nervous system expression of three transcripts (alpha1G, alpha1H, and alpha1I) of the T-type calcium channel family (CaVT). Each mRNA demonstrated a unique distribution, and expression of the three genes was largely complementary. We found high levels of expression of these transcripts in regions associated with prominent T-type currents, including inferior olivary and thalamic relay neurons (which expressed alpha1G), sensory ganglia, pituitary, and dentate gyrus granule neurons (alpha1H), and thalamic reticular neurons (alpha1I and alpha1H). Other regions of high expression included the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the claustrum (alpha1G), the olfactory tubercles (alpha1H and alpha1I), and the subthalamic nucleus (alpha1I and alpha1G). Some neurons expressed high levels of all three genes, including hippocampal pyramidal neurons and olfactory granule cells. Many brain regions showed a predominance of labeling for alpha1G, including the amygdala, cerebral cortex, rostral hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Exceptions included the basal ganglia, which showed more prominent labeling for alpha1H and alpha1I, and the olfactory bulb, the hippocampus, and the caudal hypothalamus, which showed more even levels of all three transcripts. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that differential gene expression underlies pharmacological and physiological heterogeneity observed in neuronal T-type calcium currents, and they provide a molecular basis for the study of T-type channels in particular neurons. (+info)

Characterization of the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in schwann cells. (3/1775)

We have demonstrated previously 1) that the dystroglycan complex, but not the sarcoglycan complex, is expressed in peripheral nerve, and 2) that alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular laminin-2-binding protein anchored to beta-dystroglycan in the Schwann cell membrane. In the present study, we investigated the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells. The cytoplasmic domain of beta-dystroglycan was co-localized with Dp116, the Schwann cell-specific isoform of dystrophin, in the abaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm adjacent to the outer membrane. beta-dystroglycan bound to Dp116 mainly via the 15 C-terminal amino acids of its cytoplasmic domain, but these amino acids were not solely responsible for the interaction of these two proteins. Interestingly, the beta-dystroglycan-precipitating antibody precipitated only a small fraction of alpha-dystroglycan and did not precipitate laminin and Dp116 from the peripheral nerve extracts. Our results indicate 1) that Dp116 is a component of the submembranous cytoskeletal system that anchors the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells, and 2) that the dystroglycan complex in Schwann cells is fragile compared with that in striated muscle cells. We propose that this fragility may be attributable to the absence of the sarcoglycan complex in Schwann cells. (+info)

Analysis of optical signals evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in rat somatosensory cortex: dynamic changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. (4/1775)

The origins of reflected light changes associated with neuronal activity (optical signals) were investigated in rat somatosensory cortex with optical imaging, microspectrophotometry, and laser-Doppler flowmetry, and dynamic changes in local hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation were focused on. Functional activation was carried out by 2-second, 5-Hz electrical stimulation of the hind limb under chloralose anesthesia. These measurements were performed at the contralateral parietal cortex through a thinned skull. Regional cortical blood flow (rCBF) started to rise 1.5 seconds after the stimulus onset, peaked at 3.5 seconds (26.7% +/- 9.7% increase over baseline), and returned to near baseline by 10 seconds. Optical signal responses at 577, 586, and 805 nm showed a monophasic increase in absorbance coincident with the increase in rCBF; however, the signal responses at 605 and 760 nm were biphasic (an early increase and late decrease in absorbance) and microanatomically heterogeneous. The spectral changes of absorbance indicated that the concentrations of both total hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin increased together with rCBF; deoxyhemoglobin, increased slightly but distinctly (P = 0.016 at 1.0 seconds, P = 0.00038 at 1.5 seconds) just before rCBF increases, then decreased. The authors conclude that activity-related optical signals are greatly associated with a moment-to-moment adjustment of rCBF and metabolism to neuronal activity. (+info)

The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves. (5/1775)

GM1 ganglioside has been implicated as a target of immune attack in some diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies are associated with certain acquired immune-mediated neuropathies. It is not clear how anti-GM1 antibodies cause nerve dysfunction and injury; however, sodium and/or potassium ion channel dysfunction at the node of Ranvier has been implicated. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of these neuropathies, we examined the distribution of GM1 ganglioside and Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc moieties in nerve fibres and their relationship to voltage-gated sodium and potassium (Kv1.1, 1.5) channels at the nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerves from human, rat and dystrophic mice. Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc moieties were localized via the binding of cholera toxin and peanut agglutinin. As a control for the specificity of these findings, we compared the distribution of GM1 moieties to that of the ganglioside GT1b. Our study provides definitive evidence for the presence of Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc bearing moieties on the axolemmal surface of mature myelinated fibres and on Schwann cells. Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc binding sites did not have an obligatory co-localization with voltage-gated sodium channels or the potassium ion channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.5 and are thus not likely carried by these ion channels. In contrast with Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc, GT1b-like moieties are restricted to the axolemma. (+info)

Salinomycin-induced polyneuropathy in cats: morphologic and epidemiologic data. (6/1775)

In April 1996, an outbreak of toxic polyneuropathy in cats occurred in the Netherlands. All cats had been fed one of two brands of dry cat food from one manufacturer. Chemical analyses of these foods, stomach contents, and liver and kidney of affected cats revealed contamination with the ionophor salinomycin. Epidemiologic and clinical data were collected from 823 cats, or about 1% of the cats at risk. In 21 affected cats, postmortem examination was performed. The affected cats had acute onset of lameness and paralysis of the hindlimbs followed by the forelimbs. Clinical and pathologic examination indicated a distal polyneuropathy involving both the sensory and motor nerves. (+info)

Neurotrophin modulation of the monosynaptic reflex after peripheral nerve transection. (7/1775)

The effects of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and NT-4/5 on the function of axotomized group Ia afferents and motoneurons comprising the monosynaptic reflex pathway were investigated. The axotomized medial gastrocnemius (MG) nerve was provided with NT-3 or NT-4/5 for 8-35 d via an osmotic minipump attached to its central end at the time of axotomy. After this treatment, monosynaptic EPSPs were recorded intracellularly from MG or lateral gastrocnemius soleus (LGS) motoneurons in response to stimulation of the heteronymous nerve under pentobarbital anesthesia. Controls were preparations with axotomized nerves treated directly with vehicle; other axotomized controls were administered subcutaneous NT-3. Direct NT-3 administration (60 microgram/d) not only prevented the decline in EPSP amplitude from axotomized afferents (stimulate MG, record LGS) observed in axotomy controls but, after 5 weeks, led to EPSPs larger than those from intact afferents. These central changes were paralleled by recovery of group I afferent conduction velocity. Removal of NT-3 4-5 weeks after beginning treatment resulted in a decline of conduction velocity and EPSP amplitude within 1 week to values characteristic of axotomy. The increased synaptic efficacy after NT-3 treatment was associated with enhanced connectivity of single afferents to motoneurons. NT-4/5 induced modest recovery in group I afferent conduction velocity but not of the EPSPs they elicited. NT-3 or NT-4/5 had no effect on the properties of treated motoneurons or their monosynaptic EPSPs. We conclude that NT-3, and to a limited extent NT-4/5, promotes recovery of axotomized group Ia afferents but not axotomized motoneurons or the synapses on them. (+info)

Relationships between lead absorption and peripheral nerve conduction velocities in lead workers. (8/1775)

The motor sensory, and mixed nerve conduction velocities of median and posterior tibial nerves were measured in 39 lead workers whose blood lead (PbB) concentrations ranged from 2 to 73 mug/100 g with anaverage of 29 mug/100 g. The PbB concentrations significantly correlated with the maximal motor nerve conduction velocities (MCV) and mixed nerve conduction velocities (MNCV) of the median nerve in the forearm and with the MCV of the posterior tibial nerve. Erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity correlated similarly with the MCV and MNCV of the median nerve in the forearm, and the 24-hour urinary lead excretion following the intravenous administration of CaEDTA (20 mg/kg) (lead mobilization test) correlated with the MNCV. But no parameter correlated with the sensory nerve conduction velocities. By multiple regression analysis, a combination of the three parameters of lead absorption was found to correlate significantly with the MCV and MNCV of the median nerve in the forearm. The MCVs of the median and posterior tibial nerves in lead workers were significantly delayed in the PbB range of 29-73 mug/100 g (mean 45), in the lead mobilization test range from 173 to 3,540 mug/day (mean 973), and the ALAD activity range from 4.4 to 19.4 u. (mean 14.0), respectively. (+info)

The classification of peripheral nerves in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) groups the nerves into two main groups, the ... in classifying the connections of nerve fibers to peripheral nerve cells. Previous researchers had utilized different terms ... which supposedly made these peripheral nerves 'ganglionic nerves'), among other classifications. Langley stated that his choice ... system covers peripheral nerve synapses in the vertebrae regions of T12-S4 in addition to a number of cranial nerves. As can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_of_peripheral_nerves

... refers to an area of skin innervated by a single nerve. A peripheral nerve field can also be described ... Neurologists rely on maps of dermatomes and peripheral nerve fields to diagnose areas of nerve damage based on somasthetic or ... proprioceptive deficits in specific dermatomes and peripheral nerve fields. Although areas of innervation are somewhat ... as cutaneous nerve distribution. An area innervated by a single dorsal root is called a dermatome. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_field

... may refer to: Occipital nerve stimulation A type of electroanalgesia This disambiguation page ... lists articles associated with the title Peripheral nerve stimulation. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_stimulation

Ideally peripheral nerve interfaces are optimally designed to interface with biological constraints of peripheral nerve fibers ... The function of a peripheral nerve interface is to assist the nervous system when peripheral nerve function is compromised. To ... A peripheral nerve interface is the bridge between the peripheral nervous system and a computer interface which serves as a bi‐ ... Peripheral nerve interfaces also enable electrical stimulation and recording of the peripheral nervous system to study the form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_interface

Nerve Nerve fiber Peripheral nerve injury (Nerve injury) Connective tissue in the peripheral nervous system Neuroregeneration ... It is a total severance or disruption of the entire nerve fiber. A peripheral nerve fiber contains an axon (Or long dendrite), ... Classification of peripheral nerve injury assists in prognosis and determination of treatment strategy. Classification of nerve ... "Peripheral Nerve Injuries". "Seddon classification of nerve injuries". Otto D.Payton & Richard P.Di Fabio et al. Manual of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_injury_classification

Most malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors arise from the nerve plexuses that distribute nerves into the limbs-the brachial ... Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a rare type of cancer that arise from the soft tissue that surrounds nerves. They ... A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a form of cancer of the connective tissue surrounding nerves. Given its ... A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is rare, but is one of the most common frequent soft tissue sarcoma in the pediatrics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_peripheral_nerve_sheath_tumor

... is a procedure used in anesthesia that allows real-time imaging of the positions of ... Koscielniak-Nielsen, Zbigniew J.; Dahl, Jörgen B. (April 2012). "Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade of the upper ... Chin, Ki Jinn; Chan, Vincent (October 2008). "Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade". Current Opinion in Anesthesiology. ... "Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blockade". Current Pain and Headache Reports. 11 (1): 25-32. doi:10.1007/s11916-007-0018-6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound-guided_peripheral_nerve_block

Surgery of Peripheral Nerves: A Case-Based Approach. Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 2008.) A variety of methods may be used to ... or nerve disorders in which the nerves become inflamed. There are rare causes of axillary nerve palsy that do occur. For ... 2008). Surgery of Peripheral Nerves: A Case-Based Approach. Thieme Medical Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86577-860-3. (Articles with ... Since this is a problem with just one nerve, it is a type of Peripheral neuropathy called mononeuropathy. Of all brachial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary_nerve_palsy

... and radial nerves of the upper body and in the sciatic and peroneal nerves of the lower body. Peripheral nerves are myelinated ... "Operating on Peripheral Nerves". In Peter J. Dyck; P. K. Thomas (eds.). Peripheral Neuropathy (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier ... vasomotor and sudomotor paralysis in the region of the affected nerve or nerves, and abnormal sensitivity of the nerve at the ... Neurotmesis is the most serious degree of nerve injury. It involves the disruption of the nerve and the nerve sheath. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurapraxia

... thickening of peripheral nerves; a flat nose from destruction of nasal cartilage; and changes in phonation and other aspects of ... Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This nerve damage may result in a lack of ... Most leprosy complications are the result of nerve damage. The nerve damage occurs from direct invasion by the M. leprae ... Approximately 30% of people affected with leprosy experience nerve damage. The nerve damage sustained is reversible when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leprosy

Usually, however, peripheral nerve injuries are classified in five stages, based on the extent of damage to both the nerve and ... Seckel BR (September 1990). "Enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration". Muscle & Nerve. 13 (9): 785-800. doi:10.1002/mus. ... Other methods of preventing peripheral nerve injury include electrical nerve stimulation and ultrasonography. Electrical ... The study of peripheral nerve injury began during the American Civil War and greatly expanded during modern medicine with such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_injury

... fibers transduce signals from the CNS to peripheral neurons of proximal muscle tissue. Motor nerve axon terminals ... Motor nerves act as efferent nerves which carry information out from the CNS to muscles, as opposed to afferent nerves (also ... Motor nerves tend to be rich in acetylcholine vesicles because the motor nerve, a bundle of motor nerve axons that deliver ... and so motor nerves are not equivalent to efferent nerves). In addition, there are nerves that serve as both sensory and motor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_nerve

"Nerve Injury After Peripheral Nerve Block: Best Practices and Medical-Legal Protection Strategies". Anesthesiology News. ... Local anesthetic nerve block (local anesthetic regional nerve blockade, or often simply nerve block) is a short-term nerve ... The local anesthetic bathes the nerve and numbs the area of the body that is supplied by that nerve. The goal of the nerve ... The sciatic nerve block is done for surgeries at or below the knee. The nerve is located in the gluteus maximus muscle. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic_nerve_block

Pradat, PF; Delanian, S (2013). Late radiation injury to peripheral nerves. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 115. pp. 743- ... Peripheral nerves". Cancer/Radiothérapie. 14 (4-5): 405-410 (Abstract). doi:10.1016/j.canrad.2010.03.012. PMID 20580590. ... The delayed nerve damage is attributed to compression neuropathy and a late fibro-atrophic ischemia from retractile fibrosis. ... A similar nerve injury, Radiation-induced Brachial Plexopathy (RIBP), may occur secondary to breast radiation therapy. Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation-induced_lumbar_plexopathy

Plexus and peripheral nerve metastasis". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 149. Elsevier. pp. 257-279. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12 ... The mental nerve is a sensory nerve of the face. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve, itself a ... The mental nerve is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve. This is a branch of the mandibular nerve ( ... These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve. The mental nerve provides sensation to the front of the chin and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_nerve

Some regenerated nerve fibers do not find the correct muscle fibers, and some damaged motor neurons of the peripheral nervous ... and PNS nerves (e.g. the sciatic nerve and the auditory nerve, which also appear white) each comprise thousands to millions of ... Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to pernicious anaemia can lead to slight peripheral nerve damage to ... Carroll, SL (2017). "The Molecular and Morphologic Structures That Make Saltatory Conduction Possible in Peripheral Nerve". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin

Peripheral Nerve Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 87. ISBN 978-0444513588. Shin J. Oh (2002). Color atlas of nerve biopsy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_infiltrative_lymphocytosis_syndrome

... simultaneous use of spinal cord and peripheral nerve field stimulation to treat low back and leg pain. Peripheral Nerve ... Lipov, Eugene G. (Nov 2013). "Peripheral nerve field stimulation for the management of localized chronic intractable back pain ... Lipov, Eugene G. (Feb 1, 2010). "a Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial to Evaluate Peripheral Nerve Field Stimulation Using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Lipov

"Three types of nerve injury" (1943) Brain. 66(4);237-288 doi:10.1093/brain/66.4.237 Peripheral nerve injuries. Medical Research ... The Nerve Clinic. "Classification of peripheral nerve injuries". www.nerveclinic.co.uk. Retrieved 6 January 2019. Seddon, H. J ... He established the Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit at Oxford and headed this for the duration of his time in Oxford. This unit ... Peripheral nerve injuries.(1954). London: H.M. Stationery Office Seddon, Sir Herbert Seddon: Notes on Sir Winston S Churchill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Seddon

"Peripheral Nerve Stimulation in Chronic Cluster Headache". Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. Progress in Neurological Surgery. Vol ... Two nerves are thought to play an important role in CH: the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve. Cluster headache may run in ... Nerve stimulators may be an option in the small number of people who do not improve with medications. Two procedures, deep ... Nerve stimulation or surgery may occasionally be used if other measures are not effective. The condition affects about 0.1% of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_headache

Freeman, Roy; Chapleau, Mark W. (2013). "Testing the autonomic nervous system". Peripheral Nerve Disorders. Handbook of ... for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: a comparison with clinical examination and nerve ... and proximal thigh prepared for standard analysis of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). Nerve fibers innervating sweat ... As the test lacks an axon-reflex response, it has a limited ability to assess nerve fiber function. SSR refers to the change in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudomotor

Reilly has served as President of the British Peripheral Nerve Society and the International Peripheral Nerve Society. In 2015 ... Peripheral Nerve Disorders. Vol. 115. Elsevier. pp. 213-232. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52902-2.00012-6. ISBN 9780444529022. PMID ... "Interview with Mary Reilly - President of the Peripheral Nerve society (PNS)". eanpages - News Blog of the European Academy of ... She studies peripheral neuropathy. She is the President of the Association of British Neurologists. Reilly studied medicine at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Reilly_(academic)

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (2011) Neurostimulation: Principles and Practice (2013) Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous ... "Trigeminal and occipital peripheral nerve stimulation for craniofacial pain: a single-institution experience and review of the ... "Peripheral nerve stimulation for neuropathic pain". Journal of Neurotherapeutics. Konstantin V. Slavin, and Christian Wess. " ... Peripheral Nerve Stimulation , Karger Book. "Neurostimulation: Principles and Practice , Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 2019-12- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Slavin

"Carboxypeptidase M in brain and peripheral nerves". Journal of Neurochemistry. 59 (6): 2201-12. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPM_(gene)

Spinner RJ (2006). "Outcomes for peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes" (PDF). Clinical Neurosurgery. 53: 285-94. PMID 17380764 ... The pudendal nerve carries both motor and sensory axons. It stems from the spinal nerves S2-S4 of the sacral plexus. The nerve ... the perineal nerve, and then dorsal sensory nerve of the penis or clitoris. These three nerves are also referred to as the ... Mobilization of the nerves and muscles in the pelvic region is a proposed way to treat symptoms associated with a nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudendal_nerve_entrapment

These then merge to form peripheral nerves. Shortly after this spinal nerve forms, it then branches into the dorsal ramus and ... Because each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, spinal nerves are referred to as mixed nerves. Posterior ... Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that carry both sensory and motor information. It also branches to form the grey and the white ... The dorsal ramus of spinal nerve (or posterior ramus of spinal nerve, or posterior primary division)[citation needed] is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_ramus_of_spinal_nerve

Richards RL (May 1951). "Ischaemic lesions of peripheral nerves: a review". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry ... This may stem the flow of blood, but side effects such as soft tissue damage and nerve damage may occur. There are three types ... The tourniquet should not be placed on the ulnar/peroneal nerve. The silicone ring device cannot be used on patients with blood ... Unlike the historical mechanical tourniquets, the device reduces the risk of nerve paralysis. The surgical tourniquet version ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourniquet

A continuous peripheral nerve block can be introduced into a limb undergoing surgery - for example, a femoral nerve block to ... "Nerve Injury After Peripheral Nerve Block: Best Practices and Medical-Legal Protection Strategies". Anethesiology news. ... Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose ... Neurectomy is a surgical procedure in which a nerve or section of a nerve is severed or removed. Cutting a sensory nerve severs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_block

... are small arteries that provide blood supply to peripheral nerves, specifically to the interior parts of nerves, ... 2009). Peripheral nerve blocks : a color atlas (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ... Said, G (November 1997). "Necrotizing peripheral nerve vasculitis". Neurologic Clinics. 15 (4): 835-48. doi:10.1016/s0733-8619( ... and has been implicated as the cause in a few cases of facial nerve paralysis. During invasive diagnostic or therapeutic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasa_nervorum

"Meralgia Paresthetica". Peripheral Nerve Diseases & Disorders. UCLA Neurosurgery. Retrieved 2007-04-09. Meralgia Paresthetica ... Persistent and severe cases may require surgery to decompress the nerve or, as a last resort, to resect the nerve. The latter ... This chronic neurological disorder involves a single nerve-the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, which is also called the ... The entire distribution of the nerve is rarely affected. Usually, the unpleasant sensation(s) affect only part of the skin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meralgia_paraesthetica

One affected individual was reported to have a ventricular septal defect and neonatal peripheral oedema in the legs. Two ... and less commonly there may be twisted retinal blood vessels or optic nerve hypoplasia. The eye anomalies can result in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strømme_syndrome

... and generally lack a peripheral fibrous capsule; these features are important for diagnosing IPC. Rarely, ductal carcinoma in ... sites of accumulated neoplastic cells with features combining those of nerve and hormone-producing cells including in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_carcinomas_of_the_breast

They are most frequently due to primary neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the loss of dopaminergic nerve terminals along ... Peripheral nervous system disorders). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_system_atrophy

The recurrent branch of the median nerve may be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, or from its own separate peripheral ... The recurrent branch of the median nerve is also colloquially called the "Million Dollar Nerve", because injury to this nerve ... Median nerve Kozin SH (1998). "The anatomy of the recurrent branch of the median nerve". J Hand Surg Am. 23 (5): 852-8. doi: ... It is also occasionally referred to as the thenar branch of the median nerve, or the thenar muscular branch of the median nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_branch_of_the_median_nerve

MAG is believed to be involved in myelination during nerve regeneration in the PNS and is vital for the long-term survival of ... Axons in the central nervous system do not regenerate after injury the same way that axons in the peripheral nervous system do ... Myelin Myelinogenesis NgR Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy Myelin-associated+glycoprotein at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin-associated_glycoprotein

... malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, meningeal hemangiopericytomas, meningiomas, neurofibromas, schwannomas, and papillary ... October 1998). "Peripheral blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells: CXC chemokine receptor 4 and CC chemokine receptor 5 ... July 2007). "Preferential induction of peripheral lymph node addressin on high endothelial venule-like vessels in the active ... November 2001). "Use of pathology-specific peripheral blood CD34 thresholds to predict leukapheresis CD34 content with optimal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

Skou JC (February 1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves". Biochimica et ... In fact, all cells expend a large fraction of the ATP they produce (typically 30% and up to 70% in nerve cells) to maintain ... and it has particular significance for excitable cells such as nerve cells, which depend on this pump to respond to stimuli and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–potassium_pump

... and ear malformations An official diagnosis of Roberts syndrome relies on cytogenetic testing of the peripheral blood. ... silvery-blonde scalp hair Cranial nerve paralysis, moyamoya disease, stroke, intellectual disability Treatment of Roberts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_syndrome

... late infantile Cervical cancer Cervical hypertrichosis neuropathy Cervical hypertrichosis peripheral neuropathy Cervical ribs ... Coloboma of iris Coloboma of lens ala nasi Coloboma of macula type B brachydactyly Coloboma of macula Coloboma of optic nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

... the exact mechanism by which it invades the CNS remains unclear and may first involve invasion of peripheral nerves given the ... The involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous system in COVID‑19 has been reported in many medical publications. ... Bilateral multilobar ground-glass opacities with a peripheral, asymmetric, and posterior distribution are common in early ... of people who are symptomatic include asymmetric peripheral ground-glass opacities without pleural effusions. Many groups have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

The nerve roots then merge into bilaterally symmetrical pairs of spinal nerves. The peripheral nervous system is made up of ... Nerve rootlets combine to form nerve roots. Likewise, sensory nerve rootlets form off right and left dorsal lateral sulci and ... Internal to this peripheral region is the grey matter, which contains the nerve cell bodies arranged in the three grey columns ... As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord

Thus, the general hypothesis was for long that the arrangement of nerve fibres in the optic chiasm in primates and humans has ... Arboreal theory Cyclopean stimuli Optical illusion Orthoptics Peripheral vision Senses Vision therapy Visual cliff Howard, Ian ... The evolution has resulted in small, and gradual fluctuations to the direction of the nerve pathways in the OC. This ... That OC architecture will provide short nerve connections and optimal eye control of the crocodile's front foot. Birds, usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_perception

... s are expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser extent the peripheral nervous system, where ... calcium mediates the histamine H3-receptor-induced attenuation of norepinephrine exocytosis from cardiac sympathetic nerve ... Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Heart Lungs Gastrointestinal tract Endothelial cells Like all histamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_H3_receptor

When the body receives sensory information, the sympathetic nervous system sends a signal to preganglionic nerve fibers, which ... Together, the effects increase peripheral blood pressure, but decrease central blood pressure. This can have larger effects on ... These stimuli travel through the sympathetic nervous system by means of preganglionic nerve fibers that emerge from the ... Chromaffin cells contained in the adrenal medulla act as postganglionic nerve fibers that release this chemical response into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathoadrenal_system

In the posterior segment of the eye, typically diagnosed at the region of the optic nerve or macula, deforming the eye in a way ... It results due to ectasia of weak scar tissue formed at the limbus, following healing of a perforating injury or a peripheral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphyloma

... is a medical procedure that temporarily blocks nerve conduction along peripheral nerve pathways. The procedure, which inserts a ... Burnett (2004). "Pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury: a brief review". Neurosurgical Focus. 16 (5): E1. doi:10.3171/foc. ... Sunderland (1951). "A classification of peripheral nerve injuries producing loss of function". Brain. 74 (4): 491-516. doi: ... Treatments of the nerve in this temperature range are reversible. Nerves treated in this temperature range experience a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoneurolysis

Mononeuritis multiplex is an inflammation causing similar symptoms in one or more unrelated peripheral nerves. Rarely, early ... The spirochetes may also induce host cells to secrete quinolinic acid, which stimulates the NMDA receptor on nerve cells, which ... Cranial neuritis is an inflammation of cranial nerves. When due to Lyme it most typically causes facial palsy, impairing ... Lyme radiculopathy is an inflammation of spinal nerve roots that often causes pain and less often weakness, numbness, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Peripheral nerves move (glide) across bones and muscles. A peripheral nerve can be trapped by scarring of surrounding tissue ... "External Neurolysis (peripheral nerve disorders) , Department of Neurosurgery". med.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-24. Bahn, Bret M ... When the nerve fibers degenerate, it causes an interruption in the transmission of nerve signals. In the medical field, this is ... An external neurolysis is when scar tissue is removed from around the nerve without entering the nerve itself. Neurolysis is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurolysis

The mGluRs perform a variety of functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems: For example, they are involved in ... Baskys A, Blaabjerg M (March 2005). "Understanding regulation of nerve cell death by mGluRs as a method for development of ... as well as other parts of the brain and in peripheral tissues. Like other metabotropic receptors, mGluRs have seven ... quisqualate of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype in rat central and peripheral excitable tissues". Neurochemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor

Erne B, Sansano S, Frank M, Schaeren-Wiemers N (Aug 2002). "Rafts in adult peripheral nerve myelin contain major structural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAL_(gene)

... is a motor speech disorder resulting from damage to peripheral nervous system (cranial or spinal nerves) or ... If the muscles of the face are affected (i.e. if there is damage to cranial nerve VII; V for the jaw in mastication), there may ... Depending on which nerves are damaged, flaccid dysarthria affects respiration, phonation, resonance, and articulation. It also ... Flaccid dysarthria is caused when damage occurs to the motor unit (one or more cranial or spinal nerves). Processes that can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaccid_dysarthria

The RARβ agonist C286 can activate the RARβ receptor which initiates axonal outgrowth in models of nerve injury and leads to ... In addition C286 has shown a novel function for RARβ in remyelination after peripheral nervous system / central nervous system ... and is being evaluated for the treatment of nerve injury. Replacing the amide linkage in the novel selective RARα agonist 1 ... selective and orally bioavailable RARβ agonist for the potential treatment of nerve injury". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C286

Dysautonomia (autonomic dysfunction) occurs when Lewy pathology affects the peripheral autonomic nervous system (the nerves ... MIBG is taken up by sympathetic nerve endings, such as those that innervate the heart, and is labeled for scintigraphy with ... Autonomic dysfunction resulting from damage to nerves in the heart in patients with DLB is associated with lower cardiac uptake ... "Degeneration of the cardiac sympathetic nerves is a neuropathological feature" of the Lewy body dementias, according to Yamada ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

plexus nerve plexus radiculopathy Allan B. Wolfson, ed. (2005). Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine (4th ed ... Peripheral nervous system disorders). ... Plexopathy is a disorder of the network of nerves in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexopathy

2013). Sensory nerves and neuropeptides in gastroenterology : from basic science to clinical perspectives. Springer Science & ... and development in the peripheral nervous system. Chapman and Hall. ISBN 9781489972620. Costa, Marcello; et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Costa

... and in Microscopic-Assisted Peripheral Nerve Surgery for the Department of Neurosurgery.[where?] As a Clinical Fellow in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bradford_Fisher

The ventral nerve cord (formed by nerve cells and nerve fibers) begins at the sub-pharyngeal ganglia and extends below the ... It has a central and peripheral nervous system. Its central nervous system consists of two ganglia above the mouth, one on ... Eight to ten nerves arise from the cerebral ganglia to supply the prostomium, buccal chamber and pharynx. Three pairs of nerves ... A plexus is a web of connected nerve cells.) The nerves that run along the body wall pass between the outer circular and inner ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm

A plexus refers to a net-like arrangement of a nerve. The term anatomical variation is used to refer to a difference in ... As of September 2016, two sections of the Terminologia Anatomica, including central nervous system and peripheral nervous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terminology

... meningeal nerve buccal nerve auriculotemporal nerve lingual nerve inferior alveolar nerve auricle external acoustic meatus ... Rea, Paul (2016). "2 - Head". Essential Clinically Applied Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System in the Head and Neck. ... The infratemporal fossa contains the mandibular nerve, the inferior alveolar nerve, the lingual nerve, the buccal nerve, the ... The mandibular nerve, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), also known as the "inferior maxillary nerve", enters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infratemporal_fossa

"Neuropilin-semaphorin III/D-mediated chemorepulsive signals play a crucial role in peripheral nerve projection in mice". Neuron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropilin_2

Study shows combination nerve blocks are common and patients are generally satisfied with the degree of pain relief. ... PNB sites injected included the greater occipital nerve (GON), 94%; supraorbital nerve (SON), 96%; supratrochlear nerve (STN), ... LOS ANGELES - Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) are effective in relieving headache pain, regardless of whether the procedure is ... Before the nerve block, 71.2% of patients rated their pain as 4 to 8 out of 10 (moderate to severe). Post nerve block, 47.2% ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/827871

... tumors and other disorders affecting the network of nerves that link the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. ... The Peripheral Nerve Surgery Service at Massachusetts General Hospital treats peripheral nerve injuries, ... Peripheral Nerve Surgery Service. The Peripheral Nerve Surgery Service at Massachusetts General Hospital treats peripheral ... The Peripheral Nerve Surgery Services multidisciplinary team has extensive experience removing all types of peripheral nerve ...

https://www.massgeneral.org/neurosurgery/treatments-and-services/peripheral-nerve-surgery-service?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2Culvhbdkubeqb

Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves. Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves. Anatomy and Physiology. *The Central and Peripheral ... attached to thespinal cord there are four sets of peripheral nerves: 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs ofthoracic nerves, 5 ... The spinal nerves, with a detailed view of the cervical nerves, and a close up of the pathways leaving the lumbarvertebrae. ( ... Since the arms arecontrolled by cervical nerves, and the legs are controlled by the lumbar and sacral nerves,the thoracic ...

https://www.factmonster.com/math-science/biology/human-body/anatomy-and-physiology-spinal-cord-and-peripheral-nerves

Peripheral nerves are highly quiescent, architecturally stable structures yet have great regenerative potential following an ... The regulation of the homeostasis and regeneration of peripheral nerve is distinct from the CNS and independent of a stem cell ... EphB signaling directs peripheral nerve regeneration through Sox2-dependent Schwann cell sorting. Cell143, 145-155. ... A central role for the ERK-signaling pathway in controlling Schwann cell plasticity and peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. ...

https://www.kcl.ac.uk/events/the-multicellular-complexity-of-peripheral-nerve-regeneration

Learn about these growths that form in or near nerves connecting to the spinal cord. Surgery is the most common treatment. ... Peripheral nerve tumor surgery, Peripheral nerve tumor, Peripheral nerve disorder, Malignant p...eripheral nerve sheath tumors ... Nerve entrapment, Benign peripheral nerve tumor, Peripheral nerve injury, Brachial plexus injury ... Peripheral nerve tumor, Cervical radiculopathy, Dural arteriovenous fistula, Chordoma, Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-tumors/doctors-departments/ddc-20355077?filterLocation=ALL&lastInitial=S&page=1

Your peripheral nervous system includes all nerves outside your brain and spinal cord. Visit Nufffield Health for more details ... Peripheral nerve surgery may involve decompression (release) of the trapped or damaged nerve or removal of the nerve. ... Peripheral nerve surgery. Unlike your central nervous system, your peripheral nervous system is not protected by bone leaving ... Peripheral nerve compression You have two nervous systems in your body. Your central nervous system (CNS) includes your brain ...

https://www.nuffieldhealth.com/conditions/peripheral-nerve-compression

Nerve damage after abdominal and pelvic surgery is rare but potentially serious. The i ... Nerve damage after abdominal and pelvic surgery is rare but potentially serious. The incidence of peripheral nerve injury is ... peripheral nerve injury\r, patient positioning\r, laparoscopy\r, nerve injury\r, Trendelenburg. ... the greater the risk of peripheral nerve damage. Patients aged 60 years or less also face a higher risk of nerve injury. ...

https://journals.lww.com/jnr-twna/Fulltext/9900/Factors_Associated_With_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury.43.aspx

This program discusses peripheral nerve diseases, including the anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous systems by Dr. ... Peripheral nerves control sensory, motor and autonomic functions and can regenerate though very slowly. Dr. Michael Wilson ... Peripheral Nerves and Difficult to Diagnose Neurological Diseases. 5/27/2022; 56 minutes ...

https://www.uctv.tv/shows/search-details.aspx?showID=37858

... and of the nerves of the abdominal wall. Five chapters describe methods of nerve transfer or of nerve repair, a further chapter ... Atlas of peripheral nerve surgery. By david g kline, alan r hudson, and daniel h kim (Pp235, £150). Published by Harcourt ... Nineteen chapters describe the anatomical relations of the peripheral nerves in the upper and in the lower limb, of the ... The detailed description of the relation between peripheral nerve trunks and adjacent axial structures, the relation of ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/71/6/822.7

Inocula from selected tissues-obex (A), sciatic nerve (B), adrenal gland (C), branchial nerve plexus (D), and vagus nerve ... Accumulation of L-type Bovine Prions in Peripheral Nerve Tissues Yoshifumi Iwamaru. , Morikazu Imamura, Yuichi Matsuura, ... Accumulation of L-type Bovine Prions in Peripheral Nerve Tissues. ... Bioassay using nerve tissues obtained from bovine spongiform encephalopathy JP24 prion-inoculated cattle. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/16/7/09-1882-f2

... conventional malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), 7 cases; perineurial MPNST, 4 cases), expression of several ... In normal nerves and neuromas, perineuriums were positive for Glut1 as well as for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and there ... The present study confirmed the characteristic cellular composition to each nerve sheath tumor immunohistochemically and showed ... the usefulness of the nerve sheath cell markers. Glut1 as well as EMA are specific to perineurial cells, and CD34 seems to be ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/3880761?error=cookies_not_supported&code=afa017f3-085d-4599-949d-6d7005378c74

Elevated von Willebrand factor antigen predicts deterioration in diabetic peripheral nerve function. Download Prime PubMed App ... Peripheral nerve function is increasingly impaired during puberty in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ... Elevated von Willebrand factor antigen predicts deterioration in diabetic peripheral nerve function.. Diabetologia. 1996 Mar; ... "Elevated Von Willebrand Factor Antigen Predicts Deterioration in Diabetic Peripheral Nerve Function." Diabetologia, vol. 39, no ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/8721780/Elevated_von_Willebrand_factor_antigen_predicts_deterioration_in_diabetic_peripheral_nerve_function_

Learn about the veterinary topic of Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves in Cats. Find specific details on this topic and related ... Also see professional content regarding disorders of the peripheral nerves Overview of Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves and ... Peripheral nerve injuries are common in traumatic injuries. The sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back to the hind legs ... Injury to the branches of the sciatic nerve in the lower leg, such as the tibial nerve or the peroneal nerve, can result in an ...

https://www.msdvetmanual.com/en-au/cat-owners/brain,-spinal-cord,-and-nerve-disorders-of-cats/disorders-of-the-peripheral-nerves-in-cats

2022 AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves ...

https://spinesection.org/about/peripheral-nerve-membership-list/

Anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies: dissecting peripheral nerve abnormalities in CIDP. Posted on June 20, 2017. by Dr José Manuel ... These peripheral neuropathies that compromise primarily the nodal and paranodal regions have recently been called "nodopathy", ... Myelinated peripheral nervous system fibres are divided into four compartments: (i) nodes, (ii) paranodes, (iii) juxtaparanodes ... In the June JNNP issue, Koike and colleagues have reported the morphological changes in sural nerve biopsies of patients with ...

https://blogs.bmj.com/jnnp/2017/06/20/anti-neurofascin-155-antibodies-dissecting-peripheral-nerve-abnormalities-in-cidp/

The Effect of Yoga on Nerve Pain Caused by Chemotherapy (Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy) ... The Effect of Yoga on Nerve Pain Caused by Chemotherapy (Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy) * ... The purpose of this study is to test whether yoga can reduce nerve pain caused by cancer treatment (chemotherapy-induced ... Clinical trial for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy , ... peripheral neuropathy, or CIPN). Participants will take one of ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/287698/the-effect-of-yoga-on-nerve-pain-caused-by-chemotherapy-chemotherapy-induced-peripheral-neuropathy/?page=3&query=Neuropathy&rnk=15

Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State. ... Peripheral Role of Cathepsin S in Th1 Cell-Dependent Transition of Nerve Injury-Induced Acute Pain to a Chronic Pain State ... Comment on "Peripheral role of cathepsin S in Th1 cell-dependent transition of nerve injury-induced acute pain to a chronic ... Comment on "Peripheral role of cathepsin S in Th1 cell-dependent transition of nerve injury-induced acute pain to a chronic ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/8/3013/tab-e-letters

Although he had experience performing Peripheral Nerve Surgery he had no idea that this new field o ... Peripheral Nerve Surgery Fills a Void for Patients. Back pain Burning thigh pain Chest wall pain Chronic pelvic pain Complex ... Although he had experience performing Peripheral Nerve Surgery he had no idea that this new field of surgery would dominate his ... Peripheral Nerve Surgery Fills a Void for Patients. .embed-container { position: relative; /*padding-bottom: 56.25%; height: 0 ...

https://videomd.com/videos-86/peripheral-nerve-surgery-fills-a-void-for-patients

Peripheral Nerve Blocks. Peripheral nerve blockade is an effective and safe technique for providing post-operative analgesia ... The incidence of serious nerve injury following peripheral nerve block is so rare that exact risks are difficult to determine. ... Peripheral nerve catheters may be left in for several days, although it should be noted the risk of abscesses requiring ... Peripheral nerve blocks can provide excellent pain relief but have the problem of limited duration. An example of this scenario ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1268467-overview

Wnt1-Cre and Isl1-Cre are active in the peripheral nerves in the limb skin) - Supplemental Material See Usage Policy. 596kB. ... Peripheral nerve-derived VEGF promotes arterial differentiation via neuropilin 1-mediated positive feedback ... Yoh-suke Mukouyama, Hans-Peter Gerber, Napoleone Ferrara, Chenghua Gu, and David J. Anderson Peripheral nerve-derived VEGF ... In developing limb skin, peripheral nerves are required for arterial differentiation, and guide the pattern of arterial ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/15908/

This case, which was histologically shown to be of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of uncertain malignant potential, ... Peripheral nerve sheath tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Case contributed by Frank Gaillard ◉ ◈ ... Gaillard F, Peripheral nerve sheath tumor of uncertain malignant potential. Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 09 Dec ... This case, which was histologically shown to be of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of uncertain malignant potential, ...

https://radiopaedia.org/cases/peripheral-nerve-sheath-tumour-of-uncertain-malignant-potential?iframe=true&lang=us

Human endothelial cells secrete neurotropic factors to direct axonal growth of peripheral nerves. Grasman, Johnathan M. ... "Human Endothelial Cells Secrete Neurotropic Factors to Direct Axonal Growth of Peripheral Nerves." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 ... Understanding how nerves spontaneously innervate tissues or regenerate small injuries is critical to enhance material-based ...

https://dl.tufts.edu/concern/pdfs/cv43p818g

Learn more about the different types of tumors that grow on or around the nerves that link to the brain and spinal cord. ... Peripheral nerve tumors affect nerves by growing within them or by pressing against them. Peripheral nerve tumors that grow ... Benign peripheral nerve tumor. Overview. Your peripheral nerves link your brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body. ... A benign peripheral nerve tumor can cause symptoms if it presses on the nerve in which it is growing or on nearby nerves, blood ...

https://middlesexhealth.org/learning-center/diseases-and-conditions/benign-peripheral-nerve-tumor

Further evidence of the increased risk for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour from a Scottish cohort of patients with ... Further evidence of the increased risk for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour from a Scottish cohort of patients with ... Further evidence of the increased risk for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour from a Scottish cohort of patients with ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/44/7/463.info

During the process, neural testing of the ulnar nerve (a somatic nerve) and of the vagus nerve (an autonomic nerve) were ... During the process, neural testing of the ulnar nerve (a somatic nerve) and of the vagus nerve (an autonomic nerve) were ... During the process, neural testing of the ulnar nerve (a somatic nerve) and of the vagus nerve (an autonomic nerve) were ... During the process, neural testing of the ulnar nerve (a somatic nerve) and of the vagus nerve (an autonomic nerve) were ...

https://vbn.aau.dk/en/publications/recover-of-peripheral-nerve-function-after-prolong-hypothermic-ca

Use of a Nerve Stimulator for Peripheral Nerve Blocks. II Anibal Galindo, M.D., Ph.D. Anibal Galindo, M.D., Ph.D. ... Anibal Galindo; Use of a Nerve Stimulator for Peripheral Nerve Blocks. II. Anesthesiology 1988; 68:316 doi: https://doi.org/ ... Conclusions Concerning "Differential Sensitivities of Nerve Fibers to Local Anesthetics" May Not Be Justified Anesthesiology ( ...

https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/68/2/316/30320/Use-of-a-Nerve-Stimulator-for-Peripheral-Nerve

Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic coupling (Capllonch-Juan & Sepulveda 2020). Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic ... Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic coupling (Capllonch-Juan & Sepulveda 2020). Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic ... Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic coupling (Capllonch-Juan & Sepulveda 2020). Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic ... Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic coupling (Capllonch-Juan & Sepulveda 2020). Model of peripheral nerve with ephaptic ...

https://senselab.med.yale.edu/MicroCircuitDB/ShowModel?model=263988&file=%2Fpublication_data%2Fdataset_02__stimulation%2Fnoec%2Fcode%2Fx86_64%2F.libs%2Fmod_func.o

... particularly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are unique sarcomas that originate from the peripheral ... particularly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are unique sarcomas that originate from the peripheral ... particularly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are unique sarcomas that originate from the peripheral ... particularly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). MPNSTs are unique sarcomas that originate from the peripheral ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cancer-of-the-peripheral-nerve-in-neurofibromatosis-type-1

Current nerve tissue engineering applications are adopting xenogeneic nerve tissue as potential nerve grafts to help aid nerve ... 3 more authors) (2015) An anatomical study of porcine peripheral nerve and its potential use in nerve tissue engineering. ... An anatomical study of porcine peripheral nerve and its potential use in nerve tissue engineering ... components of porcine peripheral nerves in the hind leg. Methods included the dissection of porcine nerves, localisation, ...

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/90582/

The lifetime risk of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) in NF1 is ∼10%. These tumors have a poor survival rate ... Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: a comparison of grade, immunophenotype, and cell cycle/growth activation marker ... Cytogenetic characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumours: a report of the CHAMP study group. J Pathol ... Gains in chromosomes 7, 8q, 15q and 17q are characteristic changes in malignant but not in benign peripheral nerve sheath ...

https://aacrjournals.org/clincancerres/article/14/4/1015/73374/High-Resolution-DNA-Copy-Number-Profiling-of

Nerve tumors sit directly on the nerve so surgery to remove them can be especially delicate. (massgeneral.org)
Mayo Clinic researchers discuss peripheral nerve tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
Mayo Clinic researchers have a long tradition of studying new ways of diagnosing and treating peripheral nerve disorders, including tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
Researchers from many areas work to improve diagnosis and treatment for people with peripheral nerve disorders and peripheral nerve tumors. (mayoclinic.org)
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors and tumorlike lesions are composed of a proliferation of these nerve sheath cells in varied composition and proportion. (nature.com)
The constituents of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are still poorly understood. (nature.com)
This case, which was histologically shown to be of a peripheral nerve sheath tumor of uncertain malignant potential, demonstrates that absence of extension into the neural exit foramen does not mean neurogenic tumors should be excluded. (radiopaedia.org)
Several different types of tumors may form on the peripheral nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
Peripheral nerve tumors affect nerves by growing within them or by pressing against them. (middlesexhealth.org)
Peripheral nerve tumors that grow within nerves are called intraneural tumors. (middlesexhealth.org)
The tumors that press against nerves are called extraneural tumors. (middlesexhealth.org)
These nerve sheath tumors are called schwannomas because they are made up of Schwann cells, which are cells that surround the nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
This is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to grow on nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
Surgeons carefully remove schwannomas while taking care to preserve nerve fascicles that aren't affected by the tumors. (middlesexhealth.org)
The RASopathy neurofibromatosis 1 is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome that represents a major risk for the development of malignancies, particularly malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). (elsevier.com)
The clinical management of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) is challenging not only due to its aggressive and invasive nature, but also limited therapeutic options. (oncotarget.com)
Comprehensive care for newborns, infants and children suffering from injuries or tumors of the peripheral nerves. (nicklauschildrens.org)
The Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Program at Nicklaus Children's Hospital provides comprehensive care for newborns, infants and children suffering from injuries or tumors of the peripheral nerves . (nicklauschildrens.org)
In addition to our focus on the brachial plexus, the Program also provides care for children with injuries or diseases (including tumors) of other peripheral nerves throughout the body. (nicklauschildrens.org)
It's imperative to identify potential issues such as nerve sheath tumors or ganglion cysts with pre-op imaging beforehand. (aorn.org)
Peripheral nerve tumors of the orbit. (bvsalud.org)

These peripheral neuropathies that compromise primarily the nodal and paranodal regions have recently been called "nodopathy", a novel concept, that allows the classification of this unique group of patients. (bmj.com)
INTRODUCTION: Investigation of peripheral neuropathies by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) may provide increased diagnostic accuracy when performed in combination with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). (au.dk)
We did not observe a statistically significant difference between the mean age of males (47.2) and females (51.2) (p = 0.07), but peripheral neuropathies were more common in young males. (iospress.com)
CONCLUSIONThe intervention of a physical therapy program in patients with peripheral neuropathies provided significantly better outcomes in clinical and electrophysiological parameters. (iospress.com)
In fact, because the nerve is so accessible, sural nerve biopsy specimens have been used to study inflammatory demyelinating peripheral neuropathies. (medscape.com)

Peripheral nerves control sensory, motor and autonomic functions and can regenerate though very slowly. (uctv.tv)
In the group as a whole, no significant changes were found in any autonomic function tests, temperature discrimination threshold or nerve conduction velocities. (unboundmedicine.com)
During the process, neural testing of the ulnar nerve (a somatic nerve) and of the vagus nerve (an autonomic nerve) were performed and blood was drawn for analysis of p-potassium, serum-neuron-specific enolase, and S100b protein. (aau.dk)
RESULTS: The ulnar nerve was cooled from 34.9±1.6°C to 12.8±3.8°C and the vagus nerve from 36.2±1.2°C to 15.4±1.4°C. Physiologic function of both somatic and autonomic nerves were strongly affected by cooling, but recovered to almost normal levels during rewarming, even after three hours of hypothermic cardiac arrest. (aau.dk)
Autonomic nerves send messages to your organs to control breathing, digestion, and other body functions that happen without thinking about them. (medlineplus.gov)
The bladder and urethra are innervated by 3 sets of peripheral nerves arising from the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and somatic nervous system. (medscape.com)
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. (bvsalud.org)

We have extensive experience treating injuries to the brachial plexus, a network of nerves near the neck and shoulder that control the shoulder, arm and hand. (massgeneral.org)
Nineteen chapters describe the anatomical relations of the peripheral nerves in the upper and in the lower limb, of the brachial plexus, of the intrapelvic course of the femoral and sciatic nerves, and of the nerves of the abdominal wall. (bmj.com)
I particularly liked the chapters describing exposure of the suprascapular and the circumflex nerves, of the course and variations of the sciatic and of the femoral nerves and most especially the account of David Kline's own operation, the posterior or subscapular approach to the most proximal segment of the spinal nerves passing to the brachial plexus and upper limb. (bmj.com)
Are you trying to schedule an appointment for the Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Program? (nicklauschildrens.org)
The brachial plexus is a network of nerves within the neck that supply the arm with motor input and sensory feedback. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Pediatric patients with brachial plexus and peripheral nerve disorders benefit from a multidisciplinary approach that brings together a team of specialists to participate in evaluation and care management. (nicklauschildrens.org)
The ulnar nerve arises from the brachial plexus and supplies most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand. (brainkart.com)
RESULTS:From the total of 107 patients included in the study, 52 were diagnosed with brachial plexus palsy, 27 with radial nerve palsy, 18 with median nerve palsy and 10 with ulnar nerve palsy. (iospress.com)
Some examples of peripheral nerve disorders from physical injury include complex regional pain syndrome and brachial plexus injuries . (medlineplus.gov)

There are three pathways for sensory information, from the ventral ramus and dorsal ramus (ramus = branch, plural = rami ) of the spinal nerve, or from the sympathetic nerve. (factmonster.com)
Think about the sensory nerves, which have dendrites from the receptors, and axons up to the brain. (factmonster.com)
Sensory nerve cell bodies go in the dorsal root ganglia , and motor nerve cell bodies go in the sympathetic ganglia , which sit anterior to the ventral root, but branch off of the spinal nerve itself. (factmonster.com)
Using a series of nerve-specific Cre lines, we show that VEGF derived from sensory neurons, motoneurons and/or Schwann cells is required for arteriogenesis in vivo. (caltech.edu)
Sensory nerves carry messages to your brain from your senses, including touch, hot and cold, and pain. (medlineplus.gov)
A combination of posterior tibial , saphenous , superficial peroneal , deep peroneal, and sural nerve blocks results in complete block of sensory perception beneath the ankle (see the image below). (medscape.com)
This block requires anesthetization of 5 nerves for complete sensory block below the ankle. (medscape.com)
Characterization of frequency-dependent responses of sensory nerve function to repetitive vibration. (cdc.gov)
Sensory nerve ending structures after 5 weeks of vibration exposure. (cdc.gov)
The sensory nerves control your sense of touch. (johnfoy.com)

Our surgeons are at the forefront of developing new techniques for reconstructing peripheral nerves severed or damaged by injury or tumor. (massgeneral.org)
The present study confirmed the characteristic cellular composition to each nerve sheath tumor immunohistochemically and showed the usefulness of the nerve sheath cell markers. (nature.com)
The most common benign peripheral nerve tumor in adults, a schwannoma can occur almost anywhere on the body. (middlesexhealth.org)
This common type of benign nerve tumor tends to form in the center of a nerve. (middlesexhealth.org)
These conditions include bone deformities, such as a curved spine, and an eye nerve tumor called an optic glioma. (middlesexhealth.org)
People with NF1 are at risk of developing a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. (middlesexhealth.org)
This rare benign peripheral nerve tumor arises from perineurial cells, a type of cell that surrounds the peripheral nerve sheath. (middlesexhealth.org)
A more complex nerve sheath tumor may assume the shape of a dumbbell. (middlesexhealth.org)
This type of tumor occurs in the spine and lower abdomen and are intertwined with important nerves. (middlesexhealth.org)
A benign peripheral nerve tumor can cause symptoms if it presses on the nerve in which it is growing or on nearby nerves, blood vessels or tissues. (middlesexhealth.org)
Although all these cancers present with poor prognosis in NF1 patients, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the most aggressive cancer seen in NF1 patients with a five-year survival rate of 21% [ 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
When Tyler was 13, she was diagnosed with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor after she found a lump under her right arm. (cdc.gov)
Later, a different test found that the lump was a kind of cancer called a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), specifically a malignant triton tumor. (cdc.gov)
Human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (S462) cells infected with G207, an ICP34.5-deleted oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) for 6 hours. (genevisible.com)
Human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (S462) cells mock infected for 6 hours. (genevisible.com)

Endothelial dysfunction may be associated with development of peripheral neuropathy in young diabetic patients. (unboundmedicine.com)
The purpose of this study is to test whether yoga can reduce nerve pain caused by cancer treatment (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, or CIPN). (centerwatch.com)
In certain chronic pain conditions such as peripheral neuropathy, complex regional pain syndrome and neuralgia peripheral nerves can become damaged or diseased, and blockade of these peripheral nerves can be used for diagnosis and therapy in the interventional pain clinic. (nuraclinics.com)
High blood sugar can lead to nerve damage called diabetic neuropathy. (cdc.gov)
2001 and 31 December 2003 to identify and radial nerves presents as acute periph- potential cases of TIN, using multiple diag- eral neuropathy with flaccid paralysis of nostic terms such as traumatic injection, the injected limb within 24 hours after in- traumatic neuritis, injection injury, etc. (who.int)
However, the clinical use of paclitaxel is associated with dose-limiting damage to peripheral nerves (peripheral neuropathy), which occurs in up to 80% of patients, and this complication may limit further treatment or severe diminish quality of life. (cancer.gov)
There is currently no known specific treatment for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, and mechanistic details of this side effect remain poorly understood. (cancer.gov)
We found that the function of these transporters can be potently inhibited by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nilotinib at physiologically achievable concentrations, and that pretreatment with nilotinib can prevent acute and chronic paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice. (cancer.gov)
Some people who got COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic experienced peripheral neuropathy-pain, tingling, and numbness in the hands and feet-during and following their infection, research shows. (futurity.org)
Several viral infections-such as HIV and shingles-are associated with peripheral neuropathy because viruses can damage nerves," says senior investigator Simon Haroutounian, chief of clinical research at the Washington University School of Medicine's Pain Center. (futurity.org)
We found that nearly 30% of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 also reported neuropathy problems at the time of their diagnosis, and that for 6% to 7% of them, the symptoms persisted for at least two weeks, and up to three months, suggesting this virus may have lingering effects on peripheral nerves. (futurity.org)
Pain specialists use the same types of medications to treat peripheral neuropathy, whether it's caused by diabetes or HIV or the cause is unclear. (futurity.org)
There is a high likelihood we could still help these patients, even though at the moment there are not clear diagnostic criteria or even a recognized syndrome known as COVID peripheral neuropathy," he says. (futurity.org)
He says this finding strengthens the possibility that the virus may be involved in causing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. (futurity.org)
In May, the FDA also issued a Safety Communication to warn about the risk of peripheral neuropathy, which is a type of nerve damage. (schmidtlaw.com)
Warnings about peripheral neuropathy have been on the label for Levaquin and Cipro since 2004. (schmidtlaw.com)
The nerve damage caused by Cipro is known as "peripheral neuropathy. (johnfoy.com)

Your peripheral nerves link your brain and spinal cord to other parts of your body. (middlesexhealth.org)
Your peripheral nerves branch off from your brain and spinal cord and connect to all parts of your body, including your muscles and organs. (medlineplus.gov)
This means there is damage to the peripheral nervous system, or the vast network that receives communications from your brain and spinal cord. (johnfoy.com)

Based on the above findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST). (medicaljournals.se)

It affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. (who.int)
A chronic bacterial disease characterized by the involvement primarily of skin as well as peripheral nerves and the mucosa of the upper airway. (cdc.gov)

Symptoms of nerve injury or compression can include pain, numbness or pins and needles. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Problems with the peripheral nerves may result in weakness, numbness and/or discomfort in the affected part of the body. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Nerve damage can cause health problems ranging from mild numbness to pain that makes it hard to do normal activities. (cdc.gov)
After taking Cipro, many people have reported nerve damage - numbness, tingling, pain, weakness and other symptoms - and the condition may be permanent. (johnfoy.com)

We used the model to simulate a) the stimulation of a nerve trunk model with a cuff electrode, and b) the propagation of action potentials along the axons. (yale.edu)
1 . Capllonch-Juan M, Sepulveda F (2020) Modelling the effects of ephaptic coupling on selectivity and response patterns during artificial stimulation of peripheral nerves. (yale.edu)
A computational model of cat auditory nerve fiber (ANF) responses to electrical stimulation is presented. (dtu.dk)
For nerve stimulation during surgeries involving the brain and face. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)

Just as there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that attach to the brainstem, attached to thespinal cord there are four sets of peripheral nerves: 8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs ofthoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, and 5 pairs of sacral nerves (see Figure 20.9).These are easy to remember if you think about the divisions of the spine. (factmonster.com)
Since the arms arecontrolled by cervical nerves, and the legs are controlled by the lumbar and sacral nerves,the thoracic nerves have little to do, hence the narrowness of the thoracic spinal cord. (factmonster.com)
This three-day course for the experienced pelvic rehab therapist will address manual treatments and problem-solving assessments for the major contributory nerves from the lumbar plexus to the pelvis in an organized, systematic fashion. (hermanwallace.com)
Clinical assessment and differential diagnosis will include history, symptoms, strength and sensation changes, and differential neural tension testing for each major peripheral nerve of the lumbar plexus. (hermanwallace.com)
Neural structures addressed in this course include the lumbar plexus nerves (Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, Femoral Nerve, and Obturator Nerve and Foramen), This course will be very lab heavy, around 65% of the course will be interactive, hands-on learning. (hermanwallace.com)
Medial branch RFA is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that reduces cervical (neck), thoracic (mid-back), and lumbar (low back) pain by interrupting the nerve supply from painful facet joints (Murtagh & Foerster, 2006). (wakespine.com)
According to the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, multiple RFA injections for medial branch blocks provide long-term pain relief, and the evidence for pain relief with radiofrequency neurotomy of cervical and lumbar medial branch nerves is moderate for short and long-term pain relief (Boswell et al, 2007). (wakespine.com)

Around each bundle of nerve fibers (neurons) called fascicles (so named because theyare little bundles wrapped in fascia), the fascia is called perineurium . (factmonster.com)
A schwannoma typically comes from a single bundle of nerve fibers, called a fascicle, within the main nerve. (middlesexhealth.org)
Nerve fascicles are bundles of nerve fibers. (middlesexhealth.org)
We built a computational model of a peripheral nerve trunk in which the interstitial space between the fibers and the tissues is modelled using a resistor network, thus enabling distance-dependent ephaptic coupling between myelinated axons and between fascicles as well. (yale.edu)
A contribution to the scientific assessment of degenerative and regenerative processes in peripheral nerve fibers following axonotmesis under the systemic administration of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 - light and electron microscopy findings in the saphenous nerve of the rabbit. (thieme-connect.com)

To assess the influence of glycaemic control on vWF, we first compared a matched group (C) of diabetic patients with similar HbA1 to that of group A, but with normal nerve conduction velocities: vWF was still significantly higher in group A compared with group C (p = 0.02). (unboundmedicine.com)
Clinical (muscular strength, sensitivity) and electrophysiological parameters (accommodation coefficient α, nerve conduction velocity) were analyzed. (iospress.com)
With RFA, a heated needle tip is used to disrupt nerve conduction, which prevents transmission of pain signals and reduces discomfort in a painful area. (wakespine.com)
Possible lateralizationof peripheral nerve conduction associated with gender. (bvsalud.org)

Nerve entrapment is treated with decompression and transposition of the nerve. (brainkart.com)
Students will practice interactively mapping the pathway of each nerve and neuro-fascial techniques to decompress the nerve along the path, including common sites of entrapment and impingement. (hermanwallace.com)
Unfortunately, the patients who receive diagnoses such as neuropathic pain or nerve entrapment are presented with few options. (hermanwallace.com)
Peripheral nerve entrapment and injury in the upper extremity. (medibas.se)
Nerve entrapment syndromes of the shoulder. (medibas.se)
Suprascapular nerve entrapment: evaluation with MR imaging. (medibas.se)

In the June JNNP issue, Koike and colleagues have reported the morphological changes in sural nerve biopsies of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) who have autoantibodies against paranodal structures. (bmj.com)
In this study, the authors studied the morphological characteristics of sural nerve biopsies using light and electron microscopy techniques in 9 patients with CIDP how had anti-neurofascin-155 and 1 patient with anti-contactin-1 antibodies. (bmj.com)
The regional sural nerve block allows for rapid anesthetization of the posterolateral calf and laterodorsal foot, including part of the dorsal fifth digit. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] Because the sural nerve is relatively superficial, it is easily blocked at multiple levels at or above the ankle. (medscape.com)
The areas to anesthetize include a line along the anterior ankle for the superficial peroneal nerve (blue line), the deep peroneal nerve (red star), the saphenous nerve (pink star), the sural nerve (green arrow), and the posterior tibial nerve (orange arrow). (medscape.com)
Understanding the arborization of the sural nerve is crucial to a regional block of this nerve. (medscape.com)
The sural nerve has a contribution from both the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve, each of which originates from the sciatic nerve. (medscape.com)
These two contributions come together to form the sural nerve, which arises in the popliteal fossa and courses superficially after piercing the deep fascia in the posterior calf (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The sural nerve as it travels down the posterior calf. (medscape.com)
The sural nerve continues down the posterior calf and supplies the skin of the posterolateral lower third of the lower leg. (medscape.com)
Sural nerve dermatome at the level of the posterior calf. (medscape.com)
Sural nerve dermatome at the level of the sole of the foot. (medscape.com)

The detailed description of the relation between peripheral nerve trunks and adjacent axial structures, the relation of anatomical variation makes it relevant to any clinicians engaged in the diagnosis of patients with disorders of peripheral nerves most especially to those engaged inclined towards interventional work. (bmj.com)

In previous work, we have demonstrated that Schwann cells orchestrate this process by co-ordinating the behaviour of the other cell types involved in nerve regeneration. (kcl.ac.uk)
EphB signaling directs peripheral nerve regeneration through Sox2-dependent Schwann cell sorting. (kcl.ac.uk)
A central role for the ERK-signaling pathway in controlling Schwann cell plasticity and peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. (kcl.ac.uk)
Macrophage-Induced Blood Vessels Guide Schwann Cell-Mediated Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves. (kcl.ac.uk)
Immunolabelling for nerve growth factor receptor p75 also revealed the localisation of Schwann cells around and inside the fascicles. (whiterose.ac.uk)
MPNSTs originate from Schwann cells associated with the peripheral nerves, and account for 5-10% of all soft tissue sarcomas [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Schwann cells (SCs), the supporting cells of the peripheral nerves, are indispensable for regenerating the peripheral and central nervous system. (scite.ai)
M. leprae have the unique ability to invade peripheral nerves, especially Schwann Cells, where they bring about really extensive neuritis and damage to the nerves. (cdc.gov)

Although peripheral nerves are able to heal themselves after minor injuries, serious injuries may require surgery. (massgeneral.org)
Our surgeons specialize in treating nerve injuries throughout the body. (massgeneral.org)
We also offer specialized treatments to help restore nerves damaged during previous surgeries or other medical procedures (iatrogenic injuries). (massgeneral.org)
David Kline and Alan Hudson wrote Nerve injuries , a work of exceptional importance which was published in 1995. (bmj.com)
Understanding how nerves spontaneously innervate tissues or regenerate small injuries is critical to enhance material-based interventions to regenerate large scale, traumatic injuries. (tufts.edu)
Some injuries, especially severe stretch injuries or lacerations, will require surgery to repair or reconstruct the affected nerves. (nicklauschildrens.org)
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the role , indications, and techniques of intraoperative neuromonitoring of peripheral nerve injuries . (bvsalud.org)

Peripheral nerves are highly quiescent, architecturally stable structures yet have great regenerative potential following an injury. (kcl.ac.uk)
Unlike your central nervous system, your peripheral nervous system is not protected by bone leaving it exposed to injury or toxins (poisons). (nuffieldhealth.com)
Factors Associated With Peripheral Nerve Injury After Pelvic. (lww.com)
The incidence of peripheral nerve injury is difficult to assess, and rates of between 0.02% and 21% have been cited in the literature. (lww.com)
This study was developed to assess the rate of peripheral nerve injury after pelvic laparoscopy and to identify associated risk factors. (lww.com)
Here, we evaluated the mechanical antinociceptive effect of IQM-PC332, a novel ligand of the multifunctional protein downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve as a model of neuropathic pain. (ucm.es)
Complete re-innervation after a traumatic injury severing a muscle's peripheral nerve may take years. (thno.org)
If the injury is severe, surgery may be required to release affected nerves from surrounding scar tissue, repair/reconstruct damaged nerves, or transfer "redundant" nerves to stimulate muscle function. (nicklauschildrens.org)
Galea MP, Zyl Nv, Messina A. Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. (lidsen.com)
In addition to the primary injury there is accumulating neurophysiological and histological evidence of dysfunction in the peripheral nerves, not related to direct damage from the primary injury, which exacerbates muscle wasting, and contributes to further functional loss and poor recovery. (lidsen.com)
The reversibility of these factors, and prevention strategies and possible therapies that may be of benefit to the peripheral nerves in spinal cord injury require further investigation. (lidsen.com)
Similarly, groin nerve blocks may help determine if groin pain is caused by a superficial nerve injury from hernia surgery or from a visceral organ deep inside the abdominal cavity. (nuraclinics.com)
Physical injury ( trauma ) that stretches, crushes, squeezes, cuts, or puts pressure on one or more nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
Tion that often results from peripheral nerve injury. (lckinhibitor.com)
In response to peripheral nerve injury, peripheral immune cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, Tlymphocytes and mast cells, infiltrate into the injured nerve and become activated. (lckinhibitor.com)
Additionally, there is Title Loaded From File increasing evidence that peripheral nerve injury induces the infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the spinal cord, which contributes to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain [4? (lckinhibitor.com)
We then examined the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, and observed Iba1-positive (Iba1+) macrophages/micro.Tion that often results from peripheral nerve injury. (lckinhibitor.com)
A traumatic brain injury in one area of the brain changes the connections between nerve cells across the entire brain, scientists note. (ptproductsonline.com)
However, the frequency-dependent effects of vibration on injury to the peripheral nervous system have not been examined. (cdc.gov)
Neuropathic pain results from injury to the central or peripheral nerves and is difficult to treat. (ijp-online.com)
If you have taken Cipro and developed symptoms of a nerve injury, you may have a case. (johnfoy.com)
People with neurologic and neurodevelopment conditions (including disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy [seizure disorders], stroke, intellectual disability, moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury). (cdc.gov)
Ferretti A, De Carli A, Fontana M. Injury of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch. (medibas.se)
Safran MR. Nerve injury about the shoulder in athletes, part 1: suprascapular nerve and axillary nerve. (medibas.se)

The ulnar nerve passes down the anterior medial aspect of the upper arm and wraps posteriorly round the medial epicondyle of the humerus where it is vulnerable to fracture of the elbow or chronic pressure. (brainkart.com)
If the ulnar nerve is severed, repair is may be attempted, stretching can be avoided by transposing the nerve to the front of the elbow. (brainkart.com)
Wrist extension combined with ulnar branch of radial nerve shaft, and superficial deviation. (medscape.com)

This program discusses peripheral nerve diseases, including the anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous systems by Dr. Maggie Waung. (uctv.tv)
This coordinated activity is regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. (medscape.com)

As one of the only centers in the northeastern United States specializing in surgical treatment of peripheral nervous system disorders, the Peripheral Nerve Surgery Service at Massachusetts General Hospital offers advanced treatment options to restore sensation, movement and motor skills. (massgeneral.org)
Peripheral nerve surgery may involve decompression (release) of the trapped or damaged nerve or removal of the nerve. (nuffieldhealth.com)
Nerve damage after abdominal and pelvic surgery is rare but potentially serious. (lww.com)
Although he had experience performing Peripheral Nerve Surgery he had no idea that this new field of surgery would dominate his practice. (videomd.com)
In this short video, he explains the explosive growth of nerve surgery to relieve chronic pain. (videomd.com)
The primary goal of this article was to describe the diagnosis-based approach for the utilization of preoperative peripheral nerve blocks in perioperative care for orthopaedic trauma surgery procedures based on the experience and current practice at our center. (medscape.com)
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for Peripheral Nerve Surgery. (bvsalud.org)
Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a valuable surgical resource that can assist in decision -making during peripheral nerve surgery using real- time electrophysiologic data. (bvsalud.org)
Endoscopic surgery takes it up a notch," says Dr. Mahan, an associate professor of neuro and spine surgery and chief of the division of peripheral nerve and pain surgery at University of Utah Health in Salt Lake City. (aorn.org)
Although he has performed revisions endoscopically, his preference is to treat them as open procedures because of the higher likelihood of adherence between the median nerve and scar tissue from the previous surgery. (aorn.org)
To achieve good visualization of the median nerve, I move distally in the carpal tunnel to look at the palmar adipose tissue and make sure synovium isn't present on the transverse carpal ligament," says Dr. Galle, a fellowship trained surgeon specializing in hand and upper extremity surgery who practices with Proliance Surgeons in Kirkland, Wash. (aorn.org)

Pronociceptive inflammatory mediators released from the activated immune cells can induce the sensitization of nociceptors and increase the excitability of nociceptive primary afferent neurons (peripheral sensitization). (lckinhibitor.com)
Recently, we reported that TRPM2 expressed in macrophages and spinal microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neuropathic pain through the aggravation of peripheral and central pronociceptive inflammatory responses in mice [24]. (lckinhibitor.com)
A clinical diagnosis of acute herpes zoster on the left ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve was confirmed by a dermatologist, and the patient was treated with acyclovir (400 mg, five times a day) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 1 week. (springeropen.com)
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include a range of inflammatory and degenerative conditions that affect joints, ligaments, muscles, peripheral nerves, supporting blood vessels and tendons, and account for the majority of workers compensation costs. (safetysolutions.net.au)

If you can remember epimysium (see The Structure of the Muscles and Muscle Cells ), then you will know what the epineurium is (the fascia around the nerve). (factmonster.com)
see The Structure of the Muscles and Muscle Cells ) around the nerve is called epineurium (like the epimy-sium). (factmonster.com)
This is also true interms of the muscles, in terms of the nerves that innervate them. (factmonster.com)
Acquired myasthenia gravis is an immune-mediated disease of the connections between the muscles and nerves (neuromuscular junction). (msdvetmanual.com)
These nerves control your muscles so that you can walk, blink, swallow, pick things up and do other activities. (middlesexhealth.org)
Nerve damage can cause muscles in your digestive tract to slow down or stop working. (cdc.gov)
Motor nerves control your muscles and all your movement, such as walking, talking, and using your hands. (medlineplus.gov)
branch of radial nerve 'movable mass' of muscles. (medscape.com)
Pelvic rehab is traditionally centered around muscles, but muscles are at the will of the innervating nerve. (hermanwallace.com)

The names for the parts of a nerve are analogous to the names for parts of a muscle. (factmonster.com)
The structure of a nerve is similar to the structure of a muscle. (factmonster.com)
But they can lead to nerve damage and loss of muscle control. (middlesexhealth.org)
Muscle Nerve, 2017. (au.dk)
By stimulating a nerve and recording action potentials from a point on the nerve ("nerve action potential ") or from a muscle ("triggered electromyography "), nerve lesions can be localized and the extent of nerve damage evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
The motor nerves control your voluntary muscle movements. (johnfoy.com)
To test the muscle's functional integrity, the associated nerve can be stimulated, which results in muscle contraction. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)

The study also revealed that when porcine peripheral nerves branch, a decrease in fascicle number and size was evident. (whiterose.ac.uk)
An 82-year-old man presented with severe chronic itching in the ophthalmic branch of the left trigeminal nerve dermatome, following acute herpes zoster. (springeropen.com)
branch of radial nerve and ulna. (medscape.com)
branch of radial nerve thirds of the dorsal forearm, midway between the ulna and radius. (medscape.com)
Medial branch nerves are small nerve branches that communicate pain caused by the facet joints in the spine to the brain. (wakespine.com)
Ajmani ML. The cutaneous branch of the human suprascapular nerve. (medibas.se)

2017). Cancer of the Peripheral Nerve in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 . (elsevier.com)

Treatments will encompass manually releasing the specific fascial pathway of each nerve, treating the proximal spinal nerve for each peripheral nerve, and direct neural manipulation. (hermanwallace.com)

Use of a Nerve Stimulator for Peripheral Nerve Blocks. (asahq.org)
We present a 6.5mm3, 10mg, wireless peripheral nerve stimulator. (escholarship.org)
The encapsulated stimulator was cuffed to the sciatic nerve of an anesthetized rodent and demonstrated full-scale nerve activation in vivo. (escholarship.org)
We achieve a highly efficient and temporally precise wireless peripheral nerve stimulator that is the smallest and lightest to our knowledge. (escholarship.org)

Nerve sheath lesions studied included traumatic neuroma (5 cases), schwannoma (10 cases), neurofibroma (14 cases), perineurioma (3 cases), conventional MPNST (7 cases), and MPNST with perineurial differentiation (4 cases). (nature.com)

We have read with interest this article by the Nakanishi group, which provides evidence for a role of peripheral Cathepsin S in the generation of neuropathic pain. (jneurosci.org)
We are pleased to note that this study confirmed our observations as indeed we were the first authors to report on the therapeutic potential of peripheral and central CatS inhibition for the treatment of neuropathic pain (Barclay et al. (jneurosci.org)
However, previous experiments using TRPM2-KO mice did not determine whether TRPM2 expressed in peripheral immune cells or spinal microglia is more relevant to neuropathic pain. (lckinhibitor.com)
The present study further explored the role of TRPM2 expressed in peripheral 23977191 immune cells in neuropathic pain by generating bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice by crossing wildtype (WT) and TRPM2-KO mice with green fluorescence protein-positive (GFP+) BM transplantation. (lckinhibitor.com)

All participants reported using peripheral nerve stimulators and/or clinical assessment such as head tilt, spontaneous breathing, etc. as their usual method for assessment of neuromuscular blockade, as well as all having had an episode with a patient experiencing residual neuromuscular blockade. (ecu.edu)

Here, we present a case of severe chronic PHI successfully treated with supraorbital nerve block using a high concentration of tetracaine dissolved in bupivacaine. (springeropen.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Peripheral nerves in chronic liver diseases. (who.int)
Das PK, Parida RK, Sahu RN, Das S. Peripheral nerves in chronic liver diseases. (who.int)

Cite this: Lipofibromatous Hamartoma and Related Peripheral Nerve Lesions - Medscape - Aug 01, 2000. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, CD34-positive cells are frequently observed in nerve sheath lesions, but the nature of the positive cells remains to be clarified ( 10 ). (nature.com)
To clarify these issues, we studied the expression of immunohistochemical markers specific to nerve sheath cells in various nerve sheath lesions. (nature.com)

Bioassay using nerve tissues obtained from bovine spongiform encephalopathy JP24 prion-inoculated cattle. (cdc.gov)
Inocula from selected tissues-obex (A), sciatic nerve (B), adrenal gland (C), branchial nerve plexus (D), and vagus nerve cervical part (E)-were prepared from cattle euthanized at 10 (code 8515, circle), 12 (code 498, square), and 16 (code 5566, triangle) months postinoculation were and inoculated intracerebrally into mice transgenic for bovine prion protein. (cdc.gov)
They develop a fully disseminated disease which involves their internal organs as well as their nerves, and they can manifest massive numbers of bacilli in their tissues. (cdc.gov)
This procedure is useful in mapping the functional part of the nerve tissues in lesion removal surgeries for epileptic seizures. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)

Neurofibroma is a benign neoplasm of the peripheral nerve, which occurs as multiple tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or as a solitary tumour with no association with NF1. (medicaljournals.se)

DISCUSSION: MRN-DTI evaluation of sciatic and tibial nerves improves the detection of nerve abnormalities in patients with CMT1A. (au.dk)

A neurofibroma might arise from several nerve bundles and tends to cause mild symptoms. (middlesexhealth.org)

Another 5 rats underwent tibial nerve resection without implantation of MEA. (thno.org)

The longer the patient is in the Trendelenburg position, the greater the risk of peripheral nerve damage. (lww.com)

In normal nerves and neuromas, perineuriums were positive for Glut1 as well as for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and there were some CD34-positive fibroblast-like cells in the endoneurium. (nature.com)

These methods can be categorized into neuraxial local analgesics and opioids, peripheral nerve blocks, and wound infiltration. (medscape.com)
Nerve blocks are performed with needles that are placed in the vicinity of the painful nerve with the help of ultrasound or x-ray (fluoroscopy) imaging. (nuraclinics.com)
Pain doctors may sometime use peripheral nerve blocks to diagnosis the true source for pain. (nuraclinics.com)
Nerve blocks of the occipital nerve may help determine if headache is coming from the brain or from a problem outside the skull. (nuraclinics.com)
Peripheral nerve blocks are non-operative outpatient procedures that may provide relief lasting anywhere from a few weeks or months to years depending on the specific condition. (nuraclinics.com)
Peripheral/ regional nerve blocks have shown to be effective in managing myogenous pain conditions. (researchwithrutgers.com)
The twin block is a nerve block that blocks both the masseteric and the anterior deep temporal nerves. (researchwithrutgers.com)
There is a constant effort to improve pain management while decreasing opioid consumption, and peripheral nerve blocks are a safe and effective way to achieve these two goals. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Regional anesthesia is broken down into neuraxial blocks, which focus on the spinal cord and nerve roots within the thecal sac, and peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs), where local anesthetics are used to provide analgesia to peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)

All three patients had a painless soft tissue mass of the wrist and/or hand, which followed nerve distribution, and only one patient had neurologic symptoms due to compression. (medscape.com)
Symptoms of nerve damage usually develop slowly, so it's important to notice your symptoms early so you can take action to prevent it from getting more serious. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms depend on the type of nerve damage you have and which nerves are affected. (cdc.gov)
These are all symptoms of peripheral nerve damage. (cdc.gov)
What are the symptoms of peripheral nerve disorders? (medlineplus.gov)
Treatment for symptoms depends on the type of peripheral nerve disorder you have, where it is, and how severe. (medlineplus.gov)
So we want to follow up with some of those patients who have lingering nerve symptoms and learn about what is causing their pain so that we can better diagnose and treat these patients moving forward. (futurity.org)

In the spinal cord, glial cells such as microglia and astrocytes receive signals from the injured peripheral neurons and become activated, which cause the generation of synaptic facilitation and enhanced responsiveness ofnociceptive dorsal horn neurons (central sensitization) [3]. (lckinhibitor.com)
Entering the foot posterior to the lateral malleolus, this nerve supplies the lateral aspect of the foot, including the lateral fifth digit, via the lateral dorsal cutaneus nerve. (medscape.com)

However, there is little literature that describes the exact location, anatomy and physiology of these nerves to highlight their potential as a donor graft. (whiterose.ac.uk)
This finding could extend to the suggestion that due to the similarities in anatomy to human nerve, porcine nerves may have utility as a nerve graft providing guidance and support to regenerating axons. (whiterose.ac.uk)

perineurial MPNST, 4 cases), expression of several markers specific to nerve sheath cells, including glucose transporter protein 1 (Glut1) and CD34, were immunohistochemically investigated with highly sensitive detection methods. (nature.com)
MPNST forms in the cells around nerves. (cdc.gov)

It is very important to avoid damage the nerve itself. (massgeneral.org)
The descriptions of the course and relations of nerves of cutaneous sensation in the lower limb and of the nerves of the abdominal wall is particularly good and of direct relevance in the treatment of patients who have had accidental damage to those nerves. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Reanimation after three hours of hypothermic cardiac arrest using ECLS was possible with no or, if present, minor damage to the two nerves tested. (aau.dk)
Nerve damage is one possible complication from having high blood sugar levels for a long time. (cdc.gov)
Half of all people with diabetes have nerve damage. (cdc.gov)
There are four main types of nerve damage. (cdc.gov)
Peripheral nerve damage affects your hands, feet, legs, and arms, and it's the most common type of nerve damage for people with diabetes. (cdc.gov)
Keeping your blood sugar as close to your target range as possible is the best way to help prevent or delay nerve damage. (cdc.gov)
It's important to treat any conditions that are causing nerve damage. (medlineplus.gov)
We have recently found that the ability of paclitaxel to cause damage to peripheral nerves is dependent on the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), OATP1B2. (cancer.gov)
And it's this nerve damage that underlies the gross pathology and deformity that we sometimes associate with leprosy. (cdc.gov)
Approximately 400 lawsuits have been filed against Bayer HealthCare and Janssen Pharmaceuticals by people who experienced nerve damage after taking antibiotics. (schmidtlaw.com)
Thank you for visiting our informational page regarding Cipro Nerve Damage claims. (johnfoy.com)
At this time we are no longer accepting cases regarding Cipro Nerve Damage cases . (johnfoy.com)
Does Cipro cause nerve damage? (johnfoy.com)
The link between Cipro and nerve damage has been known for decades, but not surprisingly, the manufacturer has been slow to respond or issue warnings. (johnfoy.com)
A couple of years later, postal workers who had taken the drug sued the drug's manufacturer for failing to warn them that they could develop nerve and tendon damage. (johnfoy.com)
The federal Food and Drug Administration issued its first warnings about Cipro and other fluoroquinalones in 2008, but it was not until 2013 that the FDA required a boxed warning that specifically advised patients of the risk of nerve damage. (johnfoy.com)
What kind of nerve damage can you get after taking Cipro? (johnfoy.com)

A single ANF is modeled as a network of two exponential integrateand-fire point-neuron models, referred to as peripheral and central axons of the ANF. (dtu.dk)
Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. (bvsalud.org)

This lesion is composed of fibrous and fatty tissue that infiltrates peripheral nerves, typically on the volar aspect of the upper extremities of children and young adults. (medscape.com)
Moreover, the treatment with serotoninergic agents normalized the concentrations of beta-endorphin, suggesting a role of the serotoninergic system in the decrease of the peptide that follows the lesion of peripheral nerves. (elsevier.com)
Radiofrequency Ablation is an outpatient procedure that creates a nerve lesion by application of localized heat. (wakespine.com)
When the lesion is placed over a painful nerve, pain signals are interrupted and pain perception by the brain is decreased. (wakespine.com)

Anatomy80

Organisms11

Diseases67

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science1

Health Care2

Gabapentin suppresses ectopic nerve discharges and reverses allodynia in neuropathic rats. (1/1775)

Differential distribution of three members of a gene family encoding low voltage-activated (T-type) calcium channels. (2/1775)

Characterization of the transmembrane molecular architecture of the dystroglycan complex in schwann cells. (3/1775)

Analysis of optical signals evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in rat somatosensory cortex: dynamic changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. (4/1775)

The distribution of ganglioside-like moieties in peripheral nerves. (5/1775)

Salinomycin-induced polyneuropathy in cats: morphologic and epidemiologic data. (6/1775)

Neurotrophin modulation of the monosynaptic reflex after peripheral nerve transection. (7/1775)

Relationships between lead absorption and peripheral nerve conduction velocities in lead workers. (8/1775)

Peripheral Nerves

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Sciatic Nerve

Nerve Sheath Neoplasms

Nerve Regeneration

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms

Schwann Cells

Nerve Crush

Nerve Fibers

Peripheral Nervous System

Sural Nerve

Tibial Nerve

Neural Conduction

Sciatic Neuropathy

Nerve Block

Median Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Optic Nerve

Spinal Nerves

Axons

Neurofibroma

Myelin Sheath

Femoral Nerve

Facial Nerve

Spinal Nerve Roots

Nerve Tissue

Ganglia, Spinal

Neurofibromatosis 1

Neuralgia

Nerve Endings

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Neurilemmoma

Wallerian Degeneration

Radial Nerve

Axotomy

Nerve Fibers, Myelinated

Neurons, Afferent

Nerve Growth Factors

Spinal Cord

Diabetic Neuropathies

Nerve Growth Factor

Peroneal Nerve

Trigeminal Nerve

Motor Neurons

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Electric Stimulation

Cranial Nerves

Facial Nerve Injuries

Neuritis

Trauma, Nervous System

Myelin P0 Protein

Phrenic Nerve

Neuroma

Guided Tissue Regeneration

Hyperalgesia

Brachial Plexus

Sensory Receptor Cells

Immunohistochemistry

Nerve Degeneration

Peripheral Vascular Diseases

Denervation

Ranvier's Nodes

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Demyelinating Diseases

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Ophthalmic Nerve

Myelin Proteins

Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated

Polyneuropathies

Mandibular Nerve

Optic Nerve Injuries

Disease Models, Animal

Cats

Electromyography

Pain

S100 Proteins

Action Potentials

Cells, Cultured

Afferent Pathways