Intellectual Disability: Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)Mentally Disabled Persons: Persons diagnosed as having significantly lower than average intelligence and considerable problems in adapting to everyday life or lacking independence in regard to activities of daily living.Disability Evaluation: Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.Intellectual Property: Property, such as patents, trademarks, and copyright, that results from creative effort. The Patent and Copyright Clause (Art. 1, Sec. 8, cl. 8) of the United States Constitution provides for promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (From Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed, p1014)Disabled Persons: Persons with physical or mental disabilities that affect or limit their activities of daily living and that may require special accommodations.Developmental Disabilities: Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)Mental Retardation, X-Linked: A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).Facies: The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Intelligence: The ability to learn and to deal with new situations and to deal effectively with tasks involving abstractions.Residential Facilities: Long-term care facilities which provide supervision and assistance in activities of daily living with medical and nursing services when required.Intelligence Tests: Standardized tests that measure the present general ability or aptitude for intellectual performance.Genes, X-Linked: Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.Haploinsufficiency: A copy number variation that results in reduced GENE DOSAGE due to any loss-of-function mutation. The loss of heterozygosity is associated with abnormal phenotypes or diseased states because the remaining gene is insufficient.Autistic Disorder: A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)Learning Disorders: Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.Down Syndrome: A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)Fragile X Syndrome: A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)Child Development Disorders, Pervasive: Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.Adaptor Protein Complex 4: An adaptor protein complex involved in transport of molecules between the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK and the endosomal-lysosomal system.Insurance, Disability: Insurance designed to compensate persons who lose wages because of illness or injury; insurance providing periodic payments that partially replace lost wages, salary, or other income when the insured is unable to work because of illness, injury, or disease. Individual and group disability insurance are two types of such coverage. (From Facts on File Dictionary of Health Care Management, 1988, p207)Education of Intellectually Disabled: The teaching or training of those individuals with subnormal intellectual functioning.Abnormalities, MultipleFragile X Mental Retardation Protein: A RNA-binding protein that is found predominately in the CYTOPLASM. It helps regulate GENETIC TRANSLATION in NEURONS and is absent or under-expressed in FRAGILE X SYNDROME.Disabled Children: Children with mental or physical disabilities that interfere with usual activities of daily living and that may require accommodation or intervention.Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.Communication Disorders: Disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication caused by receptive or expressive LANGUAGE DISORDERS, cognitive dysfunction (e.g., MENTAL RETARDATION), psychiatric conditions, and HEARING DISORDERS.Exome: That part of the genome that corresponds to the complete complement of EXONS of an organism or cell.Institutionalization: The caring for individuals in institutions and their adaptation to routines characteristic of the institutional environment, and/or their loss of adaptation to life outside the institution.Epilepsy: A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Communication Aids for Disabled: Equipment that provides mentally or physically disabled persons with a means of communication. The aids include display boards, typewriters, cathode ray tubes, computers, and speech synthesizers. The output of such aids includes written words, artificial speech, language signs, Morse code, and pictures.Chromosomes, Human, X: The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.Comparative Genomic Hybridization: A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.Segmental Duplications, Genomic: Low-copy (2-50) repetitive DNA elements that are highly homologous and range in size from 1000 to 400,000 base pairs.Sexuality: The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. Sexuality, male or female, becomes evident at PUBERTY under the influence of gonadal steroids (TESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL), and social effects.Syndrome: A characteristic symptom complex.Microcephaly: A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)Education, Special: Education of the individual who markedly deviates intellectually, physically, socially, or emotionally from those considered to be normal, thus requiring special instruction.Western Australia: A state in western Australia. Its capital is Perth. It was first visited by the Dutch in 1616 but the English took possession in 1791 and permanent colonization began in 1829. It was a penal settlement 1850-1888, became part of the colonial government in 1886, and was granted self government in 1890. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1329)Prenatal Injuries: Damages to the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN or the FETUS before BIRTH. Damages can be caused by any factors including biological, chemical, or physical.Milieu Therapy: A treatment program based on manipulation of the patient's environment by the medical staff. The patient does not participate in planning the treatment regimen.Chromosome Duplication: An aberration in which an extra chromosome or a chromosomal segment is made.Genetic Diseases, X-Linked: Genetic diseases that are linked to gene mutations on the X CHROMOSOME in humans (X CHROMOSOME, HUMAN) or the X CHROMOSOME in other species. Included here are animal models of human X-linked diseases.Human Characteristics: The fundamental dispositions and traits of humans. (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)DNA Copy Number Variations: Stretches of genomic DNA that exist in different multiples between individuals. Many copy number variations have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease.Metabolism, Inborn Errors: Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins: A family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that facilitate NEUROTRANSMITTER reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. They may play a role in regulating the intensity and duration of neurotransmission.Consanguinity: The magnitude of INBREEDING in humans.Muscle Hypotonia: A diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.Patents as Topic: Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.Mortality, Premature: Deaths that occur before LIFE EXPECTANCY is reached within a given population.Caregivers: Persons who provide care to those who need supervision or assistance in illness or disability. They may provide the care in the home, in a hospital, or in an institution. Although caregivers include trained medical, nursing, and other health personnel, the concept also refers to parents, spouses, or other family members, friends, members of the clergy, teachers, social workers, fellow patients.Cognition Disorders: Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn: Brain disorders resulting from inborn metabolic errors, primarily from enzymatic defects which lead to substrate accumulation, product reduction, or increase in toxic metabolites through alternate pathways. The majority of these conditions are familial, however spontaneous mutation may also occur in utero.Group Homes: Housing for groups of patients, children, or others who need or desire emotional or physical support. They are usually established as planned, single housekeeping units in residential dwellings that provide care and supervision for small groups of residents, who, although unrelated, live together as a family.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Pedigree: The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Motor Skills Disorders: Marked impairments in the development of motor coordination such that the impairment interferes with activities of daily living. (From DSM-V)Smith-Magenis Syndrome: Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by distinctive facial features (FACIES), developmental delay and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Behavioral phenotypes include sleep disturbance, maladaptive, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors. The sleep disturbance is linked to an abnormal circadian secretion pattern of MELATONIN. The syndrome is associated with de novo deletion or mutation and HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY of the retinoic acid-induced 1 protein on chromosome 17p11.2.SyriaPhenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Genes, Recessive: Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.Pensions: Fixed sums paid regularly to individuals.Self-Injurious Behavior: Behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation.Williams Syndrome: A disorder caused by hemizygous microdeletion of about 28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, including the ELASTIN gene. Clinical manifestations include SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS; MENTAL RETARDATION; elfin facies; impaired visuospatial constructive abilities; and transient HYPERCALCEMIA in infancy. The condition affects both sexes, with onset at birth or in early infancy.De Lange Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by growth retardation, severe MENTAL RETARDATION, short stature, a low-pitched growling cry, brachycephaly, low-set ears, webbed neck, carp mouth, depressed nasal bridge, bushy eyebrows meeting at the midline, hirsutism, and malformations of the hands. The condition may occur sporadically or be associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance or duplication of the long arm of chromosome 3. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p231)Language Development Disorders: Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected level for a given age, generally in the absence of an intellectual impairment. These conditions may be associated with DEAFNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; or environmental factors.Clopenthixol: A thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.Craniofacial Abnormalities: Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.Child Behavior Disorders: Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.Wechsler Scales: Tests designed to measure intellectual functioning in children and adults.IsraelMicrognathism: Abnormally small jaw.Social Behavior: Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.Human Rights: The rights of the individual to cultural, social, economic, and educational opportunities as provided by society, e.g., right to work, right to education, and right to social security.Brain Injury, Chronic: Conditions characterized by persistent brain damage or dysfunction as sequelae of cranial trauma. This disorder may result from DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; BRAIN EDEMA; and other conditions. Clinical features may include DEMENTIA; focal neurologic deficits; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; AKINETIC MUTISM; or COMA.Foot Deformities, Congenital: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot occurring at or before birth.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Chromosome Deletion: Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.Rare Diseases: A large group of diseases which are characterized by a low prevalence in the population. They frequently are associated with problems in diagnosis and treatment.Health Facility Administrators: Managerial personnel responsible for implementing policy and directing the activities of health care facilities such as nursing homes.Hand Deformities, Congenital: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the hand occurring at or before birth.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Parents: Persons functioning as natural, adoptive, or substitute parents. The heading includes the concept of parenthood as well as preparation for becoming a parent.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Child Development: The continuous sequential physiological and psychological maturing of an individual from birth up to but not including ADOLESCENCE.Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Social Adjustment: Adaptation of the person to the social environment. Adjustment may take place by adapting the self to the environment or by changing the environment. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996)Health Status: The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Rett Syndrome: An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.Homozygote: An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.Sex Chromosome Disorders: Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS), in which there is extra or missing sex chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment).Kelp: Large, robust forms of brown algae (PHAEOPHYCEAE) in the order Laminariales. They are a major component of the lower intertidal and sublittoral zones on rocky coasts in temperate and polar waters. Kelp, a kind of SEAWEED, usually refers to species in the genera LAMINARIA or MACROCYSTIS, but the term may also be used for species in FUCUS or Nereocystis.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Prader-Willi Syndrome: An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)Health Services Needs and Demand: Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.Queensland: A state in northeastern Australia. Its capital is Brisbane. Its coast was first visited by Captain Cook in 1770 and its first settlement (penal) was located on Moreton Bay in 1824. The name Cooksland was first proposed but honor to Queen Victoria prevailed. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p996 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p441)Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.Chromosome Breakpoints: The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred.Spasms, Infantile: An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)Seizures: Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.Psychiatric Status Rating Scales: Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.Mutation, Missense: A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Needs Assessment: Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed.Dendritic Spines: Spiny processes on DENDRITES, each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending (NERVE ENDINGS). They are commonly found on PURKINJE CELLS and PYRAMIDAL CELLS.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.United StatesGenetic Association Studies: The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Adaptation, Psychological: A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15: A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Communication: The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Genetic Testing: Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.Mental Health Services: Organized services to provide mental health care.Cost of Illness: The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Socialization: The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and social controls, which enables him to become a member of a particular society.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Prejudice: A preconceived judgment made without factual basis.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Interpersonal Relations: The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.Social Security: Government sponsored social insurance programs.Achievement: Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Behavior Therapy: The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Chromosome Disorders: Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Parenting: Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Delivery of Health Care: The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.Great BritainMobility Limitation: Difficulty in walking from place to place.Mental Health: The state wherein the person is well adjusted.Interviews as Topic: Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.Housing: Living facilities for humans.Rehabilitation, Vocational: Training of the mentally or physically disabled in work skills so they may be returned to regular employment utilizing these skills.EnglandLife Expectancy: Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.Personality Assessment: The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16: A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.Gene Duplication: Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: The World Health Organization's classification categories of health and health-related domains. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) consists of two lists: a list of body functions and structure, and a list of domains of activity and participation. The ICF also includes a list of environmental factors.Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Parent-Child Relations: The interactions between parent and child.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Sex Offenses: Any violation of established legal or moral codes in respect to sexual behavior.LondonSchizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.Community Mental Health Services: Diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive mental health services provided for individuals in the community.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Health Services Accessibility: The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)Aggression: Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.Employment: The state of being engaged in an activity or service for wages or salary.Low Back Pain: Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.Employment, Supported: Paid work for mentally or physically disabled persons, taking place in regular or normal work settings. It may be competitive employment (work that pays minimum wage) or employment with subminimal wages in individualized or group placement situations. It is intended for persons with severe disabilities who require a range of support services to maintain employment. Supported employment differs from SHELTERED WORKSHOPS in that work in the latter takes place in a controlled working environment. Federal regulations are authorized and administered by the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders: Cognitive disorders including delirium, dementia, and other cognitive disorders. These may be the result of substance use, trauma, or other causes.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Stress, Psychological: Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.Social Support: Support systems that provide assistance and encouragement to individuals with physical or emotional disabilities in order that they may better cope. Informal social support is usually provided by friends, relatives, or peers, while formal assistance is provided by churches, groups, etc.Hyperprolactinemia: Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)Marriage: The social institution involving legal and/or religious sanction whereby individuals are joined together.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Mood Disorders: Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
NFPA - Teaching people with intellectual disabilities about fire safety
Community-Based Medicaid Funding for People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Antipsychotics inappropriately prescribed to people with intellectual disabilities | EurekAlert! Science News
Festival celebrates creativity of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities
Quality of Life Benefits of Urban Rooftop Gardening for People With Intellectual Disabilities or Mental Health Disorders
Using Medicaid Data to Characterize Persons with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Five U.S. States | CDC
An international comparison of care for people with intellectual disabilities - SCP
The Tech-Aid Institute and People with Intellectual Disabilities
Risperidone for ADHD in people with intellectual disabilities | Cochrane
Siblings of People With Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities | The Arc
Justice for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. | National Rehabilitation Information Center
End-of-life Decision-Making for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Changing The Landscape Of Health For People With Intellectual Disabilities - Special Needs Resource
Assessment and Treatment of PTSD in People with Intellectual Disabilities | SpringerLink
Policy Research Brief: Behavioral Outcomes of Deinstitutionalization for People with Intellectual Disabilities
Anxiety and Depression in People with Intellectual Disabilities | Pavilion Publishing
Community Living and Participation for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Self-determination and self-advocacy for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities | National Rehabilitation...
Impact Newsletter: Feature Issue on Sexuality and People with Intellectual, Developmental and Other Disabilities
Blog | Page 4 | Mosaic - Serving People with Intellectual Disabilities
What We Do | Mosaic - Serving People with Intellectual Disabilities
Quality Mall Product: Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disabilities Encouraging I...
Aging, Retirement, and End of Life for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities | National Rehabilitation...
Lifestyle related risk factors for poor health in residential settings for people with intellectual disabilities
Mental illness, challenging behaviour, and psychotropic drug prescribing in people with intellectual disability: UK population...
NIH-funded effort may help people with intellectual disability participate in clinical studies - Special Needs Resource
A win for the social inclusion of a person with intellectual disabilities
Developmental disabilityPrevalenceAbstractCerebral palsyCarersChallenging behavior2020Severe and profound intellectualCentersBorderline intellectual disabilityDiagnostic Manual-Intellectual DisabilityImpairmentAdministration on DevelopmeAutism and intellectualLearning disabilities with behaviouCare for people with intellectual disabilitiesProfound intellectual disabilitySexualityPsychiatric disordersSexually assaultedLife-expectancyCaregiversOlder people with intellectual2016ResearchDepressionOutcomesExploratoryField of intellectual disabilityAdults with intellectual disabilityDementiaAcademics and studentsAmong peopleBehaviourJournal1999Rates of sexual assaultIntellectuallyResearchersCharacterised by limitations in intellectualPhysical inactivityBarriers
Developmental disability12
- A developmental disability occurs when a child does not meet the developmental milestones expected for his or her age. (nfpa.org)
- However, when a child is consistently delayed and does not catch up with the milestones of peers, a developmental disability is the term used. (nfpa.org)
- Often there is an overlap in the type of developmental disability a person has. (nfpa.org)
- Remember, it is common for a person with a developmental disability to have more than one disability. (nfpa.org)
- Faith Cowan, a woman who has an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD), said she has always been a fan of the cinema. (kivitv.com)
- An article in the American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities used Medicaid data from 2008-2013 to identify and describe people with intellectual or developmental disability (IDD) in five states (Delaware, Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, and South Carolina). (cdc.gov)
- The role of a sibling in the life of a person with an intellectual and developmental disability (I/DD) is as complex as it is meaningful. (thearc.org)
- Four checklists for psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability were used: the Reiss Screen, the Mini Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Developmental Disability, Mini PAS-ADD, the Diagnostic Assessment for the Severely Handicapped-II, DASH-II, and the Assessment of Dual Diagnosis, ADD. (uio.no)
- PIDDs who reside in developmental disability centers routinely receive between 400 and 600 IU of vitamin D a day. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Suboptimal blood vitamin D status are common among certain other groups, including the obese, those with impaired gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin D, those taking anti-epileptic or psychotropic agents, and institutionalized persons, such as those in nursing homes, group homes, and developmental disability centers (less sun exposure). (thefreelibrary.com)
- MONDAY, June 8, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- New research is shining a light on a group particularly vulnerable to the new coronavirus: People with an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD), cared for either by family at home or in group homes. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The World Health Organisation (WHO) 1 estimates there are as many as 100 million people in the world with intellectual disability (also referred to as mental retardation, developmental disability and mental handicap). (scielosp.org)
Prevalence12
- Cooper S, Smiley E, Morrison J, Williamson A, Allan L. Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors. (springer.com)
- Little information is available on the prevalence and determinants of lifestyle related risk factors for poor health (obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol abuse) among people with intellectual disabilities. (nih.gov)
- This study reports the prevalence of these risk factors for 500 people with intellectual disabilities living in different forms of residential provision in the UK. (nih.gov)
- Twenty percent of the participants were reported to have severe behaviour problems and this corresponded to a prevalence rate of 63.6 people per 100 000 people in the general population when calculated relative to the corresponding age group in the general population. (uio.no)
- 1. Myrbakk, E. & von Tetzchner, S. (2008) The Prevalence of Behavior Problems Among People with Intellectual Disability Living in Community Settings. (uio.no)
- Results - Adults with IDD had a consistently higher prevalence and incidence of diabetes compared to persons without IDD. (ices.on.ca)
- RECENT FINDINGS Recent prevalence studies indicated that chronic pain affects around 15% of people with an intellectual disability. (semanticscholar.org)
- Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in children in general, and it is alarmingly high among people with intellectual developmental disabilities (PIDD or PID). (thefreelibrary.com)
- This paper will present analysis of: self-rated general health status, demographic factors, and prevalence of other disabilities for people with co-morbid autism and ID, as well as people with autism only. (gla.ac.uk)
- The prevalence of intellectual disability is generally estimated to be between 1-3% of the population, 90% of whom may be mildly disabled (IQ above 50) and capable of living and functioning fairly independently with appropriate community support. (scielosp.org)
- Prevalence rates of sexual violence against people with intellectual disabilities are high when compared with the experience of the general population. (wikipedia.org)
- Who is asked about the abuse: reported prevalence and incidence are lower if service managers, staff or case notes are consulted, and higher when people with intellectual disabilities are asked directly. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract1
- Abstract published in Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. (gla.ac.uk)
Cerebral palsy4
- The most common developmental disabilities are autism, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability (the term "intellectual disability" is used to refer to mental retardation and other disabilities that affect intellectual functioning). (nfpa.org)
- Of these Medicaid members, the most frequent IDD diagnoses were Unspecified Intellectual Disability , Autism or Pervasive Developmental Disorder (AU/PDD), and Cerebral Palsy (CP). (cdc.gov)
- People with these types of disabilities include those with Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and other conditions, and the data shows they're significantly more likely to die after contracting COVID-19 than the general public. (brighamandwomens.org)
- About one-third of the roughly 500 IDD patients in the study had an intellectual disability, about 56% had a pervasive and specific developmental disorder, while 18% had cerebral palsy and 21% had a chromosomal abnormality (including 5% with Down syndrome). (brighamandwomens.org)
Carers5
- Practitioners, including IAPT Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners and High Intensity Therapists, carers, academics and students, or anyone affected by intellectual disabilities, anxiety and depression. (pavpub.com)
- The increasing longevity of people with an intellectual disability and concurrent ageing with their older parental carers is generating a problematisation of longterm social care in the community. (apo.org.au)
- The ethic of care normalised in the context of this carescape legitimates the State's limited provision of statutory services and supports for carers and people with disabilities. (apo.org.au)
- The aims were to conduct a content and quality review of research into the acute hospital experiences of both people with intellectual disabilities and their carers, and to identify research gaps. (biomedcentral.com)
- Results Data collected included staff questionnaires (n=990), staff interviews (n=68), interviews with adults with intellectual disabilities (n=33), questionnaires (n=88) and interviews (n=37) with carers of patients with intellectual disabilities, and expert panel discussions (n=42). (bmj.com)
Challenging behavior1
- Barol B, Seubert A. Stepping stones: EMDR treatment of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities and challenging behavior. (springer.com)
20201
- Retrieved 2020-08-10, from https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/cognitive/health-education-id.php - Reference Category Number: DW#239-2702. (disabled-world.com)
Severe and profound intellectual8
- The participants with mild and moderate intellectual disability showed more symptoms of psychosis and depression than the participants with severe and profound intellectual disability. (uio.no)
- Depression was associated with screaming and aggression in the participants with severe and profound intellectual disability, and with self-injury in the participants with mild and moderate intellectual disability. (uio.no)
- Here we talk about the issues which may be experienced by people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities, especially the issue of receiving long term therapy. (austmta.org.au)
- Examples of how music therapy over the long term may help people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities are given. (austmta.org.au)
- This paper will explore how people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities are being served under this scheme with particular reference to music therapy services. (austmta.org.au)
- Despite this, it appears that the ability of adults with severe and profound intellectual disabilities to continue to access music therapy through NDIS plans remains unclear and ad hoc (McFerran, 2016). (austmta.org.au)
- This impacts services to people with intellectual disabilities, specifically those with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. (austmta.org.au)
- Here I argue that long term therapy is an important service for people with severe and profound intellectual disabilities and should be supported by the NDIS. (austmta.org.au)
Centers4
- Training can take place in group homes, day programs for people with developmental disabilities, churches, fire stations, recreation centers, or wherever fire safety classes are taught. (nfpa.org)
- Several members of the Association of University Centers on Disabilities (AUCD) network, along with other professionals from various backgrounds, convened to form the Inclusive Health Project Workgroup to produce Foundational Principles for Sustainable Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disability . (aucd.org)
- This exceptional workgroup, which encompassed of directors and specialists from University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDD), used both their professional and individual experiences in the realm of disabilities/ID to develop the Foundational Principles for Sustainable Inclusion of People with Intellectual Disabilities . (aucd.org)
- Since 2016, he has served as Co-Chair of the Association of University Centers on Disabilities' Council on Leadership and Advocacy. (aucd.org)
Borderline intellectual disability1
- This group are referred to in this report as having a borderline intellectual disability. (scp.nl)
Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability1
- The editors of Diagnostic Manual-Intellectual Disability (DM-ID) have set out to complete the difficult task of compiling the evidence base on mental disorders in the field of intellectual disability (ID) into one reference book while modifying DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for use in persons with the disorder who present with mental and behavioral disorders. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Impairment7
- Findings: The summit noted challenges in the staging of advanced dementia in people with ID with the criteria in measures designed to stage dementia in the general population heavily weighted on notable impairment in activities of daily living. (stir.ac.uk)
- For many people with an ID, there is already dependence in these domains generally related to the individuals pre-existing level of intellectual impairment, that is, totally unrelated to dementia. (stir.ac.uk)
- Summary: The summit recommended an investment in research to more clearly identify measures for ascertaining advanced dementia, inform practice guidelines to aid clinicians and service providers, and identify additional markers that may help signal decline and progression into advanced dementia among people with various levels of pre-existing intellectual impairment. (stir.ac.uk)
- In particular, people with a disability - and especially people with intellectual disability or cognitive impairment - are overrepresented in the Queensland criminal justice system. (endeavour.com.au)
- It's time for us to look at ways to ensure rights are protected in the justice system, particularly for people with intellectual impairment. (endeavour.com.au)
- to see the person before homogenising the impairment. (endeavour.com.au)
- Disability is an umbrella term used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to define impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions caused by a health condition [ 1 ], whether an impairment or a chronic illness. (biomedcentral.com)
Administration on Developme1
- This is a publication of StateData.info, funded in part by the Administration on Developmental Disabilities, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (#90DN0216). (communityinclusion.org)
Autism and intellectual4
- Undoubtedly there will be more and more studies of Autism Spectrum Disorders which will exclude subjects with autism and intellectual disability. (blogspot.com)
- One Italian study has concluded that there is a clear relationship between autism and intellectual disability. (blogspot.com)
- Dunn, K. , Rydzewska, E. , Henderson, A. and Cooper, S.-A. (2016) The health of Scotland's 5,709 people with autism and intellectual disabilities. (gla.ac.uk)
- Aim: Little is known about the self-rated health status of people with co-morbid autism and intellectual disabilities (ID) in whole country populations. (gla.ac.uk)
Learning disabilities with behaviou1
- He led the development of assertive outreach teams and secure services for people with learning disabilities with behaviour and mental health needs. (pavpub.com)
Care for people with intellectual disabilities1
- This is the largest study to date focusing on reasonable adjustments in hospital care for people with intellectual disabilities. (bmj.com)
Profound intellectual disability1
- There were no direct associations between individual behaviour problems and psychiatric disorders, but the group with mild/moderate intellectual disability showed a somewhat different pattern of associations than the group with severe/profound intellectual disability. (uio.no)
Sexuality8
- Katy Park, who runs arts and wellness programs for Momentum - a community service program for people with intellectual disabilities - starts a class on healthy sexuality by asking her students to define what they want in a relationship. (npr.org)
- Those high rates of abuse - which have been an open secret among people with intellectual disabilities, their families and people who work with them - are why Park started this class about healthy relationships and healthy sexuality. (npr.org)
- Azzopardi-Lane, C., & Callus, A. M. (2014).Constructing sexual identities: people with intellectual disability talking about sexuality. (edu.mt)
- This paper presented research undertaken in collaboration with a self-advocacy group using inclusive research methods and puts forward the views of people with intellectual disability on the topics of sexuality and relationships. (edu.mt)
- The paper presents the perceptions of sexuality of the people with intellectual disability and how these are influenced by social and cultural norms. (edu.mt)
- As this Impact issue is about to be published, one of the pioneers in sexuality education for persons with disabilities has just passed away. (umn.edu)
- And groups that represent people with intellectual disabilities and people who teach classes about sexuality for people with disabilities are reporting new interest in trainings. (keranews.org)
- These can include increased vulnerability, questions around ability to consent to sexual activities, differential treatment before the law, social attitudes about intellectual disability and sexuality, and restricted access to suitable support and recovery services. (wikipedia.org)
Psychiatric disorders7
- The present thesis investigates behaviour problems and their relationship to psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability living in the northern part of Norway, as well as the concordances between four of the most commonly used assessment instruments for psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disability. (uio.no)
- The results indicate that psychiatric disorders are prevalent among people with behaviour problems. (uio.no)
- The evaluations of the assessment instruments suggest that the four assessment instruments used in the present project may be useful for identifying such disorders in people with intellectual disability, but the checklists seemed to be most useful as general indicators of psychiatric disorders and of less value for specifying the nature of the disorders. (uio.no)
- 2. Myrbakk, E. & von Tetzchner, S. (2008) Psychiatric disorders and behavior problems in people with intellectual disability. (uio.no)
- DC-LD: Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use With Adults With Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- aim To increase our knowledge about the diagnosing of psychiatric disorders in people with borderline or mild intellectual disabilities. (tijdschriftvoorpsychiatrie.nl)
- method In this article we describe some key considerations in making a diagnosis or a differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in people with an intellectual disability. (tijdschriftvoorpsychiatrie.nl)
Sexually assaulted2
- People with intellectual disabilities are sexually assaulted at a rate more than seven times that for people without disabilities. (npr.org)
- Dick Sobsey, Associate Director of the JP Das Developmental Disabilities Centre and Director of the John Dossetor Health Ethics Centre, found that 80% out of 162 people with developmental and substantial disabilities who had been sexually assaulted had been sexually assaulted more than once. (wikipedia.org)
Life-expectancy1
- However, the increasing life-expectancy of people with intellectual disability and the age-related needs of their parental caregivers is problematizing this social service lacuna. (apo.org.au)
Caregivers2
- Third, a single case study (N=2) will be presented aimed at examining the effects of mindfulness for clients with a visual and intellectual disability and their caregivers. (bartimeus.nl)
- Higher rates of disability means a greater need for paid caregivers, but that presents dangers in the coronavirus era, as well. (brighamandwomens.org)
Older people with intellectual2
- People who show problem behaviours, along with older people with intellectual disability or those with co-existing autism or dementia, are significantly more likely to be given an antipsychotic drug, despite this being against clinical guidelines and risking possible harm. (eurekalert.org)
- The impact of frailty on care intensity in older people with intellectual disabilities. (nih.gov)
20161
- Mr. Brandt was first appointed as a member of the President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities in 2010 and he was appointed Chairman in 2016. (aucd.org)
Research27
- Research evidence does not support using antipsychotics to manage behaviour problems in people with intellectual disabilities. (eurekalert.org)
- Community gardens can improve gardeners' health but no research has focused on quality of life, rooftop gardens, or people with intellectual disability or mental health disorders. (cdc.gov)
- Upon receipt of her Ph.D. from the University of Oregon in 1994, Dr. Wells began working in the realm of research and software development related to people with intellectual disabilities. (disabled-world.com)
- Most of the research into using risperidone for hyperactivity or disruptive behaviour has been performed in people with autism who do not have a clear diagnosis of ADHD. (cochrane.org)
- The meeting aimed to advance a research agenda that influences policy and practice for and with people who have intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). (naric.com)
- The contents of NARIC web site were developed under a contract from the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (contract #GS-06F-0726Z). (naric.com)
- The paper also shows how the inclusive research process itself enabled the people with intellectual disability who took part to articulate their acceptance or resistance of these norms. (edu.mt)
- Yet little research on end-of-life decision-making has been done on the growing population of older Americans with intellectual disabilities, which the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities defines as a disability characterized by significant limitations in learning, reasoning, problem solving, and a collection of conceptual, social and practical skills. (thirdage.com)
- This Policy Research Brief reports the results from a review of 38 published studies that measured behavioral outcomes associated with the movement of people with mental retardation from public institutions to community residential settings. (umn.edu)
- Raghu Raghavan is a reader in the disability and mental health research programme in the School of Health, Community and Education at Northumbria University. (pavpub.com)
- Raghu has developed a strong research profile in learning disability, mental health, and social inclusion. (pavpub.com)
- He has experience of participatory research models and has worked with young people with learning disabilities and their families in promoting inclusion and participation. (pavpub.com)
- The NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery - an assessment of cognitive functioning for adults and children participating in neuroscience research -c an be adapted to people with intellectual disabilities by modifying some test components and making accommodations for the test-takers' disabilities, according to researchers funded by the National Institutes of Health. (eparent.com)
- The authors called for additional research to adapt the battery to people with lower mental ages and to older adults with intellectual disability who may be experiencing cognitive decline or dementia. (eparent.com)
- and Grant #H133B080005 from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), US Department of Education. (umn.edu)
- She cites what is known from research already conducted and areas that still need to be researched, as well as a comprehensive geriatric assessment model that can be used for older people living in the community, with or without developmental disabilities, to age happily in the place of their choosing. (naric.com)
- Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 1, 205-222. (uio.no)
- Research in Developmental Disabilities, 29, 316-332. (uio.no)
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52 (12). (lancs.ac.uk)
- He received the Colorado Award from the Virginia Department of Aging and Rehabilitative Services in 2013, the Participatory Action Research Award from The Arc of the U.S. in 2012, and the Jackie Crews Award for Excellence in Leadership from the Virginia Board for People with Disabilities in 2006. (aucd.org)
- Our review of eligible papers revealed that despite 20 years of research and government initiatives, people with intellectual disability continue to have poor hospital experiences. (biomedcentral.com)
- The need for research to identify and investigate care at specific points of encounter across a hospital journey (such as admission, diagnostic testing, placement on a ward, and discharge) as well as to include people with a diversity of disabilities is discussed in terms of potential to influence policy and practice across health and disability sectors. (biomedcentral.com)
- This context has generated growing research interest into the living conditions of persons with disabilities and their opinions on a variety of aspects, and has prompted the development of public policies to support health, well-being, and inclusion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Nor are they waiting for formal diagnostic revisions to exclude the 75-80% of persons with the currently defined Autistic Disorder who are intellectually disabled from the New Autism Spectrum Disorder when conducting their research. (blogspot.com)
- Differences between the groups of people selected to take part in the research. (wikipedia.org)
- According to research, more than 90% of people with intellectual disabilities will experience some form of sexual abuse at some time in their lives. (wikipedia.org)
- According to research 15,000 to 19,000 people with intellectual disabilities are raped each year in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Depression4
- For example, studies indicate that learning and working around plants improved depressive symptoms, anxiety, sociability, and stress among people with depression or children with intellectual disabilities (11,22-25). (cdc.gov)
- Esbensen A, Benson B. A prospective analysis of life events, problem behaviors and depression in adults with intellectual disability. (springer.com)
- View cart "Anxiety and Depression in People with Intellectual Disabilities" has been added to your cart. (pavpub.com)
- The Anxiety and Depression in People with Intellectual Disabilities handbook focuses on the full range of anxiety and depressive illnesses and interventions, support strategies and approaches to working with this population, including case formulations, psychopharmacological interventions, cognitive therapy, psychodynamic approaches and solution-focused therapy. (pavpub.com)
Outcomes8
- Few studies have explored the potential health benefits of gardening for people with intellectual disabilities or mental health disorders, despite the fact that this population experiences additional limitations to participation and inclusion in urban projects and is more likely than others to have poor health outcomes such as diabetes and obesity (20,21). (cdc.gov)
- However, the literature on the treatment of manifestations of PTSD in people with ID is limited to case reports showing positive outcomes. (springer.com)
- The following topics are addressed specifically: using person-centered and positive support practices, housing, employment, social inclusion and relationships, self-determination and self-advocacy, supported decision making, health and wellness, planning for healthy and engaged aging, practices that promote quality outcomes, and the direct support workforce. (aaidd.org)
- The answers from the health questionnaire did not correspond to the measured outcomes from the physical tests for young people with ID. (diva-portal.org)
- service approaches, individual needs, costs and The book starts by setting out the historical context outcomes, so that effective, equitable and and contemporary trends in public spending for economically sustainable service systems can be disability services in the USA (Chapter 1, RJ Stancliffe & developed. (deepdyve.com)
- The book provides an excellent insight into higher costs, and higher costs are associated with the issues of individualised budgeting for people with better user outcomes (such as quality of life, and disabilities, and a wealth of up-to-date practical choice). (deepdyve.com)
- People with intellectual disability are at risk of poor hospital experiences and outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)
- In Australia, there have been few attempts to compare the experiences and outcomes of hospitalisations among people with intellectual disability to those of the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
Exploratory2
- This exploratory international comparison is concerned mainly with this group and the group with a mild intellectual disability (IQ between 50 and 70). (scp.nl)
- Non-verbal communication between Registered Nurses Intellectual Disability and people with an intellectual disability: An exploratory study of the nurse's experiences. (ul.ie)
Field of intellectual disability2
- We interviewed numerous international experts in the field of intellectual disability care, and also drew on statistics, scientific literature and policy documents. (scp.nl)
- The field of intellectual disability (ID) is strongly influenced by the Quality of Life paradigm (QOL). (ugent.be)
Adults with intellectual disability2
- The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness of risperidone in people (children and adults) with intellectual disability and ADHD. (cochrane.org)
- The questions before the summit were whether there were similarities and differences in expressions of advanced dementia between adults with intellectual disability (ID) and adults in the general population. (stir.ac.uk)
Dementia2
- People with intellectual disability who also had autism or dementia were also more likely to receive an antipsychotic drug, as were older people. (eurekalert.org)
- McCarron M, McCallion P, Watchman K, Janicki MP, Coppus A, Service K, Fortea J, Hogan M, Reilly E & Stemp S (2018) Quality Care for People with Intellectual Disability and Advanced Dementia: Guidance on Service Provision. (stir.ac.uk)
Academics and students1
- Group Homes for People with Intellectual Disabilities is essential reading for anyone working with people with learning or intellectual disabilities in residential services, as well as academics and students of disability studies, social work and health and social care programmes. (dymocks.com.au)
Among people5
- The high rates of sexual assault among people with intellectual disabilities can make romantic relationships difficult. (npr.org)
- Rooftop gardening can be used to promote quality of life among people with intellectual disabilities or mental health disorders. (cdc.gov)
- It is argued that increasing levels of moderate or vigorous physical activity among people with intellectual disabilities would be the single most effective way of improving the health of people with intellectual disabilities. (nih.gov)
- Among people aged 75 and up, there was little disparity in terms of COVID-19 fatalities: About one-fifth of both IDD and non-IDD COVID-19 patients died as a result of the virus. (brighamandwomens.org)
- The percentage is even higher among people with disabilities. (wikipedia.org)
Behaviour11
- Behaviour problems that might be seen in people with intellectual disability include aggression, self-injury, destruction to property and other behaviours outside social norms. (eurekalert.org)
- Many people with intellectual disability and behaviour disturbance have complex needs and other interventions, such as looking at the support people receive and their communication needs, should be prioritised. (eurekalert.org)
- Risperidone is a 'newer' atypical antipsychotic medication, prescribed to people with ID for many reasons, including disruptive behaviour, ADHD and psychosis. (cochrane.org)
- He has expertise in supporting people with behaviour and mental health needs, inclusive approaches to care, social networks, and frontline and professional staff development. (pavpub.com)
- Objectives To describe the incidence of recorded mental illness and challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disability in UK primary care and to explore the prescription of psychotropic drugs in this group. (bmj.com)
- During follow-up, the rate of new cases of mental illness in people without a history at cohort entry was 262 (95% confidence interval 254 to 271) per 10 000 person years and the rate of challenging behaviour was 239 (231 to 247) per 10 000 person years. (bmj.com)
- Antipsychotics are often prescribed to people without recorded severe mental illness but who have a record of challenging behaviour. (bmj.com)
- In addition, a significant proportion of people with intellectual disability display challenging behaviour, also known as behaviour that challenges or problem behaviours-that is, behaviour of an intensity, frequency, or duration that threatens the physical safety of the person or others or restricts access to community facilities. (bmj.com)
- Concern has existed for many years that psychotropic drugs in general and antipsychotics in particular are overused in people with intellectual disability and might often be prescribed for challenging behaviour in itself rather than for diagnosed mental illness, despite lack of evidence of efficacy. (bmj.com)
- On the average, people showing challenging behaviour had seven behaviours rated as severe problems. (uio.no)
- People with severe behaviour problems were less likely to have friends and were perceived to be significantly less satisfied with their life-situation than people without severe behaviour problems. (uio.no)
Journal2
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43(1), 32-37. (edu.mt)
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities , 20(2) pp. 137-151. (open.ac.uk)
19993
- In the United States, this policy has produced dramatic reductions in the census at large state-operated institutions (from 154,638 people in 1977 to 52,488 in 1998) (Prouty & Lakin, 1999). (umn.edu)
- An additional seven states (AK, AZ, CO, HI, ME, MT, NM) serve more than 90% of all persons with intellectual disabilities receiving residential supports in settings with 15 or fewer residents (Prouty & Lakin, 1999). (umn.edu)
- Despite the enormous changes that have occurred over the past 20 years, however, there were in June 1998 still 89,348 people with intellectual disabilities living in private or public residential institutions and an estimated 24,144 living in nursing homes in 1998 (Prouty & Lakin, 1999). (umn.edu)
Rates of sexual assault1
- Earlier this year, NPR reported that people with intellectual disabilities are victims of some of the highest rates of sexual assault. (keranews.org)
Intellectually2
- Intellectually disability affects a person's ability to acquire new information and understand concepts like reading, writing, or using math. (nfpa.org)
- Medical models of disability emphasise risks connected with the person's disability, while social models of disability focus on risks caused by the socially-created environment of the intellectually disabled person. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers4
- The researchers found that about 11.4 million people were insured through Medicaid in these states, and about 1 in 35 were found to have IDD, ranging from 1 in 42 in New York to 1 in 24 in South Carolina. (cdc.gov)
- Through a series of interviews with five different emergency medical service agencies in upstate New York, the researchers asked EMS providers specifically how forms like the MOLST shape what they do in the case of someone with an intellectual disability. (thirdage.com)
- Families are the largest 'providers' of care for information that policy makers and researchers will people with disabilities in most countries. (deepdyve.com)
- I would recommend that all researchers use this diagnostic manual when studying mental health and behavioral problems in persons with ID. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Characterised by limitations in intellectual2
- Intellectual disability is a lifelong condition that begins before the age of 18 and is characterised by limitations in intellectual functioning (generally indicated by an IQ under 70) and difficulties with one or more life skills. (eurekalert.org)
- Intellectual disability is not a medical disorder, but rather a state of functioning characterised by limitations in intellectual ability and adaptive skills from childhood. (scielosp.org)
Physical inactivity1
- Adults with intellectual disabilities have slightly higher rates of obesity, physical inactivity and preventable chronic diseases. (disabled-world.com)
Barriers6
- He is working to increase the understanding and awareness of the public about the barriers that people with intellectual disabilities face when seeking quality health care and education. (eparent.com)
- Aims - Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are a vulnerable population with significant health issues and barriers to health care. (ices.on.ca)
- There may be many barriers and problems, but if you do not take responsibility for yourself and your own decisions then you will drift - waiting for other people to take charge. (centreforwelfarereform.org)
- Queensland Anti-Discrimination Commissior Kevin Cocks, today told symposium participants, there was a challenge to dismantle the barriers, for people with intellectual disabilities to be treated equally before the law and have equal access to justice. (endeavour.com.au)
- Major barriers included: lack of effective systems for identifying and flagging patients with intellectual disabilities, lack of staff understanding of the reasonable adjustments that may be needed, lack of clear lines of responsibility and accountability for implementing reasonable adjustments, and lack of allocation of additional funding and resources. (bmj.com)
- People with intellectual disabilities remain among the most vulnerable members of society and often face many barriers to healthcare. (scielosp.org)