Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (C5H11OH).

Characterization of a Pseudomonas putida allylic alcohol dehydrogenase induced by growth on 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. (1/174)

We have been working to develop an enzymatic assay for the alcohol 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (232-MB), which is produced and emitted by certain pines. To this end we have isolated the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida MB-1, which uses 232-MB as a sole carbon source. Strain MB-1 contains inducible 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (321-MB) and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al dehydrogenases, suggesting that 232-MB is metabolized by isomerization to 321-MB followed by oxidation. 321-MB dehydrogenase was purified to near-homogeneity and found to be a tetramer (151 kDa) with a subunit mass of 37,700 Da. It catalyzes NAD+-dependent, reversible oxidation of 321-MB to 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al. The optimum pH for the oxidation reaction was 10.0, while that for the reduction reaction was 5.4. 321-MB dehydrogenase oxidized a wide variety of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols but exhibited the highest catalytic specificity with allylic or benzylic substrates, including 321-MB, 3-chloro-2-buten-1-ol, and 3-aminobenzyl alcohol. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme contained a region of 64% identity with the TOL plasmid-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase of P. putida. The latter enzyme and the chromosomally encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were also found to catalyze 321-MB oxidation. These findings suggest that 321-MB dehydrogenase and other bacterial benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases are broad-specificity allylic and benzylic alcohol dehydrogenases that, in conjunction with a 232-MB isomerase, might be useful in an enzyme-linked assay for 232-MB.  (+info)

A physiological model for tert-amyl methyl ether and tert-amyl alcohol: hypothesis testing of model structures. (2/174)

The oxygenate tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) is a gasoline fuel additive used to reduce carbon monoxide in automobile emissions. To evaluate the relative health risk of TAME as a gasoline additive, information is needed on its pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The objective of this study was to use a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe the disposition of TAME and its major metabolite, tert-amyl alcohol (TAA), in male Fischer-344 rats. The model compartments for TAME and TAA were flow-limited. The TAME physiological model had 6 compartments: lung, liver, rapidly perfused tissues, slowly perfused tissues, fat, and kidney. The TAA model had 3 compartments: lung, liver, and total-body water. The 2 models were linked through metabolism of TAME to TAA in the liver. Model simulations were compared with data on blood concentrations of TAME and TAA taken from male Fischer-344 rats during and after a 6-hour inhalation exposure to 2500, 500, or 100 ppm TAME. The PBPK model predicted TAME pharmacokinetics when 2 saturable pathways for TAME oxidation were included. The TAA model, which included pathways for oxidation and glucuronide conjugation of TAA, underpredicted the experimental data collected at later times postexposure. To account for biological processes occurring during this time, three hypotheses were developed: nonspecific binding of TAA, diffusion-limited transport of TAA, and enterohepatic circulation of TAA glucuronide. These hypotheses were tested using three different model structures. Visual inspection and statistical evaluation involving maximum likelihood techniques indicated that the model incorporating nonspecific binding of TAA provided the best fit to the data. A correct model structure, based upon experimental data, statistical analyses, and biological interpretation, will allow a more accurate extrapolation to humans and, consequently, a greater understanding of human risk from exposure to TAME.  (+info)

Odor response properties of rat olfactory receptor neurons. (3/174)

Molecular biology studies of olfaction have identified a multigene family of molecular receptors that are likely to be involved in odor transduction mechanisms. However, because previous functional data on peripheral coding were mainly collected from inferior vertebrates, it has been difficult to document the degree of specificity of odor interaction mechanisms. As a matter of fact, studies of the functional expression of olfactory receptors have not demonstrated the low or high specificity of olfactory receptors. In this study, the selectivity of olfactory receptor neurons was investigated in the rat at the cellular level under physiological conditions by unitary extracellular recordings. Individual olfactory receptor neurons were broadly responsive to qualitatively distinct odor compounds. We conclude that peripheral coding is based on activated arrays of olfactory receptor cells with overlapping tuning profiles.  (+info)

Optical imaging of odorant representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb. (4/174)

We adapted the technique of intrinsic signal imaging to visualize how odorant concentration and structure are represented spatially in the rat olfactory bulb. Most odorants activated one or more glomeruli in the imaged region of the bulb; these optically imaged responses reflected the excitation of underlying neurons. Odorant-evoked patterns were similar across animals and symmetrical in the two bulbs of the same animal. The variable sensitivity of individual glomeruli produced distinct maps for different odorant concentrations. Using a series of homologous aldehydes, we found that glomeruli were tuned to detect particular molecular features and that maps of similar molecules were highly correlated. These characteristics suggest that odorants and their concentrations can be encoded by distinct spatial patterns of glomerular activation.  (+info)

Environmental signals modulate olfactory acuity, discrimination, and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. (5/174)

Caenorhabditis elegans uses a variety of attractive olfactory cues to detect food. We show here that the responses to olfactory cues are regulated in a dynamic way by behavioral context and the animal's previous experience. Prolonged exposure to an odorant leads to a decreased response to that odorant, a form of behavioral plasticity called olfactory adaptation. We show that starvation can increase the extent of olfactory adaptation to the odorant benzaldehyde; this effect of starvation persists for several hours after the animals have been returned to food. The effect of starvation is antagonized by exogenous serotonin, which induces many of the same behavioral responses in C. elegans as are induced by food. Starvation also inhibits recovery from adaptation to a different odorant, 2-methylpyrazine, thus enhancing olfactory memory. In addition to its effects on adaptation, starvation modulates olfactory discrimination in C. elegans; starved animals discriminate more classes of odorants than fed animals. Increased olfactory discrimination is also seen in the adaptation-defective mutant adp-1 (ky20). These various forms of behavioral plasticity enhance the ability of starved animals to respond to novel, potentially informative odorants.  (+info)

Olfactory event-related potentials in young and elderly adults: evaluation of tracking task versus eyes open/closed recording. (6/174)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) elicited by amyl acetate from subjects performing a visuomotor tracking task compared with the no-task conditions of eyes open and eyes closed. Task condition did not produce any reliable effects for any amplitude measure. Task type weakly influenced only P2 latency. Elder adults evinced smaller P2 and N1/P2 amplitudes and longer N1 and P2 latencies than young adults. The results suggest that tracking task performance is not necessary to obtain robust OERPs from normal subjects of a wide age range.  (+info)

Lipid-dependent activation of protein kinase C-alpha by normal alcohols. (7/174)

Significant stimulation of protein kinase C-alpha (PKCalpha) by n-alcohols was observed in characterized lipid systems composed of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine/dioleoylglycerol (PC/PS/DO). The logarithm of the alcohol concentrations to achieve half-maximal PKC stimulation (ED(50)) and of the maximal PKC stimulation by alcohols were both linear functions of alcohol chain length, consistent with the Meyer-Overton effect. Binding of phorbol esters to PKC was not significantly affected by octanol. Octanol increased, up to 4-fold, the affinity of PKC binding to the lipid bilayers in both the absence and presence of DO. However, octanol increased PKC activity much more significantly than it enhanced binding of the enzyme to the lipid bilayers, suggesting that the stimulation of PKC is not merely a reflection of the increase in PKC bilayer binding affinity. (31)P NMR experiments did not reveal formation of non-lamellar phases with octanol. Differential scanning calorimetry suggested that alcohols, like diacylglycerol, induce formation of compositionally distinct domains and the maximal enzyme activity with alcohol resided roughly in the putative domain-coexistence region. These results suggest that alcohols are mimicking diacylglycerol in activating PKC, not by binding to the high affinity phorbol ester binding site, but by altering lipid structure and by enhancing PKC-bilayer binding.  (+info)

Odorants presented to the rat nasal cavity increase cortical blood flow. (8/174)

Complaints about unpleasant environmental odorants, both outdoor and indoor, are increasingly being reported. The main complaints of health symptoms from environmental odorants are eye, nose and throat irritation, headache and drowsiness. Complaints may arise from the stimulation of olfactory receptors or trigeminal chemoreceptors. Stimulation of cerebrovascular nociceptors originating from a branch of the trigeminal nerve may be associated with an increase in cortical blood flow which is thought to be related to headache. Since odorants are reported to elicit headaches, the possibility that odorants may increase cortical blood flow was examined. Cortical blood flow was monitored in rats using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. The flowmeter probe was placed over the left frontal cortex while propionic acid, cyclohexanone, amyl acetate or butanol was delivered to the nasal cavity via an olfactometer. Cortical blood flow increased as the concentration increased for three of the odorants tested. The greatest increase in blood flow occurred to the presentation of propionic acid, followed by cyclohexanone and amyl acetate. There was no response to butanol. These data demonstrate that odorants can alter cerebrovascular blood flow, which may account, in part, for one of the health symptoms reported for odorants.  (+info)

"Pentanols" is not a recognized medical term. However, in chemistry, pentanols refer to a group of alcohols containing five carbon atoms. The general formula for pentanols is C5H12O, and they have various subcategories such as primary, secondary, and tertiary pentanols, depending on the type of hydroxyl (-OH) group attachment to the carbon chain.

In a medical context, alcohols like methanol and ethanol can be toxic and cause various health issues. However, there is no specific medical relevance associated with "pentanols" as a group. If you have any further questions or need information about a specific chemical compound, please let me know!

... , (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an alcohol with five carbon atoms and the molecular formula C5H11OH. 1-Pentanol is ... Pentanol can be used as a solvent for coating CDs and DVDs.[citation needed] Pentanol can be prepared by fractional ... bio-pentanol with fermentation. "n-pentanol - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology ... The ester formed from 1-pentanol and acetic acid is amyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which smells like banana. In ...
... is one of the eight isomers of amyl alcohol. It is found naturally and has a role as a pheromone. 2-Pentanol Lide, ... "3-Pentanol". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-25. v t e (Articles without KEGG source, Articles with changed EBI ...
... and (S)-(+)-2-pentanol. 2-Pentanol has been detected in fresh bananas by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, at an ... 2-Pentanol is a component of many mixtures of amyl alcohols sold industrially. 2-Pentanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as ... 2-Pentanol can be manufactured by hydration of pentene. sec-Amyl acetate 3-Pentanol Lide, David R. (1998), Handbook of ... 2-Pentanol (IUPAC name: pentan-2-ol; also called sec-amyl alcohol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a solvent and ...
... (IUPAC name: 3-methylpentan-3-ol) is an organic chemical compound and a tertiary hexanol. It is used in the ...
... (IUPAC name: 3-methylpentan-2-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It has been identified as a component of ...
... (IUPAC name: 4-methylpentan-2-ol) or methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) is an organic chemical compound used ...
... (IUPAC name: 3-methylpentan-1-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It occurs naturally in Capsicum ...
... , also known as 3-ethylpentan-3-ol, is a tertiary alcohol with the molecular formula C7H16O. 3-ethyl-3- ... pentanol at chemsynthesis.com v t e (Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need ...
... (IUPAC name: 2-methylpentan-1-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a solvent and an ...
... (IUPAC name: 2-methylpentan-2-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It can be added to a gas chromatograph ... As with many other short-chain alcohols, 2-methyl-2-pentanol can produce intoxication and sedative effects similar to those of ... 2-Methyl-2-butanol 3-Methyl-3-pentanol Lide DR (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC ...
... (IUPAC name: 2-methylpentan-3-ol) is an organic chemical compound. It is used as a fuel. Lide, David R. ( ...
pentanol, pentynol, etc.) Multhauf, Robert P. (1966). The Origins of Chemistry. London: Oldbourne. ISBN 9782881245947. p. 205; ...
pentanol, pentenol, etc.). Bozzano, Giulia; Manenti, Flavio (1 September 2016). "Efficient methanol synthesis: Perspectives, ...
It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol (pentanol). It is also known as isopentyl alcohol, isopentanol, or (in the IUPAC ... Heat Capacities in the Solid and in the Liquid Phase of Isomeric Pentanols. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 794-802. NIOSH Pocket ...
However, esters formed from other pentanol isomers (amyl alcohols), or mixtures of pentanols, are often referred to as amyl ... The compound is the condensation product of acetic acid and 1-pentanol. ...
It can be prepared from 1-pentanol by treatment with hydrogen chloride. tert-Amyl chloride Record in the GESTIS Substance ...
For pentanols, hexanols, octanols and longer alcohols, LD50 range from 2-5 g/kg (rats, oral). Ethanol is less acutely toxic. ...
Its commercial synthesis involvess vapor-phase dehydrogenation of a 1-pentanol/CS2 mixture. 3-Methylthiophene King, Wm. J.; ...
1-Ethynylcyclohexanol 2-Methyl-1-butanol 2-Methyl-2-pentanol 3-Methyl-3-pentanol Alcohols Amyl alcohol Diethylpropanediol ... tert-Amyl alcohol (TAA) or 2-methylbutan-2-ol (2M2B), is a branched pentanol. Historically TAA has been used an anesthetic and ... Pentanols Ethchlorvynol Methylpentynol Lomte, S.B.; Bawa, M.J.; Lande, M.K.; Arbad, B.R. (2009). "Densities and Viscosities of ...
It also creates less of other alcohol byproducts such as propanol, butanol, and pentanol. The CO2 captured in the production of ...
... (IUPAC name: 4-methylpentan-1-ol; also called isohexyl alcohol or 4-methyl-1-pentanol) is an organic chemical ...
... and three of pentanol or hexanol. Once a substitution is made on a parent molecule, its structural symmetry is usually reduced ...
Z. Malarski (1974). "Solid rotator phases in 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-tert-butyl-3-pentanol (t-Bu3COH)". Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. ...
105, 12696-12700 (2008). "Gas-phase conformational distributions for the 2-alkylalcohols 2-pentanol and 2-hexanol from ...
The name amyl alcohol without further specification applies to the normal (straight-chain) form, 1-pentanol. Three of these ... alcohols, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-pentanol, and 3-methyl-2-butanol (methyl isopropyl carbinol), contain stereocenters, and are ...
It is formed in an esterification reaction of sec-amyl alcohol (2-pentanol) and acetic acid. It is a colorless liquid. NIOSH ...
Mixed Alcohols (i.e., mixture of mostly ethanol, propanol, and butanol, with some pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, and octanol). ...
3-pentanol). Because of the many products that can be economically produced, this process is a true biorefinery. The process ... 3-pentanol) are obtained by hydrogenating over a catalyst (e.g., Raney nickel) the corresponding ketones (e.g., acetone, methyl ...
In field tests, 2-Pentanol alone triggered mild alarm and defensive behavior, but adding the other two compounds increased ... Three biologically active chemicals, 2-Pentanol, Isoamyl alcohol, and 1-methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate, have been identified for ...
2-Pentanol". Org. Synth. 61: 85. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.061.0085.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ...
1-Pentanol, (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an alcohol with five carbon atoms and the molecular formula C5H11OH. 1-Pentanol is ... Pentanol can be used as a solvent for coating CDs and DVDs.[citation needed] Pentanol can be prepared by fractional ... bio-pentanol with fermentation. "n-pentanol - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology ... The ester formed from 1-pentanol and acetic acid is amyl acetate (also called pentyl acetate), which smells like banana. In ...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Get information about 2-Pentanol C5H12O and fitting detectors and PPE. ✓testing, monitoring ✓protective equipment ✓1500+ ... Suitable products for 2-Pentanol C5H12O. Whether portable gas detectors, gas detection tubes or personal protective equipment ...
Testing Status of 2,3-Dimethyl-1-pentanol M88039. Testing Status of 2,3-Dimethyl-1-pentanol M88039. CASRN: 10143-23-4. Formula ... 1-Pentanol, 2,3-dimethyl-. Genetic Toxicology. *Salmonella (672807) Completed *Citation: Zeiger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, ...
It involved extraction of the plasma with n-hexane containing 2-pentanol, followed by reversed-phase HPLC using a Partisil ODS2 ... Enzymatic resolution of racemic 2-pentanol and 2-heptanol by lipase B from Candida antarctica was demonstrated [2]. ... We applied enantiomers of two chiral anesthetic alcohols (2-butanol and 2-pentanol) that are enantioselective for the minimum ... 21 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein for the 2-pentanol analog, and Km = 28 +/- 0.28 microM and Vmax = 195 +/- 2.4 pmol/min/mg ...
n-Pentanol Market Size Growth to Fuel Lucrative Revenues in the Future. Tweet ... Dive deep into the latest analysis presented by Report Ocean, titled "n-Pentanol Market Analysis and Forecast of Key Trends ... Unlocking Key Insights: Analysis of the "n-Pentanol Market Trends from 2023 to 2032" Report ...
Also known as amyl alcohol, it exists in several isomeric forms, including n-pentanol, iso-pentanol, and neo-pentanol, each ... What is the regional breakup of the global pentanol market?. *What are the price trends of various feedstocks in the pentanol ... What is the layout of a pentanol manufacturing plant?. *What are the machinery requirements for setting up a pentanol ... Pentanol. Report Coverage. Detailed Process Flow: Unit Operations Involved, Quality Assurance Criteria, Technical Tests, Mass ...
You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule (1s)-1-phenyl-1-pentanol (C11H16O) from the PQR.
Free download of Safety Data Sheet. 7 million SDS in 25 languages. Free SDS service for retailers, eCommerce and users of chemicals.
Compound 1-pentanol CAS Number 71-41-0 Cocnetration 1000 mg/L Matrix Water, HPLC Grade Additional sizes and concentrations ... 020858-03 , 1-Pentanol Solution, 1000 mg/L, 1 ml. O2SI. SKU: 020858-03. $59.00 ...
1-Pentanol acetate. 628-63-7. AJ1925000. 1-Propanethiol *. 107-03-9. TZ7300000. ...
Aktivierung der sauren Prostataphosphatase durch 1-Pentanol. H. Gallati, M. Roth. Page range: 581-588 ...
Pentanol. balsamic, fruit. Dimethyl trisulfide. sulfur, fish, gabbage. Trimethylthiazole. earth. Ethyldimethylpyrazine. burnt, ...
Humidity effects on in situ vapor phase lubrication with n-pentanol. Anna L. Barnette, J. Anthony Ohlhausen, Michael T. Dugger ... Dive into the research topics of Humidity effects on in situ vapor phase lubrication with n-pentanol. Together they form a ...
acetic ester; 1-pentanol acetate; Banana oil*;. Pear oil*.. b. Potential Hazards: FLAMMABLE.. c. Available from chemical supply ...
FTIR Spectra of n-Pentanol and n-Octanol in Liquid and Solid States Authors. * A. Vasylieva Taras Shevchenko National ... FTIR Spectra, n-pentanol, n-octanol, cluster structure of alcohols, Gaussian03 software Abstract. Alcohol molecules can form ... The objects of investigation are monohydric alcohols n-pentanol (CH2)4CH3-OH and n-octanol (CH2)7CH3-OH. For the structural ... Vasylieva, A., Doroshenko, I., Pogorelov, V., Sablinskas, V., & Balevicius, V. (2019). FTIR Spectra of n-Pentanol and n-Octanol ...
4-methyl-1-pentanol]imidazolium hexafluorophosphate-Sinocompound Catalysts Co., Ltd. ...
2-Pentanol. 1.5 ± 0.2. 2-Octanol. 0.5 ± 0.1. a It consisted of 5.5% (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol, 12.9% (2R,3R)-2,3-butanediol, and ...
Dive into the research topics of Experimental study on performance and emissions of diesel/n-pentanol blends on a DI diesel ... Experimental study on performance and emissions of diesel/n-pentanol blends on a DI diesel engine. ...
The role of the cosurfactant in the CTAB/water/n-pentanol/n-hexane system: pentanol effect on the phase equilibria and ... By increasing the pentanol/CTAB mole ratio, the system evolves from oil-in-water to water-in-oil structures. For very large 1- ... By increasing the pentanol/CTAB mole ratio, the system evolves from oil-in-water to water-in-oil structures. For very large 1- ... We report on the effect of 1-pentanol loading on the phase behaviour of mixtures of CTAB/water/n-hexane at fixed mole ratios 1: ...
3-Methyl-3-pentanol. 2,2-Dimethylcyclopropanol. Multiple OH functional groups. 1,2-Ethanediol. Ethylene glycol ...
4-Methyl-1-pentanol [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 4-Méthyl-1-pentanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] ...
Pentanol, branched and linearPentanol, branched and linear. CAS Number:. 94624-12-1. ...
b. 1-pentanol + aqueous NaoH ?. c. (CH3)2CHOH + Na?. 4. Write equations for the best method to prepare each of the following ...
1-Pentanol. 88.149. 0.8108. 137.983. 2.19. 0.568. 55. 27:46. 10. 1-Octanol. 130.23. 0.82157. 195.156. 0.0538. 0.537. 55. 28:35 ...
... n-pentanol, and n-hexanol; alcohol mixture refers to the binary mixture of ethanol and n-hexanol with different mole fractions ...
1-Pentanol. C 5 H 12 O. 25.81. 0.1564. Bromobenzene. C 6 H 5 Br. 28.96. 0.1541. ...
1-Pentanol. Spectrum type:. 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, CDCl3, experimental). ...

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