Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal: Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Pancreatic Ducts: Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast: An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.Carcinoma in Situ: A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Carcinoma, Hepatocellular: A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Pancreas: A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.Carcinoma, Ductal: Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating: A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Pancreatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Carcinoma, Papillary: A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)Neoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous: An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Pancreatitis: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.Carcinoma, Acinar Cell: A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Pancreaticoduodenectomy: The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.Genes, ras: Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Tissue Array Analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras): Cellular proteins encoded by the H-ras, K-ras and N-ras genes. The proteins have GTPase activity and are involved in signal transduction as monomeric GTP-binding proteins. Elevated levels of p21 c-ras have been associated with neoplasia. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Pancreatic Juice: The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Carcinoma, Basal Cell: A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Smad4 Protein: A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.Adenocarcinoma, Papillary: An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.Lymphatic Metastasis: Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Cyclic S-OxidesAcinar Cells: Cells lining the saclike dilatations known as acini of various glands or the lungs.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Carcinoma, Transitional Cell: A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.DeoxycytidineGene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.CA-19-9 Antigen: Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.Carcinoma, Bronchogenic: Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.Neoplasms, Multiple Primary: Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Carcinoma, Medullary: A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic: Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)Ampulla of Vater: A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Carcinoma, Small Cell: An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.ras Proteins: Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived protein, PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS), plays a role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development. The oncogene-derived protein (ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS)) can play a role in aberrant cellular regulation during neoplastic cell transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Carcinoma, Lobular: A infiltrating (invasive) breast cancer, relatively uncommon, accounting for only 5%-10% of breast tumors in most series. It is often an area of ill-defined thickening in the breast, in contrast to the dominant lump characteristic of ductal carcinoma. It is typically composed of small cells in a linear arrangement with a tendency to grow around ducts and lobules. There is likelihood of axillary nodal involvement with metastasis to meningeal and serosal surfaces. (DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1205)Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine: A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round "blue cells", granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small ("oat") cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Tumor Burden: The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays: In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.Thyroid Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.Neoplasm Grading: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.Breast: In humans, one of the paired regions in the anterior portion of the THORAX. The breasts consist of the MAMMARY GLANDS, the SKIN, the MUSCLES, the ADIPOSE TISSUE, and the CONNECTIVE TISSUES.Genes, Tumor Suppressor: Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Cell Growth Processes: Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.Carcinoma, Adenosquamous: A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.Mucin-1: Carbohydrate antigen elevated in patients with tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, and prostate as well as other disorders. The mucin is expressed normally by most glandular epithelia but shows particularly increased expression in the breast at lactation and in malignancy. It is thus an established serum marker for breast cancer.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Tumor Microenvironment: The milieu surrounding neoplasms consisting of cells, vessels, soluble factors, and molecules, that can influence and be influenced by, the neoplasm's growth.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Cadherins: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid: A tumor of both low- and high-grade malignancy. The low-grade grow slowly, appear in any age group, and are readily cured by excision. The high-grade behave aggressively, widely infiltrate the salivary gland and produce lymph node and distant metastases. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas account for about 21% of the malignant tumors of the parotid gland and 10% of the sublingual gland. They are the most common malignant tumor of the parotid. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240)Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16: A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. This protein is produced from the alpha mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced beta transcript, is TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.Pancreatic Stellate Cells: Star-shaped, myofibroblast-like cells located in the periacinar, perivascular, and periductal regions of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS. They play a key role in the pathobiology of FIBROSIS; PANCREATITIS; and PANCREATIC CANCER.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Common Bile Duct Neoplasms: Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.Nitrosamines: A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Cystadenoma, Papillary: A benign neoplasm of the ovary.MicroRNAs: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous: A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumor may develop from a mucinous cystadenoma, or it may be malignant at the onset. The cysts are lined with tall columnar epithelial cells; in others, the epithelium consists of many layers of cells that have lost normal structure entirely. In the more undifferentiated tumors, one may see sheets and nests of tumor cells that have very little resemblance to the parent structure. (Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p184)HSP47 Heat-Shock Proteins: Basic glycoprotein members of the SERPIN SUPERFAMILY that function as COLLAGEN-specific MOLECULAR CHAPERONES in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.Transplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Carcinoma, Endometrioid: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.Head and Neck Neoplasms: Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Stromal Cells: Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.Cell Movement: The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Nipples: The conic organs which usually give outlet to milk from the mammary glands.Keratin-19: A type I keratin found associated with KERATIN-7 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia.Pancreatic Diseases: Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.Carcinoma, Embryonal: A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumors. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1595)Mice, SCID: Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Mouth Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.Carcinoma, Merkel Cell: A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde: Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Phenotypic changes of EPITHELIAL CELLS to MESENCHYME type, which increase cell mobility critical in many developmental processes such as NEURAL TUBE development. NEOPLASM METASTASIS and DISEASE PROGRESSION may also induce this transition.Gene Silencing: Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Ovarian Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.Mucins: High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.Mucin-2: A gel-forming mucin found predominantly in SMALL INTESTINE and variety of mucous membrane-containing organs. It provides a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents.gamma-Synuclein: A homolog of ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN that plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. It is overexpressed in a variety of human NEOPLASMS and may be involved in modulating AXON architecture during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT and in the adult. Gamma-Synuclein may also activate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS associated with ETS-DOMAIN PROTEIN ELK-1.Colonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.Fatal Outcome: Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.Carcinoma, Verrucous: A variant of well-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma that is most common in the oral cavity, but also occurs in the larynx, nasal cavity, esophagus, penis, anorectal region, vulva, vagina, uterine cervix, and skin, especially on the sole of the foot. Most intraoral cases occur in elderly male abusers of smokeless tobacco. The treatment is surgical resection. Radiotherapy is not indicated, as up to 30% treated with radiation become highly aggressive within six months. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor: A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell: A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Urinary Bladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Skin Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.Neovascularization, Pathologic: A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Calculi: An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.Pancreatic Pseudocyst: Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.Gene Knockdown Techniques: The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.Mammary Glands, Animal: MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.Receptor, erbB-2: A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Serpins: A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. This family includes alpha 1-antitrypsin, angiotensinogen, ovalbumin, antiplasmin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, thyroxine-binding protein, complement 1 inactivators, antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, plasminogen inactivators, gene Y protein, placental plasminogen activator inhibitor, and barley Z protein. Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Cystadenoma, Serous: A cystic tumor of the ovary, containing thin, clear, yellow serous fluid and varying amounts of solid tissue, with a malignant potential several times greater than that of mucinous cystadenoma (CYSTADENOMA, MUCINOUS). It can be unilocular, parvilocular, or multilocular. It is often bilateral and papillary. The cysts may vary greatly in size. (Dorland, 27th ed; from Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972)Hedgehog Proteins: A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.Ki-67 Antigen: A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.Carcinoma, Large Cell: A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Homeodomain Proteins: Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Receptors, Estrogen: Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.Salivary Ducts: Any of the ducts which transport saliva. Salivary ducts include the parotid duct, the major and minor sublingual ducts, and the submandibular duct.Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Nestin: A type VI intermediate filament protein expressed mostly in nerve cells where it is associated with the survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Preoperative Period: The period before a surgical operation.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Lymph Nodes: They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.Laryngeal Neoplasms: Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Ductus Arteriosus: A fetal blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Secretin: A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Mesocricetus: A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.Matrix Metalloproteinase 7: The smallest member of the MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It plays a role in tumor progression.Tumor Suppressor Proteins: Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.Adenocarcinoma, Follicular: An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced mammary neoplasms in animals to provide a model for studying human BREAST NEOPLASMS.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Gallbladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.
Pancreatic cancer... of all pancreatic cancers. Nearly all these start in the ducts of the pancreas, as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ... Other exocrine cancers include adenosquamous carcinomas, signet ring cell carcinomas, hepatoid carcinomas, colloid carcinomas, ... Stage T1 pancreatic cancer Stage T2 pancreatic cancer Stage T3 pancreatic cancer Stage T4 pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer ... The exocrine group is dominated by pancreatic adenocarcinoma (variations of this name may add "invasive" and "ductal"), which ...
Hidalgo's focus continues to be the development of new drugs for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ... renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic cancer, among other cancers. As an outgrowth of testing new drugs in the avatar models, ... Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1691-703. Villarroel MC, ... Core Signaling Pathways in Human Pancreatic Cancers Revealed by Global Genomic Analyses. Science 2008;321:1801-6. Ma WW, Jacene ...
胰管是將胰臟外分泌腺的分泌物（例如酶以及碳酸氫鹽）運輸出胰臟的組織，儘管構成胰管的上皮細胞只佔胰臟細胞總體積的10%[28]，多數的胰臟腺癌始於胰管，稱為胰臟管腺癌（pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma，PDAC）[29]。 ... adenosquamous carcinoma）、印戒細胞癌、肝樣細胞癌（英語：hepatoid carcinoma）、膠狀癌、未分化
A considerable fraction (~30%) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases are characterized by frequent homozygous ... The WRN gene promoter is hypermethylated in about 38% of colorectal cancers and non-small-cell lung carcinomas and in about 20 ... shRNA knockdown of ME3 in a panel of PDAC cell lines only results in selective killing of ME2-deleted but not intact PDAC cells ... In a recent chemical-genetic screen, one compound of 3200 screened molecules was a synthetic lethal inhibitor of pancreatic ...
Immunohistochemical Markers Distinguishing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (CCC) from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)...For primary cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC)1 and metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), however, the ... Cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are two highly aggressive cancer types that arise ... Immunohistochemical Markers Distinguishing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (CCC) from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ... Immunohistochemical Markers Distinguishing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (CCC) from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ...
Hedgehog Inhibition for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the Preoperative Setting (HIPPoS) - Full Text View -...Pancreatic. adenocarcinoma. cancer. Additional relevant MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma. Carcinoma. Neoplasms, Glandular and ... Hedgehog Inhibition for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the Preoperative Setting (HIPPoS) (HIPPoS). The safety and ... Proof of Mechanism Study of an Oral Hedgehog Inhibitor (GDC-0449) in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ... Documented tissue diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with a sufficient amount of tissue for Laser Capture Micro- ...
The Neurotrophin-Trk Receptor Axes Are Critical for the Growth and Progression of Human Prostatic Carcinoma and Pancreatic...PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. ... The human prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3, the human prostatic/bladder carcinoma TSU-Pr1, and the human ovarian carcinoma ... pancreatic, lung, and medullary thyroid carcinoma (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) . Specifically, human prostatic carcinoma cells have been ... have been implicated in the development and progression of human prostatic carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We ...
Are All RAS Proteins Created Equal in Cancer? - National Cancer Institute... head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LAC, lung adenocarcinoma; MM, multiple myeloma; and PDAC, pancreatic ductal ... In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) there is a near 100% frequency of KRAS mutations (Figure 1.) This contrasts with ... Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cancer. Samples. Altera-. tions. KRAS. Altera-. tions. NRAS. Altera-. tions. HRAS. All RAS. ... thyroid carcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. Abbreviations used are: AML, ...
Overexpression of Mesothelin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)... intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (41% for both), and invasive ductal carcinoma of the mammary gland (11% vs 12%). In ... Overexpression of Mesothelin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Kai Le1,2*, Jia Wang1*, Tao Zhang3, Yifan Guo1, Hong ... Le K, Wang J, Zhang T, Guo Y, Chang H, Wang S, Zhu B. Overexpression of Mesothelin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). ... Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with difficulty in early diagnosis does not respond well to conventional ...
ADAM8 in invasive cancers: links to tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance | Clinical SciencePDAC, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; PSGL-1, P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1; RCC, Renal Cell Carcinoma; SH3, Src-Homology ... Hepatocellular Carcinoma; IL, Interleukin; MAPK, Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase; MMP, Matrix-Metalloprotease; MP, ... pancreatic, and brain cancer. High expression levels of ADAM8 are associated with invasiveness and predict a poor patient ...
ASCO GI Parallel 2018 ProgrammGenomics-driven precision medicine for advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC): Early results from the COMPASS trial ( ... Phase II LAPACT Trial of nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) plus gemcitabine (G) for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC ... Cabozantinib (C) versus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received prior ... Cabozantinib (C) versus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received prior ...
Hippo pathway mediates resistance to cytotoxic drugs | PNAS... most pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients treated with gemcitabine do not respond well to treatment. The 1- and 5-y ... and ABCC5 and CDA has been shown to be up-regulated in pancreatic carcinoma compared with normal pancreatic tissue (SI Appendix ... that switching off the Hippo-YAP pathway overcomes intrinsic drug resistance in these models of pancreatic ductal carcinoma. ... 2005) Expression and localization of human multidrug resistance protein (ABCC) family members in pancreatic carcinoma. Int J ...
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Baba HA[au] - PubMed - NCBIImmunohistochemical Markers Distinguishing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (CCC) from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ... Annexin A10 optimally differentiates between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic metastases of pancreatic ductal ... Circulating and tissue IMP3 levels are correlated with poor survival in renal cell carcinoma. ... Quantitative Tissue Proteomics Analysis Reveals Versican as Potential Biomarker for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ...
Central Role of CEMIP in Tumorigenesis and Its Potential as Therapeutic TargetPDAC tissues biopsies. pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. carcinoma. Migration,. shorter survival. [29]. blood. Pdx1-Cre:K-Ras ... KIAA1199/CEMIP/HYBID overexpression predicts poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology. 2017;17:115-22 ... In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, over-expressed CEMIP alerted an aggressive tumor progression and early mortality [26, 29, ... Comparative proteomic analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent non-tumour tissue from thailand. Arch Oral Biol. ...
SMAD4 Y353C promotes the progression of PDAC | Springer for Research & DevelopmentPDAC). Abnormal SMAD4 expression also plays an important role in the malignant... ... Background SMAD4 is frequently inactivated and associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( ... Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer in that most patients are diagnosed at an advanced clinical ... SMAD4 Y353C promotes EMT in pancreatic cancer. EMT plays a vital role in pancreatic carcinoma invasion and distant metastasis. ...
Integrated Genomic Characterization Reveals Novel, Therapeutically Relevant Drug Targets in FGFR and EGFR Pathways in Sporadic...CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NA, not assessed. ... 3. Comparison of mutation frequency in cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic and liver cancers. ... Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT 2: 285-289.. 12. ShaibYH, El-SeragHB, DavilaJA, MorganR, McGlynnKA ... In addition, Netrin-1 has a known role in mediating cell migration during pancreatic organogenesis [60]. Furthermore, Netrin-1 ...
Scientific Framework for Pancreatic Cancer - Pancreatica... in our pancreatic cancer blog. The term "Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma" is accurate and abbreviated PDAC in the original paper; ... PDAC (pancreatic cancer)s arise from a ductal cell lineage or from acinar cells that undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia9. ... Models of PDAC (pancreatic cancer): The development of new, clinically-relevant treatment approaches for PDAC (pancreatic ... Approximately 10% of PDAC (pancreatic cancer)s occur in families with a history of PDAC (pancreatic cancer)4; some occur in ...
PROX1 and β-catenin are prognostic markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | BMC Cancer | Full TextThe aim of this study was to investigate PROX1 and β-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Expression ... The role of β-catenin expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is somewhat controversial. Transcription factor PROX1 is a ... high PROX1 and β-catenin expression were independent factors for better prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ... The combined high expression of PROX1 and β-catenin also predicted lower risk of death from PDAC (HR = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.28-0.76 ...
Therapeutic Implications of Molecular Subtyping for Pancreatic Cancer | Cancer Network... we review seminal articles that have evaluated the molecular architecture of pancreatic cancer. We compare the methods used and ... Gene expression profiling of microdissected pancreatic ductal carcinomas using high-density DNA microarrays. Neoplasia. 2004;6: ... the majority are classified as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (commonly referred to as PDAC or PDA). Other forms of exocrine ... Identification of Sox9-dependent acinar-to-ductal reprogramming as the principal mechanism for initiation of pancreatic ductal ...
Immunohistochemical Markers Distinguishing Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (CCC) from Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ...
Leukocytes in human PDAC. A, relative CD20 and Ig mRNA expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa; n = 33), ... we investigated tumor growth of two syngeneic murine PDAC cell lines derived from primary pancreatic carcinomas of transgenic ... Preinvasive and invasive ductal pancreatic cancer and its early detection in the mouse. Cancer Cell 2003;4:437-50. ... Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) is a devastating disease with one of the lowest 5-year survival rates of all solid ...
AVEO Oncology and Biodesix Announce Initiation of the CyFi-2 Study, a Phase 2 Randomized Study of Ficlatuzumab in Combination...Ficlatuzumab is currently being evaluated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), metastatic pancreatic ductal ... cancer (PDAC), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). About AVEO AVEO Pharmaceuticals is a biopharmaceutical company seeking to ... AVEOs portion of the costs for both the CyFi-2 study and the recently initiated Phase 1b/2 hepatocellular carcinoma study of ... pancreatic cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. AVEOs earlier-stage pipeline includes AV-203 (anti-ErbB3 MAb), AV-380 (GDF15 MAb ...
Prognostic significance of NEK2 in human solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Bioscience Reports... pancreatic ductal cancer [20], lung cancer [21,22], prostate cancer [23], breast carcinoma [24], and glioma [25,26]. Moreover, ... pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), [20] and prostate cancer [20]. A total of 12 included studies detected the expression ... PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; PKM, pyruvate kinase M ... Abnormal expression of Nek2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ... 2017) NEK2 serves as a prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Oncol. 50, 405-413 doi:10.3892/ijo.2017.3837 ...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive disease with limited and, very often, ineffective medical and ... The Sustained Induction of c-MYC Drives Nab-paclitaxel Resistance in Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells. Erika Parasido ... The Sustained Induction of c-MYC Drives Nab-paclitaxel Resistance in Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells ... The Sustained Induction of c-MYC Drives Nab-paclitaxel Resistance in Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells ...
Tissue fibrosis confounds treatment of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC), impairing drug response, reducing immune cell ... Genotype tunes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue tension to induce matricellular fibrosis and tumor progression. Nat Med ... In agreement with these clinical findings, thicker collagen bundles, a stiffer periductal matrix, and a more contractile PDAC ... These data suggest that although fibrosis universally accompanies pancreatic transformation, the nature of the fibrotic ...
Up-regulation of DRAM2 promotes tolerance of bladder transitional cell carcinoma to gemcitabine
hypothesized that intratumor bacteria might contribute to drug resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) [16]. ... Bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell lines T24 (TCHu 55) were purchased from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of ... Up-regulation of DRAM2 promotes tolerance of bladder transitional cell carcinoma to gemcitabine. Baihetiya Azhati ... "Up-regulation of DRAM2 promotes tolerance of bladder transitional cell carcinoma to gemcitabine". Archives of Medical Science ...
JCI -
The biology and function of exosomes in cancerAdditionally, driver mutations associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were identified in this exosomal DNA (7 ... Malignant ascites-derived exosomes of ovarian carcinoma patients contain CD24 and EpCAM. Gynecol Oncol. 2007;107(3):563-571. ... Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat Cell Biol. 2015;17(6):816-826.. View this ... Clinical impact of serum exosomal microRNA-21 as a clinical biomarker in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2013 ...
intitle:rape, study - Bing NewsThe Phase 3 in pancreatic, the pancreatic ductal adrenal carcinoma PDAC in second line, the study is called TRYbeCA1, and ...
We use pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as an in vitro and an in vivo cancer model for these studies as it is a representative ... pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)14, 15, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma2, 3, neuroblastoma6, leiomyosarcoma8, ... Arslan, A., Buanes, T. & Geitung, J. T. Pancreatic carcinoma: MR, MR angiography and dynamic helical CT in the evaluation of ... Expression of cancer stem cell markers in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. ...
- Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: What Role Does Focal Radiotherapy Play for Hepatocellular Carcinoma? (google.com)
- Cabozantinib (C) versus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have received prior sorafenib: results from the randomized phase 3 CELESTIAL trial. (google.com)
- KEYNOTE-224: Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Previously Treated with Sorafenib. (google.com)
- Effect of transarterial chemoembolization plus external beam radiotherapy on survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma showing macroscopic vascular invasion compared with sorafenib: A randomized trial. (google.com)
- Randomized, Open Label, Multicenter, Phase II Trial comparing Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) plus Sorafenib with TACE Alone in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): TACTICS Trial. (google.com)
- Intranuclear inclusions in hepatocellular carcinoma contain autophagy-associated proteins and correlate with prolonged survival. (nih.gov)
- AVEO's portion of the costs for both the CyFi-2 study and the recently initiated Phase 1b/2 hepatocellular carcinoma study of FOTIVDA ® (tivozanib) in combination with AstraZeneca's IMFINZI ® (durvalumab) is included in the company's current cash guidance. (businesswire.com)
- The Company's lead candidate is tivozanib, a potent, selective, long half-life inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor 1, 2 and 3 receptors, which AVEO is working to develop and commercialize in North America as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other cancers. (businesswire.com)
- Venous involvement can sometimes, but not always, be addressed by surgical resection and reconstruction of the vessels affected, such as in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma, which has invaded the portal vein, hepatic vein or inferior vena cava 7 . (nature.com)
- Hemochromatosis has been associated with some chronic diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (eventscribe.com)
- There is a pressing need for the development of novel approaches to treat and prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (readbyqxmd.com)
- Galectin-1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (biomedsearch.com)
- Similar to recommendations for patients with advanced PDAC, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do not need to have tumor multigene NGS either. (mdedge.com)
- miR-221/222 has been shown to target TIMP3 in aggressive forms of non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) promoting HCC cell invasion and metastasis. (qiagen.com)
- Inhibition of BTK with the FDA-approved inhibitor ibrutinib restores T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses to inhibit PDAC growth and improves responsiveness to chemotherapy, presenting a new therapeutic modality for pancreas cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Acinar Cell Carcinoma » Stress-Activated NRF2-MDM2 Cascade Controls Neoplastic Progression in Pancreas. (rare-cancer.org)
- showed in mice that by introducing a β-catenin stabilizing mutation in CTNNB1 leads to pancreatic hypoplasia at an early phase of the developing pancreas. (biomedcentral.com)
- Depletion of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and fibrosis induces immunosuppression and accelerates pancreas cancer with reduced survival. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we investigated aberrantly expressed miRNAs involved in PDAC by comparing miRNA expression profiles in PDAC cell lines with a normal pancreas cell line and found that miR-135a was significantly down-regulated in the PDAC cell lines. (ijbs.com)
- The microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR in PDAC tissues, paired adjacent normal pancreatic tissues, PDAC cell lines, and a normal pancreas cell line. (ijbs.com)
- Moreover, SNAIL was shown to be upregulated following TGFβ treatment, and genetic depletion of SNAIL inhibited TGFβ-induced EMT, apoptosis, and accelerated pancreatic carcinogenesis in SMAD4-wild-type cells, raising the unexpected possibility that EMT precedes apoptosis and is required for TGFβ-mediated tumor suppression in the pancreas. (aacrjournals.org)
- Furthermore, mice treated with 100 and 200 ppm of gefitinib exhibited 67.6% to 77.3% of the pancreas to be free from ductal lesions. (elsevier.com)
- Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass. (wikipedia.org)
- One to two percent of cases of pancreatic cancer are neuroendocrine tumors, which arise from the hormone-producing cells of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
- This is despite the fact that the tissue from which it arises - the pancreatic ductal epithelium - represents less than 10% of the pancreas by cell volume, because it constitutes only the ducts (an extensive but capillary-like duct-system fanning out) within the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
- Transplantation of PDAC derived KPCP1 and Panc02 cells in mouse pancreas were performed to study treatment efficacy in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
- Results We found that pancreas-specific Arid1a loss in mice was sufficient to induce inflammation, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and mucinous cysts. (bmj.com)
- Pancreatic heterotopia (PH) is defined as ectopic pancreatic tissue outside the normal pancreas and its vasculature and duct system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pancreatic heterotopia (PH) was first reported by Jean-Schultz in 1729 and is defined as pancreatic tissue without anatomical or vascular connection to the pancreas [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The most widespread explanation of the origin of PH is that the ectopic tissue separates itself from the pancreas during embryonic rotation and fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds (misplacement theory) [ 3 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- High levels of PKBbeta/AKT2, EGFR, as well as nuclear T202/Y204p-ERK and T180/Y182p-p38 were observed in normal ducts adjacent to PDAC compared with non-cancerous pancreas. (nih.gov)
- Intraepithelial neoplasms are reported in biliary tract, as biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), and in pancreas, as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN). (expertscape.com)
- Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the biliary tract (IPNB) share common histologic and phenotypic features such as pancreatobiliary, gastric, intestinal and oncocytic types, and biological behavior with the pancreatic counterpart, the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN). (expertscape.com)
- ADAM8 expression and localization in the normal pancreas, CP and PDAC tissues: Immunohistochemistry was performed as described in the 'Materials and methods' section. (nih.gov)
- Pancreatic cancer refers to tumors that start in the cells of the pancreas, an organ located behind your stomach that helps you digest food . (columbiasurgery.org)
- Cancer develops when cells grow in an uncontrolled manner and form masses or tumors in the pancreas, instead of growing into healthy pancreatic tissue, which may also spread to other parts of the body. (columbiasurgery.org)
- Tumors in the pancreas can either be exocrine tumors (about 95% of pancreatic cancers) or endocrine tumors (about 5% of pancreatic cancers). (columbiasurgery.org)
- Pancreatic cancer can develop in any part of the pancreas. (columbiasurgery.org)
- Here, we address this problem by comparing microdissected CCC and PDAC tumor cells from nine and eleven cancer patients, respectively, in a label-free proteomics approach. (mcponline.org)
- Laboratory studies have shown that this drug blocks a process in pancreatic cells thought to be involved in cancer development and spread. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Understanding this distinction will help improve treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In squamous cell carcinomas, HRAS is the predominant isoform mutated (8%), followed by KRAS (3%) and NRAS (2%) (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations In Cancer [COSMIC] database). (cancer.gov)
- Cancer and para-cancer tissues of 24 cases with PDAC were assessed by standardized immunohistochemical (IHC) detection with two kinds of anti-MSLN antibodies (EPR4509 and EPR19025-42) to detect their positive expression rates and study the correlation between the expression of MSLN and the clinicopathological data. (medsci.org)
- The two anti-MSLN antibodies of cancer tissues showed positive expression with tan yellow or tan brown granules diffusely distributed on the cell membrane in 22 of 24 cases with PDAC (positive rate of 91.67%), and the positive expression of the two antibodies EPR4509 and EPR19025-42 was completely consistent in all tissue samples. (medsci.org)
- Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with poor prognosis. (medsci.org)
- PDAC is predicted to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths by 2020 in the USA [ 7 ], seriously threatening public health. (springer.com)
- Switching-off" this pathway could present an opportunity to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. (pnas.org)
- We began our study of resistance with the nucleoside analog, gemcitabine, the first-line treatment for locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
- Of specific interest in this review is the ADAM proteinase ADAM8 that has been identified as a significant player in aggressive malignancies including breast, pancreatic, and brain cancer. (clinsci.org)
- Venn Diagram of Core Signaling Pathways Found to Be Disrupted in Pancreatic Cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
- In the last several years, first-line therapy with gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel or a regimen of fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) has boosted the median overall survival (OS) duration to 8.5 months and 11 months, respectively, in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, compared with a historic OS of only 6 months prior to 2011. (cancernetwork.com)
- Notably, as newer agents become available and undergo testing, there is some indication that certain subgroups of patients may benefit dramatically from therapies targeting specific pathways in pancreatic cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
- In this article, we review seminal articles that have evaluated the molecular architecture of pancreatic cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
- In 2016 in the United States, pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in approximately 53,070 patients and caused an estimated 41,780 deaths. (cancernetwork.com)
- These associations emphasize that the YAP signaling network correlates with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients. (nature.com)
- Indeed, deaths due to PDAC are projected to increase dramatically, making the disease the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA before 2030 2 . (nature.com)
- Novel targets and agents for therapy and chemoprevention are urgently needed and will most likely arise from a more detailed understanding of the signaling mechanisms that stimulate the promotion and progression of sub-malignant (initiated) cells into pancreatic cancer cells and from the identification of modifiable risk factors for PDAC. (nature.com)
- Ficlatuzumab is currently being evaluated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), metastatic pancreatic ductal cancer (PDAC), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (businesswire.com)
- AVEO is leveraging or seeks to leverage partnerships to develop and commercialize its pipeline of products and product candidates, including tivozanib in oncology and other indications in various geographies, and ficlatuzumab (HGF MAb) in head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer and acute myeloid leukemia. (businesswire.com)
- Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) represented 90% of all the bladder cancer cases diagnosed in the USA . (termedia.pl)
- Although some achievements in chemotherapy regimens improved the therapies of bladder cancer, the 5-year survival rate of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) patients still ranges from 48 to 66% . (termedia.pl)
- In February of this year the U.S. National Cancer Institute published an important overview of the state of the science and medicine of pancreatic cancer. (pancreatica.org)
- We will comment on aspects of it from time to time in the future, but as it so comprehensive and precise, in a departure from our usual practice, we will show a copy it here (sans bibliography and figures) in our pancreatic cancer blog. (pancreatica.org)
- here in the interests of a potential lay reader we will add in parentheses the term: pancreatic cancer. (pancreatica.org)
- Although PDAC (pancreatic cancer) shares some of the characteristics of other solid malignancies, such as mutations affecting common signaling pathways, tumor heterogeneity, development of invasive malignancy from precursor lesions, inherited forms of the disease, and common environmental risk factors, there are unique obstacles that have made progress against PDAC (pancreatic cancer) difficult. (pancreatica.org)
- PDAC (pancreatic cancer) is a recalcitrant cancer as defined by its five-year relative survival rate of less than 5 percent that translates into the loss of almost 40,000 lives per year. (pancreatica.org)
- Consensus within the scientific community regarding the limited early diagnostic or therapeutic approaches for patients with PDAC (pancreatic cancer) has provided a stimulus for the evaluation of new and missed opportunities that could now be applied to the existing portfolio of PDAC (pancreatic cancer) research in order to make more substantial progress. (pancreatica.org)
- The current state of knowledge in PDAC (pancreatic cancer) research, including epidemiology, risk assessment, pathology, screening, early detection, and therapeutic research was evaluated by an expert panel of extramural scientists that helped the NCI identify and prioritize new scientific ideas, technologies, and resources that might advance the field and improve the outlook both for patients with PDAC (pancreatic cancer) and for individuals at high risk of developing the disease. (pancreatica.org)
- Plans for implementation of these recommended initiatives, within the context of NCI's current research framework for PDAC (pancreatic cancer), have been developed. (pancreatica.org)
- In addition, an overall process for evaluating progress and providing oversight for the NCI's PDAC (pancreatic cancer) research portfolio is in place to meet the goals of the Recalcitrant Cancer Research Act of 2012. (pancreatica.org)
- The differentiation between pancreatic head cancer (PHC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) can be challenging because of their anatomical and histopathological similarity. (springer.com)
- Oncologic therapies differ between pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer. (springer.com)
- Notably, in pancreatic cancer, the cell-in-cell phenomenon is associated with reduced metastasis, which is the opposite of what happens in other tumor types. (frontiersin.org)
- Conroy T et al (2011) FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. (springermedizin.at)
- Von Hoff DD et al (2013) Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine. (springermedizin.at)
- Hidalgo M et al (2017) A phase I and randomized phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel(nab-P) incombination with gemcitabine(G) for the treatment of patients with ECOG2 advanced pancreatic cancer(PDAC). (springermedizin.at)
- Strumberg D et al (2013) Gemcitabine and Nimotuzumab (OSAG 101) versus Gemcitabine and placebo for the treatment of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (Phase IIB / IIIA). (springermedizin.at)
- Oettle et al (2014) Second-line oxaliplatin, folinic acid, and fluorouracil versus folinic acid and fluorouracil alone for gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer: outcomes from the CONKO-003 trial. (springermedizin.at)
- Wang-Gilliam A et al (2016) Updated survival analysis of NAPOLI-1: a phase III study of nanoliposomal irinotecan with or without 5‑fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) versus 5‑FU/LV in metastatic pancreatic cancer previously treated with gemcitabine. (springermedizin.at)
- Gill S et al (2016) PANCREOX: a randomized phase III study of fluorouracil/Leucovorin with or without oxaliplatin for second-line advanced pancreatic cancer in patients who have received Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. (springermedizin.at)
- Waddell et al (2015) Whole genomes redefine the mutational landscape of pancreatic cancer. (springermedizin.at)
- Golan T et al (2016) POLO: A randomized phase III trial of olaparib maintenance monotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) who have a germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm. (springermedizin.at)
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, Ahmad Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. (nih.gov)
- Transgenic mice with the ability to delete αSMA(+) myofibroblasts in pancreatic cancer were generated. (nih.gov)
- Depletion starting at either noninvasive precursor (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) or the PDAC stage led to invasive, undifferentiated tumors with enhanced hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cells, with diminished animal survival. (nih.gov)
- Pancreatic cancer: surprising role for fibrosis. (nih.gov)
- Pancreatic cancer stroma: oncologist's ally or foe? (nih.gov)
- To date, the use of imaging in pancreatic cancer has been limited to diagnosis and staging, predominantly with multidetector dynamic-phase computed tomography (CT), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and, more recently, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. (aacrjournals.org)
- Preoperative staging of pancreatic cancer is done to determine resectability. (aacrjournals.org)
- One existing high-risk subgroup consists of families with inherited forms of pancreatic cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- In this earlier work the authors had screened a phage display library against a mouse model of pancreatic cancer (10), and identified peptides that bound to Plec1. (aacrjournals.org)
- Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor type that is characterized by aggressive invasion and a high incidence of metastasis. (ijbs.com)
- Together, these results identify a mechanism used by PDAC cells to survive the nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment, and also provide insight regarding the role of mutant p53 and miRNA in pancreatic cancer cell adaptation to metabolic stresses. (nih.gov)
- These findings also provide an explanation for the frequent inactivation of SMAD4, but not TGFβ receptors, in pancreatic cancer, and elucidate a mechanism by which TGFβ-induced EMT is tumor suppressive in certain contexts. (aacrjournals.org)
- Developing novel strategies to prevent or delay pancreatic cancer is currently of intense interest. (elsevier.com)
- In summary, these results show that gefitinib can prevent the progression of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions to PDAC in a preclinical model. (elsevier.com)
- The present study highlights the promise of chemoprevention and the potential usefulness of EGFR inhibitors in individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer. (elsevier.com)
- There are a number of types of pancreatic cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Signs and symptoms of the most common form of pancreatic cancer may include yellow skin, abdominal or back pain, unexplained weight loss, light-colored stools, dark urine and loss of appetite. (wikipedia.org)
- There are usually no symptoms in the disease's early stages, and symptoms that are specific enough to suggest pancreatic cancer typically do not develop until the disease has reached an advanced stage. (wikipedia.org)
- By the time of diagnosis, pancreatic cancer has often spread to other parts of the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include tobacco smoking, obesity, diabetes, and certain rare genetic conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- Pancreatic cancer is usually diagnosed by a combination of medical imaging techniques such as ultrasound or computed tomography, blood tests, and examination of tissue samples (biopsy). (wikipedia.org)
- The risk of developing pancreatic cancer is lower among non-smokers, and people who maintain a healthy weight and limit their consumption of red or processed meat. (wikipedia.org)
- Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from cancer in the United Kingdom, and the fourth most common in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
- Play media The many types of pancreatic cancer can be divided into two general groups. (wikipedia.org)
- Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies, with a very poor prognosis. (beds.ac.uk)
- These findings indicate that the AT 2 receptor in stromal fibroblasts is a potentially important target for chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. (beds.ac.uk)
- Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in many countries, including the United States. (beds.ac.uk)
- For instance, dasatinib synergized with gemcitabine to induce anti-proliferation and apoptosis in the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 by decreasing the levels of ALDH1A1, a marker of tumour-initiating/cancer stem cells [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- More recently, concomitant targeting of SRC, EGF-R, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been suggested as a novel therapeutic approach in pancreatic cancer [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pancreatic cancer is a deadly disease with a dismal prognosis. (jpatholtm.org)
- Some of the key genetic drivers in pancreatic neoplasia have been known for years, but the introduction of high throughput sequencing has led to a more complete understanding of pancreatic cancer genomes. (jpatholtm.org)
- Although these four genes (often referred to as the four "mountains") are the most commonly mutated genes in pancreatic cancer ( Table 1 ), only a minority of patients (37% in one study) have mutations in all four genes, highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of the disease [ 11 ]. (jpatholtm.org)
- In this study, disrupted ciliogenesis was observed in cancer cells and pancreatic cancer tissues, which facilitated oncogene-induced transformation of normal pancreatic cells (HPDE6C7) and NIH3T3 cells through activating the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. (rupress.org)
- The most abundant cells in the extensive desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic adenocarcinomas are the pancreatic stellate cells, which interact with the carcinoma cells and strongly influence the progression of the cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Tumor stroma interactions induced by IL-1α/IL-1R1 signaling have been shown to be involved in pancreatic cancer cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pancreatic stellate cells cultured in the presence of IL-1α or in co-cultures with BxPC-3 cells enhanced the migration of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Silencing of stellate cell expression of SMAD7 was found to suppress the levels of IL-1R1 and reduce the stimulatory effects of IL-1α, thus inhibiting the capacity of pancreatic stellate cells to induce cancer cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
- LNA TM gapmer mediated inhibition of HNRNPU processed transcript reduced cell proliferation in Patu-T and PL45 pancreatic cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
- The pancreatic cancer develops through accumulation of a series of genomic and epigenomic alterations which lead to the transformation of normal pancreatic epithelium into an invasive carcinoma - a process that can take up to 15-20 years to develop, from the occurrence of first initiating mutational event. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Besides clinical studies, NSC 631570 has been also used by many physicians in the treatment of various tumors, for example cervical cancer (96), ovarian cancer (97), testicular cancer (98), esophageal carcinoma (99), urethral carcinoma (100), and neuroblastoma (116). (ukrin.com)
- There are also more reports on the successful treatment of breast cancer (94, 95), including a relapsing breast carcinoma with lung metastases (94). (ukrin.com)
- New era for pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound: From imaging to molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer. (expertscape.com)
- Nerves and Pancreatic Cancer: New Insights into a Dangerous Relationship. (expertscape.com)
- Furthermore, USP 49 inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and enhanced cellular response to gemcitabine in a FKBP 51‐ AKT ‐dependent manner. (embopress.org)
- ADAM8 expression is associated with increased invasiveness and reduced patient survival in pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
- P= 0.0008), and high ADAM8 mRNA and protein expression levels correlated with reduced survival time of PDAC patients (P= 0.048 and P= 0.065, respectively).In addition, decreased proteolytic activity was measured in cell culture supernatants following silencing of ADAM8.In conclusion, ADAM8 is overexpressed in PDAC, influences cancer cell invasiveness and correlates with reduced survival, suggesting that ADAM8 might be a potential target in pancreatic cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
- In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and function of ADAM8 in pancreatic cancer. (nih.gov)
- SELDI-TOF-MS was performed to detect the proteolytic activity of ADAM8 in pancreatic cancer cells. (nih.gov)
- Silencing of ADAM8 expression did not significantly influence pancreatic cancer cell growth but suppressed invasiveness. (nih.gov)
- In conclusion, ADAM8 is overexpressed in PDAC, influences cancer cell invasiveness and correlates with reduced survival, suggesting that ADAM8 might be a potential target in pancreatic cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
- C, D) ADAM8 (C) and CK19 (D) staining in pancreatic cancer cells of PDAC tissues. (nih.gov)
- E, F) Strong ADAM8 staining in pancreatic cancer cells of PDAC tissues. (nih.gov)
- Pancreatic Cancer: What is Pancreatic Cancer? (columbiasurgery.org)
- Pancreatic Cancer is an online community for sharing information about innovative, science-based treatments for pancreatic cancer. (letswinpc.org)
- Inhibiting or delaying the progression of precursor lesions of PDAC, pancreatic intraepthial neoplasia (PanINs), to invasive cancer, would be a major step. (rare-cancer.org)
- In the present study, we used a transgenic murine model of pancreatic cancer to evaluate the impact of a conditional knockout of the transcription factor Snail1, a major factor in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, on acinar-to-ductal formation and on PanIN progression. (rare-cancer.org)
- Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction between the cancer and the stroma, play a key role in the development of pancreatic cancer. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Novel therapies that target on the pancreatic tumor microenvironment should become one of the more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal human malignancy and has a ratio of death to incidence up to 96% [ 1 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- This review focuses on the mechanisms by which the interaction between the cancer cell and the stroma influence pancreatic cancer progression. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Studies of human pancreatic cancer have shown that the mesenchymal cells secrete many of cytokines such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), which have an impact on disease prognosis ( Fig. ( 2 ) ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Because it is possible to isolate and culture pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) in vitro [ 3 , 4 ] and these cells are responsible for producing the stromal reaction in pancreatic cancer [ 5 ], determining which mechanisms mediate the epithelial-stromal interactions in pancreatic cancer is important. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Growth factors that are known to induce PSC activation such as transforming growth factor-h1 (TGF-h1), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are secreted by pancreatic cancer cells [ 5 , 6 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- matrix metalloproteinase 2 has been associated with the invasive phenotype of pancreatic cancer cell lines [ 7 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- PSCs can also act on pancreatic cancer cells, which affect their biological behavior. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- A prospective study by Wei Zheng, Ph.D., M.D., and colleagues delivers the first direct epidemiological evidence that increased production of a chemical compound called prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as measured by metabolites in urine (PGE-M), is associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk. (vicc.org)
- Pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer, with new therapeutic options needed. (vicc.org)
- The findings, reported in Cancer Immunology Research , suggest that anti-G-CSF treatments may increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic interventions in PDAC. (vicc.org)
- Abstract 204: Phase II LAPACT Trial of nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) plus gemcitabine (G) for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). (oncoletter.ch)
- Identification of novel regulators that contribute to pancreatic cancer progression will be helpful to develop novel therapeutic approaches [ 6 ]. (termedia.pl)
- Our results suggest that tumor marker levels and tumor grade are significant predictors of poor survival for patients with pancreatic head cancer. (beds.ac.uk)
- The prognosis for patients with cancer of the pancreatic head remains poor. (beds.ac.uk)
- The 5-year survival rate can be significantly improved for patients with pancreatic cancer when surgery is possible. (beds.ac.uk)
- The present study reports the short- and long-term outcome of 195 consecutive pancreatic head resections due to pancreatic cancer from a single German pancreatic center. (beds.ac.uk)
- International Association of Pancreatology (IAP)/European Pancreatic Club (EPC) consensus review of guidelines for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. (expertscape.com)
- We assessed Fhit expression by immunohistochemistry in two different multistep pancreatic carcinogenic processes: pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN). (rare-cancer.org)
- To date methods to diagnose early-stage PDAC are limited and in vivo detection of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a preinvasive precursor of PDAC, is impossible. (pnas.org)
- Abnormal SMAD4 expression also plays an important role in the malignant progression of PDAC. (springer.com)
- This study supports the key role of SMAD4 as a tumour suppressor gene in PDAC and shows that SMAD4 Y353C is associated with poor progression of PDAC. (springer.com)
- p62 accumulation promotes neoplastic progression by controlling the NRF2-mediated induction of MDM2, which acts through p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms to abrogate checkpoints that prevent conversion of differentiated acinar cells to proliferative ductal progenitors. (rare-cancer.org)
- In contrast, Acinar:KP cKO mice exhibited widespread metaplasia and low-grade as well as high-grade mPanINs with delayed progression to PDAC. (bmj.com)
- Our findings illustrate that PDAC can develop in multiple ways and the cellular context in which mutations are acquired has significant impact on precursor lesion initiation, disease progression and tumour phenotype. (bmj.com)
- In this study, we discover that miR-98-5p is downregulated in PDAC and that miR-98-5p overexpression suppresses the progression of PDAC both in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
- The chemopreventive efficacy of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, was evaluated against the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanIN) to PDAC in conditional LSL-Kras G12D/+ transgenic mice. (elsevier.com)
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive precursor formation and progression can improve PDAC outcomes. (bmj.com)
- Previous studies showed that genetic alterations and non-coding RNAs were associated with PDAC progression. (termedia.pl)
- This knowledge will pave the way for improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to pancreatic tumors that take advantage of the genetic alterations in these neoplasms. (jpatholtm.org)
- Pancreatic neoplasms are some of the best characterized at the genomic level. (jpatholtm.org)
- Immunohistochemical correlates of somatic mutations in pancreatic neoplasms. (jpatholtm.org)
- Between 2010 and 2020, C. Doglioni wrote the following 48 articles about Pancreatic Neoplasms . (expertscape.com)
- However, the preferential mutation of KRAS versus NRAS in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cannot be explained simply on this basis. (cancer.gov)
- The majority of all missense KRAS mutations in PDAC occur at position G12, with a G12D single amino acid substitution being the most prevalent. (nature.com)
- Genetically engineered mouse models that recapitulate many features of the human disease have defined a critical role for Kras G12D in the initiation and maintenance of PDAC 3 , 8 , 9 . (nature.com)
- An inducible Kras(G12D) driven mouse model of PDAC has established a critical role for sustained Kras(G12D) expression in tumor maintenance, providing a model to determine the potential for and the underlying mechanisms of Kras(G12D)-independent PDAC recurrence. (epfl.ch)
- Our studies, along with corroborating evidence from human PDAC models, portend a novel mechanism of escape from oncogenic Kras addiction in PDAC. (epfl.ch)
- Using an animal model of aggressive PDAC (Kras/p48(TGFβRIIKO)), we discovered an effect of TGFβ signaling in regulation of G-CSF secretion in pancreatic epithelium. (readbyqxmd.com)
- To elucidate the mechanism by which TGFβ promotes apoptosis, David and colleagues used a Kras -mutant/ Smad4 -deleted PDAC murine model and found that reintroduction of SMAD4 sensitized cells to TGFβ treatment and promoted changes in cell morphology and loss of E-cadherin consistent with EMT. (aacrjournals.org)
- Design We examined the contribution of cellular origin to PDAC development by inducing PDAC-associated mutations, Kras G12D expression and Trp53 loss, specifically in ductal cells ( Sox9CreER;Kras LSL-G12D ;Trp53 flox/flox (' Duct:KP cKO ')) or acinar cells ( Ptf1a CreER ;Kras LSL-G12D ;Trp53 flox/flox (' Acinar:KP cKO ')) in mice. (bmj.com)
- Conclusion These findings indicate that ductal cells are primed to form carcinoma in situ that become invasive PDAC in the presence of oncogenic Kras and Trp53 deletion, while acinar cells with the same mutations appear to require a prolonged period of transition or reprogramming to initiate PDAC. (bmj.com)
- The KRAS gene, which encodes a small GTPase that mediates downstream signaling from growth factor receptors, is the most commonly mutated oncogene in PDAC [ 1 - 3 ]. (jpatholtm.org)
- In addition to hotspot mutations in the KRAS oncogene, three tumor suppressor genes are frequently mutated in PDAC. (jpatholtm.org)
- The current hypothesis of the pathogenesis of PDAC relies on the differentiation of acinar precursors carrying KRAS mutation into ductal cells (acinar-ductal metaplasia). (ircc.it)
- As the absence of biomarkers for early detection delays the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC, the search for appropriate tumour biomarkers for patients with PDAC is extremely urgent. (springer.com)
- This study aims to discover and validate the prognostic significance of a combinatorial panel of tumor biomarkers in patients with resected PDAC.MethodsPatients who underwent PDAC resection were included from a single institution discovery cohort and a multi-institutional validation cohort. (medworm.com)
- Identification of early biomarkers of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). (ircc.it)
- The late disease diagnosis, the limited availability of effective therapeutic interventions and lack of robust diagnostic biomarkers, are some of the primary reasons for the dismal 5-year survival rates (∼8%) in patients with PDAC. (physiciansweekly.com)
- In this review, we focus on three types of well-established ncRNAs - microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) - and discuss their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in PDAC. (physiciansweekly.com)
- Specifically, human prostatic carcinoma cells have been shown to be chemotactic (10) and invasive (11) in response to NGF in vitro . (aacrjournals.org)
- Pancreatic carcinoma has exhibits a poor prognosis with limited long-term survival. (scirp.org)
- The integrin αvβ6 is upregulated in numerous carcinomas, where expression commonly correlates with poor prognosis. (soton.ac.uk)
- Increased expression of HNRNPU processed transcript was associated with poor prognosis for patients with PDAC. (mdpi.com)
- In trying to understand the resistance to gemcitabine and the variable response of patients, we unexpectedly found culture conditions for pancreatic tumor cells that affected their sensitivity to the drug. (pnas.org)
- We report that PDAC tumor growth depends on cross-talk between B cells and FcRγ + tumor-associated macrophages, resulting in T H 2-type macrophage programming via BTK activation in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. (aacrjournals.org)
- We show that accumulation of the autophagy substrate p62/SQSTM1 in stressed KrasG12D acinar cells is associated with PDAC development and maintenance of malignancy in human cells and mice. (rare-cancer.org)
- Through this Cell-SELEX approach, they identified an RNA aptamer, SQ-2, that specifically binds to PDAC cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- 2q37.1), which is expressed in the cell membrane of the PDAC cells via the GPI anchor. (aacrjournals.org)
- Elevated concentrations of G-CSF in PDAC promoted differentiation of Ly6G(+) cells from progenitors, stimulated IL10 secretion from myeloid cells, and decreased T-cell proliferation via upregulation of Arg, iNOS, VEGF, IL6, and IL1b from CD11b(+) cells. (readbyqxmd.com)
- The overexpression of miR-135a in PDAC cells decreased cell proliferation and clonogenicity and also induced G1 arrest and apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
- however, the mechanisms by which PDAC cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to metabolic stress are still poorly understood. (nih.gov)
- Consistently, miR-135 silencing sensitizes PDAC cells to glutamine deprivation and represses tumor growth in vivo. (nih.gov)
- KLF5 co-occupied the vast majority of SOX4 binding sites and suppressed TGFβ-induced apoptosis in Smad4 -mutant PDAC cells, suggesting that KLF5 may determine SOX4 function in this context. (aacrjournals.org)
- 6. Pancreatic ductal cells with cytoplasmic mucin are pathologic. (humpath.com)
- 10. High-grade atypical epithelial cells (high-grade atypia) in pancreatic mucinous cyst fluid is a high risk feature for malignancy. (humpath.com)
- Modelling of different genetic events in mice suggests both ductal and acinar cells can give rise to PDAC. (bmj.com)
- The role of AT 2 receptor-signaling in stromal cells on the growth of murine pancreatic carcinoma cells (PAN02) was studied using various in vitro and in vivo assays. (beds.ac.uk)
- Our results show that the growth of subcutaneously transplanted syngeneic xenografts of PAN02 cells, mouse pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells derived from the C57/BL6 strain, was significantly faster in AT 2 -KO mice compared to control wild type mice. (beds.ac.uk)
- Moreover, Ang II AT 2 receptor signaling is a negative regulator in the growth of pancreatic carcinoma cells. (beds.ac.uk)
- When dasatinib was combined with gemcitabine and erlotinib (an epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGF-R) inhibitor), it inhibited the growth of xenografts of both sensitive and resistant PDAC cells in vivo without increasing toxicity [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- its presence or absence in PDAC cells modulates αvβ6-dependent functions, resulting in a pro-migratory (Rac1-dependent) or a pro-TGF-β1 activation (Rho-dependent) functional phenotype respectively. (soton.ac.uk)
- Suppression of the IRE1α by STF-083010 alone resulted in increased lysosomes and reduced viability of PDAC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Sunitinib alone caused abnormal maturation of the autolysosomes with increased intracellular multivesicular bodies and increased apoptosis evident in PDAC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In pancreatic stellate cells, IL-1R1 expression was found to be down-regulated by TGFβ and blocking of TGFβ signaling re-established the expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- This effect was blocked after treatment of the pancreatic stellate cells with TGFβ. (biomedcentral.com)
- knockdown of this lncRNA further reduces proliferation and invasion/migration of pancreatic carcinoma cells. (mdpi.com)
- Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to abrogate ARID1A in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. (bmj.com)
- ARID1A knockdown in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells induced increased MYC expression and protein synthesis that was abrogated with MYC knockdown. (bmj.com)
- Briefly, PH Type I includes acini, ducts and endocrine islet cells, Type II contains acini and ducts, but no islet cells, and Type III contains only pancreatic ducts. (biomedcentral.com)
- We demonstrated that KRasG12V acinar cells isolated from Elas-KRasG12V underwent in vitro acinar ductal metaplasia with an increased expression of Nlg-2. (ircc.it)
- The overall profiles of signaling protein expression levels, activation states and sub-cellular distribution in PDAC cells were distinguishable from non-neoplastic ductal epithelia. (nih.gov)
- Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize, package, and secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum to aid in nutrient absorption and meet metabolic demands. (rare-cancer.org)
- When exposed to cellular stresses and insults, acinar cells undergo a dedifferentiation process termed acinar-ductal metaplasia (ADM). (rare-cancer.org)
- a Freshly isolated PMNs (CD66b + cells, orange box) and monocytes (CD14 + cells, blue box) from PDAC patients analysed by flow cytometry and haematoxylin-eosin staining. (biomedcentral.com)
- c Functional assay performed (at 1:3 ratio of PBMCs:CD14 + cells) on monocytes of PDAC patients ( n = 26) compared to HDs ( n = 8), reported as percentage of CD3 + proliferating cells (right panel) and graphed as proliferation peaks of Cell Trace + CD3 + cells after the co-culture (left panel). (biomedcentral.com)
- Among all PDAC patients, "Suppressive CD14 + cells" (blue) and "Non-suppressive CD14 + cells" (red) were grouped based on the quantitative analysis of the in vitro immunosuppressive function. (biomedcentral.com)
- e Pearson correlation between MDSC4 and MDSC1 among CD14 + cells of PDAC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- A) ADAM8 expression in normal pancreatic islets (arrows) and acinar cells and ductal cells (lower inset). (nih.gov)
- Consecutive section stained with CK19 confirming ductal cells (upper inset). (nih.gov)
- In normal pancreatic tissues (n = 8), ADAM8 exhibited weak cytoplasmic and membranous staining in normal ductal and acinar cells (Fig. 3A, lower inset) and moderate expression in islet cells (Fig. 3A). (nih.gov)
- In CP tissues (n = 8), ADAM8 exhibited moderate to strong staining in ductal cells, tubular complexes and degenerating acinar cells (Fig. 3B) but not in inflammatory cells. (nih.gov)
- A classic but unexplained example is enhanced α2-6-sialylation on N-glycans, resulting from over-expression of the Golgi enzyme β-galactoside:α2-6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I). Previous data supporting a role for the resulting Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc (Sia6LacNAc) structure in tumor biology were based on in vitro studies in transfected carcinoma cells, in which increased Sia6LacNAc on β1-integrins enhanced their binding to ligands, and stimulated cell motility. (omicsdi.org)
- These dismal figures are because of the tumor's propensity to metastasize when little and undetectable, the advanced stage of which many sufferers initial develop symptoms, as well as the intrinsic level of resistance of pancreatic tumor cells to cytotoxic real estate agents and radiotherapy [3- (flora2world.com)
- Molecular biology of pancreatic malignancy Various genetic mutations have already been explained in the malignancy cells of PDAC individuals. (flora2world.com)
- squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and laboratory data were within the normal limits. (springeropen.com)
- 0.05) when compared with PDAC tissues. (medsci.org)
- MSLN was highly expressed in PDAC tissues, but not in paracancerous tissues. (medsci.org)
- They employ a tissue microarray to further delineate the distribution of Plec1 expression in human tissue, and find strong Plec1 expression in benign tissues of the genitourinary system as well as in carcinomas of the aerodigestive tract. (aacrjournals.org)
- In addition, the expression level of miR-98-5p was negatively correlated with MAP4K4 expression in PDAC tissues and cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- We have demonstrated the expression of the NTs and aberrant overexpression of the trk receptors immunohistochemically and by in situ hybridization in human PDAC specimens relative to normal pancreata and in human PDAC-derived cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
- Owing to their histological and morphological similarity, differential diagnosis between CCC and metastasis of PDAC located in the liver frequently proves an unsolvable issue for pathologists. (mcponline.org)
- There is certainly, therefore, an immediate need for a better knowledge of the systems that donate to pancreatic tumor development and metastasis, as well as for the look of therapies because of this disorder that are far better than current regimens. (flora2world.com)
- 9. CEA analysis of pancreatic cyst fluid is the best test for determining a mucinous cyst. (humpath.com)
- Regrettably, most pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) patients treated with gemcitabine do not respond well to treatment. (pnas.org)
- Azhati B, Maolakuerban N, Ma T, Li X, Rexiati M. Up-regulation of DRAM2 promotes tolerance of bladder transitional cell carcinoma to gemcitabine. (termedia.pl)
- Sunitinib showed a synergistic effect with chloroquine in reducing in vitro PDAC cell viability and significantly increased the efficacy of gemcitabine in human and murine PDAC cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- The anti-proliferative effect of gemcitabine was significantly increased when used in combination with sunitinib and/or chloroquine in both in vitro and in vivo PDAC models. (biomedcentral.com)
- Acinic Cell Carcinoma » Fhit down-regulation is an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. (rare-cancer.org)
- The effects of miR-98-5p depletion or ectopic expression on PDAC proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated in vitro using CCK-8 proliferation assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays and transwell assays. (biomedcentral.com)
- Notably, a series of gain- and loss-of-function assays elucidated that miR-98-5p suppressed PDAC cell proliferation, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
- We first targeted IRE1α, an important regulator of the UPR, through STF-083010 treatment in PDAC cell lines in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
- Circulating monocytes from PDAC patients are able to restrain T cell proliferation in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, we detected the expression of MSLN in PDAC and analyzed the correlation between the expression of MSLN and clinicopathological data, so as to provide more theoretical basis for the role of MSLN in the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. (medsci.org)
- Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to estimate the relationship of SMAD4 expression with clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) in 95 Chinese Han PDAC patients. (springer.com)
- So far, the prognostic significance of β-catenin expression in PDAC has been investigated in a few studies with rather short follow-up times [ 11 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We predicted Bmi1 may be a target of miR-135a using bioinformatics tools and found that Bmi1 expression was markedly up-regulated in PDAC. (ijbs.com)
- Its expression was inversely correlated with miR-135a expression in PDAC. (ijbs.com)
- Bile acid induces MUC2 expression and inhibits tumor invasion in gastric carcinomas. (biomedsearch.com)
- The expression of miR-98-5p and its specific target gene were determined in human PDAC specimens and cell lines by miRNA qRT-PCR, qRT-PCR and western blot. (biomedcentral.com)
- To evaluate the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptor (AT 2 ) expression in the host's body on the growth of pancreatic carcinoma, we have investigated the growth of mouse pancreatic ductal carcinoma grafts in syngeneic wild type and AT 2 receptor-deficient (AT 2 -KO) mice. (beds.ac.uk)
- In both PDAC cell lines, dasatinib effectively blocked TGF-β1-induced Smad phosphorylation, activity of 3TPlux and pCAGA (12) -luc reporter genes, cell migration, and expression of individual TGF-β1 target genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
- C) Undifferentiated carcinomas often lose E-cadherin expression. (jpatholtm.org)
- Depletion of SMAD7 upregulated the effects of TGFβ and reduced the expression of IL-1R1, leading to inhibition of IL-1α induced stellate cell enhancement of carcinoma cell migration. (biomedcentral.com)
- The expression of HNRNPU processed transcript was increased in PDAC cell lines compared to noncancerous pancreatic cell lines. (mdpi.com)
- Our previous miRNA expression profiling data on PDAC (n=9) and PVAC (n=4) were revaluated to define differences/similarities in miRNA expression patterns. (oncotarget.com)
- Overall, specific miRNA expression patterns were involved in the regulation of a limited core signalling pathways in the biology landscape of PDAC and PVAC. (oncotarget.com)
- The present study was designed to clarify the prognostic significance of XB130 expression in PDAC. (biomedcentral.com)
- Methods Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining, the expression of HOXB7 mRNA, miR-337, and HOXB7 protein in 44 PDAC samples was detected. (ebscohost.com)
- AIMS: To evaluate mRNA and protein expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3 in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and to define the association of STAT3 activity with the STAT3-inducible targets cyclin D1, survivin, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1. (ebscohost.com)
- AIMS: This study examined the expression profiles of Smad4, Smad6 and Smad7 mRNA in patient samples of PDAC and their relationship to. (ebscohost.com)
- P= 0.0008), and high ADAM8 mRNA and protein expression levels correlated with reduced survival time of PDAC patients (P= 0.048 and P= 0.065, respectively). (nih.gov)
- ADAM8 expression was also weakly observed in the stroma, nerves and blood vessels of normal pancreatic tis-sues. (nih.gov)
- Due to lack of characteristic symptoms and effective methods for the early detection of PDAC, over 80% of patients present too late for curative management [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- More specifically, the ncRNAs play a pivotal role in PDAC biology as they affect tumor growth, migration, and invasion by regulating cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (physiciansweekly.com)
- The molecular mechanisms through which established risk factors, such as chronic pancreatitis, acinar cell damage, and/or defective autophagy increase the likelihood of PDAC development are poorly understood. (rare-cancer.org)
- Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive PDAC formation may lead to novel therapies. (bmj.com)
- Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC remain unclear [ 5 ]. (termedia.pl)
- This review covers in a short way the molecular biology of pancreatic tumor, and will after that focus on different areas of vascular endothelial development elements in angiogenesis generally and with regards to PDAC specifically. (flora2world.com)
- PDAC arises from the evolution of precursor lesions, the most common of which are pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs). (nature.com)
- Treatment of PDAC-bearing mice with the BTK inhibitor PCI32765 (ibrutinib) or by PI3Kγ inhibition reprogrammed macrophages toward a T H 1 phenotype that fostered CD8 + T-cell cytotoxicity, and suppressed PDAC growth, indicating that BTK signaling mediates PDAC immunosuppression. (aacrjournals.org)
- These facts highlight a unique window of opportunity for the earlier detection of PDAC, which could allow timely disease interception and improvement in the overall survival outcomes in patients suffering from this fatal malignancy. (physiciansweekly.com)
- It really is more developed that human being pancreatic malignancy cell lines overexpress the epidermal development element (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and create multiple ligands that bind right to EGFR, including changing development factor-alpha (TGF-, amphiregulin, heparin-binding EGF-like development element (HB-EGF), betacellulin and epiregulin [8- (flora2world.com)
- Here, we report that targeting Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key B-cell and macrophage kinase, restores T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses, thereby inhibiting PDAC growth and improving responsiveness to standard-of-care chemotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
- Indeed, CCA and PDAC display similar clinic-pathological features as growth pattern, poor response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and, as a consequence, an unfavorable prognosis. (expertscape.com)
- Herein, we provide a critical overview on the role of multimodal treatment in PDAC and on new opportunities related to current more active poli-chemotherapy regimens, targeted therapies, and the more recent immunotherapy approaches. (expertscape.com)