PC12 Cells
Proprotein Convertase 2
Proprotein Convertase 1
Proprotein Convertase 5
Pheochromocytoma
Proprotein Convertases
Phosphatidylcholines
Nerve Growth Factor
Neurites
Furin
Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2
The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (1/4249)
The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B (CgB), a regulated secretory protein with widespread distribution in neuroendocrine cells, is known to be essential for the sorting of CgB from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to immature secretory granules. Here we show that this loop, when fused to the constitutively secreted protein alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), is sufficient to direct the fusion protein to secretory granules. Importantly, the sorting efficiency of the AT reporter protein bearing two loops (E2/3-AT-E2/3) is much higher compared with that of AT with a single disulfide-bonded loop. In contrast to endogenous CgB, E2/3-AT-E2/3 does not undergo Ca2+/pH-dependent aggregation in the TGN. Furthermore, the disulfide-bonded loop of CgB mediates membrane binding in the TGN and does so with 5-fold higher efficiency if two loops are present on the reporter protein. The latter finding supports the concept that under physiological conditions, aggregates of CgB are the sorted units of cargo which have multiple loops on their surface leading to high membrane binding and sorting efficiency of CgB in the TGN. (+info)Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity opposes other Ras effectors in PC12 cells by inhibiting neurite outgrowth. (2/4249)
Ras proteins can activate at least three classes of downstream target proteins: Raf kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate (PI3) kinase, and Ral-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Ral-GEFs). In NIH 3T3 cells, activated Ral-GEFs contribute to Ras-induced cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation by complementing the activities of Raf and PI3 kinases. In PC12 cells, activated Raf and PI3 kinases mediate Ras-induced cell cycle arrest and differentiation into a neuronal phenotype. Here, we show that in PC12 cells, Ral-GEF activity acts opposite to other Ras effectors. Elevation of Ral-GEF activity induced by transfection of a mutant Ras protein that preferentially activates Ral-GEFs, or by transfection of the catalytic domain of the Ral-GEF Rgr, suppressed cell cycle arrest and neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment. In addition, Rgr reduced neurite outgrowth induced by a mutant Ras protein that preferentially activates Raf kinases. Furthermore, inhibition of Ral-GEF activity by expression of a dominant negative Ral mutant accelerated cell cycle arrest and enhanced neurite outgrowth in response to NGF treatment. Ral-GEF activity may function, at least in part, through inhibition of the Rho family GTPases, CDC42 and Rac. In contrast to Ras, which was activated for hours by NGF treatment, Ral was activated for only approximately 20 min. These findings suggest that one function of Ral-GEF signaling induced by NGF is to delay the onset of cell cycle arrest and neurite outgrowth induced by other Ras effectors. They also demonstrate that Ras has the potential to promote both antidifferentiation and prodifferentiation signaling pathways through activation of distinct effector proteins. Thus, in some cell types the ratio of activities among Ras effectors and their temporal regulation may be important determinants for cell fate decisions between proliferation and differentiation. (+info)Identification of a new Pyk2 target protein with Arf-GAP activity. (3/4249)
Protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2 is activated by a variety of G-protein-coupled receptors and by extracellular signals that elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration. We have identified a new Pyk2 binding protein designated Pap. Pap is a multidomain protein composed of an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, followed by a pleckstrin homology domain, an Arf-GAP domain, an ankyrin homology region, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. We demonstrate that Pap forms a stable complex with Pyk2 and that activation of Pyk2 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Pap in living cells. Immunofluorescence experiments demonstrate that Pap is localized in the Golgi apparatus and at the plasma membrane, where it is colocalized with Pyk2. In addition, in vitro recombinant Pap exhibits strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPases Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity towards Arf6. Addition of recombinant Pap protein to Golgi preparations prevented Arf-dependent generation of post-Golgi vesicles in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of Pap in cultured cells reduced the constitutive secretion of a marker protein. We propose that Pap functions as a GAP for Arf and that Pyk2 may be involved in regulation of vesicular transport through its interaction with Pap. (+info)Intracellular sodium modulates the expression of angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor in PC12W cells. (4/4249)
Although the angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor (AT2-R) is expressed abundantly in the adrenal medulla, its physiological significance has not yet been determined. To obtain fundamental knowledge of the regulation of AT2-R expression in the adrenal medulla, we investigated the effects of modulating several ion channels on AT2-R expression in PC12W cells. Experiments were performed after 24 hours of serum depletion under subconfluent conditions. After 48 hours of treatment with various agonists or antagonists, the receptor density and mRNA level of AT2-Rs were quantified by 125I-[Sar1, Ile8]angiotensin II binding and Northern blot analysis. Ouabain (10 to 100 nmol/L) and insulin (10 to 100 nmol/L) dose-dependently increased receptor density and mRNA level. Analysis of the binding characteristics revealed that the ouabain-dependent increase in AT2-R levels was due to an increase in binding capacity without a change in the Kd value. These increases were blocked by lowering the Na+ concentration in the medium. A low concentration of the sodium ionophore monensin (10 nmol/L), the K+-channel blocker quinidine (10 micromol/L), and the ATP-sensitive K+-channel blockers tolbutamide (100 micromol/L) and glybenclamide (10 micromol/L) also significantly increased receptor density, but the ATP-sensitive K+-channel agonist cromakalim (100 micromol/L) decreased receptor density significantly (P<0.01). Nifedipine (10 micromol/L) decreased basal receptor density and completely blocked the increase in receptor density caused by these agents. The increase in receptor density caused by an increase in intracellular Na+ was accompanied by an increase in mRNA level, whereas the ATP-sensitive K+-channel blockers did not change mRNA level. Nifedipine slightly decreased mRNA level. These results suggest that AT2-R expression is sensitively regulated by intracellular cation levels. The change in intracellular Na+ level transcriptionally regulates AT2-R expression, whereas the K+-channel blocker-dependent upregulation appears to be at least in part posttranslational. (+info)Hyperoxia induces the neuronal differentiated phenotype of PC12 cells via a sustained activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by Bcl-2. (5/4249)
We previously reported that rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells express the neuronal differentiated phenotype under hyperoxia through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we found that in this phenotype, Bcl-2, an apoptosis inhibitor, affects mitogen-activated protein (MAP)-kinase activity, which is known as a key enzyme of the signal-transduction cascade for differentiation. When PC12 cells were cultured under hyperoxia, a rapid increase in MAP-kinase activity, including that of both p42 and p44, was observed. Although the activity level then decreased quickly, activity higher than the control level was observed for 48 h. PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP kinase, suppressed the hyperoxia-induced neurite extensions, suggesting the involvement of MAP-kinase activity in the mechanism of differentiation induced by ROS. An elevation of Bcl-2 expression was observed after culturing PC12 cells for 24 h under hyperoxia. This Bcl-2 elevation was not affected by treatment with PD98059, suggesting that it did not directly induce neurite extension under hyperoxia. However, the blockade of the Bcl-2 elevation by an antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the sustained MAP-kinase activity and neurite extensions under hyperoxia. Further, in PC12 cells highly expressing Bcl-2, the sustained MAP-kinase activity and neurite extensions under hyperoxia were enhanced. These results suggested that MAP kinase is activated through the production of ROS, and the subsequent elevation of Bcl-2 expression sustains the MAP-kinase activity, resulting in the induction of the neuronal-differentiation phenotype of PC12 cells under hyperoxia. (+info)Characterization of elementary Ca2+ release signals in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. (6/4249)
Elementary Ca2+ release signals in nerve growth factor- (NGF-) differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons, functionally analogous to the "Ca2+ sparks" and "Ca2+ puffs" identified in other cell types, were characterized by confocal microscopy. They either occurred spontaneously or could be activated by caffeine and metabotropic agonists. The release events were dissimilar to the sparks and puffs described so far, as many arose from clusters of both ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP3Rs). Increasing either the stimulus strength or loading of the intracellular stores enhanced the frequency of and coupling between elementary release sites and evoked global Ca2+ signals. In the PC12 cells, the elementary Ca2+ release preferentially occurred around the branch points. Spatio-temporal recruitment of such elementary release events may regulate neuronal activities. (+info)Microvessels from Alzheimer's disease brains kill neurons in vitro. (7/4249)
Understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is of widespread interest because it is an increasingly prevalent disorder that is progressive, fatal, and currently untreatable. The dementia of Alzheimer's disease is caused by neuronal cell death. We demonstrate for the first time that blood vessels isolated from the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients can directly kill neurons in vitro. Either direct co-culture of Alzheimer's disease microvessels with neurons or incubation of cultured neurons with conditioned medium from microvessels results in neuronal cell death. In contrast, vessels from elderly nondemented donors are significantly (P<0.001) less lethal and brain vessels from younger donors are not neurotoxic. Neuronal killing by either direct co-culture with Alzheimer's disease microvessels or conditioned medium is dose- and time-dependent. Neuronal death can occur by either apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. The microvessel factor is neurospecific, killing primary cortical neurons, cerebellar granule neurons, and differentiated PC-12 cells, but not non-neuronal cell types or undifferentiated PC-12 cells. Appearance of the neurotoxic factor is decreased by blocking microvessel protein synthesis with cycloheximide. The neurotoxic factor is soluble and likely a protein, because its activity is heat labile and trypsin sensitive. These findings implicate a novel mechanism of vascular-mediated neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. (+info)Human nerve growth factor beta (hNGF-beta): mammary gland specific expression and production in transgenic rabbits. (8/4249)
Transgenic rabbits carrying gene constructs encoding human nerve growth factor beta (hNGF-beta) cDNA were generated. Expression of hNGF-beta mRNA was restricted to the mammary gland of lactating rabbits. Western Blot analysis revealed a polypeptide of 13.2 kDa in the milk of transgenic animals. hNGF-beta was purified from the milk by a two-step chromatographic procedure. Electrospray mass spectroscopy analysis of purified hNGF-beta depicted a molecular weight of 13,261 Da per subunit. The biological activity of the hNGF-beta was tested using PC12W2 cells and cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons from chicken embryos. Crude defatted milk from transgenic animals and purified hNGF-beta demonstrated full biological activity when compared to commercial recombinant hNGF-beta. (+info)PC12 cells are a type of rat pheochromocytoma cell line, which are commonly used in scientific research. Pheochromocytomas are tumors that develop from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland, and PC12 cells are a subtype of these cells.
PC12 cells have several characteristics that make them useful for research purposes. They can be grown in culture and can be differentiated into a neuron-like phenotype when treated with nerve growth factor (NGF). This makes them a popular choice for studies involving neuroscience, neurotoxicity, and neurodegenerative disorders.
PC12 cells are also known to express various neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and other proteins that are relevant to neuronal function, making them useful for studying the mechanisms of drug action and toxicity. Additionally, PC12 cells can be used to study the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, as well as the molecular basis of cancer.
Proprotein convertase 2 (PCSK2) is a type of enzyme known as a proprotein convertase. It plays a role in the activation of other proteins by cleaving off specific peptide sequences and allowing them to become biologically active. PCSK2 is primarily involved in the processing of hormones and neurotransmitters, including insulin, prolactin, and members of the bombesin family.
Defects in the gene that encodes PCSK2 have been associated with certain medical conditions, such as congenital hyperinsulinism, a disorder characterized by low blood sugar levels due to excessive insulin secretion. However, more research is needed to fully understand the relationship between PCSK2 and these conditions.
Proprotein convertase 1 (PCSK1) is a protein-coding gene that encodes for the prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), also known as PCsk1 or PCSK1. This enzyme belongs to the family of subtilisin-like proprotein convertases, which play crucial roles in processing and activating various peptide hormones and neuropeptides by cleaving their precursor proteins.
PC1/3 is primarily expressed in neuroendocrine cells, neurons, and enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It is involved in the maturation of several bioactive peptides, such as:
1. Proinsulin: PC1/3 processes proinsulin into insulin and C-peptide.
2. Proglucagon: PC1/3 cleaves proglucagon to generate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), glicentin, and oxyntomodulin.
3. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC): PC1/3 processes POMC to generate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), β-lipotropin, β-endorphin, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH).
4. Prohormone convertase 2 (PCSK2) precursor: PC1/3 cleaves the PCSK2 precursor into its mature form.
5. Neuropeptide YY (NPY): PC1/3 processes NPY precursors to generate NPY and peptide YY (PYY).
6. Proghrelin: PC1/3 converts proghrelin into acylated ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, and desacyl ghrelin, which has no known function.
Defects in the PCSK1 gene can lead to various endocrine disorders, such as monogenic forms of diabetes (MODY), obesity, and short stature.
Proprotein convertase 5 (PC5, also known as PCSK5 or PACE4) is a serine protease enzyme that belongs to the family of proprotein convertases. These enzymes play crucial roles in processing and activating various protein precursors by cleaving them at specific recognition sites.
PC5 is primarily involved in the activation of other proteins through proteolytic processing, which means it cuts large protein precursors into their smaller, active forms. It has a wide range of substrates, including hormones, growth factors, receptors, and adhesion molecules. PC5 is synthesized as an inactive zymogen and undergoes autocatalytic activation to become fully functional.
PC5 is expressed in various tissues, such as the brain, pancreas, testis, ovary, and placenta. Its dysregulation has been implicated in several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections. However, more research is needed to fully understand its functions and therapeutic potential.
Pheochromocytoma is a rare type of tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. These tumors produce excessive amounts of hormones called catecholamines, including adrenaline and noradrenaline. This can lead to a variety of symptoms such as high blood pressure, sweating, headaches, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety.
Pheochromocytomas are typically slow-growing and can be benign or malignant (cancerous). While the exact cause of these tumors is not always known, some genetic factors have been identified that may increase a person's risk. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with medications to manage symptoms and control blood pressure before and after surgery.
Proprotein convertases (PCs) are a group of calcium-dependent serine proteases that play a crucial role in the post-translational modification of proteins. They are responsible for cleaving proproteins into their active forms by removing the propeptide or inhibitory sequences, thereby regulating various biological processes such as protein maturation, activation, and trafficking.
There are nine known human proprotein convertases, including PC1/3, PC2, PC4, PACE4, PC5/6, PC7, Furin, Subtilisin/Kexin type 1 Protease (SKI-1/S1P), and Neuropsin. These enzymes are characterized by their conserved catalytic domain and a distinct prodomain that regulates their activity.
Proprotein convertases have been implicated in several physiological processes, including blood coagulation, neuroendocrine signaling, immune response, and cell differentiation. Dysregulation of these enzymes has been associated with various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. Therefore, understanding the function and regulation of proprotein convertases is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target these diseases.
Phosphatidylcholines (PtdCho) are a type of phospholipids that are essential components of cell membranes in living organisms. They are composed of a hydrophilic head group, which contains a choline moiety, and two hydrophobic fatty acid chains. Phosphatidylcholines are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and function of cell membranes, and they also serve as important precursors for the synthesis of signaling molecules such as acetylcholine. They can be found in various tissues and biological fluids, including blood, and are abundant in foods such as soybeans, eggs, and meat. Phosphatidylcholines have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their role in maintaining healthy lipid metabolism and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is a small secreted protein that is involved in the growth, maintenance, and survival of certain neurons (nerve cells). It was the first neurotrophin to be discovered and is essential for the development and function of the nervous system. NGF binds to specific receptors on the surface of nerve cells and helps to promote their differentiation, axonal growth, and synaptic plasticity. Additionally, NGF has been implicated in various physiological processes such as inflammation, immune response, and wound healing. Deficiencies or excesses of NGF have been linked to several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and pain conditions.
Neurites are extensions of a neuron (a type of cell in the nervous system) that can be either an axon or a dendrite. An axon is a thin, cable-like extension that carries signals away from the cell body, while a dendrite is a branching extension that receives signals from other neurons. Neurites play a crucial role in the communication between neurons and the formation of neural networks. They are involved in the transmission of electrical and chemical signals, as well as in the growth and development of the nervous system.
Adrenal gland neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the adrenal glands. These glands are located on top of each kidney and are responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, blood pressure, and stress response. Adrenal gland neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Benign adrenal tumors are called adenomas and are usually small and asymptomatic. However, some adenomas may produce excessive amounts of hormones, leading to symptoms such as high blood pressure, weight gain, and mood changes.
Malignant adrenal tumors are called adrenocortical carcinomas and are rare but aggressive cancers that can spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma may include abdominal pain, weight loss, and hormonal imbalances.
It is important to diagnose and treat adrenal gland neoplasms early to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Diagnostic tests may include imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, as well as hormone level testing and biopsy. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Furin is not a medical condition or disease, but rather it is a type of enzyme that belongs to the group of proteases. It's also known as paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme (PACE) or convertase 6.
Furin plays an essential role in processing and activating various proteins in the body, particularly those involved in cell signaling, growth regulation, and viral infectivity. Furin works by cutting or cleaving specific amino acid sequences in proteins, allowing them to become active and perform their functions.
In a medical context, furin is often discussed in relation to its role in activating certain viruses, such as HIV, influenza, and coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2). Inhibiting furin activity has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating these viral infections.
Neuroendocrine Secretory Protein 7B2 (NESP7B2) is defined as a protein that is encoded by the 7B2 gene in humans. This protein is primarily produced in neuroendocrine cells, including those found in the brain and the endocrine system. NESP7B2 has a molecular weight of approximately 29 kDa and is composed of 256 amino acids.
One of the primary functions of NESP7B2 is to regulate the activity of another protein called prohormone convertase 2 (PC2). PC2 is involved in the processing and activation of various hormones and neurotransmitters, and NESP7B2 helps to control its activity by binding to it and inhibiting its action.
NESP7B2 has also been found to have a role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis and may be involved in the development and function of the nervous system. Mutations in the 7B2 gene have been associated with certain medical conditions, including some forms of cancer and neurological disorders.
Prostatic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the prostate gland, which can be benign or malignant. The term "neoplasm" simply means new or abnormal tissue growth. When it comes to the prostate, neoplasms are often referred to as tumors.
Benign prostatic neoplasms, such as prostate adenomas, are non-cancerous overgrowths of prostate tissue. They usually grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. While they can cause uncomfortable symptoms like difficulty urinating, they are generally not life-threatening.
Malignant prostatic neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous growths. The most common type of prostate cancer is adenocarcinoma, which arises from the glandular cells in the prostate. Prostate cancer often grows slowly and may not cause any symptoms for many years. However, some types of prostate cancer can be aggressive and spread quickly to other parts of the body, such as the bones or lymph nodes.
It's important to note that while prostate neoplasms can be concerning, early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for many men. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are key to monitoring prostate health and catching any potential issues early on.
PC12 cell line
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate
DNAJC5
SYT9
SYT1
Philip Lazarovici
Laminin 111
RAP1GAP
Nucleolin
Biomimetic material
Linsidomine
Bulbocapnine
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2
Tissue-type plasminogen activator
Gaseous signaling molecules
RAB3B
RAB3A
Hydrogen cyanide
RPH3A
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1
Neuroserpin
NAB2
Norsalsolinol
VGF
SIM2
PPP1R1B
NISCH
Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
SYTL4
Diallyl disulfide
PC12 cell line - Wikipedia
PC12 Cells - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) induces neuronal differentiation and survival of PC12 cells
Posttranscriptional regulation of GAP-43 gene expression in PC12 cells through protein kinase C-dependent stabilization of the...
Selenium modulates inorganic mercury induced cytotoxicity and intrinsic apoptosis in PC12 cells : HUSCAP
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione protects PC12 cells against amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>) induced apoptosis via activation of...
PC-12 HD-Q23: Cell Lines 14 and 7 | Cell Lines - Ximbio
PC12 neuron-like cell response to electrospun poly( 3-hydroxybutyrate) substrates
Cytoprotective Role of Intracelluar Iron on Serum-starved PC12 Cells under NGF
PKA-Mediated Regulation of B/K Gene Transcription in PC12 Cells - 학지사ㆍ교보문고 스콜라
Study of specific binding and uptake of ligand(peptide)-coated liposomes by cells PC12 cells
Differential Effects of Silibinin A on Mitochondrial Function in Neuronal PC12 and HepG2 Liver Cells
The effect of complement C5a on mitochondrial functions of PC12 cells<...
Inhibition of Ca2+ channels via alpha 2-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors in pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells - MDC Repository
Versatile roles of R-Ras GAP in neurite formation of PC12 cells and embryonic vascular development<...
Frontiers | Design and adsorption of modular engineered proteins to prepare customized, neuron-compatible coatings
Production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from kimchi and its neuroprotective effect on...
Nerve growth factor induces neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells by promoting Gβγ-microtubule interaction | BMC Neuroscience | Full...
Physical mobilization of secretory vesicles facilitates neuropeptide release by nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells<...
B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP. -...
Changes of energy metabolism induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>)-Related compounds in rat pheochromocytoma...
Altmetric - Comparison of neurons derived from mouse P19, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y cells in the assessment of chemical- and...
Indirubin-3-Oxime Effectively Prevents 6OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells via Activating MEF2D Through the Inhibition of...
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (Hydroxytyrosol) Mitigates the Increase in Spontaneous Oxidation of Dopamine During Monoamine...
Neuroprotective effects of NDEELNK from sea cucumber ovum against scopolamine-induced PC12 cell damage through enhancing energy...
GenJet In Vitro DNA Transfection Reagent for PC-12 Cell [SL100489-PC12] - $166.00 : SignaGen Laboratories, A Gene Delivery...
Protective effect of arachidonic acid and linoleic acid on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced toxicity in PC12 cells | Lipids...
Protective Effect of Punica granatum L. against Serum/Glucose
Plus it
Caused neuronal1
- PC12 cells were used to find which prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
Differentiation18
- It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell model because of its extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture, and the large amount of information on their proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- This makes PC12 cells useful as a model system for neuronal differentiation and neurosecretion. (wikipedia.org)
- PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR , making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- ASK1 thus appears to mediate signals leading to both differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
- To study the cellular mechanisms for this post-transcriptional control and to determine the contribution of mRNA stability to GAP-43 gene expression, we examined the effects of several agents that affect PC12 cell differentiation on the level of induction and rate of degradation of the GAP-43 mRNA. (rupress.org)
- The phorbol ester-induced stabilization of GAP-43 mRNA was blocked by the protein kinase inhibitor polymyxin B and was partially inhibited by dexamethasone, an agent that blocks GAP-43 expression and neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells. (rupress.org)
- PC12 pheochromocytoma cells that mimic central dopaminergic neurons and represent a model for neuronal differentiation were cultured on collagen-coated fibres to evaluate cell response dependence on substrate topography. (unipi.it)
- Cell differentiation was examined in terms of neurite number, orientation and length 6 days after administration of nerve growth factor (NGF). (unipi.it)
- These results show essential roles of R-Ras GAP in development and differentiation: its expression is needed for embryonic development of blood vessel barriers, whereas its down-regulation facilitates NGF-induced neurite formation of PC12 cells via maintaining activated R-Ras. (elsevierpure.com)
- Here, we report that Gβγ, an important component of the GPCR pathway, is critical for NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In further support of a role of Gβγ-MT interaction in neuronal differentiation, it was observed that overexpression of Gβγ in PC12 cells induced neurite outgrowth in the absence of added NGF. (biomedcentral.com)
- Over the years, pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells have been used as a model to study neuronal differentiation because they respond to nerve growth factor (NGF) and exhibit a typical phenotype of neuronal cells sending out neurites [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Studies in developing rodents indicate that nicotine is a neuroteratogen that disrupts brain development by stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that control neural cell replication and differentiation. (nature.com)
- Essentially, by providing excessive cholinergic stimulation throughout fetal life, nicotine discoordinates the numerous events in cell replication, differentiation and synaptic development that are necessary to the proper assembly of the mammalian brain. (nature.com)
- Objective: To investigate the induction of tanshinone [1 A (Tan fl A) on the differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) into cardiomyocytes, and to provide an experimental basis for Tan IT A as a cardiomyocytc differentiation inducer. (researchgate.net)
- Gain and loss of function studies have indicated that miRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of all key biological functions such as development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Magnolol induces the distribvutional changes of p160 and adipose differentiation-related protein in adrenal cells. (ntu.edu.tw)
- Microinjection of the ras oncogene protein into PC12 cells induces morphological differentiation. (cshlpress.com)
Neurons4
- Their embryological origin with neuroblastic cells means they can easily differentiate into neuron-like cells even though they are not considered adult neurons. (wikipedia.org)
- These cells are popular because they are able to synthesize and release catecholamines in a similar manner as dopaminergic neurons and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We believe that they may play an important role as uncommitted cells (like stem cells) start converting into neurons. (ycp.edu)
- To do this, we remove RNA molecules from cells before and after they turn into neurons and then look for circular RNAs whose levels change. (ycp.edu)
Reactive oxygen3
- Key findings: In the present study, we found that D3T pretreatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the intracellular calcium concentration of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells after Aβ 1-42 exposure. (elsevierpure.com)
- In the current study, we have shown, for the first time, that I3O prevented 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA)-induced neuronal apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. (edu.hk)
- Deltamethrin exposure promoted free radical formation in rat brain and reactive oxygen species generation in PC12 cells. (cdc.gov)
Apoptosis13
- Cytotoxic assays have been shown that iHg (5 mu M) caused oxidative stress and intrinsic apoptosis via ROS generation, oxidizing glutathione, damaging DNA, degrading cell membrane integrity, down-regulating mTOR, p-mTOR, akt and ERK1, and up-regulating cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome c release in PC12 cells 48 h after incubation. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- Co-treatment of Se (5 mu M) inhibited intrinsic apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by iHg (5 mu M) via inhibiting ROS formation, boosting GPx contents, increasing reduced glutathione, limiting DNA degradation, improving cell membrane integrity, up-regulating mTOR, p-mTOR, akt, ERK1 and caspase 3, and down-regulating cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome c leakage in PC12 cells. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- Aims: Increasing evidence displays that deposition of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ) leads to neuronal cell apoptosis, thus aggravates the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (elsevierpure.com)
- Main methods: MTT, DCFH-DA assay, LDH release assay, Fluo-3 AM assay, Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to examine cell viability, ROS level, LDH release, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, cell apoptosis and related proteins level respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
- In addition, D3T pretreatment inhibited Aβ 1-42 induced cell apoptosis as well as protein levels of Bax and Caspase-3 in PC12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Significance: Taken together, these findings suggest that D3T protects PC12 cells against Aβ 1-42 induced apoptosis through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
- Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to produce nitric oxide (NO) in PC12 cells, and an iron-NO complex such as dinitro-iron complex (DNIC) is found to keep the cells from apoptosis by inhibiting their caspase activation. (en-journal.org)
- Apoptosis allows for efficient and immunologically silent removal of damaged or superfluous cells in multicellular organisms. (nature.com)
- the expression levels of protein associated with apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) of SKO-007 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method. (researchgate.net)
- Objective: To investigate the effects of prion protein 106-126 peptide on inducing apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. (researchgate.net)
- Conclusion: Prion protein 106-126 peptide can induce apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells and present cellular toxicity definitely. (researchgate.net)
- Our results showed that lip OB significantly ameliorated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuron loss in vivo and prevented MPP + -triggered cell viability reduction and apoptosis in vitro. (hindawi.com)
- Need for caspases in apoptosis of trophic factor-deprived PC12 cells. (offbeatguides.com)
Pheochromocytoma Cell Line1
- We report here that expression of constitutively active ASK1 (ASK1DeltaN) induces neurite outgrowth in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. (nih.gov)
Human SH-SY5Y cells2
- In human SH-SY5Y cells, the luciferase assay implied that Sirt2 was likely a target of miRNA-339. (hindawi.com)
- Overexpression of miR-339 downregulated Sirt2 expression, while knockdown of miR-339 upregulated Sirt2 expression in human SH-SY5Y cells and rat PC12 cells. (hindawi.com)
Dopamine6
- The vesicles hold catecholamines, mostly dopamine, but also limited amount of norepinephrine, and release of these neurotransmitters give rise to spikes due to changes in current similar to chromaffin cells. (wikipedia.org)
- PC12 cells have been researched to evaluate the potential for pharmaceutical alternation of dopamine metabolites such as DOPAL, an autotoxin implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to the monoamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) pathway, PC12 cells have been reported to express both the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell adhesion, viability and proliferation, as well as dopamine production were evaluated after three days since seeding. (unipi.it)
- Results showed that proliferating PC12 cells secreted a higher quantity of dopamine on fibres with respect to control cultures and as a result, a possible use of PHB fibres was considered for cell transplantation in the central nervous system when local production of dopamine is impaired. (unipi.it)
- Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on dopamine release from PC12 cells. (cdc.gov)
Nerve12
- PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor or dexamethasone. (wikipedia.org)
- Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor creates cells with long processes known as neurite varicosities, which contain small amounts of vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
- PC12 cells treated for 10-14 days with nerve growth factor had no release of vesicles from the cell body which indicates the aggregation of vesicles in the ends of the neurites. (wikipedia.org)
- We have previously shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) selectively stabilizes the GAP-43 mRNA in PC12 cells. (rupress.org)
- The exact function of this protein is not known, but it plays an important role in nerve cells homeostasis. (ximbio.com)
- We found that R-Ras GAP is down-regulated during neurite formation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by nerve growth factor (NGF), which is blocked by the transient expression of R-Ras gap or dominant negative R-ras cDNA. (elsevierpure.com)
- Evidence suggests that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by activating the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here, high resolution green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based measurements in nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells are used to test whether altering dense core vesicle (DCV) motion affects neuropeptide release. (elsevierpure.com)
- Ng, YK , Lu, X & Levitan, ES 2002, ' Physical mobilization of secretory vesicles facilitates neuropeptide release by nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells ', Journal of Physiology , vol. 542, no. 2, pp. 395-402. (elsevierpure.com)
- Our results demonstrated that NDEELNK supplementation alleviated scopolamine -induced PC12 cell damage by improving the cholinergic system, increasing energy metabolism and upregulating the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and nerve growth factor ( NGF ) signaling proteins in in vitro experiments. (bvsalud.org)
- Methods: After differentiated by nerve growth factor (NGF), the PC12 cells were infected by prion protein 106-126 peptide. (researchgate.net)
- the chromaffin cells settle near the sympathetic ganglia, the vagus nerve, paraganglia, and carotid arteries. (medscape.com)
Neurites1
- Differentiated PC12 cells were characterized by highly aligned and longer neurites on parallel PHB fibres with respect to random fibres, thereby demonstrating the suitability of parallel PHB fibres for further studies in peripheral nervous system regeneration. (unipi.it)
Pathway6
- A contrary view regarding expression of the serotonin pathway by PC12 cells was expressed by the investigators who first established this cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- We examined the specific signaling pathway that regulates the transcription of B/K in PC12 cells. (kyobobook.co.kr)
- B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP. (wikidata.org)
- Thus, the three structurally related compounds, MPP + , paraquat, and analog 1, showed different effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the glycolytic pathway in PC 12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
- Neuroprotective effects of NDEELNK from sea cucumber ovum against scopolamine-induced PC12 cell damage through enhancing energy metabolism and upregulation of the PKA/BDNF/NGF signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
- Use of polarized PC12 cells to monitor protein localization in the early biosynthetic pathway. (uib.no)
Cellular4
- Together with previous reports indicating that ASK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic signaling intermediate, these results suggest that ASK1 has a broad range of biological activities depending on cell types and/or cellular context. (nih.gov)
- Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
- This dissertation, "The Effects of L-tetrahydropalmatine and Rhynchophylline, Alkaloids Derived From Herbal Medicines, on Cellular and Molecular Neurotoxicity of Cocaine in PC12 Cells" by Xiao, Zhang, 弹瀜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. (google.ru)
- Highly efficient cellular labeling of mesoporous nanoparticles in human mesenchymal stem cells: implication for stem cell tracking. (ntu.edu.tw)
Proteins6
- PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. (wikipedia.org)
- We also observed that ASK1DeltaN induced expression of several neuron-specific proteins and phosphorylation of neurofilament proteins, confirming that PC12 cells differentiated into mature neuronal cells by ASK1. (nih.gov)
- Four pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins were identified in membranes of PC-12 cells: two members of the Gi family, Gi1 and Gi2, and two members of the Go family, Go2 and another Go subtype (possibly Go1). (mdc-berlin.de)
- A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. (frontiersin.org)
- We identified 231 proteins released from actomyosin contraction-dependent blebs and apoptotic bodies by adapted SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) combined with mass spectrometry analysis. (nature.com)
- Autophagy has a variety of complex physiological and pathophysiological roles, such as adaptation to nutrient starvation, clearance of damaged intracellular proteins and organelles, cell development, antiaging, elimination of microorganisms, cell death, tumor suppression, and antigen presentation. (moleculardevices.com)
Toxicity2
- The purpose of this research was to investigate ameliorations of Se counter to iHg-mediated toxicity in PC12 cells. (hokudai.ac.jp)
- Both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are able to inhibit MPP + -induced toxicity in PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuronal cells1
- Moreover, culture extracts of Lb. buchneri MS partially or completely protected neuronal cells against neurotoxicant-induced cell death. (nih.gov)
Serum-starved3
- Moreover, ASK1DeltaN-expressing PC12 cells survived in serum-starved condition. (nih.gov)
- Previously we observed that serum-starved PC12 cells maintained their viability only for a couple of days even in the presence of NGF. (en-journal.org)
- Therefore, we examined whether any increase of intracellular iron in serum-starved PC12 cells could block the cell death even in the presence of NGF (N-death). (en-journal.org)
Viability3
- Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cells treated with 500 μM MPP + for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. (biomedcentral.com)
- Cell viability was determined by using the MTT assay and the morphological changes were observed. (researchgate.net)
Proliferation1
- In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
Outgrowth3
- ASK1DeltaN-induced neurite outgrowth was strongly inhibited by treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 but not with the MEK inhibitors, suggesting that activation of p38, rather than of ERK, is required for the neurite-inducing activity of ASK1 in PC12 cells. (nih.gov)
- Neuronal outgrowth is a complex process in which two distinct domains emerge from the cell body: a long, thin axon that transmits signals, and multiple shorter dendrites, which are specialized primarily for receiving signals. (biomedcentral.com)
- Similarly, indices of cell loss (reduced DNA), cell size and neuritic outgrowth (protein/DNA and membrane/total protein ratios) were distinct for each region and did not necessarily follow the rank order of nAChR upregulation, suggesting the involvement of additional mechanisms such as oxidative stress. (nature.com)
Peptide3
- Possible employment of cell-specific peptide for the specific adsorption and uptake by cells. (msk.ru)
- It was shown, that apoprotein E 139-158 peptide increases liposomal binding followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis by cells PC12. (msk.ru)
- These results demonstrated that the sea cucumber ovum peptide -derived NDEELNK might play a protective role in PC12 cells . (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition3
- Using PC12 cells, we demonstrated that exposure to C5a led to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities. (edu.au)
- Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin or intracellular infusion of the GDP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was without effects on the control Ca2+ channel current but abolished its hormonal inhibition. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Notably, inhibition of the CaMKK (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase) had little affect on GLUT translocation, whereas the inhibition or knockdown of AMPK (compound C, siRNA) activity prevented GLUT3 translocation to the cell surface after glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
Cytotoxicity1
- In the current study, the potential of two omega-6 fatty acids (i.e. arachidonic acid and linoleic acid) in alleviating 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells was examined. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial1
- The untreated cells were stained with the orange mitochondrial integrity dye. (moleculardevices.com)
Regulation3
- Posttranscriptional regulation of GAP-43 gene expression in PC12 cells through protein kinase C-dependent stabilization of the mRNA. (rupress.org)
- By establishing a PC12 subclone that stably expresses exogenous R-Ras GAP, it was found that NGF reduced endogenous R-Ras GAP but not exogenous R-Ras GAP, suggesting that down-regulation of R-Ras GAP occurs at the transcription level. (elsevierpure.com)
- In summary, our data suggest that the activation of AMPK and its regulation of cell surface GLUT3 expression is critical in mediating neuronal tolerance to excitotoxicity. (jneurosci.org)
Adrenal4
- PC12 is a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla, that have an embryonic origin from the neural crest that has a mixture of neuroblastic cells and eosinophilic cells. (wikipedia.org)
- A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- Biochemical studies have suggested a voltage-dependent dihydropyridine-sensitive catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
- PC12, a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla, is used widely as a model for catecholaminergic transmission. (biomedcentral.com)
Overexpression1
- Overexpression of neuronal intermediate filament protein internexin in PC 12 cells. (ntu.edu.tw)
Energy metabolism1
- We examined effects of three structurally related pyridinium compounds, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ), paraquat, and l-methyl-4-(4'- nitrophenyl) pyridinium (analog 1), on the energy metabolism in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Morphological1
- In addition to maintenance of membrane integrity, apoptotic cells can be discriminated from viable counterparts based on several morphological hallmarks, including cell contraction, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and actomyosin contraction-dependent membrane blebbing and apoptotic body formation. (nature.com)
Reagent1
- GenJet DNA In Vitro Transfection Reagent for PC12 cell is pre-optimized for most efficiently trans fecting PC12 cells. (signagen.com)
Translocation1
- We have characterized an AMP-mediated activation of AMPK that facilitates the translocation of GLUT3 to the neuronal cell surface after excitation. (jneurosci.org)
Gene2
- Inducible lines in PC12 (rat phaeochromocytoma) cells, which express a GFP-tagged exon 1 fragment of the HD gene with 23 glutamine repeats (cell lines 14 and 7), driven by a doxycycline (dox)-dependent Tet-On promoter. (ximbio.com)
- Taken together, we suggest that the transcription of B/K gene in PC12 cells may be regulated by PKA-dependent mechanism. (kyobobook.co.kr)
Glycoprotein1
- Cross-linking of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 induced death of activated T cells. (ntu.edu.tw)
Neurotransmitter1
- Fetal brain regions and peripheral tissues were examined for nAChR subtypes, other neurotransmitter receptors, and indices of cell signaling and cell damage. (nature.com)
Rats1
- Chronic exposure of rats resulted in increased thyroid follicular cell tumors from sustained perturbation of thyroid hormone homeostasis. (cdc.gov)
ATCC1
- PC12 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, CRL-1721.1). (biomedcentral.com)
Membrane1
- This cell line has been used to understand the role of synaptotagmin in vesicle-cell membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
Assay2
- The PC-12 HD-Q23 cell lines 14 and 7 can be used for in-vitro assay development for neurodegenerative diseases. (ximbio.com)
- The PC12 human neuroblastoma cell line was used as a model for assay development. (moleculardevices.com)
Biol2
- J Cell Biol (1993) 120 (5): 1263-1270. (rupress.org)
- Cell Biol. (ntu.edu.tw)
Neurotrophic1
- Mechanism of neurotrophic action of nobiletin in PC12D cells. (rochester.edu)
Neural4
- Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
- Of specific interest is the role that nanoscale cell-surface interactions play in the biocompatibility of neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
- Grenier states, "Our research could indicate that a novel genetic material had an influence in the development of a cancerous neural cell. (ycp.edu)
- In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
Methods1
- Methods: The human multiple myeloma SKO-007 cells in logarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into control group, LDM group, BZM group, and BZM combined with LDM group. (researchgate.net)
Vesicles1
- However, facilitator-induced physical mobilization of secretory vesicles has not been observed directly in living cells, and recent experimental results call this hypothesis into question. (elsevierpure.com)
Chromaffin cell1
- The biosynthesis and storage of catecholamines in chromaffin cell tumors may differ from the biosynthesis and storage in the normal medulla. (medscape.com)
Apoptotic cells3
- 10 9 apoptotic events occurring per day in human adult tissues, it is surprisingly difficult to histologically detect apoptotic cells due to the rapid recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells. (nature.com)
- Apoptotic cells which nucleolus shrinked and rounded could be coloured orange by fluorescent colouration. (researchgate.net)
- Nuclear efflux of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 in apoptotic cells: a novel nuclear export dependent on Rho-associated kinase activation. (ntu.edu.tw)
Line7
- This cell line was first cultured by Greene and Tischler in 1976. (wikipedia.org)
- Other organics have been studied using this cell line to understand their effects on PC12 cells These types of studies show that use of PC12 cell line can be a model for past and future neurotoxicological studies. (wikipedia.org)
- The PC12 cell line has been used to get more information about diseases of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- Effect of forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP and CGS21680 was significantly reduced in PKA-deficient PC12 cell line (PC12-123.7). (kyobobook.co.kr)
- A higly phagocytic cell line TO from Atlantic salmon is CD83 positive and M-CSFR negative, indicating a dendritic-like cell type. (uib.no)
- No PrP TSE or infectivity has been detected in any exposed cell line under study so far. (cdc.gov)
- An epithelial cell line initiated from a human bone metastasis of a grade IV prostatic ADENOCARCINOMA. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor1
- Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were incubated with hydroxytyrosol (10 µM, 180 min) alone or with the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline (1 nM) or the MAO-B inhibitors rasagiline or selegiline (0.5 µM). (tau.ac.il)
Significantly reduced1
- Linoleic acid (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced MPP + -induced cell death back to ~85-90% of the control value. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects5
- These observations are the first documented intracellular effects noted for the complement molecule C5a in in-vitro cultured cells. (edu.au)
- Therefore, in this study we investigated the possible protective effects of different extracts of pomegranate against SGD-induced PC12 cells injury. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Similarly, Vitamin C supplementation had mixed effects, increasing nAChR responses while providing protection from cell damage in the caudate, the brain region most susceptible to oxidative stress. (nature.com)
- To evaluate effects on autophagy, cells were treated with various concentrations of chloroquine or verapamil for 48 h. (moleculardevices.com)
- Furthermore, silencing PINK1 compromised the beneficial effects of lip OB on MPP + -treated PC12 cells. (hindawi.com)
Survival1
- The berry fruits are also capable of modulating signaling pathways involved in inflammation, cell survival, neurotransmission and enhancing neuroplasticity. (lww.com)
Tissues3
- In the last decade, the importance of topographic properties of extracellular environments has been shown to be essential to addressing cell response, especially when replacing damaged tissues with functional constructs obtained in vitro. (unipi.it)
- Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues. (moleculardevices.com)
- The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. (hindawi.com)
Ligand1
- As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria1
- The algorithms detect and characterize small objects, such as autophagosomes or mitochondria in the cytoplasm of cells, while using the nuclear marker to segment cells. (moleculardevices.com)
Vitro1
- in vitro evaluation of chemical-induced neurotoxicity in #Cells @ECACC cells in research! (altmetric.com)
Results1
- All these results suggest that iron block the N-death by reducing the NO accumulated in a cell under a continual presence of NGF. (en-journal.org)
Contrast3
- In contrast, the rates of degradation and the levels of the GAP-43 mRNA in control and TPA-treated cells were not affected by cycloheximide treatment. (rupress.org)
- In contrast, dendritic MTs, bundled instead by MAP2, have a mixed orientation, with their plus ends facing either the dendritic tips or the cell body. (biomedcentral.com)
- In contrast, animals inoculated with cells exposed to the BSE agent remained asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)