Papio cynocephalus
Peromyscus
Fadrozole
Dihydrotestosterone
Testosterone
Parental care and clutch sizes in North and South American birds. (1/195)
The evolutionary causes of small clutch sizes in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions are poorly understood. Alexander Skutch proposed 50 years ago that higher nest predation in the south constrains the rate at which parent birds can deliver food to young and thereby constrains clutch size by limiting the number of young that parents can feed. This hypothesis for explaining differences in clutch size and parental behaviors between latitudes has remained untested. Here, a detailed study of bird species in Arizona and Argentina shows that Skutch's hypothesis explains clutch size variation within North and South America. However, neither Skutch's hypothesis nor two major alternatives explain differences between latitudes. (+info)Parental smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of neuroblastoma. (2/195)
Previous studies and animal evidence have suggested a relationship between parental tobacco or alcohol use and the risk of some childhood cancers, including neuroblastoma. A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of neuroblastoma. Cases were children diagnosed with neuroblastoma over the period 1992-1994 at Children's Cancer Group and Pediatric Oncology Group institutions throughout the United States and Canada. One matched control was selected using random-digit dialing. Information on parental smoking and drinking history was obtained from 504 case and 504 control parents by telephone interview. Overall, there was no consistent pattern of association with parental smoking and alcohol consumption. For example, both maternal smoking and drinking during the period from 1 month before pregnancy through breastfeeding had adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8-1.4]. There was no association with paternal smoking (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.6) or paternal drinking 1 month before conception (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.4). There was no consistent increase in risk by the amount of smoking or drinking during any time period relative to pregnancy. There was no suggestion of an increased risk when only one parent smoked. Smoking or drinking among both parents did not jointly increase the risk of neuroblastoma in their offspring. The child's age at diagnosis, stage, or MYCN oncogene amplification status did not materially alter the OR estimates. It is concluded that the results from this study do not indicate any evidence for a relationship between neuroblastoma and parental tobacco or alcohol use. (+info)The morality of coercion. (3/195)
The author congratulates Dr Brian Hurwitz, who recently reported the successful "intimidation" of an elderly competent widow into accepting badly needed therapy for a huge ulcerated carcinoma. He reports approvingly of the Israeli Patients' Rights Law, enacted in 1996, which demands detailed informed consent from competent patients before permitting treatment. But the law also provides an escape clause which permits coercing a competent patient into accepting life-saving therapy if an ethics committee feels that if treatment is imposed the patient will give his/her consent retroactively. He suggests this approach as an appropriate middle road between overbearing paternalism and untrammelled autonomy. (+info)Parental care in the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix aurita) in wild and captive groups. (4/195)
Studies on cooperative care of offspring in callitrichid primates are biased in favor of observations in captivity. In the wild, however, individuals have to deal with environmental pressures, which may influence their social behavior. We compared the individual effort attributed to parental care offered by members of a wild group (couple, plus a subadult helper) and two captive groups (A: couple, plus an subadult helper, B: couple, plus four adult helpers) of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix aurita, from weeks 1-12 after the infants' birth. The carrier (breeding male and female or helper) and the infant's feeding (food sharing and foraging for food) were recorded. Up to week four, while the wild breeding pair shared infant carrying at similar proportions, the male from captive group A carried 100% of the time. Adult helpers from group B were the main carriers. Carrying behavior extended up to week 12 only in the wild group. Food provisioning to the infant was observed earlier in the groups wild and A, but general proportion of feeding records was lower in the wild than in captivity. Energetic cost of travelling and searching for food may be associated with equal division of carrying behavior by the wild breeding pair. Higher proportions of carrying in the groups wild and B may have delayed the development of the infants' motor skills required in foraging. Our data agree with previous studies: the father's lower investment in carrying when adult helpers are present and lower contribution of subadult non-reproductive members. (+info)Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds. (5/195)
Life history theory predicts that parents should value their own survival over that of their offspring in species with a higher probability of adult survival and fewer offspring. We report that Southern Hemisphere birds have higher adult survival and smaller clutch sizes than Northern Hemisphere birds. We subsequently manipulated predation risk to adults versus offspring in 10 species that were paired between North and South America on the basis of phylogeny and ecology. As predicted, southern parents responded more strongly to reduce mortality risk to themselves even at a cost to their offspring, whereas northern parents responded more strongly to reduce risk to their offspring even at greater risk to themselves. (+info)Febrile seizures and parental anxiety: does information help? (6/195)
AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the effect of febrile seizures on the behaviour and emotional situation of parents in order to improve our attitude towards these children and parents in future. METHODS: We analysed 135 questionnaires on parents' behaviour and emotional situation during and after a febrile seizure in their children. RESULTS: Febrile seizures were unknown to 44% of the parents. 121 parents (91%) reported severe anxiety on witnessing the first febrile seizure. In 69% the anxiety was so strong, that the parents believed their child would die. Severe anxiety was significantly associated with lack of knowledge about febrile seizures: 79% (no knowledge of febrile seizures) versus 59% (with knowledge). The level of anxiety appeared to be associated with low educational level, but not with ethnic background or income. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that knowledge of febrile seizures among concerned parents in our region remains insufficient. The results are ambiguous. On the one hand we found an association between severe anxiety and lack of knowledge on febrile seizures, suggesting that information prior to the first febrile seizure might reduce the anxiety level and thus lead to appropriate reactions in case of recurrence. On the other hand although parents knew about febrile seizures, they still had very high anxiety levels and would react inappropriately in case of recurrence. Therefore if information is provided to parents, it must be specific, especially about which measures are to be taken or avoided respectively. A prospective study to observe positive and negative effects of preventive information is needed. (+info)Brighter yellow blue tits make better parents. (7/195)
Whether or not bird ornaments are a signal for direct (e.g. good parents) or indirect (e.g. good genes) benefits to prospective partners in sexual selection is controversial. Carotene coloration in Parus species is directly related to the ingestion of caterpillars, so that a brightly carotene-coloured tit may be signalling its ability to find caterpillars, a main high-quality food source for good fledgling development, and hence its parental abilities. If carotene-based plumage coloration is related to the good-parent hypothesis, we predict that yellow plumage brightness of tit fathers should be positively correlated to their investment in offspring provisioning. Here, we use cross-fostering experiments in blue tits (Parus caeruleus) to show that chick development (as measured by tarsus length) is related to yellowness of the foster father, but not to that of the genetic parents. Using these data, we were able to measure, for the first time to our knowledge, the separate contribution of genetic and environmental factors (i.e. parental plumage coloration) to chick development, and hence parental investment. Our data, which relate carotenoid coloration to models of good parents, and data from other authors, which relate ultraviolet coloration to good-genes models, stress that different kinds of coloration within an individual may provide different units of information to prospective females. (+info)The evolution of avian parental care. (8/195)
A stage model traces key behavioural tactics and life-history traits that are involved in the transition from promiscuity with no parental care, the mating system that typifies reptiles, to that typical of most birds, social monogamy with biparental care. In stage I, females assumed increasing parental investment in precocial young, female choice of mates increased, female-biased mating dispersal evolved and population sex ratios became male biased. In stage II, consortships between mating partners allowed males to attract rare social mates, provided a mechanism for paternity assessment and increased female ability to assess mate quality. In stage III, relative female scarcity enabled females to demand parental investment contributions from males having some paternity certainty. This innovation was facilitated by the nature of avian parental care; i.e. most care-giving activities can be adopted in small units. Moreover, the initial cost of care giving to males was small compared with its benefit to females. Males, however, tended to decline to assume non-partitionable, risky, or relatively costly parental activities. In stage IV, altriciality coevolved with increasing biparental care, resulting in social monogamy. Approaches for testing behavioural hypotheses are suggested. (+info)"Paternal behavior" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general, it refers to the nurturing and protective behaviors exhibited by a male animal or human towards their offspring. In humans, paternal behavior can include providing financial support, emotional care, and protection for their children. It can also involve active involvement in child-rearing activities such as feeding, bathing, playing, teaching, and disciplining.
In some cases, "paternal behavior" may be used to describe a syndrome or set of behaviors exhibited by individuals who have a particular genetic mutation associated with increased paternal caregiving. However, this is not a widely recognized medical term or condition.
It's worth noting that the study of paternal behavior and its impact on child development has gained increasing attention in recent years, as researchers seek to better understand the complex interplay between genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that shape parenting behaviors and outcomes for children.
"Papio cynocephalus" is a scientific name for a species of old world monkey, commonly known as the yellow baboon. It's not typically used in a medical context, but I can provide some general biological information about it if that would be helpful.
Yellow baboons are native to the savannas and woodlands of eastern and southern Africa. They have a distinct appearance with a dog-like face (hence the species name "cynocephalus," which means "dog-headed" in Greek) and a long, close-set coat that is yellowish-brown or olive green in color. Adult males can weigh between 33 to 82 pounds (15 to 37 kg), while females are smaller and typically weigh between 14 to 33 pounds (6 to 15 kg).
Yellow baboons live in large social groups called troops, which can consist of up to 200 individuals. They have a complex hierarchical social structure based on age, sex, and dominance. Their diet is omnivorous, consisting of fruits, seeds, nuts, insects, and small vertebrates.
In terms of medical relevance, yellow baboons are sometimes used as animal models in biomedical research due to their close genetic relationship with humans (they share about 96% of their DNA sequence with us). However, it's important to note that using non-human primates in research is a controversial topic and subject to ethical considerations.
"Peromyscus" is not a medical term, but a genus of rodents commonly known as "deer mice." They are small mammals that belong to the family Cricetidae and are found in various parts of North America. Peromyscus mice can carry and transmit diseases, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), although they are not typically referred to in a medical context unless discussing potential zoonotic risks.
Fadrozole is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor drug that is used in the treatment of breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors work by blocking the production of estrogen, which some types of breast cancer cells need to grow. By reducing the amount of estrogen in the body, fadrozole can help slow or stop the growth of these cancer cells.
Fadrozole is typically used as a treatment for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. It may be used as a first-line therapy or after other treatments have failed. The drug is administered orally, and the typical dosage is 1-2 mg per day.
Like all medications, fadrozole can cause side effects, including hot flashes, nausea, vomiting, and joint pain. In some cases, it may also cause more serious side effects such as liver damage or an increased risk of bone fractures. Patients taking fadrozole should be monitored closely by their healthcare provider to ensure that the drug is working effectively and to manage any side effects that may occur.
Sexual behavior in animals refers to a variety of behaviors related to reproduction and mating that occur between members of the same species. These behaviors can include courtship displays, mating rituals, and various physical acts. The specific forms of sexual behavior displayed by a given species are influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.
In some animals, sexual behavior is closely tied to reproductive cycles and may only occur during certain times of the year or under specific conditions. In other species, sexual behavior may be more frequent and less closely tied to reproduction, serving instead as a means of social bonding or communication.
It's important to note that while humans are animals, the term "sexual behavior" is often used in a more specific sense to refer to sexual activities between human beings. The study of sexual behavior in animals is an important area of research within the field of animal behavior and can provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human sexual behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms that drive it.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a sex hormone and androgen that plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of male characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It is synthesized from testosterone through the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase. DHT is essential for the normal development of the male genitalia during fetal development and for the maturation of the sexual organs at puberty.
In addition to its role in sexual development, DHT also contributes to the growth of hair follicles, the health of the prostate gland, and the maintenance of bone density. However, an excess of DHT has been linked to certain medical conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness).
DHT exerts its effects by binding to androgen receptors in various tissues throughout the body. Once bound, DHT triggers a series of cellular responses that regulate gene expression and influence the growth and differentiation of cells. In some cases, these responses can lead to unwanted side effects, such as hair loss or prostate enlargement.
Medications that block the action of 5-alpha reductase, such as finasteride and dutasteride, are sometimes used to treat conditions associated with excess DHT production. These drugs work by reducing the amount of DHT available to bind to androgen receptors, thereby alleviating symptoms and slowing disease progression.
In summary, dihydrotestosterone is a potent sex hormone that plays a critical role in male sexual development and function. While it is essential for normal growth and development, an excess of DHT has been linked to certain medical conditions, such as BPH and androgenetic alopecia. Medications that block the action of 5-alpha reductase are sometimes used to treat these conditions by reducing the amount of DHT available to bind to androgen receptors.
Testosterone is a steroid hormone that belongs to androsten class of hormones. It is primarily secreted by the Leydig cells in the testes of males and, to a lesser extent, by the ovaries and adrenal glands in females. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone and anabolic steroid. It plays a key role in the development of masculine characteristics, such as body hair and muscle mass, and contributes to bone density, fat distribution, red cell production, and sex drive. In females, testosterone contributes to sexual desire and bone health. Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol and its production is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
'Animal behavior' refers to the actions or responses of animals to various stimuli, including their interactions with the environment and other individuals. It is the study of the actions of animals, whether they are instinctual, learned, or a combination of both. Animal behavior includes communication, mating, foraging, predator avoidance, and social organization, among other things. The scientific study of animal behavior is called ethology. This field seeks to understand the evolutionary basis for behaviors as well as their physiological and psychological mechanisms.
Feeding behavior refers to the various actions and mechanisms involved in the intake of food and nutrition for the purpose of sustaining life, growth, and health. This complex process encompasses a coordinated series of activities, including:
1. Food selection: The identification, pursuit, and acquisition of appropriate food sources based on sensory cues (smell, taste, appearance) and individual preferences.
2. Preparation: The manipulation and processing of food to make it suitable for consumption, such as chewing, grinding, or chopping.
3. Ingestion: The act of transferring food from the oral cavity into the digestive system through swallowing.
4. Digestion: The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food within the gastrointestinal tract to facilitate nutrient absorption and eliminate waste products.
5. Assimilation: The uptake and utilization of absorbed nutrients by cells and tissues for energy production, growth, repair, and maintenance.
6. Elimination: The removal of undigested material and waste products from the body through defecation.
Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex interplay between neural, hormonal, and psychological factors that help maintain energy balance and ensure adequate nutrient intake. Disruptions in feeding behavior can lead to various medical conditions, such as malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders, and gastrointestinal motility disorders.
Paternal care
Paternal brain
Lauren O'Connell (scientist)
Endocrinology of parenting
Cinderella effect
David C. Geary
Cancer epigenetics
Paternal age effect
Social monogamy in mammalian species
Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
Cyphoderris strepitans
Couvade syndrome
Instinct
The Siege of Pinchgut
Nigel Barber
Appasus
Abedus
Belostomatidae
Climbing mantella
Sociality
Filial cannibalism
California deermouse
Parental care
Giant salamander
Japanese giant salamander
Ek Vivah Aisa Bhi (TV series)
Challenge hypothesis
Ostorhinchus doederleini
Postpartum depression
Epigenetics of schizophrenia
Epigenetics of autism
talks.cam : Maternal and paternal effects on offspring behavior and survival
Detailed analysis of paternal knockout <i>Grb10 </i>mice suggests effects on stability of social behavior, rather than social...
The importance of the paternal behavior in the education process and learning
Role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development | Nature
Paternal care - Wikipedia
How to Recognize the Signs of Paternal Postpartum Depression
Interparental conflict, parent psychopathology, hostile parenting, and child antisocial behavior: Examining the role of...
"Identifying Paternal Behavior in Captive Sumatran (Pongo abelli) and H" by Lilith Frakes
Paternal smoking and maternal protective behaviors at home on infant's saliva cotinine levels - Fingerprint - EdUHK...
Adaptation and Human Behavior | An Anthropological Perspective | Napol
Occurrence of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Belostoma elegans (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)
Anxiety Disorders | Medscape
What Fathers Can Do | DASH | CDC
Come gli stati psichici si traducono in molecole biologiche e come questo cambia la medicina e la psicologia
Carolyn Walsh | Psychology | Memorial University of Newfoundland
Psychosocial and Environmental Pregnancy Risks: Overview, Radiation Exposure, Chemical Exposure
Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Expressed Emotion in Families of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy and Down Syndrome:...
Profile | University of Otago
Kevin Laugero : USDA ARS
Safety around Horses
Parental responses to positive and negative emotions in anxious and nonanxious children
Incarceration and the Family: A Review of Research and Promising Approaches for Serving Fathers and Families | ASPE
A Review of Maternal and Paternal Filicide | Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
Low Testosterone May Make You a Better Father
Library Search | Fatherhood.gov
Toxics | Free Full-Text | Effects of Phthalate Mixtures on Ovarian Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis
The Count of Monte Cristo: Sample A+ Essay: Dantès's Relationship with Abbé Faria | SparkNotes
Sexual behavior2
Maternal and paternal3
- In my talk, I will describe how the behavior and survival of threespined stickleback offspring are influenced by the stress experienced by mothers, the care provided by fathers and the interaction between these maternal and paternal effects. (cam.ac.uk)
- These findings imply that the maternal and paternal genomes may differentially manipulate parental care for their own ends, and thus shaping the evolution of parenting behavior in mammals. (sciencedaily.com)
- For boys' sense of familism, parental influences tended to be less direct, with maternal and paternal education serving as negative predictors, while perceptions that mothers and fathers served as legitimate sources of guidance and advice were positive predictors of familism. (uncg.edu)
Social Behavior2
- The emergence of this approach in anthropology was marked by publication by Aldine in 1979 of an earlier collection of studies edited by Chagnon and Irons entitled Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective . (taylorfrancis.com)
- Kenkel WM , Kingsbury MA, Reinhart JM, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Carter CS , Perkeybile AM. Lasting consequences on physiology and social behavior following cesarean delivery in prairie voles. (neurotree.org)
Aggressive behaviors3
- Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive behaviors, and does not address social dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. (bath.ac.uk)
- Under the right circumstances these aggressive behaviors can be transferred against humans. (whmentors.org)
- The best response is empathy, as aggravation can lead to aggressive behaviors that put the child at risk. (vice.com)
Fathers16
- It was defined the types of fathers and the styles of behavior in child-rearing. (bvsalud.org)
- On the other hand, it was verified that present fathers, with high levels of paternal involvement and exigent of the rules established have children who achieve better student outcomes and social and personal maturity. (bvsalud.org)
- In addition to speaking with a professional, there are ways fathers can recognize and help treat the symptoms of paternal PPD. (lifehacker.com)
- For both genetically related and genetically unrelated fathers and children, interparental conflict and paternal antisocial behavior influenced child antisocial behavior through father-to-child hostility. (elsevierpure.com)
- In captivity, orangutans are often housed socially, allowing fathers to interact with offspring and raising the question of how orangutans may potentially demonstrate paternal behavior. (cwu.edu)
- This fact sheet provides information and guidance for fathers on how to help their teen avoid sexual risk behaviors. (cdc.gov)
- A growing body of research indicates that fathers play a key role in influencing child eating behaviors. (fatherhood.gov)
- This systematic review identifies and summarizes current research concerning the influence of fathers on the feeding behaviors of their children. (fatherhood.gov)
- Girls experienced higher levels of self-esteem when they perceived their mothers and fathers as facilitating connection, monitoring their behaviors, and as having the right to influence their behaviors and feelings. (uncg.edu)
- However, adolescent girls' behavior is largely independent of the presence (or absence) of their fathers. (nber.org)
- The strong effect of family structure is not explained by the lack of paternal involvement that generally comes with fathers' absence, even though adolescents, especially boys, who spend time doing things with their fathers usually have better outcomes. (nber.org)
- There is also a link between adult delinquent behavior and adolescent family structure that cannot be explained by fathers' involvement with their adolescent sons and is only partially explained by fathers' involvement with their adolescent daughters. (nber.org)
- Finally, the strong link between adolescent family structure and delinquent behavior is not accounted for by the income differentials associated with fathers' absence. (nber.org)
- Fathers and Youth's Delinquent Behavior, " with Deborah Cobb-Clark. (nber.org)
- OBJECTIVES: To assess infant breastfeeding initiation and any breastfeeding at 8 weeks and safe sleep practices (back sleep position, approved sleep surface, and no soft objects or loose bedding ['soft bedding']) by select paternal characteristics among a state-representative sample of fathers with new infants. (cdc.gov)
- CONCLUSIONS: Fathers reported suboptimal infant breastfeeding rates and safe sleep practices overall and by paternal characteristics, suggesting opportunities to include fathers in promotion of breastfeeding and infant safe sleep. (cdc.gov)
Risk behaviors4
- Engaging in sexual risk behaviors-such as having sex at an early age, having more than one sex partner, and not using condoms or other contraceptives-can lead to unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
- What can you do to help your teen avoid sexual risk behaviors? (cdc.gov)
- By following these key practices, you can build a quality relationship with your teen and be a positive influence in helping your son or daughter make healthy decisions and avoid sexual risk behaviors. (cdc.gov)
- Working women were more likely to have planned their index pregnancy and have used fertility drugs or treatments to conceive, however they were also more likely to report pregnancy risk behaviors including not using a folic acid supplement during the periconceptional period, smoking, drinking alcohol, and paternal (but not maternal) use of illicit drugs. (cdc.gov)
Levels of paternal1
- In this sub-order, males exhibit the lowest levels of paternal care for infants among primates. (wikipedia.org)
Anxiety2
- Using the attributes of a genetically sensitive in vitro fertilization research design, the present study examined associations among interparental conflict, parents' antisocial behavior problems, parents' anxiety symptoms, and hostile parenting on children's antisocial behavior problems among genetically related and genetically unrelated mother-child and father-child groupings. (elsevierpure.com)
- Effects of parental anxiety symptoms on child antisocial behavior were apparent only for genetically related mothers and children. (elsevierpure.com)
Adolescent5
- Her research interests include the effects of parenting styles and parent-child relationships on children's social and emotional development and the impact of stress on adolescent behavior and coping skills. (northcentralcollege.edu)
- Currently, Dr. Schacht is studying the impact of stress on adolescent coping skills and behaviors. (northcentralcollege.edu)
- No group differences emerged regarding adolescent-reported paternal parenting behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
- Additionally, age of adolescent, maternal education, and paternal education were significant predictors of familism for both boys and girls. (uncg.edu)
- Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that adolescent boys engage in more delinquent behavior if there is no father figure in their lives. (nber.org)
20231
- Frakes, Lilith, "Identifying Paternal Behavior in Captive Sumatran (Pongo abelli) and Hybrid Orangutans (Pongo abelii X Pongo pygmaeus)" (2023). (cwu.edu)
Adolescents3
- Change in maternal criticism and behavior problems in adolescents and adults with autism across a 7-year period. (springer.com)
- The current study investigated the parenting behavior in families of 45 female adolescents with NSSI disorder, 27 adolescents with other mental disorders (clinical controls, CCs), and 44 adolescents without mental disorders (nonclinical controls, NCs). (biomedcentral.com)
- The influences of adolescents' perceptions of parental behaviors and authority on the development of their self-esteem and sense of familism were examined among 534 youth living in Mexico. (uncg.edu)
Prairie Voles1
- Social isolation and oxytocin antagonism increase emotion-related behaviors and heart rate in female prairie voles. (neurotree.org)
Genes6
- Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social behaviors. (bath.ac.uk)
- We suggested that the genome undergoes specific imprinting during gametogenesis 3 and that some paternal genes may be necessary for normal development of the extraembryonic tissues 3,4 , in which only the maternal X chromosome remains active 5-9 . (nature.com)
- The authors add: "Our study demonstrates the importance of imprinted genes as a group in neural circuitry that controls parenting behavior in mammals. (sciencedaily.com)
- Some genes are turned on (active) only on the copy that is inherited from a person's father (the paternal copy). (medlineplus.gov)
- People with this chromosomal change are missing certain critical genes in this region because the genes on the paternal copy have been deleted, and the genes on the maternal copy are turned off (inactive). (medlineplus.gov)
- or by a genetic alteration or other change that abnormally turns off (inactivates) genes on the paternal chromosome 15. (medlineplus.gov)
Mothers3
- Path analyses revealed that for genetically related mothers, interparental conflict and maternal antisocial behavior indirectly influenced child antisocial behavior through mother-to-child hostility. (elsevierpure.com)
- For genetically unrelated mothers, effects were apparent only for maternal antisocial behavior on child antisocial behavior through mother-to-child hostility. (elsevierpure.com)
- 2015). Mothers' parenting behaviors in families of school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: An observational and questionnaire study. (springer.com)
Physiology3
- Physiology and Behavior. (usda.gov)
- The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts that behavior and physiology covary with life history. (springer.com)
- Using meta-analytic methods, we found that populations with a polygynous mating system or for studies conducted on wild populations, males had a faster pace-of-life for developmental life-history traits (e.g., growth rate), behavior, and physiology. (springer.com)
Behavioral6
- Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10 +/p social rank and dominance behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent behavioral tests. (bath.ac.uk)
- The first section includes two chapters that provide historical background on the development of human behavioral ecology and com-pare it to two complementary approaches in the study of evolution and human behavior, evolutionary psychology, and dual inheritance theory. (taylorfrancis.com)
- Behavioral and epigenetic consequences of paternal drug exposure. (uh.edu)
- From a behavioral ecology perspective, such behaviors are puzzling: why parent someone else's child at your expense? (philpapers.org)
- Males tended to have higher self-esteem when they perceived their parents as monitoring their behavior, granting behavioral autonomy, and having the right to exercise influence over them. (uncg.edu)
- Behavioral problems are common, including temper outbursts, stubbornness, and compulsive behavior such as picking at the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
Involvement2
- However, recent social media posts from zoos and sanctuaries portray male orangutans engaging in behavior suggesting paternal involvement. (cwu.edu)
- The emotional closeness of your relationship with your teen, your attitudes toward teen sex, and your level of involvement with your teen can make a difference in reducing your teen's sexual risk behavior. (cdc.gov)
Psychopathology2
- Past research has linked interparental conflict, parent psychopathology, hostile parenting, and externalizing behavior problems in childhood. (elsevierpure.com)
- The effects of paternal conflict behavior, parenting, and psychopathology on children. (northcentralcollege.edu)
Parental care5
- For example, offspring behavior can be affected by maternal hormones deposited in eggs or the parental care provided during early development. (cam.ac.uk)
- Parental care is exclusively paternal (Ref. 42359 ). (mnhn.fr)
- All throughout the gestation period, parental care is strictly paternal. (mnhn.fr)
- A university study into the incubation behavior of modern birds is shedding new light on the type of parental care carried out by their long extinct ancestors. (scienceblog.com)
- One form of social interaction, parental care, ensures the well-being and proper development of the young through manifestation of species-specific stereotyped behaviors. (harvard.edu)
Imprinted gene1
- One such imprinted gene is Grb10, of which the paternal allele is generally recognized as mediating social dominance behavior. (bath.ac.uk)
Engage2
Alcohol2
- to reckless behaviors like alcohol and substance abuse, gambling, or becoming involved in relationships outside of the partnership. (lifehacker.com)
- 2018) Naltrexone alters alcohol self-administration behaviors and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in a sex-dependent manner in rats. (uh.edu)
NSSI2
- This study examined the indirect effects of distinct aspects of invalidating caregiving environments (i.e., paternal maltreatment, maternal maltreatment, and perceived alienation) on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) via six specific emotion regulation difficulties. (suicideinfo.ca)
- Results showed that maternal maltreatment, paternal maltreatment, and perceived alienation indirectly predicted NSSI through poor emotional clarity. (suicideinfo.ca)
Evolutionary1
- Studies in Primatology have used primate mating systems and social organization to help theorize the evolutionary significance of paternal care in Primates. (wikipedia.org)
Children2
- This study examined the family emotional climate as assessed by Five Minute Speech Samples and the relation with parenting stress and parenting behaviors among parents of children (6-17 years, 64.7% boys) with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and without any known disability ( n = 447). (springer.com)
- Results revealed significant differences in behavior between parents of AD and NA children. (nih.gov)
Indirect2
- Different aspects of human paternal care (direct, indirect, fostering social or moral development) may have evolved at different points in our history, and together they form a unique suite of behaviors as compared with the great apes. (wikipedia.org)
- Across all sites, male orangutans engaged in direct paternal behaviors such as playing, food-sharing, and contact, and indirect paternal behaviors such as proximity, tolerating, and defending. (cwu.edu)
Differences1
- Canine salivary cortisol in frequent dog park visitors is predicted by individual differences in neuroticism (MCPQ-R). Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9 , e14. (mun.ca)
Patterns1
- It's not only the shifts in sleep patterns and relationship dynamics that can cause symptoms of paternal PPD. (lifehacker.com)
Characteristics1
- According to CARTA [1], human paternal care is a derived characteristic (evolved in humans or our recent ancestors) and one of the defining characteristics of Homo sapiens. (wikipedia.org)
Feelings1
- Paternal feelings regarding music and COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)
Largely1
- However, the benefits of paternal care have rarely been studied in mammals, largely because only 5-10% of mammals exhibit such care (mostly present in primates, rodents and canids). (wikipedia.org)
Mammals2
- Male mammals employ different behaviors to enhance their reproductive success (e.g. courtship displays, mate choice). (wikipedia.org)
- In mice, there is some evidence that an unusual phenomenon in mammals called genomic imprinting impacts parenting behavior. (sciencedaily.com)
Care11
- In biology, paternal care is parental investment provided by a male to his own offspring. (wikipedia.org)
- Paternal care may be provided in concert with the mother (biparental care) or, more rarely, by the male alone (so called exclusive paternal care). (wikipedia.org)
- Exclusive paternal care has evolved multiple times in a variety of organisms, including invertebrates, fishes, and amphibians. (wikipedia.org)
- Human cultures and societies vary widely in the expression of paternal care. (wikipedia.org)
- Some cultures recognize paternal care via celebration of Father's Day. (wikipedia.org)
- Research on the effects of paternal care on human happiness have yielded conflicting results. (wikipedia.org)
- Paternal care by male non-human primates motivated by biological paternity utilize past mating history and phenotypic matching in order to recognize their own offspring. (wikipedia.org)
- Comparing male care efforts exhibited by the same species can provide insight on the significant relationship between paternity certainty and the amount of paternal care exhibited by a male. (wikipedia.org)
- Components of body size involved in paternal care and mating behavior did not follow that general rule. (bioone.org)
- That study proposed that paternal care was present in these dinosaurs and this form of care was the ancestral condition for birds. (scienceblog.com)
- In some countries the age and the sex of the child can also influence care seeking behavior. (who.int)
Role2
- as men have stepped up more into the role of caregivers, paternal postpartum depression (or paternal PPD) has only recently become more widely known. (lifehacker.com)
- The new findings show that genomic imprinting plays an important role in controlling parenting behavior in mice. (sciencedaily.com)
Mice2
- Moreover, the original study examined tube-test behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. (bath.ac.uk)
- Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10 +/p mice should focus on the stability of social behaviors, rather than dominance per se. (bath.ac.uk)
Impacts1
- Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and dominance related behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. (bath.ac.uk)
Study4
- Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test behavior. (bath.ac.uk)
- The contributions to this volume demonstrate, with a high degree of theoretical and methodological sophistication--the maturity and freshness of this new paradigm in the study of human behavior. (taylorfrancis.com)
- The volume will be of interest to anthropologists and other professions working on the study of cross-cultural human behavior. (taylorfrancis.com)
- The group decided to repeat the Science study with a larger data set and a better understanding of bird biology because other palaeontologists were starting to use the original results to predict the incubation behavior of other dinosaur species. (scienceblog.com)
Factors1
- However, by taking into account factors known to affect egg and clutch mass in living bird species, the authors found that shared incubation with mature young was the ancestral incubation behavior rather than male-only incubation, which had been claimed previously for these Theropod dinosaurs. (scienceblog.com)
Outcomes1
- Outcomes specific to child health, development of eating habits, relationships between paternal weight and child weight, and paternal dietary habits and child dietary habits were specifically targeted. (fatherhood.gov)
Hostile1
- Their success is greatly due to their physical design and a number of instinctive behaviors that serve them well in hostile territory. (whmentors.org)
Perspective1
- Adaptation and Human Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective (1st ed. (taylorfrancis.com)
Child1
- Maternal behavior, but not paternal behavior, was related to the emotion the child was experiencing. (nih.gov)
Males2
- Paternal certainty is high in monogamous pair-bonded species and males are less likely to be at risk for caring for unrelated offspring and not contributing to their own fitness. (wikipedia.org)
- SSD biased to males is found in middle and hind leg segments, used during mating and brooding behavior. (bioone.org)
Parents1
- Teens are influenced by their parents' values, beliefs, and expectations of appropriate behavior. (cdc.gov)
Family3
- Despite feeling sad, irritable, agitated, worthless, or guilty, men often don't want to burden a friend or partner despite how damaging their behavior can be to their family. (lifehacker.com)
- Set up family rules to guide your teen's behavior. (cdc.gov)
- And this is where the trouble begins, when well meaning governments decide using ideology to coerce (in Sweden's case it is economic pressure from government allotments) behavior to match their arbitrarily chosen ideal, and in so doing is stepping in through a kind of social engineering into private details of how people arrange their family life. (butterfliesandwheels.org)
Research2
- Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research, 9 , e.10. (mun.ca)
- Interestingly, previous research has shown that if mouse pups lose the paternal version of Magel2, they make fewer ultrasonic vocalizations, which they use to get their mother's attention. (sciencedaily.com)
Societies1
- The fifth section includes studies of cooperation and helping behaviors, using data from societies in Micronesia and South America. (taylorfrancis.com)