AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Parkinson Diseasealpha-SynucleinAntiparkinson AgentsParkinsonian DisordersGlucosylceramidaseLevodopaLewy BodiesParkinson Disease, SecondarySubstantia NigraDeep Brain Stimulation1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineDopamineDopaminergic NeuronsSubthalamic NucleusLewy Body DiseaseMultiple System AtrophyGait Disorders, NeurologicOxidopamineMPTP PoisoningPostural BalanceDance TherapyNeurodegenerative DiseasesPutamenUbiquitin-Protein LigasesSupranuclear Palsy, ProgressiveEssential TremorPedunculopontine Tegmental NucleusNeuronsGaitBrainGaucher DiseaseREM Sleep Behavior DisorderTyrosine 3-MonooxygenasePergolidebeta-SynucleinHypokinesiaOncogene ProteinsNerve DegenerationCorpus StriatumGlobus PallidusDementiaCarbidopaManebGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAge of OnsetMutationMovement DisordersMesencephalonMitochondriaSynucleins1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumNeuropsychological TestsSeverity of Illness IndexNeuroprotective AgentsTropanesDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsCase-Control StudiesSleep Arousal DisordersPositron-Emission TomographyApathyDisease Models, AnimalBenzothiazolesPrimary DysautonomiasDyskinesiasPostmortem ChangesOlfaction DisordersAlzheimer Diseasetau ProteinsAutophagyManganese PoisoningGenetic TestingDyskinesia, Drug-InducedPure Autonomic FailureRotenoneDopamine AgentsCognition DisordersParaquatDopamine AgonistsGenome-Wide Association StudyNeurologic ExaminationPemolineSelenoprotein W3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidReality TherapySweat Gland DiseasesNerve Tissue ProteinsAdrenergic AgentsBasal GangliaChromogranin BAccidental FallsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideParkinson Disease, PostencephaliticIntroversion (Psychology)Oxidative StressMotor SkillsPenetranceStereotaxic TechniquesVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsImpulse Control DisordersDreamsProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesMitochondrial DegradationSodium BenzoateMental Status ScheduleMutation, MissenseProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexDeglutition DisordersUbiquitinIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsDNA Repeat ExpansionDNA Mutational AnalysisDihydroxyphenylalanineReproducibility of ResultsFungicides, IndustrialSympatholyticsCohort StudiesMovementAnalysis of VarianceNeostriatumHerbicidesGenotypeTask Performance and AnalysisAmyloidModels, BiologicalPsychomotor PerformanceReceptors, DopamineInclusion BodiesRisk FactorsAutopsyElectron Transport Complex IMonoamine OxidaseTremorNeurotoxinsExercise TherapyProtein KinasesProteolysisFamily HealthThiazolesTime FactorsGlial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic FactorMotor ActivityNeurologyPC12 CellsDisease ProgressionDisability EvaluationPhysical Therapy ModalitiesHallucinationsJewsSensation DisordersAmyloid beta-PeptidesAutonomic Nervous System DiseasesChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Caudate NucleusActivities of Daily LivingGamblingPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPortugalCell DeathWalkingGene FrequencyCognition
Parkinson Disease: A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES that plays a role in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.Antiparkinson Agents: Agents used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used drugs act on the dopaminergic system in the striatum and basal ganglia or are centrally acting muscarinic antagonists.Parkinsonian Disorders: A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.Glucosylceramidase: A glycosidase that hydrolyzes a glucosylceramide to yield free ceramide plus glucose. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high concentrations of glucosylceramide in the brain in GAUCHER DISEASE. EC 3.2.1.45.Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.Lewy Bodies: Intracytoplasmic, eosinophilic, round to elongated inclusions found in vacuoles of injured or fragmented neurons. The presence of Lewy bodies is the histological marker of the degenerative changes in LEWY BODY DISEASE and PARKINSON DISEASE but they may be seen in other neurological conditions. They are typically found in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but they are also seen in the basal forebrain, hypothalamic nuclei, and neocortex.Parkinson Disease, Secondary: Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)Substantia Nigra: The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.Deep Brain Stimulation: Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.Dopamine: One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.Dopaminergic Neurons: Neurons whose primary neurotransmitter is DOPAMINE.Subthalamic Nucleus: Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the INTERNAL CAPSULE. The SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.Lewy Body Disease: A neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, mild parkinsonism, and fluctuations in attention and alertness. The neuropsychiatric manifestations tend to precede the onset of bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY, and other extrapyramidal signs. DELUSIONS and visual HALLUCINATIONS are relatively frequent in this condition. Histologic examination reveals LEWY BODIES in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and BRAIN STEM. SENILE PLAQUES and other pathologic features characteristic of ALZHEIMER DISEASE may also be present. (From Neurology 1997;48:376-380; Neurology 1996;47:1113-1124)Multiple System Atrophy: A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)Gait Disorders, Neurologic: Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.MPTP Poisoning: A condition caused by the neurotoxin MPTP which causes selective destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Clinical features include irreversible parkinsonian signs including rigidity and bradykinesia (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY). MPTP toxicity is also used as an animal model for the study of PARKINSON DISEASE. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1072; Neurology 1986 Feb;36(2):250-8)Postural Balance: A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.Dance Therapy: The use of dancing for therapeutic purposes.Neurodegenerative Diseases: Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.Putamen: The largest and most lateral of the BASAL GANGLIA lying between the lateral medullary lamina of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and the EXTERNAL CAPSULE. It is part of the neostriatum and forms part of the LENTIFORM NUCLEUS along with the GLOBUS PALLIDUS.Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases: A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive: A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)Essential Tremor: A relatively common disorder characterized by a fairly specific pattern of tremors which are most prominent in the upper extremities and neck, inducing titubations of the head. The tremor is usually mild, but when severe may be disabling. An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance may occur in some families (i.e., familial tremor). (Mov Disord 1988;13(1):5-10)Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus: Dense collection of cells in the caudal pontomesencephalic tegmentum known to play a role in the functional organization of the BASAL GANGLIA and in the modulation of the thalamocortical neuronal system.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Gait: Manner or style of walking.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Gaucher Disease: An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid beta-glucosidase (GLUCOSYLCERAMIDASE) leading to intralysosomal accumulation of glycosylceramide mainly in cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. The characteristic Gaucher cells, glycosphingolipid-filled HISTIOCYTES, displace normal cells in BONE MARROW and visceral organs causing skeletal deterioration, hepatosplenomegaly, and organ dysfunction. There are several subtypes based on the presence and severity of neurological involvement.REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A disorder characterized by episodes of vigorous and often violent motor activity during REM sleep (SLEEP, REM). The affected individual may inflict self injury or harm others, and is difficult to awaken from this condition. Episodes are usually followed by a vivid recollection of a dream that is consistent with the aggressive behavior. This condition primarily affects adult males. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p393)Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen to 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, dihydrobiopterin, and water. EC 1.14.16.2.Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.beta-Synuclein: A synuclein that is closely related to ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN. It may play a neuroprotective role against some of the toxic effects of aggregated ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN.Hypokinesia: Slow or diminished movement of body musculature. It may be associated with BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; prolonged inactivity due to illness; and other conditions.Oncogene Proteins: Proteins coded by oncogenes. They include proteins resulting from the fusion of an oncogene and another gene (ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION).Nerve Degeneration: Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.Corpus Striatum: Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.Globus Pallidus: The representation of the phylogenetically oldest part of the corpus striatum called the paleostriatum. It forms the smaller, more medial part of the lentiform nucleus.Dementia: An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.Carbidopa: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE, preventing conversion of LEVODOPA to dopamine. It is used in PARKINSON DISEASE to reduce peripheral adverse effects of LEVODOPA. It has no antiparkinson actions by itself.Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Movement Disorders: Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.Mesencephalon: The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.Mitochondria: Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Synucleins: A family of homologous proteins of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT that are predominately expressed in the BRAIN and that have been implicated in a variety of human diseases. They were originally isolated from CHOLINERGIC FIBERS of TORPEDO.1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Neuroprotective Agents: Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.Tropanes: N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of dopaminergic neurons. They remove DOPAMINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS and are the target of DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Sleep Arousal Disorders: Sleep disorders characterized by impaired arousal from the deeper stages of sleep (generally stage III or IV sleep).Positron-Emission Tomography: An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.Apathy: Lack of emotion or emotional expression; a disorder of motivation that persists over time.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Benzothiazoles: Compounds with a benzene ring fused to a thiazole ring.Primary Dysautonomias: Disorders of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM occurring as a primary condition. Manifestations can involve any or all body systems but commonly affect the BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.Dyskinesias: Abnormal involuntary movements which primarily affect the extremities, trunk, or jaw that occur as a manifestation of an underlying disease process. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of dyskinesia as a primary manifestation of disease may be referred to as dyskinesia syndromes (see MOVEMENT DISORDERS). Dyskinesias are also a relatively common manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.Postmortem Changes: Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.Olfaction Disorders: Loss of or impaired ability to smell. This may be caused by OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES; PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES; viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SMOKING; and other conditions.Alzheimer Disease: A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)tau Proteins: Microtubule-associated proteins that are mainly expressed in neurons. Tau proteins constitute several isoforms and play an important role in the assembly of tubulin monomers into microtubules and in maintaining the cytoskeleton and axonal transport. Aggregation of specific sets of tau proteins in filamentous inclusions is the common feature of intraneuronal and glial fibrillar lesions (NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; NEUROPIL THREADS) in numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ALZHEIMER DISEASE; TAUOPATHIES).Autophagy: The segregation and degradation of damaged or unwanted cytoplasmic constituents by autophagic vacuoles (cytolysosomes) composed of LYSOSOMES containing cellular components in the process of digestion; it plays an important role in BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS of amphibians, in the removal of bone by osteoclasts, and in the degradation of normal cell components in nutritional deficiency states.Manganese Poisoning: Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)Genetic Testing: Detection of a MUTATION; GENOTYPE; KARYOTYPE; or specific ALLELES associated with genetic traits, heritable diseases, or predisposition to a disease, or that may lead to the disease in descendants. It includes prenatal genetic testing.Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced: Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)Pure Autonomic Failure: A degenerative disease of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM that is characterized by idiopathic ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION and a greatly reduced level of CATECHOLAMINES. No other neurological deficits are present.Rotenone: A botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.Dopamine Agents: Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.Cognition Disorders: Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.Dopamine Agonists: Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.Genome-Wide Association Study: An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition.Neurologic Examination: Assessment of sensory and motor responses and reflexes that is used to determine impairment of the nervous system.Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.Selenoprotein W: A single SELENOCYSTEINE containing protein that binds reduced GLUTATHIONE and can act as an antioxidant.3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.Reality Therapy: Method of psychotherapeutic treatment based on assumption of patients' personal responsibility for their own behavior. The therapist actively guides patients to accurate self-perception for fulfillment of needs of self-worth and respect for others. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Sweat Gland Diseases: Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.Nerve Tissue ProteinsAdrenergic Agents: Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters.Basal Ganglia: Large subcortical nuclear masses derived from the telencephalon and located in the basal regions of the cerebral hemispheres.Chromogranin B: A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others.Accidental Falls: Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic: Parkinsonism following encephalitis, historically seen as a sequella of encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo Encephalitis). The early age of onset, the rapid progression of symptoms followed by stabilization, and the presence of a variety of other neurological disorders (e.g., sociopathic behavior; TICS; MUSCLE SPASMS; oculogyric crises; hyperphagia; and bizarre movements) distinguish this condition from primary PARKINSON DISEASE. Pathologic features include neuronal loss and gliosis concentrated in the MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMUS; and HYPOTHALAMUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p754)Introversion (Psychology): A state in which attention is largely directed inward upon one's self.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Motor Skills: Performance of complex motor acts.Penetrance: The percent frequency with which a dominant or homozygous recessive gene or gene combination manifests itself in the phenotype of the carriers. (From Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed)Stereotaxic Techniques: Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins: A family of vesicular amine transporter proteins that catalyze the transport and storage of CATECHOLAMINES and indolamines into SECRETORY VESICLES.Impulse Control Disorders: Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.Dreams: A series of thoughts, images, or emotions occurring during sleep which are dissociated from the usual stream of consciousness of the waking state.Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.Mitochondrial Degradation: Proteolytic breakdown of the MITOCHONDRIA.Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.Mental Status Schedule: Standardized clinical interview used to assess current psychopathology by scaling patient responses to the questions.Mutation, Missense: A mutation in which a codon is mutated to one directing the incorporation of a different amino acid. This substitution may result in an inactive or unstable product. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, King & Stansfield, 5th ed)Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex: A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.Deglutition Disorders: Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.Ubiquitin: A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.DNA Repeat Expansion: An increase number of repeats of a genomic, tandemly repeated DNA sequence from one generation to the next.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Fungicides, Industrial: Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.Sympatholytics: Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Neostriatum: The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN. It is often called simply the striatum.Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Task Performance and Analysis: The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.Amyloid: A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Psychomotor Performance: The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.Receptors, Dopamine: Cell-surface proteins that bind dopamine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.Inclusion Bodies: A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Autopsy: Postmortem examination of the body.Electron Transport Complex I: A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.Monoamine Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.Tremor: Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.Neurotoxins: Toxic substances from microorganisms, plants or animals that interfere with the functions of the nervous system. Most venoms contain neurotoxic substances. Myotoxins are included in this concept.Exercise Therapy: A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.Protein Kinases: A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.Proteolysis: Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.Family Health: The health status of the family as a unit including the impact of the health of one member of the family on the family as a unit and on individual family members; also, the impact of family organization or disorganization on the health status of its members.ThiazolesTime Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: The founding member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family. It was originally characterized as a NERVE GROWTH FACTOR promoting the survival of MIDBRAIN dopaminergic NEURONS, and it has been studied as a potential treatment for PARKINSON DISEASE.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Neurology: A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.PC12 Cells: A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Disability Evaluation: Determination of the degree of a physical, mental, or emotional handicap. The diagnosis is applied to legal qualification for benefits and income under disability insurance and to eligibility for Social Security and workmen's compensation benefits.Physical Therapy Modalities: Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.Hallucinations: Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.Jews: An ethnic group with historical ties to the land of ISRAEL and the religion of JUDAISM.Sensation Disorders: Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).Amyloid beta-Peptides: Peptides generated from AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDES PRECURSOR. An amyloid fibrillar form of these peptides is the major component of amyloid plaques found in individuals with Alzheimer's disease and in aged individuals with trisomy 21 (DOWN SYNDROME). The peptide is found predominantly in the nervous system, but there have been reports of its presence in non-neural tissue.Autonomic Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2: A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.Caudate Nucleus: Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.Activities of Daily Living: The performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing, ambulation, or eating.Gambling: An activity distinguished primarily by an element of risk in trying to obtain a desired goal, e.g., playing a game of chance for money.Psychiatric Status Rating Scales: Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.PortugalCell Death: The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.Walking: An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.Gene Frequency: The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Dopamine correlates of neurological and psychological status in untreated Parkinsonism. (1/6239)

Thirty-seven untreated Parkinsonism patients showed significant positive correlations among decreased excretion of free dopamine, MMPI scores indicative of schizophrenic-like looseness of thinking, and the severity of all Parkinsonism signs except tremor. The data could indicate that abnormalities of dopamine metabolism may underlie both the motor and mental abnormalities of Parkinsonism.  (+info)

2,3 diphosphoglycerate in Parkinson's disease. (2/6239)

The red cell 2,3 DPG, the most important factor for oxygen delivery in the tissues, was found to be increased in Parkinsonism patients compared with controls. The aging process seems not to be a factor in the increased 2,3 DPG concentration. Other factors relevant to raised 2,3 DPG level such as physical activity, increased oxygen requirements, and metabolic changes are discussed.  (+info)

Visual control of locomotion in Parkinson's disease. (3/6239)

The effect of placing parallel lines on the walking surface on parkinsonian gait was evaluated. To identify the kind of visual cues (static or dynamic) required for the control of locomotion, we tested two visual conditions: normal lighting and stroboscopic illumination (three flashes/s), the latter acting to suppress dynamic visual cues completely. Sixteen subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (nine males, seven females; mean age 68.8 years) and the same number of age-matched controls (seven males; nine females, mean age 67.5 years) were studied. During the baseline phase, Parkinson's disease patients walked with a short-stepped, slow velocity pattern. The double limb support duration was increased and the step cadence was reduced relative to normal. Under normal lighting, visual cues from the lines on the walking surface induced a significant improvement in gait velocity and stride length in Parkinson's disease patients. With stroboscopic illumination and without lines, both groups reduced their stride length and velocity but the changes were significant only in the Parkinson's disease group, indicating greater dependence on dynamic visual information. When stroboscopic light was used with stripes on the floor, the improvement in gait due to the stripes was suppressed in parkinsonian patients. These results demonstrate that the perceived motion of stripes, induced by the patient's walking, is essential to improve the gait parameters and thus favour the hypothesis of a specific visual-motor pathway which is particularly responsive to rapidly moving targets. Previous studies have proposed a cerebellar circuit, allowing the visual stimuli to by-pass the damaged basal ganglia.  (+info)

Object location learning and non-spatial working memory of patients with Parkinson's disease may be preserved in "real life" situations. (4/6239)

The presence of a spatial memory deficit in Parkinson's disease (PD) is still a matter of discussion. Nineteen PD patients and 16 controls were given two spatial tests and a non-spatial task. First, the subject was led into a room containing 4 objects and had 10 s to memorize their location. After being led outside, the subject had to place icons representing the objects on a map of the room. Differences between the real and estimated locations were evaluated. Afterwards, the subject had to choose a map showing the correct arrangement of objects from 4 alternatives. Locations of some objects were changed before the second test. The subject had 10 s to detect these changes. One point was given for each change or its absence detected. In the non-spatial working memory task, 8 cards of different shapes were used. The subject had to select a different card each time while the cards were shuffled between choices. Errors consisted of selecting previously chosen cards. The means of the above measures for both groups were compared. Absence of any significant differences suggests that PD patients perform well in "real life" memory tests in contrast to similar computerized tests.  (+info)

Impairment in preattentive visual processing in patients with Parkinson's disease. (5/6239)

We explored the possibility of whether preattentive visual processing is impaired in Parkinson's disease. With this aim, visual discrimination thresholds for orientation texture stimuli were determined in two separate measurement sessions in 16 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The results were compared with those of 16 control subjects age-matched and 16 young healthy volunteers. Discrimination thresholds were measured in a four-alternative spatial forced-choice paradigm, in which subjects judged the location of a target embedded in a background of distractors. Four different stimulus configurations were employed: (i) a group of vertical targets among horizontal distractors ('vertical line targets'); (ii) targets with varying levels of orientation difference on a background of spatially filtered vertically oriented noise ('Gaussian filtered noise'); (iii) one 'L' among 43 '+' signs ('texton'), all of which assess preattentive visual processing; and (iv) control condition, of one 'L' among 43 'T' distractors ('non-texton' search target), which reflects attentive visual processing. In two of the preattentive tasks (filtered noise and texton), patients with Parkinson's disease required significantly greater orientation differences and longer stimulus durations, respectively. In contrast, their performance in the vertical line target and non-texton search target was comparable to that of the matched control subjects. These differences were more pronounced in the first compared with the second session. Duration of illness and age within the patient group correlated significantly with test performance. In all conditions tested, the young control subjects performed significantly better than the more elderly control group, further indicating an effect of age on this form of visual processing. The results suggest that, in addition to the well documented impairment in retinal processing, idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficit in preattentive cortical visual processing.  (+info)

The effects of posteroventral pallidotomy on the preparation and execution of voluntary hand and arm movements in Parkinson's disease. (6/6239)

We studied the effect of posteroventral pallidotomy on movement preparation and execution in 27 parkinsonian patients using various motor tasks. Patients were evaluated after overnight withdrawal of medication before and 3 months after unilateral pallidotomy. Surgery had no effect on initiation time in unwarned simple and choice reaction time tasks, whereas movement time measured during the same tasks was improved for the contralesional hand. Movement times also improved for isometric and isotonic ballistic movements. In contrast, repetitive, distal and fine movements measured in finger-tapping and pegboard tasks were not improved after pallidotomy. Preparatory processes were investigated using both behavioural and electrophysiological measures. A precued choice reaction time task suggested an enhancement of motor preparation for the contralesional hand. Similarly, movement-related cortical potentials showed an increase in the slope of the late component (NS2) when the patients performed joystick movements with the contralesional hand. However, no significant change was found for the early component (NS1) or when the patient moved the ipsilesional hand. The amplitude of the long-latency stretch reflex of the contralesional hand decreased after surgery. In summary, the data suggest that pallidotomy improved mainly the later stages of movement preparation and the execution of proximal movements with the contralesional limb. These results provide detailed quantitative data on the impact of posteroventral pallidotomy on previously described measures of upper limb akinesia in Parkinson's disease.  (+info)

Low-dose clozapine for the treatment of drug-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease. The Parkinson Study Group. (7/6239)

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced psychosis is a difficult problem to manage in patients with Parkinson's disease. Multiple open-label studies have reported that treatment with clozapine at low doses ameliorates psychosis without worsening parkinsonism. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low doses of clozapine (6.25 to 50 mg per day) in 60 patients at six sites over a period of 14 months. The patients (mean age, 72 years) had idiopathic Parkinson's disease and drug-induced psychosis of at least four weeks' duration. All the patients continued to receive fixed doses of antiparkinsonian drugs during the four weeks of the trial. Blood counts were monitored weekly in all the patients. RESULTS: The mean dose of clozapine was 24.7 mg per day. The patients in the clozapine group had significantly more improvement than those in the placebo group in all three of the measures used to determine the severity of psychosis. The mean (+/-SE) scores on the Clinical Global Impression Scale improved by 1.6+/-0.3 points for the patients receiving clozapine, as compared with 0.5+/-0.2 point for those receiving placebo (P<0.001). The score on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale improved by 9.3+/-1.5 points for the patients receiving clozapine, as compared with 2.6+/-1.3 points for those receiving placebo (P=0.002). The score on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms improved by 11.8+/-2.0 points for the patients receiving clozapine, as compared with 3.8+/-1.9 points for those receiving placebo (P=0.01). Seven patients treated with clozapine had an improvement of at least three on the seven-point Clinical Global Impression Scale, as compared with only one patient given placebo. Clozapine treatment improved tremor and had no deleterious effect on the severity of parkinsonism. In one patient, clozapine was discontinued because of leukopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine, at daily doses of 50 mg or less, is safe and significantly improves drug-induced psychosis without worsening parkinsonism.  (+info)

A wide variety of mutations in the parkin gene are responsible for autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe. French Parkinson's Disease Genetics Study Group and the European Consortium on Genetic Susceptibility in Parkinson's Disease. (8/6239)

Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP, PARK2; OMIM 602544), one of the monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), was initially described in Japan. It is characterized by early onset (before age 40), marked response to levodopa treatment and levodopa-induced dyskinesias. The gene responsible for AR-JP was recently identified and designated parkin. We have analysed the 12 coding exons of the parkin gene in 35 mostly European families with early onset autosomal recessive parkinsonism. In one family, a homozygous deletion of exon 4 could be demonstrated. By direct sequencing of the exons in the index patients of the remaining 34 families, eight previously undescribed point mutations (homozygous or heterozygous) were detected in eight families that included 20 patients. The mutations segregated with the disease in the families and were not detected on 110-166 control chromosomes. Four mutations caused truncation of the parkin protein. Three were frameshifts (202-203delAG, 255delA and 321-322insGT) and one a nonsense mutation (Trp453Stop). The other four were missense mutations (Lys161Asn, Arg256Cys, Arg275Trp and Thr415Asn) that probably affect amino acids that are important for the function of the parkin protein, since they result in the same phenotype as truncating mutations or homozygous exon deletions. Mean age at onset was 38 +/- 12 years, but onset up to age 58 was observed. Mutations in the parkin gene are therefore not invariably associated with early onset parkinsonism. In many patients, the phenotype is indistinguishable from that of idiopathic PD. This study has shown that a wide variety of different mutations in the parkin gene are a common cause of autosomal recessive parkinsonism in Europe and that different types of point mutations seem to be more frequently responsible for the disease phenotype than are deletions.  (+info)

Parkinson Disease, facts of Parkinson Disease, Symptoms of Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease, Diagnosis of...Parkinson Disease, facts of Parkinson Disease, Symptoms of Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease, Diagnosis of...
Parkinson Disease, facts of Parkinson Disease, Symptoms of Parkinson Disease, Risk Factors in Parkinson Disease, Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease, Medical Treatment for Parkinson Disease, Medication of Parkinson Disease, Surgery in Parkinson Disease, Complementary Treatments in Parkinson Disease
Early Onset Parkinsons Disease | APDAEarly Onset Parkinson's Disease | APDA
What is early onset Parkinsons disease, and how is it different? Learn how Parkinsons can affect younger individuals how their experience may differ.
Board meetings of the Hungarian College of Radiology] | eLitMedBoard meetings of the Hungarian College of Radiology] | eLitMed
The majority of patients with advanced Parkinsons disease are treated at specialized movement disorder centers. Currently, there is no clear consensus on how to define the stages of Parkinsons disease; the proportion of Parkinsons patients with advanced Parkinsons disease, the referral process, and the clinical features used to characterize advanced Parkinsons disease are not well delineated. The primary objective of this observational study was to evaluate the proportion of Parkinsons patients identified as advanced patients according to physicians judgment in all participating movement disorder centers across the study. Here we evaluate the Hungarian subset of the participating patients. The study was conducted in a cross-sectional, non-interventional, multi-country, multi-center format in 18 countries. Data were collected during a single patient visit. Current Parkinsons disease status was assessed with Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts II, III, IV, and V ...
Effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in Parkinson Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in Parkinson Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 1,000,000 Americans. Currently there is no proven therapy to reduce the rate of progression of PD. In a previous phase II clinical trial, investigators demonstrated that Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) at dosages of 300, 600, and 1200 mg/day was safe and well-tolerated in individuals with early, untreated PD. The findings also suggested that CoQ may slow the progressive impairment of PD as measured by the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).. In this study, researchers will conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of CoQ to confirm and extend the results of the earlier phase II study. The primary objective of this trial is to compare the effect of two dosages of CoQ (1200 and 2400 mg/day) and placebo on the total UPDRS score in people with early PD. The study also will evaluate independent function, cognition, and quality of life. Plasma CoQ levels will be measured at months 1, 8 and 16 and ...
Translation initiator EIF4G1 mutations in familial parkinson disease<...Translation initiator EIF4G1 mutations in familial parkinson disease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Translation initiator EIF4G1 mutations in familial parkinson disease. AU - Chartier-Harlin, Marie Christine. AU - Dachsel, Justus C.. AU - Vilariño-Güell, Carles. AU - Lincoln, Sarah J.. AU - Leprêtre, Frédéric. AU - Hulihan, Mary M.. AU - Kachergus, Jennifer. AU - Milnerwood, Austen J.. AU - Tapia, Lucia. AU - Song, Mee Sook. AU - Le Rhun, Emilie. AU - Mutez, Eugénie. AU - Larvor, Lydie. AU - Duflot, Aurélie. AU - Vanbesien-Mailliot, Christel. AU - Kreisler, Alexandre. AU - Ross, Owen A.. AU - Nishioka, Kenya. AU - Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra I.. AU - Cobb, Stephanie A.. AU - Melrose, Heather L.. AU - Behrouz, Bahareh. AU - Keeling, Brett H.. AU - Bacon, Justin A.. AU - Hentati, Emna. AU - Williams, Lindsey. AU - Yanagiya, Akiko. AU - Sonenberg, Nahum. AU - Lockhart, Paul J.. AU - Zubair, Abba C.. AU - Uitti, Ryan J.. AU - Aasly, Jan O.. AU - Krygowska-Wajs, Anna. AU - Opala, Grzegorz. AU - Wszolek, Zbigniew K.. AU - Frigerio, Roberta. AU - Maraganore, Demetrius M.. AU - ...
Parkinsons disease and LRRK2: Frequency of a common mutation in U.S. movement disorder clinics - Kay - 2005 - Movement...Parkinson's disease and LRRK2: Frequency of a common mutation in U.S. movement disorder clinics - Kay - 2005 - Movement...
The G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene is reportedly a common cause of familial Parkinsons disease (PD) and may also have a significant role in nonfamilial PD. The objective of this study was to assess mutation carrier frequency in PD patients from movement disorder clinics in the United States, stratified by family history, age at onset, and geography; to determine carrier frequency in a large and well-characterized control population; to examine segregation of mutation in families of patients; and to correlate genotype with clinical phenotype. One thousand four hundred twenty-five unrelated PD patients from movement disorder clinics in Oregon, Washington, and New York and 1,647 unrelated controls were studied. The G2019S mutation was detected using a TaqMan assay and verified by sequencing. Eighteen of 1,425 patients and one of 1,647 controls had the mutation. Carrier frequency (± 2SE) in patients was 0.013 ± 0.006 overall, 0.030 ± 0.019 in familial PD, 0.007 ± 0.005 in nonfamilial PD, ...
Parkinson Disease 6, Early Onset disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical TrialsParkinson Disease 6, Early Onset disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials
MalaCards based summary : Parkinson Disease 6, Early Onset, also known as parkinson disease autosomal recessive early-onset digenic pink1/dj1, is related to parkinson disease, juvenile, type 2 and parkinson disease, late-onset, and has symptoms including dystonia, bradykinesia and depression. An important gene associated with Parkinson Disease 6, Early Onset is PINK1 (PTEN Induced Putative Kinase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. and Neuroscience. The drugs Dopamine and Pramipexole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Related phenotypes are cellular and nervous system ...
Study Shows Promise for Personalized Medicine for Parkinson DiseaseStudy Shows Promise for Personalized Medicine for Parkinson Disease
A National Institutes of Health-funded study shows that cells from patients with different types of Parkinson disease have unique drug responses, a finding that suggests that personalized medicine for the disease is possible.. For this study, researchers collected skin cells from patients with genetically inherited forms of Parkinson disease and reprogrammed those cells into neurons. They found that neurons derived from people with distinct types of the disease showed common signs of distress and vulnerability-in particular, abnormalities in the cellular energy factories known as mitochondria. At the same time, the cells responses to different treatments depended on the type of Parkinson disease that each patient had.. Most cases of Parkinson disease are sporadic, meaning that the cause is unknown. However, genetics plays a strong role. There are 17 regions of the genome with common variations that affect the risk of developing Parkinson disease. Researchers also have identified 9 genes that, ...
Teaching program for the movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale: (MDS...Teaching program for the movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale: (MDS...
To accompany the newly developed Movement Disorder Society revision of the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), we developed a teaching program. The DVD-based program covers the four parts of the scale with visual and verbal instructions for uniform application. For the motor section (Part III), all items except rigidity are shown with an example of each rating option (0-4) as agreed upon by a panel of experts. The rate of agreement for the selected samples was always significant, with Kendalls coefficient of concordance W ranging between 0.99 and 0.72. The teaching program also provides a full patient examination with rating answers provided and four full MDS-UPDRS cases for a Certificate Program exercise of Part III. This training program is in English, but as non-English official translations of the MDS-UPDRS are developed, the program can be potentially modified into different languages. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society ...
Most recent papers in the journal Iranian Journal of Neurology | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the journal Iranian Journal of Neurology | Read by QxMD
Background: The objective of our study was to assess Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score in Parkinson disease (PD) patients who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) 6 years after their surgery and to compare their UPDRS score 6 years after DBS with their score before surgery and 6 months after their operation. Methods: In this cross sectional study which was carried out at Neurology Department of Rasool-e Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran, affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences between 2008 and 2014, 37 patients with advanced PD were enrolled using non-randomized sampling method ...
Efficacy of Transdermal Nicotine, on Motor Symptoms in Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEfficacy of Transdermal Nicotine, on Motor Symptoms in Advanced Parkinson's Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Medical treatment of idiopathic Parkinson disease motor symptoms requires dopaminergic drugs, with long term disabling side effects. (fluctuations, dyskinesia, ON/OFF phenomena). Use of nicotine in Parkinsons disease has been suggested by the lowest prevalence of smokers among Parkinsonian patients. However, controlled studies provided conflicting results. One of our patients showed a substantial decrease of his parkinsonian symptoms under transdermal nicotine-therapy. Currently, this patient has been treated since 8 years with an excellent safety, especially on cardiovascular level. Otherwise, the investigators performed an open pilot safety and feasibility study in 6 patients, which demonstrated the possibility of a controlled study. In this study, all patients received daily doses during several months until 105 mg/day and could, in parallel, decrease their L-Dopa and agonists doses, improving their motor scores.. The investigators now propose a phase II, controlled, single blind and ...
Genomewide association study for susceptibility genes contributing to familial Parkinson diseaseGenomewide association study for susceptibility genes contributing to familial Parkinson disease
Five genes have been identified that contribute to Mendelian forms of Parkinson disease (PD); however, mutations have been found in fewer than 5% of patients, suggesting that additional genes contribute to disease risk. Unlike previous studies that focused primarily on sporadic PD, we have performed the first genomewide association study (GWAS) in familial PD. Genotyping was performed with the Illumina HumanCNV370Duo array in 857 familial PD cases and 867 controls. A logistic model was employed to test for association under additive and recessive modes of inheritance after adjusting for gender and age. No result met genomewide significance based on a conservative Bonferroni correction. The strongest association result was with SNPs in the GAK/DGKQ region on chromosome 4 (additive model: p = 3.4 × 10-6; OR = 1.69). Consistent evidence of association was also observed to the chromosomal regions containing SNCA (additive model: p = 5.5 × 10-5; OR = 1.35) and MAPT (recessive model: p = 2.0 × ...
KAKEN - Research Projects | Autophagy lysosomal dysfunction associate with the pathogenesis of early onset Parkinsons disease....KAKEN - Research Projects | Autophagy lysosomal dysfunction associate with the pathogenesis of early onset Parkinson's disease....
Principal Investigator：HATTORI Nobutaka, Project Period (FY)：2012-04-01 - 2015-03-31, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), Section：一般, Research Field：Neurology
Parkinsons disease-related Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 modulates nuclear morphology and genomic stability in striatal...Parkinson's disease-related Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 modulates nuclear morphology and genomic stability in striatal...
Multiple missense mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with familial forms of late onset Parkinsons disease (PD), the most common age-related movement disorder. The dysfunction of dopamine transmission contributes to PD-related motor symptoms. Interestingly, LRRK2 is more abundant in the dopaminoceptive striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) compared to the dopamine-producing nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Aging is the most important risk factor for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether LRRK2 modulates the aging of SPNs remains to be determined. We conducted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of striatal tissues isolated from Lrrk2 knockout (Lrrk2−/−) and control (Lrrk2+/+) mice at 2 and 12 months of age. We examined SPN nuclear DNA damage and epigenetic modifications; SPN nuclear, cell body and dendritic morphology; and the locomotion and motor skill learning of Lrrk2+/+ and Lrrk2−/− mice from 2 to 24 months of age. Considering the strength
Animal model of Parkinson s disease reveals striking sensitivity to common environmental toxinsAnimal model of Parkinson s disease reveals striking sensitivity to common environmental toxins
Parkinson s disease occurs both sporadically and as a result of inheritance of single gene mutations. One of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, it is associated with the progressive and selective loss of a specific population of neurons in the brain, the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta . Exposure to several common environmental toxins, thought to injure neurons through oxidative damage, has been shown to be associated with sporadic forms of Parkinson s disease. During the past decade, researchers have also made remarkable progress in identifying genes responsible for inherited forms of Parkinson s disease, with the expectation that understanding the function of these genes will elucidate mechanisms behind sporadic Parkinson s disease. Past work had shown that one form of familial Parkinson s disease results from a loss of function of a gene called DJ-1 ...
Parkinson Disease With and Without Dementia: A Prevalence Study and Future Projections - The Parkinson AllianceParkinson Disease With and Without Dementia: A Prevalence Study and Future Projections - The Parkinson Alliance
Citation: Savica, R., Grossardt, B., Rocca, W., Bower, J. 2018. Parkinson disease with and without dementia: A prevalence study and future projections. Movement Disorders, 33 (4), 537-543). Introduction:. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimers Disease, with an estimated incidence of 14.2 per 100,000 people. It is more common in men than woman and diagnosis is more prevalent with increased age.. Goal of Study: This study aimed to explore and clarify the burden of PD with and without dementia in the aging population by calculating its prevalence on January 1, 2006 (in a county in Minnesota) and projecting the number of persons affected by PD from 2015 to 2060 in the US.. Dementia is diagnosed when cognitive deficits (i.e., memory and other thinking skills) are severe enough to impair engagement in and completion of activities of daily living (i.e., managing schedules, preparing food/eating, engaging in house chores, managing medications, driving, etc.). Click here ...
Movement Disorders Clinic (Parkinsons) - UT Medical CenterMovement Disorders Clinic (Parkinson's) - UT Medical Center
The Movement Disorders Clinic team works closely and collaborates with other specialists, including neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, who may be called upon to provide specialized care for individual patients needs.. Our comprehensive team provides the patient and family with educational materials of clinical issues and treatment recommendations. The team works with the patient and family to help them understand the situation and encourages them to participate in the development of a management plan.. The Movement Disorders Clinic employs the latest technologies and therapies to diagnose and treat over 1,600 patients in the East Tennessee region each year. A comprehensive neurological evaluation can establish an accurate diagnosis early in the clinical course, which may allow you or your loved one to preserve mobility function or delay the onset of major symptoms. Our specialists use a comprehensive evaluation to identify medical conditions that may be contributing to an individuals ...
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A comparative study of LRRK2, PINK1 and genetically undefined familial Parkinsons disease | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery...A comparative study of LRRK2, PINK1 and genetically undefined familial Parkinson's disease | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery...
Genetic classification of Parkinsons disease (PD) subtypes may become the preferred diagnostic tool for neurologists. Herein we compare clinical features from a large cohort of patients with familial PD of unknown aetiology or attributable to distinct genetic forms. Comprehensive neurological examinations were performed in 231 familial PD patients from Tunisia. Analysis was previously performed to screen for mutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and parkin (PRKN). Clinical features were compared between patients with genetically undefined PD (n=107) and those with LRRK2 (n=73) and PINK1 (n=42) mutations using regression analyses adjusted for gender, age of onset and disease duration. PRKN cases (n=9) were too few for meaningful statistical analysis. In comparison with genetically undefined patients, LRRK2 mutation carriers had more severe motor symptoms (median Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale scores ∼1.6 times higher, p,0.001), a higher rate ...
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression<...Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression. AU - Shi, Min. AU - Bradner, Joshua. AU - Hancock, Aneeka M.. AU - Chung, Kathryn (Kathy). AU - Quinn, Joseph. AU - Peskind, Elaine R.. AU - Galasko, Douglas. AU - Jankovic, Joseph. AU - Zabetian, Cyrus P.. AU - Kim, Hojoong M.. AU - Leverenz, James B.. AU - Montine, Thomas J.. AU - Ginghina, Carmen. AU - Kang, Un Jung. AU - Cain, Kevin C.. AU - Wang, Yu. AU - Aasly, Jan. AU - Goldstein, David. AU - Zhang, Jing. PY - 2011/3. Y1 - 2011/3. N2 - Objective: There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for Parkinson disease diagnosis, but not for PD severity. Methods: Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Strategies against Parkinsons Disease: Recent Perspectives | HTMLIJMS | Free Full-Text | Neuroprotective and Therapeutic Strategies against Parkinson's Disease: Recent Perspectives | HTML
Parkinsonism is a progressive motor disease that affects 1.5 million Americans and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimers. Typical neuropathological features of Parkinsons disease (PD) include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra that project to the striatum (nigro-striatal pathway) and depositions of cytoplasmic fibrillary inclusions (Lewy bodies) which contain ubiquitin and α-synuclein. The cardinal motor signs of PD are tremors, rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), poor balance, and difficulty in walking (Parkinsonian gait). In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms that include autonomic and psychiatric as well as cognitive impairments are pressing issues that need to be addressed. Several different mechanisms play an important role in generation of Lewy bodies; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced unfolded proteins, neuroinflammation and eventual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra
No association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against NMDA-type glutamate receptors | Translational...No association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against NMDA-type glutamate receptors | Translational...
IgG-class autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune encephalitis. Studies examining the prevalence of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting results. We measured NMDA antibodies in a large, well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment (n = 296) and controls (n = 295) free of neuropsychiatric disease. Detailed phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment. NMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated assays. We used anti-NMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic characteristics. The frequency of NMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients (13%) than in
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression.Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson disease diagnosis and progression.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease Diagnosis and Progression Min Shi, PhD,1 Joshua Bradner, MS,1 Aneeka M. Hancock, BS,1 Kathryn A. Chung, MD,2 Joseph F. Quinn, MD,2 Elaine R. Peskind, MD,3,4 Douglas Galasko, MD,5 Joseph Jankovic, MD,6 Cyrus P. Zabetian, MD,7,8 Hojoong M. Kim, MD,7,8 James B. Leverenz, MD,3,4,8 Thomas J. Montine, MD, PhD,1 Carmen Ginghina, MD,1 Un Jung Kang, MD,9 Kevin C. Cain, PhD,10 Yu Wang, MD, PhD,1,11 Jan Aasly, MD,12 David Goldstein, MD, PhD,13 and Jing Zhang, MD, PhD1 Objective: There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis, differential diagnosis of Parkinsonian disorders, and monitoring disease progression. We and others have demonstrated that a decrease in DJ-1 and/or a-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential index for Parkinson disease diagnosis, but not for PD severity. Methods: Using highly sensitive and quantitative Luminex assays, we measured total tau, phosphorylated tau, ...
Clinical outcome of unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy without microelectrode recording for intractable Parkinsons disease<...Clinical outcome of unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy without microelectrode recording for intractable Parkinson's disease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Clinical outcome of unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy without microelectrode recording for intractable Parkinsons disease. AU - Dewey, R. B.. AU - Giller, Cole A.. AU - Broline, S. K.. AU - Mendelsohn, D. B.. AU - Lacritz, L. H.. AU - Cullum, C. M.. PY - 2000/1/1. Y1 - 2000/1/1. N2 - Objective: To study the effects of unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy performed without microelectrode recording for advanced Parkinsons disease. Methods: Stereotactic coordinates were calculated by comparing preoperative inversion recovery MRI sequences with intraoperative CT scans. Conventional stereotactic stimulation techniques were employed to confirm correct probe placement. Patients were assessed using a modified CAPIT protocol with the off-state UPDRS motor score as the primary efficacy measure. Results: A statistically significant decline in off-state UPDRS motor scores occurred at 2 months (21% improvement in 32 patients) and also at 1 year postoperatively (30% improvement in 12 ...
Hereditary Early-Onset Parkinsons Disease Caused by Mutations in PINK1 | ScienceHereditary Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease Caused by Mutations in PINK1 | Science
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of cytoplasmic protein inclusions known as Lewy bodies. The majority of PD cases are sporadic; however, the identification of a number of genes responsible for rare familial forms of PD has provided important insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease. These genes, encoding α-synuclein, parkin, UCH-L1, and DJ-1, have implicated protein misfolding, impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease (1, 2).. We previously mapped PARK6, a locus linked to autosomal recessive, early-onset PD, to a 12.5-centimorgan (cM) region on chromosome 1p35-p36 by autozygosity mapping in a large consanguineous family from Sicily (3). Subsequent identification of two additional consanguineous families [one from central Italy (family IT-GR) (4) and one from Spain] provided additional ...
Frontal white matter lesions in Parkinson patients correlate with clinical phenotype and cognition.A diffusion tensor imaging...Frontal white matter lesions in Parkinson patients correlate with clinical phenotype and cognition.A diffusion tensor imaging...
Frontal white matter lesions in Parkinson patients correlate with clinical phenotype and cognition.A diffusion tensor imaging study. ...
Profile | College of Medicine and Health | University of ExeterProfile | College of Medicine and Health | University of Exeter
BACKGROUND: Agitation is a common, challenging symptom affecting large numbers of people with dementia and impacting on quality of life (QoL). There is an urgent need for evidence-based, cost-effective psychosocial interventions to improve these outcomes, particularly in the absence of safe, effective pharmacological therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a person-centred care and psychosocial intervention incorporating an antipsychotic review, WHELD, on QoL, agitation, and antipsychotic use in people with dementia living in nursing homes, and to determine its cost. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This was a randomised controlled cluster trial conducted between 1 January 2013 and 30 September 2015 that compared the WHELD intervention with treatment as usual (TAU) in people with dementia living in 69 UK nursing homes, using an intention to treat analysis. All nursing homes allocated to the intervention received staff training in person-centred care and social interaction and education ...
Pain management in patients with Parkinson's disease: challenges a | JMDHPain management in patients with Parkinson's disease: challenges a | JMDH
Pain management in patients with Parkinson's disease: challenges and solutions Orjan Skogar,1,2 Johan Lokk2 1Academy for Health and Care (FUTURUM), Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, 2Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract: This review focuses on the diagnosis and management of Parkinson-related pain which is one of the more frequently reported nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease. Pain is ranked high by patients as a troublesome symptom in all stages of the disease. In early-stage PD, pain is rated as the most bothersome symptom. Knowledge of the correct diagnosis of pain origin and possible methods of treatments for pain relief in PD is of great importance. The symptoms have a great negative impact on health-related quality of life. Separating PD-related pain from pain of other origins is an
Parkinsons Disease - an appeal for common sense. Find the cause! - WeeksMDParkinson's Disease - an appeal for common sense. Find the cause! - WeeksMD
Parkinson-like symptoms can also occur as a result of head injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning or poisoning by pharmaceutical or other drugs. Certain diuretics (reserpine), antipsychotics (chlorpromazine), and heart drugs (verapamil) have all been implicated in causing or worsening Parkinsons disease symptoms as has the "designer drug" MPTP (methylphenyl-tetrahydropyridine). In some cases, drug-induced Parkinsons disease may be halted or reversed if the drug is promptly withdrawn. Naproxen and other NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) may also exacerbate Parkinsons disease(1,2,8-10).. Recent research carried out in Iceland, which has a very high incidence of Parkinsons disease, has shown that children born during or after a whooping cough (pertussis) epidemic are particularly vulnerable to Parkinsons disease in later life(11). This finding supports the idea that Parkinsons disease may develop later in life as a result of a neurotoxic event that occurred at an early ...
UC San Diego Health Systems Movement Disorder Center joins NPF Center of Excellence networkUC San Diego Health System's Movement Disorder Center joins NPF Center of Excellence network
The Movement Disorder Center at UC San Diego Health System has been designated the 41st Center of Excellence in the National Parkinson Foundations global network. This designation is the highest recognition offered by NPF to a Parkinsons specialty clinic. It represents the consensus of leaders in the field that the UC San Diego program is among the worlds leading centers for Parkinsons research, outreach and care.
Brain rewiring in Parkinsons disease may contribute to abnormal movement - TurnCOINBrain rewiring in Parkinson's disease may contribute to abnormal movement - TurnCOIN
Immunohistochemistry for alpha-synuclein showing positive staining (brown) of an intraneural Lewy-body in the Substantia nigra in Parkinsons disease. Credit: Wikipedia The brains own mechanisms for dealing with the loss of dopamine neurons in Parkinsons disease may be a source of the disorders abnormal movement, according to a Northwestern Medicine study published in Neuron. The study…
Parkinsons disease « Dr. Kolesnik - Neurologist New York, NYParkinson's disease « Dr. Kolesnik - Neurologist New York, NY
Parkinsons disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. Tremors, rigidity, slow movement (bradykinesia), poor balance, and difficulty walking (called parkinsonian gait) are characteristic primary symptoms of Parkinsons disease.
Research Report | Parkinsons Disease: A Giving Smarter Guide » Milken InstituteResearch Report | Parkinson's Disease: A Giving Smarter Guide » Milken Institute
Parkinsons Disease (PD) is a chronic, neurodegenerative movement disorder that affects the lives of more than 1 million Americans. PD slowly worsens over time, increasingly robbing patients of coordinated movement and inflicting a number non-motor symptoms ranging from cognitive impairment to gastrointestinal issues. Approximately 90 percent of PD cases occur spontaneously, while 10 percent of cases are familial. PD mainly affects the elderly, however the cause of PD is unknown. There are currently no treatments that can slow or stop the relentless progression of the disease. ...
Chronic, low-dose rotenone reproduces Lewy neurites found in early stages of Parkinsons disease, reduces mitochondrial...Chronic, low-dose rotenone reproduces Lewy neurites found in early stages of Parkinson's disease, reduces mitochondrial...
Parkinsons disease, the most common adult neurodegenerative movement disorder, demonstrates a brain-wide pathology that begins pre-clinically with alpha-synuclein aggregates (Lewy neurites) in processes of gut enteric and vagal motor neurons. Rost
Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes an autosomal dominant | EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Activate...Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes an autosomal dominant | EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Activate...
Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes an autosomal dominant and late-onset familial Parkinsons disease (PD). FAK activation through different mechanisms that are the advertising of autoinhibition and/or the recruitment of phosphatases, such as for example SHP-2. continues to be connected with an autosomal dominant, late-onset type of familial Parkinsons disease (PD). The encoded proteins, LRRK2, is approximately 280 kDa in proportions and contains many useful domains, including a serine/threonine kinase area [1]. Among the PD-related pathogenic mutations discovered throughout the whole gene [2], the G2019S mutation, which enhances kinase activity [3], continues to be within both familial and sporadic PD [4,5]. Many reports have sought to recognize the kinase substrates of LRRK2 to boost our knowledge of LRRK2-mediated PD pathogenesis, and LRRK2 provides been proven to govern different biological features, including neurite outgrowth, cell MEK162 inhibitor database migration, ...
Mechanisms of Parkinsons Disease: Lessons from Drosophila. | MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitMechanisms of Parkinson's Disease: Lessons from Drosophila. | MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit
The power of Drosophila genetics has attracted attention in tackling important biomedical challenges such as the understanding and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinsons disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder which results from the relentless degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Over the past two decades tremendous advances have been made in identifying genes responsible for inherited forms of PD. The ease of genetic manipulation in Drosophila has spurred the development of numerous models of PD, including expression of human genes carrying pathogenic mutations or the targeted mutation of conserved orthologs. The genetic and cellular analysis of these models is beginning to reveal fundamental insights into the pathogenic mechanisms. Numerous pathways and processes are disrupted in these models but some common themes are emerging. These often implicate aberrant synaptic function, protein aggregation, autophagy, oxidative stress, and ...
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Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be accompanied by extra pyramidal signs (EPS), which are related to the severity and type of cognitive impairment. We aimed to elucidate further the relationship between MCI and EPS, analyzing the correlation between the severity of EPS and cognitive functions, and the presence of EPS and neuro-psychiatric features.. Methods: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of 150 MCI outpatients. Participants underwent a clinical assessment including the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, the Tinetti Scale, and a standardized neuropsychological battery. Mild EPS could be defined as being present (MCI with mild EPS) using a subscale of UPDRS, based on three specific symptoms: bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor.. Results: The two groups, one with mild EPS (24%) and one without EPS (76%), differed in gait abnormalities and presence of extrapyramidal symptoms. Groups did not differ in terms of general cognitive ...
Recherche uO Research: Motor Deficits in an Alpha-Synuclein Mouse Model of Parkinsons Disease are not Exacerbated by Gba1...Recherche uO Research: Motor Deficits in an Alpha-Synuclein Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease are not Exacerbated by Gba1...
Parkinsons disease is a movement disorder characterized by nigrostriatal dopamine pathway degeneration and neuronal α-synuclein accumulation. Pathogenesis is associated with mutations in α-synuclein and Gba1 encoding alleles. Animal models created to date do not recapitulate the spectrum of clinical disease features. This thesis characterizes the bi-genic Synergy mouse, hypothesized to demonstrate motor behavioural and histological abnormalities downstream of α-synuclein overexpression and mutated Gba1. Synergy and SNCA mice (overexpressed α-synuclein with wild-type Gba1) have early onset deficits in motor coordination, muscle strength and nest building. Both exhibit increased α-synuclein concentration in the brain and cerebellar inclusions positive for two markers of pathological α-synuclein processing. Overall mutant Gba1 expression within Synergy mice does not worsen the behaviour or the histopathological findings associated with overexpression of human α-synuclein in SNCA mice. ...
How valid is the clinical diagnosis of Parkinsons disease in the community? | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & PsychiatryHow valid is the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in the community? | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
The results of this study, on a community level, correspond with results from pathological studies indicating that Parkinsons disease is often confused with other disorders. The main areas of diagnostic difficulty concern the distinction from other types of isolated, late onset tremor, vascular parkinsonism, and atypical types of parkinsonism, which are often mistakenly diagnosed as Parkinsons disease. On the other hand, patients with Parkinsons disease are sometimes not recognised as having this disorder, particularly those with mild disease or a relatively isolated tremor.. The rate of underdiagnosis is likely to be even higher, as we included only patients who had already come to medical attention with tremor or parkinsonian features. Some patients not meeting our screening criteria, particularly elderly people with akinetic-rigid parkinsonism without tremor, would have been missed in this study if postural instability and other parkinsonian features were attributed to old age. In door to ...
A molecular signature in blood identifies early Parkinsons disease | Molecular Neurodegeneration | Full TextA molecular signature in blood identifies early Parkinson's disease | Molecular Neurodegeneration | Full Text
The results of this study support our hypothesis that there are blood gene biomarkers that can distinguish early PD patients from normal control subjects. Notably, 38 out of the 62 Parkinson cases in the mild/early cohort were de novo and so, not treated with any antiparkinsonism drug when the blood samples were obtained while the rest were collected during the first year of medication. This suggests that the genetic signature could be an early diagnostic marker for PD. In support, the classifier model performed equally well in early stage de novo PD samples, producing a similar ROC AUC value to that obtained with the entire early PD cohort (de novo and medicated), indicating that patient medication had no significant effect on the PP of the classifier for PD risk and that the model is stable throughout the two PD groups. Supporting this concept, it was recently shown in a population of asymptomatic LRRK2 mutation carriers, that reduced CSF amyloid β and tau species correlated with lower ...
Move Forward Radio Recognizes Parkinson Disease Awareness MonthMove Forward Radio Recognizes Parkinson Disease Awareness Month
Move Forward Radio talked to Terry Ellis, PT, PhD, NCS, today about the benefits of physical therapy for those with Parkinson disease (PD). April is the National Parkinson Foundations Parkinson Awareness Month.. In the 29-minute episode, Ellis described how exercise can help offset many of the diseases familiar symptoms, noted the challenges that individuals with PD often have with multitasking, and outlined the importance of seeing a physical therapist early in the progression of the disease to maintain quality of life and avoid damaging falls, among other topics. In support of the show, APTA issued a press release and promoted MoveForwardPT.coms Physical Therapists Guide to Parkinson Disease via social media.. Move Forward Radio airs approximately twice a month. Episodes are featured and archived at MoveForwardPT.com, APTAs official consumer information website, and can be streamed online via Blog Talk Radio or downloaded as a podcast via iTunes.. APTA members are encouraged to alert ...
Mitochrondrial dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Novel locus for autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia,...Mitochrondrial dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Novel locus for autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia,...
Mitochrondrial dysfunction in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Novel locus for autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia, on chromosome 8q
Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation improves gait freezing in Parkinson disease. - Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsPedunculopontine nucleus stimulation improves gait freezing in Parkinson disease. - Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics
BACKGROUND: Pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) stimulation is a novel therapy for Parkinson disease. However, controversies remain regarding the clinical application of this new therapy, including patient selection, electrode positioning, and how best to assess outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the clinical application of PPN stimulation in Parkinson disease. METHODS: Five consecutive patients with Parkinson disease complicated by severe gait freezing, postural instability, and frequent falls (all persisting even while the patient was on medication) received bilateral stimulation of the mid-lower PPN without costimulation of other brain targets. Outcomes were assessed prospectively over 2 years with gait-specific questionnaires and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (part III). RESULTS: The primary outcome, the Gait and Falls Questionnaire score, improved significantly with stimulation. Benefits were maintained over 2 years. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (part III) items assessing gait and
Iraq Academic Scientific JournalsIraq Academic Scientific Journals
Abstract. Background:Parkinsondisease(PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, and impairment of postural reflexes; the frequency of PD increases with aging.Clinically Parkinsons disease characterized by two groups of symptoms: motor and non-motor symptoms.Non-motor symptoms can be categorized as autonomic, cognitive/psychiatric (may include depression, dementia, anxiety, hallucinations), sensory and rapid eye movements (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD).Objectives:The objectives of this study are to find out the frequency of the non-motor symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson disease in a group of patients in Baghdad hospitals.Type of the study:A cross sectional study with analytic elements,Methods: It was conducted in movement disorders clinic in neuroscience hospital, outpatient clinic at Baghdad teaching hospital and AL-Kadhumain teaching hospital during the period between the 1st. of December 2013 ...
Ιατρικά Άρθρα Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης: Dopaminergic Therapies for Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinsons DiseaseΙατρικά Άρθρα Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης: Dopaminergic Therapies for Non-motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease
Apart from the typical motor symptoms, Parkinsons disease is characterized by a wide range of different non-motor symptoms, which are highly prevalent in all stages of the disease and have an incisive influence on quality of life. Moreover, their treatment continues to be challenging. In this review, we critically summarize the evidence for the impact of dopaminergic therapies on non-motor symptoms in Parkinsons disease. We performed a PubMed search to identify relevant clinical studies that investigated the response of non-motor symptoms to dopaminergic therapy. In the domain of neuropsychiatric disturbances, there is increasing evidence that dopamine agonists can ameliorate depression or anxiety. Other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis or impulse control disorders can also be worsened or even be induced by dopaminergic agents. For the treatment of sleep disturbances, it is essential to identify different subtypes of sleep pathologies. While there is for example profound evidence ...
Corrigendum to Selegiline use is associated with a slower progression in early Parkinsons disease as evaluated by Hoehn and...Corrigendum to "Selegiline use is associated with a slower progression in early Parkinson's disease as evaluated by Hoehn and...
Zhao, Y.J., Wee, H.L., Au, W.L., Seah, S.H., Luo, N., Li, S.C., Tan, L.C.S. (2011-05). Corrigendum to "Selegiline use is associated with a slower progression in early Parkinsons disease as evaluated by Hoehn and Yahr stage transition times" [Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17 (2011) 194-197]. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 17 (4) : 299-300. [email protected] Repository. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.02. ...
Personality and addictive behaviours in early Parkinsons disease and REM sleep behaviour disorder. - Oxford NeurosciencePersonality and addictive behaviours in early Parkinson's disease and REM sleep behaviour disorder. - Oxford Neuroscience
INTRODUCTION: Changes in personality have been described in Parkinsons disease (PD), with suggestion that those with established disease tend to be risk averse with a disinclination for addictive behaviour. However, little is known about the earliest and prodromal stages. Personality and its relationship with addictive behaviours can help answer important questions about the mechanisms underlying PD and addiction. METHODS: 941 population-ascertained PD subjects within 3.5 years of diagnosis, 128 patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and 292 control subjects were fully characterised for motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms and across the following 5 personality domains: 1) neuroticism 2) extraversion 3) conscientiousness 4) agreeableness 5) openness using the Big Five Inventory. RESULTS: Patients with early PD were more neurotic (p | 0.001), less extraverted (p | 0.001) and less open than controls (p | 0.001). RBD subjects showed the same pattern of being more neurotic (p | 0.001
Characteristic Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Related to Quality of Life in Drug-Na ïve Patients with Late-Onset Parkinson Disease.Characteristic Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Related to Quality of Life in Drug-Na ïve Patients with Late-Onset Parkinson Disease.
Characteristic Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Related to Quality of Life in Drug-Naïve Patients with Late-Onset Parkinson Disease. Neurodegener Dis. 2018 Jan 12;18(1):19-25 Authors: Park HR, Youn J, Cho JW, Oh ES, Kim JS, Park S, Jang W, Park JS Abstract BACKGROUND/AIMS: Unlike young-onset Parkinson disease (YOPD), characteristics of late-onset PD (LOPD) have not yet been c...
Fiber-modified adenovirus for central nervous system Parkinsons disease gene therapy<...Fiber-modified adenovirus for central nervous system Parkinson's disease gene therapy<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Fiber-modified adenovirus for central nervous system Parkinsons disease gene therapy. AU - Lewis, Travis B.. AU - Glasgow, Joel N.. AU - Harms, Ashley S.. AU - Standaert, David G.. AU - Curiel, David T.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2014/8/21. Y1 - 2014/8/21. N2 - Gene-based therapies for neurological diseases continue to develop briskly. As disease mechanisms are elucidated, flexible gene delivery platforms incorporating transcriptional regulatory elements, therapeutic genes and targeted delivery are required for the safety and efficacy of these approaches. Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vectors can carry large genetic payloads to provide this flexibility, but do not transduce neuronal cells efficiently. To address this, we have developed a tropism-modified Ad5 vector with neuron-selective targeting properties for evaluation in models of Parkinson disease therapy. A panel of tropism-modified Ad5 vectors was screened for enhanced ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Parkinsons disease - Homo sapiens (human)KEGG PATHWAY: Parkinson's disease - Homo sapiens (human)
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Mutations in alpha-synuclein, UCHL1 (a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1), parkin, DJ1 (a parkin-associated protein involved with oxidative stress), and PINK1 (a putative serine threonine kinase) are known to cause early-onset PD. Mutations or altered expression of these proteins contributes to the damage and subsequent loss of DA neurons through common mechanisms that result in proteasome dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative stress. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum. This results in a reduced activation of the direct pathway and in a disinhibition of the indirect pathway, which is associated with the elevation of adenosine A2A receptor transmission. Such unbalanced activity of the striatal output pathway is at the basis ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Parkinsons disease - Mus musculus (mouse)KEGG PATHWAY: Parkinson's disease - Mus musculus (mouse)
Parkinsons disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Mutations in alpha-synuclein, UCHL1 (a ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1), parkin, DJ1 (a parkin-associated protein involved with oxidative stress), and PINK1 (a putative serine threonine kinase) are known to cause early-onset PD. Mutations or altered expression of these proteins contributes to the damage and subsequent loss of DA neurons through common mechanisms that result in proteasome dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative stress. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum. This results in a reduced activation of the direct pathway and in a disinhibition of the indirect pathway, which is associated with the elevation of adenosine A2A receptor transmission. Such unbalanced activity of the striatal output pathway is at the basis ...
Alpha-synuclein and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson s Disease | Parkinsons DiseaseAlpha-synuclein and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson s Disease | Parkinson's Disease
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) genetic variability has been implicated in many susceptibility studies of idiopathic Parkinson s disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, typically described as Diffuse Lewy body Disease (DLBD) post-mortem) and to a lesser extent multiple system atrophy (MSA). However, which precise variant within the region contributes to the clinical (movement and cognitive) or pathologic phenotypes is unclear. In this study we proposed to sequence the entire SNCA genomic locus (and171 other genes implicated in dopamine metabolism, parkinsonism, dementia and neurodegeneration) to identify specific SNCA biomarkers. Towards this end complete resequencing and/or genotyping has been accomplished for: a) de novo PD (the entire Parkinson s Progressive Markers Initiative series); b) four PD-MCI cohorts (patients with ,5 progression with detailed longitudinal evaluation beyond another 3-8 years and data on PD‐MCI and PDD to MCI (level II) criteria), and; c) autopsy-confirmed Lewy body ...
NIH Guide: PARKINSONS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERS OF EXCELLENCENIH Guide: PARKINSON'S DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE
PARKINSONS DISEASE RESEARCH CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE NIH Guide, Volume 26, Number 38, November 21, 1997 RFA: NS-98-001 P.T. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Letter of Intent Receipt Date: January 15, 1998 Application Receipt Date: April 24, 1998 PURPOSE In response to recent research progress and opportunity, and in recognition of Congressional interest to intensify and to expand basic and clinical research in Parkinsons Disease, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) invites qualified investigators to submit grant applications for the establishment of NINDS Parkinsons Disease Research Centers of Excellence. The purpose of this Request for Applications (RFA) is to encourage additional research opportunities and discoveries that will lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of patients with Parkinsons Disease, based on a better understanding of the fundamental cause(s) of the disease. It is expected that these Centers will foster an environment ...
Parkinson disease | NeurologyParkinson disease | Neurology
In their article "Deep brain stimulation in early-stage Parkinson disease: Five-year outcomes,"1 Dr. Hacker and colleagues compared 2 groups of people with Parkinson disease (PD): those who only took medication for their PD and those who combined medications with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Other studies have taken a similar approach, but this study was different because it looked at people who had early PD. Most past studies have focused only on people with moderate or advanced PD. In addition, this study looked at outcomes after 5 years. Most studies are shorter, and do not look at how people do over a long period of time. ...
Table 1 | Psychosis Assessment in Early-Stage Parkinsons Disease: Comparing Parkinsons Psychosis Questionnaire with the Brief...Table 1 | Psychosis Assessment in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: Comparing Parkinson's Psychosis Questionnaire with the Brief...
Table 1: Psychosis Assessment in Early-Stage Parkinsons Disease: Comparing Parkinsons Psychosis Questionnaire with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale in a Portuguese Sample
SC15 Video Highlights Cutting-Edge Brain Simulations that help Parkinsons Patients | SC15SC15 Video Highlights Cutting-Edge Brain Simulations that help Parkinson's Patients | SC15
Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute at the University of Utah helps doctors to pinpoint brain stimulation sites that relieve tremors in Parkinsons patients and drastically improve quality of life.. An enlightening video series launched by the SC (Supercomputing) conference steering committee in 2013 aims to illustrate how high performance computing is impacting everyday life - from manufacturing to storm prediction to the making of Hollywood blockbusters. The latest in the series is a short video highlighting the innovative work being done at the University of Utahs Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute in regards to helping Parkinsons patients lead more normal lives through deep brain stimulation (DBS).. Although it may sound like something straight from a scene in a science fiction film, new surgery techniques that place a set of wires under the skull to transmit electrical signals to different areas of the brain has gotten even more effective with the help of computers. Its ...
Lentiviral vector delivery of parkin prevents dopaminergic degeneration in an alpha-synuclein rat model of Parkinsons disease ...Lentiviral vector delivery of parkin prevents dopaminergic degeneration in an alpha-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease ...
Parkinsons disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions called Lewy bodies. Mutations in several genes including alpha-synuclein and parkin have been linked to familial PD. The loss of parkins E3-ligase activity leads to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in early-onset autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, suggesting a key role of parkin for dopamine neuron survival. To evaluate the potential neuroprotective role of parkin in the pathogenesis of PD, we tested whether overexpression of wild-type rat parkin could protect against the toxicity of mutated human A30P alpha-synuclein in a rat lentiviral model of PD. Animals overexpressing parkin showed significant reductions in alpha-synuclein-induced neuropathology, including preservation of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cell bodies in the substantia nigra and sparing of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve terminals in the striatum. The parkin-mediated neuroprotection was
Stress takes its toll in Parkinsons diseaseStress takes its toll in Parkinson's disease
The good news is preclinical research shows this stress can be controlled with a drug already approved for human use. By preventing calcium entry, the drug isradipine reduced the mitochondrial stress in dopamine-releasing neurons to the levels seen in neurons not affected by the disease. Northwestern Medicine scientists currently are conducting a clinical trial to find out if isradipine can be used safely and is tolerated by patients with Parkinsons. Isradipine is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of high blood pressure. Parkinsons disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States, second only to Alzheimers disease. The average age of diagnosis is near 60. More than 1 million Americans currently have Parkinsons disease, and this number is rising as the population ages. The symptoms of Parkinsons disease include rigidity, slowness of movement and tremors. No treatment currently is known to prevent or slow the progression of ...
Apokyn Market (Parkinsons Disease) Forecast to 2022: RnRMarketResearch.com - Market Research Reports StoreApokyn Market (Parkinson's Disease) Forecast to 2022: RnRMarketResearch.com - Market Research Reports Store
RnRMarketResearch.com adds report "Apokyn (Parkinsons Disease) - Forecast and Market Analysis to 2022" to its store.. Parkinsons disease is a progressive condition that is characterized by bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. As the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinsons disease may affect individuals of any age but prevalence is increased with age and it is most common in the elderly. Dopaminergic therapies have been fairly effective in treating bradykinesia, but several unmet needs remain. Some needs will be met during the forecast period from 2012-2022, while others, such as the need for disease-modifying drugs, will remain. GlobalData expects that advancements will be made in levodopa administration and that four new molecular entities will be introduced to the market by 2022, these factors along with increased patient numbers from an aging population will drive the market during the forecast period.. Inquire For Discount @ ...
Perdue, Bev. Proclamation, 2010-02-08, Parkinsons Disease Awareness Month :: Modern Governors PapersPerdue, Bev. Proclamation, 2010-02-08, Parkinson's Disease Awareness Month :: Modern Governors' Papers
BEVERLY EAVES PERDUE GOVERNOR PARKINSONS DISEASE AWARENESS MONTH 2010 BY THE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA A PROCLAMATION WHEREAS, Parkinsons Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects people of all ages, with the average age of onset being 60, and I 5% of those are diagnosed before age 50; and WHEREAS, according to the Carolinas Medical Center, Parkinsons Disease & Movement Disorders Clinic, approximately 20,000 individuals are seek ing treatment for Parkinsons Disease in North Carolina; and WHEREAS, more indi viduals suffer from Parkinson s Disease than Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy and Lou Gelu-igs Disease combined; and WHEREAS, the symptoms of Parkinsons Disease - tremor, rigidity, slowness, poor movement, and difficulty with balance and speaking- are often mistaken for other conditions, especially in the younger adult, or as a normal part of the aging process; and WHEREAS, Parkinsons Disease takes an enormous emotional, psychological and physical ...
What are the benefits of DBS surgery? What are the risks of DBS surgery? | Bachmann Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation,...What are the benefits of DBS surgery? What are the risks of DBS surgery? | Bachmann Strauss Dystonia & Parkinson Foundation,...
The major benefit of DBS surgery for Parkinsons disease is that it makes movement in the off-medication state more like the movement in the on-medication state. In addition, it can reduce levodopa-induced dyskinesias, either by a direct suppressive effect or indirectly by allowing some reduction in anti-parkinsonian medication. Thus, the procedure is most beneficial for Parkinsons patients who have prominent motor fluctuations, that is that they cycle between states of immobility (off state) and states of better mobility (on state).
Frontiers | Distinct Parameters in the EEG of the PLP α-SYN Mouse Model for Multiple System Atrophy Reinforce Face Validity |...Frontiers | Distinct Parameters in the EEG of the PLP α-SYN Mouse Model for Multiple System Atrophy Reinforce Face Validity |...
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by parkinsonian symptoms and cerebellar symptoms. Sleep disturbances also play a crucial role in MSA. One of the most convincing animal models in MSA research is the PLP α-SYN model, but to date no studies on sleep disturbances in this mouse model, frequently found in MSA patients are available. We identified spectral shifts within the EEG of the model, strikingly resembling results of clinical studies. We also characterized muscle activity during REM sleep, which is one of the key symptoms in REM sleep behavioral disorder. Spectral shifts and REM sleep-linked muscle activity were age dependent, supporting face validity of the PLP α-SYN model. We also strongly suggest our findings to be critically evaluated for predictive validity in future studies. Currently, research on MSA lacks potential compounds attenuating or curing MSA. Future drugs must prove its potential in animal models, for this our study provides
PARKINSONS DISEASE QUESTIONNAIRE (PDQ-39) AS A PRIMARY ENDPOINT IN A TRIAL COMPARING DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION WITH BEST MEDICAL...PARKINSON'S DISEASE QUESTIONNAIRE (PDQ-39) AS A PRIMARY ENDPOINT IN A TRIAL COMPARING DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION WITH BEST MEDICAL...
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Predictors of Functional and Quality of Life Outcomes following Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in Parkinsons Disease Patients:...Predictors of Functional and Quality of Life Outcomes following Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in Parkinson's Disease Patients:...
Parkinsons Disease is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, genetics, cellular, molecular and neurophysiology, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinsons disease.
Resting tremor classification and detection in Parkinsons disease patients - Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesResting tremor classification and detection in Parkinson's disease patients - Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Parkinson is a neurodegenerative disease, in which tremor is the main symptom. This paper investigates the use of different classification methods to identify tremors experienced by Parkinsonian patients. Some previous research has focussed tremor analysis on external body signals (e.g., electromyography, accelerometer signals, etc.). Our advantage is that we have access to sub-cortical d ata, which facilitates the applicability of the obtained results into real medical devices since we are dealing with brain signals directly. Local field potentials (LFP) were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus of 7 Parkinsonian patients through the implanted electrodes of a deep brain stimulation (DBS) device prior to its internalization. Measured LFP signals were preprocessed by means of splinting, down sampling, filtering, normalization and rectification. Then, feature extraction was conducted through a multi-level decomposition via a wavelet transform. Finally, artificial
Frequent low-fat dairy consumption may increase Parkinsons disease risk | News | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthFrequent low-fat dairy consumption may increase Parkinson's disease risk | News | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
Consuming three or more servings of low-fat dairy each day was associated with a higher risk of being diagnosed with Parkinsons disease (PD) in a large study of U.S. men and women, according to a new paper by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers and colleagues. In addition, drinking more than a single serving of low-fat or skim milk daily appeared to increase the risk compared to those who drink less than a serving per week. The authors did not find a PD association with full-fat dairy consumption.. The study was published in the June 7, 2017 online issue of Neurology, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology, and will appear in the July 4, 2017 print issue.. The authors emphasized in the study that the findings do not show that dairy products cause Parkinsons disease, but point to an association. More research is needed before recommendations can be made about dairy consumption.. "Our study is the largest analysis of dairy and Parkinsons to date," said lead ...
Use of Anticholinergic Drugs Does Not Increase Risk for Dementia in Parkinsons Disease Patients - Healthcanal.comUse of Anticholinergic Drugs Does Not Increase Risk for Dementia in Parkinson's Disease Patients - Healthcanal.com
Recent evidence has shown a greater risk of dementia, in particular Alzheimers disease (AD), in individuals using anticholinergic medications regularly. These drugs are widely used by older adults to treat bladder dysfunction, mood, and pain, and many of them are available without prescription. Since these drugs are often used to treat both motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinsons Disease (PD), there is concern for increased risk of dementia. Contrary to expectations, a study in the current issue of the Journal of Parkinsons Disease determined that the cognitive performance of PD patients taking anticholinergic medications did not differ from those who did not.. Principal investigator David J. Burn, Director of the Institute of Neuroscience and Professor of Movement Disorder Neurology at Newcastle University, UK, explained, "This is the first study to explore an association between anticholinergic burden and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD participants, and is ...
Frontiers | Dysregulated Long Non-coding RNAs in Parkinsons Disease Contribute to the Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells |...Frontiers | Dysregulated Long Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson's Disease Contribute to the Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells |...
The molecular mechanism underlying Parkinsons disease (PD), an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease, remains unclear. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays essential roles in gene expression and human diseases. We hypothesize that lncRNAs are involved in neuronal degeneration of PD. Using microarray, we identified 122 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and 48 DE mRNAs between the circulating leukocytes from PD patients and healthy controls. There were 714 significant correlations (r ≥ 0.8 or ≤−0.8, p
DBS-implanted Parkinsons Disease Patients by Mary Linton Peters, Paula Ravin et al."DBS-implanted Parkinson's Disease Patients" by Mary Linton Peters, Paula Ravin et al.
Dysosmia in PD (Parkinsons Disease) may result from changes in the olfactory apparatus or in structures involved in olfactory perception. Previous work1,2 has suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS) pa-tients have improved odor discrimination in stimulation-on/medication-off state in comparison to their own scores in a stimulation-off/medication-off state. What remains unclear is whether it is the ON state itself or an effect of stimulation that leads to improved olfaction. In this study we evaluate dysosmia in two PD cohorts in the ON state, those treated with medication alone and those treated with medication and DBS. A prospective study geared at improving predictive value of olfactory testing with a battery of psychological tests enrolled 45 PD patients and 44 controls. Of the PD patients, 9 had bilateral STN (subthalamic nucleus) DBS and 36 were medically treated. Subset analysis of PD patients with and without DBS placement revealed no difference in apathy or depression. DBS patients had
Internet-based physical assessment of people with Parkinson disease is accurate and reliable: A pilot study<...Internet-based physical assessment of people with Parkinson disease is accurate and reliable: A pilot study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Internet-based physical assessment of people with Parkinson disease is accurate and reliable. T2 - A pilot study. AU - Russell, Trevor G. AU - Hoffmann, Tammy C. AU - Nelson, Mark. AU - Thompson, Leah. AU - Vincent, Amy. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. N2 - Telerehabilitation may be an alternative service delivery model for people with Parkinson disease (PD) who live in areas where traditional rehabilitation services are not readily accessible. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of performing remote physical assessments of people with PD via telerehabilitation when compared with traditional face-to-face assessments. Twelve subjects were simultaneously examined by a face-to-face investigator and a remote investigator via the eHAB telerehabilitation system. The outcome measures evaluated included the timed stance test, Timed "Up and Go" test, step test, steps in 360 degree turn, Berg Balance Scale, and lateral and functional reach tests. Limits of agreements ...
A primer on Parkinsons disease - HT HealthA primer on Parkinson's disease - HT Health
What can we expect? What is his life expectancy? How is this treated? -- B.B.. ANSWER: Parkinsons disease, PD, is estimated to affect a million North Americans. Its a difficult illness -- difficult to have, difficult to treat and difficult to understand. Most of the time, the illness strikes people over the age of 60, and most cases of Parkinsons disease are not inherited.. The underlying problem is a depletion of dopamine, a brain chemical that is vital to smooth, coordinated muscle movement and to thinking. Four prominent signs distinguish this illness. One is tremor, a shaking of the hands when theyre at rest, as they are when theyre lying in the lap. The index finger and thumb constantly roll over each other. Muscle rigidity is obvious when a doctor tries to move the arms or legs of the patient. They tend to be tightly frozen. Parkinsons patients find it hard to button a shirt or tie shoes. Bradykinesia, slowness of movement, is another sign of PD. Typically, patients walk with slow, ...
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs no therapy in mild to moderate Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial -...Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs no therapy in mild to moderate Parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial -...
RESULTS Of the 762 patients included in the study (mean [SD] age, 70 [9.1] years), 381 received physiotherapy and occupational therapy and 381 received no therapy. At 3 months, there was no difference between groups in NEADL total score (difference, 0.5 points; 95%CI, −0.7 to 1.7; P = .41) or Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 summary index (0.007 points; 95%CI, −1.5 to 1.5; P = .99). The EuroQol-5D quotient was of borderline significance in favor of therapy (−0.03; 95%CI, −0.07 to −0.002; P = .04). The median therapist contact time was 4 visits of 58 minutes over 8 weeks. Repeated-measures analysis showed no difference in NEADL total score, but Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 summary index (diverging 1.6 points per annum; 95%CI, 0.47 to 2.62; P = .005) and EuroQol-5D score (0.02; 95%CI, 0.00007 to 0.03; P = .04) showed small differences in favor of therapy. There was no difference in adverse events ...
Why is deep brain stimulation (DBS) the surgical procedure of choice for Parkinson disease (PD)?Why is deep brain stimulation (DBS) the surgical procedure of choice for Parkinson disease (PD)?
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become the surgical procedure of choice for Parkinson disease for the following reasons: It does not involve destruction of brain tissue It is reversible It can be ... more
Links - Center for Neurosciences Center for NeurosciencesLinks - Center for Neurosciences Center for Neurosciences
Parkinsons Disease Links. National Institutes of Health. Morris K. Udall Centers of Excellence for Parkinsons Disease Research: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/research/parkinsonsweb/udall_centers/index.htm. Parkinsons Disease Research Web: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/research/parkinsonsweb/index.htm. Parkinsons Disease Foundations. American Parkinson Disease Association: http://www.apdaparkinson.org/. Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation: http://www.dystonia-parkinson.org/. The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research: https://www.michaeljfox.org/. National Parkinson Foundation: http://www.parkinson.org/. Parkinsons Action Network (This organization (PAN) is no longer in operation. Key PAN staff and programs have transitioned to The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinsons Research (MJFF), and content from the PAN website now lives on https://www.michaeljfox.org/policy. Parkinsons Disease Foundation: http://www.pdf.org/. Parkinsons Disease Study Group: ...
FDA approves deep brain stimulation for people with Parkinsons disease with recent onset of motor complications - NeuroNews...FDA approves deep brain stimulation for people with Parkinson's disease with recent onset of motor complications - NeuroNews...
Strong clinical evidence demonstrates that, when compared to the best medical treatment alone, Medtronic DBS Therapy offers Parkinsons patients with recent onset of motor fluctuations and dyskinesias not adequately controlled with medication a higher likelihood of symptom improvement. Historically, the therapy has often not been considered until symptoms have had a significant impact on quality of life," said Mahlon DeLong, the W P Timmie professor of neurology at Emory University School of Medicine, USA. "This decision by the FDA is significant in that Medtronic DBS Therapy may be considered before the symptoms and complications of disease become severe. Parkinsons patients should be referred to an experienced DBS multidisciplinary centre for a comprehensive evaluation of possible Medtronic DBS therapy. For patients who are still functioning socially and able to work, this may translate into improved quality of life and an overall reduction of the burden of disease." ...
Parkinsons Disease at 29, Man Opts for New Brain Surgery - ABC NewsParkinson's Disease at 29, Man Opts for New Brain Surgery - ABC News
Tommy Zuleger had asleep deep brain stimulation surgery, at a time when more Americans are being diagnosed at an early age. New studies show that early-onset Parkinsons patients benefit more from surgery than medication.
Implications of Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson Disease | Psychiatric TimesImplications of Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson Disease | Psychiatric Times
The challenges of recognizing behaviors such as hypersexuality, gambling, and excessive buying in Parkinson disease are discussed, as are ways to address them while still managing the underlying condition.
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NMR analysis of the CSF and plasma metabolome of rigorously matched amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsons disease and...NMR analysis of the CSF and plasma metabolome of rigorously matched amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and...
Parkinsons disease - WikipediaParkinson's disease - Wikipedia
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PARKINSONS DISEASE GENE DISCOVEREDPARKINSON'S DISEASE GENE DISCOVERED
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Parkinson Diseasealpha-SynucleinAntiparkinson AgentsParkinsonian DisordersGlucosylceramidaseLevodopaLewy BodiesParkinson Disease, SecondarySubstantia NigraDeep Brain Stimulation1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridineDopamineDopaminergic NeuronsSubthalamic NucleusLewy Body DiseaseMultiple System AtrophyGait Disorders, NeurologicOxidopamineMPTP PoisoningPostural BalanceDance TherapyNeurodegenerative DiseasesPutamenUbiquitin-Protein LigasesSupranuclear Palsy, ProgressiveEssential TremorPedunculopontine Tegmental NucleusNeuronsGaitBrainGaucher DiseaseREM Sleep Behavior DisorderTyrosine 3-MonooxygenasePergolidebeta-SynucleinHypokinesiaOncogene ProteinsNerve DegenerationCorpus StriatumGlobus PallidusDementiaCarbidopaManebGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAge of OnsetMutationMovement DisordersMesencephalonMitochondriaSynucleins1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridiniumNeuropsychological TestsSeverity of Illness IndexNeuroprotective AgentsTropanesDopamine Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsCase-Control StudiesSleep Arousal DisordersPositron-Emission TomographyApathyDisease Models, AnimalBenzothiazolesPrimary DysautonomiasDyskinesiasPostmortem ChangesOlfaction DisordersAlzheimer Diseasetau ProteinsAutophagyManganese PoisoningGenetic TestingDyskinesia, Drug-InducedPure Autonomic FailureRotenoneDopamine AgentsCognition DisordersParaquatDopamine AgonistsGenome-Wide Association StudyNeurologic ExaminationPemolineSelenoprotein W3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidReality TherapySweat Gland DiseasesNerve Tissue ProteinsAdrenergic AgentsBasal GangliaChromogranin BAccidental FallsPolymorphism, Single NucleotideParkinson Disease, PostencephaliticIntroversion (Psychology)Oxidative StressMotor SkillsPenetranceStereotaxic TechniquesVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsImpulse Control DisordersDreamsProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesMitochondrial DegradationSodium BenzoateMental Status ScheduleMutation, MissenseProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexDeglutition DisordersUbiquitinIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsDNA Repeat ExpansionDNA Mutational AnalysisDihydroxyphenylalanineReproducibility of ResultsFungicides, IndustrialSympatholyticsCohort StudiesMovementAnalysis of VarianceNeostriatumHerbicidesGenotypeTask Performance and AnalysisAmyloidModels, BiologicalPsychomotor PerformanceReceptors, DopamineInclusion BodiesRisk FactorsAutopsyElectron Transport Complex IMonoamine OxidaseTremorNeurotoxinsExercise TherapyProtein KinasesProteolysisFamily HealthThiazolesTime FactorsGlial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic FactorMotor ActivityNeurologyPC12 CellsDisease ProgressionDisability EvaluationPhysical Therapy ModalitiesHallucinationsJewsSensation DisordersAmyloid beta-PeptidesAutonomic Nervous System DiseasesChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Caudate NucleusActivities of Daily LivingGamblingPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesPortugalCell DeathWalkingGene FrequencyCognition
Parkinson'sClinicalAmerican Parkinson Disease AssociationNeuronsMutationsTremorBiomarkersUnified Parkinson Disease Rating ScaleDifferential diagnosisPatients with Parkinson diseaseCerebrospinal fluidLewySeverityTreatmentAssociated with Parkinson's diseaseJames ParkinsonDeep brain stimuOnset of Parkinson's diseaseRelated to Parkinson's diseaseTremors1817National Parkinson FoundationParkinsonismPerson living with Parkinson'sDementiaRigidityBachmann-Strauss DystoniaStages of Parkinson's DiseaseTreatment of Parkinson's diseaseNeurologicalPostural instabilityAffectsComplicationsNeurodegenerative disorderEnfermedadLikely to get Parkinson's diseaseRisk of Parkinson disease100,000 peoplePatientsIdiopathicRole in Parkinson's diseaseDisorderCause of Parkinson's diseaseTouched by Parkinson's diseaseEarly onset Parkinson's diseaseDiagnosis of Parkinson's diseaseProgression of Parkinson's diseaseSymptomClinicalAmerican Academy oDegenerative diseaseTreatmentsPathogenesisDepressionEtiologyNervous systemDelay the onset of disabling ParkinsonTreat Parkinson's diseaseCauses Parkinson's diseaseDevelop Parkinson's diseaseParkinson's Disease TreatedParkinsonsPeople with Parkinson's2017
Parkinson's44
Clinical2
  • ANN NEUROL 2011;69:570-580 D iagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD) currently relies almost entirely on clinical acumen. (docme.ru)
  • Clinical and demographic factors were collected including Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale score and Hoehn and Yahr stage. (elsevier.com)
American Parkinson Disease Association1
Neurons1
Mutations1
  • EIF4G1 mutations implicate mRNA translation initiation in familial parkinsonism and highlight a convergent pathway for monogenic, toxin and perhaps virally-induced Parkinson disease. (elsevier.com)
Tremor1
Biomarkers3
Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale1
  • Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale significantly correlated with C7 SVA (r = 0.474). (elsevier.com)
Differential diagnosis1
Patients with Parkinson disease1
  • Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence of sagittal spinopelvic malalignment in a consecutive series of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to identify factors associated with sagittal spinopelvic deformity in this population. (elsevier.com)
Cerebrospinal fluid1
Lewy1
Severity2
Treatment1
Associated with Parkinson's disease5
James Parkinson14
Deep brain stimu10
Onset of Parkinson's disease3
Related to Parkinson's disease1
Tremors7
18171
National Parkinson Foundation4
Parkinsonism6
Person living with Parkinson's1
Dementia9
Rigidity3
Bachmann-Strauss Dystonia2
Stages of Parkinson's Disease2
  • To enroll, participants must be between 45-80 years old and have early to moderately advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, without significant memory problems. (emory.edu)
  • Patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease should be referred to a physical therapist who has experience with the disease for assessment, education, and advice for physical activity. (apta.org)
Treatment of Parkinson's disease4
Neurological10
Postural instability2
  • Postural instability is also a feature of PD but usually does not appear until later in the course of the disease. (uptodate.com)
  • Problems in maintaining balance [postural instability]- People with Parkinson s disease often develop a parkinsonian gait that includes a tendency to lean forward, taking small quick steps, as if hurrying forward, and reduced swinging of the arms. (medindia.net)
Affects11
Complications2
Neurodegenerative disorder6
Enfermedad1
Likely to get Parkinson's disease3
Risk of Parkinson disease2
  • Pezzoli G, Cereda E. Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease. (medscape.com)
  • Caffeine Intake, Smoking, and Risk of Parkinson Disease in Men and Women. (medscape.com)
100,000 people2
Patients56
Idiopathic1
  • But it's not thought that the spontaneous (idiopathic) form of the disease is because of a viral cause. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Role in Parkinson's disease2
Disorder17
Cause of Parkinson's disease2
Touched by Parkinson's disease1
Early onset Parkinson's disease2
Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease2
Progression of Parkinson's disease2
Symptom1
Clinical8
  • The First Tarbox Parkinson's Disease Symposium was devoted to both basic and clinical aspects of Parkinson's disease, with an emphasis on discussion of drug therapy. (springer.com)
  • Shares of micro cap biopharmaceutical company Anavex Life Sciences Corp. (NASDAQ: AVXL) traded up more than 28 percent on Thursday, following the announcement of promising preclinical data (from a Phase 2a clinical trial) for ANAVEX 2-73 in Parkinson's disease. (benzinga.com)
  • The purpose of clinical trials is to find new and improved methods of treating diseases and special conditions. (medicinenet.com)
  • Phase II clinical trials determine the effectiveness of the research treatment on the disease or condition being evaluated. (medicinenet.com)
  • VPS35 -related Parkinson disease ( VPS35 -PD) should be considered in individuals with the following clinical and imaging findings (characteristic of all forms of PD) and a family history of PD. (nih.gov)
  • Emory researchers are studying that question in a clinical trial sponsored by the Center for Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Neuro-degenerative Diseases. (emory.edu)
  • In Parkinson's Disease and Nonmotor Dysfunction, an outstanding panel of clinicians and scientists provides detailed clinical descriptions and treatment recommendations for these important, but often unrecognized, features of PD. (springer.com)
  • See 'Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease' . (uptodate.com)
American Academy o1
Degenerative disease2
Treatments12
Pathogenesis2
Depression3
Etiology1
Nervous system3
Delay the onset of disabling Parkinson1
Treat Parkinson's disease2
Causes Parkinson's disease1
Develop Parkinson's disease4
  • Participants who consumed one or more portions of berry fruits each week were around 25 per cent less likely to develop Parkinson's disease, relative to those who did not eat berry fruits. (redorbit.com)
  • If we were to follow 100,000 adults over time, in one year we would expect 1 to 2 people will develop Parkinson's disease before age 50," said Karen Curtin, Ph.D., associate professor in Internal Medicine at U of U Health and first author on the study. (infowars.com)
  • But when researchers analyzed the results for the two different types of vagotomy surgery, they found that people who had a truncal vagotomy at least five years earlier were less likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those who had not had the surgery and had been followed for at least five years. (newswise.com)
  • After adjusting for factors such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, arthritis and other conditions, researchers found that people who had a truncal vagotomy at least five years before were 40 percent less likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those who had not had the surgery and had been followed for at least five years. (newswise.com)
Parkinson's Disease Treated1
Parkinsons3
People with Parkinson's11
20171
Parkinson's Disease | Family Caregiver Alliance
Parkinson's Disease | Family Caregiver Alliance (caregiver.org)
What is Parkinson's Disease?
What is Parkinson's Disease? (lansingstatejournal.com)
Early Signs of Parkinson's Disease Might Be Seen in Colon
Early Signs of Parkinson's Disease Might Be Seen in Colon (livescience.com)
Parkinson's disease took his brother, now it's coming for him
Parkinson's disease took his brother, now it's coming for him (indystar.com)
Muhammad Ali is diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease in 1984 - Newspapers.com
Muhammad Ali is diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease in 1984 - Newspapers.com (newspapers.com)
CiteSeerX - Search Results - Intraoperative Decision Making with Rough Set Rules for STN DBS in Parkinson Disease
CiteSeerX - Search Results - Intraoperative Decision Making with Rough Set Rules for STN DBS in Parkinson Disease (citeseerx.ist.psu.edu)
Walkers raise money, awareness of Parkinson's disease at Guelph Superwalk | GuelphMercury.com
Walkers raise money, awareness of Parkinson's disease at Guelph Superwalk | GuelphMercury.com (guelphmercury.com)
Actor Billy Connolly treated for prostate cancer and early symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Actor Billy Connolly treated for prostate cancer and early symptoms of Parkinson's disease (guelphmercury.com)
Essential Tremor, Tremor Dominant Parkinson's Disease, Neuropathic Pain Treatment | INSIGHTEC
Essential Tremor, Tremor Dominant Parkinson's Disease, Neuropathic Pain Treatment | INSIGHTEC (insightec.com)
A major breakthrough in treating Parkinson's Disease cannot reach patients
A major breakthrough in treating Parkinson's Disease cannot reach patients (siberiantimes.com)
Rehabilitative Management of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and other Neurodegenerative Diseases - Education Resources
Rehabilitative Management of Patients with Parkinson's Disease and other Neurodegenerative Diseases - Education Resources (educationresourcesinc.com)
Betahistine : Betahistine canada, Betahistine parkinson disease
Betahistine : Betahistine canada, Betahistine parkinson disease (mydarndest.com)
Webinar: Parkinson's Disease Psychosis - Registration (outside of U.S. or Canada) - Davis Phinney Foundation
Webinar: Parkinson's Disease Psychosis - Registration (outside of U.S. or Canada) - Davis Phinney Foundation (davisphinneyfoundation.org)
Reproduction: Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) tropical plant used to help treat Parkinson's disease
Reproduction: Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) tropical plant used to help treat Parkinson's disease (bioweb.uwlax.edu)
Sound-system spots early Alzheimer's in brain waves | New Scientist
Sound-system spots early Alzheimer's in brain waves | New Scientist (newscientist.com)
Parkinson's disease - Wikipedia
Parkinson's disease - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Autophagy - Wikipedia
Autophagy - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Domperidone - Wikipedia
Domperidone - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Nilotinib - Wikipedia
Nilotinib - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Glutamate decarboxylase - Wikipedia
Glutamate decarboxylase - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
PRKN gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
PRKN gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/210714.php
Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/210714.php (medicalnewstoday.com)
Alzheimer's disease - Coffee and your health - Pictures - CBS News
Alzheimer's disease - Coffee and your health - Pictures - CBS News (cbsnews.com)
Parkinson's Disease | SpringerLink
Parkinson's Disease | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Book Series: International Review of Neurobiology
Book Series: International Review of Neurobiology (elsevier.com)