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Parathyroid HormoneParathyroid GlandsReceptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1Parathyroid NeoplasmsReceptors, Parathyroid HormoneParathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinHyperparathyroidismParathyroid DiseasesTeriparatideReceptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2ParathyroidectomyHyperparathyroidism, SecondaryHypercalcemiaHypocalcemiaHypoparathyroidismHormonesCalciumPhosphorusReceptors, Calcium-SensingPhosphatesHyperparathyroidism, PrimaryBone and BonesCalcitriolVitamin DCalcitoninPseudohypoparathyroidismThyroid HormonesAdenomaOsteoblastsFollicle Stimulating HormoneBone ResorptionUremiaBone DensityBone RemodelingLuteinizing HormoneVitamin D DeficiencyCalcifediolCyclic AMPRenal OsteodystrophyThyroidectomyOsteocalcinKidney Failure, ChronicErgocalciferolsAlkaline PhosphataseHydroxycholecalciferolsRenal DialysisDihydroxycholecalciferolsCalcium, DietaryGonadal Steroid HormonesGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneOpossumsPeptide FragmentsPhosphorus, DietaryHypophosphatemiaCholecalciferolCalcium CarbonateKidneyHuman Growth HormoneCalcium GluconateHyperplasiaRadioimmunoassayOsteoporosisBone Diseases, MetabolicReceptors, Thyroid HormoneNaphthalenesSodium-Phosphate Cotransporter ProteinsTechnetium Tc 99m SestamibiAdrenocorticotropic HormoneHyperphosphatemiaTime FactorsOsteogenesisSodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIaRNA, MessengerMineralsMagnesium DeficiencyBone DiseasesAdenylate CyclaseBiological Markers25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2Calcimimetic AgentsCattleImmunoradiometric AssayPituitary HormonesBone DevelopmentPeptide HormonesKidney Cortex25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-HydroxylaseOsteoclastsHormone Replacement TherapyProteinsReceptors, CalcitriolAlendronateFemurAnabolic AgentsOsteocytesBone Density Conservation AgentsCells, CulturedFibroblast Growth FactorsOsteosarcomaDose-Response Relationship, Drug
Parathyroid Hormone
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Parathyroid Glands
Two pairs of small oval-shaped glands located in the front and the base of the NECK and adjacent to the two lobes of THYROID GLAND. They secrete PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.
Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1
A parathyroid hormone receptor subtype that recognizes both PARATHYROID HORMONE and PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN. It is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed at high levels in BONE and in KIDNEY.
Parathyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.
Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone
Cell surface proteins that bind PARATHYROID HORMONE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Parathyroid hormone receptors on BONE; KIDNEY; and gastrointestinal cells mediate the hormone's role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activities that are similar to PARATHYROID HORMONE. It does not circulate in appreciable amounts in normal subjects, but rather exerts its biological actions locally. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells results in humoral calcemia of malignancy.
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.
Parathyroid Diseases
Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.
Teriparatide
A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 2
A parathyroid hormone receptor subtype found in the BRAIN and the PANCREAS. It is a G-protein-coupled receptor with a ligand specificity that varies between homologs from different species.
Parathyroidectomy
Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands.
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary
Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.
Hormones
Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Phosphorus
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that react to varying extracellular CALCIUM levels. Calcium-sensing receptors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS play an important role in the maintenance of calcium HOMEOSTASIS by regulating the release of PARATHYROID HORMONE. They differ from INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-SENSING PROTEINS which sense intracellular calcium levels.
Phosphates
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.
Bone and Bones
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Calcitriol
The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.
Vitamin D
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Calcitonin
A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.
Thyroid Hormones
Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs.
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Bone Resorption
Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.
Bone Density
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Bone Remodeling
The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)
Calcifediol
The major circulating metabolite of VITAMIN D3. It is produced in the LIVER and is the best indicator of the body's vitamin D stores. It is effective in the treatment of RICKETS and OSTEOMALACIA, both in azotemic and non-azotemic patients. Calcifediol also has mineralizing properties.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Renal Osteodystrophy
Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.
Thyroidectomy
Surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Osteocalcin
Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
Ergocalciferols
Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.
Alkaline Phosphatase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.
Hydroxycholecalciferols
Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.
Renal Dialysis
Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.
Dihydroxycholecalciferols
Cholecalciferols substituted with two hydroxy groups in any position.
Calcium, Dietary
Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Opossums
New World marsupials of the family Didelphidae. Opossums are omnivorous, largely nocturnal and arboreal MAMMALS, grow to about three feet in length, including the scaly prehensile tail, and have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried at birth.
Peptide Fragments
Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.
Phosphorus, Dietary
Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.
Cholecalciferol
Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.
Calcium Carbonate
Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Human Growth Hormone
A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.
Calcium Gluconate
The calcium salt of gluconic acid. The compound has a variety of uses, including its use as a calcium replenisher in hypocalcemic states.
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone
Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.
Naphthalenes
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins
A family of symporters that facilitate sodium-dependent membrane transport of phosphate.
Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).
Hyperphosphatemia
A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Osteogenesis
The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa
An electrogenic sodium-dependent phosphate transporter. It is present primarily in BRUSH BORDER membranes of PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Minerals
Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.
Adenylate Cyclase
An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2
9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Calcimimetic Agents
Small organic molecules that act as allosteric activators of the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the PARATHYROID GLANDS and other tissues. They lower the threshold for CaSR activation by extracellular calcium ions and diminish PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) release from parathyroid cells.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Immunoradiometric Assay
Form of radioimmunoassay in which excess specific labeled antibody is added directly to the test antigen being measured.
Pituitary Hormones
Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.
Bone Development
The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.
Peptide Hormones
Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.
Kidney Cortex
The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 1-alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (also known as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP27B1 gene, converts 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 which is the active form of VITAMIN D in regulating bone growth and calcium metabolism. This enzyme is also active on plant 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (ergocalciferol).
Osteoclasts
A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Receptors, Calcitriol
Proteins, usually found in the cytoplasm, that specifically bind calcitriol, migrate to the nucleus, and regulate transcription of specific segments of DNA with the participation of D receptor interacting proteins (called DRIP). Vitamin D is converted in the liver and kidney to calcitriol and ultimately acts through these receptors.
Alendronate
A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.
Femur
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
Anabolic Agents
These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
Osteocytes
Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
Bone Density Conservation Agents
Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Fibroblast Growth Factors
A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Magnesium
A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Triiodothyronine
A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.
Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II
A family of sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins with eight transmembrane domains. They are present primarily in the KIDNEY and SMALL INTESTINE and are responsible for renal and small intestinal epithelial transport of phosphate.
Thyroxine
The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
Estradiol
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Juvenile Hormones
Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.
Thyroid Gland
A highly vascularized endocrine gland consisting of two lobes joined by a thin band of tissue with one lobe on each side of the TRACHEA. It secretes THYROID HORMONES from the follicular cells and CALCITONIN from the parafollicular cells thereby regulating METABOLISM and CALCIUM level in blood, respectively.
Kidney Tubules, Proximal
The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
Syndromes resulting from inappropriate production of HORMONES or hormone-like materials by NEOPLASMS in non-endocrine tissues or not by the usual ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Such hormone outputs are called ectopic hormone (HORMONES, ECTOPIC) secretion.
Iodine Isotopes
Stable iodine atoms that have the same atomic number as the element iodine, but differ in atomic weight. I-127 is the only naturally occurring stable iodine isotope.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.
Hydroxyproline
A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
Kidney Tubules
Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.
Bone Demineralization, Pathologic
Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33)
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)
Homeostasis
The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.
Injections, Subcutaneous
Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
A peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of GROWTH HORMONE. GHRF (or GRF) is synthesized by neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, GHRF stimulates GH release by the SOMATOTROPHS in the PITUITARY GLAND.
Calcification, Physiologic
Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.
Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D
A heterogeneous-nuclear ribonucleoprotein that has specificity for AU-rich elements found in the 3'-region of mRNA and may play a role in RNA stability. Several isoforms of hnRNP D protein have been found to occur due to alternative mRNA splicing (RNA SPLICING).
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Dihydrotachysterol
A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Absorptiometry, Photon
A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.
Tibia
The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.
GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs
A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that activate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.
Ovariectomy
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
Pituitary Gland
A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.
Intraoperative Period
The period during a surgical operation.
Thyrotropin
A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Aniline Compounds
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.
Rickets
Disorders caused by interruption of BONE MINERALIZATION manifesting as OSTEOMALACIA in adults and characteristic deformities in infancy and childhood due to disturbances in normal BONE FORMATION. The mineralization process may be interrupted by disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis, resulting from dietary deficiencies, or acquired, or inherited metabolic, or hormonal disturbances.
Creatinine
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter
A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Hypothalamic Hormones
Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation.
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Aluminum
A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.
Kidney Tubules, Distal
The portion of renal tubule that begins from the enlarged segment of the ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. It reenters the KIDNEY CORTEX and forms the convoluted segments of the distal tubule.
Hypercalciuria
Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.
Hypophosphatemia, Familial
An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.
Osteoprotegerin
A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.
Prolactin
A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.
Diphosphonates
Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.
Immunoassay
A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Growth Plate
The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.
Choristoma
A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone
A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.
Estrogens
Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.
Osteosclerosis
An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.
Gonadal Hormones
Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.
X-Ray Microtomography
X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.
Tissue Extracts
Preparations made from animal tissues or organs (ANIMAL STRUCTURES). They usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active. Tissue extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta
High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRB gene (also known as NR1A2, THRB1, or ERBA2 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Mutations in the THRB gene cause THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE SYNDROME.
Vitamins
Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.
Methyclothiazide
A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.
Femur Neck
The constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters.
Calcium Isotopes
Stable calcium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element calcium, but differ in atomic weight. Ca-42-44, 46, and 48 are stable calcium isotopes.
Hydrocortisone
The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.
Calcium Channel Agonists
Agents that increase calcium influx into calcium channels of excitable tissues. This causes vasoconstriction in VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE and/or CARDIAC MUSCLE cells as well as stimulation of insulin release from pancreatic islets. Therefore, tissue-selective calcium agonists have the potential to combat cardiac failure and endocrinological disorders. They have been used primarily in experimental studies in cell and tissue culture.
RANK Ligand
A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation.
Pituitary Hormones, Anterior
Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include polypeptide, protein, and glycoprotein molecules.
Ilium
The largest of three bones that make up each half of the pelvic girdle.
Reference Values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Skull
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Nafarelin
A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Glomerular Filtration Rate
The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Collagen Type I
The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.
Colforsin
Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Bucladesine
A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Nephrectomy
Excision of kidney.
Gastrointestinal Hormones
HORMONES secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa that affect the timing or the quality of secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulate the motor activity of the digestive system organs.
Stimulation, Chemical
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Tetany
A disorder characterized by muscle twitches, cramps, and carpopedal spasm, and when severe, laryngospasm and seizures. This condition is associated with unstable depolarization of axonal membranes, primarily in the peripheral nervous system. Tetany usually results from HYPOCALCEMIA or reduced serum levels of MAGNESIUM that may be associated with HYPERVENTILATION; HYPOPARATHYROIDISM; RICKETS; UREMIA; or other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1490)

Bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone is strikingly diminished in collagenase-resistant mutant mice. (1/3417)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone resorption by acting directly on osteoblasts/stromal cells and then indirectly to increase differentiation and function of osteoclasts. PTH acting on osteoblasts/stromal cells increases collagenase gene transcription and synthesis. To assess the role of collagenase in the bone resorptive actions of PTH, we used mice homozygous (r/r) for a targeted mutation (r) in Col1a1 that are resistant to collagenase cleavage of type I collagen. Human PTH(1-34) was injected subcutaneously over the hemicalvariae in wild-type (+/+) or r/r mice four times daily for three days. Osteoclast numbers, the size of the bone marrow spaces and periosteal proliferation were increased in calvariae from PTH-treated +/+ mice, whereas in r/r mice, PTH-induced bone resorption responses were minimal. The r/r mice were not resistant to other skeletal effects of PTH because abundant interstitial collagenase mRNA was detected in the calvarial periosteum of PTH-treated, but not vehicle-treated, r/r and +/+ mice. Calcemic responses, 0.5-10 hours after intraperitoneal injection of PTH, were blunted in r/r mice versus +/+ mice. Thus, collagenase cleavage of type I collagen is necessary for PTH induction of osteoclastic bone resorption.  (+info)

Postoperative tetany in Graves disease: important role of vitamin D metabolites. (2/3417)

OBJECTIVE: To test the authors' hypothesis of the causal mechanism(s) of postoperative tetany in patients with Graves disease. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies by the authors suggested that postoperative tetany in patients with Graves disease occurs during the period of bone restoration and resulted from continuation of a calcium flux into bone concomitant with transient hypoparathyroidism induced by surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was carried out to investigate sequential changes in serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium and other electrolytes, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and bone metabolic markers in 109 consecutive patients with Graves disease who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. RESULTS: Preoperative serum iPTH levels negatively correlated with ionized calcium levels and positively correlated with 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25(OH)2D/25OHD. After the operation, there was a significant decline in levels of ionized calcium, magnesium, and iPTH. Serum iPTH was not detected in 15 patients after surgery. Four of these 15 patients, and 1 patient whose iPTH level was below normal, developed tetany. Preoperative serum ionized calcium levels were significantly lower, and iPTH levels were higher, in the 5 patients with tetany than in the 11 patients who did not develop tetany despite undetectable iPTH levels. The tetany group had significantly lower serum 25OHD levels and higher 1,25(OH)2D levels, and had increased 1,25(OH)2D/25OHD as an index of the renal 25OHD-1-hydroxylase activity than those in the nontetany group. These results suggest that patients with a high serum level of iPTH as a result of low serum calcium levels (secondary hyperparathyroidism) are susceptible to tetany under conditions of hypoparathyroid function after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative tetany occurs in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by a relative deficiency in calcium and vitamin D because of their increased demand for bone restoration after preoperative medical therapy concomitant with transient hypoparathyroidism after surgery. Calcium and vitamin D supplements may be recommended before and/or after surgery for patients in whom postoperative tetany is expected to develop.  (+info)

Megalin antagonizes activation of the parathyroid hormone receptor. (3/3417)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is predominantly cleared from the circulation by glomerular filtration and degradation in the renal proximal tubules. Here, we demonstrate that megalin, a multifunctional endocytic receptor in the proximal tubular epithelium, mediates the uptake and degradation of PTH. Megalin was purified from kidney membranes as the major PTH-binding protein and shown in BIAcore analysis to specifically bind full-length PTH and amino-terminal PTH fragments (Kd 0.5 microM). Absence of the receptor in megalin knockout mice resulted in 4-fold increased levels of amino-terminal PTH fragments in the urine. In F9 cells expressing both megalin and the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH/PTHrP receptor), uptake and lysosomal degradation of the hormone was mediated through megalin. Blocking megalin-mediated clearance of PTH resulted in 3-fold increased stimulation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor. These data provide evidence that megalin is involved in the renal catabolism of PTH and potentially antagonizes PTH/PTHrP receptor activity in the proximal tubular epithelium.  (+info)

22-oxacalcitriol suppresses secondary hyperparathyroidism without inducing low bone turnover in dogs with renal failure. (4/3417)

BACKGROUND: Calcitriol therapy suppresses serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with renal failure but has several drawbacks, including hypercalcemia and/or marked suppression of bone turnover, which may lead to adynamic bone disease. A new vitamin D analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), has been shown to have promising characteristics. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of OCT on serum PTH levels and bone turnover in states of normal or impaired renal function. METHODS: Sixty dogs were either nephrectomized (Nx, N = 38) or sham-operated (Sham, N = 22). The animals received supplemental phosphate to enhance PTH secretion. Fourteen weeks after the start of phosphate supplementation, half of the Nx and Sham dogs received doses of OCT (three times per week); the other half were given vehicle for 60 weeks. Thereafter, the treatment modalities for a subset of animals were crossed over for an additional eight months. Biochemical and hormonal indices of calcium and bone metabolism were measured throughout the study, and bone biopsies were done at baseline, 60 weeks after OCT or vehicle treatment, and at the end of the crossover period. RESULTS: In Nx dogs, OCT significantly decreased serum PTH levels soon after the induction of renal insufficiency. In long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism, OCT (0.03 microg/kg) stabilized serum PTH levels during the first months. Serum PTH levels rose thereafter, but the rise was less pronounced compared with baseline than the rise seen in Nx control. These effects were accompanied by episodes of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. In animals with normal renal function, OCT induced a transient decrease in serum PTH levels at a dose of 0.1 microg/kg, which was not sustained with lowering of the doses. In Nx dogs, OCT reversed abnormal bone formation, such as woven osteoid and fibrosis, but did not significantly alter the level of bone turnover. In addition, OCT improved mineralization lag time, (that is, the rate at which osteoid mineralizes) in both Nx and Sham dogs. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that even though OCT does not completely prevent the occurrence of hypercalcemia in experimental dogs with renal insufficiency, it may be of use in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism because it does not induce low bone turnover and, therefore, does not increase the risk of adynamic bone disease.  (+info)

The structure of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution. (5/3417)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Under normal physiological conditions, parathyroid hormone-related protein is produced in a wide variety of tissues and acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Parathyroid hormone-related protein and parathyroid hormone bind to and activate the same G-protein-coupled receptor. Here we present the structure of the biologically active NH2-terminal domain of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution in the absence of crowding reagents as determined by two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An improved strategy for structure calculation revealed the presence of two helices, His-5-Leu-8 and Gln-16-Leu-27, connected by a flexible linker. The parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) structure and the structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-37) as well as human parathyroid hormone(1-34) are highly similar, except for the well defined turn, His-14-Ser-17, present in parathyroid hormone. Thus, the similarity of the binding affinities of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein to their common receptor may be based on their structural similarity.  (+info)

Calcium absorption and kinetics are similar in 7- and 8-year-old Mexican-American and Caucasian girls despite hormonal differences. (6/3417)

To assess the possibility of ethnic differences in mineral metabolism in prepubertal children, we compared measures of calcium metabolism in 7- and 8-y-old Mexican-American (MA) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (CAU) girls (n = 38) living in southeastern Texas. We found similar fractional calcium absorption, urinary calcium excretion, calcium kinetic values and total-body bone mineral content in the MA and CAU girls. In contrast, parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were greater in MA girls (4.01 +/- 0.47 vs. 1. 96 +/- 0.50 pmol/L, P = 0.005) than in CAU girls. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were lower in MA girls (68.9 +/- 7.7 vs. 109.4 +/- 8.4 nmol/L, P = 0.001) than in CAU girls, but 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations did not differ between groups. Seasonal variability was seen for 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in girls of both ethnic groups, but values in all of the girls were >30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL). We conclude the following: 1) greater PTH levels in MA girls than CAU girls are present without evidence of vitamin D deficiency; and 2) differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations between MA and CAU girls do not have a large effect on calcium absorption, excretion or bone calcium kinetics. These data do not provide evidence for adjusting dietary recommendations for mineral or vitamin D intake by MA girls.  (+info)

Pregnancy decreases immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level in rats with chronic renal failure. (7/3417)

Normal pregnancy is associated with an increase in serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). The effect of pregnancy on these hormones in chronic renal failure (CRF) is unknown. The present work was undertaken to study the changes of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitriol in pregnant rats with CRF. The following experimental groups were studied: CRF1 (5/6 nephrectomized virgin female rats), CRF2 (5/6 nephrectomized pregnant rats at day 20-21 of pregnancy), CRF3 (5/6 nephrectomized rats 2 weeks after delivery) and their respective sham-operated control groups: N1, N2 and N3. The 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF1) resulted in renal failure with very high serum iPTH (100+/-18 pg/ml) and low calcitriol levels (10.6+/-4.3 pg/ml) compared with normal rats [N1: 14+/-2.5 pg/ml (P<0.001) and 18.2+/-4.2 pg/ml (P<0.01) respectively]. The pregnancy in CRF rats (CRF2) resulted in normalization of serum iPTH levels (18.2+/-5.41 pg/ml), which was associated with a parallel increase in serum calcitriol (29.4+/-8.0 pg/ml) similar to that in pregnancy of normal rats (N2). Two weeks after delivery the CRF rats (CRF3) once again had high serum iPTH (87+/-17 pg/ml) and low calcitriol levels (9.3+/-1.2 pg/ml), similar to those observed in non-pregnant uraemic rats (CRF1). It is concluded that pregnancy decreases serum iPTH in 5/6 nephrectomized CRF rats most probably by the increased level of calcitriol synthesized by the feto-placental unit.  (+info)

Acute fasting diminishes the circadian rhythm of biochemical markers of bone resorption. (8/3417)

OBJECTIVE: Biochemical markers of bone turnover exhibit circadian rhythms with the peak during the night/early morning and the nadir in the late afternoon. The nocturnal increase in bone resorption could theoretically be caused by the absence of food consumption which brings about a decrease in net calcium absorption and an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), followed by increased bone resorption in response to the body's demand for calcium. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of a 33-h fast on the circadian variation in biochemical markers of bone turnover. DESIGN: Eleven healthy premenopausal women (age: 24+/-5 years) participated in a randomised, cross-over study consisting of two periods: either 33h of fasting (fasting) followed 1 week later by a 33-h period with regular meals eaten at 0800-0830h, 1130-1230h and 1800-1900h (control) or vice versa. METHODS: Urinary CrossLaps (U-CL/Cr) corrected with creatinine, as a marker of bone resorption; serum osteocalcin (sOC) as a marker of bone formation; serum intact PTH (iPTH); serum phosphate; and serum calcium corrected with albumin. RESULTS: Both the fasting and the control periods showed a significant circadian rhythm in U-CL/Cr (P<0.001), but the decrease was significantly less pronounced in the morning hours during the fasting period. Fasting resulted in a significant decrease in serum iPTH (throughout the study period) as compared with the control period (P<0.05-0.001). No change was observed in sOC by fasting. CONCLUSION: Food consumption has a small influence on the circadian variation in bone resorption, independent of PTH. The fall in iPTH during fasting may be secondary to an increased bone resorption produced by fasting.  (+info)

TOP: Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (ALX1-11) on Fracture Incidence in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - Full...TOP: Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (ALX1-11) on Fracture Incidence in Women With Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - Full...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a polypeptide consisting of 84 amino acids that is synthesized and secreted by the parathyroid glands, is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis through concerted action on kidney, intestine and bone. Parathyroid hormone exerts its action on bone to release calcium into the extracellular fluid as a process of bone remodeling and also to maintain the serum calcium concentration, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In some circumstances, PTH may exert an anabolic action on bone and can stimulate osteoblast proliferation and mature osteoblast function. The net effect of exogenous PTH administration on bone turnover depends on the pattern of delivery. A continuous long-term infusion gives a net decrease in trabecular bone volume, whereas daily single injections result in a net increase.. NPS Allelix Corp. is developing ALX1-11, recombinant human parathyroid hormone (1-84), for the treatment of osteoporosis. ALX1-11 is identical to the endogenous intact ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00172081?term=Porencephaly&rank=17
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Treatment Increases Callus Formation and Mechanical Strength of Healing Rat Fractures -...Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Treatment Increases Callus Formation and Mechanical Strength of Healing Rat Fractures -...
The healing of fractures in intact rats after PTH administration has not been studied before. However, PTH treatment has been used in two studies on the healing of fractures in rats with pathologic bone metabolism and delayed fracture healing.25, 26 Kim et al.20 used ovariectomized rats and showed that the decreased mechanical strength seen in fractures after 28 days of healing could be partly prevented by giving the animals 175 μg of PTH(1-84)/kg/day. This dose corresponds with the 60 μg of PTH(1-34)/kg/day used in our experiment (18 nmol and 15 nmol, respectively), and equal molar of PTH(1-84) and PTH(1-34) induces equal anabolic bone effects when given to rats in the dose-range 1.1-30 nmol.7, 15 Fukuhara and Mizuno19 studied parathyroidectomized rats with and without PTH administration during the first 5 weeks of healing. Applying histologic techniques, they found that PTH administration enhanced both bone formation and resorption in the early stage of healing, whereas bone resorption was ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.6.960/full
Effect of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Administration on the Microstructure of Jaw Bone in the Ovariectomized Rats | Korea...Effect of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Administration on the Microstructure of Jaw Bone in the Ovariectomized Rats | Korea...
Effect of Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone Administration on the Microstructure of Jaw Bone in the Ovariectomized Rats - Bone density;Osteoporosis;Ovariectomy;Parathyroid hormone;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=COHHB6_2015_v8n2_65
RCSB PDB - 1HPY: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE FRAGMENT 1-34 IN 20% TRIFLUORETHANOL, NMR, 10...RCSB PDB - 1HPY: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE FRAGMENT 1-34 IN 20% TRIFLUORETHANOL, NMR, 10...
1HPY: Solution structures of human parathyroid hormone fragments hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-39) and bovine parathyroid hormone fragment bPTH(1-37).
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1HPY
Safety and Efficacy of Paricalcitol Capsules in Decreasing Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Children Aged 10-16 With Chronic...Safety and Efficacy of Paricalcitol Capsules in Decreasing Serum Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Children Aged 10-16 With Chronic...
Part 1: To determine the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 3 μg paricalcitol capsules in children ages 10 to 16 years with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (CKD Stages 3 and 4).. Part 2: To determine the safety and efficacy of paricalcitol capsules as compared to placebo in decreasing serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in children ages 10 to 16 years with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease with an initial 12 weeks of double-blinded study drug followed by a minimum of 12 weeks of open-label active drug. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01020487
Parathyroid hormone: Sequence, synthesis, immunoassay studies<...Parathyroid hormone: Sequence, synthesis, immunoassay studies<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Parathyroid hormone. T2 - Sequence, synthesis, immunoassay studies. AU - Potts, J. T.. AU - Murray, T. M.. AU - Peacock, M.. AU - Niall, H. D.. AU - Tregear, G. W.. AU - Keutmann, H. T.. AU - Powell, D.. AU - Deftos, L. J.. PY - 1971/5. Y1 - 1971/5. N2 - The determination of the primary structure of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) has enabled us to carry out the synthesis of the first N-terminal 34 amino acids of the molecule. This synthetic fragment has both phosphaturic and hypercalcemic activity, confirming that the biologic actions of PTH are expressed by a short sequence of the native 84 amino acid sequence. Serum immunoreactive PTH of patients with surgically proved parathyroid adenomas decreases with induced hypercalcemia and increases in response to hypocalcemia caused by EDTA infusions. These findings challenge the concept of parathyroid adenoma autonomy. Further studies of selective venous catheterization and immunoassay of serum samples obtained from various sites ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/parathyroid-hormone-sequence-synthesis-immunoassay-studies
Paricalcitol Versus Cinacalcet in Lowering Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease | Kidney NewsParicalcitol Versus Cinacalcet in Lowering Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease | Kidney News
Paricalcitol allowed the achievement of target parathyroid hormone levels better than cinacalcet in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both a vitamin D receptor activator such as paricalcitol and a calcimimetic such as cinacalcet effectively treat SHPT, which is characterized by elevated serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Elevated iPTH levels can lead to skeletal and cardiovascular complications.
http://www.kidneynews.org/kidney-news/research-advances/paricalcitol-versus-cinacalcet-in-lowering-parathyroid-hormone-levels-in-chronic-kidney-disease
The Association between Depression and Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Adolescents - Mashhad University of Medical...The Association between Depression and Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Adolescents - Mashhad University of Medical...
Background Depression, a challenging disorder, affects 1-6 of adolescents and early onset often predicts more serious manifestations in later life. Elevated Parathyroid hormone (PTH), parathormone levels have reported among adults with depression. In this study, the roles of 25(OH) D (vitamin D) and parathormone during adolescence, in which the frequency of depression is high, were studied. Materials and Methods Patients who were followed-up jointly at both clinics and whose 25(OH) D and PTH levels were evaluated and questioned. ...
http://eprints.mums.ac.ir/6057/
US7497855B2 - Method and device for the controlled delivery of parathyroid hormone - Google PatentsUS7497855B2 - Method and device for the controlled delivery of parathyroid hormone - Google Patents
Method and devices are provided for extended and controlled delivery of parathyroid hormone to a patient. The method includes implanting a medical device into the patient, the medical device comprising a substrate, a plurality of reservoirs in the substrate, a release system contained in each of the reservoirs, wherein the release system comprises parathyroid hormone; and controllably releasing a pharmaceutically effective amount of the parathyroid hormone from the reservoirs. The parathyroid hormone can be released intermittently, such as once daily over an extended period (e.g., two months, ten months, or more.). The device can further include reservoirs containing a bone resorption inhibitor or other drug for release. The devices are useful in delivering PTH for the treatment and prevention of bone loss, such as associated with osteoporosis.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7497855?oq=6702462
Fluoride Therapy and Parathyroid Hormone Activity in Osteoporosis | Clinical ScienceFluoride Therapy and Parathyroid Hormone Activity in Osteoporosis | Clinical Science
1. To determine the relationships between parathyroid hormone activity and long-term sodium fluoride therapy in osteoporosis, cytochemical bioassays (for biologically active parathyroid hormone) were performed in 22 osteoporotic control patients and in 18 patients after 15 ± 10 months of treatment (60 mg of sodium fluoride daily). Ten patients were studied longitudinally by repeated metabolic balances and were therefore common to both groups. All patients were receiving mineral supplements.. 2. Cross-sectional data showed a fourfold mean increase in biologically active parathyroid hormone on fluoride treatment (P , 0.005) together with a 51% increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (P , 0.005). Longitudinal data showed, in addition, a significant increase in the calcium balance of 2.4 ± 1.2 (sem) mmol daily (P , 0.05) and the development of a positive phosphorus balance (P , 0.02).. 3. Fluoride-treated patients were then analysed in two groups according to the level of biologically active ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/79/3/233
Calcium-dependent intracellular degradation of parathyroid hormone: A possible mechanism for the regulation of hormone stores<...Calcium-dependent intracellular degradation of parathyroid hormone: A possible mechanism for the regulation of hormone stores<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Calcium-dependent intracellular degradation of parathyroid hormone. T2 - A possible mechanism for the regulation of hormone stores. AU - Habener, Joel F.. AU - Kemper, Byron. AU - Potts, John T.. PY - 1975/8. Y1 - 1975/8. N2 - The dynamics of parathyroid hormone (PTH) biosynthesis, storage, and secretion in bovine parathyroid slices in vitro in response to alterations in the concentrations of extracellular calcium were studied. Hormone biosynthesis was evaluated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to measure incorporation of [3H]leucine into newly synthesized PTH and proparathyroid hormone (ProPTH) during short (35 min) incubations. Amounts of newly synthesized PTH stored in and secreted from the tissue slices were determined by electrophoretic analysis of [3H]PTH in extracts of tissue and media. Total PTH and ProPTH is slices and media were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. PTH secretion rates changed 5-fold when calcium was lowered from 2 mM to 1 mM. Secretion of ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/calcium-dependent-intracellular-degradation-of-parathyroid-hormon
ForskningsprosjekterForskningsprosjekter
Preliminary results from the department of Old Age Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, support a high prevalence of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism because of low vitamin D in the elderly. Normalisation of plasma parathyroid hormone levels after treatment with Vitamin D was associated with an improvement of psychiatric symptoms in some cases. Low vitamin D status resulting in inadequate calcium absorption is highly prevalent in both genders universally (30-80%). One major health related outcome is a high frequency of osteoporosis in Norway, which leads to a high incidence of fractures. Another effect of deficient vitamin D and low dietary Calcium is an up-regulation of parathyroid hormone, resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Parathyroid hormone receptors 2(PTH2R) are expressed in the brain in locations involved in regulation of fear, anxiety, release of pituitary hormones and nociception. A deranged Calcium metabolism appears to be associated with impaired neuropsychological ...
https://forskningsprosjekter.ihelse.net/prosjekt/911681
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone - Things You Didnt KnowHypersecretion of parathyroid hormone - Things You Didnt Know
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone - Ionized Calcium 4.65, PTH 133, Calcium 10.3, Vitamin D 7, Phosphorus 4.9, recurrent Kidney stones. Thyroid lobe, two parathyroids removed in 2004. Uncertain. These test results dont add up to a straight forward answer. However, I would be concerned about the possibility of recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. You should take Vit D to eliminate Vit D deficiency as a cause for high PTH levels. Once this is done, if you still have high PTH with high calcium levels, you have recurrent primary HPTH and will need surgery again.
https://www.healthtap.com/topics/hypersecretion-of-parathyroid-hormone
The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone affects functional recovery from trochanteric fractured neck of femur: a...The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone affects functional recovery from trochanteric fractured neck of femur: a...
We wished to assess the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial of parathyroid hormone (PTH) supplements to aid healing of trochanteric fractures of the hip, by an open label prospective feasibility and pilot study with a nested qualitative sub study. This aimed to inform the design of a future powered study comparing the functional recovery after trochanteric hip fracture in patients undergoing standard care, versus those who undergo administration of subcutaneous injection of PTH for six weeks.We undertook a pilot study comparing the functional recovery after trochanteric hip fracture in patients 60 years or older, admitted with a trochanteric hip fracture, and potentially eligible to be randomised to either standard care or the administration of subcutaneous PTH for six weeks. Our desired outcomes were functional testing and measures to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the study.A total of 724 patients were screened, of whom 143 (20%) were eligible for recruitment. Of these,
https://www.clahrc-oxford.nihr.ac.uk/publications/625229
The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone affects functional recovery from trochanteric fractured neck of femur: a...The administration of intermittent parathyroid hormone affects functional recovery from trochanteric fractured neck of femur: a...
AIMS: We wished to assess the feasibility of a future randomised controlled trial of parathyroid hormone (PTH) supplements to aid healing of trochanteric fractures of the hip, by an open label prospective feasibility and pilot study with a nested qualitative sub study. This aimed to inform the design of a future powered study comparing the functional recovery after trochanteric hip fracture in patients undergoing standard care, versus those who undergo administration of subcutaneous injection of PTH for six weeks. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We undertook a pilot study comparing the functional recovery after trochanteric hip fracture in patients 60 years or older, admitted with a trochanteric hip fracture, and potentially eligible to be randomised to either standard care or the administration of subcutaneous PTH for six weeks. Our desired outcomes were functional testing and measures to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the study. RESULTS: A total of 724 patients were screened, of whom 143 (20%) were
https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/625229/
Defining optimal vitamin D cut-off levels : the role of parathyroid hormone concentrations - Kingston University Research...Defining optimal vitamin D cut-off levels : the role of parathyroid hormone concentrations - Kingston University Research...
Karras, Spyridon N., Grant, William B., Naughton, Declan P. and Kotsa, Kalliopi (2016) Defining optimal vitamin D cut-off levels : the role of parathyroid hormone concentrations. Hormones, 15(4), pp. 1-3. ISSN (print) 1109-3099 ...
https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/37466/
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death | HypertensionVitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death | Hypertension
In this community-based study of ambulatory older adults without known cardiovascular disease, the combination of low vitamin D and high PTH concentrations identified a group of participants at a 2.5-fold risk for SCD compared with the group with normal levels of both markers. As individual risk factors, neither low vitamin D nor high PTH concentrations were associated with SCD events. These findings thus validate only part of our original hypothesis describing a link between the mineral metabolism pathway and SCD.. Participants with both low vitamin D and high PTH concentrations may have a greater degree of mineral metabolism dysregulation and a greater risk for SCD. Because these hormones are interrelated and represent markers of the same pathway, we had hypothesized that a simultaneous assessment may identify a higher-risk subgroup at risk for SCD. This combined abnormality likely identifies a subset of participants with decreased vitamin D substrate and inadequate stimulation of the vitamin ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/58/6/1021
Endogenous parathyroid hormone is associated with reduced cartilage vo by Sharon L. Brennan, Flavia M. Cicuttini et al.Endogenous parathyroid hormone is associated with reduced cartilage vo by Sharon L. Brennan, Flavia M. Cicuttini et al.
Objectives: Animal and in vitro studies suggest that parathyroid hormone (PTH) may affect articular cartilage. However, little is known of the relationship between PTH and human joints in vivo. Design: Longitudinal. Setting: Barwon Statistical Division, Victoria, Australia. Participants: 101 asymptomatic women aged 35-49 years (2007-2009) and without clinical knee osteoarthritis, selected from the population-based Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Risk factors: Blood samples obtained 10 years before (1994-1997) and stored at −80°C for random batch analyses. Serum intact PTH was quantified by chemiluminescent enzyme assay. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was assayed using equilibrium radioimmunoassay. Models were adjusted for age, bone area and body mass index; further adjustment was made for 25(OH)D and calcium supplementation. Outcome: Knee cartilage volume, measured by MRI. Results: A higher lnPTH was associated with reduced medial-but not lateral-cartilage volume (regression coefficient±SD, p value
http://researchbank.acu.edu.au/fhs_pub/4885/
Parathyroid Hormone Radioimmunoassay | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of PhysiciansParathyroid Hormone Radioimmunoassay | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
The study by Raisz and colleagues reported in this issue (1), although based on a small number of samples, illustrates both the assets and limitations of commercially available radioimmunoassays for immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). When the same samples from 15 patients with surgically proven hyperparathyroidism were analyzed, good agreement was found among three of the four participating laboratories. A positive correlation between serum calcium and iPTH was seen in two of the four laboratories and is reported to be present in a third when more samples are analyzed (2). The values obtained for plasma iPTH in 14 hypercalcemic patients with ...
http://annals.org/aim/article/693514/parathyroid-hormone-radioimmunoassay
What tests measure parathyroid hormone levels? | Zocdoc AnswersWhat tests measure parathyroid hormone levels? | Zocdoc Answers
Parathyroid hormone is hormone substance released by your parathyroid glands. It functions in the regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus balance in the
https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/7589/what-tests-measure-parathyroid-hormone-levels
dreddyclinic.com - Hyperthyroidismdreddyclinic.com - Hyperthyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism - The parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphorus levels by releasing variable amounts of parathyroid hormone, which raises serum calcium levels while lowering serum phosphorus. Under usual conditions, the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is inversely proportional to the serum calcium level. Secretion of PTH is mainly controlled through the interaction of calcium with specific calcium-sensing receptors on the membrane of parathyroid cells.Hyperparathyroidism is a syndrome of hypercalcemia resulting from excessive release of parathyroid hormone.
http://www.dreddyclinic.com/findinformation/hh/hyperthyroidism.php
Parathyroid hormone 1.61mg inj cartridges | LloydsPharmacyParathyroid hormone 1.61mg inj cartridges | LloydsPharmacy
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http://www.lloydspharmacy.com/en/parathyroid-hormone-161mg-inj-cartridges
Discordant calcium and parathyroid hormone with presumed epileptic seizuresDiscordant calcium and parathyroid hormone with presumed epileptic seizures
A 33-year-old woman presented for the first time at the age of 9 years with recurrent seizures and was subsequently treated for epilepsy for 2 years. At 11 years of age, it was noted that the patient had hypocalcemia with an increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) measured with use of an intact PTH assay. Serum calcium was 5.73 mg/dL [1.43 mmol/L; reference interval (RI) 8.82-10.42 mg/dL (2.2-2.6 mmol/L)]; serum phosphate was 10.42 mg/dL [3.36 mmol/L; RI 1.86-4.34 mg/dL (0.6 -1.4 mmol/L)]; and PTH was 319.68 pg/mL [33.9 pmol/L; RI 8.49-68.84 pg/mL (0.9 -7.3 mmol/ L)]. Vitamin D (Total 25-OH; 25-OH D2 and D3) concentrations, magnesium concentrations, liver and renal function tests were all normal. No other endocrine abnormalities such as thyroid or gonadotropin resistance were detected. The patient also was of short stature and was overweight. However, she became overweight after the age of 13 years (body mass index at 13 years was 22.8 kg/m2), and the short stature was not significant, as she was at ...
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/66544
Plus itPlus it
We thank Hjelmesæth et al. (1) for their comments on our recent publication (2). It would be ideal to evaluate the effects of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] simultaneously on metabolic syndrome; however, with limited plasma samples, neither PTH nor calcium could be measured in our study. Nonetheless, besides reporting that PTH level was associated with metabolic syndrome only in older men but not in older women or young participants, Reis et al. (3) also reported that the association between 25(OH)D level and metabolic syndrome was independent to PTH levels and calcium intake. It is true that PTH but not 25(OH)D was associated with metabolic syndrome in the Rancho Bernardo cohort (4), but the mean 25(OH)D concentration in this population was remarkably higher (108.9 nmol/l) than that in other study populations in which vitamin D deficiency commonly occurred among participants. Moreover, although controlling for PTH, calcium, and IGF-1 only yielded a ...
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/33/1/e14
Parathyroid hormone and fracture healingParathyroid hormone and fracture healing
This annotation describes some early rat studies which conclude that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has more dramatic stimulatory effects on bone repair than on untraumatized bone. It also suggests, based on the effects of PTH on osteoblasts, that it is more likely to accelerate normal fracture healing than to prevent nonunion. The only 2 controlled clinical trials that have been published are critically discussed. Although both are encouraging and appear to show acceleration of normal fracture healing, they have methodological shortcomings that preclude definitive conclusions.. ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A612419&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Parathyroid hormone - WikipediaParathyroid hormone - Wikipedia
Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on bone, kidney, and the intestine:[5]. In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones.[16] Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL and inhibits their secretion of Osteoprotegerin (OPG). Free OPG competitively binds to RANKL as a decoy receptor, preventing RANKL from interacting with RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK (facilitated by the decreased amount of OPG available for binding the excess RANKL) stimulates these osteoclast precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts, which ultimately enhances bone resorption. Another mechanism to regulate this pathways as PTH does is by estrogen. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone
Parathyroid hormone - wikidocParathyroid hormone - wikidoc
Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on bone, kidney, and the intestine:[12] In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones.[13] Bone resorption is the normal destruction of bone by osteoclasts, which are indirectly stimulated by PTH. Stimulation is indirect since osteoclasts do not have a receptor for PTH; rather, PTH binds to osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating bone. Binding stimulates osteoblasts to increase their expression of RANKL and inhibits their secretion of Osteoprotegerin (OPG). Free OPG competitively binds to RANKL as a decoy receptor, preventing RANKL from interacting with RANK, a receptor for RANKL. The binding of RANKL to RANK (facilitated by the decreased amount of OPG available for binding the excess RANKL) stimulates these osteoclast precursors to fuse, forming new osteoclasts, which ultimately enhances bone resorption. Another mechanism to regulate this pathways as PTH does is by estrogen. ...
https://wikidoc.org/index.php/Parathyroid_hormone
high calcium cancer prognosishigh calcium cancer prognosis
Lung cancer and breast cancer, as well as some blood cancers, can increase your risk of hypercalcemia. Thus the diagnosis often depends on the clinical picture (very high parathyroid hormone levels, and very high serum calcium levels). The outcome depends on five well-established prognostic factors that make up the International Prognostic Index (IPI). What is the outlook? Parathyroid cancer is often hard for the pathologist to diagnose under the microscope. SEER estimates that in 2018, therell be 30,280 new cases and 12,590 deaths. ... high levels of calcium in the blood. To further assess the potential clinical value of Capn4 expression for the prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and log-rank tests were performed to predict OS and PFS in 113 ovarian cancer patients. This can cause nerve damage that may lead to paralysis if not treated. Tumors confined to the kidney have a better prognosis than tumors that have spread outside the kidney. Parathyroid ...
http://realpeopledance.com/abbvie-inc-ela/viewtopic.php?page=high-calcium-cancer-prognosis-20453e
pth normal range uk - 28 images - calcium phosphate test nkf kdoqi guidelines ppt calcium homeostasis parathyroid hormone,...pth normal range uk - 28 images - calcium phosphate test nkf kdoqi guidelines ppt calcium homeostasis parathyroid hormone,...
pth normal range uk - 28 images - patent wo2009091556a2 diagnostic methods and kits using fibroblast growth factor 23, caffeine calcium and the thyroid thyroid disease information rachael edwards, the 25 best lithium toxicity ideas on lithium medication lithium for bipolar and, clinical biochemistry disorders of calcium metabolism 183 storify, patent us7541140 assessing risk for kidney stones using parathyroid hormone agonist and
https://hurstbournebusiness.com/pth-normal-range-uk.html
High, Low Values of CKD-MBD Markers Linked With Mortality - Renal and Urology NewsHigh, Low Values of CKD-MBD Markers Linked With Mortality - Renal and Urology News
In a study, intact parathyroid hormone levels below 60 and above 1500 pg/mL were associated with nearly double the risk of all-cause mortality.
http://www.renalandurologynews.com/secondary-hyperparathyroidism/shpt-high-low-parathyroid-hormone-linked-death/article/711688/
Gene expression profiles and transcription factors involved in parathyroid hormone signaling in osteoblastic cells - NYU...Gene expression profiles and transcription factors involved in parathyroid hormone signaling in osteoblastic cells - NYU...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Gene expression profiles and transcription factors involved in parathyroid hormone signaling in osteoblastic cells. AU - Qin, L.. AU - Qiu, P.. AU - Partridge, Nicola. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. M3 - Chapter (peer-reviewed). SP - 25. EP - 39. BT - Genomics in endocrinology. A2 - Handwerger, S.. A2 - Aronow, B.J.. PB - Humana Press. CY - Totowa. ER - ...
https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/gene-expression-profiles-and-transcription-factors-involved-in-pa-2/
What are the effects of a high parathyroid level? | Reference.comWhat are the effects of a high parathyroid level? | Reference.com
Effects of a high parathyroid may include several complications, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney stones, osteoporosis and a neonatal hypoparathyroidism. It may also lead to high blood...
https://www.reference.com/health/effects-high-parathyroid-level-d2803b4a4d30765b
Parathyroid hormone independently predicts fracture, vascular events, and death in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney...Parathyroid hormone independently predicts fracture, vascular events, and death in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney...
Parathyroid hormone independently predicts fracture, vascular events, and death in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease.
https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1395611
hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone | Answers from Doctors | HealthTaphypersecretion of parathyroid hormone | Answers from Doctors | HealthTap
What does hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone result in? Answered by Dr. Peter Mowschenson: High blood calcium: Too much PTH causes the blood calcium to rise to h...
https://www.healthtap.com/q/hypersecretion-of-parathyroid-hormone/
Pain in the joints or neck affected after parathyroid hormone is going from the business?Pain in the joints or neck affected after parathyroid hormone is going from the business?
So, Parathyroid hormone excess can be as recommended as 1 st line drug addict for enteric upper right abdominal or stomach pain. Beta blockers like Rucaparib and metaprolol reduce metabolic rate and slow utilization regardless of nutrients, thus resulting in hip bone pain.
https://beantowneats.com/pruritus-supportive-parathyroid-hormone-patient-information-treatment-of-pruritus/
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Re : Severn Biotech, LimitedParathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Re : Severn Biotech, Limited
Severn Biotech, Limited : Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Re - Electrophoresis Products PBS & Saline Solutions Hybridisation Reagents Biological Buffers & SDS Sodium Azide Solutions General Bio-chemical Products Fingerprinting Chemical Product Forensic Dyes & Chemicals HPLC Laboratory Solvents DNA / RNA Extraction Specialist Pure Water Products Protein Linker Conjugates Peptide Synthesis Reagents Alcohol Sprays Hand Sanitiser Products Customised Services Comet Assay Products Protein Antibody Reagents Scientific Plastics Catalogue Peptides Affinity Purification Materials Cytology Screening Antibodies Specials severn, biotech
http://www.severnbiotech.com/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=109_166
Regulation of rat renal Na/Pi-cotransporter by parathyroid hormone: immunohistochemistry. - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveRegulation of rat renal Na/Pi-cotransporter by parathyroid hormone: immunohistochemistry. - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
Lötscher, M; Kaissling, B; Biber, J; Murer, H; Kempson, S A; Levi, M (1996). Regulation of rat renal Na/Pi-cotransporter by parathyroid hormone: immunohistochemistry. Kidney International, 49(4):1010-1011. ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/1348/
இணைகேடய இயக்குநீர் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாஇணைகேடய இயக்குநீர் - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
இணைகேடய இயக்குநீர் [Parathyroid hormone (PTH)], இணைகேடய சுரப்பியின் முதன்மை உயிரணுக்களால் 84 அமினோ அமிலங்களைக் கொண்ட பல்புரதக் கூறாகச் சுரக்கப்படுகின்றது. இது, இரத்த கால்சிய (Ca2+) செறிவை அதிகரிக்கின்றது. ஆனால், தைராய்டு சுரப்பியின் பக்க நுண்குமிழ் உயிரணுக்களால் உருவாக்கப்படும் கால்சிடோனின் கால்சிய (Ca2+) செறிவைக் குறைக்கின்றது. இணைகேடய இயக்குநீர் முதல் ஏற்பி (parathyroid hormone 1 receptor; எலும்பு மற்றும் ...
https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D
parathyroid hormoneparathyroid hormone
Genomes and Genes, Scientific Experts, Publications, Species, Research Topics, Articles from Journal RESEARCH, Research Grants about parathyroid hormone
https://www.labome.org/topics/chemicals/and/hormones/peptide/parathyroid-hormone-12158.html
Parathyroid Hormone (Human, 69 - 84) › PeptaNovaParathyroid Hormone (Human, 69 - 84) › PeptaNova
Parathyroid Hormone (Human, 69 - 84) PTH (Human, 69 - 84)4170-v 0.5 mg | 110.00 EURGlu - Ala - Asp - Lys - Ala - Asp - Val - Asn - Val - ...
https://www.peptanova.de/product/parathyroid-hormone-human-69-84/
Cells and Tissues in Culture: Methods, Biology and Physiology - Google LibriCells and Tissues in Culture: Methods, Biology and Physiology - Google Libri
Cells and Tissues in Culture: Methods, Biology and Physiology, Volume 1 covers the general fields of tissue culture, including an evaluation of its technique, effects, and contributions to biology.This book focuses on the three methods of culture-tissue culture, cell culture, and organ culture.Other topics include the design of complete synthetic media, possible evolution of the cell types, and energy relationships in growing and stationary cells. The RNA synthesis in cell cultures, culture of amphibian embryonic anlage, action of corticosteroids and adrenaline, and effects of parathyroid hormone on bone are also elaborated.This volume is recommended for biologists and specialists interested in the culture of cells and tissues.
https://books.google.it/books?id=GyfLBAAAQBAJ&dq=editions:UOM39015004383173&hl=it&output=html_text&lr=
Gene structure, transcripts and calciotropic effects of the PTH family of peptides in Xenopus and chicken. | - CCMARGene structure, transcripts and calciotropic effects of the PTH family of peptides in Xenopus and chicken. | - CCMAR
BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) belong to a family of endocrine factors that share a highly conserved N-terminal region (amino acids 1-34) and play key roles in calcium homeostasis, bone formation and skeletal development. Recently, PTH-like peptide (PTH-L) was identified in teleost fish raising questions about the evolution of these proteins. Although PTH and PTHrP have been intensively studied in mammals their function in other vertebrates is poorly documented. Amphibians and birds occupy unique phylogenetic positions, the former at the transition of aquatic to terrestrial life and the latter at the transition to homeothermy. Moreover, both organisms have characteristics indicative of a complex system in calcium regulation. This study investigated PTH family evolution in vertebrates with special emphasis on Xenopus and chicken.RESULTS: The PTH-L gene is present throughout the vertebrates with the exception of placental mammals. Gene structure of PTH and ...
https://ccmar.ualg.pt/en/node/1094
PTH, Intact, Including Total Calcium with serial reporting - Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute of ValenciaPTH, Intact, Including Total Calcium with serial reporting - Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute of Valencia
PTH-Intact measures only the biologically active hormone and provides a more precise assessment of parathyroid function in patients with renal disease and those with age-related diseases of glomerular filtration. Intact PTH contains 84 amino acids with biological activity residing in the N-terminal third of the molecule. Therefore, synthetic PTH containing the first 34 amino acids has full biological activity. An inverse relationship exists between PTH secretion and free calcium, since free calcium in blood and intracellular fluid is the primary physiological regulator of PTH secretion. PTH influences both calcium and phosphate homeostasis through actions on bone, kidney, and (indirectly) on 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D. In the kidneys, PTH increases calcium absorption in the distal tubule of the nephron. PTH decreases reabsorption of phosphate by the proximal tubule and stimulates the production of 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D, which stimulates the intestinal absorption of both calcium and phosphate. ...
http://www.specialtylabs.com/tests/details.asp?id=3943SR
PTH - Parathyroid hormone precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - PTH gene & proteinPTH - Parathyroid hormone precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - PTH gene & protein
PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells.
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P01270
Serum levels of thyrotropin are decreased by oral calcium in healthy subjects but not in patients with primary...Serum levels of thyrotropin are decreased by oral calcium in healthy subjects but not in patients with primary...
article{08378271-48a7-4272-8185-79f879144383, abstract = {,p,It has been suggested that calcium changes the set point of the pituitary thyroid feedback. It is not known, however, if small and slow changes of calcium and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) within the physiological range influence the serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in healthy subjects or patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Nine healthy subjects and nine patients with pHPT were therefore investigated with an oral calcium load test. The patients were investigated before and 4 days after operation. During the test, serum levels of ionized calcium increased and serum levels of intact PTH decreased in both healthy subjects and patients pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in patients, the suppressibility of serum levels of PTH by calcium increased postoperatively (p < 0.05). Serum levels of TSH decreased during the oral calcium load in healthy subjects (p < 0.01) but not in ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/08378271-48a7-4272-8185-79f879144383
Parathyroids | Article about Parathyroids by The Free DictionaryParathyroids | Article about Parathyroids by The Free Dictionary
Looking for Parathyroids? Find out information about Parathyroids. An endocrine organ usually associated with the thyroid gland and possessed by all vertebrates except the fishes. In response to lowered serum calcium... Explanation of Parathyroids
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Parathyroids
Sensipar Online Information from PrescriptionDrugs.org - Sensipar generic searchSensipar Online Information from PrescriptionDrugs.org - Sensipar generic search
What is Sensipar used for? Sensipar is used to treat patients: with high levels of parathyroid hormone in their blood due to chronic kidney disease that requires dialysis. with high levels of calcium in their blood due to cancer of the parathyroid gland. Who should not take Sensipar? Do not take Sensipar if you are allergic to Sensipar or to any of the ingredients in Sensipar. Special Warning(s) with Sensipar: Sensipar lowers the amount of calcium in the blood. Low calcium levels may increase the chance of seizures. Blood calcium levels should be checked often during treatment with Sensipar, especially in patients with a history of seizures. General Precautions with Sensipar: Patients should report the symptoms of low blood calcium right away. Symptoms of low blood calcium include abnormal tingling sensations, muscle pain, cramping, spasms, and seizures. Sensipar may cause bone disease if parathyroid hormone levels drop too low. Patients with liver problems may need a lower dose of Sensipar. ...
http://www.prescriptiondrugs.org/pd/sensipar.htm
Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone aa7-84/Nitrogen-15 | Cell SciencesRecombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone aa7-84/Nitrogen-15 | Cell Sciences
Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone is a single, non-glycosylated, 15N stable isotope labeled polypeptide chain containing 78 amino acids. Background: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a single polypeptide of 78 amino acids. It is a critical hormone in the r
http://www.cellsciences.com/recombinant-human-parathyroid-hormone-aa7-84-nitrogen-15
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone - Green Cross - AdisInsightRecombinant human parathyroid hormone - Green Cross - AdisInsight
Green Cross was developing recombinant human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH) for the treatment of osteoporosis. Phase II clinical trials had been completed in
http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800022862?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1e71b8e4-943b-4f34-b601-af37eae18195
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP content and parathyroid hormone release from isolated bovine parathyroid cells. |...Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP content and parathyroid hormone release from isolated bovine parathyroid cells. |...
Beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP content and parathyroid hormone release from isolated bovine parathyroid cells. Endocrinology. 1977 Jun; 100(6):1696-702 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/992586
The effects of parathyroid hormone and alendronate alone or in combin by D M. Black, S L. Greenspan et al.The effects of parathyroid hormone and alendronate alone or in combin by D M. Black, S L. Greenspan et al.
BACKGROUND: Parathyroid hormone increases bone strength primarily by stimulating bone formation, whereas antiresorptive drugs reduce bone resorption. We conducted a randomized, double-blind clinical study of parathyroid hormone and alendronate to test the hypothesis that the concurrent administration of the two agents would increase bone density more than the use of either one alone. METHODS: A total of 238 postmenopausal women (who were not using bisphosphonates) with low bone mineral density at the hip or spine (a T score of less than -2.5, or a T score of less than -2.0 with an additional risk factor for osteoporosis) were randomly assigned to daily treatment with parathyroid hormone (1-84) (100 microg; 119 women), alendronate (10 mg; 60 women), or both (59 women) and were followed for 12 months. Bone mineral density at the spine and hip was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Markers of bone turnover were measured in fasting blood samples.
https://mouseion.jax.org/stfb2000_2009/590/
Usage - RocaltrolUsage - Rocaltrol
INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Download Full Prescribing Information. Predialysis Patients: Rocaltrol is indicated in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism and resultant metabolic bone disease in patients with moderate to severe chronic renal failure (Ccr 15 to 55 mL/min) not yet on dialysis. In children, the creatinine clearance value must be corrected for a surface area of 1.73 square meters. A serum iPTH level of ≥ 100 pg/mL is strongly suggestive of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Dialysis Patients: Rocaltrol is indicated in the management of hypocalcemia and the resultant metabolic bone disease in patients undergoing chronic renal dialysis. In these patients, Rocaltrol administration enhances calcium absorption, reduces serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and may reduce elevated parathyroid hormone levels and the histological manifestations of osteitis fibrosa cystica and defective mineralization. Hypoparathyroidism Patients: Rocaltrol is also indicated in the management of hypocalcemia ...
https://rocaltrol.us/usage/
Velcalcetide (AMG 416), a novel peptide agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor, reduces serum parathyroid hormone and FGF23...Velcalcetide (AMG 416), a novel peptide agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor, reduces serum parathyroid hormone and FGF23...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Velcalcetide (AMG 416), a novel peptide agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor, reduces serum parathyroid hormone and FGF23 levels in healthy male subjects. AU - Martin, Kevin J.. AU - Bell, Gregory. AU - Pickthorn, Karen. AU - Huang, Saling. AU - Vick, Andrew. AU - Hodsman, Peter. AU - Peacock, Munro. PY - 2014/2. Y1 - 2014/2. N2 - ContextVelcalcetide, also known as AMG 416, is a novel, long-acting selective peptide agonist of the calcium sensing receptor. It is being developed as an intravenous treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder.ObjectiveTo assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of velcalcetide in healthy male volunteers. Methods. The study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose, dose-escalation study in healthy males aged 18-45 years conducted at a single center. Each cohort included eight subjects randomized 6:2 to ...
https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/velcalcetide-amg-416-a-novel-peptide-agonist-of-the-calcium-sensi
Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein | HSTalksParathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein | HSTalks
Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Robert Nissenson on Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein, part of a collection of online lectures.
https://hstalks.com/t/493/parathyroid-hormone-and-parathyroid-hormone-relate/?biosci
Low Production of Parathyroid Hormone in Dogs | petMDLow Production of Parathyroid Hormone in Dogs | petMD
Your dog may need to be hospitalized initially for medical management of low levels of calcium in the blood, at least until the clinical signs are controlled. Other treatment will be dependent on whether any other underlying conditions have been diagnosed.. Emergency treatment is usually only needed for certain patients, such as those with primary hypoparathyroidism, or hypoparathyroidism that is secondary to procedures that have been used to correct excessive levels of thyroid hormone or excessive levels of parathyroid hormone -- that is, procedures that have been medically used to lower the amount of parathyroid hormone in the blood, and have resulted in levels of parathyroid hormone that are now too low.. If your dog has been diagnosed with hypocalcemia, low calcium levels in the blood, your doctor will prescribe long-term treatment for the condition. Vitamin D will be needed indefinitely, with the dosage amount determined by your veterinarian, based on your dogs needs. Calcium supplements ...
https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/endocrine/c_dg_hypoparathyroidism?page=2
ActoFactor™ Recombinant Human Parathyroid hormone-like hormone | Creative BioarrayActoFactor™ Recombinant Human Parathyroid hormone-like hormone | Creative Bioarray
Parathyroid Hormone-like related Protein (PTHrP) is a member of the Parathyroid hormone family that is expressed in the mammary gland. It is known as a potent inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation. PTHrP is expressed by periarticular perichondrial cells and exerts its biological activity on PP-R expressing cells. During endochondral bone development PTHrP plays a major role in suppressing the onset of hypertrophic differentiation. It is also responsible for most cases of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Recombinant Human PTHrP is a 9.8 kDa protein consisting of 86 amino acid residues ...
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/ActoFactor-Recombinant-Human-Parathyroid-hormone-like-hormone-CSC-CTK0505-item-3831.htm
Dose Variation in the Treatment of Osteoporosis with Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment hPTH 1-34 | Clinical ScienceDose Variation in the Treatment of Osteoporosis with Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment hPTH 1-34 | Clinical Science
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Clinical Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://www.clinsci.org/content/60/3/26P.3
Parathyroid gland - WikipediaParathyroid gland - Wikipedia
Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin (one of the hormones made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones. Parathyroid glands share a similar blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage to the thyroid glands. Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, with the superior glands arising from the fourth pouch, and the inferior glands arising from the higher third pouch. The relative position of the inferior and superior glands, which are named according to their final location, changes because of the migration of embryological tissues. Hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism, characterized by alterations in the blood calcium levels and bone metabolism, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_gland
Thyroid nodule, normal TSH, High PTH, low normal calcium, low Vitamin DThyroid nodule, normal TSH, High PTH, low normal calcium, low Vitamin D
I have been going to doctors for years now complaining about my symptoms and finally have a family doctor is looking into them and just as frustrated with the endocrinologist and lab results as I am. I am waiting on the results of my second biobsy of a nodule they found on my thyroid gland while they were scanning my parathyroid glands due to high PTH levels. The first biopsy came back suspicious for follicular neoplasm My TSH levels are dropping but still in the normal range as are my T3 and T4 hormone levels. All my kidney function tests go up and down but stay close to the normal range. My parathyroid hormones are elevated which the endocrinologist attributed to my vitamin D deficiency. I have been taking 4000 UI of vitamin D3 daily for months now and although my levels are coming up I am still slightly deficient. My parathyroid hormones are higher now than previously and my calcium levels are in the low normal range (if i did the conversion right my levels are 8.6).I am exhausted and ...
https://www.endocrineweb.com/community/follicular-thyroid-cancer/57617-thyroid-nodule-normal-tsh-high-pth-low-normal-calcium-low-
Furosemide-Induced Reduction in Ionized Calcium in Hypoparathyroid Patients | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...Furosemide-Induced Reduction in Ionized Calcium in Hypoparathyroid Patients | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of...
Six hypoparathyroid patients were treated with oral furosemide for 4 days. All six had a significant decrease in serum ionized calcium level from the control period (4.05 ± 0.31 mg/dl) to the furosemide period (3.46 ± 0.26 mg/dl, P , 0.005). In five patients, the decrease in serum ionized calcium concentration occurred in association with an increase in urinary calcium excretion. Although serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level increased in five patients, it was insufficient to return serum ionized calcium to control levels. Changes in serum phosphorus, magnesium, or pH could not account for the observed decrease in serum ionized calcium concentration. It is necessary to monitor serum ionized calcium level in hypoparathyroid patients during furosemide therapy. ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/691089/furosemide-induced-reduction-ionized-calcium-hypoparathyroid-patients
The effect of parathyroid hormone on the distribution of osteoclastsThe effect of parathyroid hormone on the distribution of osteoclasts
Calcium removal from bone of the amphibian, R. catesbiana, was studied utilizing the technique of peritoneal lavage. Calcium changes in the lavage fluid were compared in parathyroidectomized and control frogs at two temperatures (4°C. and 22°C.). A histological comparison between parathyroid glands of lavaged animals and non-lavaged controls was made. In addition, the distribution and frequency of osteoclasts in the various bones of this frog were examined to relate their occurrence with the state of activity of the parathyroid glands. The results of these studies suggest that parathyroid function as related to its influence on bone follows the same pattern in the frog as has been reported previously for the rat. Both control and parathyroidectomized frogs were capable of supplying calcium from bone to peritoneal fluid as demonstrated by the lavage procedures. The frog could not, however, maintain this process indefinitely, for in all cases extremely erratic removal was noted after six hours ...
https://scholarship.rice.edu/handle/1911/89278
Etelcalcetide - WikipediaEtelcalcetide - Wikipedia
Etelcalcetide (formerly velcalcetide, trade name Parsabiv) is a calcimimetic drug for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing hemodialysis. It is administered intravenously at the end of each dialysis session. Etelcalcetide functions by binding to and activating the calcium-sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland. Parsabiv is currently owned by Amgen and Ono Pharmaceuticals in Japan. Etelcalcetide is used for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis. Hyperparathyroidism is the condition of elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and is often observed in people with CKD. Etelcalcetide functions by binding to and activating the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the parathyroid gland as an allosteric activator, resulting in PTH reduction and suppression. Etelcalcetide functions in a first order elimination, with a half life of 19 hours. No interaction studies in humans were conducted. Studies in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etelcalcetide
Comparison of the Effects of Daily and Intermittent-Dose Calcitriol on Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Ionized Calcium...Comparison of the Effects of Daily and Intermittent-Dose Calcitriol on Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Ionized Calcium...
Hostutler, R. A., DiBartola, S. P., Chew, D. J., Nagode, L. A., Schenck, P. A., Rajala-Schultz, P. J. and Drost, W. T. (2006), Comparison of the Effects of Daily and Intermittent-Dose Calcitriol on Serum Parathyroid Hormone and Ionized Calcium Concentrations in Normal Cats and Cats with Chronic Renal Failure. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 20: 1307-1313. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00743.x ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00743.x/references?globalMessage=0
2002 - Review: Parathyroid hormone increases lumbar spine bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fractures in...2002 - Review: Parathyroid hormone increases lumbar spine bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fractures in...
PTH is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved agent that stimulates bone formation. According to Crandalls review, many small trials showed that daily subcutaneous PTH increases bone mass and 1 large RCT showed that it reduces fracture risk. The substantial risk reduction with 21 months of PTH resembles that seen with 1 to 2 years of alendronate or risedronate in patients who have osteoporosis (1−4). Treatment with PTH involves daily self-injections and is expensive. Thus, use of PTH should be limited to patients at high risk for fractures who have ≥ 1 vertebral fracture. The currently approved single 18- to 24-month course of daily PTH may not optimize use of PTH. Less frequent administration and shorter, longer, or repeated courses should be tested in trials to find ways to restore the architecture of bone and, perhaps, reach the previously elusive goal of curing patients with severe osteoporosis. As Crandall points out, the effect of combining antiresorptives and PTH needs ...
http://acpjc.org/Content/139/1/issue/ACPJC-2003-139-1-011.htm
Cardiac hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperparathyroidism--an association. | HeartCardiac hypertrophy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperparathyroidism--an association. | Heart
Left ventricular hypertrophy (symmetric, asymmetric, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) is an almost invariable accompaniment of primary hyperparathyroidism. Five of 18 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had raised serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone with normal serum calcium concentrations. Left ventricular hypertrophy did not occur in any of the six patients with hypercalcaemia alone. These relations suggest that parathyroid hormone rather than a rise in the extracellular calcium concentration is associated with a spectrum of left ventricular hypertrophy. All patients with increased circulating parathyroid hormone concentrations should have echocardiographic examination of the left ventricle. Conversely, parathyroid hormone concentrations should be measured in all patients with left ventricular hypertrophy from an unknown cause, especially those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/54/5/539
Plus itPlus it
On 27 July the US Food and Drug Administration held a public hearing on an application for a licence for the use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The application, from Eli Lilly, is for teriparatide (Forsteo), the N-terminal fragment rhPTH(1-34). The hearings advisory panel voted unanimously in favour of the parathyroid hormone and approval could be expected after resolution of a few technical concerns. The application was partly based on solid evidence that parathyroid hormone, given as a daily injection for several weeks or months in experimental animals, increases bone mass and strength.1 This evidence led to a multicentre randomised controlled trial in women with osteoporosis, which showed that treatment with parathyroid hormone reduced spine fractures by 66% to 90% (according to whether smaller fractures and those causing minor symptoms were counted) and other fractures by 50%.2. The first experiments showing an anabolic effect of ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/324/7335/435
Menopoz Öncesinde Selim Tiroid Nodülleri Için Uygulanan Levotiroksin Supresyon Tedavisinin Kemik Metabolizmasına EtkisiMenopoz Öncesinde Selim Tiroid Nodülleri Için Uygulanan Levotiroksin Supresyon Tedavisinin Kemik Metabolizmasına Etkisi
Objectives: This prospective study was designed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine suppression therapy for benign thyroid nodules on markers of bone turnover in premenopausal women. Patients and Methods: The study included 28 premenopausal women who received levothyroxine suppression therapy for benign thyroid nodules for one year. The size of the thyroid gland and nodules, biochemical markers of bone turnover and urinary calcium excretion were measured before and after levothyroxine suppression therapy. Results: No significant adverse effects were seen during levothyroxine treatment. Decreases in total thyroid volume and the size of the nodules were not significant at the end of treatment. Although levothyroxine suppression therapy did not result in changes in serum levels of calcium and phosphor, and urinary calcium excretion, bone turnover markers, namely serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline levels, increased significantly. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels showed a ...
http://www.tkbbv.org.tr/dergi.aspx?Dergi=6&yil=2008&makale=9421
Parathyroid carcinoma: A 16-year experience in a single institution<...Parathyroid carcinoma: A 16-year experience in a single institution<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Parathyroid carcinoma. T2 - A 16-year experience in a single institution. AU - Lee, Yong Sang. AU - Hong, Soon Won. AU - Jeong, Jong Ju. AU - Nam, Kee Hyun. AU - Chung, Woong Youn. AU - Chang, Hang-Seok. AU - Park, Cheong Soo. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - Introduction: This study aims to describe our experiences of parathyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The data of clinicopathological features, surgical treatment and outcomes of seven cases of parathyroid carcinoma among 171 patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism over a 16-year period were analyzed. Results: The major symptoms at the diagnosis included a neck mass in three cases and multiple bone pain in five. Two patients were asymptomatic. No remarkable increases of serum calcium levels were noted in the patients, but serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were high in most of the patients (4 of 5 in available). A variety of imaging studies including ultrasonography, sestamibi scan, ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/parathyroid-carcinoma-a-16-year-experience-in-a-single-institutio
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Quality in Persons with Chronic Spinal Cord InjuryVitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone and Bone Quality in Persons with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Background: Following spinal cord injury (SCI) declines in sub-lesional bone mineral density (BMD) occur, and are associated with a high prevalence of fractures. Conventional risk factors for osteoporosis diagnosis in the non-SCI population put all individuals with SCI at a high risk of fracturing, however not all experience fractures. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been linked to skeletal health in the non-SCI population, and therefore may be a fracture risk factor worth targeting post-SCI. Objectives: To evaluate: 1) the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D (Serum 25(OH)D ,75nmol/L) status and identify the relationships between 25(OH)D and bone quality; and 2) the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (Serum intact PTH ≥ 7.0 pmol/L) and identify the relationships between serum PTH and bone quality, in males and females with chronic SCI. Methods: Individuals were assessed via cross-sectional study design. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay ...
https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/handle/10012/5657
Complete genomic landscape of a recurring sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. - Canadas Michael Smith Genome Sciences CentreComplete genomic landscape of a recurring sporadic parathyroid carcinoma. - Canadas Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy with an estimated incidence of less than 1 per million population. Excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, extremely high serum calcium level, and the deleterious effects of hypercalcaemia are the clinical manifestations of the disease. Up to 60% of patients develop multiple disease recurrences and although long-term survival is possible with palliative surgery, permanent remission is rarely achieved. Molecular drivers of sporadic parathyroid carcinoma have remained largely unknown. Previous studies, mostly based on familial cases of the disease, suggested potential roles for the tumour suppressor MEN1 and proto-oncogene RET in benign parathyroid tumourigenesis, while the tumour suppressor HRPT2 and proto-oncogene CCND1 may also act as drivers in parathyroid cancer. Here, we report the complete genomic analysis of a sporadic and recurring parathyroid carcinoma. Mutational landscapes of the primary and recurrent tumour specimens were analysed using
http://www.bcgsc.ca/platform/publications/complete-genomic-landscape-of-a-recurring-sporadic-parathyroid-carcinoma-1
Rockwell Medical Reports Third Quarter 2015 Results | Rockwell Medical, Inc.Rockwell Medical Reports Third Quarter 2015 Results | Rockwell Medical, Inc.
approved generic drug Calcitriol is for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. Calcitriol (active vitamin D) injection is indicated in the management of hypocalcemia in patients undergoing chronic renal dialysis. It has been shown to significantly reduce elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Reduction of PTH has been shown to result in an improvement in renal osteodystrophy. Rockwell intends to market Calcitriol to hemodialysis patients in the U.S. dialysis market.. Rockwell is also an established manufacturer and leader in delivering high-quality hemodialysis concentrates/dialysates to dialysis providers and distributors in the U.S. and abroad. As one of the two major suppliers in the U.S., Rockwells products are used to maintain human life by removing toxins and replacing critical nutrients in the dialysis patients bloodstream. Rockwell has three manufacturing/distribution facilities located in the U.S.. Rockwells exclusive renal drug therapies support disease ...
https://ir.rockwellmed.com/news-releases/news-release-details/rockwell-medical-reports-third-quarter-2015-results
Treatment and prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia with PTH-CBD, a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog, in a...Treatment and prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia with PTH-CBD, a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog, in a...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Treatment and prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia with PTH-CBD, a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog, in a non-depilated mouse model. AU - Katikaneni, Ranjitha. AU - Ponnapakkam, Tulasi. AU - Matsushita, Osamu. AU - Sakon, Joshua. AU - Gensure, Robert. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Alopecia is a psychologically devastating complication of chemotherapy for which there is currently no effective therapy. PTH-CBD is a collagen-targeted parathyroid hormone analog that has shown promise as a therapy for alopecia disorders. This study compared the efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic administration of PTH-CBD in chemotherapy-induced alopecia using a mouse model that mimics the cyclic chemotherapy dosing used clinically. C57BL/6J mice were treated with a single subcutaneous injection of PTH-CBD (320 mcg/kg) or vehicle control before or after hair loss developing from three courses of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy (50-150 mg/kg/week). Mice receiving ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/treatment-and-prevention-of-chemotherapy-induced-alopecia-with-pt-2
High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Chemiluminescent Detection in the Automation of a Parathyroid Hormone...High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Chemiluminescent Detection in the Automation of a Parathyroid Hormone...
TY - JOUR. T1 - High-Performance Immunoaffinity Chromatography and Chemiluminescent Detection in the Automation of a Parathyroid Hormone Sandwich Immunoassay. AU - Hage, David S.. AU - Kao, Pai C.. PY - 1991/3/1. Y1 - 1991/3/1. N2 - An automated sandwich immunoassay was developed based on high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography and chemiluminescent detection, using the determination of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in plasma as a model system. In this method, Injections of plasma and acrldinium ester-labeled antl-(1-34 PTH) antibodies were made onto a column containing Immobilized anti-(44-68 PTH) antibodies. Upon elution, PTH and Its associated labeled antibody were combined with an alkaline peroxide postcolumn reagent, and the resulting light production was measured. Factors considered in optimizing this system included the columns dissociation properties, the rate of light production in the postcolumn reactor, and the use of sequential vs simultaneous injection of sample and labeled ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/high-performance-immunoaffinity-chromatography-and-chemiluminesce
Phosphate mobilization from striated muscle following parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats |...Phosphate mobilization from striated muscle following parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats |...
Parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats resulted in a significant reduction in inorganic phosphate content of a variety of striated muscles. Most other organs were...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02124111
Endocrine System InformationEndocrine System Information
An example of negative feedback is the regulation of the blood calcium level. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the blood calcium amount. If calcium decreases, the parathyroid glands sense the decrease and secrete more parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid hormone stimulates calcium release from the bones and increases the calcium uptake into the bloodstream from the collecting tubules in the kidneys. Conversely, if blood calcium increases too much, the parathyroid glands reduce parathyroid hormone production. Both responses are examples of negative feedback because in both cases the effects are negative (opposite) to the stimulus.. Positive feedback mechanisms control self-perpetuating events that can be out of control and do not require continuous adjustment. In positive feedback mechanisms, the original stimulus is promoted rather than negated. Positive feedback increases the deviation from an ideal normal value. Unlike negative feedback that maintains hormone ...
http://arh.adam.com/pages/guide/reftext/html/endo_sys_fin.html
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic ToxinToxins | Free Full-Text | Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has an important role in the maintenance of serum calcium levels. It activates renal 1α-hydroxylase and increases the synthesis of the active form of vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D3). PTH promotes calcium release from the bone and enhances tubular calcium resorption through direct action on these sites. Hallmarks of secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) include increase in serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), reduction in renal 1,25[OH]2D3 production with a decline in its serum levels, decrease in intestinal calcium absorption, and, at later stages, hyperphosphatemia and high levels of PTH. In this paper, we aim to critically discuss severe CKD-related hyperparathyroidism, in which PTH, through calcium-dependent and -independent mechanisms, leads to harmful effects and manifestations of the uremic syndrome, such as bone loss, skin and soft tissue calcification, cardiomyopathy, immunodeficiency, impairment of erythropoiesis, increase of
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/3/189
Isolation and characterization of cells coexpressing endothelial progenitors and parathyroid specific genes from human adult...Isolation and characterization of cells coexpressing endothelial progenitors and parathyroid specific genes from human adult...
A peculiar characteristic of parathyroid tissue is the ability to spontaneously induce angiogenesis, to proliferate and to secrete PTH when autotransplanted in patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy. Since stem/progenitor cells have been involved in the process of tissue regeneration, we searched for putative parathyroid progenitors from human normal and tumoral parathyroids. By immunohistochemistry, FACS analysis and cell culture we identified parathyroid cells positive for the haematopoietic/endothelial marker CD34 which expressed surface antigens typical of endothelial progenitors, such as CD146 and CXCR4, but not the haematopoietic and mesenchymal markers, such as CD45, Thy-1/CD90, CD105 and CD117/c-kit. These cells were more abundant in tumoral than in normal parathyroids (4.4±1.2 and 2.2±0.9% respectively; P=0.05), without any difference in their immunophenotype except for the expression of nestin, a neural stem cell specific marker, which was almost exclusively restricted to the ...
https://air.unimi.it/handle/2434/61384
Markers of Bone and Calcium Metabolism Following Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding | SpringerLinkMarkers of Bone and Calcium Metabolism Following Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding | SpringerLink
Several studies have suggested that morbid obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). Studies have also suggested that there is an increase in vitamin D de
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11695-007-9408-4
Childrens Hospital of The Kings Daughters Health SystemChildrens Hospital of The Kings Daughters Health System
Doctors do not know what causes early hypocalcemia.. Late hypocalcemia is rare and has a number of known causes. Late hypocalcemia is usually caused by drinking cows milk or formula that has too much phosphate. It may be connected to calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. It can also be caused by a problem with parathyroid hormone. This hormone is made by the parathyroid glands in the neck. It helps keep the amount of calcium and phosphorus at a normal level in the blood. Low parathyroid hormone levels can cause too little calcium in the blood. A number of conditions, such as DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome), may cause low parathyroid hormone levels. ...
http://www.chkd.org/Patients-and-Families/Health-Library/Content.aspx?ContentTypeId=90&contentId=P02376&iscustom=0
Vol 6 Issue 2 p.12 | American Thyroid AssociationVol 6 Issue 2 p.12 | American Thyroid Association
ABBREVIATIONS & DEFINITIONS. Hypocalcemia: low calcium levels in the blood, a complication from thyroid surgery that is usually short-term and relatively easily treated with calcium pills. If left untreated, low calcium may be associated with muscle twitching or cramping and, if severe, can cause seizures and/or heart problems. Parathyroid glands: usually four small glands located around the thyroid that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates the bodys calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH): the hormone that regulates the bodys calcium levels. High levels of PTH cause hypercalcemia, or too much calcium in the blood. Low levels of PTH cause hypocalcemia, or too little calcium in the blood. Hypoparathyroidism: low calcium levels due to decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands next to the thyroid. This can occur as a result of damage to the glands during thyroid surgery and usually resolves. This may also occur as a result of autoimmune ...
http://www.thyroid.org/patient-thyroid-information/ct-for-patients/vol-6-issue-2/vol-6-issue-2-p-12/
25-Hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in black and white older adults: The health ABC study<...25-Hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in black and white older adults: The health ABC study<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and mortality in black and white older adults. T2 - The health ABC study. AU - Kritchevsky, Stephen B.. AU - Tooze, Janet A.. AU - Neiberg, Rebecca H.. AU - Schwartz, Gary G.. AU - Hausman, Dorothy B.. AU - Johnson, Mary Ann. AU - Bauer, Douglas C.. AU - Cauley, Jane A.. AU - Shea, M. Kyla. AU - Cawthon, Peggy M.. AU - Harris, Tamara B.. AU - Rubin, Susan M.. AU - Tylavsky, Francis A.. AU - Houston, Denise K.. PY - 2012/11. Y1 - 2012/11. N2 - Context: Previous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and mortality studies have included mostly individuals of European descent. Whether the relationship is similar in Blacks and to what extent differences in 25(OH)D explain racial disparities in mortality is unclear. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between 25(OH)D, PTH, and mortality in Black and white community-dwelling older adults over 8.5 yr of follow-up. Design and Setting: Health ABC is a prospective cohort ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/25-hydroxyvitamin-d-parathyroid-hormone-and-mortality-in-black-an
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Cancer Types - The Parathyroid GlandsNewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Cancer Types - The Parathyroid Glands
Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small deviations can cause muscle and nerve impairment.. The parathyroid hormone stimulates the following functions:. ...
http://www.nyhq.org/diw/Content.asp?PageID=DIW007320
Is Your Surgeon Cheating During Your Parathyroid Operation?Is Your Surgeon Cheating During Your Parathyroid Operation?
Operating without evaluating all four parathyroid glands is cheating. All five of the cheating methods above are done for one of two reasons, 1) the surgeon does not feel comfortable with his/her ability to find all four parathyroid glands (they lack the skill and they know it!) or 2) the surgeon believes that a cure rate of 90% or less is OK, and believes that he/she can simply operate on you again in the future if you arent cured. How do we know this with such confidence? Because we used to be one of those surgeons who didnt think it was necessary to evaluate all four parathyroid glands. Up until 2002 we thought that we could tell which patients needed to have all four parathyroid glands evaluated, and which ones only needed 1 or two parathyroid glands evaluated. (see our publication citation at the bottom of this page). We gave up on that one-side operation because it doesnt work. We used to think that we could cure most people with a one-side unilateral operation, and that it was OK to ...
https://www.parathyroid.com/blog/cheating-parathyroid-surgeons
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands - Boris Bentsianov, MDThyroid and Parathyroid Glands - Boris Bentsianov, MD
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that lies in front of the windpipe (trachea), just below the voice box (larynx). The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make two thyroid hormones that regulate the way the body uses energy.. The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce a substance (parathyroid hormone) that helps control the amount of calcium in the blood. ...
https://www.brooklynentdoc.com/patient-education/health-library/?DOCHWID=aa125286
Bone Metabolism, Parathyroid Glands, and Calciotropic Hormones - Maria Luisa Brandi; Aliya Khan; | Foyles BookstoreBone Metabolism, Parathyroid Glands, and Calciotropic Hormones - Maria Luisa Brandi; Aliya Khan; | Foyles Bookstore
This book comprehensively describes bone metabolism and diverse bone metabolic disorders from an endocrine medicine perspective. Moreover, it addresses not only common bone diseases, but also more recent discoveries concerning rare skeletal disorders. Recognizing endocrinologists growing interest in the field of bone metabolism, it provides expert guidance and represents an innovative and unique compendium. The book is intended as a major reference source for endocrinologists, basic and clinical scientists alike. It is published as part of the SpringerReference program, which offers access to living editions constantly updated through a dynamic peer-review publishing process
https://www.foyles.co.uk/witem/medical-veterinary/bone-metabolism-parathyroid-glands,maria-luisa-brandi-aliya-khan-9783030244163
Advisory Panel Favors Approval of NatparaAdvisory Panel Favors Approval of Natpara
The FDAs Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee voted to recommend approval of recombinant human parathyroid hormone for hypoparathyroidism.
http://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/bone-metabolism/advisory-panel-favors-approval-of-natpara/article/371735/
Parathyroid Hormone - North Kansas City Hospital, Kansas City, MOParathyroid Hormone - North Kansas City Hospital, Kansas City, MO
Covers why and how parathyroid hormone tests are done. Covers what possible results might mean. Includes info on what might affect the test.
https://www.nkch.org/patients-visitors/health-library/healthwise-document-viewer/?id=hw8101
Plus itPlus it
To the Editor:. An 84-year-old woman with a history of surgical menopause at the age of 37 years, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and prolonged corticosteroid use (prescribed by her general pratictioner for osteoarthritis-related pain), sustained a low-trauma vertebral fracture at L3 level. Radiographs showed previous L2 fracture. Other investigations were unremarkable, except for low 25-OH vitamin D levels (22.1 ng/ml) and elevated plasma parathyroid hormone (144 pg/ml). She was then diagnosed with osteoporosis, supplemented with 300,000 IU of oral cholecalciferol, and started therapy with neridronic acid (NA), 100 mg intravenously1. Corticosteroids had been tapered before starting NA. The day after her first NA dose, she noticed polyarthralgia, myalgia, and fever (to 38°C). Over the subsequent 5 days, symptoms eased, but she experienced progressive pain and swelling of her left shoulder. Pain was severe and she was unable to lift her left arm for activities of daily living. She came to ...
http://www.jrheum.org/content/37/5/1076
Defining normal bone turnover by mortality risk: a study of bone alkaline phosphatase in haemodialysis patients - UK Renal...Defining normal bone turnover by mortality risk: a study of bone alkaline phosphatase in haemodialysis patients - UK Renal...
People with kidney disease develop abnormalities of the day to day routine maintenance of their bones and the metals, minerals and chemical messengers associated with bone health. This may cause bone disease but may also lead to blood vessels becoming furred-up or hardened with calcium. These hardened vessels can ultimately cause death or disability due to cardiovascular disease (e.g. strokes, heart attacks, amputations).. In clinical practice these bone and mineral abnormalities are managed using a range of treatments (e.g. vitamin D and phosphate binders). The initiation and dose of drugs given are largely guided by laboratory tests, including measurement of a chemical messenger called parathyroid hormone. However, parathyroid hormone is not a good marker for bone disease in people who also have kidney failure. There is some concern that treatments guided by parathyroid hormone may actually make the underlying condition worse. At present most members of the renal multidisciplinary team along ...
https://www.renalreg.org/research/defining-normal-bone-turnover-by-mortality-risk/
Untitled DocumentUntitled Document
SERUM LEVELS OF CORTICOSTERONE, PROGESTERONE, PARATHYROID HORMONE AND CALCITONIN IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS AFTER 3-MONTH TREATMENT WITH UKRAIN. JABLONSKI M.. Department of Orthopedics, Medical University School, Lublin, Poland.. Address for correspondence: M. Jablonski, Department of Orthopedics, Medical University School, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland. Summary: Ukrain was administered intraperitoneally to ovariectomized rats at doses of 7, 14 and 28 mg/kg every other day for 10 days, followed by a 10-day break. This procedure was performed five times. Serum lev-els of selected calciotropic hormones, i.e., corticosterone, progesterone, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, were assessed. A decrease of serum corticosterone in relation to controls occurred in serum levels of ovariec-tomized rats treated with Ukrain 14 mg/kg compared with ovariectomized-only rats. Ovariectomy caused a sig-nificant drop in serum levels of progesterone. Ukrain did not significantly affect serum levels of this ...
http://ukrain.ua/statti/224.htm
Reference ranges for blood testsReference ranges for blood tests
For example, on a certain monitor, the horizontal distance between the upper limits for parathyroid hormone in pmol/L and pg/mL ... doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69046-5. PMID 2893797.[permanent dead link] New Assays for Aldosterone, Renin and Parathyroid Hormone ... Häggström, Mikael (2014). "Reference ranges for estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone ... Renin and Parathyroid Hormone Archived 2011-10-27 at the Wayback Machine University of Washington, Department of Laboratory ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood_tests
TIP39TIP39
... is related to parathyroid hormone (PTH; MIM 168450) and PTH-related protein (PTHRP; MIM 168470) and is a ligand for PTH ... Misiano P, Scott BB, Scheideler MA, Garnier M (2004). "PTH2 receptor-mediated inhibitory effect of parathyroid hormone and ... 2004). "Agonist-specific regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type 2 activity: structural and functional analysis ... 2003). "Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39): molecular structure and activity for parathyroid hormone 2 receptor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIP39
PseudopseudohypoparathyroidismPseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
It is more properly Albright hereditary osteodystrophy although without resistance of parathyroid hormone frequently seen in ... It was characterized in 1952 by Fuller Albright as "pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism" (with hyphen). GNAS1 Parathyroid hormone ... Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism can be best understood by comparing it to other conditions: Hormone resistance is not present in ... David Terris; Christine G. Gourin (15 November 2008). Thyroid and Parathyroid Diseases: Medical and Surgical Management. Thieme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidismX-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism
... the parathyroid glands are underdeveloped and therefore do not produce enough parathyroid hormone. This is caused by a mutation ... Supplementation with parathyroid hormone is another treatment option. "Hypoparathyroidism". www.socialstyrelsen.se. Retrieved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_hypoparathyroidism
CalcimimeticCalcimimetic
As a result of the receptor "thinking" there is sufficient calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion will be reduced. Lower ... Cinacalcet mimics calcium at the parathyroid hormone receptor. This binding will increase the sensitivity of calcium-sensing ... Common side effects include: nausea and vomiting, hypocalcemia, and adynamic bone disease if intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) ... Etelcalcetide binds to the CaSR on the parathyroid gland, which results in receptor activation and ultimately reduction in PTH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcimimetic
Development of the endocrine systemDevelopment of the endocrine system
May 1, 2002). "Parathyroid hormone is essential for normal fetal bone formation". J Clin Invest. 109 (9): 1173-1182. doi: ... The Sertoli cells are the point of origin for anti-Müllerian hormone. Once synthesized, the anti-Müllerian hormone initiates ... At 10 weeks of gestation, the Leydig cells begin to produce androgen hormones. The androgen hormone dihydrotestosterone is ... The genes, TBX1, CRKL, GATA3, GCM2, and SOX3 have also been shown to play a crucial role in the formation of the parathyroid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_endocrine_system
HypocalcemiaHypocalcemia
Calcium is tightly regulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH). In response to low calcium levels, PTH levels rise, and ... body's own immune system mistakenly attacks parathyroid tissue and leads to the loss of the secretion of parathyroid hormone. ... However, in the setting of absent, decreased, or ineffective PTH hormone, the body loses this regulatory function, and ... Parathyroid symptoms and disease , Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2015-09-05. "Hypoparathyroidism". NORD (National Organization ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocalcemia
Metastatic calcificationMetastatic calcification
Secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by certain tumors. Resorption of bone due to Primary bone marrow tumors (e.g. ... Hypercalcemia, elevated blood calcium, has numerous causes, including Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone due to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastatic_calcification
OsteocyteOsteocyte
Sclerostin is inhibited by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and mechanical loading. Sclerostin antagonizes the activity of BMP (bone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteocyte
OsteoclastOsteoclast
... s are regulated by several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid gland, calcitonin from ... The osteoclasts do not have receptors for parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, PTH stimulates the osteoblasts to secrete the ... The activity of osteoclasts is controlled by hormones and cytokines. Calcitonin, a hormone of thyroid gland, suppresses the ... the thyroid gland, and growth factor interleukin 6 (IL-6). This last hormone, IL-6, is one of the factors in the disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoclast
Neonatal hypocalcemiaNeonatal hypocalcemia
Another hypothesis includes impaired secretion of PTH or Parathyroid hormone. Risk factors of early neonatal hypocalcemia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_hypocalcemia
OsteoblastOsteoblast
A particularly important bone-targeted hormonal regulator is parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid hormone is a protein made ... Two of these are adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and follicle stimulating hormone. The physiological role for responses to ... The skeleton is also modified for reproduction and in response to nutritional and other hormone stresses; it responds to ... Nicks KM, Fowler TW, Gaddy D (June 2010). "Reproductive hormones and bone". Curr Osteoporos Rep. 8 (2): 60-7. doi:10.1007/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblast
NPS-2143NPS-2143
July 2009). "Antagonists of the calcium receptor I. Amino alcohol-based parathyroid hormone secretagogues". Journal of ... and consequently stimulates release of parathyroid hormone. Calcilytic drugs have been researched as potential treatments for ... potent and selective Ca2+ receptor antagonists that stimulate secretion of parathyroid hormone". The Journal of Pharmacology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPS-2143
Chvostek signChvostek sign
The 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) is required for parathyroid hormone activation. It is frequently seen in alcoholics, persons with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chvostek_sign
Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorderChronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder
... and changes in circulating levels of hormones. These include parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D; ... parathyroid hormone, or vitamin D metabolism Abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength ... and growth hormone. Beginning in CKD stage 3, the ability of the kidneys to appropriately excrete a phosphate load is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease-mineral_and_bone_disorder
Chief cellChief cell
The parathyroid chief cell is the primary cell of the parathyroid gland. It produces and secretes parathyroid hormone in ... Parathyroid chief cells make up the majority of the parathyroid gland along with adipocytes and oxyphil cells. Parathyroid ... Parathyroid tissue seems to have a low turn-over rate. Gastric chief cells are epithelial cells which are found within the ... In human anatomy, there are three types of chief cells, the gastric chief cell, the parathyroid chief cell, and the type 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_cell
HyperparathyroidismHyperparathyroidism
Normal parathyroid glands measure the ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentration in the blood and secrete parathyroid hormone ... The oversecretion of PTH is due to a parathyroid adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, or rarely, a parathyroid carcinoma. This ... secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in response to hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels). The ... Although parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes the reabsorption of calcium from the kidneys' tubular fluid, thus decreasing the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperparathyroidism
DoxercalciferolDoxercalciferol
... a new vitamin D analogue that lowers parathyroid hormone". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 18 (4): 750-758. doi:10.1093/ ... It is a synthetic analog of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). It suppresses parathyroid synthesis and secretion. Docercalciferol is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxercalciferol
Magnesium deficiencyMagnesium deficiency
Furthermore, it makes skeletal and muscle receptors less sensitive to parathyroid hormone. Magnesium is needed for the adequate ... This inhibits the release of parathyroid hormone, which can result in hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_deficiency
EldecalcitolEldecalcitol
Harada S, Takeda S, Uno A, Takahashi F, Saito H (July 2010). "Eldecalcitol is less effective in suppressing parathyroid hormone ... In addition, some vitamin D derivatives have been known to inhibit the serum parathyroid hormone. Eldecalcitol only weakly ... Unlike other vitamin D analogs, eldecalcitol does not significantly suppress parathyroid hormone levels, promising a better ... inhibits the serum parathyroid hormone, making it an even more appealing medicinal drug for its physiological uses in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldecalcitol
Gordon WishartGordon Wishart
Focused parathyroid surgery with intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement as a day-case procedure. British Journal of ... Focused parathyroid surgery with intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement as a day-case procedure. British Journal of ... together with the use of intra-operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement for parathyroid surgery. In 2007, Wishart ... Wishart pioneered minimally invasive parathyroid surgery as a daycase procedure in the UK, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Wishart
DaclizumabDaclizumab
Swenson RS, Weisinger JR, Ruggeri JL, Reaven GM (February 1975). "Evidence that parathyroid hormone is not required for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daclizumab
HypoparathyroidismHypoparathyroidism
... is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone. This can lead ... Synthetic human parathyroid hormone 1-34 vs calcitriol and calcium in the treatment of hypoparathyroidism: Results of a ... Synthetic human parathyroid hormone 1-34 replacement therapy: A randomized crossover trial comparing pump versus injections in ... The N-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) has full biological activity. The use of pump delivery of synthetic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoparathyroidism
1962 in science1962 in science
"Evidence for Calcitonin-A New Hormone from the Parathyroid That Lowers Blood Calcium". Endocrinology. 70 (5): 638-649. doi: ... May 1 - Douglas Harold Copp discovers of the hormone calcitonin. August - The "Hastings Rarities" are exposed as ornithological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962_in_science
Gerald D. AurbachGerald D. Aurbach
He determined that parathyroid hormone acts through cyclic AMP, and demonstrated that pseudohypoparathyroidism is a disorder of ... Aurbach was the first researcher to produce a hormone produced by parathyroid glands. Aurbach began studying PTH as a medical ... the parathyroid hormone receptor complex. He also characterized several hereditary diseases related to hyperparathyroidism. In ... Gerald D. Aurbach (March 24, 1927 - November 4, 1991) was an American medical scientist noted for his studies of parathyroid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_D._Aurbach
Cardiac surgeryCardiac surgery
"Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement on Parathyroid Hormone Sensitivity and Bone Mineral Metabolism". European Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_surgery
AmastiaAmastia
... may also be caused by the inability of producing parathyroid hormone related protein. The absence of this protein will ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastia
ThiazideThiazide
Some of this response is due to augmentation of the action of parathyroid hormone. Thiazides pass into breast milk and can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiazide
HypermagnesemiaHypermagnesemia
"The influence of hypermagnesemia on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in human subjects". New England Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermagnesemia
Sathyanarayana SrikantaSathyanarayana Srikanta
"Parathyroid cell surface autoantibodies that inhibit parathyroid hormone secretion from dispersed human parathyroid cells". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyanarayana_Srikanta
Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes
2011). "Chapter 17: Pancreatic hormones & diabetes mellitus". Greenspan's basic & clinical endocrinology (9th ed.). New York: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes_mellitus
LevothyroxineLevothyroxine
It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that is considered ... Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a manufactured form of the thyroid hormone, thyroxine (T4).[1][4] It is used to ... Thyroid hormone requirements increase during and last throughout pregnancy.[11] As such, it is recommended that pregnant women ... The primary pathway of thyroid hormone metabolism is through sequential deiodination.[20] The liver is the main site of T4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine
Apparato digestive, le encyclopedia libereApparato digestive, le encyclopedia libere
For example, the pancreas, thyroid, liver, and parathyroids are also endocrine glands that make hormones like insulin. ... Salivary glands, lips, teeth, tongue, epiglottis, thyroid, and parathyroids. Food does not go through these organs. But they ...
https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparato_digestive
Short statureShort stature
It can also be due to one or more of many abnormal conditions, such as chronic (prolonged) growth hormone or thyroid hormone ... About half of them do not have growth hormone deficiency, and consequently benefited very little, if at all, from the hormone ... Limiting sales of the hormone to children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency, rather than being short for any reason, ... Human growth hormone (HGH) deficiency may occur at any time during infancy or childhood, with the most obvious sign being a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_stature
FZD5FZD5
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1. *2). *Ghrelin. * Kisspeptin. *Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin. *MAS (1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FZD5
HormoneHormone
For instance, serum calcium concentration affects parathyroid hormone synthesis; bluid succar (serum glucose concentration) ... Regulation o hormone synthesis o gonadal hormones, adrenocortical hormones, an thyroid hormones is eften dependent on complex ... Some hormones are completely active whan released intae the bluidstream (as is the case for insulin an growthe hormones), while ... Ither hormones, includin steroid an thyroid hormones, are lipid-soluble; tae allou for their widespread distribution, thir ...
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone
Brain-derived neurotrophic factorBrain-derived neurotrophic factor
Exposure to stress and the stress hormone corticosterone has been shown to decrease the expression of BDNF in rats, and, if ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF
নিতম্বাস্থি - উইকিপিডিয়ানিতম্বাস্থি - উইকিপিডিয়া
পার্শ্ব থাইরয়েড গ্রন্থি (ফলকপার্শ্ব গ্রন্থি) (Parathyroid gland). *অধিবৃক্ক গ্রন্থি (অ্যাড্রিনাল গ্রন্থি) (Adrenal gland) ... উদ্বোধক (গ্রন্থিরস) (Hormone). এই নিবন্ধটি অসম্পূর্ণ। আপনি চাইলে এটিকে সম্প্রসারিত করে উইকিপিডিয়াকে সাহায্য করতে পারেন।. *দে ...
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/নিতম্বাস্থি
Adrenal medullaAdrenal medulla
Because the ANS, specifically the sympathetic division, exerts direct control over the chromaffin cells, the hormone release ... Rather than releasing a neurotransmitter, the cells of the adrenal medulla secrete hormones.[1] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla
Vitamin D deficiency in AustraliaVitamin D deficiency in Australia
... pairs with parathyroid hormone. Together they act to assemble cells in order to increase the calcium stores taken from bone. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency_in_Australia
BradykininBradykinin
Parathyroid hormone. *Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). *Semparatide. *Teriparatide. Relaxin. *Agonists: Insulin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradykinin
Tumor necrosis factor alphaTumor necrosis factor alpha
TNF can be produced ectopically in the setting of malignancy and parallels parathyroid hormone both in causing secondary ... In 1985, Bruce A. Beutler and Anthony Cerami discovered that cachectin (a hormone which induces cachexia) was actually TNF.[18] ... Stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by stimulating the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha
GPR120GPR120
hormone secretion. • negative regulation of apoptotic process. • response to peptide. • cellular response to hormone stimulus. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR120
Human digestive systemHuman digestive system
A peptide hormone, gastrin, produced by G cells in the gastric glands, stimulates the production of gastric juice which ... The bile is released in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) a peptide hormone released from the duodenum. The production of CCK ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system
Insulin-like growth factor 2Insulin-like growth factor 2
... together with luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, IGF2 acts as a co-hormone together with both FSH and LH.[10] ... hormone activity. • GO:0001948 protein binding. • growth factor activity. • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding. • ... Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin. The MeSH ... Fowden AL, Sibley C, Reik W, Constancia M (2006). "Imprinted genes, placental development and fetal growth". Hormone Research. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2
IcatibantIcatibant
Bradykinin is a peptide-based hormone that is formed locally in tissues, very often in response to a trauma. It increases ... Parathyroid hormone. *Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). *Semparatide. *Teriparatide. Relaxin. *Agonists: Insulin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icatibant
Vitamin D deficiencyVitamin D deficiency
... used to determine vitamin D status because it often is regulated by other hormones in the body such as parathyroid hormone.[44] ... neurosteroid hormone essential for the development of the brain and of its normal function.[3] ... to patients who have had their parathyroid glands removed (most commonly kidney dialysis patients who have had tertiary ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_deficiency
Adrenocorticotropic hormoneAdrenocorticotropic hormone
This article is about adrenocorticotropic hormone as a natural hormone. For adrenocorticotropic hormone as a medication and ... Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced by and ... Reference ranges for blood tests, showing adrenocorticotropic hormone (green at left) among the hormones with smallest ... of the pituitary gland in response to the hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released by the hypothalamus.[3] ACTH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone
HomeostasisHomeostasis
The parathyroid chief cells secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to a fall in the plasma ionized calcium level; the ... over-production of parathyroid hormone by a parathyroid adenoma resulting in the typically features of hyperparathyroidism, ... Parathyroid hormone (in high concentrations in the blood) causes bone resorption, releasing calcium into the plasma. This is a ... Angiotensin II is a hormone which acts on the adrenal cortex, causing the release into the blood of the steroid hormone, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis
Lactotropic cellLactotropic cell
... produces prolactin in response to hormonal signals including dopamine which is inhibitory and thyrotropin-releasing hormone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin_cell
Ephrin A4Ephrin A4
Parathyroid hormone-related protein. *Semaphorin. *Somatomedin. *Tolloid-like metalloproteinase. *Tumor necrosis factor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EFNA4
Glucagon-like peptide-2Glucagon-like peptide-2
Parathyroid hormone. *Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). *Semparatide. *Teriparatide. Relaxin. *Agonists: Insulin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide_2
Adenosine receptorAdenosine receptor
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1. *2). *Ghrelin. * Kisspeptin. *Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin. *MAS (1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_receptor
CCK-4CCK-4
Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone ... Parathyroid hormone. *Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). *Semparatide. *Teriparatide. Relaxin. *Agonists: Insulin- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCK-4
Breast developmentBreast development
... parathyroid hormone-like hormone); rs62314947 near AREG (amphiregulin);[82] as well as rs10086016 at 8p11.23 (which is in ... Hormones[edit]. The master regulators of breast development are the steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone, growth hormone ... and thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (and by extension thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone ( ... In contrast to the female-associated sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, the male-associated sex hormones, the androgens, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_development
Testicle - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTesticle - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One substance made by the testicles is a type of substance known as a hormone. It is the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is ... Adrenal gland - Corpus luteum - Hypothalamus - Ovaries - Pancreas - Parathyroid gland - Pineal gland - Pituitary gland - Testes ... Making hormonesEdit. Testicles are a type of organ called glands. (This makes them part of the body's endocrine system.) The ... This makes them part of the body's reproductive system.) Apart from hormones, the other important substances made by the ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testis
শুক্রাশয় - উইকিপিডিয়াশুক্রাশয় - উইকিপিডিয়া
পার্শ্ব থাইরয়েড গ্রন্থি (ফলকপার্শ্ব গ্রন্থি) (Parathyroid gland). *অধিবৃক্ক গ্রন্থি (অ্যাড্রিনাল গ্রন্থি) (Adrenal gland) ...
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/শুক্রাশয়
ThyroidectomyThyroidectomy
The thyroid produces several hormones, such as thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin.After the removal of a ... in the vicinity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve entry point and the superior parathyroid gland. ... Toxic thyroid nodule (produces too much thyroid hormone). *Multinodular goiter (enlarged thyroid gland with many nodules), ... need for lifelong thyroid hormone replacement, bleeding, infection, and the remote possibility of airway obstruction due to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroidectomy
Human digestive system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHuman digestive system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For example, the pancreas, thyroid, liver, and parathyroids are also endocrine glands that make hormones like insulin. ... Salivary glands, lips, teeth, tongue, epiglottis, thyroid, and parathyroids. Food does not go through these organs. But they ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gut
പ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ EP3 റിസപ്റ്റർ - വിക്കിപീഡിയപ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ EP3 റിസപ്റ്റർ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
"Impaired adrenocorticotropic hormone response to bacterial endotoxin in mice deficient in prostaglandin E receptor EP1 and EP3 ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/പ്രോസ്റ്റാഗ്ലാൻഡിൻ_EP3_റിസപ്റ്റർ
Parathyroid hormone receptor - WikipediaParathyroid hormone receptor - Wikipedia
These receptors bind parathyroid hormone and are members of the GPCR family of transmembrane proteins. parathyroid hormone 1 ... Parathyroid+Hormone+Receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Parathyroid Hormone ... Jüppner H (1994). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor ... Offermanns S, Iida-Klein A, Segre GV, Simon MI (1996). "G alpha q family members couple parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone_receptor
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone - WikipediaRecombinant human parathyroid hormone - Wikipedia
Subcutaneous administration of parathyroid hormone into the abdomen produces a rapid increase in plasma parathyroid hormone ... The skeletal effects of parathyroid hormone depend upon the pattern of systemic exposure. Transient elevations in parathyroid ... Recombinant human parathyroid hormone is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of ... Recombinant human parathyroid hormone, sold under the brand names Preotact and Natpara, is an artificially manufactured form of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_human_parathyroid_hormone
parathyroid hormone | Infopleaseparathyroid hormone | Infoplease
... a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphate in the body. It has been ... parathyroid hormone or parathormone, a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the metabolism of calcium and ... Parathyroid hormone acts to raise the extracellular calcium concentration, that is, the concentration of calcium ions in the ... the disease associated with a deficiency in parathyroid hormone secretion, is characterized by muscle spasms leading eventually ...
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/biochemistry/concepts/parathyroid-hormone
Parathyroid hormone -- Britannica Online EncyclopediaParathyroid hormone -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone, substance produced and secreted by the parathyroid ... Magnesium controls parathyroid hormone secretion in a similar fashion.. PTH has multiple actions, all of which result in an ... In addition, parathyroid hormone plays a role in the regulation of magnesium metabolism by increasing its excretion. Magnesium ... When serum calcium concentrations increase, more calcium binds to the receptors, causing a decrease in parathyroid hormone ...
https://www.britannica.com/print/article/443312
Recombinant human parathyroid hormone | The BMJRecombinant human parathyroid hormone | The BMJ
The application was partly based on solid evidence that parathyroid hormone, given as a daily injection for several weeks or ... The first experiments showing an anabolic effect of parathyroid hormone on bone in young rats took place in various North ... The hearings advisory panel voted unanimously in favour of the parathyroid hormone and approval could be expected after ... which showed that treatment with parathyroid hormone reduced spine fractures by 66% to 90% (according to whether smaller ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/324/7335/435
Intra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone Measurement | Encyclopedia.comIntra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone Measurement | Encyclopedia.com
HypoparathyroidismRisks Associated with IOPTH Measurement Source for information on Intra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone ... Intra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone MeasurementDefinitionDemographicDescriptionHow IOPTH Measurement is PerformedIOPTH ... Intra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone (IOPTH) Measurement is a method of monitoring the blood for levels of parathyroid hormone ( ... Intra-Operative Parathyroid Hormone Measurement. Updated About encyclopedia.com content Print Article Share Article ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/intra-operative-parathyroid-hormone-measurement
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaParathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
The PTH test measures the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood. ... PTH stands for parathyroid hormone. It is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland. ... PTH is released by the parathyroid glands. The 4 small parathyroid glands are located in the neck, near or attached to the back ... The PTH test measures the level of parathyroid hormone in the blood. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003690.htm
PTH parathyroid hormone [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBIPTH parathyroid hormone [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
parathyroid hormone. Names. parathormone. parathyrin. parathyroid hormone 1. prepro-PTH. preproparathyroid hormone. ... PTH parathyroid hormone [Homo sapiens] PTH parathyroid hormone [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:5741 ... Family B GPCRs include secretin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide... ... The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a protein that binds to the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?LinkName=pubmed_gene_citedinomim&from_uid=6220408
parathyroid hormoneparathyroid hormone
... is usually given after calcium and vitamin D alone have been tried without success. Parathyroid hormone is ... in people who also have low levels of parathyroid hormone. ... Parathyroid hormone is used together with calcium and vitamin D ... What is parathyroid hormone?. Parathyroid hormone is used together with calcium and vitamin D to treat hypocalcemia (low levels ... What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using parathyroid hormone?. You should not use parathyroid hormone if ...
https://www.rexhealth.com/rh/health-library/document-viewer/?id=d06650a1
Parathyroid hormone-related protein blood test: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaParathyroid hormone-related protein blood test: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
... test measures the level of a hormone in the blood, called parathyroid hormone-related protein. ... The parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-RP) test measures the level of a hormone in the blood, called parathyroid hormone- ... Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams Textbook of ... The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003691.htm
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune FunctionEffects of Parathyroid Hormone on Immune Function
... Abdallah Sassine Geara,1 Mario R. Castellanos,1 Claude Bassil,1 Georgia ... E. Bogin, S. G. Massry, and I. Harary, "Effect of parathyroid hormone on rat heart cells," Journal of Clinical Investigation, ... D. Myetes, E. Bogin, A. Ma, P. P. Dukes, and S. G. Massry, "Effect of parathyroid hormone on erythropoiesis," Journal of ... E. Bogin, S. G. Massry, J. Levi, M. Djaldeti, G. Bristol, and J. Smith, "Effect of parathyroid hormone on osmotic fragility of ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2010/418695/ref/
Parathyroid Hormone for Hypoparathyroidism | DailyStrengthParathyroid Hormone for Hypoparathyroidism | DailyStrength
Tell us about your personal experience with Parathyroid Hormone as a treatment: Has it worked? Have you had any issues? Any ... which is the human parathyroid hormone, now to be approved any day by the FDA. The human parathyroid hormone will be called ... Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands, leading to decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). ... I will say that the patients who took the human parathyroid hormone in the trials did very well on it and I have done well on ...
https://www.dailystrength.org/group/hypoparathyroidism/discussion/parathyroid-hormone-for-hypoparathyroidism
Parathyroid hormone - WikipediaParathyroid hormone - Wikipedia
hormone activity. • parathyroid hormone receptor binding. • type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding. • protein N-terminus ... Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that ... Media related to Parathyroid hormone at Wikimedia Commons. *Parathyroid hormone: analyte monograph - the Association for ... PTH is parathyroid hormone, 1,25 OH VIT D3 is calcitriol or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, and CALCITONIN is a hormone secreted by ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone
What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia?What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia?
Parathyroid hormone-related protein: elevated levels in both humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and hypercalcemia complicating ... Identifying Parathyroid Hormone Disorders and Their Phenotypes Through a Bone Health Screening Panel ... encoded search term (What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia?) and What is the ... What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia?. Updated: Apr 11, 2018 ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/766373-122617/874690-overview
NHANES 2005-2006: Parathyroid Hormone Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 2005-2006: Parathyroid Hormone Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
LBXPT21 - Parathyroid Hormone(Elecys method) pg/mL. Variable Name: LBXPT21. SAS Label: Parathyroid Hormone(Elecys method) pg/mL ... Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84 amino acid peptide produced by the parathyroid gland. Since the PTH molecule undergoes ... intact parathyroid hormone. This Elecsys 1010 method is for the in vitro quantitative determination of intact parathyroid ... Parathyroid Hormone(Elecys method) pg/mL. Target: Both males and females 6 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or Value. Value Description ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/PTH_D.htm
Parathyroid hormone Subcutaneous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comParathyroid hormone Subcutaneous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
Detailed drug Information for parathyroid hormone Subcutaneous. Includes common brand names, drug descriptions, warnings, side ... Proper Use of parathyroid hormone. A doctor or other trained health professional will give you parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid ... Pharmacologic Class: Parathyroid. Uses For parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone injection is used together with calcium and ... Do not use parathyroid hormone together with alendronate (Fosamax®).. Parathyroid hormone may increase your risk of having ...
https://www.drugs.com/cons/parathyroid-hormone-subcutaneous.html
Hypocalcemia Medication: Calcium, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone AnalogsHypocalcemia Medication: Calcium, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone Analogs
Parathyroid Hormone Analogs. Class Summary. Recombinant human parathyroid hormone may be required in addition to calcium and ... Silver J, Yalcindag C, Sela-Brown A, Kilav R, Naveh-Many T. Regulation of the parathyroid hormone gene by vitamin D, calcium ... Parathyroid hormone raises serum calcium by increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption, increasing intestinal calcium ... Patients with hypocalcemia due to resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) generally will require long-term therapy with vitamin ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/241893-medication
Parathyroid hormone - Medical Dictionary / Glossary | MedindiaParathyroid hormone - Medical Dictionary / Glossary | Medindia
Parathyroid hormone - A hormone released by the parathyroid glands that plays a role in controlling calcium levels in the bloo ... Medical Word - Parathyroid hormone. Ans : A hormone released by the parathyroid glands that plays a role in controlling calcium ... Parathyroid hormone - Glossary. Written & Compiled by Medindia Content Team. Medically Reviewed by The Medindia Medical Review ...
https://www.medindia.net/glossary/parathyroid_hormone.htm
Pth parathyroid hormone [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene - NCBIPth parathyroid hormone [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene - NCBI
Pth parathyroid hormone [Rattus norvegicus] Pth parathyroid hormone [Rattus norvegicus]. Gene ID:24694 ... Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium ... Title: Effects of FGF-23-mediated ERK/MAPK signaling pathway on parathyroid hormone secretion of parathyroid cells in rats with ... Title: Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/24694
parathyroid hormoneparathyroid hormone
... and hormone antagonists hormone substitutes hormones , hormones , peptide hormones , parathyroid hormone ... parathyroid hormone. Summary. Summary: A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which ... parathyroid glands*parathyroid hormone related protein*phosphates*calcitriol*chronic kidney failure*phosphorus*parathyroid ... b>Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), and its receptor, parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R), expressed in almost ...
https://www.labome.org/topics/chemicals/and/hormones/peptide/parathyroid-hormone-12158.html
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test | CignaParathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test | Cigna
Covers why and how parathyroid hormone tests are done. Covers what possible results might mean. Includes info on what might ... Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Test. Test Overview. A parathyroid hormone (PTH) blood test measures the level of parathyroid hormone ... A parathyroid gland growth (hyperplasia) or a parathyroid tumor.. *A low level of calcium in the blood. A low blood calcium ... PTH is made by the parathyroid glands , which are four pea-sized glands that lie behind the thyroid gland . If the blood ...
https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medical-tests/parathyroid-hormone-test-hw8101
What tests measure parathyroid hormone levels? | Zocdoc AnswersWhat tests measure parathyroid hormone levels? | Zocdoc Answers
Parathyroid hormone is hormone substance released by your parathyroid glands. It functions in the regulation of Calcium and ... Parathyroid hormone is made in the parathyroid glands which are located in the neck. There are usually 4 parathyroid glands - 2 ... Parathyroid hormone is hormone substance released by your parathyroid glands. It functions in the regulation of Calcium and ... As parathyroid hormone is made in the glands, it is secreted into the blood-stream and gets circulated throughout the body. ...
https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/7589/what-tests-measure-parathyroid-hormone-levels
Parathyroid Hormones and Calcium: How to Avoid HyperparathyroidismParathyroid Hormones and Calcium: How to Avoid Hyperparathyroidism
Skimp and you could trigger your parathyroid gland to spew our too much parathyroid hormone, according to a new study. ... which is marked by an uncontrolled release of the parathyroid hormone. In healthy bodies, the parathyroid hormone is gradually ... PHPT occurs when benign tumors on the parathyroid gland open the parathyroid hormone floodgates, causing symptoms such as ... a hormone condition that can suck the calcium from your bones and elsewhere if left untreated. In the 22-year-long Nurses ...
https://www.womenshealthmag.com/food/a19928589/do-you-get-enough-calcium/
Evaluation of Postural Parathyroid Hormone Change in Patients with Primary HyperparathyroidismEvaluation of Postural Parathyroid Hormone Change in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
... Cevdet Aydin. ,1 Sefika Burcak ... G. el-Hajj Fuleihan, E. B. Klerman, E. N. Brown, Y. Choe, E. M. Brown, and C. A. Czeisler, "The parathyroid hormone circadian ... D. F. Kripke, P. Lavie, D. Parker, L. Huey, and L. J. Deftos, "Plasma parathyroid hormone and calcium are related to sleep ... R. P. Shrestha, C. V. Hollot, S. R. Chipkin, C. P. Schmitt, and Y. Chait, "A mathematical model of parathyroid hormone response ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2014/628010/
JCI - Parathyroid hormone regulates fates of murine osteoblast precursors in vivoJCI - Parathyroid hormone regulates fates of murine osteoblast precursors in vivo
Parathyroid hormone regulates fates of murine osteoblast precursors in vivo. Deepak H. Balani,1 Noriaki Ono,1,2 and Henry M. ... Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine MA, Marcocci C, Silverberg SJ, Potts JT, eds. The ... Parathyroid hormone (PTH) acts as a major regulator of mammalian calcium homeostasis, partly through actions on bone (1). When ... Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration converts quiescent lining cells to active osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res. 2012; ...
https://jci.org/articles/view/91699
7 Day Continuous Parathyroid Hormone IV Infusion - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov7 Day Continuous Parathyroid Hormone IV Infusion - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
... a comparison of human parathyroid hormone 1-34, parathyroid hormone-related protein 1-36, and SDZ-parathyroid hormone 893. J ... Parathyroid Hormone - 2 Picomoles/kg/hr. Parathyroid Hormone(1-34) - 4 Picomoles/kg/hr Total ... A G protein-linked receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Science. 1991 Nov 15;254(5034): ... Six-month daily administration of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein peptides to adult ovariectomized ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00377312
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death | HypertensionVitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death | Hypertension
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death. Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study. Rajat Deo, Ronit Katz, ... Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death. Rajat Deo, Ronit Katz, Michael G. Shlipak, Nona Sotoodehnia, Bruce M ... Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Sudden Cardiac Death. Rajat Deo, Ronit Katz, Michael G. Shlipak, Nona Sotoodehnia, Bruce M ... Parathyroid hormone has a prosclerotic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2003;26:27-33. ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/58/6/1021
RCSB PDB - 2L1X: The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related ProteinRCSB PDB - 2L1X: The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein. Lin, K., Lin, D., You, Q., Liu, J.. To be published. ... The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb2L1X/pdb ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2L1X
Resistance to Vitamin D or Parathyroid Hormone - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govResistance to Vitamin D or Parathyroid Hormone - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Resistance to Vitamin D or Parathyroid Hormone. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the ... Drug Information available for: Vitamin D Parathyroid Hormone Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Rickets ... Patients with confirmed or suspected conditions with a resistance to vitamin D or parathyroid hormone (PTH) will be admitted ... Patients with confirmed or suspected states with resistance to vitamin D or parathyroid hormone (PTH) will be admitted for ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00001242
Parathyroid hormone and fracture healingParathyroid hormone and fracture healing
... Aspenberg, Per Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ... This annotation describes some early rat studies which conclude that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has more dramatic stimulatory ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A612419&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
GlandIntact parathyroid hormoneEffect of parathyroid hormonePeptideProteinSecretion of parathyroid hormonePTHrPHyperparathyroidismReceptorParathormoneBoneReleased by the parathyroid glandsHypoparathyroidismDose of parathyroid hormoneResistance to parathyroid hormoneRegulatesReceptorsConcentrationsRecombinantPhosphorusRisks of receiving parathyroProblem with your parathyroid glandsAction of parathyroid hormoneFunction of parathyroid hormoneTreatment with parathyroid hormoneHypersecretion of parathyroid hormoneLevelsVitamin D and parathyroidInject parathyroid hormoneAdenomasHypocalcemiaNatparaRatsHypercalcemiaCalcitoninActivity of the parathyroidConcentrationAssayFragment 1-34SecretesCyclic adenosine monEndogenousKidneyHumanAmino acid residuesGlands are removedUremicAbnormal calciumPatients
Gland36
  • The parathyroid glands are located in the neck area usually behind or within the thyroid gland . (encyclopedia.com)
  • The parathyroid gland releases PTH in response to low blood calcium. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Approximately 85% of parathyroid glands are found behind the thyroid gland , but they can be located anywhere between the jaw and the chest (very rarely). (encyclopedia.com)
  • The Parathyroid Gland releases PTH which keeps Calcium in homeostasis. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTH is parathyroid hormone, 1,25 OH VIT D 3 is calcitriol or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , and CALCITONIN is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland when the plasma ionized calcium level is high or rising. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84 amino acid peptide produced by the parathyroid gland. (cdc.gov)
  • The secretory activity of the parathyroid gland can be determined by the selective measurement of the (mainly) intact parathyroid hormone. (cdc.gov)
  • PTH is made by the parathyroid glands , which are four pea-sized glands that lie behind the thyroid gland . (cigna.com)
  • A parathyroid gland growth (hyperplasia) or a parathyroid tumor. (cigna.com)
  • There have been instances where a 5th parathyroid gland has been found in certain individuals, but this is a relatively rare anatomic variation and is not generally significant from the standpoint of parathyroid levels or production. (zocdoc.com)
  • PHPT occurs when benign tumors on the parathyroid gland open the parathyroid hormone floodgates, causing symptoms such as fragile, sometimes painful bones, kidney stones , nausea , fatigue, and depression. (womenshealthmag.com)
  • PTH excess represents, in part, inadequate vitamin D activity, because the parathyroid gland is an established target of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Thus, lower serum 25-OHD and higher serum PTH concentrations in combination may identify individuals who are at the highest risk of SCD. (ahajournals.org)
  • IHC-P: Human parathyroid gland tissue. (abcam.com)
  • [1] ) While PTH acts to increase the concentration of ionic calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the blood , calcitonin , a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid gland , acts to decrease ionic calcium concentration. (wikidoc.org)
  • Damage to the parathyroid gland , which can by caused by neck surgery or radiation treatments. (peacehealth.org)
  • Our parathyroid gland secretes different types of PTH. (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland, which helps regulate the body's calcium and phosphorus levels. (cardiosmart.org)
  • Under conditions of dietary Ca restriction, a decrement in serum Ca concentration induces release of PTH from the parathyroid gland. (genome.jp)
  • BACKGROUND: Intra-operative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have successfully been used to assess surgical ablation of parathyroid adenomas, the use of this same test to predict preservation of viable gland has not been widely used. (smw.ch)
  • If levels were reduced, or less than 3 parathyroid glands were detected, removed thyroid gland was examined for unintentionally removed parathyroid tissue for possible auto transplantation. (smw.ch)
  • Careful dissection and aid of the operating microscope should preserve the important structures in close vicinity to the thyroid gland, namely, the parathyroid glands and the laryngeal nerves. (smw.ch)
  • causes of such a drop of parathyroid levels may be due to several reasons, such as inadvertent excision of a parathyroid gland(s), which according to Lin et al. (smw.ch)
  • A hormone (from greek ὁρμή, "impetus") is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. (healthtap.com)
  • If you have a primary parathyroid gland disorder, then it is the gland (s) secreting too much. (healthtap.com)
  • The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in your body. (healthtap.com)
  • Parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid gland. (healthtap.com)
  • The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is a growth on your parathyroid gland causing overproduction of this hormone. (healthtap.com)
  • It is a protein hormone released by the parathyroid gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The 4 tiny parathyroid glands are located in the neck, near or attached to the back side of the thyroid gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • The parathyroid hormone ( PTH ) is secreted by the parathyroid gland , four small glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland . (healthhype.com)
  • Over- or underactivity of the parathyroid gland ultimately impacts on the blood and urine calcium levels due to an excess or deficiency of parathyroid hormone. (healthhype.com)
  • Smaller peptide fragments of just 34 amino acids are also found in the parathyroid gland and have a similar but longer lasting effect than PTH. (healthhype.com)
  • This regulation is tightly controlled and by bypassing intermediate regulation by releasing hormones, the parathyroid gland can change the circulating calcium and phosphate calcium levels almost immediately. (healthhype.com)
  • If there is any chronic deficiency of calcium, the parathyroid gland will expand in size (hypertrophy) to compensate for sustained PTH secretion. (healthhype.com)
  • Secondly, giving i.v. vitamin D3 at commencement of dialysis we investigated whether 1 alpha (OH)D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 acutely modifies the responsiveness of the parathyroid gland to the suppressive effect of increased serum calcium. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • We conclude that the suppressibility of hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients can be evaluated by different calcium concentrations of dialysate, and that i.v. vitamin D3 does not acutely modify the responsiveness of the parathyroid gland to the effect of calcium. (unboundmedicine.com)
Intact parathyroid hormone7
  • This Elecsys 1010 method is for the in vitro quantitative determination of intact parathyroid hormone in human serum and plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • In populations with chronic kidney disease, low levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25[OH]2D, and high levels of intact parathyroid hormone have been suggested to explain the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality. (eurekalert.org)
  • Dr. Jassal continued, "After adjusting for age alone, there was no independent association between serum levels of 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, or intact parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular mortality. (eurekalert.org)
  • We hypothesized that a higher serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level is associated with the higher likelihood of hyperphosphatemia, hyperphosphatasemia [high serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels] and hypercalcemia. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The PTH Intact test measures the amount of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body. (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • ABD was suspected because of low normal serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations (range 2.5-54 ng/L, reference range 10-65 ng/L), intermittently increased serum calcium concentrations (range 88-107 mg/L, reference range 84-105 mg/L), and severe osteoporosis. (aacc.org)
  • We studied the suppression of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in ten patients on chronic hemodialysis using different calcium concentrations of dialysate. (unboundmedicine.com)
Effect of parathyroid hormone5
  • The effect of parathyroid hormone on the uptake and retention of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in skeletal muscle cells. (nih.gov)
  • We previously reported the lack of a significant phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the fasted hamster 1 . (springer.com)
  • 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day) to reduce the hypercalcemic effect of parathyroid hormone in thyroparathyroidectomized rats was confirmed. (sciencemag.org)
  • Observations on the effect of parathyroid hormone on environmental blood lead concentrations in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • A study was made of the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on blood lead (7439921) concentrations in three situations without unusual lead exposures. (cdc.gov)
Peptide8
  • The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a protein that binds to the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor and regulates blood calcium and phosphate levels. (nih.gov)
  • The ratios of intact hormone to peptide fragments may vary from individual to individual as well as between patients with hyperparathyroidism or chronic renal failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Synthetic peptide within Human Parathyroid Hormone aa 50 to the C-terminus (internal sequence). (abcam.com)
  • In addition, we show that Ctsk deletion in osteocytes increased bone parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and prevented the decrease in serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) induced by lactation, but amplified the increase in serum 1,25-dyhydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. (jci.org)
  • PTH Intact is a peptide hormone made of 84 amino acids. (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was initially identified as a product of malignant tumors that mediates paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. (pnas.org)
  • The present invention is directed to peptide analogues of fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a method of using said analogues alone or in combination with a bisphosphonate or calcitonin to treat osteoporosis and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said analogues alone or in combination with a bisphosphonate or calcitonin. (google.com)
  • This hormone exerts its actions via binding to the PTH/PTH-related peptide receptor (PTH1R). (genome.jp)
Protein20
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein (or PTHrP ) is a protein member of the parathyroid hormone family . (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein has been shown to interact with KPNB1 [9] [10] and Arrestin beta 1 . (wikipedia.org)
  • As with other protein hormones , PTH is synthesized as a large inactive prohormone. (britannica.com)
  • At the time of secretion the prohormone is split, and the active hormone (a protein containing 84 amino acids ) is released from the inactive precursor. (britannica.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein: elevated levels in both humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and hypercalcemia complicating metastatic breast cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-RP) test measures the level of a hormone in the blood, called parathyroid hormone-related protein. (drugs.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein ("PTHrP") is a 139 to 173 amino acid-protein with N-terminal homology to PTH. (google.com)
  • A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activities that are similar to PARATHYROID HORMONE. (curehunter.com)
  • Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells results in humoral calcemia of malignancy. (curehunter.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is produced by prostate carcinoma cells and tumors, but little is known of its role in prostate carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Tannehill Gregg S, Kergosien E, Rosol T. Feline head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line: characterization, production of parathyroid hormone-related protein, and regulation by transforming growth factor-beta. (labome.org)
  • Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P2 by NF-kappaB in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (labome.org)
  • Sellers R, Capen C, Rosol T. Messenger RNA stability of parathyroid hormone-related protein regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1. (labome.org)
  • Combination radioprotectors maintain proliferation better than single agents by decreasing early parathyroid hormone-related protein changes after growth plate irradiation. (labome.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is known to induce bone resorption by activating RANKL as well as PTH. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was originally identified as a major factor responsible for humoral hypercalcemia in malignant tumors such as lung and breast carcinomas ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Low free 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high vitamin D binding protein and parathyroid hormone in obese Caucasians. (plos.org)
  • Functional roles of the nuclear localization signal of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in osteoblastic cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Mg was administered intravenously, and serum concentrations of PTH, parathyroid hormone‑related protein (PTH‑rP), creatinine and Mg were prospectively measured. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Therefore, PTH or parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP), which was previously reported to be secreted by certain types of tumor cell, including ESCC ( 14 ), may influence the physiological regulation of Mg homeostasis and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy. (spandidos-publications.com)
Secretion of parathyroid hormone4
  • FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. (abcam.com)
  • What are the symptoms of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone? (healthtap.com)
  • The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by what? (healthtap.com)
  • The secretion of parathyroid hormone is dependent on the calcium levels of the blood and not the action of any releasing-hormones. (healthhype.com)
PTHrP6
  • PTHrP acts as an endocrine , autocrine , paracrine , and intracrine hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTHrP is related in function to the "normal" parathyroid hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • PTHrP shares the same N-terminal end as parathyroid hormone and therefore it can bind to the same receptor, the Type I PTH receptor ( PTHR1 ). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is now known that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTHrP genes are evolutionarily related and that the products of these two genes share a common receptor, the PTH/PTHrP receptor. (pnas.org)
  • To determine the mechanism of action of PTHrP in prostate cancer cells, the parathyroid hormone/PTHrP receptor status of the cells was determined. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These cell lines did not demonstrate parathyroid hormone/PTHrP receptor-mediated binding of iodinated PTHrP or steady-state receptor message by Northern blot analysis, but they did have a detectable receptor message by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. (aacrjournals.org)
Hyperparathyroidism11
  • Hyperparathyroidism, the result of oversecretion of the hormone, often leads to the resorption of bone and can only be treated by the surgical removal of all of the parathyroid glands, which can be found in unusual locations. (infoplease.com)
  • Increased PTH secretion is known as hyperparathyroidism and may be caused by a benign tumour in one of the parathyroid glands or by vitamin D deficiency or kidney disease. (britannica.com)
  • One form of abnormal parathyroid function is hyperparathyroidism. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is a parathyroid adenoma. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Title: Effects of FGF-23-mediated ERK/MAPK signaling pathway on parathyroid hormone secretion of parathyroid cells in rats with secondary hyperparathyroidism. (nih.gov)
  • But a new study suggests that skimping on this vital mineral could increase your risk of developing hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), a hormone condition that can suck the calcium from your bones and elsewhere if left untreated. (womenshealthmag.com)
  • The causes of hypercalcemia that result in elevated parathyroid hormone level are few including familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia (FHH), lithium-induced hypercalcemia, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. (hindawi.com)
  • A subset of patients had calcium levels within the reference range with elevated parathyroid hormone, so-called normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A parathyroid test is used to diagnose certain parathyroid conditions, including hypoparathyroidism (underactive parathyroid) and hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid). (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • Renal Resistance to Parathyroid Hormone with Osteitis Fibrosa "Hypo-Hyperparathyroidism. (annals.org)
  • Hyperparathyroidism is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands in your neck produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). (stlukes-stl.com)
Receptor9
  • parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is the classical PTH receptor, is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R) is expressed primarily in the central nervous system, pancreas, testis, and placenta. (wikipedia.org)
  • Magnesium modulates parathyroid hormone secretion and upregulates parathyroid receptor expression at moderately low calcium concentration. (nih.gov)
  • effective hormone-receptor interaction requires solely the 34-N-terminal amino acids. (wikidoc.org)
  • PTH essentially acts to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood by acting upon the parathyroid hormone 1 receptor , which is present at high levels in bone and kidney, and the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor , which is present at high levels in the central nervous system, pancreas, testes, and placenta. (wikidoc.org)
  • Investigating the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor → inositol phosphate pathway, we report here that GRKs can inhibit receptor signaling already under nonphosphorylating conditions. (pnas.org)
  • Thus, we wondered whether GRKs might inhibit hormone receptor functions before receptor phosphorylation and binding of β-arrestins. (pnas.org)
  • Our studies were done with the receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH). (pnas.org)
  • Deliver accurate, reproducible results with the Thermo Scientific Parathyroid Hormone Receptor (PTH-Receptor) Type 1 Ab-1, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody. (fishersci.com)
  • Anabolic action of parathyroid hormone regulated by the β2-adrenergic receptor. (asbmr.org)
Parathormone6
  • parathyroid hormone or parathormone, a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphate in the body. (infoplease.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates the serum calcium concentration through its effects on bone, kidney, and intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) , also called parathormone , substance produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium concentration. (britannica.com)
  • PTH, also known as parathormone, is made by your parathyroid glands . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Parathyroid hormone ( PTH ), also called parathormone or parathyrin , is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling , which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time. (wikidoc.org)
  • What does parathyroid hormone (parathormone) work together with? (healthtap.com)
Bone25
  • Parathyroid hormone 1 receptors, activated by the 34 N-terminal amino acids of PTH, are present at high levels on the cells of bone and kidney. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone regulates serum calcium through its effects on bone, kidney, and the intestine: In bone, PTH enhances the release of calcium from the large reservoir contained in the bones. (wikipedia.org)
  • The application was partly based on solid evidence that parathyroid hormone, given as a daily injection for several weeks or months in experimental animals, increases bone mass and strength. (bmj.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone injection may cause osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in laboratory rats. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In animal studies, parathyroid hormone caused bone cancer. (rexhealth.com)
  • Evaluation of bone mineral status will utilize an evaluation of vitamin D status based on two analytes: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH). (cdc.gov)
  • Parathyroid hormone raises serum calcium by increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption, increasing intestinal calcium absorption, and increasing bone turnover. (medscape.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates. (labome.org)
  • Teriparatide, a type of parathyroid hormone, is approved for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in men who are at high risk of breaking a bone. (nof.org)
  • Teriparatide, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone (PTH), is the only approved treatment for osteoporosis that increases the rate of bone formation. (jci.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has potent bone-building actions and has been approved for the treatment of osteoporosis as FORTEO by Eli Lilly & Co. Numerous studies have verified its effectiveness in increasing bone mass and potential for PTH to positively impact oral bone. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Parathyroid hormone is an endogenous hormone with potent anabolic and catabolic actions in bone. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a critical regulator of skeletal development that promotes both bone formation and bone resorption. (jci.org)
  • This annotation describes some early rat studies which conclude that parathyroid hormone (PTH) has more dramatic stimulatory effects on bone repair than on untraumatized bone. (diva-portal.org)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone formation and thereby improves bone density and bone strength in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a parathyroid-secreted polypeptide hormone that increases the level of calcium in blood by enhancing calcium mobilization from bone, increasing the calcium:phosphate ratio in the kidney and promoting the absorption of calcium by the intestines. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates receptors on osteocytes to orchestrate bone formation and resorption. (harvard.edu)
  • Two recent reports have made the provocative suggestion that parathyroid hormone (PTH) and, by implication, bone play a critical role in the early phase of acid buffering. (biomedsearch.com)
  • D uring recent years , a number of animal studies have demonstrated that intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration induces anabolic effects on both cancellous and cortical bone. (wiley.com)
  • The results of these studies suggest that parathyroid function as related to its influence on bone follows the same pattern in the frog as has been reported previously for the rat. (rice.edu)
  • EB613 is an orally delivered human parathyroid hormone (1-34), or PTH, drug candidate positioned as the first potential once daily, oral, bone building (anabolic) treatment for osteoporosis patients. (globenewswire.com)
  • Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone causes elevation of blood calcium and that will cause elevation of urine calcium which may lead to kidney stones and bone pain . (healthtap.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone is critical for maintaining a normal blood calcium level through its actions on bone, kidney and indirectly on the intestine . (healthtap.com)
  • The hormone is regulated by the calcium and phosphate levels in the blood and acts primarily on the bone and kidneys to increase circulating levels of calcium. (healthhype.com)
  • however, large amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH) influence serum Mg concentrations by affecting loop of Henle and bone resorption ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Released by the parathyroid glands1
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released by the parathyroid glands. (stlukes-stl.com)
Hypoparathyroidism6
  • thus hypoparathyroidism, the disease associated with a deficiency in parathyroid hormone secretion, is characterized by muscle spasms leading eventually to generalized convulsions and various psychiatric symptoms. (infoplease.com)
  • Decreased PTH secretion, known as hypoparathyroidism , results from destruction or surgical removal of the parathyroid glands. (britannica.com)
  • Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands, leading to decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH). (dailystrength.org)
  • Emergency treatment is usually only needed for certain patients, such as those with primary hypoparathyroidism, or hypoparathyroidism that is secondary to procedures that have been used to correct excessive levels of thyroid hormone or excessive levels of parathyroid hormone -- that is, procedures that have been medically used to lower the amount of parathyroid hormone in the blood, and have resulted in levels of parathyroid hormone that are now too low. (petmd.com)
  • AIM: to test the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative rapid PTH assay test in predicting permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism, and applicability to guide the search for inadvertently removed parathyroid glands for possible auto transplantation. (smw.ch)
  • CONCLUSION: Intraoperative PTH assay may allow intraoperative monitoring of parathyroid function, predicting postoperative outcomes, may identify patients at risk of developing postoperative hypoparathyroidism, guiding surgeons to re-examine removed specimens for inadvertently removed parathyroid tissue with possible auto transplantation, or more practically a guide to early replacement therapy to prevent hypocalcaemia, leading to safe and early hospital discharge. (smw.ch)
Dose of parathyroid hormone2
  • Do not take more than 1 dose of parathyroid hormone in the same day. (drugs.com)
  • Infusion of a submaximally phosphaturic dose of parathyroid hormone, together with calcium chloride, into a second group of acute TPTX rats, however, had the effect of reproducing the striking declines in filtration rate and Kf noted in non-TPTX rats given calcium chloride alone. (nih.gov)
Resistance to parathyroid hormone3
  • Patients with hypocalcemia due to resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) generally will require long-term therapy with vitamin D and calcium supplementation. (medscape.com)
  • Two female patients, ages 10 and 17, with primary renal resistance to parathyroid hormone and osteitis fibrosa were studied. (annals.org)
  • In both patients there was renal resistance to parathyroid hormone. (annals.org)
Regulates3
Receptors5
  • Parathyroid hormone 2 receptors are present at high levels on the cells of central nervous system, pancreas, testes, and placenta. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two known parathyroid hormone receptors in mammals termed PTH1R and PTH2R. (wikipedia.org)
  • These receptors bind parathyroid hormone and are members of the GPCR family of transmembrane proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Serum calcium concentration is monitored by calcium-sensing receptors located on the surface of the parathyroid cells. (britannica.com)
  • When serum calcium concentrations increase, more calcium binds to the receptors, causing a decrease in parathyroid hormone secretion. (britannica.com)
Concentrations5
  • This potentiates the ability of parathyroid hormone to increase serum calcium concentrations because fewer insoluble calcium-phosphate complexes are formed when serum phosphate concentrations are low. (britannica.com)
  • A molecular model of parathyroid hormone (PTH), a hormone secreted by chief cells in the parathyroid glands, responsible for increasing calcium concentrations in the blood. (sciencephoto.com)
  • Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone concentrations are two important markers of cardiovascular and overall health. (cardiosmart.org)
  • Therefore, high concentrations of parathyroid hormones in the blood indicate a variety of health concerns, one of which is vitamin D deficiency. (cardiosmart.org)
  • OBJECTIVE To examine whether concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are associated with surrogate markers of insulin resistance (IR) in U.S. adults without physician-diagnosed diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Recombinant2
  • On 27 July the US Food and Drug Administration held a public hearing on an application for a licence for the use of recombinant human parathyroid hormone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. (bmj.com)
  • Recombinant human parathyroid hormone may be required in addition to calcium and vitamin D supplementation for hypocalcemia. (medscape.com)
Phosphorus3
  • Disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been implicated as novel risk factors for cardiovascular events. (ahajournals.org)
  • Just 6.7% of patients had target levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone a year after surgery. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. (genome.jp)
Risks of receiving parathyro1
  • Talk to your doctor about the risks of receiving parathyroid hormone injection. (medlineplus.gov)
Problem with your parathyroid glands1
  • PTH levels help your healthcare provider find out whether an abnormal calcium level is from a problem with your parathyroid glands or has another cause. (brighamandwomens.org)
Action of parathyroid hormone1
  • The data suggest that EHDP may have a direct effect on the renal action of parathyroid hormone and, in this way, may also affect vitamin D metabolism by the kidney. (sciencemag.org)
Function of parathyroid hormone3
  • What's the function of parathyroid hormone? (healthtap.com)
  • The main function of parathyroid hormone is to maintain a normal blood calcium level. (healthtap.com)
  • In order to understand the function of parathyroid hormone, it is important to look at in calcium and phosphate metabolism. (healthhype.com)
Treatment with parathyroid hormone1
  • Your doctor or pharmacist will give you the manufacturer's patient information sheet (Medication Guide) when you begin treatment with parathyroid hormone injection and each time you refill your prescription. (medlineplus.gov)
Hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone1
  • What does hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone result in? (healthtap.com)
Levels36
  • Parathyroid hormone injection should not be used to treat low levels of calcium in the blood in people whose condition can be controlled by calcium and vitamin D alone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If calcium blood levels are too low, your parathyroid glands will release PTH into the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For this reason calcium is the only mineral present in our bodies that has its own set of glands to regulate blood levels called the parathyroid glands. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The sole function of the parathyroid glands is to keep calcium levels within a narrow, safe, and functional range in the blood. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The parathyroid glands monitor present levels of blood calcium and use PTH to increase or decrease levels as necessary throughout the day. (encyclopedia.com)
  • In this disorder, one or more of the parathyroid glands secretes too much PTH despite high blood calcium levels. (encyclopedia.com)
  • With some parathyroid adenomas, blood levels may exceed 200 pg/ml, while others may be present with blood PTH still within the normal range. (encyclopedia.com)
  • While using parathyroid hormone, you may have high levels of calcium in your blood. (rexhealth.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone is used together with calcium and vitamin D to treat hypocalcemia (low levels of calcium in the blood) in people who also have low levels of parathyroid hormone. (rexhealth.com)
  • Immunologic disturbances and levels of parathyroid hormone in uremic patients in replacement dialysis therapy," Clinical Nephrology , vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 246-250, 1994. (hindawi.com)
  • Hypercalcemia of this disorder may remain mild for long periods because some parathyroid adenomas respond to the feedback generated by the elevated calcium levels. (medscape.com)
  • Do not take parathyroid hormone if you have Paget's disease, high levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood, radiation therapy of the bones, or if your bones have not finished growing. (drugs.com)
  • It is used to control low blood calcium levels in people who have low blood parathyroid hormone levels. (drugs.com)
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has an important role in the maintenance of serum calcium levels. (mdpi.com)
  • A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. (labome.org)
  • What tests measure parathyroid hormone levels? (zocdoc.com)
  • When an individuals blood calcium levels fall below a certain level, Parathyroid hormone production increases and is secreted into the bloodstream. (zocdoc.com)
  • Of course, when the calcium levels are high, parathyroid production (and therefore levels in the blood) decrease. (zocdoc.com)
  • Therefore the easiest and quickest way to assess parathyroid hormone levels is by a simple blood test. (zocdoc.com)
  • I strongly recommend that any diagnostic testing and possible treatment in relation to parathyroid hormone, Calcium and phosphate levels be discussed with your endocrinologist or internal medicine doctor. (zocdoc.com)
  • The major determinants of parathyroid (PTH) secretion are serum calcium (Ca) and vitamin D levels [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A change in posture, from the recumbent to upright position, leads to an increase in the plasma levels of several hormones, including cortisol, prolactin, renin, and aldosterone [ 13 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated greater risks of cardiovascular events and mortality among persons who have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. (ahajournals.org)
  • In a study published in the December 2010 issue of The American Journal of Medicine, investigators found that there was no independent association between serum levels of vitamin D or parathyroid hormone and cardiovascular mortality in this prospective study, the first in a population of older community-dwelling adults with a low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and a broad range of kidney function. (eurekalert.org)
  • A parathyroid test can help understand the cause of a low or high calcium levels. (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • Being the most frequently ordered parathyroid hormone test, PTH Intact helps diagnose the root cause of an abnormal increase or decrease in calcium levels. (healthtestingcenters.com)
  • However, most patients are being investigated for abnormal calcium levels and in non-parathyroid disease PTH levels should reflect calcium status (i.e. high calcium, low PTH). (southend.nhs.uk)
  • Together, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels are important markers that can tell a lot about an individual's health. (cardiosmart.org)
  • When calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormones are released by the body to help counteract this deficiency. (cardiosmart.org)
  • Elevated parathyroid hormone levels were associated with 30% increased risk for heart failure. (cardiosmart.org)
  • These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with increased risk for heart attack and death, and elevated parathyroid hormone levels are associated with heart failure. (cardiosmart.org)
  • As vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathyroid hormone levels are extremely common in older adults, it is important that adults get enough calcium and vitamin D to promote cardiovascular health. (cardiosmart.org)
  • The aim of this retrospective longitudinal naturalistic study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance lithium treatment on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels. (dovepress.com)
  • There were elevated plasma levels of parathyroid hormone as determined by radioimmunoassay in both patients. (annals.org)
  • The 4 patients who had parathyroid tissue reimplanted intraoperatively restored some of their parathyroid function as indicated by relative rise of their PTH levels, but did not reach even the low normal levels. (smw.ch)
  • Conversely, a persistent elevation in the calcium levels will cause the parathyroid glands to shrink in size. (healthhype.com)
Vitamin D and parathyroid1
  • The role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in metabolic syndrome and diabetes is receiving increased attention. (diabetesjournals.org)
Inject parathyroid hormone2
  • You can inject parathyroid hormone injection yourself or have a friend or relative perform the injections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Do not use a syringe to inject parathyroid hormone. (rexhealth.com)
Adenomas3
  • The surgical procedure and IOPTH measurement are usually performed on patients with parathyroid adenomas (benign tumors). (encyclopedia.com)
  • Parathyroid cancer is considered extremely rare, and adenomas make up most of the demographic for IOPTH measurement during parathyroidectomy. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Parathyroid adenomas may grow to the size of a walnut. (encyclopedia.com)
Hypocalcemia1
  • The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. (drugs.com)
Natpara3
  • Because of the risk of osteosarcoma with this medication, parathyroid hormone injection is only available through a special program called Natpara REMS. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All people who are prescribed parathyroid hormone injection must have a prescription from a doctor who is registered with Natpara REMS and have the prescription filled at a pharmacy that is registered with Natpara REMS in order to receive this medication. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The human parathyroid hormone will be called NatPara, produced by the NPS pharmaceutical co. (dailystrength.org)
Rats1
  • The influence of intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH(1-34)) administration on callus formation and mechanical strength of tibial fractures in rats was investigated after 20 and 40 days of healing. (wiley.com)
Hypercalcemia2
  • What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia? (medscape.com)
  • These findings suggest that the decline in filtration rate associated with hypercalcemia is due largely to the reduction in Kf, the latter dependent upon the presence of parathyroid hormone. (nih.gov)
Calcitonin2
  • Its action is opposed by the hormone calcitonin. (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] Its action is opposed by the hormone calcitonin . (wikipedia.org)
Activity of the parathyroid1
  • In addition, the distribution and frequency of osteoclasts in the various bones of this frog were examined to relate their occurrence with the state of activity of the parathyroid glands. (rice.edu)
Concentration2
  • Correlates of parathyroid hormone concentration in hemodialysis patients. (biomedsearch.com)
  • How the reference values for serum parathyroid hormone concentration are (or should be) established? (springer.com)
Assay1
  • Lepage R, Roy L, Brossard JH, Rousseau L, Dorais C, Lazure C et al (1998) A non (1-84) circulating parathyroid hormone fragment interferes significantly with intact PTH commercial assay in uremic samples. (springer.com)
Fragment 1-342
  • The N-terminal fragment 1-34 of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been crystallized and the structure has been refined to 0.9 Å resolution. (wikipedia.org)
  • Participants will receive synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 (hPTH 1-34) once-daily in a constant dose of 30 mcg/day. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Secretes2
  • In addition to hormones, the ________ secretes enzymes that function in digestion. (bartleby.com)
  • The Islet cell of pancreas performs an endocrine function and secretes two hormones: glucagon, and insulin. (bartleby.com)
Cyclic adenosine mon1
  • Urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) excretion was measured in one patient and failed to increase after the administration of parathyroid hormone. (annals.org)
Endogenous2
  • Independence of the acute acid-buffering response from endogenous parathyroid hormone. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The apparent exhaustion produced in the parathyroid tissue of lavaged frogs indicated that the lavage procedures produced a marked, though probably temporary, increase in endogenous parathyroid hormone production. (rice.edu)
Kidney1
  • Adenomatous Colon Polyps in Diabetes: Increased Prevalence in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Association with Parathyroid Hormone. (nih.gov)
Human6
  • Title: Effects of parathyroid hormone 1-34 on osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human fracture haematoma-derived cells in vitro. (nih.gov)
  • In answer to your question, I was selected for clinical trials on the new human parathyroid hormone (I-84) made by NPS. (dailystrength.org)
  • I will say that the patients who took the human parathyroid hormone in the trials did very well on it and I have done well on the Forteo. (dailystrength.org)
  • I am waiting for the 1-84 (NOT 1-184) which is the human parathyroid hormone, now to be approved any day by the FDA. (dailystrength.org)
  • The solution conformations of a selectively osteogenic 1-31 fragment of the human parathyroid hormone (hPTH), hPTH(1-31)NH(2), have been characterized by use of very high field NMR spectroscopy at 800 MHz. (rcsb.org)
  • BOSTON and JERUSALEM, Israel, Dec. 10, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Entera Bio Ltd. (NASDAQ: ENTX), a leader in the development of orally delivered large molecule therapeutics, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reviewed the company's Investigational New Drug (IND) application for EB613, orally delivered human parathyroid hormone (1-34), or PTH and informed Entera that it may proceed with its initial U.S. clinical trial. (globenewswire.com)
Amino acid residues1
  • The mature circulating form of the hormone is comprised of 84 amino acid residues. (google.com)
Glands are removed1
  • Therefore, even if all of your parathyroid glands are removed, you would develop symptoms over a short time--which the other mechanisms try to compensate. (healthtap.com)
Uremic1
  • Parathyroid hormone and T-cellular immunity in uremic patients in replacement dialytic therapy," Artificial Organs , vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 73-75, 1993. (hindawi.com)
Abnormal calcium1
  • Check to see whether a problem with the parathyroid glands is causing the abnormal calcium level. (cigna.com)
Patients4
  • Patients with confirmed or suspected conditions with a resistance to vitamin D or parathyroid hormone (PTH) will be admitted for diagnosis and treatment, and inclusion in other studies pertaining to similar conditions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Assessment of parathyroid activity in patients with chronic renal failure. (southend.nhs.uk)
  • A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology followed a total of 2,312 patients over 14 years to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and elevated parathyroid hormone with cardiovascular risk. (cardiosmart.org)
  • 2002)'s study occurred in 9% of patients undergoing thyroidectomy [4], as the majority of patients (95%) had two or less parathyroid glands in their excised specimens, in addition to induced capsular bleeding due to inadvertent incision which commonly occurred [5-7], or indirect injury to the glands by a very meticulous homeostasis technique, with subsequent avascular necrosis. (smw.ch)
Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis | SpringerLink
Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Parathyroid Hormone: A Uremic Toxin (mdpi.com)
Parathyroid Hormone - Stock Image - C017/6350 - Science Photo Library
Parathyroid Hormone - Stock Image - C017/6350 - Science Photo Library (sciencephoto.com)
PTH gene - Genetics Home Reference - NIH
PTH gene - Genetics Home Reference - NIH (ghr.nlm.nih.gov)
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in...
Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in... (bmj.com)
3 Overview of Vitamin D | Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D | The National Academies Press
3 Overview of Vitamin D | Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D | The National Academies Press (nap.edu)
JCI - Volume 55, Issue 4
JCI - Volume 55, Issue 4 (jci.org)
Resistance to Vitamin D or Parathyroid Hormone - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Resistance to Vitamin D or Parathyroid Hormone - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia?
What is the pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated hypercalcemia? (medscape.com)
Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels may not affect cardiovascular mortality | EurekAlert! Science News
Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels may not affect cardiovascular mortality | EurekAlert! Science News (eurekalert.org)
RCSB PDB - 2L1X: The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein
RCSB PDB - 2L1X: The Solution Structure Of Human Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (rcsb.org)
Parathyroid Hormone Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Renal and Urology News
Parathyroid Hormone Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Renal and Urology News (renalandurologynews.com)
Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) - Substance Information - ECHA
Human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) - Substance Information - ECHA (echa.europa.eu)
Intracellular Mechanisms Underlying the Phosphaturic Response to Parathyroid Hormone in the Hamster | SpringerLink
Intracellular Mechanisms Underlying the Phosphaturic Response to Parathyroid Hormone in the Hamster | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Glomerular Ultrafiltration in the Rat | SpringerLink
Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Glomerular Ultrafiltration in the Rat | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00200177 - Observations on the effect of parathyroid hormone on environmental blood lead...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00200177 - Observations on the effect of parathyroid hormone on environmental blood lead... (cdc.gov)
Parathyroid Hormone Effects in Rats Treated with Diphosphonate | Science
Parathyroid Hormone Effects in Rats Treated with Diphosphonate | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
Association between Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Inflammatory Markers among US Adults
Association between Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Inflammatory Markers among US Adults (hindawi.com)
The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review | BMC Medicine | Full Text
The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: a systematic review | BMC Medicine | Full Text (bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com)
Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor - DrugBank
Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor - DrugBank (drugbank.ca)
Vitamin D3 reduces parathyroid hormone in moderate kidney disease - MASSAGE Magazine
Vitamin D3 reduces parathyroid hormone in moderate kidney disease - MASSAGE Magazine (massagemag.com)
Parathyroid hormone | American Society of Nephrology
Parathyroid hormone | American Society of Nephrology (jasn.asnjournals.org)
Pseudohypoparathyroidism | Multimedia Encyclopedia | Health Information | St. Luke's Hospital
Pseudohypoparathyroidism | Multimedia Encyclopedia | Health Information | St. Luke's Hospital (stlukes-stl.com)
Contemporary Endocrinology | SpringerLink
Contemporary Endocrinology | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Vitamin D metabolism impairment in the rat's offspring following maternal exposure to 137cesium | SpringerLink
Vitamin D metabolism impairment in the rat's offspring following maternal exposure to 137cesium | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Bone tumor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Bone tumor: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
Association of renal function with bone mineral density and fracture risk in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam |...
Association of renal function with bone mineral density and fracture risk in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam |... (link.springer.com)
Antler development and coupled osteoporosis in the skeleton of red deer Cervus elaphus: expression dynamics for regulatory and...
Antler development and coupled osteoporosis in the skeleton of red deer Cervus elaphus: expression dynamics for regulatory and... (link.springer.com)
Chitinases as Biomarkers in Bone Studies | SpringerLink
Chitinases as Biomarkers in Bone Studies | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Parathyroid hormone and renal transplants | The BMJ
Parathyroid hormone and renal transplants | The BMJ (bmj.com)
Appendix B: Some Common Abbreviations: MedlinePlus
Appendix B: Some Common Abbreviations: MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)