Parasitemia
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Plasmodium falciparum
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Antimalarials
Babesiosis
Plasmodium
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
Malaria, Vivax
Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic
Plasmodium vivax
Babesia
Babesia microti
Trypanosomiasis, African
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.
Trypanosoma congolense
Malaria, Cerebral
A condition characterized by somnolence or coma in the presence of an acute infection with PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (and rarely other Plasmodium species). Initial clinical manifestations include HEADACHES; SEIZURES; and alterations of mentation followed by a rapid progression to COMA. Pathologic features include cerebral capillaries filled with parasitized erythrocytes and multiple small foci of cortical and subcortical necrosis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p136)
Antigens, Protozoan
Artemisinins
Erythrocytes
Chloroquine
Aotus trivirgatus
Kenya
Plasmodium malariae
Malaria Vaccines
Trypanosoma
Pyrimethamine
Papua New Guinea
A country consisting of the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and adjacent islands, including New Britain, New Ireland, the Admiralty Islands, and New Hanover in the Bismarck Archipelago; Bougainville and Buka in the northern Solomon Islands; the D'Entrecasteaux and Trobriand Islands; Woodlark (Murua) Island; and the Louisiade Archipelago. It became independent on September 16, 1975. Formerly, the southern part was the Australian Territory of Papua, and the northern part was the UN Trust Territory of New Guinea, administered by Australia. They were administratively merged in 1949 and named Papua and New Guinea, and renamed Papua New Guinea in 1971.
Sulfadoxine
Malawi
Plasmodium cynomolgi
Aotidae
Trypanosoma lewisi
Merozoite Surface Protein 1
Drug Combinations
Trypanocidal Agents
Gabon
Trypanosoma vivax
An active blood parasite that is present in practically all domestic animals in Africa, the West Indies, and parts of Central and South America. In Africa, the insect vector is the tsetse fly. In other countries, infection is by mechanical means indicating that the parasites have been introduced to these countries and have been able to maintain themselves in spite of the lack of a suitable intermediate host. It is a cause of nagana, the severity of which depends on the species affected.
Gravidity
Mefloquine
Quinine
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Chagas Cardiomyopathy
A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.
Atovaquone
Indonesia
A republic stretching from the Indian Ocean east to New Guinea, comprising six main islands: Java, Sumatra, Bali, Kalimantan (the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo), Sulawesi (formerly known as the Celebes) and Irian Jaya (the western part of New Guinea). Its capital is Djakarta. The ethnic groups living there are largely Chinese, Arab, Eurasian, Indian, and Pakistani; 85% of the peoples are of the Islamic faith.
Proguanil
Neurosyphilis
Infections of the central nervous system caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM which present with a variety of clinical syndromes. The initial phase of infection usually causes a mild or asymptomatic meningeal reaction. The meningovascular form may present acutely as BRAIN INFARCTION. The infection may also remain subclinical for several years. Late syndromes include general paresis; TABES DORSALIS; meningeal syphilis; syphilitic OPTIC ATROPHY; and spinal syphilis. General paresis is characterized by progressive DEMENTIA; DYSARTHRIA; TREMOR; MYOCLONUS; SEIZURES; and Argyll-Robertson pupils. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp722-8)
Mali
A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.
Sporozoites
Hemoglobins
Eurycoma
Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
Plasmodium ovale
Protozoan Vaccines
Endemic Diseases
The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)
Microscopy
The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.
Eucoccidiida
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
Drug Resistance
Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.
Pregnancy
Hematocrit
Tanzania
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Benin
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
Theileria
Host-Parasite Interactions
Plasmodium knowlesi
Blood
Disease Models, Animal
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Arthropod Vectors
Placenta
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Hemoglobin C
Nigeria
Immunity, Innate
Immunoglobulin G
Burkina Faso
Xenodiagnosis
A method for diagnosing a disease in one organism by inoculating the putative causative organism in a second animal of a different species. It has been used for the detection of parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi and Trichinella spiralis) when peripheral blood smears are negative. (Segen, Current Med Talk, 1995)
Myanmar
A republic of southeast Asia, northwest of Thailand, long familiar as Burma. Its capital is Yangon, formerly Rangoon. Inhabited by people of Mongolian stock and probably of Tibetan origin, by the 3d century A.D. it was settled by Hindus. The modern Burmese state was founded in the 18th century but was in conflict with the British during the 19th century. Made a crown colony of Great Britain in 1937, it was granted independence in 1947. In 1989 it became Myanmar. The name comes from myanma, meaning the strong, as applied to the Burmese people themselves. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p192 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p367)
Theileriasis
Thailand
Saimiri
Disease Susceptibility
Merozoites
Life Cycle Stages
Immunization, Passive
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Malaria, Avian
Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/1555)
New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d). The end point was slide-proven parasitemia. There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P. vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P. falciparum malaria. (+info)gammadelta T cells contribute to control of chronic parasitemia in Plasmodium chabaudi infections in mice. (2/1555)
During a primary infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi, gammadelta T cells are stimulated and their expansion coincides with recovery from the acute phase of infection in normal mice or with chronic infections in B cell-deficient mice (mu-MT). To determine whether the large gammadelta T cell pool observed in female B cell-deficient mice is responsible for controlling the chronic infection, studies were done using double-knockout mice deficient in both B and gammadelta cells (mu-MT x delta-/-TCR) and in gammadelta T cell-depleted mu-MT mice. In both types of gammadelta T cell-deficient mice, the early parasitemia following the peak of infection was exacerbated, and the chronic parasitemia was maintained at significantly higher levels in the absence of gammadelta T cells. The majority of gammadelta T cells in C57BL/6 and mu-MT mice responding to infection belonged predominantly to a single family of gammadelta T cells with TCR composed of Vgamma2Vdelta4 chains and which produced IFN-gamma rather than IL-4. (+info)Host haematological factors influencing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. (3/1555)
We investigated the relationship between selected host haematological and parasitological parameters and the density and infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. 143 individuals (age range 1-62 years) attending an outpatient clinic in Farafenni, The Gambia, who had peripheral blood gametocytaemia were recruited (mean gametocyte density 123.7/microl, range 5-17,000/microl). Of the parameters measured, packed cell volume (PCV), reticulocyte count (RetC) and lymphocyte count (LyC) were significantly associated with gametocyte density (r = - 0.17, P < 0.05; r = 0.21, P < 0.01; r = 0.18, P < 0.05, respectively). Data from membrane feeding experiments in which 15 or more mosquitoes were dissected showed that 60.7% (53/87) of gametocyte carriers infected one or more mosquitoes. Gametocyte density was strongly correlated with transmission success (TS) (r = 0.3, P < 0.005) and, in successful infections, with both mosquito prevalence (MP) (r = 0.36, P < 0.005) and mean oocyst burden (MOB) (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001). None of the other factors measured were significantly associated with any of these indices in bivariate analysis. Regression modelling showed that both gametocyte density and PCV were positively associated with gametocyte carrier infectivity to mosquitoes (LRchi2 = 100.7 and 47.2, respectively) and, in successful infections, with MOB (beta = 0.16, t = 4.9, P < 0.001; beta = 0.02, t = 2.3, P < 0.05, respectively). The positive association with PCV suggests that blood meal quality influences infection probably as a nutritional requirement, however, as this effect was most apparent at high gametocyte densities, its epidemiological significance is questionable. Though the haematological parameters associated with gametocyte density are a direct consequence of asexual infection, they may also represent an adaptive mechanism for optimization of sexual stage development. (+info)Gamma interferon production is critical for protective immunity to infection with blood-stage Plasmodium berghei XAT but neither NO production nor NK cell activation is critical. (4/1555)
We have examined the roles of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), nitric oxide (NO), and natural killer (NK) cells in the host resistance to infection with the blood-stage malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei XAT, an irradiation-induced attenuated variant of the lethal strain P. berghei NK65. Although the infection with P. berghei XAT enhanced NK cell lytic activity of splenocytes, depletion of NK1.1(+) cells caused by the treatment of mice with anti-NK1.1 antibody affected neither parasitemia nor IFN-gamma production by their splenocytes. The P. berghei XAT infection induced a large amount of NO production by splenocytes during the first peak of parasitemia, while P. berghei NK65 infection induced a small amount. Unexpectedly, however, mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS-/-) cleared P. berghei XAT after two peaks of parasitemia were observed, as occurred for wild-type control mice. Although the infected iNOS-/- mouse splenocytes did not produce a detectable level of NO, they produced an amount of IFN-gamma comparable to that produced by wild-type control mouse splenocytes, and treatment of these mice with neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibody led to the progression of parasitemia and fatal outcome. CD4(-/-) mice infected with P. berghei XAT could not clear the parasite, and all these mice died with apparently reduced IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, treatment with carrageenan increased the susceptibility of mice to P. berghei XAT infection. These results suggest that neither NO production nor NK cell activation is critical for the resistance to P. berghei XAT infection and that IFN-gamma plays an important role in the elimination of malarial parasites, possibly by the enhancement of phagocytic activity of macrophages. (+info)Interference of natural mouse hepatitis virus infection with cytokine production and susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi. (5/1555)
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection can have a pronounced impact on several investigation areas. Reports on natural MHV outbreaks are rare and most studies have been conducted by deliberately infecting mice with MHV laboratory strains that cause moderate to severe disturbances to the immune system. We have investigated the effects of a natural acute outbreak of MHV in our otherwise specific-pathogen-free (SPF) inbred mouse colonies, and of enzootic chronic MHV infection on cytokine production and resistance to the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. We found that BALB/c and/or C57BL/6 SPF mice that had been injected with T. cruzi blood trypomastigotes from recently MHV-contaminated (MHV+) mice developed significantly higher parasite blood counts, accelerated death, and showed higher IL-10 production by spleen cells than their counterparts whose T. cruzi inoculum was derived from MHV-negative (MHV-) donors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production by MHV+ and MHV- mice was not significantly different. In contrast, T. cruzi infection of chronically MHV-infected mice did not result in major changes in the course of infection when compared with that observed in mice from MHV- colonies, although a trend to higher parasitaemia levels was observed in BALB/c MHV+ mice. Nevertheless, both BALB/c and C57BL/6 T. cruzi-infected MHV+ mice had diminished IFN-gamma production to parasite-antigen stimulation in comparison with similarly infected MHV- mice. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production levels by spleen cells did not differ between chronic MHV+ and MHV- mice, but IFN-gamma neutralization by monoclonal antibody treatment of anti-CD3-stimulated spleen cell cultures showed higher levels of IL-10 synthesis in MHV+ BALB/c mice. (+info)Modulation of experimental blood stage malaria through blockade of the B7/CD28 T-cell costimulatory pathway. (6/1555)
Recent studies have implicated cytokines associated with CD4+ T lymphocytes of both T helper (Th)1 and Th2 subsets in resistance to experimental blood stage malaria. As the B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway has been shown to influence the differentiation of Th cell subsets, we investigated the contribution of the B7 molecules CD80 and CD86 to Th1/Th2 cytokine and immunoglobulin isotype profiles and to the development of a protective immune response to malaria in NIH mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi. Effective blockade of CD86/CD28 interaction was demonstrated by elimination of interleukin (IL)-4 and up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-gamma responses by P. chabaudi-specific T cells and by reduction of P. chabaudi-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). The shift towards a Th1 cytokine pattern corresponded with efficient control of acute parasitaemia but an inability to resolve chronic infection. Moreover, combined CD80/CD86 blockade by using anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 monoclonal antibodies raised IFN-gamma production over that seen with CD86 blockade alone, with augmentation of this Th1-associated cytokine reducing levels of peak primary parasitaemia. These results demonstrate that IL-4 production by T cells in P. chabaudi-infected NIH mice is dependent upon CD86/CD28 interaction and that IL-4 and IFN-gamma contribute significantly, at different times of infection, to host resistance to blood stage malaria. In addition, combined CD80/CD86 blockade resulted in preferential expansion of IFN-gamma-producing T cells during P. chabaudi infection, suggesting that costimulatory pathways other than B7/CD28 may contribute to T-cell activation during continuous antigen stimulation. This study indicates a role for B7/CD28 costimulation in modulating the CD4+ T-cell response during malaria, and further suggests involvement of this pathway in other infectious and autoimmune diseases in which the Th cell immune response is also skewed. (+info)Induction of the trypanosome lymphocyte-triggering factor (TLTF) and neutralizing antibodies to the TLTF in experimental african trypanosomiasis. (7/1555)
We have demonstrated that African trypanosomes secrete a novel trypanokine, the trypanosome-derived lymphocyte-triggering factor (TLTF), which activates CD8+ cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) that in turn stimulates parasite growth. The gene for TLTF was recently cloned, and recombinant TLTF (rTLTF) showed bioactivity that was similar to native TLTF. In this work, we employed two anti-TLTF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect levels of TLTF during Trypanosoma brucei brucei (T. b. brucei ) infections in mice. Furthermore, rTLTF was utilized to assess levels of anti-TLTF antibodies. Mice with intact genes (wild type), and knockout mice with disrupted IFN-gamma (IFN-gamma-/-) or IFN-gammaR (IFN-gammaR-/-) genes were studied. The knockout mice were used in order to illustrate the role of IFN-gamma in the production of antibodies to TLTF. While wild-type mice showed high parasitaemia accompanied by high TLTF levels and low anti-TLTF antibodies at day 3 postinfection (p.i.), low TLTF was measured together with increased anti-TLTF antibodies at day 21 p.i. IFN-gamma-/- mice exhibited very low parasitaemia, TLTF and anti-TLTF antibody levels. In contrast, IFN-gammaR-/- mice revealed very high parasitaemia, increased TLTF levels, but decreased anti-TLTF antibodies. In a biological assay for TLTF, Fab' fragments of anti-TLTF antibodies dose dependently inhibited the TLTF-induced IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, suggesting a regulatory importance of these antibodies. Our data demonstrate a role of IFN-gamma in the generation of neutralizing antibodies to TLTF. Furthermore, the induction of TLTF and its antibodies may constitute a new approach for future diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis. (+info)Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in southern France. (8/1555)
Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) due to Leishmania infantum (L. chagasi) is a lethal disease if untreated, but asymptomatic L. infantum infections have been reported previously. A better understanding of parasite transmission, dissemination, and survival in the human host is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess whether L. infantum circulated in peripheral blood of subjects with no history of VL. Sera from 565 blood donors were screened by Western blotting to detect Leishmania-specific antibodies and identify individuals with probable past exposure to Leishmania. Seropositivity was found in 76 donors whose buffy coats were examined by PCR and direct culture. The parasite minicircle kinetoplast DNA was amplified from blood samples of nine donors. Promastigotes were detected by culture in blood samples from nine donors. Only two donors were PCR and culture positive. These results indicate that L. infantum circulates intermittently and at low density in the blood of healthy seropositive individuals, who thus appear to be asymptomatic carriers. Implications for the safety of blood transfusion are discussed. (+info)
Comparing PI-Based to a nNRTI-based ART for Clearance of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitemia in HIV-Infected - Full Text View -...
Comparing PI-Based to a nNRTI-based ART for Clearance of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitemia in HIV-Infected - Full Text View -...
Parasitemia - Wikipedia
The Degree of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitaemia Correlates Strongly with Serum Transferrin in Patients with Malaria by M. U....
Malaria parasitemia in healthy Africans in North Mara, Tanzania | SpringerLink
The association between malaria parasitemia, erythrocyte polymorphisms, malnutrition and anaemia in children less than 10 years...
The Course of Malaria in Mice: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Effects, but No General MHC Heterozygote Advantage in...
LMALP - Overview: Malaria PCR with Parasitemia Reflex, Varies
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JCI Insight -
cGAS-mediated control of blood-stage malaria promotes Plasmodium-specific germinal center responses
PhenoPlasm
JoVE Author Search: van der Heyde HC
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi: differential susceptibility of gene-targeted mice deficient in IL-10 to an erythrocytic-stage...
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | EFFECTIVENESS OF QUININE MONOTHERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PLASMODIUM...
ICAM-1 is a key receptor mediating cytoadherence and pathology in the Plasmodium chabaudi malaria model | Malaria Journal |...
Cytokine responses of CD4 + T cells during a Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (ER) blood-stage infection in mice initiated by the...
Transmission of Plasmodium Schwetzi from the Chimpanzee to Man by Mosquito Bite | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and...
Lumora to partner with FIND to develop new, high-throughput Malaria molecular diagnostic test for use in the developing world
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALARIA IN ENDEMIC AREAS
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Creepy Dreadful Wonderful Parasites: Answer to Case 424
Doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.05.008
Malaria Disease Lab Report Essay Sample
In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite Invasion by Flow Cytometry | Protocol (Translated to Dutch)
Mali Special Demographic and Health Survey 2010 | GHDx
blood smear ppt
Clexane heparin thin blood bruises prevent - Answers on HealthTap
What pills are blood thinners - Foods to thin blood
blood smear medical background. 940069 Stock Photo at Vecteezy
Malaria-specific antibody responses and parasite persistence after infection of mice with Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi<...
Human Plasmodium knowlesi Infection Detected by Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Malaria - Volume 15, Number 9-September 2009 -...
ASMscience | Procedures for Detecting
The association between malaria parasitaemia, erythrocyte polymorphisms, malnutrition and anaemia in children less than 10...
The role of B-cells and IgM antibodies in parasitemia, anemia, and VSG switching in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. | SBRC
The Role of Calcium and Glucose on the Increasing of Parasitemia Value and Hemolysis into Plasmodium falciparum-infected...
high parasite densities | MalariaWorld
CDC - DPDx - Diagnostic Procedures - Blood Specimens
Splenocyte apoptosis in Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection: pos...
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The relationship between age and the manifestations of and mortality associated with severe malaria. - Nuffield Department of...
What are the Causes of Malaria Disease - HowFlux
LSHTM Research Online
glossary:bacteremia
glossary:viremia
DI-fusion Imaging experimental cerebral malaria in vivo: Significant...
Plasmodium berghei infection
Because gametocytes do not multiply, we utilized the decrease in live gametocytes after killing combined with an increase in...
Experiment to prepare human blood smear on a slide and observe it under microscope
Chagas disease
Hulsebos LH, Choromanski L, Kuhn RE (1989). "The effect of interleukin-2 on parasitemia and myocarditis in experimental Chagas ...
Human genetic resistance to malaria
... a balanced polymorphism protective against high parasitemias and thus severe P. falciparum malaria". Blood. 100 (4): 1172-6. ... "Hemoglobin C is associated with reduced Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and low risk of mild attack" (PDF). Hum Mol Genet ...
Tawny owl
Galeotti, Paolo; Sacchi, Roberto (2003). "Differential parasitaemia in the SNOWY OWLS ®(Strix aluco): effects of colour morph ...
Malaria antigen detection tests
In many endemic areas of tropical Africa, however, the quantitative assessment of parasitaemia is important, as a large ... These antigens persist in the circulating blood after the parasitaemia has cleared or has been greatly reduced. It generally ...
Babesiosis
"Comparison of PCR with blood smear and inoculation of small animals for diagnosis of Babesia microti parasitemia" (PDF). J. ...
Plasmodium knowlesi
... it can rapidly result in very high levels of parasitemia with fatal consequences. Anyone with a severe and rapidly ...
Haemoproteus
Other findings include parasitemia and anemia. Large megaloschizonts may be present in skeletal muscles, particularly those of ...
Plasmodium colombiense
Parasitemia averages 2.5% and seldom surpassed 20-30%. Infections cause significant anemia, and parasites in active infections ...
Malaria culture
The number of parasites increased by a factor 5 approximately every 48 hours (one cycle). The parasitemia can be determined via ... "Synchronous culture of Plasmodium falciparum at high parasitemia levels". Nat. Protoc. 4 (11): 1899-915. doi:10.1038/nprot. ...
List of Plasmodium species infecting primates
Fever and low grade parasitemia were apparent at 15 days. The volunteer (Dr Bennett) had previously been infected by Plasmodium ...
Synchronous culture
2009). "Synchronous culture of Plasmodium falciparum at high parasitemia levels". Nature Protocols. 4 (12): 1828-1844. doi: ...
Parasitemia
... is the quantitative content of parasites in the blood.[1] It is used as a measurement of parasite load in the ... for low parasitemias) or thin film blood smear (for high parasitemias). ... Systematic measurement of parasitemia is important in many phases of the assessment of disease, such as in diagnosis and in the ... The use of molecular biology techniques, such as PCR has been used increasingly as a tool to measure parasitemia, especially in ...
Premunition
Infections thereafter may exhibit little or no symptomatology in spite of parasitemia. The next stage is resistance to ...
Plasmodium azurophilum
Median parasitaemia rates in infections tend to be low (. ...
Kalisizo General Hospital
17 December 2013). "High Prevalence of Malaria Parasitemia and Anemia among Hospitalized Children in Rakai, Uganda". PLoS One. ...
Plasmodium juxtanucleare
The course of the parasitemia showed low levels initially and reaching a peak after 15 days; trophozoites were the most ... Laboratory findings included parasitemia, splenomegaly, pulmonary oedema and schizonts in the reticuloendothelial system. This ... Clinical findings associated with high parasitemia are anemia, diarrhea and weight loss that may lead to death. Body ...
Variant surface glycoprotein
The antigenic variation causes cyclical waves of parasitemia, which is one of the characteristics of Human African ... The clinical effect of this cycle is successive 'waves' of parasitaemia (trypanosomes in the blood). Variable surface ... This antigenic variation creates cyclical waves of parasitemia characteristic of Human African Trypanosomiasis. Antigen ' ...
Lucy Graves Taliaferro
Increased parasitemia in chicken malaria (Plasmodium gallinaceum and Plasmodium lophurae) following X-irradiation. J. Infect. ...
Cynaropicrin
In a mouse model the compound caused a reduction of parasitemia of 92% in comparison to the control. The toxicity of ... Cynaropicrin shows a reduction in parasitemia in murine models and has potent antitrypanosomal activity. It lowers ...
Trypanosoma brucei
The clinical effect of this cycle is successive 'waves' of parasitemia (trypanosomes in the blood). Expression of VSG genes ...
Holoendemic
"Evidence for an Age-Dependent Pyrogenic Threshold of Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia in Highly Endemic Populations". The ...
Plasmodium vivax
P. vivax gametocytes are commonly found in human peripheral blood at about the end of the first week of parasitemia. Gametes: ... However, such recurrent parasitaemia is probably being over-attributed to hypnozoite activation. One newly recognized, non- ... this might explain how a single infection can be responsible for a series of waves of parasitaemia or "relapses". It has been ... hypnozoite, possible contributing source to recurrent peripheral P. vivax parasitaemia is erythrocytic forms in bone marrow. P ...
Vertically transmitted infection
It clinically improves the anemia and parasitemia of the pregnant women, and birthweight in their infants. If the mother has ...
History of malaria
By using increasing volumes of culture medium, P.falciparum was grown to higher parasitemia levels (above 10%). The use of ... effective against parasitemia in animals. The first successful trials of artemisinin were in 1979. Artemisinin is a ...
Plasmodium youngi
Parasitemia peaks on the 12th and 16th day of infection, with up to 130,000 parasites per milliliter of blood. Parasite load ... It can also infect the Black crested gibbon (Hylobates concolor), although it causes only moderate parasitemia. In experimental ...
Rose Leke
Placental Malaria Parasitemia". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 169. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18574-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5760570. ...
Maternal health in Uganda
Women experienced a reduction in malaria episodes, anemia, parasitaemia and low birth weight. While these results cannot be ... there were still significant differences for parasitaemia, reported malaria episodes and birth weight, indicating the ...
Rangelia
... parasitemia, biological cycle, clinical-pathological aspects and treatment". Exp. Parasitol. 128 (4): 347-52. doi:10.1016/j. ...
DNA vaccine
Partial protection against sporozoite challenge was achieved, and mean parasitemia was significantly reduced, compared to ...
Hemoglobin subunit beta
... a balanced polymorphism protective against high parasitemias and thus severe P falciparum malaria". Blood. 100 (4): 1172-1176. ...
Parasitemia - Wikipedia
Parasitemia is the quantitative content of parasites in the blood.[1] It is used as a measurement of parasite load in the ... for low parasitemias) or thin film blood smear (for high parasitemias). ... Systematic measurement of parasitemia is important in many phases of the assessment of disease, such as in diagnosis and in the ... The use of molecular biology techniques, such as PCR has been used increasingly as a tool to measure parasitemia, especially in ...
Plasmodium Parasitemia Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients. - PubMed - NCBI
Plasmodium Parasitemia Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients.. Rosenke K1, Adjemian J2, Munster ... Is Plasmodium Species Parasitemia Really Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients? [Clin Infect Dis ... Plasmodium Parasitemia Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 15;63(8): ... Plasmodium Parasitemia Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Oct 15;63(8): ...
Malaria parasitemia in healthy Africans in North Mara, Tanzania | SpringerLink
Peripheral blood smears were examined for asymptomatic malaria parasitemia among 406 objectively healthy subjects in North Mara ... A total of 33(8.1%) of subjects were found to have asymptomatic malaria parasitemia. Prevalence rates for parasitemia were ... General population surveys for asymptomatic malaria parasitemia in North Mara have shown much higher prevalence rates than ... Peripheral blood smears were examined for asymptomatic malaria parasitemia among 406 objectively healthy subjects in North Mara ...
Prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia among HIV-infected Ugandan children randomized to receive different...
Prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia among HIV-infected Ugandan children randomized to receive different ... The prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia did not differ between the two ART treatment arms. The PI-based arm was associated ... Prevalence of Asymptomatic Parasitemia and Gametocytemia among HIV-Infected Ugandan Children Randomized to Receive Different ... In this report, we compared the prevalence of asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia using data from the same cohort. ...
Asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitemia and the ecology of malaria transmission. | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and...
Comparing PI-Based to a nNRTI-based ART for Clearance of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitemia in HIV-Infected - Full Text View -...
Comparing PI-Based to a nNRTI-based ART for Clearance of Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitemia in HIV-Infected. The safety and ... Pf SCP confirmed in a laboratory approved to conduct parasitemia microscopy.. Note: Pf SCP will be defined as meeting all three ... HIV-1 Infection Pf Subclinical Parasitemia Drug: Lopinavir/ritonavir Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Drug: ... Parasitemia. Parasitic Diseases. Sepsis. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Inflammation. Pathologic Processes. Ritonavir ...
LMALP - Performance: Malaria PCR with Parasitemia Reflex, Varies
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Spontaneous Postpartum Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia...
18 cleared parasitemia spontaneously within five days postpartum, and 2 had a strong decrease in parasitemia before being ... Women infected at delivery were tested for parasitemia in the early postpartum period; they had not received treatment unless ... 18 cleared parasitemia spontaneously within five days postpartum, and 2 had a strong decrease in parasitemia before being ... f Spontaneous Postpartum Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia in Pregnant Women, Benin * Julie Bottero, Valérie ...
Molecular Verification of New World Mansonella perstans Parasitemias - Volume 23, Number 3-March 2017 - Emerging Infectious...
... with Mansonella parasitemias. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences confirm that M. ozzardi and M. perstans parasites occur ... Mansonella perstans is one of the most prevalent and poorly understood parasites known to cause parasitemias in humans (1-3). ... Molecular Verification of New World Mansonella perstans Parasitemias. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2017;23(3):545-547. doi: ... We obtained ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences from residents of Amazonas state, Brazil, with Mansonella parasitemias. ...
Frontiers | A Specific IL6 Polymorphic Genotype Modulates the Risk of Trypanosoma cruzi Parasitemia While IL18, IL17A, and IL1B...
... cruzi parasitemia by PCR. Results. Our data revealed association between a cytokine gene polymorphism and parasitemia never ... cruzi parasitemia by PCR.ResultsOur data revealed association between a cytokine gene polymorphism and parasitemia never ... The IL6 rs1800795 CG genotype lowered the risk of positive parasitemia (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.86, P=0.015). Original findings ... The IL6 rs1800795 CG genotype lowered the risk of positive parasitemia (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.24-0.86, P = 0.015). Original ...
Prevalence of malaria parasitemia and purchase of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) among drug shop clients in two...
Predictive Value of Fever and Palmar Pallor for P. falciparum Parasitaemia in Children from an Endemic Area
Results Malarial parasitaemia was detected in children between 2-12 months and between 12-60 months of age with a prevalence of ... The CART-model revealed age-dependent differences in the ability of the variables to predict parasitaemia. While palmar pallor ... This study traced for age-dependent signs and symptoms predictive for P. falciparum parasitaemia. Methods In total, 5447 visits ... Conclusions Use of age-derived algorithms increases the specificity of the prediction for P. falciparum parasitaemia. The ...
Utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets and Parasitaemia at 6 Months after a Mass Distribution Exercise among...
Ownership of LLIN is very high, and parasitaemia among the children was very low. Low parasitaemia may be attributed to high ... which showed that parasitemia was 19.1%. The low parasitaemia in our study may be attributed to consistent use of bed nets ... This level of parasitemia is comparable to what was reported in a study conducted among children in the same age bracket for ... Parasitaemia among children under five is very low and may be partly attributed to use of LLINs. Programs will need to develop ...
In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite Invasion by Flow Cytometry | Protocol (Translated to Hebrew)
In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite Invasion by Flow Cytometry | Protocol (Translated to Swedish)
... vilket beräknas som parasitemia av den behandlade märkta befolkningen dividerat med parasitemia av kontrollmärkta befolkningen ... För mätning av parasitemia ska blodkroppar först väljas, och buller, skräp och trombocyter uteslutas, baserat på FSC / SSC ... Vi har beskrivit en metod för mätning av både parasitemia och merozoite invasion av in vivo prover. När det gäller parasitemi ... Lelliott, P. M., McMorran, B. J., Foote, S. J., Burgio, G. In Vivo Assessment of Rodent Plasmodium Parasitemia and Merozoite ...
Journal of Parasitology and Vector Biology - effect of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence, parasitemia and parasite...
Prevalence of parasitemia at baseline was 40.70% in the sprayed, 25.3% in the unsprayed area and remains high over the entire ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of IRS on malaria incidence, parasitemia and parasite density among children ... At inclusion, finger prick blood samples were used to assess baseline parasitemia by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDT ... Key words: Effects indoor residual spraying, malaria incidence, parasitemia, parasite density, children less than 5 years, ...
SID.ir | THE STUDY ON CORRELATION AMONG PARASITEMIA RATE AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS
Download Free Full-Text of an article THE STUDY ON CORRELATION AMONG PARASITEMIA RATE AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN BOVINE ... SOD activity had negative correlation with parasitemia rate in cattle with parasitemia, being lower than 10%, but no ... parasitemia rate. There was no significant correlation between parasitemia rate and serum haptoglobin. In addition to ... Based on parasitemia rates, the infected animals were divided into 3 subgroups (,10%, 10-20% and 20-30%). PCV, Hb, RBC count, ...
Tjitra, E. and Anstey, N.M. (2001) Will the High Rates of Post-Treatment Sexual Stage Parasitaemia Seen in Malaria-Endemic...
Will the High Rates of Post-Treatment Sexual Stage Parasitaemia Seen in Malaria-Endemic Areas Make the OptiMAL Antigen Test ... Tjitra, E. and Anstey, N.M. (2001) Will the High Rates of Post-Treatment Sexual Stage Parasitaemia Seen in Malaria-Endemic ... Parasitemias were calculated using WHO standard protocols. Main outcomes were test efficiency; sensitivity; specificity; PVP ... Sensitivities for Paracheck and SD Bioline RDTs reduced from 99.2% [97.7 - 100.0] at parasitemias above 1000/μl each to 33.3% [ ...
Evidence from a natural experiment that malaria parasitemia is pathogenic in retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria | eLife
Inference for malaria parasitemia attributable fraction for coma among Ret- CM Cases. The malaria parasitemia attributable ... be the factor by which the trait t multiplies the risk of malaria parasitemia (i.e., relative risk of malaria parasitemia for ... It also suggests to me that rather more prominence should be given to the estimated lower bound on the malaria parasitemia ... 3) The work rests on the assumption that HbAS has no effect on asymptomatic parasitemia (if it did, different prevalences of ...
Risk progression to chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy: influence of male sex and of parasitaemia detected by polymerase chain...
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection. | Infection and...
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection.. J Sternberg, N ... Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection. ... Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection. ... Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection. ...
Malaria Parasitemia and CD4 T Cell Count, Viral Load, and Adverse HIV Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania
... women with low baseline parasitemia, versus none, had higher viral loads at both time points. Any baseline parasitemia ... Malaria Parasitemia and CD4 T Cell Count, Viral Load, and Adverse HIV Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania. ... "Malaria Parasitemia and CD4 T Cell Count, Viral Load, and Adverse HIV Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania." ... We then followed women to investigate whether or not baseline parasitemia predicted CD4 T cell counts or viral loads , 90 days ...
Towards the establishment of a consensus real-time qPCR to monitor Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in patients with chronic...
Towards the establishment of a consensus real-time qPCR to monitor Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in patients with chronic ... The median parasitemia found in patients from Argentina and Colombia (1.93 and 2.31 parasite equivalents/mL, respectively) was ... In addition, its sensitivity and reproducibility are shown to be adequate to detect low parasitemia burden in patients with ... Towards the establishment of a consensus real-time qPCR to monitor Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in patients with chronic ...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying with Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Malaria Parasitemia and Anemia Prevalence...
We measured malaria parasitemia and anemia (hemoglobin level < 11 g/dL) in 899 children less than five years of age and used ... We evaluated the impact of IRS on parasitemia and anemia prevalence in children less than five years of age by using a cross- ... Impact of Indoor Residual Spraying with Lambda-Cyhalothrin on Malaria Parasitemia and Anemia Prevalence among Children Less ... reduction in parasitemia and a 21% (95% CI = 4-34%) and 30% (95% CI = 12-45%) reduction in anemia prevalence, respectively. ...
Genetic variation and recurrent parasitaemia in Peruvian Plasmodium vivax populations | Malaria Journal | Full Text
Results between antigen and microsatellite loci for the 30 day 0 and day of recurrent parasitaemia samples were the same for 80 ... The objective here was to assess the utility of neutral microsatellite loci to reconcile cases of recurrent parasitaemia in ... A total of 30 day 0 and day of recurrent parasitaemia samples were characterized at microsatellite loci and five polymorphic ... From: Genetic variation and recurrent parasitaemia in Peruvian Plasmodium vivax populations. Locus 14.185 12.335 7.67 6.34 3.35 ...
Research: Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia among pregnant women: a health facility based survey in Nassarawa...
... were significant predictors of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia. Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia is a health challenge among ... This study examined asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women in the antenatal clinic in General Hospital, ... Home » Research: Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia among pregnant women: a health facility based survey in ... Research: Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia among pregnant women: a health facility based survey in Nassarawa- ...
AID 667437 - Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum NF54 infected in human erythrocytes assessed as decrease in...
The disposition of oral and intramuscular pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine in Kenyan children with high parasitaemia but clinically...
Examined for asymptomatic malariaInfectionFalciparumTrypanosomaChagasParasitesHigher parasitemiaCruziDecrease in parasitemiaPrevalence and parasitemiaPercent parasitemiaMalarial parasitaemiaRecurrent parasitaemiaPolymorphismVivaxAntenatal clinicAsymptomatic PlasmodiumPatientsAnemiaHemolysisSignificantlySpeciesMiceMansonellaMild malariaHighLevelsSmearsLebihVivoPada2017AsexualDiagnosisMonotherapyRisk factorsConclusion
Examined for asymptomatic malaria1
- Peripheral blood smears were examined for asymptomatic malaria parasitemia among 406 objectively healthy subjects in North Mara, Tanzania. (springer.com)
Infection19
- Plasmodium species parasitemia is associated with an increase in the probability of surviving Ebola virus infection. (nih.gov)
- Herein we investigated potential associations between IL1B , IL6 , IL17A , or IL18 polymorphism profiles and cardiomyopathy or T. cruzi parasitemia, as well as the impact of HIV infection on cardiopathy. (frontiersin.org)
- Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis leads to reduced parasitemia in murine Trypanosoma brucei infection. (asm.org)
- This study confirms the contrasting transmission patterns of P. vivax and P. falciparum in the Peruvian Amazon, with stable local transmission for P. vivax and the source of P. falciparum to the study villages dominated by very low parasitaemia carriers, age 10 years and older, who had travelled away from home for work and brought P. falciparum infection with them. (biomedcentral.com)
- When promptly and effectively treated, malaria illness is of short duration, but if untreated, a single Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection can last for many months, causing recurring clinical attacks interspersed with asymptomatic periods [3] during which parasitaemia is often sub-patent. (nih.gov)
- In this figure, the single (untreated) infection gives rise to five periods of high parasitaemia. (nih.gov)
- We aimed to investigate the impact of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) on the occurrence of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia during pregnancy and trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis and urinary tract infection (UTI) after delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
- Physical exercise protects myenteric neurons and reduces parasitemia in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. (bvsalud.org)
- In comparison to wildtype littermates, IL-13 tg mice were highly susceptible to T. cruzi infection with enhanced parasitemia and impaired survival. (frontiersin.org)
- Two of the dogs showed acute disease and died in the first wave of parasitaemia on days 7 and 8 post infection (PI) while the other two died from the sub-acute disease on days 24 and 28 PI corresponding to the second wave of parasitaemia. (edu.ng)
- The great majority of enzyme mRNAs were down-regulated, with the greatest effects occurring at the peak of parasitaemia 8 days post infection. (springer.com)
- PCR was used to evaluate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii parasitemia by detection of the B1 gene in blood samples in two groups of immunosuppressed patients (148 subjects) suspected of having cerebral or extracerebral infection, respectively. (asu.edu.eg)
- Parasitemia was detected by PCR in only two of these patients (13.3%), both showing evidence of disseminated infection. (asu.edu.eg)
- Since most cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis result from the local reactivation of latent brain cysts, detection of parasitemia by PCR is useful only in cases associated with severe cerebral infection or dissemination of this disease. (asu.edu.eg)
- Hence, when parasitemia develops in hamsters, babesial infection can be confirmed in humans. (medindia.net)
- These infection studies revealed that that the initial setting of peak levels of parasitemia in Trypanosoma brucei-infected microMT and IgM(-/-) mice occurred independent of the presence of B-cells. (ac.be)
- Collectively, these results demonstrated that in murine experimental T. brucei trypanosomiasis, B-cells were crucial for periodic peak parasitemia clearance, whereas parasite-induced IgM antibodies played only a limited role in the outcome of the infection. (ac.be)
- pacifica and mosquito infection acquired from a patient with low level parasitemia. (univ-antilles.fr)
- We found that B. microti reaches high parasitemia levels during the first week of infection in all three mice strains before resolving spontaneously. (jimmunol.org)
Falciparum6
- The present study aimed to precisely quantify the rate of very-low parasitaemia carriers in two sites of the Peruvian Amazon in relation to transmission patterns of P. vivax and P. falciparum in this area. (biomedcentral.com)
- Erythrocyte survival times were measured in healthy Thai controls and in patients following clearance of asexual P. falciparum or P. vivax parasitaemia. (ox.ac.uk)
- Figure 1 shows the time pattern of parasitaemia and fever in a neurosyphilis patient treated with P. falciparum. (nih.gov)
- Moyano M, Méndez F. Erythrocyte defects and parasitemia density in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Buenaventura, Colombia. (healthdata.org)
- The prevalence of P. falciparum parasitaemia was 10.7% at 32 gw, 9% at 36 gw, and 8.3% by RDT and 20.2% by PCR at delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this population, SQ-LNS did not influence the occurrence of maternal P. falciparum parasitaemia, trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis or UTI. (biomedcentral.com)
Trypanosoma3
- Towards the establishment of a consensus real-time qPCR to monitor Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in patients with chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: a substudy from the BENEFIT trial. (curehunter.com)
- To evaluate the parasitemia , nitrergic neurons , and cytokines in Trypanosoma cruzi -infected mice subjected to moderate physical exercise , forty male Swiss mice , 30days of age, were divided Trained Control (TC), Trained Infected (TI), Sedentary Control (SC), and Sedentary Infected (SI). (bvsalud.org)
- The role of B-cells and IgM antibodies in parasitemia, anemia, and VSG switching in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. (ac.be)
Chagas4
- Our data support a protective role of IL17A AA, IL18 AA, and IL1B TC genotypes against development/progression of cardiomyopathy and a modulatory effect of the IL6 CG genotype on the risk of parasitemia in Chagas disease. (frontiersin.org)
- In addition, its sensitivity and reproducibility are shown to be adequate to detect low parasitemia burden in patients with chronic Chagas disease . (curehunter.com)
- This study evaluates if levels of T. cruzi antigens in urine, determined by Chunap (Chagas urine nanoparticle test), are correlated with parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. (edu.pe)
- Parasitemia levels in patients with serology positive for Chagas disease were classified as follows: High parasitemia or reactivation of Chagas disease (detectable parasitemia by microscopy), moderate parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy but detectable by qPCR), and negative parasitemia (undetectable by microscopy and qPCR). (edu.pe)
Parasites8
- Parasitemia is the quantitative content of parasites in the blood . (wikipedia.org)
- For instance, in malaria , the number of blood-stage parasites can be counted using an optical microscope , on a special thick film (for low parasitemias) or thin film blood smear (for high parasitemias). (wikipedia.org)
- Mansonella perstans is one of the most prevalent and poorly understood parasites known to cause parasitemias in humans ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- An estimated 114 million persons are infected with M. perstans parasites in Africa alone, and M. perstans parasitemias have also been repeatedly reported to occur in continental South America ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- However, in contrast to the situation in Africa, where only 1 parasitemia-causing Mansonella parasite occurs, reports of M. perstans in South America have been limited to equatorial rainforest regions, where other Mansonella parasitemia-causing parasites also commonly occur ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- More than 40% of infections had parasitaemia under 5 parasites/μL. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hemosporidians are a diverse group of blood parasites that infect terrestrial vertebrates worldwide, but there is variability in parasite prevalence and parasitemia with infections ranging from virtually inconsequential to lethal. (allenpress.com)
- There were no significant differences in prevalence and parasitemia between the two bird species infected with the parasites. (beds.ac.uk)
Higher parasitemia2
- In addition to autoimmune mechanisms in anemia, there is lower activity of SOD and higher RBC fragility only in cattle with parasitemia rate being lower than 10% and not for cattle with higher parasitemia rate. (sid.ir)
- Areas with highly degraded shrublands and villages showed higher parasitemia relative to areas with moderately degraded shrublands. (beds.ac.uk)
Cruzi3
- A SNVs were analyzed by real-time PCR and T. cruzi parasitemia by PCR. (frontiersin.org)
- This difference could be in part due to the complexity of T. cruzi genetic diversity, which is a factor possibly implicated in different clinical presentations of the disease and/or influencing parasitemia levels in infected individuals from different regions of Latin America. (curehunter.com)
- Three days after completing the moderate physical exercise program, the TI and SI groups were inoculated with 1300 blood trypomastigotes of the Y strain of T. cruzi, and parasitemia was evaluated from day 4 to day 22 after inoculation. (bvsalud.org)
Decrease in parasitemia1
- Among the 35 of 1,346 infected women, parasitologic follow-up results could not be interpreted in 15 because they were treated for symptoms, 18 cleared parasitemia spontaneously within five days postpartum, and 2 had a strong decrease in parasitemia before being treated. (ajtmh.org)
Prevalence and parasitemia1
- Seasonally, parasite prevalence varied significantly, although prevalence and parasitemia were not associated with host sex, age, or health. (allenpress.com)
Percent parasitemia3
- If positive, percent parasitemia will be performed at an additional charge. (mayocliniclabs.com)
- 1. When monitoring percent parasitemia for patient response to therapy, order MAL / Rapid Malaria/ Babesia Smear (conventional blood film exam) instead of this test. (testcatalog.org)
- If positive, percent parasitemia will be calculated and reported. (testcatalog.org)
Malarial parasitaemia3
- Reduced erythrocyte survival following clearance of malarial parasitaemia in Thai patients. (ox.ac.uk)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Asymptomatic malarial parasitaemia in Tamil Nadu. (who.int)
- AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the community prevalence of asymptomatic malarial parasitaemia in the state of Tamil Nadu. (who.int)
Recurrent parasitaemia3
- The objective here was to assess the utility of neutral microsatellite loci to reconcile cases of recurrent parasitaemia in Amazonian P. vivax populations in Peru. (cdc.gov)
- A total of 30 day 0 and day of recurrent parasitaemia samples were characterized at microsatellite loci and five polymorphic antigen loci for haplotype classification. (cdc.gov)
- Results between antigen and microsatellite loci for the 30 day 0 and day of recurrent parasitaemia samples were the same for 80% of the pairs. (cdc.gov)
Polymorphism2
- Our data revealed association between a cytokine gene polymorphism and parasitemia never previously reported. (frontiersin.org)
- Thus, although homozygosity for the R131 allele protects against high-density parasitemia, FcγRIIa-131 polymorphism does not protect against malaria anemia. (ac.ke)
Vivax3
- Here, we aimed to investigate the proportion of α-thalassemia including the impact of α-thalassemia and HbE on the parasitemia of P. vivax in Southeast Asian malaria patients in Thailand. (mjhid.org)
- HbE did not affect P. vivax parasitemia. (mjhid.org)
- Alpha-thalassemia trait is associated with high levels of P. vivax parasitemia in malaria patients in Southeast Asia. (mjhid.org)
Antenatal clinic1
- This study examined asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women in the antenatal clinic in General Hospital, Nassarawa-Eggon, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. (malariaworld.org)
Asymptomatic Plasmodium2
- Asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitemia and the ecology of malaria transmission. (ajtmh.org)
- This study tested the hypothesis that the maintenance and emergence of malaria in hypoendemic regions such as Amazonia is determined by submicroscopic and asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitaemia carriers. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients15
- The use of molecular biology techniques, such as PCR has been used increasingly as a tool to measure parasitemia, especially in patients in the chronic phase of disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Plasmodium Parasitemia Associated With Increased Survival in Ebola Virus-Infected Patients. (nih.gov)
- Clinical outcome in laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus-infected patients was analyzed as a function of age, sex, Ebola viremia, and Plasmodium species parasitemia. (nih.gov)
- The results achieved from Bayesian transmutability analysis elected the primer sets Cruzi1/Cruzi2 (p=0.0031) and Diaz7/Diaz8 (p=0.0023) coupled to the QIAamp DNA Kit extraction protocol ( silica gel column), as the most suitable for monitoring parasitemia in these patients. (curehunter.com)
- The median parasitemia found in patients from Argentina and Colombia (1.93 and 2.31 parasite equivalents/mL, respectively) was around 20 times higher than the one estimated for the Brazilian patients (0.1 parasite equivalents/mL). (curehunter.com)
- This can be clearly seen in the time courses of parasitaemia and fever observed among neurosyphilis patients treated with malaria therapy. (nih.gov)
- Patients with parasitemia tended to have significantly lower platelets, hemoglobin, white blood cell and red blood cell counts, blood indices and hematocrit than normal. (iranpath.org)
- Malaria parasitemia was assessed in 37 known sickle cell anemia patients attending the routine hematological clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Edo State. (tjh.com.tr)
- Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in sickle-cell disease patients: how effective is chemoprophylaxis? (bvsalud.org)
- The use of malaria chemoprophylaxis and asymptomatic parasitaemia were studied in SCD and non-SCD patients . (bvsalud.org)
- There was no significant difference between level of parasitaemia in patients and controls (p = 0.1), a positive smear was found in equal numbers of patients on chemoprophylaxis and those not on chemoprophylaxis (p = 0.3). (bvsalud.org)
- Aim: To use C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in assessing` malaria and malaria parasitemia among out-patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).Study Design:Cross-sectional descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study:This study was carried out at the Out Patients Department (OPD) of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. (who.int)
- Patients with recrudescent malaria may have low levels of parasitemia and usually have increased malaria immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers. (medscape.com)
- better survival rates among patients with severe malaria, particularly those with high parasitemia levels, treated with intravenous (IV) artesunate than among those treated with quinine. (psu.edu)
- In 6 patients at 5 treatment centers, a self-limiting episode of unexplained hemolysis occurred after reduction of parasitemia levels. (psu.edu)
Anemia3
- Among children with severe anemia 76.8% had malaria parasitemia, of whom 93.1% received blood transfusion. (elsevier.com)
- Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of malaria parasitemia and anemia among inpatient children under five years. (elsevier.com)
- We have used B-cell (microMT) and IgM-deficient (IgM(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of B-cells and IgM antibodies in parasitemia control and the in vivo induction of trypanosomiasis-associated anemia. (ac.be)
Hemolysis1
- The aim of the present studyis determination of probable correlation between parasitemia rate and hemolysis in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale. (sid.ir)
Significantly2
- Per cent parasitemia of ovalocytes counted at least 100 ovalocytes of the blood films of malaria infected individuals was significantly reduced when compared with that of discocytes which revealed at least 100 discocytes in the same blood smears. (bvsalud.org)
- Shrubland habitat degradation associated to the establishment of small villages, as well as tree extraction and overgrazing in the surroundings of these villages, significantly enhances parasitemia of birds by haemosporidians. (beds.ac.uk)
Species4
- The methods to be used for quantifying parasitemia depends on the parasitic species and its life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- Considering the importance of the highland Plateau of Mexico as part of the North American bird migratory route and as a region containing important habitat for numerous bird species, the purpose of this study was to document haemosporidian species richness and how habitat degradation, bird body condition, and distance from water sources correlate with bird parasitemia. (beds.ac.uk)
- Average parasitemia was estimated in each species, and its relationship with habitat degradation through grazing, bird body condition and distance from water bodies was assessed. (beds.ac.uk)
- High levels of parasitemia were recorded in two of the three bird species included in this study. (beds.ac.uk)
Mice3
- The aim at the study is to find out the effect vaccine on parasitemia level of Swiss mice inoculated with Plasmodium berghei ,ANKA, a lethal strain of in urine plasmodium. (mediamedika.net)
- Mice that were injected with TT vacine developed parasitemia sooner and higher than the control group. (mediamedika.net)
- reduced parasitemia by 57.7% compared to untreated control mice. (greenmedinfo.com)
Mansonella2
Mild malaria8
- In a longitudinal study, we investigated whether the 11 most frequent and informative polymorphisms were associated with mild malaria attack and maximum parasitemia, which was the highest parasitemia in each individual over 2 years. (cgiar.org)
- Mild malaria attack and maximum parasitemia were positively correlated. (cgiar.org)
- Transmission disequilibrium tests showed nominal evidence for association between TNF-1031, TNF-308, TNF851 and TNF1304 polymorphisms, and mild malaria attack on the one hand, and between TNF-238, TNF851 and TNF1304 polymorphisms, and maximum parasitemia on the other hand. (cgiar.org)
- After accounting for multiple tests, we confirmed the association of TNF-238 with maximum parasitemia and the association of TNF1304 and TNF851 with maximum parasitemia and mild malaria attack. (cgiar.org)
- In conclusion, our study suggests that several TNF variants may be part of the genetic determinants for maximum parasitemia and/or mild malaria attack. (cgiar.org)
- Several TNF polymorphisms that are located within non-coding regions have been associated with parasitaemia, mild malaria or severe malaria. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- We investigated the association of TNF1304 (rs3093664), TNF-308 (rs1800629), TNF-238 (rs361525) and TNF-244 (rs673) with mild malaria and symptomatic maximum parasitaemia in a population-based design (n=310). (archives-ouvertes.fr)
- We obtained nominal evidence for an association between symptomatic maximum parasitaemia and TNF-308, TNF-238, and TNF-244 on the one hand, and between the number of mild malaria attacks and TNF-244 on the other hand. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
High3
- Low parasitaemia may be attributed to high LLIN utilization. (hindawi.com)
- Tjitra, E. and Anstey, N.M. (2001) Will the High Rates of Post-Treatment Sexual Stage Parasitaemia Seen in Malaria-Endemic Areas Make the OptiMAL Antigen Test Unreliable in Predicting Malaria Treatment Outcome British Journal of Haematology, 113, 255-257. (scirp.org)
- Tjitra, E. and Anstey, N.M. (2001) Will the High Rates of Post-Treatment Sexual Stage Parasitaemia Seen in Malaria-Endemic Areas Make the OptiMAL Antigen Test Unreliable in Predicting Malaria Treatment Outcome? (scirp.org)
Levels4
- Further study is warranted to determine whether or not parasitemia is especially detrimental to individuals with lower levels of immunosuppression or chronic low parasitemia. (harvard.edu)
- Effective treatment of asexual parasitaemia in the dry season reduces gametocyte carriage to very low levels after 4 wk. (nih.gov)
- Results: The results revealed no significant difference in parasitemia levels between the positive control and the two combination groups (p=0.136 and 0.289, respectively). (ui.ac.id)
- Treatment with IV artesunate rapidly reduced parasitemia levels. (psu.edu)
Smears2
Lebih1
- Kombinasi artesunat injeksi dan ekstrak brotowali terbukti dapat menurunkan derajat parasitemia lebih baik dari pemberian terapi tunggal artesunat dan meningkatkan ekspresi HSP70 dan endoglin. (ub.ac.id)
Vivo1
- In this study, evidence is presented that NO has no detectable trypanocidal activity under simulated in vivo conditions and that inhibition of NO production in vivo results in reduced parasitemia. (asm.org)
Pada1
- Kesimpulannya, kombinasi terapi malaria menggunakan artesunat dan brotowali terbukti berpotensi sebagai terapi kombinasi yang efektif terhadap malaria karena mampu menurunkan derajat parasitemia sampai 0% dan meningkatkan ekspresi HSP70 dan endoglin pada otak mencit C57BL/6J secara signifikan. (ub.ac.id)
20171
- 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/759698/all/parasitemia. (unboundmedicine.com)
Asexual1
- Prevalence of Asexual Parasitaemia and Gametocytes after Treatment(A) Prevalence of asexual parasitaemia over the 2 mo following treatment. (nih.gov)
Diagnosis1
- Systematic measurement of parasitemia is important in many phases of the assessment of disease, such as in diagnosis and in the follow-up of therapy, particularly in the chronic phase, when cure depends on ascertaining a parasitemia of zero. (wikipedia.org)
Monotherapy1
- Conclusion: These results illustrate that combination therapy is superior to propolis monotherapy in inhibiting parasitemia. (ui.ac.id)
Risk factors1
- An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic data and possible risk factors for asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia. (malariaworld.org)
Conclusion1
- Conclusion This optimized sWGA approach is a reliable method to obtain WGS data from non-leukocyte depleted, low parasitaemia samples. (researchsquare.com)