A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.
Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.
Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.
A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.
An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.
Inorganic compounds formed through the oxidation of selenium.

Perinatal nephropathies. (1/877)

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation.  (+info)

SodA and manganese are essential for resistance to oxidative stress in growing and sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. (2/877)

We constructed a sodA-disrupted mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168, BK1, by homologous recombination. The mutant was not able to grow in minimal medium without Mn(II). The spore-forming ability of strain BK1 was significantly lower in Mn(II)-depleted medium than that of the wild-type strain. These deleterious effects caused by the sodA mutation were reversed when an excess of Mn(II) was used to supplement the medium. Moreover, the growth inhibition by superoxide generators in strain BK1 and its parent strain was also reversed by the supplementation with excess Mn(II). We therefore estimated the Mn-dependent superoxide-scavenging activity in BK1 cells. Whereas BK1 cells have no detectable superoxide dismutase (Sod) on native gel, the superoxide-scavenging activity in crude extracts of BK1 cells grown in Mn(II)-supplemented LB medium (10 g of tryptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 5 g of NaCl per liter) was significantly detected by the modified Sod assay method without using EDTA. The results obtained suggest that Mn, as a free ion or a complex with some cellular component, can catalyze the elimination of superoxide and that both SodA and Mn(II) are involved not only in the superoxide resistance of vegetative cells but also in sporulation.  (+info)

Cytotoxic effect of paraquat on rat C6 glioma cells: evidence for the possibility of non-oxidative damage to the cells. (3/877)

Although paraquat has been shown to cause oxidative damage to neuronal cells, little is known about its effect on glial cells. Thus the effect of paraquat on glial cells was examined using rat C6 glioma cells as a model system. Paraquat reduced cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and this toxic effect was not significantly attenuated by various kinds of antioxidants. Furthermore, paraquat failed to increase 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation in the cells. These results indicate that paraquat can be toxic to glial cells and suggest that this cytotoxic effect may not be associated with the oxidative damage to the cells.  (+info)

The alternative sigma factor, sigmaE, is critically important for the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium. (4/877)

In Escherichia coli, extracytoplasmic stress is partially controlled by the alternative sigma factor, RpoE (sigmaE). In response to environmental stress or alteration in the protein content of the cell envelope, sigmaE upregulates the expression of a number of genes, including htrA. It has been shown that htrA is required for intramacrophage survival and virulence in Salmonella typhimurium. To investigate whether sigmaE-regulated genes other than htrA are involved in salmonella virulence, we inactivated the rpoE gene of S. typhimurium SL1344 by allelic exchange and compared the phenotype of the mutant (GVB311) in vitro and in vivo with its parent and an isogenic htrA mutant (BRD915). Unlike E. coli, sigmaE is not required for the growth and survival of S. typhimurium at high temperatures. However, GVB311 did display a defect in its ability to utilize carbon sources other than glucose. GVB311 was more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and antimicrobial peptides than SL1344 and BRD915. Although able to invade both macrophage and epithelial cell lines normally, the rpoE mutant was defective in its ability to survive and proliferate in both cell lines. The effect of the rpoE mutation on the intracellular behavior of S. typhimurium was greater than that of the htrA mutation. Both GVB311 and BRD915 were highly attenuated in mice. Neither strain was able to kill mice via the oral route, and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for both strains via the intravenous (i.v.) route was very high. The i.v. LD50s for SL1344, BRD915, and GVB311 were <10, 5.5 x 10(5), and 1.24 x 10(7) CFU, respectively. Growth in murine tissues after oral and i.v. inoculation was impaired for both the htrA and rpoE mutant, with the latter mutant being more severely affected. Neither mutant was able to translocate successfully from the Peyer's patches to other organs after oral infection or to proliferate in the liver and spleen after i.v. inoculation. However, the htrA mutant efficiently colonized the livers and spleens of mice infected i.v., but the rpoE mutant did not. Previous studies have shown that salmonella htrA mutants are excellent live vaccines. In contrast, oral immunization of mice with GVB311 was unable to protect any of the mice from oral challenge with SL1344. Furthermore, i.v. immunization with a large dose ( approximately 10(6) CFU) of GVB311 protected less than half of the orally challenged mice. Thus, our results indicate that genes in the sigmaE regulon other than htrA play a critical role in the virulence and immunogenicity of S. typhimurium.  (+info)

Pre-steady-state kinetics of the reactions of [NiFe]-hydrogenase from Chromatium vinosum with H2 and CO. (5/877)

Results are presented of the first rapid-mixing/rapid-freezing studies with a [NiFe]-hydrogenase. The enzyme from Chromatium vinosum was used. In particular the reactions of active enzyme with H2 and CO were monitored. The conversion from fully reduced, active hydrogenase (Nia-SR state) to the Nia-C* state was completed in less than 8 ms, a rate consistent with the H2-evolution activity of the enzyme. The reaction of CO with fully reduced enzyme was followed from 8 to 200 ms. The Nia-SR state did not react with CO. It was discovered, contrary to expectations, that the Nia-C* state did not react with CO when reactions were performed in the dark. When H2 was replaced by CO, a Nia-C* EPR signal appeared within 11 ms; this was also the case when H2 was replaced by Ar. With CO, however, the Nia-C* state decayed within 40 ms, due to the generation of the Nia-S.CO state (the EPR-silent state of the enzyme with bound CO). The Nia-C* state, induced after 11 ms by replacing H2 by CO in the dark, could be converted, in the frozen enzyme, into the EPR-detectable state with CO bound to nickel (Nia*.CO) by illumination at 30 K (evoking the Nia-L* state), followed by dark adaptation at 200 K. This can be explained by assuming that the Nia-C* state represents a formally trivalent state of nickel, which is unable to bind CO, whereas nickel in the Nia-L* and the Nia*.CO states is formally monovalent.  (+info)

Nitroreductase A is regulated as a member of the soxRS regulon of Escherichia coli. (6/877)

Nitroreductase A catalyzes the divalent reduction of nitro compounds, quinones, and dyes by NADPH. In this paper, nitroreductase A is induced in Escherichia coli by exposure to paraquat in a manner that depends on the expression of soxR. Nitroreductase activity was only slightly induced by paraquat in a strain bearing a mutational defect in the gene encoding nitroreductase A, but it was approximately 3-fold induced in the parental strain. Nitroreductase A thus appears to be a member of the soxRS regulon and probably contributes to the defenses against oxidative stress by minimizing the redox cycling attendant upon the univalent reduction of nitro compounds, quinones, and dyes.  (+info)

Paraquat toxicity: proposed mechanism of action involving lipid peroxidation. (7/877)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that paraquat pulmonary toxicity results from cyclic reduction-oxidation of paraquat with sequential generation of superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen and initiation of lipid peroxidation. In vitro mouse lung microsomes catalyzed an NADPH-dependent, single-electron reduction of paraquat. Incubation of paraquat with NADPH, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and purified microsomal lipid increased malondialdehyde production is a concentration dependent manner. Addition of either superoxide dismutase or a single oxygen trapping agent 1,3-dipheylisobenzo furan inhibited paraquat stimulated lipid peroxidation. In vivo, pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital decreased paraquat toxicity, possibly by competing for electrons which might otherwise reduce paraquat. In contrast, paraquat toxicity in mice was increased by exposure to 100% oxygen and by deficiencies of the antioxidants selenium, vitamin E, or reduced glutahione (GSH). Paraquat, given IP to mice, at 30 mg/kg, decreased concentrations of the water-soluble antioxidant GSH in liver and lipid soluble antioxidants in lung. Oxygen-tolerant rats, which hae increased activities of pulmonary enzymes which combat lipid peroxidation, were also tolerant to lethal doses of paraquat as indicated by an increased paraquat LT50. Furthermore, rats chronically exposed to 100 ppm paraquat in the water had elevated pulmonary activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and GSH reductase. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that lipid peroxidation is involved in the toxicity of paraquat.  (+info)

Decreased intracellular superoxide levels activate Sindbis virus-induced apoptosis. (8/877)

Infection of many cultured cell types with Sindbis virus (SV), an alphavirus, triggers apoptosis through a commonly utilized caspase activation pathway. However, the upstream signals by which SV activates downstream apoptotic effectors, including caspases, remain unclear. Here we report that in AT-3 prostate carcinoma cells, SV infection decreases superoxide (O-2) levels within minutes of infection as monitored by an aconitase activity assay. This SV-induced decrease in O-2 levels appears to activate or modulate cell death, as a recombinant SV expressing the O-2 scavenging enzyme, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD), potentiates SV-induced apoptosis. A recombinant SV expressing a mutant form of SOD, which has reduced SOD activity, has no effect. The potentiation of SV-induced apoptosis by wild type SOD is because of its ability to scavenge intracellular O-2 rather than its ability to promote the generation of hydrogen peroxide. Pyruvate, a peroxide scavenger, does not affect the ability of wild type SOD to potentiate cell death; and increasing the intracellular catalase activity via a recombinant SV vector has no effect on SV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, increasing intracellular O-2 by treatment of 3T3 cells with paraquat protects them from SV-induced death. Altogether, our results suggest that SV may activate apoptosis by reducing intracellular superoxide levels and define a novel redox signaling pathway by which viruses can trigger cell death.  (+info)

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used for controlling weeds and grasses in agricultural settings. It is a non-selective contact weed killer, meaning it kills any green plant it comes into contact with. Paraquat is a fast-acting chemical that causes rapid desiccation of plant tissues upon contact.

In a medical context, paraquat is classified as a toxicological emergency and can cause severe poisoning in humans if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes. Paraquat poisoning can lead to multiple organ failure, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver, and can be fatal in severe cases. There is no specific antidote for paraquat poisoning, and treatment typically focuses on supportive care and managing symptoms.

It's important to note that paraquat is highly regulated and its use is restricted to licensed professionals due to its high toxicity. Proper protective equipment, including gloves, goggles, and respiratory protection, should be used when handling paraquat to minimize the risk of exposure.

Herbicides are a type of pesticide used to control or kill unwanted plants, also known as weeds. They work by interfering with the growth processes of the plant, such as inhibiting photosynthesis, disrupting cell division, or preventing the plant from producing certain essential proteins.

Herbicides can be classified based on their mode of action, chemical composition, and the timing of their application. Some herbicides are selective, meaning they target specific types of weeds while leaving crops unharmed, while others are non-selective and will kill any plant they come into contact with.

It's important to use herbicides responsibly and according to the manufacturer's instructions, as they can have negative impacts on the environment and human health if not used properly.

Maneb is not a term that has a widely accepted medical definition. However, in the field of agriculture and toxicology, Maneb is a commonly used fungicide to control various plant diseases. It is a complex organometallic compound containing manganese.

In some contexts, Maneb may be mentioned in relation to human health because it has been found to have potential reproductive and developmental effects, as well as being potentially carcinogenic. However, it is not considered a medical term or diagnosis. If you have any concerns about exposure to Maneb or its potential health effects, it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional.

Poisoning is defined medically as the harmful, sometimes fatal, effect produced by a substance when it is introduced into or absorbed by living tissue. This can occur through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin. The severity of poisoning depends on the type and amount of toxin involved, the route of exposure, and the individual's age, health status, and susceptibility. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to serious conditions affecting multiple organs, and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, seizures, or unconsciousness. Immediate medical attention is required in cases of poisoning to prevent severe health consequences or death.

Medical Definition:

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This essential antioxidant defense mechanism helps protect the body's cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during normal metabolic processes and can lead to oxidative stress when their levels become too high.

There are three main types of superoxide dismutase found in different cellular locations:
1. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD or SOD1) - Present mainly in the cytoplasm of cells.
2. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) - Located within the mitochondrial matrix.
3. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD or SOD3) - Found in the extracellular spaces, such as blood vessels and connective tissues.

Imbalances in SOD levels or activity have been linked to various pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging-related disorders.

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and the body's ability to detoxify them or repair the damage they cause. This imbalance can lead to cellular damage, oxidation of proteins, lipids, and DNA, disruption of cellular functions, and activation of inflammatory responses. Prolonged or excessive oxidative stress has been linked to various health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging-related diseases.

Carbaryl is a carbamate pesticide that is used to control a wide variety of insects, including fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. It works by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called cholinesterase, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system in insects. This leads to paralysis and death of the pests. Carbaryl is also used in some veterinary products to treat parasitic infestations. It can be found in various forms, such as powders, granules, and solutions, and can be applied to plants, animals, and indoor/outdoor surfaces. However, it can be harmful to non-target organisms, including humans, if not used properly. Therefore, it is important to follow the label instructions carefully when using carbaryl products.

Selenium oxides are inorganic compounds that contain selenium in an oxidized state combined with oxygen. The most common forms of selenium oxides include:

1. Selenium dioxide (SeO2): A red or yellow crystalline solid, selenium dioxide is formed by the oxidation of elemental selenium or by the burning of selenium in air. It is soluble in water and alcohol, forming selenous acid.

2. Selenium trioxide (SeO3): A white crystalline solid, selenium trioxide is a strong oxidizing agent that can react violently with reducing agents. It is used as a catalyst in the industrial production of certain chemicals and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Selenium oxides have been studied for their potential use in various medical applications, such as antimicrobial agents and drug delivery systems. However, they are not currently used as therapeutic agents in clinical medicine due to their toxicity and potential health hazards.

... paraquat]0: [paraquat]•+ + e− ↽ − ⇀ {\displaystyle {\ce {<=>>}}} [paraquat]0 As an herbicide, paraquat acts by inhibiting ... The indiscriminate paraquat murders, which occurred in Japan in 1985, were carried out using paraquat as a poison. Paraquat was ... Thus, paraquat has been banned in the European Union since 2007. In the United States, paraquat is available primarily as a ... Paraquat is toxic to humans (Category II) by the oral route and moderately toxic (Category III) through the skin. Pure paraquat ...
The paraquat murders were a series of indiscriminate beverage poisonings carried out in Japan in 1985. The drinks were placed ... Taking advantage of this, the criminal laced Ornamin C bottles with paraquat and placed them in and on top of vending machines ... All the beverages were poisoned with the herbicide paraquat, except for one which was poisoned with diquat. Police were unable ... Nadrich, Jeffrey (2021-08-26). "The Paraquat Vending Machine Murders". Nadrich & Cohen Accident Injury Lawyers. Retrieved 2022- ...
... (formally a derivative of paraquat) belongs to the class of cyclophanes, and consists of ... While the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) surroundings the TTF unit in the rest position, the DNP unit is stable when the TTF is ... Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) is able to incorporate small guest molecules forming a host-guest complex. The interactions ... To create catenanes, the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) can be used as a template to "thread" a crown ether with a π-donor ...
The report discussed the use and safety considerations of paraquat. The plan would have been to aerially dispense paraquat over ... "Paraquat". High Times. 1 (91). 1983. Cohen, Jessica Kim (February 14, 2019). "Google, Mitre Corp. to bring 'synthetic' patient ... A study conducted on rats by Imperial Chemical Industries was cited in the report, and claimed low health risks for paraquat. ... "This study should not be used to calculate the safe inhalation dose of paraquat in humans." During the 1980s, MITRE worked on a ...
"Operation Paraquat". Archived from the original on 2012-11-22. Retrieved 2012-12-06. Rossiter 2007, pp. 189-199. Van Der Bijl ... Officially named "Operation Paraquet", an alternative spelling of parakeet, it was known among British troops as "Paraquat", ...
doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8850-0_2. ISBN 978-1-4613-8852-4. "Paraquat and Diquat". IPCS INCHEM. Archived from the original on 2018 ... Other names include Aquacide, Dextrone, Preeglone, Deiquat, Spectracide, Detrone, Tribune and Weedtrine-D. Paraquat Pesticide ... World Health Organization (1985). Paraquat and Diquat (Environmental Health Criteria). ISBN 9789241540995. Kaloyanova, Fina P ... were capable of being converted by reducing agents to radical cations had herbicidal activity and another of these was paraquat ...
Paraquat is used for weeding and grass control. It is so toxic that blue dye is added so it is not confused with coffee, a ... "Facts about Paraquat". Centers for Disease Control and Preventions. April 4, 2018. Archived from the original on February 18, ...
is mainly used as a precursor to N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium [(C5H4NCH3)2]2+, known as paraquat. 4,4′-Bipyridine was first ... "Paraquat and Diquat". IPCS INCHEM. Tsurugi, Hayato; Mashima, Kazushi (2019). "Salt-Free Reduction of Transition Metal Complexes ... 4,4'-Bipyridine is an intermediate in the production of paraquat, a widely-used herbicide. In this process, pyridine is ... oxidized to 4,4'-bipyridine in a coupling reaction, followed by dimethylation to form paraquat. The reducing agent is N,N'-bis( ...
Another herbicide is Paraquat. It is highly toxic but it rapidly degrades in soil due to the action of bacteria and does not ... ". "Paraquat poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-01. Tomizawa, Motohiro (2005). " ...
"Paraquat in Developing Countries". International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health. 7 (4): 275-286. doi:10.1179/ ...
Matthew, Henry; Logan, Andrew; Woodruff, M. F. A.; Heard, Brian (1968). "Paraquat Poisoning-Lung Transplantation". British ... on a patient whose lungs had been damaged by paraquat poisoning. He became president of the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery ...
Paraquat and Parkinson's Disease". Environmental Health Perspectives. 119 (6): 866-72. doi:10.1289/ehp.1002839. ISSN 0091-6765 ...
Roberts, Kelly (April 27, 1978). "Paraquat: Marijuana moratorium suggested" (PDF). The Daily Iowan. "UBC EMERITUS COLLEGE ...
This study found that paraquat was effective in controlling medusahead in California, but did not suppress the grass in Reno, ... In the late 1960s, a study was conducted that determined the effectiveness of paraquat on medusahead control in different areas ... 1971). Response of medusahead to paraquat. Journal of Range Management 24:1 41-43. Grey, W.E., et al. (1995). Potential for ...
The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the 1930s, paraquat was being used as an ... Compound 3 is a very strong reducing agent, with a redox potential of −1.48 V. The widely used herbicide paraquat is a viologen ... cite book}}: ,journal= ignored (help) Bus, J S; Aust, S D; Gibson, J E (1 August 1976). "Paraquat toxicity: proposed mechanism ... Common derivatives are methyl (see paraquat), long chain alkyl, and benzyl. Viologens, in their dicationic form, typically ...
"Operation Paraquat: The Recapture of South Georgia". Britains-SmallWars.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2000. ...
Syngenta's cyclohexadione-type mesotrione and paraquat dichloride. Within insecticides, the traditional organophosphates, like ...
"SLASH AND GEORGE THOROGOOD THE CANYON CLUB KMET PARAQUAT KELLEY BENEFIT 12/14/2014". California Rock News. 15 December 2014. ... "Benefit Concert Honoring Pat "Paraquat" Kelley Announced". AllAccess. 3 November 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2021. "KMET alumni ... KMET hosted a benefit concert for Pat Paraquat Kelley; with an unannounced guest-appearance by Slash. On December 28, 2014, ... plan benefit concert for 'Paraquat' Kelley". DailyNews. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2021. " ...
"Man Found Guilty of Poisoning Wife with Paraquat". Apnewsarchive.com. "People v. Clark (1992) 3 C4th 41". Online.ceb.com. ...
In a Science Digest article (Paraquat: a Potent Weed Killer is Killing People), it is recommended that a paraquat poisoning ... Paraquat: A potent weed killer is killing people. Science Digest 91(6):36-38, 42, 100-104. Kwong, A.M.; Henry, J. (2003). "Why ... victim promptly swallow dirt, even at the risk of salmonella, because paraquat is deactivated upon contact with soil. Otherwise ...
"Man Found Guilty of Poisoning Wife With Paraquat". AP News. April 15, 1986. Nate Gartrelldate=April 8, 2021. "'I killed Roger ...
Paraquat also produces Parkinsonian-like symptoms in rodents.[citation needed] Fibrosis or scar formation is another pro- ... The pulmonary fibrosis produced by paraquat and the antitumor agent bleomycin is also thought to be induced by the pro-oxidant ... The pro-oxidant herbicide paraquat, Wilson's disease, and striatal iron have similarly been linked to human Parkinsonism. ...
... using the herbicide paraquat. Citizens and a congressman objected, noting paraquat's dangers, and a temporary restraining order ... The federal Drug Abuse Policy Officer Pat McKelvey rebutted that paraquat is a safe and widely used herbicide, and alleged that ... 221-. ISBN 978-0-88146-125-1. Russakoff, Dale (August 25, 1983). "Use of Paraquat to Kill Marijuana Stirs Protests". The ...
Paraquat is a nonselective contact herbicide used for no-till burndown and in aerial destruction of marijuana and coca ... The herbicide paraquat is suspected to be one such factor. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) ... Dinis-Oliveira, R.J.; Remião, F.; Carmo, H.; Duarte, J.A.; Navarro, A. Sánchez; Bastos, M.L.; Carvalho, F. (2006). "Paraquat ... Paraquat, glufosinate, and glyphosate are non-selective herbicides. Preplant: Preplant herbicides are nonselective herbicides ...
A bottle of paraquat, complete with Catlin's fingerprints, was found in his garage.[citation needed] On December 23, 1985, ... Analysis of tissue samples from his mother and his two late wives revealed that all had suffered poisoning from paraquat, a ... "Man Found Guilty of Poisoning Wife With Paraquat". www.apnewsarchive.com. Retrieved 2016-09-14. "The State". Los Angeles Times ...
In paraquat and diquat poisoning, however, oxygen is contraindicated. Gupta RC (28 April 2011). Toxicology of Organophosphate ...
Paraquat, whose use is banned by 47 to 53 nations (sources vary), is permitted for agricultural use in Thailand. It is sold ... On 27 November 2019, the NHSC amended that timetable, moving the date for the ban of paraquat and chlorpyrifos to 1 June 2020. ... The ban is opposed by agricultural interests, the Agriculture Ministry and the Industry Ministry who claim that a paraquat ban ... In 2011 and 2012, researchers in Nan Province found paraquat contamination in all vegetables and fish sampled. In Lampang and ...
Paraquat 1,1'-dimethyl-4-4'-bipyridinium dichloride (Paraquat) is a nonselective herbicide (Figure 7). Human exposure to this ... Paraquat has the capability to cross the BBB and is selective to dopamine neurons when injected via stereotaxic injections in ... Similar to rotenone, paraquat can also be administered peripherally, however, this can lead to systemic toxicity. It is found ... Gao, Lina; Yuan, Huiya; Xu, Enyu; Liu, Junting (2020-02-04). "Toxicology of paraquat and pharmacology of the protective effect ...
"Overexpression of VDUP1 mRNA sensitizes HeLa cells to paraquat". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 293 (1): ...
Naidu, Jennis (11 October 2019). "Paraquat, Imidacloprid Pesticide To Be Banned From January, 2020". Fiji Sun. Retrieved 23 ...
... paraquat]0: [paraquat]•+ + e− ↽ − ⇀ {\displaystyle {\ce {<=>>}}} [paraquat]0 As an herbicide, paraquat acts by inhibiting ... The indiscriminate paraquat murders, which occurred in Japan in 1985, were carried out using paraquat as a poison. Paraquat was ... Thus, paraquat has been banned in the European Union since 2007. In the United States, paraquat is available primarily as a ... Paraquat is toxic to humans (Category II) by the oral route and moderately toxic (Category III) through the skin. Pure paraquat ...
What paraquat is *Paraquat is a toxic chemical that is widely used as an herbicide (plant killer), primarily for weed and grass ... How paraquat works *The extent of poisoning caused by paraquat depends on the amount, route, and duration of exposure and the ... Paraquat can be mixed easily with food, water, or other beverages. If the form of paraquat that is used does not contain the ... Worldwide, paraquat is still one of the most commonly used herbicides. *In the United States, due to its toxicity, paraquat is ...
Paraquat - Propoxur. Windows 95, 98, and NT. Point and click your mouse on the background of interest and download it directly ...
Paraquat drift may result in significant damage to rice, according to Jason Bond, Mississippi State University Extension and ... Mississippi rice: Paraquat driftMississippi rice: Paraquat drift. Paraquat drift may result in significant damage to rice, ... Paraquat use. Its not uncommon in Mississippi to use paraquat twice early to control ryegrass, and depending on the crop and ... Paraquat alone does not hinder a replant, but treatments such as s-metolachlor cause problems when added to paraquat. ...
Ancom Nylex Bhds agriculture chemicals business is set to benefit from the ban on use of paraquat in Thailand and Brazil. ... The paraquat replacement market in Thailand is estimated to range between US$60mil and US$80mil (RM261mil and RM349mil) ... PETALING JAYA: Ancom Nylex Bhds agriculture chemicals business is set to benefit from the ban on use of paraquat in Thailand ... "We note the group is also working on getting both formulations to Brazil for the soybean industry - which has a paraquat ...
Samples of paraquat dichloride and paraquat dimethosulphate are equitoxic when the LD50 is expressed as mg. paraquat ion/kg. ... There is evidence that much of the mortality resulting from dermal application of paraquat in the rabbit is caused not by ... The pathological lesions attributable to paraquat are described in some detail. Among the most unusual is a peculiar ... evidence suggests that once the condition is initiated it often proceeds in the absence of further exposure to paraquat until ...
People filing paraquat lawsuits claim they developed Parkinsons disease from long-term exposure to the herbicide. Learn about ... Home Paraquat Lawsuits. Paraquat Lawsuits. Paraquat lawsuits claim that long-term paraquat exposure causes Parkinsons disease ... Questions to Ask a Paraquat Attorney. Do I qualify to file a paraquat lawsuit? Simply being exposed to paraquat and developing ... Who Can File a Paraquat Lawsuit?. People who worked around paraquat or were exposed to paraquat regularly and later developed ...
Additionally, Paraquat was the second most commonly used means of suicide, involving 117 cases which equates for 21 percent of ... "Paraquat is moderately toxic to birds and can affect reproduction or the hatchability of eggs. Freshly sprayed plants are ... "This ban is imperative due to a number of factors; Paraquat will be banned because of its effect on human health, exposure to ... As alternatives to paraquat, farmers can use these available chemicals in the local market; Glufosinate Ammonium, Quizalofop-P- ...
New research has found a link between Parkinsons and the low amounts of the herbicide paraquat. 6 Paraquat is one of the most ... Paraquat has been used in the Drug War to kill cannabis plants during the Reagan administration. 8 9 Despite knowing the how ... The link between paraquat and Parkinsons has been theorized in the past, and there have been lawsuits.10 Prior research has ... lawsuit/paraquat-lawsuit-paraquat-linked-to-parkinsons-disease/ ... Paraquat has been banned in the European Union and China. It is ...
Paraquat (PIM 399) Paraquat (JMPR Evaluations 2003 Part II Toxicological) Paraquat (AGP:1970/M/12/1) Paraquat (WHO Pesticide ... The paraquat in the faeces was due primarily to elimination of unabsorbed paraquat. The prolonged elimination of paraquat in ... No changes due to paraquat were seen in animals receiving 25 ppm paraquat. The authors concluded that paraquat had no effect on ... 0.97 g/paraquat/m3 air, which is 1% or less of a TLV of 0.1 mg/m3 for respirable paraquat. Urine levels of paraquat were ...
What paraquat is *Paraquat is a toxic chemical that is widely used as an herbicide (plant killer), primarily for weed and grass ... How paraquat works *The extent of poisoning caused by paraquat depends on the amount, route, and duration of exposure and the ... Paraquat can be mixed easily with food, water, or other beverages. If the form of paraquat that is used does not contain the ... Worldwide, paraquat is still one of the most commonly used herbicides. *In the United States, due to its toxicity, paraquat is ...
How to join the class action Paraquat lawsuit and expected settlement amounts. ... Home Paraquat Lawsuit for Parkinsons Disease. Paraquat Lawsuit for Parkinsons Disease. If you were exposed to Paraquat and ... What Is Paraquat?. Paraquat (paraquat dichloride) is a highlyextremely toxic chemical used to kill weeds, grass, and other ... The Paraquat attorneys at Miller & Zois are currently seeking new Paraquat cases. If you used or were exposed to Paraquat and ...
Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide which has been widely used in agriculture and associated with PD. PQ is known to cause an ... Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide which has been widely used in agriculture and associated with PD. PQ is known to cause an ... Chronic Exposure to Paraquat Induces Alpha-Synuclein Pathogenic Modifications in Drosophila by Jean-Noël Arsac ... Rotenone, Paraquat, and Parkinsons Disease. Environ. Health Perspect. 2011, 119, 866-872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green ...
Paraquat is not licensed for home use.. Research has shown that exposure to Paraquat crosses the blood-brain barrier and ... Paraquat Health Effects. Paraquat is a powerful, toxic chemical introduced in 1961 for commercial purposes as an herbicide for ... Paraquat. Since the 1960s, Paraquat has been a commonly used herbicide in commercial farming and the agricultural community ... It is estimated that more and more farmers are turning to Paraquat-based products each year due to the fact that crops are ...
... ... Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; Paraquat; Superoxide dismutase null ... were challenged with loss of Superoxide dismutase activity or chronic or acute exposure to the oxidizing chemical paraquat. ...
The Paraquat litigation is focused on the link between Paraquat exposure and an increased risk of developing Parkinsons ... Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide used to control weeds and grasses in a variety of crops. It works by interfering with ... The Paraquat litigation continues to move toward trial dates in both the national MDL venued in Southern Illinois (where ... Expert depositions are almost all complete, and the volume of new Paraquat Parkinsons disease cases being filed continues to ...
... our lawyers have helped clients understand their rights in Paraquat litigation. Need help? CALL us now! ... What Is Paraquat?. Paraquat dichloride (known as Paraquat) is a toxic weed killer used in agriculture, primarily on commercial ... What Is a Paraquat Settlement?. Manufacturers of Paraquat products may have known about the link between Paraquat and ... Paraquat Exposure. Agricultural workers are most vulnerable to Paraquat exposure, but others can be exposed to Paraquat too. ...
Paraquat is a herbicide used world wide. The authors report on 25 cases of Paraquat poisoning in the state of Chiapas, Mexico ... Paraquat Poisoning in Southern Mexico: a Report of 25 Cases Tinoco R~~Tinoco R~~et al ... Attention to the law, redesign of paraquat packaging and educational efforts directed at populations at risk might be effective ...
... the deadly pesticide paraquat moved a step closer to global phaseout. Paraquat is widely known in the developing world as the ... Syngentas paraquat up for global review One government stands up to Syngenta Industry shenanigans delay action on paraquat ... Earlier this month in Rome, the deadly pesticide paraquat moved a step closer to global phaseout. Paraquat is widely known in ... Paraquat is one of the deadliest pesticides available in the world today. It is responsible for a huge proportion of the more ...
A former Paraquat applicator says he was told the herbicide was toxic, but not that it could cause Parkinsons disease in a ... More Paraquat Lawsuit Stories. Paraquat MDL Judge To Evaluate Expert Testimony About Parkinsons Disease Risk on August 21. 08/ ... Paraquat Parkinsons Disease Lawsuits. Exposure to the toxic herbicide Paraquat has been linked to a risk of Parkinsons ... Did you get Parkinsons after exposure to Paraquat? Exposure to the toxic herbicide Paraquat has been linked to a risk of ...
The functionalized surface is used for selective recognition of paraquat by a wettability switch. Impedance measurements showed ... that the surface also expresses recognition for paraquat with a high ... paraquat. by a wettability switch. Impedance measurements showed that the surface also expresses recognition for paraquat. with ... paraquat. based on clicking calix[4]arene G. Zhang, X. Zhu, F. Miao, D. Tian and H. Li, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2012, 10, 3185 DOI ...
Read about Paraquat and Parkinsons: The Link & find the top attorneys for your needs in every major city in the U.S. and a ... Paraquat is a highly volatile herbicide manufactured by the Syngenta Group, Chevron Chemical Company, the Adama Group and ... While paraquat has seen heavy use in recent years, some prominent groups have been investigating the herbicides potential ... This has been supported by studies as recent as 2021, and paraquat has been officially linked to Parkinsons by the Micheal J. ...
The synthesis of a pyrrole-functionalized cyclobis( paraquat-p-phenylene) derivative and its corresponding [2]rotaxane and [2] ... paraquat-p-phenylene) derivative and its corresponding [2]rotaxane and [2]catenane and their subsequent deposition onto an ...
Here are some steps to take if you get exposed to the products that contain Paraquat. ... Paraquat is sold worldwide under several brands or trade names. ... Why is Paraquat Dangerous?. Paraquat is dangerous because its ... Related Article: Paraquat Lawsuit Update. What Brand Names Is Paraquat Sold Under?. Paraquat has been used in the US since the ... Which Companies Manufacture Paraquat?. There are many manufacturers of paraquat in the US. Knowing paraquat manufacturers can ...
... and EPA decides weed killer Paraquat okay for another 15 years. ... First approved in 1964, paraquat is used on invasive weeds and ... Dominican Containment of ASF and EPA Decision on Weed Killer Paraquat. Wednesday Aug 11th, 2021 268 Views The Agribusiness ... After nine months of review, the EPA finalized its interim decision on the weedkiller paraquat last Monday, effectively keeping ... www.agriculture.com/news/crops/epa-renews-approval-of-paraquat-including-aerial-application. ...
A paraquat lawsuit can recover compensation for people who developed Parkinsons disease from paraquat exposure. ... FAQs About Paraquat Lawsuits. Does Roundup have paraquat?. No, Roundup does not contain paraquat. The active ingredient in the ... How does paraquat cause Parkinsons?. When a person inhales paraquat fumes or gets paraquat on the skin, the herbicide spreads ... Paraquat Poisoning Symptoms. Even brief exposure to paraquat can lead to paraquat poisoning. However, prolonged exposure or ...
... it is necessary to have a paraquat certification in order to use the herbicide. ... Why is the EPA taking mitigation measures for the use of paraquat?. In 2016, the EPA noted the illegal transfer of paraquat to ... What should I do if Ive been exposed to paraquat?. If you believe to have been exposed to paraquat on your clothing or body, ... What is paraquat?. Paraquat is a popular herbicide used to kill unwanted weeds and grasses and used to replace Roundup, another ...
If you or a loved one was harmed by paraquat in Fairfax, Virginia, you could be eligible to file a lawsuit against the ... People who live close to farms that use paraquat. How Paraquat Affects Humans. As mentioned, exposure to paraquat has been ... Home»Paraquat Lawsuit Lawyer»Fairfax. Paraquat is one of the most dangerous yet commonly used herbicides. According to the ... Fairfax Paraquat Lawsuit Lawyer Near Me 571-229-1800. The Parrish Law Firm, PLLC, Can Fight for You Throughout the Paraquat ...
Its called paraquat.. You may have heard of it. It made headlines in the 1970s when the American government sprayed it on ...

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