Papillary muscles. Medical search

Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

The tendinous cords that connect each cusp of the two atrioventricular HEART VALVES to appropriate PAPILLARY MUSCLES in the HEART VENTRICLES, preventing the valves from reversing themselves when the ventricles contract.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Large, multinucleate single cells, either cylindrical or prismatic in shape, that form the basic unit of SKELETAL MUSCLE. They consist of MYOFIBRILS enclosed within and attached to the SARCOLEMMA. They are derived from the fusion of skeletal myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SKELETAL) into a syncytium, followed by differentiation.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Developmental events leading to the formation of adult muscular system, which includes differentiation of the various types of muscle cell precursors, migration of myoblasts, activation of myogenesis and development of muscle anchorage.

The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A state arrived at through prolonged and strong contraction of a muscle. Studies in athletes during prolonged submaximal exercise have shown that muscle fatigue increases in almost direct proportion to the rate of muscle glycogen depletion. Muscle fatigue in short-term maximal exercise is associated with oxygen lack and an increased level of blood and muscle lactic acid, and an accompanying increase in hydrogen-ion concentration in the exercised muscle.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type II MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have high ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment. Several fast types have been identified.

The resection or removal of the innervation of a muscle or muscle tissue.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

Skeletal muscle fibers characterized by their expression of the Type I MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN isoforms which have low ATPase activity and effect several other functional properties - shortening velocity, power output, rate of tension redevelopment.

A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea. It emits visible light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace amount of calcium ion is added. The light-emitting moiety in the bioluminescence reaction is believed to be 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (AF-350).

Laceration or tearing of cardiac tissues appearing after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Motion picture study of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen.

The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).

Disease-related laceration or tearing of tissues of the heart, including the free-wall MYOCARDIUM; HEART SEPTUM; PAPILLARY MUSCLES; CHORDAE TENDINEAE; and any of the HEART VALVES. Pathological rupture usually results from myocardial infarction (HEART RUPTURE, POST-INFARCTION).

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

One of two types of muscle in the body, characterized by the array of bands observed under microscope. Striated muscles can be divided into two subtypes: the CARDIAC MUSCLE and the SKELETAL MUSCLE.

The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). They are composed of a bundle of encapsulated SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS, i.e., the intrafusal fibers (nuclear bag 1 fibers, nuclear bag 2 fibers, and nuclear chain fibers) innervated by SENSORY NEURONS.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

Modified cardiac muscle fibers composing the terminal portion of the heart conduction system.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

These include the muscles of the DIAPHRAGM and the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the HEART VENTRICLES.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The long cylindrical contractile organelles of STRIATED MUSCLE cells composed of ACTIN FILAMENTS; MYOSIN filaments; and other proteins organized in arrays of repeating units called SARCOMERES .

A type of heart valve surgery that involves the repair, replacement, or reconstruction of the annulus of the MITRAL VALVE. It includes shortening the circumference of the annulus to improve valve closing capacity and reinforcing the annulus as a step in more complex valve repairs.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

The innermost layer of the heart, comprised of endothelial cells.

Muscles forming the ABDOMINAL WALL including RECTUS ABDOMINIS, external and internal oblique muscles, transversus abdominis, and quadratus abdominis. (from Stedman, 25th ed)

The quadriceps femoris. A collective name of the four-headed skeletal muscle of the thigh, comprised of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (MUSCLE FIBERS, SKELETAL), cardiac (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC), and smooth (MYOCYTES, SMOOTH MUSCLE). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called MYOBLASTS.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The circulation in a portion of the body of one individual of blood supplied from another individual.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws.

A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).

Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.

Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Muscles arising in the zygomatic arch that close the jaw. Their nerve supply is masseteric from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

Respiratory muscles that arise from the lower border of one rib and insert into the upper border of the adjoining rib, and contract during inspiration or respiration. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Elongated, spindle-shaped, quiescent myoblasts lying in close contact with adult skeletal muscle. They are thought to play a role in muscle repair and regeneration.

A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The excitable plasma membrane of a muscle cell. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A network of tubules and sacs in the cytoplasm of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that assist with muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.

An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.

The pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that make up the upper and fore part of the chest in front of the AXILLA.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

The period of time following the triggering of an ACTION POTENTIAL when the CELL MEMBRANE has changed to an unexcitable state and is gradually restored to the resting (excitable) state. During the absolute refractory period no other stimulus can trigger a response. This is followed by the relative refractory period during which the cell gradually becomes more excitable and the stronger impulse that is required to illicit a response gradually lessens to that required during the resting state.

Agents that have a strengthening effect on the heart or that can increase cardiac output. They may be CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; SYMPATHOMIMETICS; or other drugs. They are used after MYOCARDIAL INFARCT; CARDIAC SURGICAL PROCEDURES; in SHOCK; or in congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).

The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.

Echocardiography amplified by the addition of depth to the conventional two-dimensional ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY visualizing only the length and width of the heart. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging was first described in 1961 but its application to echocardiography did not take place until 1974. (Mayo Clin Proc 1993;68:221-40)

Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Abnormal protrusion or billowing of one or both of the leaflets of MITRAL VALVE into the LEFT ATRIUM during SYSTOLE. This allows the backflow of blood into left atrium leading to MITRAL VALVE INSUFFICIENCY; SYSTOLIC MURMURS; or CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA.

A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues using a transducer placed in the esophagus.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Surgical insertion of synthetic material to repair injured or diseased heart valves.

A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.

Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

An adrenergic beta-agonist used as a bronchodilator agent in asthma therapy.

Carrier of aroma of butter, vinegar, coffee, and other foods.

A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.

Germine derivatives acetylated on any one or more of the hydroxy groups. These compounds are present in many polyester alkaloids which occur in Veratrum and Zygadenus species. They are used as antihypertensive agents, and in some cases, exhibit curare-like activity.

A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).

A highly toxic saponin occurring in HOLOTHUROIDEA. This marine toxin is an anionic surfactant, hemolyzing ERYTHROCYTES.

A masticatory muscle whose action is closing the jaws; its posterior portion retracts the mandible.

This structure includes the thin muscular atrial septum between the two HEART ATRIA, and the thick muscular ventricular septum between the two HEART VENTRICLES.

Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.

A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.

The repeating contractile units of the MYOFIBRIL, delimited by Z bands along its length.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

Surgery performed on the heart.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

Automatic activity in depolarized guinea pig ventricular myocardium. Characteristics and mechanisms. (1/1104)

Membrane potential was changed uniformly in segments, 0.7-1.0 mm long, of guinea pig papillary muscles excised from the right ventricle by using extracellular polarizing current pulses applied across two electrically insulated cf preparations superfused with Tyrode's solution at maximum diastolic membrane potentials ranging from-35.2+/-7.5 (threshold) to +4.0+/-9.2 mV. The average maximum dV/dt of RAD ranged from 17.1 to 18.0 V/sec within a membrane potential range of -40 to +20 mV. Raising extracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]0 from 1.8 to 6.8 mM, or application of isoproterenol (10(-6)g/ml) enhanced the rate of RAD, but lowering [Ca2+]0 to 0.4 mM or exposure to MnCl2 (6 mM) abolished RAD. RAD were enhanced by lowering extracellular K+ concentration [K+]0 from 5.4 to 1.5 mM. RAD were suppressed in 40% of fibers by raising [K+]0 to 15.4 mM, and in all fibers by raising [K+]0 to 40.4 mM. This suppression was due to increased [K+]0 and not to K-induced depolarization because it persisted when membrane potential was held by means of a conditioning hyperpolarizing puled gradually after maximum repolarization. These observations suggest that the development of RAD in depolarized myocardium is associated with a time-dependent decrease in outward current (probably K current) and with increase in the background inward current, presumably flowing through the slow cha-nel carrying Ca or Na ions, or both. (+info)

Simultaneous assessment of effects of coronary vasodilators on the coronary blood flow and the myocardial contractility by using the blood-perfused canine papillary muscle. (2/1104)

Effects of 6 coronary vasodilators on the coronary blood flow and the contractile force of the ventricular muscle were examined simultaneously by injecting these drugs to the arterially blood-perfused canine papillary muscle preparation. All compounds produced a dose-dependent increase in blood flow rate, and relative potencies determined on the basis of doses producing a 100% increase in blood flow rate, ED100, were in the descending order : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem greater than dilazep greater than dipyridamole greater than carbochromen, and approximately 1 : 1/12 : 1/26 : 1/100 : 1/300 : 1/500. All drugs except for dipyridamole caused a dose-dependent decrease in the developed tension of the papillary muscle, although nifedipine and diltiazem in low doses produced a slight increase. Relative potencies determined on the basis of doses producing a 50% decrease in developed tension, ID50, were as follows: nifedipine (1), verapamil (1/13), diltiazem (1/40), dilazep (1/100), and carbochromen (1/270). Ratios of the ID50 to ED100 were as follows: diltiazem (5.2), nifedipine (3.5), verapamil (3.5), dilazep (2.5), and carbochromen (1.8). The higher the value the more predominant on the coronary vascular bed or the less depressant on the myocardial contractility were their actions. (+info)

Electrical and mechanical responses to diltiazem in potassium depolarized myocardium of the guinea pig. (3/1104)

Effects of diltiazem on the electrical and mechanical activities of guinea pig papillary muscle were investigated in K-rich Tyrode's solution (Kc1 12.7 mM). The electrical properties of cell membrane in K-rich solution were also examined in the ventricular muscle fibers. It was found that the overshoot as well as the maximum rate of rise (Vmax) of the action potential were highly sensitive to the extracellular concentration of CaC12 in K-rich solution. Vmax was also affected by NaC1. Diltiazem at a lower concentration (1.1 X 10(-7) M) caused a reduction in the contractile force of K-depolarized papillary muscle without producing significant changes in the resting and action potentials. In the presence of a higher concentration of diltiazem (1.1 X 10(-5) M), the contractile force decreased concurrently with the change in the action potential. Addition of CaC12 restored the original strength of contraction in parallel to the recovery of the action potential, especially in its overshoot and Vmax. From these results, it is inferred that diltiazem may decrease the contractile force of guinea pig papillary muscle either by interfering with the intrasmembrane calcium influx or by intracellularly reducing the free calcium ion concentration in the myoplasm. (+info)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (4/1104)

A mutation in the cardiac beta-myosin heavy chain, Arg403Gln (R403Q), causes a severe form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) in humans. We used small-amplitude (0.25%) length-perturbation analysis to examine the mechanical properties of skinned left ventricular papillary muscle strips from mouse hearts bearing the R403Q mutation in the alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC403/+). Myofibrillar disarray with variable penetrance occurred in the left ventricular free wall of the alphaMHC403/+ hearts. In resting strips (pCa 8), dynamic stiffness was approximately 40% greater than in wild-type strips, consistent with elevated diastolic stiffness reported for murine hearts with FHC. At pCa 6 (submaximal activation), strip isometric tension was approximately 3 times higher than for wild-type strips, whereas at pCa 5 (maximal activation), tension was marginally lower. At submaximal calcium activation the characteristic frequencies of the work-producing (b) and work-absorbing (c) steps of the crossbridge were less in alphaMHC403/+ strips than in wild-type strips (b=11+/-1 versus 15+/-1 Hz; c= 58+/-3 versus 66+/-3 Hz; 27 degrees C). At maximal calcium activation, strip oscillatory power was reduced (0. 53+/-0.25 versus 1.03+/-0.18 mW/mm3; 27 degrees C), which is partly attributable to the reduced frequency b, at which crossbridge work is maximum. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the R403Q mutation reduces the strong binding affinity of myosin for actin. Myosin heads may accumulate in a preforce state that promotes cooperative activation of the thin filament at submaximal calcium but blunts maximal tension and oscillatory power output at maximal calcium. The calcium-dependent effect of the mutation (whether facilitating or debilitating), together with a variable degree of fibrosis and myofibrillar disorder, may contribute to the diversity of clinical symptoms observed in murine FHC. (+info)

Phospholamban-to-SERCA2 ratio controls the force-frequency relationship. (5/1104)

The force-frequency relationship (FFR) describes the frequency-dependent potentiation of cardiac contractility. The interaction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-adenosinetriphosphatase (SERCA2) with its inhibitory protein phospholamban (PLB) might be involved in the control of the FFR. The FFR was analyzed in two systems in which the PLB-to-SERCA2 ratio was modulated. Adult rabbit cardiac myocytes were transduced with adenovirus encoding for SERCA2, PLB, and beta-galactosidase (control). After 3 days, the relative PLB/SERCA2 values were significantly different between groups (SERCA2, 0.5; control, 1.0; PLB, 4.5). SERCA2 overexpression shortened relaxation by 23% relative to control, whereas PLB prolonged relaxation by 39% and reduced contractility by 47% (0.1 Hz). When the stimulation frequency was increased to 1.5 Hz, myocyte contractility was increased by 30% in control myocytes. PLB-overexpressing myocytes showed an augmented positive FFR (+78%), whereas SERCA2-transduced myocytes displayed a negative FFR (-15%). A more negative FFR was also found in papillary muscles from SERCA2 transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate that the ratio of phospholamban to SERCA2 is an important component in the control of the FFR. (+info)

Effects of AT1 receptor blockade after myocardial infarct on myocardial fibrosis, stiffness, and contractility. (6/1104)

Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade attenuates myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether inhibition of fibrosis by AT1 receptor blockade influences myocardial stiffness and contractility is unknown. We measured left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, papillary muscle function, and myocardial stiffness and fibrosis in rats randomized to losartan or placebo 1 day after MI and treated subsequently for 8 wk. Losartan decreased LV and right ventricular weights as well as mean aortic and LV systolic pressures in sham and MI rats. LV end-diastolic pressure increased after MI and was decreased with losartan. Maximal developed tension and peak rate of tension rise and decline were decreased in MI vs. sham rats. Interstitial fibrosis developed after MI and was prevented in losartan-treated MI rats. The development of abnormal myocardial stiffness after MI was prevented by losartan. After MI, AT1 receptor blockade prevents an abnormal increase in myocardial collagen content. This effect was associated with a normalization of passive myocardial stiffness. (+info)

Regulation of energy consumption in cardiac muscle: analysis of isometric contractions. (7/1104)

The well-known linear relationship between oxygen consumption and force-length area or the force-time integral is analyzed here for isometric contractions. The analysis, which is based on a biochemical model that couples calcium kinetics with cross-bridge cycling, indicates that the change in the number of force-generating cross bridges with the change in the sarcomere length depends on the force generated by the cross bridges. This positive-feedback phenomenon is consistent with our reported cooperativity mechanism, whereby the affinity of the troponin for calcium and, hence, cross-bridge recruitment depends on the number of force-generating cross bridges. Moreover, it is demonstrated that a model that does not include a feedback mechanism cannot describe the dependence of energy consumption on the loading conditions. The cooperativity mechanism, which has been shown to determine the force-length relationship and the related Frank-Starling law, is shown here to provide the basis for the regulation of energy consumption in the cardiac muscle. (+info)

Electrophysiologic effect of enalapril on guinea pig papillary muscles in vitro. (8/1104)

AIM: To study the direct effect of enalapril on cellular electrophysiology of myocardium. METHODS: Conventional microelectrodes technique was used to record the action potentials (AP) of guinea pig papillary muscles. RESULTS: Enalapril caused an increase of the AP amplitude (APA) and the resting potential (RP) in a concentration-dependent manner without any significant change of AP duration, Vmax and overshoot of AP. Superfusion of ouabain 0.5 mumol.L-1 reduced APA and RP, induced stable delayed after-depolarizations (DAD) at different basic cycle lengths (BCL) in a frequency-dependent manner. At BCL 200 ms, the amplitude of DAD was large enough to induce nonsustained triggered activity (TA). In additional presence of enalapril 10 mumol.L-1, the DAD amplitude at 500, 400, 300, and 200 ms were decreased from 5.3 +/- 2.3, 5.9 +/- 2.8, 7.4 +/- 2.1, and 8.9 +/- 1.3 to 2.6 +/- 0.7, 3.1 +/- 1.0, 3.7 +/- 1.5, and 5.3 +/- 1.1 (mV) respectively, all P < 0.01. The compensation intervals were increased in a similar frequency-dependent manner. The number of TA induced at BCL 200 ms was decreased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Enalapril directly inhibits DAD and TA induced by ouabain through increasing RP and APA, which may contribute to its anti-arrhythmic effect. (+info)

... papillary muscles and chordae tendineae Papillary muscle infarction Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae Papillary muscles ... The papillary muscles constitute about 10% of the total heart mass. There are five total papillary muscles in the heart; three ... hence RCA occlusion can cause papillary muscle rupture. The papillary muscles of both the right and left ventricles begin to ... The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_muscle

These cusps are also attached via chordae tendinae to two papillary muscles projecting from the ventricular wall. The papillary ... which connect to chordae tendinae and three papillary muscles named the anterior, posterior, and septal muscles, after their ... The semilunar aortic valve is at the base of the aorta and also is not attached to papillary muscles. This too has three cusps ... "Papillary Muscles". Atlas of Human Cardiac Anatomy. Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart

The U wave represents papillary muscle repolarization. Changes in the structure of the heart and its surroundings (including ... Artifacts are distorted signals caused by a secondary internal or external sources, such as muscle movement or interference ... These electrodes detect the small electrical changes that are a consequence of cardiac muscle depolarization followed by ... the presence of any damage to the heart's muscle cells or conduction system, the effects of heart drugs, and the function of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocardiography

... the posteromedial papillary muscle is usually supplied only by the PDA. This makes the posteromedial papillary muscle ... "Papillary muscle perfusion pattern. A hypothesis for ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction". Circulation. 91 (6): 1714-8. doi: ... If the papillary muscles are not functioning properly, the mitral valve may leak during contraction of the left ventricle. This ... Most of the time this is the right coronary artery.[citation needed] The papillary muscles attach the mitral valve (the valve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_circulation

The papillary muscles can be enlarged or atrophied. The cause is unknown, but genetics play a large role. Dogs and cats with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve_dysplasia

The anterolateral and posteromedial papillary muscles are two strong papillary muscles within the left ventricle that anchor ... the papillary muscles, and the supporting muscle mass. Semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic valves) consists of leaflets, the ... Apart from the leaflets and annulus, it also consists of three papillary muscles and three sets of chordae tendineae. Standring ... Chordae are also attached to the two papillary muscles of left ventricle. Tricuspid valve separates right champers- atrium from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_of_the_human_heart

Causes include mitral valve prolapse, tricuspid valve prolapse and papillary muscle dysfunction. Holosystolic (pansystolic) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systolic_heart_murmur

Papillary muscles are finger-like projections from the wall of the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, the ... The chordae tendineae are inelastic tendons attached at one end to papillary muscles in the left ventricle, and at the other to ... Common causes include, but is not limited to, Barlow disease, myxomatous degeneration, inflammation, and papillary muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_valve

... these areas are adjacent to both anterior and posterior papillary muscles (regardless of whether the papillary muscle is ... Rupture of a papillary muscle will cause acute mitral regurgitation.[citation needed] The rupture will most often occur near ... or of the papillary muscles. It is most commonly seen as a serious sequela of an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial_rupture

The chordae tendineae are attached to papillary muscles that cause tension to better hold the valve. Together, the papillary ... muscles and the chordae tendineae are known as the subvalvular apparatus. The function of the subvalvular apparatus is to keep ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_valve

When the ventricles begin to contract, so do the papillary muscles in each ventricle. The papillary muscles are attached to the ... It is the pressure created from ventricular contraction that closes the valve, not the papillary muscles themselves. The ... When the papillary muscles contract, the chordae tendineae become tense and thereby prevent the backflow of blood into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_sounds

Parachute mitral valve occurs when all the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve attach to a single papillary muscle. This ... Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae Ultrasound showing redundant chordae tendineae Cardiac cycle Hacking, Craig. "Chordae ... The chordae tendineae connect the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral), to the papillary muscles within the ... are inelastic cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordae_tendineae

It extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the ventricular septum. The moderator band is located in the right ... The moderator band connects the base of the anterior papillary muscles to the ventricular septum. The moderator band is ... allowing for coordinated contraction of the anterior papillary muscle. The moderator band is often used by radiologists and ... the right bundle branch of the atrioventricular bundle of the conduction system of the heart to the anterior papillary muscle. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderator_band_(heart)

Autopsy revealed localized fibrosis of the left papillary muscles, but no evidence of coronary atherosclerosis. Mah has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sy_Mah

Other muscles that have been examined in vitro include the diaphragm and the papillary muscle. For the successful isolation of ... In vitro muscle testing can be done on any scale of muscle organization - entire groups of muscles (provided they share a ... The animal is then prepared for harvesting of the target muscle. In isolated muscles, these tend to be muscles of the hind ... In vitro muscle testing is almost never used in humans, with the exception of small sections of muscle removed via biopsy or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_muscle_testing

Because the papillary muscles, chordae, and valve leaflets are usually normal in such conditions, it is also called functional ... Mitral regurgitation as a result of papillary muscle damage or rupture may be a complication of a heart attack and lead to ... In acute MR secondary to a mechanical defect in the heart (i.e., rupture of a papillary muscle or chordae tendineae), the ... The chordae tendineae is also present and connects the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles. Dysfunction of any of these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitral_regurgitation

As the left posterior fascicle is shorter and broader than the right, impulses reach the papillary muscles just prior to ... Cardiac muscle has some similarities to neurons and skeletal muscle, as well as important unique properties. Like a neuron, a ... The left posterior fascicle transmits impulses to the papillary muscles, leading to mitral valve closure. ... Like skeletal muscle, depolarization causes the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and release of Ca2+ from the t- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_conduction_system

"Effects of yew alkaloids and related compounds on guinea-pig isolated perfused heart and papillary muscle". Life Sciences. 58 ( ... "Effects of yew alkaloids and related compounds on guinea-pig isolated perfused heart and papillary muscle". Life Sciences. 58 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus_cuspidata

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxine_alkaloids

"Effects of yew alkaloids and related compounds on guinea-pig isolated perfused heart and papillary muscle". Life Sciences. 58 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus_baccata

The circumflex artery supplies the posterolateral left ventricle and the anterolateral papillary muscle. It also supplies the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumflex_branch_of_left_coronary_artery

The PDA supplies the inferior wall, ventricular septum, and the posteromedial papillary muscle. The RCA also supplies the SA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_coronary_artery

The trabeculae carneae also serve a function similar to that of papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the ... The trabeculae carneae and the papillary muscles make up a significant percentage of the ventricular mass in the heart (12-17% ... Further, throughout development some trabeculae carneae condense to form the myocardium, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, ... or the papillary muscles that holds chordae tendinae, which are connected to cusps of valves to control flow of blood into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculae_carneae

Portions of the right bundle branch are found in the moderator band and supply the right papillary muscles. Because of this ... Cardiac muscle (like skeletal muscle) is characterized by striations - the stripes of dark and light bands resulting from the ... each papillary muscle receives the impulse at approximately the same time, so they begin to contract simultaneously just prior ... In cardiac muscle the T-tubules are only found at the Z-lines. When an action potential causes cells to contract, calcium is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

... and papillary muscles" and the other titled "The Hand and the Heart", a topic Silverman also presented to the Laennec Society ... and papillary muscles". Co-authored with Hurst. American Heart Journal (1968) Sep;76(3):399-418. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(68)90237 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_E._Silverman

There are three types of these muscles. The third type, the papillary muscles, give origin at their apices to the chordae ... The moderator band connects from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the ventricular septum. By early maturity, the ... The left ventricular muscle must relax and contract quickly and be able to increase or lower its pumping capacity under the ... Three bands made from muscle, separate the right ventricle: the parietal, the septal, and the moderator band. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventricle_(heart)

The blue light cystoscopy is used to detect non-muscle invasive papillary cancer of the bladder. Prior to the early 1990s, it ... Relaxing the pelvic muscles helps make this part of the test easier. A sterile liquid (water, saline, or glycine solution) will ... Occasionally, patients may feel some lower abdominal pains, reflecting bladder muscle spasms, but these are not common. Common ... "Blue light cystoscopy for detection and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer" (PDF). The Canadian Journal of Urology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopy

Each leaflet is connected via chordae tendineae to the anterior, posterior, and septal papillary muscles of the right ventricle ... and/or possibly annular dilation and is usually pathologic which can lead to irreversible damage of cardiac muscle and worse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricuspid_valve

2015 "Differentiation of Papillary Muscle from Fascicular and Mitral Annular Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients with and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lerman

It might even lead to other complications such as arrhythmias, rapture of the papillary muscles of the heart, or sudden death. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery

... infarction not elsewhere classified other 429.8 Other ill-defined heart diseases 429.81 Other disorders of papillary muscle ... 429.4 Functional disturbances following cardiac surgery 429.5 Rupture of chordae tendineae 429.6 Rupture of papillary muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_390–459:_diseases_of_the_circulatory_system

... papillary muscles) Tamponade Heart failure (acute or chronic) Valve disease Aneurysm of Ventricles Dressler's Syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cardiology_mnemonics

When they do occur, they are usually papillary adenomas and cystadenomas. They do not cause elevation of tumour markers, and ... As well as glands, the seminal vesicles contain smooth muscle and connective tissue. This fibrous and muscular tissue surrounds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_vesicles

Storti RV, Rich A (July 1976). "Chick cytoplasmic actin and muscle actin have different structural genes". Proceedings of the ... He argues that pre-mitotic endocycling is essential for non-cancerous polyploid development, specifically in papillary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mahowald

He performed more than 500 mitral valve repairs and described new repair techniques such as the papillary muscle repositioning ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Dreyfus

Ali M.; Abussa A.; Hashmi H. (2007). "Papillary thyrpid carcinoma formation in a thyroglossal cyst. A case report". Libyan ... removal of one-eighth inch diameter core of tongue muscle superior to the hyoid at a 45 degree angle up to the foramen cecum to ... These tumors are generally papillary thyroid carcinomas, arising from the ectopic thyroid tissue within the cyst. Thyroglossal ... Retrieved from http://www.thyroid.org McNicoll MP, Hawkins DB, England K, Penny R, Maceri DR (1988). "Papillary carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroglossal_cyst

Normal endometrial stroma Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) are CD10+ (Smooth muscle tumors are usually CD10−, but can be CD10+ ... CD10+ differentiates mucinous cystic neoplasms (CD10+/CK20+) from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of branch duct type ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

Stage 0a (noninvasive papillary carcinoma) is when long, thin growths extend from the tissue lining the ureter. Stage 0is ( ... Stage II is when the cancer spreads to the ureter muscle. Following Stage II is Stage III, characterized by the cancer ... females..." Of the total, 1,251 (94%) were transitional cell carcinoma of the papillary type. It has been determined that ... spreading from the muscle to the fat surrounding the ureter. Stage IV is the final stage of ureter cancer and involves the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureteral_cancer

Mantilla JG, Antic T, Tretiakova M (2017). "GATA3 as a valuable marker to distinguish clear cell papillary renal cell ... muscles (neuromyopathies), blood vessels (vasculopathy) and blood clotting mechanisms (coagulopathy). Factors that increase the ... Clear cell RCC Multilocular clear cell RCC Papillary RCC Chromophobe RCC Carcinoma of the collecting ducts of Bellini Renal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_cancer

Liu X, Cheng Y, Zhang S, Lin Y, Yang J, Zhang C (2009). "A necessary role of miR-221 and miR-222 in vascular smooth muscle cell ... Kim HJ, Chung JK, Hwang do W, Lee DS, Kim S (2008). "In vivo imaging of miR-221 biogenesis in papillary thyroid carcinoma". Mol ... Kim HJ, Kim YH, Lee DS, Chung JK, Kim S (2008). "In vivo imaging of functional targeting of miR-221 in papillary thyroid ... "Induction of microRNA-221 by platelet-derived growth factor signaling is critical for modulation of vascular smooth muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-221_microRNA

This property benefits heart function by maintaining papillary muscle tension during the entire systolic cycle well after the ... Second, a single asynchronous muscle can deform an elastic element which then stretches the muscle and causes the muscle to ... As cardiac muscle is lengthened, there is an instantaneous rise in force caused by elastic, spring-like elements in the muscle ... As the muscle is stretched, these bridges move tropomyosin to reveal myosin-actin binding sites. The muscle can only produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_muscles

Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma (digital papillary adenocarcinoma, papillary adenoma) Apocrine gland carcinoma ... Within these components are the pilosebaceous units, arrector pili muscles, and the eccrine and apocrine glands. The dermis ... malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma, papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma) Epithelioid cell histiocytoma ... Paget's disease of the breast Papillary eccrine adenoma (tubular apocrine adenoma) Papillary hidradenoma (hidradenoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

This is most commonly type II papillary renal cell carcinoma which is an aggressive form. HLRCC is an autosomal dominant ... People affected with HLRCC develop leiomyomas, smooth muscle growths or tumors, in the skin (most often in the extremities, ... Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is rare disorder associated with benign smooth muscle tumors and an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_leiomyomatosis_and_renal_cell_carcinoma

The Fgfr1 gene appears critical for the truncation of embryonic structures and formation of muscle and bone tissues and thereby ... of ovarian Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma (almost all amplifications); ~5% of colorectal cancers (~60 amplifications, 40% ... Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant form of cancer that develops from immature skeletal muscle cell precursors viz., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblast_growth_factor_receptor_1

Hormones released during pregnancy softens the cardia muscle ring that keeps food within the stomach. Hydrochloric acid is the ... and inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (Type III). People with denture stomatitis are more likely to have angular cheilitis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentures

Yan X, Ding L, Li Y, Zhang X, Liang Y, Sun X, Teng CB (2012). "Identification and profiling of microRNAs from skeletal muscle ... It was found that miR-181a and miR-181c are overexpressed in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma tumors, sufficiently to successfully ... Safdar A, Abadi A, Akhtar M, Hettinga BP, Tarnopolsky MA (2009). "miRNA in the regulation of skeletal muscle adaptation to ... It has been shown that miR-181 targets the homeobox protein Hox-A11 and participates in establishing muscle tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-181_microRNA_precursor

In May 2015, Williams was diagnosed with papillary Type 2 cancer and had to undergo kidney surgery. In a statement through the ... Huston, Chris (26 July 2012). "Alabama's Jesse Williams is 6-foot-4 and full of muscle". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 31 August ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Williams_(American_football)

Papillary urothelial lesions Papillary urothelial hyperplasia Urothelial papilloma Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low ... Either form can transition from non-invasive to invasive by spreading into the muscle layers of the bladder. Transitional cell ... Low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma Invasive urothelial carcinoma Flat ... it is known as papillary carcinoma. Otherwise, it is known as flat carcinoma. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_epithelium

... of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and ... They may appear in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Inclusion body diseases differ from amyloid diseases in that inclusion bodies ... Inclusion bodies of aggregations of multiple proteins are also found in muscle cells affected by inclusion body myositis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_bodies

The infrahyoid muscles lie in front of the gland and the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the side. Behind the outer wings of the ... Malignant nodules, which only occur in about 5% of nodules, include follicular, papillary, medullary carcinomas and metastasis ... Other variants include a levator muscle of thyroid gland, connecting the isthmus to the body of the hyoid bone, and the ... In some cases it can cause chest pain, diarrhoea, hair loss and muscle weakness. Such symptoms may be managed temporarily with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid

Papillary Thyroid Cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer ... Electron Microscopic and Biochemical Studies of Isolated Mitochondria and Submitochondrial Particles of Beef Heart Muscle". The ... Reduced expression of ATP5F1E is significantly associated with the diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer and may serve as an ... and Papillary Thyroid Cancer. This gene encodes a subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mitochondrial ATP synthase catalyzes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP5E

Comparative ultrastructure of the tip of ventricular papillary muscle / F. Terasaki ... [‎et al.]‎ ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Papillary+Muscles&type=mesh

Comparative ultrastructure of the tip of ventricular papillary muscle / F. Terasaki ... [‎et al.]‎ Terasaki, F; James, T. N; ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/discover?field=subject&filtertype_0=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_0=%5B1960+TO+1999%5D&filtertype=subject&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=Papillary+Muscles

It occurs in approximately 1% of MIs, and posteromedial papillary muscle is involved more frequently than anterolateral muscle ... Acute mitral regurgitation is usually associated with inferior MI due to ischemia or infarction of the papillary muscle. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/152191-54514/what-is-the-role-of-echocardiography-in-the-diagnosis-of-cardiogenic-shock

Chacko J, Brar G, Mundlapudi B, Kumar P. Papillary muscle dysfunction due to coronary slow-flow phenomenon presenting with ... Ventricular myocytes secrete proBNP in response to muscle-wall tension. NT-proBNP has a longer half-life (120 min) than that of ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/157452-workup

Dive into the research topics of Control of segment length or force in isolated papillary muscle: An adaptive approach. ... Control of segment length or force in isolated papillary muscle: An adaptive approach. ...

https://researchwith.njit.edu/en/publications/control-of-segment-length-or-force-in-isolated-papillary-muscle-a/fingerprints/

Differential diagnosis of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical displacement of the papillary muscles: a multimodality ... Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) and apical displacement of papillary muscles (ADPM) are two different pathologies ...

https://avesis.gazi.edu.tr/yayin/9405b0a6-7c76-4a6e-89be-d82c7e16d292/differential-diagnosis-of-apical-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-and-apical-displacement-of-the-papillary-muscles-a-multimodality-imaging-point-of-view

Another thing are the papillary muscles: If the papillary muscles are enlarged (and no other anomalies are observed), they cat ... Papillary muscles:. Those are the muscles located inside the left and right ventricle, at the walls and attached to "threads" ... Papillary muscles can be enlarged, but they can also be longer than average. This is easy to confuse with thickening but is ... Some cats just have slightly larger papillary muscles in their genetic make-up. But it could also be the first signs of HCM; so ...

https://www.pawpeds.com/cms/index.php/en/education/articles/health/explanation-of-the-hcm-form

A distinct syndrome of VT arising from the base of the posterior papillary muscle in the LV by a nonreentrant mechanism is ... Ventricular Tachycardia Originating From the Posterior Papillary Muscle in the Left Ventricle: A Distinct Clinical Syndrome. * ... and reentry at the level of the fascicles and papillary muscles.. Expand. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Common-Phenotype-in-Patients-With-Mitral-Valve-Who-Hourdain-Clavel/8c1ae82ca71b07bd642ed63c8b339c504229ebbd

papillary muscles: Threads of muscle that pull the heart valves between the upper and lower chambers of the heart closed during ... muscle fibers: Cells bundled together to make up muscle tissue. Also known as muscle cells. ... puborectalis muscle: A pelvic floor muscle that forms a sling around the rectum and helps maintain fecal continence. ... orgasm: The series of pleasurable, rhythmic muscle contractions that mark the peak of sexual arousal and the release of muscle ...

https://www.health.harvard.edu/j-through-p

Papillary muscles contraction does not change ventricular wall mechanics. **Viatcheslav Gurev. *James C. Korte ...

https://research.ibm.com/publications?author=9398

Extra care was taken to exclude papillary muscles. The three transmural sectors (endocardium in cyan, mesocardium in yellow, ...

https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1619156-img815790-figure

Papillary Muscles A10.690.637.750 A10.690.552.750.750. Parahippocampal Gyrus A8.186.211.577.710 A8.186.211.464.710. A8.186. ... Muscle, Skeletal A10.690.350 A10.690.552.500. Mutagenesis, Insertional G13.920.590.575. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis B3.510. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/mnchg2008.htm

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and ... Cardiac involvement affects the atrioventricular (AV) node, causing heart block, as well as the basal septum, papillary muscles ... Mitral regurgitation may be seen with papillary muscle involvement. Pulmonary involvement is also common and signs of pulmonary ... The granulomas particularly affect the conduction system of the heart, left ventricular free wall, septum, papillary muscles, ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152696-overview

Similar to right ventricle, with trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles and chordae tendineae - Sends blood to body via aortic ... Smooth muscle in tunica media regulates flow • Contraction of smooth muscle = vasoconstriction • Relaxation of smooth muscle = ... Internal structures: trabeculea carneae, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, valves between right ventricle and pulmonary ... Pectinate muscles line auricle only; rest of inside is smooth - Opens into left ventricle via mitral (bicuspid) valve (left ...

https://www.flashcardmachine.com/kin-216exam4.html

Which of the following eye muscles rotates the eye downward and away from midline? ... Which of the following is not a muscle identified in the rotator cuff? ...

https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=grosss-anatomy-midterm

The papillary muscles (PMs) are a source of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. ... How to map and ablate papillary muscle ventricular arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. Vol. 14Issue 11p1721-1728Published online: June ...

https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/content/hands_on?startPage=&ContribAuthorRaw=Enriquez%2C%20Andres

... expanding the spacer device to reposition a papillary muscle disposed in the ventricle away from the wall, the papillary muscle ...

https://patents.justia.com/inventor/tomer-saar

Papillary Muscle Disorders * Paraganglioma * Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia * Paroxysmal Tachycardia * Paroxysmal ...

https://www.medstarhealth.org/doctors/george-hager-clements-md

Effects of thyroid hormones on the heart: electrophysiological effects on the papillary muscle]. Lüderitz B, DAlnoncourt CN, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=D%27Alnoncourt+CN%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

papillary muscle 410.8. *. past (diagnosed on ECG or other special investigation, but currently presenting no symptoms) 412. * ...

http://www.icd9data.com/2013/Volume1/001-139/090-099/093/093.82.htm

During the contouring of the endocardial border, the papillary muscles were included in the cavity. For the contouring of the ... These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as during a myocardial infarction. A value less than ... in conjunction with the thickening of the muscle evaluated from cine-MRI) [4,5,6]. In addition, in current practice, the ... epicardial border, the expert only considered the muscle, the fat was in particular excluded, and there was an extrapolation of ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/4/89

Papillary muscles were excluded from analysis. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were derived from contour ...

https://medsci.org/v18p2905.htm

Ventricular impairment and dilation displace the papillary muscles, which tether the otherwise normal leaflets and prevent them ... In infants, the most likely causes of MR are papillary muscle dysfunction, endocardial fibroelastosis, acute myocarditis, cleft ... In the presence of cardiomyopathy Overview of Cardiomyopathies A cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder of the heart muscle. It ... Because the primary pathology involves the LV muscle, correction of MR is not as beneficial and should be considered only when ...

https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/cardiovascular-disorders/valvular-disorders/mitral-regurgitation

Intrinsic structure of the mitral valve and papillary muscle. *Evaluating the LV apical aneurysm ...

https://www.asecho.org/download-your-copy-of-the-role-of-echocardiography-in-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-poster/

Papillary muscle intervention vs mitral ring annuloplasty in ischemic mitral regurgitation (2020-03) Micali, Linda R.; Qadrouh ...

https://www.open.ac.uk/research/people/dmj338

The tricuspid leaflets are connected through chordae tendineae with two papillary muscles: the anterior papillary muscle ... Flail leaflet, ruptured papillary muscle, severe retraction, large perforation or vegetation.. Direct damage of the tricuspid ... chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, RV and atrium) is essential to establish and fine-tune the diagnosis of TR. ... papillary muscles, or annulus), due to congenital or acquired causes. Acquired causes of primary TR include tumours (carcinoid ...

https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-16/Tricuspid-valve-regurgitation-no-longer-the-forgotten-valve?utm_medium=email&utm_source=transaction

Acute Mitral Valve Regurgitation (i.e. acute MI with papillary Muscle rupture) ... You lose muscle control at the same time, and may fall down. ... from acute Myocardial Infarction with papillary Muscle rupture ...

https://fpnotebook.com/CV/Sx/Syncp.htm

Next, three papillary muscle attachment points were identified approximately 120 degrees apart. The 3-0 prolene suture with ... Next, the three papillary attachment point sutures were tied down to complete the distal fixation of the valve cylinder. Next, ... extracellular matrix pledgets was then tied down at each selected papillary muscle fixation point, as demonstrated in this ...

https://www.ctsnet.org/article/tricuspid-valve-replacement-using-cormatrix%C2%AE-extracellular-matrix-cylindrical-construct

Angina of the papillary muscle: an overlooked but reversible etiology of mitral regurgitation. R I Med J (2013). 2015 May 1;98 ...

https://www.med.unc.edu/medicine/directory/mazen-o-al-qadi-md/

IMSEAR at SEARO: A Morphological And Morphometric Study Of Right Ventricular Papillary Muscles In North Indian Region. (who.int)
RV Septal Papillary Muscle VT Introduction Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) arising from papillary muscles of both ventricles have recently been described. (elsevier.com)
There is a lack of data on VT originating from the right ventricular papillary (RV PAP) muscles. (elsevier.com)
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The papillary muscles (PMs) are a source of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in both structurally normal and abnormal hearts. (heartrhythmjournal.com)
Ventricular impairment and dilation displace the papillary muscles, which tether the otherwise normal leaflets and prevent them from closing fully. (merckmanuals.com)
The mechanical function of papillary muscles was tested isometrically and left ventricular tissue was analyzed for Na+,K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase ATPase activity. (cdc.gov)
During ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes and prevents backflow to the LA. The normal function of the mitral valve depends on its 6 components, which are (1) the left atrial wall, (2) the annulus, (3) the leaflets, (4) the chordae tendineae, (5) the papillary muscles, and (6) the left ventricular wall (see the image below). (medscape.com)
The mitral apparatus is composed of the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, and the left ventricular wall. (medscape.com)

Acute mitral regurgitation is usually associated with inferior MI due to ischemia or infarction of the papillary muscle. (medscape.com)
Angina' of the papillary muscle: an overlooked but reversible etiology of mitral regurgitation. (unc.edu)

Results: The average length of anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscle was 1.42 ± 0.29 cm, 0.94 ± 0.23 cm and 0.18 ± 0.08 cm while average breadth of anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscle was 0.41± 0.12 cm, 0.29± 0.09 cm and 0.11± 0.01 cm respectively. (who.int)
Septal papillary muscle was found to be single in 25% cases and absent in 38.89% cases. (who.int)
There have been no prior studies focused on the electrocardiogram (ECG) features and ablation of PVC/VT arising from the septal papillary muscle of the right ventricle. (elsevier.com)

Primary TR is caused by an abnormality of the tricuspid valve and/or its subvalvular apparatus (tricuspid leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles, or annulus), due to congenital or acquired causes. (escardio.org)
Translation of these models to the in-vivo environment is complicated by the fact that while the annulus, leaflets, and papillary muscle (PM) tips geometries can be obtained in-vivo, the MV chordae tendonae are not currently imagable. (caltech.edu)

Conclusion PVCs and VT originating from septal RV papillary muscle could have a typical ECG pattern due to the site of the muscle involved. (elsevier.com)

In such cases, an extended myectomy that involves release of the anterolateral papillary muscle may be advisable because this may allow a more normal parallel orientation of the mitral annulus and aortic valve. (acc.org)

Abstracts: Background & Objective: Aim of present study was morphological and morphometric observation of papillary muscles of tricuspid valve of human heart. (who.int)

Depending upon the appearance of cancer cells under the microscope, Stage 0 bladder cancer is pathologically classified as a non-invasive papillary carcinoma or carcinoma in situ (CIS). (cancerconnect.com)
Both non-invasive papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ are classified as superficial bladder cancers. (cancerconnect.com)
Papillary carcinoma of the bladder is a superficial cancer that grows on the surface of the bladder and can be easily removed with surgery. (cancerconnect.com)
Standard treatment of papillary carcinoma is a transurethral resection (TUR). (cancerconnect.com)
Following a TUR, the standard approach for the management of patients with non-invasive papillary carcinoma is surveillance, which means frequent follow-up examinations. (cancerconnect.com)
The cellular growth pattern of CIS differs from that of papillary carcinoma. (cancerconnect.com)
Furthermore, CIS is more likely than papillary carcinoma to lead to invasive bladder cancer. (cancerconnect.com)
It is indicated for high-risk bacillus Calmette -Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors. (medscape.com)

It also shows that chronic in vivo administration of digitoxin has a greater effect on muscle tension than an acute in vitro addition of the drug. (cdc.gov)

The chordae tendineae are a sort of anchor ropes between the two valves and the papillary muscles, which are located in the heart walls. (pawpeds.com)
The chordae tendineae (sometimes called the heart strings) connecting those muscles to the valve may be positioned badly, or be too long or short. (4hcm.org)

Papillary tumors look like warts and are attached to a stalk. (medlineplus.gov)

Side effects of oral minoxidil may include swelling of the face and extremities, rapid and irregular heartbeat, lightheadedness, cardiac lesions, and focal necrosis of the papillary muscle and subendocardial areas of the left ventricle. (pylaenterprises.com)
Over time, patients with diabetes may develop cystopathy, nephropathy, and renal papillary necrosis, complications that predispose them to UTIs. (medscape.com)
Papillary necrosis involves loss of the renal papilla, which normally facilitate urine accumulation for excretion into the ureter. (sportsmedreview.com)

Patients with Stage I bladder cancer have a cancer that invades the subepithelial connective tissue, but does not invade the muscle of the bladder and has not spread to lymph nodes. (cancerconnect.com)
STAG2 Protein Expression in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Associations with Sex, Genomic and Transcriptomic Changes, and Clinical Outcomes. (cdc.gov)
STAG2 Is a Biomarker for Prediction of Recurrence and Progression in Papillary Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. (cdc.gov)

What are the stages of papillary and follicular thyroid cancers? (ahealthyme.com)
The tumor is bigger than 4 cm or has grown into the strap muscles around the thyroid. (ahealthyme.com)
The tumor is any size and has grown into the strap muscles around the thyroid. (ahealthyme.com)
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and most cancers stem cells (CSCs) play a vital function in metastasis of papillary thyroid most cancers (PTC). (aabioetica.org)

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) and apical displacement of papillary muscles (ADPM) are two different pathologies with a number of similar imaging findings that may hamper adequate diagnosis. (gazi.edu.tr)

It occurs in approximately 1% of MIs, and posteromedial papillary muscle is involved more frequently than anterolateral muscle. (medscape.com)
3 noted that anterior displacement of the anterolateral papillary muscle is a common pathogenic abnormality in HOCM. (acc.org)
Additional anomalies could include insertion of the anterolateral papillary muscle directly into the anterior leaflet, fibrotic or retracted secondary chordae, and elongation of the posterior leaflet. (acc.org)

The deeper part of the dermis is known as reticular dermis, which is dense irregular connective tissue with fewer cells, compared to papillary dermis. (uvigo.es)
The dermis is composed of a papillary layer and a reticular layer. (hardmix.net)
Underneath the epidermis is the dermis which is divided into two regions, the papillary dermis, the upper part that lies directly under the epidermis, and the reticular dermis or lower part. (aproderm.com)

Treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancers continues to improve with the use of immunotherpay. (cancerconnect.com)

The papillary dermis, closer to the epidermis and in contact with the basal lamina, forms the dermal papillae and it is connective tissue with abundant blood vessels for feeding the epidermis, but also for body temperature regulation by vasodilation and vasoconstriction. (uvigo.es)

Examination of the muscular connections between the papillary muscle head and the left ventricle free wall should be performed during myectomy to determine what additional measures may be required to maximize the relief of systolic anterior motion and LVOT obstruction. (acc.org)

Isometric contraction occurs where the muscle is prevented from shortening. (anaesthetist.com)
Isotonic contraction is slightly more complex - the muscle is preloaded, and then prevented from stretching any further. (anaesthetist.com)
Because the stimulated muscle can shorten, lifting the load, the force that the muscle encounters is "isotonic" - that is, throughout contraction the force is constant. (anaesthetist.com)
In examining the above curve, note that the curve reflects the sum of the tension generated due to muscle contraction and the resting tension. (anaesthetist.com)
If we examine the length of the muscle after an isotonic contraction, and the corresponding tension, we find this tension to be the same as the tension we would have obtained had we performed an isometric contraction at this final length! (anaesthetist.com)

Single anterior papillary muscle was found to be 97.22% while posterior papillary muscle was found to be single in 72.28% and double in 27.78. (who.int)
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirms these findings along with severe left atrial enlargement and anterior displacement of the anterior papillary muscle (Figure 3, Video 4). (acc.org)

C) The dermis contains smooth muscle and nervous tissue. (hardmix.net)
The hypodermis attaches the dermis to the bones and muscles, it consists of subcutaneous adipose tissue (made up mainly of fat) which insulates and protects the body as well as being its energy reserve. (aproderm.com)

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) represents a central pathophysiological hallmark of bronchial asthma, with airway clean muscle (ASM) being the effector tissue implicated within the onset of AHR. (aabioetica.org)

Findings of this review propose that sudden cardiac death as a result of malignant arrhythmias arises from automaticity, complex ectopy, and reentry at the level of the fascicles and papillary muscles. (semanticscholar.org)

muscles from cats that received subcutaneous digitoxin-100 microg/kg on day 1, followed by 40 microg/kg/day for 4 days (group A), and 75 microg/kg on day 1, followed by 25 microg/kg/day for 9 days (group B)-developed significantly greater (p (cdc.gov)

Papillary muscle from cat heart shows a step-like end-to-end junction of two cardiac muscle cells. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Relationship of cardiac muscle tension to Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase activity after chronic digitoxin administration in cats. (cdc.gov)
Isolated strips of cardiac muscle (or, papillary muscles, for example) provide a good starting point for understanding how the heart works. (anaesthetist.com)

Smooth muscle cells for hair to stand erect can sometimes be found in the hypodermis, and a few striated muscle cells in the neck and face. (uvigo.es)

The troponin complex has three subunits in the thin filament of the muscle myofibrils, where cTnI is the actomyosin ATPase inhibiting subunit. (bmj.com)

Next, the three papillary attachment point sutures were tied down to complete the distal fixation of the valve cylinder. (ctsnet.org)

Dans notre étude, nous avons évalué la surexpression de l'HER2 par technique immunohistochimique sur 30 cas, en utilisant les mêmes critères d'interprétation que pour le cancer du sein. (bvsalud.org)
T1 -- The cancer goes through the bladder lining, but does not reach the bladder muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
T2 -- The cancer spreads to the bladder muscle. (medlineplus.gov)

The 3-0 prolene suture with extracellular matrix pledgets was then tied down at each selected papillary muscle fixation point, as demonstrated in this video. (ctsnet.org)

All the septal papillary muscles presented with 1 head. (who.int)

COX-1 "predominates in vascular smooth muscle and collecting ducts, whereas COX2 predominates in the macula densa and nearby cells in the cortical thick ascending limb" [ 2 ]. (sportsmedreview.com)

It can be seen that using experiments based on the above definitions, one can construct function curves that characterise some aspects of heart muscle behaviour. (anaesthetist.com)

Examining such preparations we find that when we "preload" the muscle (stretch it by adding weight before stimulation) then there is an increase in the tension that the muscle develops when stimulated. (anaesthetist.com)
As resting muscle is stretched, the tension increases exponentially. (anaesthetist.com)

Inotropy is the term applied to changes in heart muscle performance independent of alterations in preload and afterload. (anaesthetist.com)

Transmural Remodeling of Cardiac Microstructure in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Diffusion Tensor MRI (Journal... (osti.gov)

Gross Anatomy Quiz Questions And Answers - ProProfs Quiz (proprofs.com)

Perioperative Point-of-Care Ultrasound--Do You Know Best Practices? (medscape.com)

Data | Free Full-Text | Emidec: A Database Usable for the Automatic Evaluation of Myocardial Infarction from Delayed... (mdpi.com)

Association of QRS-T angle and Late Gadolinium Enhancement in patients with a Clinical Suspicion of Myocarditis (medsci.org)

Heart Anatomy: Overview, Cardiac Chambers, Great Vessels and Septi (emedicine.medscape.com)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)

Repair and Surgery Fare Equally Well in Ischemic MR (medscape.com)

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair Periprocedural Care: Preprocedural Planning, Equipment (emedicine.medscape.com)

Valve repair - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association (4hcm.org)

WHO EMRO | Incidence and causes of sudden death in a university hospital in eastern Saudi Arabia | Volume 17, issue 9 | EMHJ... (emro.who.int)

Eric Osborn | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst (connects.catalyst.harvard.edu)

James Fann's Profile | Stanford Profiles (profiles.stanford.edu)

Anatomy41

Organisms9

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes19

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Automatic activity in depolarized guinea pig ventricular myocardium. Characteristics and mechanisms. (1/1104)

Simultaneous assessment of effects of coronary vasodilators on the coronary blood flow and the myocardial contractility by using the blood-perfused canine papillary muscle. (2/1104)

Electrical and mechanical responses to diltiazem in potassium depolarized myocardium of the guinea pig. (3/1104)

Altered crossbridge kinetics in the alphaMHC403/+ mouse model of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (4/1104)

Phospholamban-to-SERCA2 ratio controls the force-frequency relationship. (5/1104)

Effects of AT1 receptor blockade after myocardial infarct on myocardial fibrosis, stiffness, and contractility. (6/1104)

Regulation of energy consumption in cardiac muscle: analysis of isometric contractions. (7/1104)

Electrophysiologic effect of enalapril on guinea pig papillary muscles in vitro. (8/1104)

Papillary Muscles

Muscles

Myocardial Contraction

Muscle Proteins

Chordae Tendineae

Muscle, Smooth

Muscle, Skeletal

Muscle Contraction

Muscle Fibers, Skeletal

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Mitral Valve Insufficiency

Guinea Pigs

Muscle Development

Mitral Valve

Heart

Ferrets

Action Potentials

Heart Ventricles

Myocardium

Muscle Fatigue

Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch

Muscle Denervation

Isometric Contraction

Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

Aequorin

Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Calcium

Muscle Relaxation

Mitochondria, Muscle

Rabbits

Electric Stimulation

Cineradiography

Neck Muscles

Heart Rupture

Oculomotor Muscles

Muscle, Striated

Depression, Chemical

Muscle Spindles

Cats

Purkinje Fibers

Time Factors

Respiratory Muscles

Isoproterenol

Muscle Weakness

Ventricular Function

Dogs

Myofibrils

Mitral Valve Annuloplasty

Membrane Potentials

Endocardium

Abdominal Muscles

Quadriceps Muscle

Muscle Cells

Electrophysiology

Cross Circulation

Biomechanical Phenomena

Rats, Wistar

Masseter Muscle

Cardiomyopathies

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Facial Muscles

Masticatory Muscles

Stimulation, Chemical

Intercostal Muscles

Electromyography

Ouabain

Heart Conduction System

Muscular Atrophy

Microelectrodes

Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle

Ryanodine

Echocardiography

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Sarcolemma

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Rupture, Spontaneous

Carnivora

Pectoralis Muscles

Adrenergic beta-Agonists