Pancreatic Ducts: Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.Hepatic Duct, Common: Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct.Bile Ducts: The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.Common Bile Duct: The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.Cystic Duct: The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde: Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.Bile Duct Diseases: Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance: Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS without the use of injected CONTRAST MEDIA or x-ray. MRI scans provide excellent sensitivity for duct dilatation, biliary stricture, and intraductal abnormalities.Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic: Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the COMMON BILE DUCT and the common hepatic duct (HEPATIC DUCT, COMMON).Pancreatitis: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.Cholangiography: An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the BILE DUCT and x-ray pictures are taken.Calculi: An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.Pancreatic Diseases: Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.Biliary Fistula: Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.Pancreas: A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.Thoracic Duct: The largest lymphatic vessel that passes through the chest and drains into the SUBCLAVIAN VEIN.Pancreatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.Pancreaticojejunostomy: Surgical anastomosis of the pancreatic duct, or the divided end of the transected pancreas, with the jejunum. (Dorland, 28th ed)Biliary Tract Diseases: Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Cholestasis: Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).Pancreatic Juice: The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.Bile Duct Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.Cholelithiasis: Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic: Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.Pancreatic Fistula: Abnormal passage communicating with the PANCREAS.Salivary Ducts: Any of the ducts which transport saliva. Salivary ducts include the parotid duct, the major and minor sublingual ducts, and the submandibular duct.Cholestasis, Extrahepatic: Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign or malignant processes.Cholangitis: Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Intubation: Introduction of a tube into a hollow organ to restore or maintain patency if obstructed. It is differentiated from CATHETERIZATION in that the insertion of a catheter is usually performed for the introducing or withdrawing of fluids from the body.Gallbladder: A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.Common Bile Duct Diseases: Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures: Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract.Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic: Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.Gallstones: Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.Hepatic Artery: A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.Wolffian Ducts: A pair of excretory ducts of the middle kidneys (MESONEPHROI) of an embryo, also called mesonephric ducts. In higher vertebrates, Wolffian ducts persist in the male forming VAS DEFERENS, but atrophy into vestigial structures in the female.Cholecystography: Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal: Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.Hepatectomy: Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)Secretin: A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)Biliary Tract: The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Jejunostomy: Surgical formation of an opening through the ABDOMINAL WALL into the JEJUNUM, usually for enteral hyperalimentation.Mullerian Ducts: A pair of ducts near the WOLFFIAN DUCTS in a developing embryo. In the male embryo, they degenerate with the appearance of testicular ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. In the absence of anti-mullerian hormone, mullerian ducts give rise to the female reproductive tract, including the OVIDUCTS; UTERUS; CERVIX; and VAGINA.Klatskin's Tumor: Adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic duct bifurcation. These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing. G. Klatskin's original review of 13 cases was published in 1965. Once thought to be relatively uncommon, tumors of the bifurcation of the bile duct now appear to comprise more than one-half of all bile duct cancers. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1457)Imino AcidsJaundice, Obstructive: Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.Jaundice: A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.Pancreaticoduodenectomy: The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Pancreatic Pseudocyst: Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.Ampulla of Vater: A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.Dilatation, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.Dilatation: The act of dilating.Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.Anastomosis, Surgical: Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.Amylases: A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Hepatic Veins: Veins which drain the liver.Cystadenoma: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)Kidney Tubules, Collecting: Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.Drainage: The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.Echinococcosis, Hepatic: Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic tapeworms of the genus ECHINOCOCCUS, such as Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. Ingested Echinococcus ova burrow into the intestinal mucosa. The larval migration to the liver via the PORTAL VEIN leads to watery vesicles (HYDATID CYST).Common Bile Duct Neoplasms: Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.Nasolacrimal Duct: A tubular duct that conveys TEARS from the LACRIMAL GLAND to the nose.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic: Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (DUODENOSCOPE) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.Ejaculatory Ducts: Paired ducts in the human male through which semen is ejaculated into the urethra.Ligation: Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.Bilirubin: A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.Liver Transplantation: The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.Jejunum: The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Hyperamylasemia: A condition with abnormally elevated level of AMYLASES in the serum. Hyperamylasemia due to PANCREATITIS or other causes may be differentiated by identifying the amylase isoenzymes.Pancreatic Cyst: A true cyst of the PANCREAS, distinguished from the much more common PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST by possessing a lining of mucous EPITHELIUM. Pancreatic cysts are categorized as congenital, retention, neoplastic, parasitic, enterogenous, or dermoid. Congenital cysts occur more frequently as solitary cysts but may be multiple. Retention cysts are gross enlargements of PANCREATIC DUCTS secondary to ductal obstruction. (From Bockus Gastroenterology, 4th ed, p4145)Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous: An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Endosonography: Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously.Pancreatitis, Alcoholic: Acute or chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS due to excessive ALCOHOL DRINKING. Alcoholic pancreatitis usually presents as an acute episode but it is a chronic progressive disease in alcoholics.Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters: Electroneutral chloride bicarbonate exchangers that allow the exchange of BICARBONATE IONS exchange for CHLORIDE IONS across the cellular membrane. The action of specific antiporters in this class serve important functions such as allowing the efficient exchange of bicarbonate across red blood cell membranes as they passage through capillaries and the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by the kidney.Cholangiocarcinoma: A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.Lithotripsy: The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is LITHOTRIPSY, LASER.Living Donors: Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)Duodenum: The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.Pancreatic Function Tests: Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion.Choledochal Cyst: A congenital anatomic malformation of a bile duct, including cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct or the large intrahepatic bile duct. Classification is based on the site and type of dilatation. Type I is most common.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Hepatic Stellate Cells: Perisinusoidal cells of the liver, located in the space of Disse between HEPATOCYTES and sinusoidal endothelial cells.Vitelline Duct: The narrow tube connecting the YOLK SAC with the midgut of the EMBRYO; persistence of all or part of it in post-fetal life produces abnormalities, of which the commonest is MECKEL DIVERTICULUM.Sphincter of Oddi: The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and main pancreatic duct pass through this sphincter.Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Lacrimal Duct Obstruction: Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing: A severe form of acute INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS characterized by one or more areas of NECROSIS in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems. Massive pancreatic necrosis may lead to DIABETES MELLITUS, and malabsorption.Cystadenoma, Mucinous: A multilocular tumor with mucin secreting epithelium. They are most often found in the ovary, but are also found in the pancreas, appendix, and rarely, retroperitoneal and in the urinary bladder. They are considered to have low-grade malignant potential.Endolymphatic Duct: The part of the membranous labyrinth that traverses the bony vestibular aqueduct and emerges through the bone of posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) where it expands into a blind pouch called the endolymphatic sac.Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous: Neoplasms containing cyst-like formations or producing mucin or serum.Pancreas, Exocrine: The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.Duodenoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the duodenum.Adenoma, Bile Duct: A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Liver Diseases: Pathological processes of the LIVER.Antiporters: Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Chlorides: Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.Endoscopy, Digestive System: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator: A chloride channel that regulates secretion in many exocrine tissues. Abnormalities in the CFTR gene have been shown to cause cystic fibrosis. (Hum Genet 1994;93(4):364-8)Steatorrhea: A condition that is characterized by chronic fatty DIARRHEA, a result of abnormal DIGESTION and/or INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of FATS.Mucins: High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.Cholagogues and Choleretics: Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).Liver Circulation: The circulation of BLOOD through the LIVER.Hepatocytes: The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y: A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intestine as the eventual drainage site.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Pancreas Transplantation: The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.Liver Cirrhosis: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Cochlear Duct: A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This ENDOLYMPH-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the PERILYMPH-filled spiral canal into two channels, the SCALA VESTIBULI and the SCALA TYMPANI.Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Islets of Langerhans: Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Lipase: An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.Pancreatic Polypeptide: A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice.Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744)Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)Carcinoma, Papillary: A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
10th edition of Systema Naturae
Total Laparoscopic Excision of Type I Choledochal Cyst with RNY Hepaticojejunostomy - SAGES Abstract Archives
Illustration of the biliary system, with the liver, gallbladder, duodenum, pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreas, cystic...
Free Anatomy Flashcards about Digestive system
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MRCPCystic ductArteryPancreasDuodenumLiverResected pancreatic cancerCholangitisDilatationBenignDuctalRight and left hepatic dChronic pancreatitisIntra-hepaticDistal common bileExtrahepaticDrainsWirsungDuodenalMajor papillaAmpulla of VaCholecystectomyInferiorAnatomyDrainCystTumorsResectable pancreaticIntrahepatic biliary ductLeft hepatic ductBile duct blockageAcuteCholangiocarcinomaSuperior meseEndoscopic
MRCP1
- MRI/MRCP showed: fusiform dilatation of the common biliary duct likely a type I choledochal cyst with small diverticular outpouching. (sages.org)
Cystic duct19
- Cystic duct , 6. (wikipedia.org)
- It forms one edge of Calot's triangle , along with the cystic duct and the cystic artery . (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones can enter and obstruct the cystic duct, preventing the flow of bile. (wikipedia.org)
- Cystic duct.Visceral surface of liver. (wikipedia.org)
- The procedure may occur within the common bile duct, the cystic duct, the pancreatic duct, or the left or right hepatic duct. (google.com)
- The main right and left hepatic ducts from the liver unite near the right end of the porta hepatis to form the common hepatic duct (CHD), which descends for about 2.5 cm before being joined by the cystic duct to form the common bile duct (CBD). (medscape.com)
- These merge to form the common hepatic duct This exits the liver and joins with the cystic duct from gall bladder Together these form the common bile duct which joins the pancreatic duct These pass through the ampulla of Vater and enter the duodenum Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. (wikipedia.org)
- Gall bladder and removal of stone at the junction of cystic duct and cbd via open surgery. (healthtap.com)
- Results: In all animals studied, administration of either SQ or IV ICG resulted in specific and reproducible imaging of the intrahepatic biliary tree, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, and cystic duct as well as the pancreatic duct. (sages.org)
- It joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct . (radiopaedia.org)
- Together with the cystic duct (laterally) and cystic artery (superiorly), they form Calot's triangle . (radiopaedia.org)
- For instance, you may report a separate unit of 43268 for stents placed in the left hepatic duct, cystic duct, and common bile duct. (aapc.com)
- The cystic duct joins the common bile duct which conveys bile to the proximal duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. (vetstream.com)
- The common hepatic duct is Formation of black pigment stones is typically joined by the cystic duct of the gall bladder to associated with chronic hemolysis, cirrhosis, and form the common bile duct, which enters the duo- pancreatitis. (yudu.com)
- The hepatic ducts carry bile from the liver, joining with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct, which itself conveys bile into the duodenum. (photoshelter.com)
- 13. The cystic duct is bidirectional in regards to the passage of bile. (humangrossanatomy.com)
- 18. The common hepatic duct becomes the common bile duct at the junction with the cystic duct. (humangrossanatomy.com)
- After median laparotomy and exclusion of distant metastases (e.g. liver metastases or peritoneal seeding) cholecystectomy (CHE) with frozen section of the macroscopically unsuspicious cystic duct was performed. (biomedcentral.com)
- In cases of previous CHE the cystic duct was identified and a frozen section was also examined from the resection margin. (biomedcentral.com)
Artery24
- Distal pancreatectomy with resection of the common hepatic artery and splenectomy along with lymph node dissection was performed. (springer.com)
- The CHD lies to the right of the hepatic artery and anterior to the portal vein. (medscape.com)
- The upper third lies in the free border of the lesser omentum anterior to the portal vein and to the right of the hepatic artery. (medscape.com)
- The hepatic ducts and the upper and middle portions of the CBD are supplied with blood primarily by rami from the cystic artery. (medscape.com)
- A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding most often seen in patients with necrotic pancreatitis, it occurs when the inflamed pancreatic mass erodes into a local artery, such as the splenic artery. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Hemosuccus pancreaticus from a pseudoaneurysm of the hepatic artery proper in a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The duct, the branches of the hepatic artery, and the portal vein form the central axis of the portal triad. (wikipedia.org)
- The hepatic artery supplies the other third. (varsitytutors.com)
- Purpose: Transcatheter hepatic artery embolization therapy is a minimally invasive alternative for treating inoperable liver cancer but recurrence is frequent. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Document patency in portal veins, hepatic veins, and hepatic artery. (virginia.edu)
- The knowledge of the anatomy of the common hepatic artery, celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, and the splenic artery and vein is necessary to understand local staging and can be well depicted with current 3D dynamic techniques. (springer.com)
- CT angiography for delineation of celiac and superior mesenteric artery variants in patients undergoing hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. (springer.com)
- Hepatic artery thrombosis is a concerning complication of orthotopic liver transplantation, and it most often occurs early in the posttransplant period. (gi.org)
- We present a case of ischemic cholangiopathy complicated by stricture and anastomotic bile leak from chronic hepatic artery thrombosis that occurred 11 years after the transplant. (gi.org)
- Hepatic arteriography demonstrated complete occlusion of the transplant hepatic artery with periportal collaterals reconstituting intrahepatic hepatic arterial branches. (gi.org)
- One of the most concerning complications is hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), which is the most common complication necessitating repeat transplantation. (gi.org)
- Computed tomography with contrast was negative for biloma or mass, but visualization of the hepatic artery was poor. (gi.org)
- This raised concern for the integrity of the hepatic artery and ischemic cholangiopathy. (gi.org)
- Increased lung and diagnosed in the context of the left side accessory aberrant hepatic ducts joining common bile duct transverse pancreatic artery right inferior rectus cn iii from herniation hypothermia level of sexual motivation, eur urol steinmaus. (bvbdallas.org)
- The most common vascular complication in renal transplants is renal artery stenosis, which occurs in 1% to 23% of patients. (appliedradiology.com)
- Transverse colon & transverse mesocolon Posterior Bile duct, portal & splenic veins, inferior vena cava, aorta & origin of superior mesenteric artery Left psoas muscle, left adrenal gland, left renal vessels & upper 1/3rd of left kidney Hilum of the spleen. (slideplayer.com)
- 16. The cystic artery is a branch of the common hepatic artery. (humangrossanatomy.com)
- 20. The left hepatic artery supplies the left anatomical lobe of the liver. (humangrossanatomy.com)
- The next step was the incision of the lesser omentum followed by a lymph dissection from the left gastric artery to the celiac trunk as well as lymph dissection from the common hepatic artery until the branches of the right and left hepatic artery (LN 7, 8a, 8p, 9, 12). (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreas23
- In the clinical management of patients with liver, bile duct and pancreas diseases, it is important to assess the degree of disturbance and to diagnose the causative insult, and therefore clinical and laboratory methods of assessing each of these pathologies are of high interest. (springer.com)
- Clinicopathological characteristics of young patients with pancreatic cancer: an analysis of data from pancreatic cancer registry of Japan pancreas society. (springer.com)
- Gallstone pancreatitis-A gallstone blocks the opening to the pancreatic duct, and digestive enzymes become trapped in the pancreas causing extremely painful inflammation. (epnet.com)
- A duct of the pancreas leading into the pancreatic duct or the duodenum near the mouth of the common bile duct. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Any of several short, narrow ducts that lie between the secretory ducts and the terminal alveoli in the parotid and submandibular glands and in the pancreas. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A major part of the head of the pancreas is drained by the accessory duct, although branches of the main duct are seen to reach the uncinate process and more posterior areas of the head. (stanford.edu)
- Focal regions of nestin-positive cells are also identified in large, small, and centrolobular ducts of the rat pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Upon confluence, they are able to differentiate into cells that express liver and exocrine pancreas markers, such as α-fetoprotein and pancreatic amylase, and display a ductal/endocrine phenotype with expression of CK19, neural-specific cell adhesion molecule, insulin, glucagon, and the pancreas/duodenum specific homeodomain transcription factor, IDX-1. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The identification of NIP cells within the pancreatic islets themselves suggest possibilities for treatment of diabetes, whereby NIP cells isolated from pancreas biopsies could be expanded ex vivo and transplanted into the donor/recipient. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The differentiation of duct cells of the pancreas into endocrine hormone-producing cells is believed to recapitulate the embryonic development (ontogeny) of the pancreas, whereby the exocrine and endocrine pancreases arise from the differentiation and proliferation of patterned endodermal cells in the early embryonic foregut that first form a ductal tree by branching morphogenesis ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The pancreas is mildly enlarged and heterogeneous in appearance with a dilated pancreatic duct. (uab.edu)
- Most patients present with obstructive jaundice caused by compression of the bile duct in the head of the pancreas. (aafp.org)
- The pancreas secretes an isosmotic fluid containing bicarbonate and several enzymes, including trypsin , chymotrypsin , lipase , and pancreatic amylase , as well as nucleolytic enzymes (deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease ), into the small intestine. (bionity.com)
- After the EUS he said my pancreas is 'abnormal appearing, charaterized by hyperechoic, heterogenous, lobular, parenchyma, a thickened, hypoechoic rim/capsule around the pancreas, and diffusely narrowed pancreatic duct and the ducts were dialated 14 mm. (medhelp.org)
- An ERCP is a study of the ducts that drain the liver and pancreas. (aapc.com)
- The pancreatic hormones and enzymes are discussed further under Pancreas Function . (healthhype.com)
- The bulk of the pancreatic tissue is dedicated to its exocrine function, while only 1% to 2% of the pancreas is responsible for the endocrine component. (healthhype.com)
- The neck of the pancreas is the short portion of the gland that connects the pancreatic head to the body. (healthhype.com)
- The pancreas also has an additional duct for the outflow of pancreatic juices. (healthhype.com)
- Pancreatic pathology (such as inflammation Pancreatitis: acute Pancreatitis: chronic or neoplasia Pancreas: neoplasia ) is a common cause of biliary obstruction in dogs. (vetstream.com)
- Pancreatic cancer is cancer that starts in the pancreas. (adam.com)
- The common bile duct passes through part of the pancreas before it empties into the first part of the small intestine (the duodenum), next to where the pancreatic duct also entersthe small intestine (see diagram). (celebritydiagnosis.com)
- The pancreas secretes lipase into the pancreatic duct, which flows into the duodenum (anterior portion of the small intestine). (1mg.com)
Duodenum18
- The biliary system is comprised of the organs and duct system that create, transport, store and release bile into the duodenum for digestion. (medlineplus.gov)
- Duodenocholedochotomy refers to the surgical incision of the duodenum to gain access to the common bile duct. (ebscohost.com)
- The duodenum receives hepatic and pancreatic secretions through the common bile duct. (ebscohost.com)
- Pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) represents the standard surgical treatment for resectable malignancies of the pancreatic head, distal common bile duct, periampullary region and duodenum, and is also performed to manage selected benign tumours and refractory chronic pancreatitis. (springer.com)
- Pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) represents the standard surgical treatment for tumours of the pancreatic head, distal common bile duct, periampullary region and duodenum, and is the only curative option for malignancies. (springer.com)
- Most PDs are performed to manage resectable pancreatic ductal carcinoma, neuroendocrine and malignant intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms, cancers of the distal common bile duct (CBD), Vaterian ampulla and duodenum. (springer.com)
- Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen confirmed the cystic lesion with thin wall medial to the duodenum, both intra- and extrahepatic dilation and relative distention of the pancreatic duct and gall bladder (Figure 1). (termedia.pl)
- It opens, in common with the pancreatic duct, into the ampulla of Vater, which is situated in the second part of the duodenum. (medscape.com)
- The duct that carries bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The pancreatic duct, also known as the duct of Wirsung, then joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater and allows secretion of the pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum. (aapc.com)
- The bile ducts are narrow passages that carry bile from the liver to the lumen of the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
- The bile duct is also joined by the pancreatic duct, which carries the pancreatic digestive enzymes into the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
- Type III cysts arise from the intraduodenal portion of the bile duct, which is the part that extends into the duodenum of the small intestine. (healthhype.com)
- This is the terminal end of the duct systems (pancreatic and bile) and the contents from these ducts are then emptied into the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
- It is not uncommon for the pancreatic duct to remain separate from the common bile duct and both may empty directly into the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
- In turn, the sphincter of Oddi (hepatopancreatic sphincter) controls the bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
- Joins common bile duct & together they open into a small hepatopancreatic ampulla (Ampulla of Vater) in the duodenal wall The ampulla opens into the lumen of the duodenum by means of a small Papilla, (Major duodenal papilla). (slideplayer.com)
- when needed, it is delivered to the duodenum via bile ducts. (slideplayer.com)
Liver49
- The common hepatic duct is the part of the biliary tract formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). (wikipedia.org)
- The hepatic duct is part of the biliary tract that transports secretions from the liver into the intestines . (wikipedia.org)
- High conjugated bilirubin may be due to liver diseases such as cirrhosis or hepatitis, infections, medications, or blockage of the bile duct. (wikipedia.org)
- Gallstones can block the normal flow of bile if they lodge in any of the ducts that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine. (epnet.com)
- Hepatocytes in the liver are arranged in anatomic plates called hepatic laminae, which are lined by endothelium and separated from each other by hepatic sinusoids. (medscape.com)
- A deep fissure between the caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver which transmits all the vessels, nerves and ducts. (brainscape.com)
- It unites with the hepatic duct from the liver to form the common bile duct. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Either of the ducts that receive bile from the right or left lobe of the liver and carries it to the common bile duct. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. (wikipedia.org)
- Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. (wikipedia.org)
- The system is usually referred to as the biliary tract or system, and can include the use of the term "hepatobiliary" when used to refer just to the liver and bile ducts. (wikipedia.org)
- In terms of frequency, biliary strictures resulting from laparoscopic cholecystectomy are more common than open cholecystectomy, followed by occurrence at the site of biliary anastomosis after hepatic resection or liver transplantation. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Hepatitis A is a common viral infection with a benign course but in rare cases can progress to acute liver failure. (hindawi.com)
- Although avoidable by immunization, it is the most common infection leading to liver disease worldwide [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Hemangiomas are a common incidental finding on routine imaging surveys of the liver and may pose an important diagnostic problem in patients with a known primary malignancy. (uab.edu)
- Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. (uab.edu)
- Effect of L-carnitine on liver enzymes and biochemical factors in hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (amedeo.com)
- Feline cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis syndrome (CCHS) is the most common acquired inflammatory liver disease in domestic cats. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Some biopsy sections may show modest or moderate periductal inflammation and hepatitis, whereas other liver lobes reveal complete elimination of bile ducts and lack active inflammation owing to loss of bile duct epitopes that may drive the inflammation. (merckvetmanual.com)
- What is treatment painful liver segment 7 subcapsular benign biliary cyst, dilated bile duct? (healthtap.com)
- Preoperative estimation of future remnant liver function is critical for major hepatic surgery to avoid postoperative morbidity and mortality. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Optimal NIRF imaging of biliary anatomy occurs when sufficient amount of Indocyanine Green (ICG) is excreted into the bile ducts to cause adequate fluorescence of the bile ducts, while at the same time sufficient ICG has cleared from the liver to minimize background fluorescence. (sages.org)
- The bile is collected by a system of ducts that flow from the liver through the right and left hepatic ducts and drain into the common hepatic duct. (aapc.com)
- If an adrenal mass is identified, the liver should also be imaged for evidence of hepatic metastases. (vin.com)
- These abnormal dilatations may involve part of the bile duct or the entire biliary tree, extending to the surrounding bile passages like those within the liver (intrahepatic biliary tree). (healthhype.com)
- Choledochal cysts are not a common condition and produce non-specific symptoms of liver and biliary disease in the early years of life. (healthhype.com)
- As bile flows through the canaliculi of the liver, it collects into the hepatic ducts and drain into the bile duct. (healthhype.com)
- Type I cysts are saccular or fusiform dilatations involving part of or the entire bile duct that does not lie within the liver (extrahepatic). (healthhype.com)
- With type IVA , this may involve both the intrahepatic (within the liver) and extrahepatic (lying out of the liver) bile ducts. (healthhype.com)
- What are some common liver disease symptoms? (uhhospitals.org)
- High levels of bilirubin may be linked to inflammation, other problems of the liver cells, or blocked bile ducts. (uhhospitals.org)
- B) This section offers a clearer view of the hepatic veins, which can be seen within the liver, draining into the inferior vena cava. (mhmedical.com)
- The main portal vein splits into the right and left portal vein, then further branches into venules (along with a hepatic arteriole and bile duct, forming a portal triad), and ultimately terminating in the liver sinusoids. (mhmedical.com)
- C) Illustration demonstrating the portal vein ascending into the liver, and the hepatic vein joining the IVC. (mhmedical.com)
- Tumor is best visualized on fat-suppressed T1-weighted images and on the pancreatic parenchymal phase of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced imaging, but liver metastases and venous involvement by tumor are best seen on the portal venous phase of a dynamic enhanced imaging technique. (springer.com)
- This unusual presentation of benign liver cyst leading to stricture of bile and pancreatic duct by extrinsic compression is worth a report. (eventscribe.com)
- o other branch of digestive surgery has undergone the profound changes that have taken place in hepatic surgery in recent years, especially as a result of the application of functional segmental liver anatomy and intraoperative ultrasound in resective surgery. (tailieu.vn)
- 14) Although occlusion of the RHA is usually well tolerated because collaterals from the diaphragm and retroperitoneum support the liver, (11,15) the development of intrahepatic abscess, (11) ischemic necrosis of the right hepatic lobe, (11) recurrent episodes of cholangitis and subsequent secondary biliary cirrhosis, (11) as well as liver atrophy, have been reported as long-term complications, which might require liver resection for successful treatment. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Multiple enlarged lymph nodes in para aortic, celiac, peri pancreatic and porta hepatic regions with liver slightly coarse in echo texture. (slideshare.net)
- 10 Biliary System The biliary system consists liver, gall bladder & bile ducts, that are involved in the production, storage & transportation of bile. (slideplayer.com)
- 11 The Bile Ducts The smallest vessels the bile canaliculi open into the interlobular ducts situated in the portal canals of the liver The interlobular ducts join one another to form progressively larger ducts and, eventually, at the porta hepatis form the right and left hepatic ducts. (slideplayer.com)
- When the bile ducts become blocked, bile builds up in the liver, and jaundice (yellow color of the skin) develops due to the increasing level of bilirubin in the blood. (adam.com)
- Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancerous (malignant) growth in one of the ducts that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine. (adam.com)
- Sclerosing cholangitis refers to swelling (inflammation), scarring, and destruction of the bile ducts inside and outside of the liver. (adam.com)
- Liver function tests are common tests that are used to see how well the liver is working. (adam.com)
- These exit the liver and form into a common hepatic duct. (celebritydiagnosis.com)
- This brings both the pancreatic and hepatic (liver) secretions into the small intestine for digestion. (1mg.com)
- The main differences between the standardized and the individual approach were anatomical vs. atypical liver resection, performance of systematic lymph dissection of the hepaticoduodenal ligament and the resection of the common bile duct. (biomedcentral.com)
- The armamentarium of surgical procedures mainly comprised liver resection, common bile duct resection, lymph node dissection in the hepaticoduodenal ligament and -especially practiced in Japan- concomitant pancreatoduodenectomy or lymph dissection of the interaortocaval compartment. (biomedcentral.com)
Resected pancreatic cancer2
- Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and long-term outcomes among patients with resected pancreatic cancer: the CONKO-001 randomized trial. (springer.com)
- Adjuvant chemotherapy of S-1 versus gemcitabine for resected pancreatic cancer: a phase 3, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial (JASPAC 01). (springer.com)
Cholangitis7
- Cholangitis-An infection of the bile ducts. (epnet.com)
- Thus the pancreatic juices cause cholangitis and bile duct wall destruction, which together with distal stenosis due to scarring result in the formation of a choledochal cyst. (radiopaedia.org)
- Both cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis are more common in cats than dogs. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Usually a gallstone causing obstruction of the common bile duct can cause sudden painful jaundice , sometimes with associated cholangitis (infection of the bile) This requires drainage and extraction of the stone from the common bile duct with a procedure call ERCP . (healthtap.com)
- Causes for biliary dilatation are impacted gallstone in CBD or at ampulla, benign stricture, pancreatic carcinoma , cholangitis, biliary surgery, and chronic pancreatitis. (virginia.edu)
- A 66-year-old male initially presented in 2002 with ascending cholangitis and was found to have intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation consistent with Caroli's disease. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Cholangiograms of 86 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were compared with those of 82 patients with primary bile duct carcinoma and 16 with primary biliary cirrhosis. (elsevier.com)
Dilatation11
- MRI/MRCP showed: fusiform dilatation of the common biliary duct likely a type I choledochal cyst with small diverticular outpouching. (sages.org)
- Obstructing stone is noted at the ampulla of Vater with associated dilated whole course of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct with moderate intra-hepatic biliary radicals dilatation. (radiopaedia.org)
- This is usually associated with dilated CBD, pancreatic duct and intra-hepatic biliary radicals dilatation. (radiopaedia.org)
- Diagnosis relies on the exclusion of other conditions (e.g. tumor, gallstone , inflammation) as a cause of biliary duct dilatation. (radiopaedia.org)
- Mild intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. (healthtap.com)
- We do not know why the scan was ordered but mild intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation may be completely normal for this patient. (healthtap.com)
- What does diffuse dilatation of common bile duct & mild dilatation of hepatic ducts mean? (healthtap.com)
- A saccular or fusiform dilatation means that the bile duct is bulging on all sides making it appear enlarged. (healthhype.com)
- Stenosis is most common at the anastomotic site and is often amenable to dilatation by percutaneous angioplasty. (appliedradiology.com)
- The main pancreatic ductal marked dilatation and parenchymal atrophy suggest that main-duct IPMT was present as well. (appliedradiology.com)
- Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) performed with 5-mm thick slices obtained at 5-mm intervals revealed a 3.5-cm solid, slightly hypodense, pancreatic head mass with obstructive dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary, common bile, and pancreatic ducts (Figure 1). (appliedradiology.com)
Benign4
- Focal intrahepatic benign bile duct stricture after cholecystectomy. (medscape.com)
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Management of a benign bilio-enteric stricture by a novel covered stent with a long lasso. (amedeo.com)
- Other diagnoses that can mimic pancreatic cancer include other malignancies, benign tumors, chronic pancreatitis and autoimmune pancreatitis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- We present a case of benign, large hepatic cysts which were extrinsically compressing on biliary ductal system and caused a fusiform-dilitation of the hepatic ducts, distal dilation of the common bile duct (CBD) and a narrowing of the pancreatic duct. (eventscribe.com)
Ductal10
- We report a case of young-onset poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with rapid progression and poor prognosis in a 31-year-old Japanese man with no obvious family history of malignancy. (springer.com)
- This case may represent a rare instance of young-onset poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma with rapid progression and may indicate potential risk factors of pancreatic cancer in young adults. (springer.com)
- Molecular characterisation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patients under 40. (springer.com)
- Clinicopathologic features and germline sequence variants in young patients (≤ 40 years old) with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (springer.com)
- Nestin-positive cells in the islets and in pancreatic ducts are distinct from ductal epithelium because they do not express the ductal marker cytokeratin 19 (CK19). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Intra-ductal biliary schwannoma. (amedeo.com)
- Thin and thick sections MRCP imaging are useful to provide a comprehensive overview of biliary and pancreatic ductal anatomy and to evaluate intraductal pathology. (springer.com)
- 1,2 A premalignant or malignant neoplasm of pancreatic ductal epithelium, IPMT often masquerades as idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. (appliedradiology.com)
- Main-duct IPMT is usually multifocal and represents a global ductal epithelial disorder. (appliedradiology.com)
- Total pancreatectomy is the suggested treatment in most cases, since IPMT is considered to be a premalignant state that involves the entire pancreatic ductal epithelium. (appliedradiology.com)
Right and left hepatic d2
- The common hepatic duct is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts. (radiopaedia.org)
- These small tubes come together to form larger tubes (ducts) and eventually form the right and left hepatic ducts. (celebritydiagnosis.com)
Chronic pancreatitis1
- Also important is the knowledge of the differential diagnosis for pancreatic cancer, which includes chronic pancreatitis, lymphoma, and metastases. (springer.com)
Intra-hepatic1
- Objective of the study: The primary goal of this study was the successful intraoperative near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of extra and intra hepatic bile ducts using the SPY and laparoscopic SPY2 scope systems (Novadaq Technologies Inc.) after parenteral administration of Indocyanine Green (ICG). (sages.org)
Distal common bile1
- MRI: coronal section shows gallstones and the pointed filling failure in the distal common bile duct. (hindawi.com)
Extrahepatic3
- Hepatogenic pruritus is more common in intrahepatic than extrahepatic cholestasis. (dermnetnz.org)
- Cholangiocarcinomas, the most important primary tumors of the bile ducts, may involve either the intrahepatic or the extrahepatic biliary ducts. (medscape.com)
- A right upper-quadrant ultrasound may be useful to detect dilated bile ducts suggesting extrahepatic obstruction. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Drains4
- With regard to lymphatic drainage, the upper portion of the biliary tree drains into the hepatic nodes, whereas the lower portion drains into the inferior hepatic and upper pancreaticosplenic nodes. (medscape.com)
- Either of two main ducts conveying lymph to the bloodstream: the left lymphatic (thoracic) and the right lymphatic duct, which drains lymph from the right side of the body above the diaphragm. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The bile duct is the duct the drains bile out of the river and into the intestines. (healthtap.com)
- Rich network that drains into pyloric, hepatic and splenic nodes Ultimately the efferent vessels drain into the celiac & superior mesenteric lymph nodes. (slideplayer.com)
Wirsung2
- 6) Unusual complications have been described secondary to left gastric pseudoaneurysms, including hemosuccus pancreaticus (hemoductal pancreatitis) and wirsungorrhagia (direct pseudoaneurysm rupture into the duct of Wirsung). (thefreedictionary.com)
- C. Endoscopic retrograde showing abrupt c utoff of the duct of Wirsung (arrow). (tailieu.vn)
Duodenal4
- 3 and 9 o'clock arteries (3&9As) which supply the common hepatic duct connect hepatic with duodenal/pancreatic territories. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Endoscopicguided palliative intervention for pancreatic cancer, including celiac plexus neurolysis for pain and stenting for biliary or gastric outlet or duodenal obstruction, is effective and avoids the risks of surgery. (aafp.org)
- The duodenal papilla is located and catheterized, followed by an injection of dye into either the biliary or pancreatic duct (or both). (aapc.com)
- The minor pancreatic duct opens next to the bile duct at the major duodenal papilla. (vetstream.com)
Major papilla1
- The common bile duct joins the ventral pancreatic duct to open at the major papilla. (radiopaedia.org)
Ampulla of Va2
- An impacted stone at Ampulla of Vater is a less common cause and it is best demonstrated by CT. (radiopaedia.org)
- Here it joins with the common bile duct at a dilate portion known as the ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic duct). (healthhype.com)
Cholecystectomy4
- Injury to bile ducts can occur during either laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. (medscape.com)
- Status post cholecystectomy with prominent gastrohepatic common bile duct measuring 7mm means what? (healthtap.com)
- This modality could prove superior to intraoperative cholangiography, and reduce or eliminate bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (sages.org)
- For patients who have had prior cholecystectomy, clinical suspicion of SOD is more common. (gallbladderattack.com)
Inferior2
- Associated infections, phenotypically normal men provided by the use of percutaneous tibial nerve posterior branch of left inferior phrenic arteries shown here from common stem those of typical adeno. (bvbdallas.org)
- 14. The common bile duct is the most anterior, inferior, and to the right structure within the hepatoduodenal ligament. (humangrossanatomy.com)
Anatomy3
- Read more on bile duct anatomy . (healthhype.com)
- B) Similar cross section revealing anatomy of the pancreatic tail and body. (mhmedical.com)
- This medical illustration portrays the normal anatomy of the hepatic and pancreatic ducts. (photoshelter.com)
Drain3
- Bile secreted by hepatocytes is collected in a network of canaliculi, which drain into hepatic ductules. (medscape.com)
- Any of 15 to 20 ducts that drain the lobes of the mammary gland. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Most larger bile ducts that drain it into portal tracts. (yudu.com)
Cyst6
- The small cyst outpouching is dissected off and removed separately after identification of the common hepatic duct. (sages.org)
- Both the CBD and pancreatic duct were communicating with the choledochal cyst and gall bladder. (termedia.pl)
- The Komi classification classifies choledochal cyst into 3 types based on the anomalous union of the pancreatic-bile duct (AUPBD) 2 . (radiopaedia.org)
- What is a bile duct cyst? (healthhype.com)
- Simply, a choledochal cyst is an outpouching of the bile duct. (healthhype.com)
- Computed Tomography (CT)-guided drainage of the hepatic cyst yielded 250 cc of brown fluid. (eventscribe.com)
Tumors5
- Tumors of the bile duct constitute about 2% of all cancers found at autopsy. (medscape.com)
- The anticipated course of most cases of bile duct tumors includes recurrent biliary obstruction with infectious complications, local spread, and death in 6-12 months. (medscape.com)
- the term should not be used to describe pancreatic NETs or islet cell tumors. (uwhealth.org)
- 6 ] (Refer to the PDQ summary on Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (Islet Cell Tumors) for more information. (uwhealth.org)
- Acute pancreatitis may also be caused by pancreatic tumors. (1mg.com)
Resectable pancreatic1
- Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil and leucovorin improves survival rates and should be offered to patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. (aafp.org)
Intrahepatic biliary duct1
- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography image showing a normal-caliber common bile duct, a pancreatic duct with stricture, and massive intrahepatic biliary duct dilation. (gi.org)
Left hepatic duct1
- CPT® Assistant specifies that when a stent is placed in the common bile duct extending into the right hepatic duct, and another stent is placed in the common bile duct extending into the left hepatic duct, it is again permissible to report 43268 twice with modifier 59 appended. (aapc.com)
Bile duct blockage2
- Medical imaging such as ultrasound is useful for detecting bile duct blockage. (wikipedia.org)
- It is also used to look for bile duct blockage. (adam.com)
Acute2
- Finally, several imaging examples review the most common and some unusual complications such as pancreatic fistula, bile leaks, abscesses, intraluminal and extraluminal haemorrhage, and acute pancreatitis. (springer.com)
- Hemodynamic instability occurred due to abdominal hemorrhage from two pseudoaneurysms inside an acute peri-pancreatic collection. (elsevier.es)
Cholangiocarcinoma1
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with intratumoral calcification mimicking hepatolithiasis. (amedeo.com)
Superior mese1
- Venous drainage is the splenic vein which combines with superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein. (brainscape.com)
Endoscopic2
- Up-to-date coding information on biliary and pancreatic duct stenting procedures, such as that found in the American Medical Association (AMA) article, "THEN and NOW Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography" ( CPT® Assistant , January 2012, volume 22, issue 1, page 11), will help you from getting tongue-tied when these types of procedures cross your desk. (aapc.com)
- In contrast to other pancreatic cystic lesions, IPMTs are intraductal and have a marked mucin hypersecretion, which results in characteristic imaging and endoscopic appearances. (appliedradiology.com)