The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.
A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.
An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.
An inflammatory disease and serious complication of PANCREAS TRANSPLANTATION. It is caused by a premature activation of pancreatic proenzymes leading to autodigestion of the gland and can be attributed to immunological or nonimmunological causes.
The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.
The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.
Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.
Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.
The process by which organs are kept viable outside of the organism from which they were removed (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).
A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.
The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.
The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs.
Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.
The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.
The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.
A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.
The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.
An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)
Transference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.
A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.
Glucose in blood.
Transference of a tissue or organ from either an alive or deceased donor, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.
Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.
An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor tissue or cells, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state may result in the induction of donor-specific TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE.
The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.
Minor hemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated A1a, A1b, and A1c. Hemoglobin A1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is a more reliable index of the blood sugar average over a long period of time.

Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in sera from transplant recipients with lymphoproliferative disorders. (1/501)

Early diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is important because many patients respond to reduction in immunosuppression, especially if PTLD is detected at an early stage. Previous studies have found elevated EBV DNA levels in blood from patients with PTLD, but these assays required isolation of cellular blood fractions and quantitation. We evaluated the presence of cell-free EBV DNA in serum from solid-organ transplant recipients as a marker for PTLD. Five of 6 transplant recipients with histopathologically documented PTLD had EBV DNA detected in serum at the time of diagnosis (sensitivity = 83%), compared with 0 of 16 matched transplant recipients without PTLD (specificity = 100%) (P < 0.001 [Fisher's exact test]). Furthermore, EBV DNA was detected in serum 8 and 52 months prior to the diagnosis of PTLD in two of three patients for whom stored sera were analyzed. Detection of EBV DNA in serum appears to be a useful marker for the early detection of PTLD in solid-organ transplant recipients. Further studies to define the role of such assays in evaluating solid-organ transplant patients at risk for PTLD are warranted.  (+info)

Long-term results of pancreas transplantation under tacrolius immunosuppression. (2/501)

BACKGROUND: The long-term safety and efficacy of tacrolimus in pancreas transplantation has not yet been demonstrated. The observation of prolonged pancreatic graft function under tacrolimus would indicate that any potential islet toxicity is short-lived and clinically insignificant. We report herein the results of pancreas transplantation in patients receiving primary tacrolimus immunosuppression for a minimum of 2 years. METHODS: From July 4, 1994 until April 18, 1996, 60 patients received either simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (n=55), pancreas transplant only (n=4), or pancreas after kidney transplantation (n=1). Baseline immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus and steroids without antilymphocyte induction. Azathioprine was used as a third agent in 51 patients and mycophenolate mofetil in 9. Rejection episodes within the first 6 months occurred in 48 (80%) patients and were treated with high-dose corticosteroids. Antilymphocyte antibody was required in eight (13%) patients with steroid-resistant rejection. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 35.1+/-5.9 months (range: 24.3-45.7 months), 6-month and 1-, 2-, and 33-year graft survival is 88%, 82%, 80%, and 80% (pancreas) and 98%, 96%, 93%, and 91% (kidney), respectively. Six-month and 1-, 2-, and 3-year patient survival is 100%, 98%, 98%, and 96.5%. Mean fasting glucose is 91.6+/-13.8 mg/dl, and mean glycosylated hemoglobin is 5.1+/-0.7% (normal range: 4.3-6.1%). Mean tacrolimus dose is 6.5+/-2.6 mg/day and mean prednisone dose 2.0+/-2.9 mg/day at follow-up. Complete steroid withdrawal was possible in 31 (65%) of the 48 patients with functioning pancreases. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time that tacrolimus is a safe and effective long-term primary agent in pancreas transplantation and provides excellent long-term islet function without evidence of toxicity while permitting steroid withdrawal in the majority of patients.  (+info)

Prevention of autoimmune recurrence and rejection by adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to the pancreatic graft in BB rat. (3/501)

Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T-cells. Therefore, in the context of islet or pancreas transplantation, newly transplanted beta-cells are threatened by both recurrent autoimmune and alloimmune responses in recipients with type 1 diabetes. In the present study, using spontaneously diabetic BB rats, we demonstrate that whereas isolated islets are susceptible to autoimmune recurrence and rejection, pancreaticoduodenal grafts are resistant to these biological processes. This resistance is mediated by lymphohematopoietic cells transplanted with the graft, since inactivation of these passenger cells by irradiation uniformly rendered the pancreaticoduodenal grafts susceptible to recurrent autoimmunity. We further studied the impact of local immunomodulation on autoimmune recurrence and rejection by ex vivo adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to pancreaticoduodenal grafts. Syngeneic DR-BB pancreaticoduodenal grafts transduced with AdmCTLA4Ig were rescued from recurrent autoimmunity. In fully histoincompatible LEW-->BB transplants, in which rejection and recurrence should be able to act synergistically, AdmCTLA4Ig transduced LEW-pancreaticoduodenal allografts enjoyed markedly prolonged survival in diabetic BB recipients. In situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that transferred CTLA4Ig gene was strongly expressed in both endocrine and exocrine tissues on day 3. These results indicate the potential utility of local CD28-B7 costimulatory blockade for prevention of alloimmune and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic grafts in type 1 diabetic hosts.  (+info)

Treatment of upper abdominal malignancies with organ cluster procedures. (4/501)

Upper abdominal exenteration for upper abdominal malignancies was carried out in 15 patients with removal of the liver, spleen, pancreas, duodendum, all or part of the stomach, proximal jejunum and ascending and transverse colon. Organ replacement was with the liver, pancreas and duodenum plus, in some cases, a short segment of jejunum. Eleven of the 15 patients survived for more than 4 months; 2 died, after 61/2 and 10 months, of recurrent tumor. Of the 9 patients who are surviving after 61/2 to 14 months, recurrent tumor is suspected in only 1 and proven in none. Four patients with sarcomas and carcinoid tumors (2 each) have had no recurrences. The other 5 survivors had duct cell cancers (3 examples), a cholangiocarcinoma (1 example), and a hepatoma (1 example). The experience so far supports further cautious trials with this drastic cancer operation.  (+info)

Evolution in pancreas transplantation techniques: simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation using portal-enteric drainage without antilymphocyte induction. (5/501)

OBJECTIVE: To report initial experience with the combination of a novel technique of portal-enteric pancreas transplantation with newer immunosuppressive strategies that eliminate antilymphocyte induction therapy. BACKGROUND: A new surgical technique of pancreas transplantation has been developed with portal venous delivery of insulin and enteric drainage of the exocrine secretions (portal-enteric). The introduction of potent immunosuppressive agents may allow simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplants (SKPT) to be performed without antilymphocyte induction. METHODS: From September 1996 to November 1998, the authors performed 28 primary SKPTs with portal-enteric drainage and no antilymphocyte induction. All patients received triple immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. The study group had a mean age of 38 years and a mean preoperative duration of diabetes of 25 years. Four patients (14%) had prior kidney transplants. RESULTS: All patients had immediate renal allograft function. Actual patient, kidney, and pancreas graft survival rates were 86%, 82%, and 82%, respectively, after a mean follow-up of 12 months. Four patients died, three as a result of cardiac events unrelated to SKPT. Five kidney and five pancreas grafts were lost, including five deaths with function and three cases of chronic rejection. The mean length of stay and total charges for the initial hospital stay were 12.5 days and $99,517. The mean number of readmissions was 2.9, and 10 patients (36%) had no readmissions. Six patients (21 %) developed acute rejection, with five (18%) receiving antilymphocyte therapy. Seven patients (25%) underwent relaparotomy, including two (7%) for intraabdominal infection. Nine patients (32%) had major infections, including three (11%) with cytomegaloviral infection. Of the 24 surviving patients, 22 (92%) are both dialysis- and insulin-free. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that SKPT with portal-enteric drainage without antilymphocyte induction can be performed with excellent outcomes.  (+info)

Lipids increase after solitary pancreas transplantation. (6/501)

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine 1) changes in lipids after solitary pancreas transplantation (SPTX) in patients with type 1 diabetes and 2) factors that influence those changes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Lipids were evaluated prospectively in 24 patients who underwent SPTX. Three were excluded because of early graft failure. The remaining patients (n = 21; 13 men, 8 women) were studied for changes in lipids over time (pre-SPTX, 0-2, 3-6, 7-12, and > 12 months). Glycohemoglobin, serum creatinine, BMI, and medications were also analyzed for their effects on lipid changes. RESULTS: Cholesterol, HDL, and LDL decreased in the immediate postoperative period (0-2 months), whereas triglycerides (TGs) increased (P < 0.05). At 3-6 months, cholesterol, HDL, and TG were higher than before the SPTX, whereas LDL returned to pre-SPTX levels. After 12 months, HDL and TG remained higher than their pre-SPTX levels (P < 0.05). During the study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased, renal function decreased, glyco-hemoglobin improved, and weight was unchanged. Changes in cholesterol/HDL ratio, HDL, and TG correlated with changes in prednisone dose (P < 0.05), and changes in TG correlated with changes in creatinine (P < 0.05). The same pattern of lipids occurred in patients prescribed or not prescribed hypolipidemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: Lipids do not improve within the 1st year after SPTX, despite improved glycemic control and blood pressure control, and renal function is worse. These results are in contrast to those reported for combined kidney-pancreas transplantation, where lipids, blood pressure, and renal function improved immediately after transplant. Further studies are needed to determine whether lipids continue to change with time after SPTX. The impact of these changes after SPTX on overall cardiovascular risk is unknown.  (+info)

Activation and adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in solid organ transplant patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease. (7/501)

The treatment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in EBV seronegative solid organ transplant recipients who acquire their EBV infection after engraftment poses a considerable challenge because of underlying immunosuppression that inhibits the virus-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response in vivo. We have developed a protocol for activating autologous EBV-specific CTL lines from these patients and show their potential use for immunotherapy against PTLD in solid organ transplant patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a panel of solid organ transplant recipients with and without active PTLD were used to assess EBV-specific memory CTL responses. The activation protocol involved cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an autologous lymphoblastoid cell line under conditions that favored expansion of virus-specific CTL and hindered the proliferation of allospecific T cells. These CTL consistently showed (i) strong EBV-specificity, including reactivity through defined epitopes in spite of concurrent immunosuppressive therapy, and (ii) no alloreactivity toward donor alloantigens. More importantly, adoptive transfer of these autologous CTLs into a single patient with active PTLD was coincident with a very significant regression of the PTLD. These results demonstrate that a potent EBV-specific memory response can be expanded from solid organ recipients who have acquired their primary EBV infection under high levels of immunosuppressive therapy and that these T cells may have therapeutic potential against PTLD.  (+info)

Normoglycemia and preserved insulin secretory reserve in diabetic patients 10-18 years after pancreas transplantation. (8/501)

Pancreas transplantation is a controversial form of therapy for type I diabetes. A major obstacle to acceptance of this procedure for many physicians is the lack of demonstrable long-term success. We performed these studies to assess the hypothesis that successful pancreas transplantation is efficacious in normalizing endogenous insulin secretion and glycemia in the long term (1-2 decades). Sixteen patients with a history of diabetic complications who had undergone a transplant 10-18 years earlier involving either a whole or a segment of pancreas were recruited for measurements of fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, intravenous glucose tolerance, and insulin secretory reserve. All patients were taking immunosuppressive drugs, but none was using insulin or other hypoglycemic agents. All recipients had normal levels of fasting blood glucose, intravenous glucose tolerance, and HbA1c, and 15 of 16 stated that their quality of life had improved after transplantation. They had intact acute insulin responses to intravenous pulses of glucose and to arginine and insulin secretory reserve. Glucose potentiation of arginine-induced insulin secretion, the measure of insulin secretory reserve, correlated significantly (r = 0.095, P < 0.001) with the acute insulin response to intravenous glucose, rendering the latter a much simpler and valid measure of functional beta-cell mass. We conclude that successful pancreas transplants are efficacious for periods as long as 1-2 decades in returning euglycemia to type 1 diabetic patients by restoring endogenous insulin secretion and insulin secretory reserve. Thus, concern about long-term deterioration, as distinct from rejection, should not be a major obstacle when deciding whether to recommend pancreas transplantation.  (+info)

Pancreas transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves implanting a healthy pancreas from a deceased donor into a recipient with diabetes. The primary goal of this procedure is to restore the recipient's insulin production and eliminate the need for insulin injections, thereby improving their quality of life and reducing the risk of long-term complications associated with diabetes.

There are three main types of pancreas transplantation:

1. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation: This is the most common type of pancreas transplant, performed simultaneously with a kidney transplant in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The new pancreas not only restores insulin production but also helps prevent further kidney damage.
2. Pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplantation: In this procedure, a patient receives a kidney transplant first, followed by a pancreas transplant at a later time. This is typically performed in patients who have already undergone a successful kidney transplant and wish to improve their diabetes management.
3. Pancreas transplantation alone (PTA): In rare cases, a pancreas transplant may be performed without a concurrent kidney transplant. This is usually considered for patients with brittle diabetes who experience severe hypoglycemic episodes despite optimal medical management and lifestyle modifications.

The success of pancreas transplantation has significantly improved over the years, thanks to advancements in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive medications, and post-transplant care. However, it is essential to weigh the benefits against the risks, such as potential complications related to surgery, infection, rejection, and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs. Ultimately, the decision to undergo pancreas transplantation should be made in consultation with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, considering each patient's unique medical history and personal circumstances.

The pancreas is a glandular organ located in the abdomen, posterior to the stomach. It has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of acinar cells that produce and secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. These enzymes help in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in food.

The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans, which include alpha, beta, delta, and F cells. These cells produce and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Insulin and glucagon are critical regulators of blood sugar levels, with insulin promoting glucose uptake and storage in tissues and glucagon stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose when it is low.

Kidney transplantation is a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor is implanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or permanent kidney failure. The new kidney takes over the functions of filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, producing urine, and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance.

The transplanted kidney is typically placed in the lower abdomen, with its blood vessels connected to the recipient's iliac artery and vein. The ureter of the new kidney is then attached to the recipient's bladder to ensure proper urine flow. Following the surgery, the patient will require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ by their immune system.

Graft survival, in medical terms, refers to the success of a transplanted tissue or organ in continuing to function and integrate with the recipient's body over time. It is the opposite of graft rejection, which occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted tissue as foreign and attacks it, leading to its failure.

Graft survival depends on various factors, including the compatibility between the donor and recipient, the type and location of the graft, the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection, and the overall health of the recipient. A successful graft survival implies that the transplanted tissue or organ has been accepted by the recipient's body and is functioning properly, providing the necessary physiological support for the recipient's survival and improved quality of life.

Graft rejection is an immune response that occurs when transplanted tissue or organ (the graft) is recognized as foreign by the recipient's immune system, leading to the activation of immune cells to attack and destroy the graft. This results in the failure of the transplant and the need for additional medical intervention or another transplant. There are three types of graft rejection: hyperacute, acute, and chronic. Hyperacute rejection occurs immediately or soon after transplantation due to pre-existing antibodies against the graft. Acute rejection typically occurs within weeks to months post-transplant and is characterized by the infiltration of T-cells into the graft. Chronic rejection, which can occur months to years after transplantation, is a slow and progressive process characterized by fibrosis and tissue damage due to ongoing immune responses against the graft.

Graft pancreatitis is not a specific type of pancreatitis but rather a complication that can occur after a pancreas transplant. It refers to inflammation of the transplanted pancreas graft. The inflammation can be caused by various factors, including rejection of the graft, infection, or ischemia (lack of blood supply).

Symptoms of graft pancreatitis may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and increased levels of pancreatic enzymes in the blood. Diagnosis is usually made through imaging tests such as CT scan or MRI, and by measuring the levels of pancreatic enzymes in the blood. Treatment may include medications to manage pain and reduce inflammation, antibiotics to treat any infection, and adjustment of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove the damaged graft.

Islets of Langerhans transplantation is a surgical procedure that involves the transplantation of isolated islets from a deceased donor's pancreas into another person with type 1 diabetes. The islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells within the pancreas that produce hormones, including insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels.

In type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys these insulin-producing cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. Islet transplantation aims to replace the damaged islets with healthy ones from a donor, allowing the recipient's body to produce and regulate its own insulin again.

The procedure involves extracting the islets from the donor pancreas and infusing them into the recipient's liver through a small incision in the abdomen. Once inside the liver, the islets can sense glucose levels in the bloodstream and release insulin as needed to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Islet transplantation has shown promising results in improving blood sugar control and reducing the risk of severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in people with type 1 diabetes. However, it requires long-term immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted islets, which can have side effects and increase the risk of infections.

Homologous transplantation is a type of transplant surgery where organs or tissues are transferred between two genetically non-identical individuals of the same species. The term "homologous" refers to the similarity in structure and function of the donated organ or tissue to the recipient's own organ or tissue.

For example, a heart transplant from one human to another is an example of homologous transplantation because both organs are hearts and perform the same function. Similarly, a liver transplant, kidney transplant, lung transplant, and other types of organ transplants between individuals of the same species are also considered homologous transplantations.

Homologous transplantation is in contrast to heterologous or xenogeneic transplantation, where organs or tissues are transferred from one species to another, such as a pig heart transplanted into a human. Homologous transplantation is more commonly performed than heterologous transplantation due to the increased risk of rejection and other complications associated with xenogeneic transplants.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin. This results in an inability to regulate blood glucose levels, causing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). Type 1 diabetes typically presents in childhood or early adulthood, although it can develop at any age. It is usually managed with regular insulin injections or the use of an insulin pump, along with monitoring of blood glucose levels and adjustments to diet and physical activity. Uncontrolled type 1 diabetes can lead to serious complications such as kidney damage, nerve damage, blindness, and cardiovascular disease.

Liver transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or failing liver is replaced with a healthy one from a deceased donor or, less commonly, a portion of a liver from a living donor. The goal of the procedure is to restore normal liver function and improve the patient's overall health and quality of life.

Liver transplantation may be recommended for individuals with end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, certain genetic liver disorders, or liver cancers that cannot be treated effectively with other therapies. The procedure involves complex surgery to remove the diseased liver and implant the new one, followed by a period of recovery and close medical monitoring to ensure proper function and minimize the risk of complications.

The success of liver transplantation has improved significantly in recent years due to advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive medications, and post-transplant care. However, it remains a major operation with significant risks and challenges, including the need for lifelong immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the new liver, as well as potential complications such as infection, bleeding, and organ failure.

A tissue donor is an individual who has agreed to allow organs and tissues to be removed from their body after death for the purpose of transplantation to restore the health or save the life of another person. The tissues that can be donated include corneas, heart valves, skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, veins, and cartilage. These tissues can enhance the quality of life for many recipients and are often used in reconstructive surgeries. It is important to note that tissue donation does not interfere with an open casket funeral or other cultural or religious practices related to death and grieving.

Immunosuppression is a state in which the immune system's ability to mount an immune response is reduced, compromised or inhibited. This can be caused by certain medications (such as those used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs), diseases (like HIV/AIDS), or genetic disorders. As a result, the body becomes more susceptible to infections and cancer development. It's important to note that immunosuppression should not be confused with immunity, which refers to the body's ability to resist and fight off infections and diseases.

Immunosuppressive agents are medications that decrease the activity of the immune system. They are often used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and to treat autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. These drugs work by interfering with the immune system's normal responses, which helps to reduce inflammation and damage to tissues. However, because they suppress the immune system, people who take immunosuppressive agents are at increased risk for infections and other complications. Examples of immunosuppressive agents include corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and sirolimus.

Organ preservation is a medical technique used to maintain the viability and functionality of an organ outside the body for a certain period, typically for transplantation purposes. This process involves cooling the organ to slow down its metabolic activity and prevent tissue damage, while using specialized solutions that help preserve the organ's structure and function. Commonly preserved organs include hearts, livers, kidneys, lungs, and pancreases. The goal of organ preservation is to ensure that the transplanted organ remains in optimal condition until it can be successfully implanted into a recipient.

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant drug that is primarily used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. It works by inhibiting the activity of T-cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the body's immune response. By suppressing the activity of these cells, tacrolimus helps to reduce the risk of an immune response being mounted against the transplanted organ.

Tacrolimus is often used in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids and mycophenolate mofetil, to provide a comprehensive approach to preventing organ rejection. It is available in various forms, including capsules, oral solution, and intravenous injection.

The drug was first approved for use in the United States in 1994 and has since become a widely used immunosuppressant in transplant medicine. Tacrolimus is also being studied as a potential treatment for a variety of other conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a medical procedure in which damaged or destroyed bone marrow is replaced with healthy bone marrow from a donor. Bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. The main types of BMT are autologous, allogeneic, and umbilical cord blood transplantation.

In autologous BMT, the patient's own bone marrow is used for the transplant. This type of BMT is often used in patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy their cancerous bone marrow.

In allogeneic BMT, bone marrow from a genetically matched donor is used for the transplant. This type of BMT is often used in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or other blood disorders who have failed other treatments.

Umbilical cord blood transplantation involves using stem cells from umbilical cord blood as a source of healthy bone marrow. This type of BMT is often used in children and adults who do not have a matched donor for allogeneic BMT.

The process of BMT typically involves several steps, including harvesting the bone marrow or stem cells from the donor, conditioning the patient's body to receive the new bone marrow or stem cells, transplanting the new bone marrow or stem cells into the patient's body, and monitoring the patient for signs of engraftment and complications.

BMT is a complex and potentially risky procedure that requires careful planning, preparation, and follow-up care. However, it can be a life-saving treatment for many patients with blood disorders or cancer.

Tissue and organ procurement is the process of obtaining viable tissues and organs from deceased or living donors for the purpose of transplantation, research, or education. This procedure is performed by trained medical professionals in a sterile environment, adhering to strict medical standards and ethical guidelines. The tissues and organs that can be procured include hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys, pancreases, intestines, corneas, skin, bones, tendons, and heart valves. The process involves a thorough medical evaluation of the donor, as well as consent from the donor or their next of kin. After procurement, the tissues and organs are preserved and transported to recipients in need.

Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease that occurs as a complication of diabetes. It is also known as diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This condition affects the ability of the kidneys to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, leading to their accumulation in the body.

Diabetic nephropathy is caused by damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, which can occur over time due to high levels of glucose in the blood. This damage can lead to scarring and thickening of the kidney's filtering membranes, reducing their ability to function properly.

Symptoms of diabetic nephropathy may include proteinuria (the presence of protein in the urine), edema (swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet due to fluid retention), and hypertension (high blood pressure). Over time, if left untreated, diabetic nephropathy can progress to end-stage kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Preventing or delaying the onset of diabetic nephropathy involves maintaining good control of blood sugar levels, keeping blood pressure under control, and making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular exercise. Regular monitoring of kidney function through urine tests and blood tests is also important for early detection and treatment of this condition.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure where hematopoietic stem cells (immature cells that give rise to all blood cell types) are transplanted into a patient. This procedure is often used to treat various malignant and non-malignant disorders affecting the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, aplastic anemia, inherited immune deficiency diseases, and certain genetic metabolic disorders.

The transplantation can be autologous (using the patient's own stem cells), allogeneic (using stem cells from a genetically matched donor, usually a sibling or unrelated volunteer), or syngeneic (using stem cells from an identical twin).

The process involves collecting hematopoietic stem cells, most commonly from the peripheral blood or bone marrow. The collected cells are then infused into the patient after the recipient's own hematopoietic system has been ablated (or destroyed) using high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. This allows the donor's stem cells to engraft, reconstitute, and restore the patient's hematopoietic system.

HSCT is a complex and potentially risky procedure with various complications, including graft-versus-host disease, infections, and organ damage. However, it offers the potential for cure or long-term remission in many patients with otherwise fatal diseases.

Actuarial analysis is a process used in the field of actuarial science to evaluate and manage risk, typically for financial or insurance purposes. It involves the use of statistical modeling, mathematical calculations, and data analysis to estimate the probability and potential financial impact of various events or outcomes.

In a medical context, actuarial analysis may be used to assess the risks and costs associated with different health conditions, treatments, or patient populations. For example, an actuary might use data on morbidity rates, mortality rates, and healthcare utilization patterns to estimate the expected costs of providing coverage to a group of patients with a particular medical condition.

Actuarial analysis can help healthcare organizations, insurers, and policymakers make informed decisions about resource allocation, pricing, and risk management. It can also be used to develop predictive models that identify high-risk populations or forecast future trends in healthcare utilization and costs.

A waiting list, in the context of healthcare and medicine, refers to a list of patients who are awaiting a particular medical service or procedure, such as surgery, consultation with a specialist, or therapy. These lists are often established when the demand for certain services exceeds the immediate supply of resources, including physician time, hospital beds, or specialized equipment.

Patients on waiting lists are typically ranked based on factors like the severity of their condition, the urgency of their need for treatment, and the date they were placed on the list. The goal is to ensure that those with the most pressing medical needs receive care as soon as possible, while also providing a fair and transparent system for allocating limited resources.

However, it's important to note that extended waiting times can have negative consequences for patients, including worsening of symptoms, decreased quality of life, and potential complications. As such, healthcare systems strive to minimize wait times through various strategies, such as increasing resource allocation, improving efficiency, and implementing alternative service delivery models.

Heart transplantation is a surgical procedure where a diseased, damaged, or failing heart is removed and replaced with a healthy donor heart. This procedure is usually considered as a last resort for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe coronary artery disease who have not responded to other treatments. The donor heart typically comes from a brain-dead individual whose family has agreed to donate their loved one's organs for transplantation. Heart transplantation is a complex and highly specialized procedure that requires a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, nurses, and other support staff. The success rates for heart transplantation have improved significantly over the past few decades, with many patients experiencing improved quality of life and increased survival rates. However, recipients of heart transplants require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the donor heart, which can increase the risk of infections and other complications.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Autologous transplantation is a medical procedure where cells, tissues, or organs are removed from a person, stored and then returned back to the same individual at a later time. This is different from allogeneic transplantation where the tissue or organ is obtained from another donor. The term "autologous" is derived from the Greek words "auto" meaning self and "logos" meaning study.

In autologous transplantation, the patient's own cells or tissues are used to replace or repair damaged or diseased ones. This reduces the risk of rejection and eliminates the need for immunosuppressive drugs, which are required in allogeneic transplants to prevent the body from attacking the foreign tissue.

Examples of autologous transplantation include:

* Autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation, where stem cells are removed from the patient's blood or bone marrow, stored and then reinfused back into the same individual after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to treat cancer.
* Autologous skin grafting, where a piece of skin is taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another area on the same person.
* Autologous chondrocyte implantation, where cartilage cells are harvested from the patient's own knee, cultured in a laboratory and then implanted back into the knee to repair damaged cartilage.

Lung transplantation is a surgical procedure where one or both diseased lungs are removed and replaced with healthy lungs from a deceased donor. It is typically considered as a treatment option for patients with end-stage lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, who have exhausted all other medical treatments and continue to suffer from severe respiratory failure.

The procedure involves several steps, including evaluating the patient's eligibility for transplantation, matching the donor's lung size and blood type with the recipient, and performing the surgery under general anesthesia. After the surgery, patients require close monitoring and lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the new lungs.

Lung transplantation can significantly improve the quality of life and survival rates for some patients with end-stage lung disease, but it is not without risks, including infection, bleeding, and rejection. Therefore, careful consideration and thorough evaluation are necessary before pursuing this treatment option.

The portal vein is the large venous trunk that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder to the liver. It is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (draining the small intestine and a portion of the large intestine) and the splenic vein (draining the spleen and pancreas). The portal vein then divides into right and left branches within the liver, where the blood flows through the sinusoids and gets enriched with oxygen and nutrients before being drained by the hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava. This unique arrangement allows the liver to process and detoxify the absorbed nutrients, remove waste products, and regulate metabolic homeostasis.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets, primarily in response to elevated levels of glucose in the circulating blood. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and facilitating the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, such as muscle and adipose tissue, for energy production and storage. Insulin also inhibits glucose production in the liver and promotes the storage of excess glucose as glycogen or triglycerides.

Deficiency in insulin secretion or action leads to impaired glucose regulation and can result in conditions such as diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Exogenous insulin is used as a replacement therapy in individuals with diabetes to help manage their blood glucose levels and prevent long-term complications.

Stem cell transplantation is a medical procedure where stem cells, which are immature and unspecialized cells with the ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types, are introduced into a patient. The main purpose of this procedure is to restore the function of damaged or destroyed tissues or organs, particularly in conditions that affect the blood and immune systems, such as leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and inherited metabolic disorders.

There are two primary types of stem cell transplantation: autologous and allogeneic. In autologous transplantation, the patient's own stem cells are collected, stored, and then reinfused back into their body after high-dose chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy the diseased cells. In allogeneic transplantation, stem cells are obtained from a donor (related or unrelated) whose human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type closely matches that of the recipient.

The process involves several steps: first, the patient undergoes conditioning therapy to suppress their immune system and make space for the new stem cells. Then, the harvested stem cells are infused into the patient's bloodstream, where they migrate to the bone marrow and begin to differentiate and produce new blood cells. This procedure requires close monitoring and supportive care to manage potential complications such as infections, graft-versus-host disease, and organ damage.

C-peptide is a byproduct that is produced when the hormone insulin is generated in the body. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels, and it is produced in the pancreas by specialized cells called beta cells. When these cells produce insulin, they also generate C-peptide as a part of the same process.

C-peptide is often used as a marker to measure the body's insulin production. By measuring C-peptide levels in the blood, healthcare providers can get an idea of how much insulin the body is producing on its own. This can be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as diabetes, which is characterized by impaired insulin production or function.

It's worth noting that C-peptide is not typically used as a treatment for any medical conditions. Instead, it is primarily used as a diagnostic tool to help healthcare providers better understand their patients' health status and make informed treatment decisions.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach. It is a C-shaped structure that is about 10-12 inches long and is responsible for continuing the digestion process that begins in the stomach. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach through the pyloric valve and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile produced by the pancreas and liver, respectively. These enzymes help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules, allowing for efficient absorption in the remaining sections of the small intestine.

Transplantation conditioning, also known as preparative regimen or immunoablative therapy, refers to the use of various treatments prior to transplantation of cells, tissues or organs. The main goal of transplantation conditioning is to suppress the recipient's immune system, allowing for successful engraftment and minimizing the risk of rejection of the donor tissue.

There are two primary types of transplantation conditioning: myeloablative and non-myeloablative.

1. Myeloablative conditioning is a more intensive regimen that involves the use of high-dose chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both. This approach eliminates not only immune cells but also stem cells in the bone marrow, requiring the recipient to receive a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from the donor to reconstitute their blood and immune system.
2. Non-myeloablative conditioning is a less intensive regimen that primarily targets immune cells while sparing the stem cells in the bone marrow. This approach allows for mixed chimerism, where both recipient and donor immune cells coexist, reducing the risk of severe complications associated with myeloablative conditioning.

The choice between these two types of transplantation conditioning depends on various factors, including the type of transplant, patient's age, overall health, and comorbidities. Both approaches carry risks and benefits, and the decision should be made carefully by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals in consultation with the patient.

Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) is an immunosuppressive drug that is primarily used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation. It works by inhibiting the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, which is a key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of guanosine nucleotides, an essential component for the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. By doing this, MPA reduces the activity of the immune system, thereby preventing it from attacking the transplanted organ.

Mycophenolic Acid is available in two forms: as the sodium salt (Mycophenolate Sodium) and as the morpholinoethyl ester (Mycophenolate Mofetil), which is rapidly hydrolyzed to Mycophenolic Acid after oral administration. Common side effects of MPA include gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, as well as an increased risk of infections due to its immunosuppressive effects.

Organ transplantation is a surgical procedure where an organ or tissue from one person (donor) is removed and placed into another person (recipient) whose organ or tissue is not functioning properly or has been damaged beyond repair. The goal of this complex procedure is to replace the non-functioning organ with a healthy one, thereby improving the recipient's quality of life and overall survival.

Organs that can be transplanted include the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, and intestines. Tissues such as corneas, skin, heart valves, and bones can also be transplanted. The donor may be deceased or living, depending on the type of organ and the medical circumstances.

Organ transplantation is a significant and life-changing event for both the recipient and their families. It requires careful evaluation, matching, and coordination between the donor and recipient, as well as rigorous post-transplant care to ensure the success of the procedure and minimize the risk of rejection.

Cyclosporine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called immunosuppressants. It is primarily used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, such as kidneys, livers, and hearts. Cyclosporine works by suppressing the activity of the immune system, which helps to reduce the risk of the body attacking the transplanted organ.

In addition to its use in organ transplantation, cyclosporine may also be used to treat certain autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. It does this by suppressing the overactive immune response that contributes to these conditions.

Cyclosporine is available in capsule, oral solution, and injectable forms. Common side effects of the medication include kidney problems, high blood pressure, tremors, headache, and nausea. Long-term use of cyclosporine can also increase the risk of certain types of cancer and infections.

It is important to note that cyclosporine should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, as it requires regular monitoring of blood levels and kidney function.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

Medical survival rate is a statistical measure used to determine the percentage of patients who are still alive for a specific period of time after their diagnosis or treatment for a certain condition or disease. It is often expressed as a five-year survival rate, which refers to the proportion of people who are alive five years after their diagnosis. Survival rates can be affected by many factors, including the stage of the disease at diagnosis, the patient's age and overall health, the effectiveness of treatment, and other health conditions that the patient may have. It is important to note that survival rates are statistical estimates and do not necessarily predict an individual patient's prognosis.

Blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is the concentration of glucose in the blood. Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as the main source of energy for the body's cells. It is carried to each cell through the bloodstream and is absorbed into the cells with the help of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas.

The normal range for blood glucose levels in humans is typically between 70 and 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) when fasting, and less than 180 mg/dL after meals. Levels that are consistently higher than this may indicate diabetes or other metabolic disorders.

Blood glucose levels can be measured through a variety of methods, including fingerstick blood tests, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and laboratory tests. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is important for people with diabetes to help manage their condition and prevent complications.

Transplantation is a medical procedure where an organ or tissue is removed from one person (the donor) and placed into another person (the recipient) for the purpose of replacing the recipient's damaged or failing organ or tissue with a functioning one. The goal of transplantation is to restore normal function, improve quality of life, and extend lifespan in individuals with organ failure or severe tissue damage. Common types of transplants include kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, small intestine, and bone marrow transplantations. The success of a transplant depends on various factors, including the compatibility between the donor and recipient, the health of both individuals, and the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ or tissue.

Transplantation Immunology is a branch of medicine that deals with the immune responses occurring between a transplanted organ or tissue and the recipient's body. It involves understanding and managing the immune system's reaction to foreign tissue, which can lead to rejection of the transplanted organ. This field also studies the use of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection and the potential risks and side effects associated with their use. The main goal of transplantation immunology is to find ways to promote the acceptance of transplanted tissue while minimizing the risk of infection and other complications.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) due to absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. There are two main types: Type 1 diabetes, which results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency, and Type 2 diabetes, which is associated with insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Type 1 diabetes typically presents in childhood or young adulthood, while Type 2 diabetes tends to occur later in life, often in association with obesity and physical inactivity. Both types of diabetes can lead to long-term complications such as damage to the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system if left untreated or not well controlled.

The diagnosis of diabetes is usually made based on fasting plasma glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, along with medications to lower blood glucose levels and manage associated conditions.

Cell transplantation is the process of transferring living cells from one part of the body to another or from one individual to another. In medicine, cell transplantation is often used as a treatment for various diseases and conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The goal of cell transplantation is to replace damaged or dysfunctional cells with healthy ones, thereby restoring normal function to the affected area.

In the context of medical research, cell transplantation may involve the use of stem cells, which are immature cells that have the ability to develop into many different types of specialized cells. Stem cell transplantation has shown promise in the treatment of a variety of conditions, including spinal cord injuries, stroke, and heart disease.

It is important to note that cell transplantation carries certain risks, such as immune rejection and infection. As such, it is typically reserved for cases where other treatments have failed or are unlikely to be effective.

I couldn't find a medical definition specifically for "Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental." However, I can provide you with information about experimental diabetes research and its relevance to understanding the disease.

Experimental diabetes models are used in biomedical research to study the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and to test potential therapies or treatments. These models can be broadly categorized into two types: chemically-induced and genetically modified.

1. Chemically-induced diabetes models: These involve administering chemicals, such as alloxan or streptozotocin, to animals (commonly mice or rats) to destroy their pancreatic β-cells, which produce insulin. This results in hyperglycemia and symptoms similar to those seen in type 1 diabetes in humans.
2. Genetically modified diabetes models: These involve altering the genes of animals (commonly mice) to create a diabetes phenotype. Examples include non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, which develop an autoimmune form of diabetes similar to human type 1 diabetes, and various strains of obese mice with insulin resistance, such as ob/ob or db/db mice, which model aspects of type 2 diabetes.

These experimental models help researchers better understand the mechanisms behind diabetes development and progression, identify new therapeutic targets, and test potential treatments before moving on to human clinical trials. However, it's essential to recognize that these models may not fully replicate all aspects of human diabetes, so findings from animal studies should be interpreted with caution.

A transplantation chimera is a rare medical condition that occurs after an organ or tissue transplant, where the recipient's body accepts and integrates the donor's cells or tissues to such an extent that the two sets of DNA coexist and function together. This phenomenon can lead to the presence of two different genetic profiles in one individual.

In some cases, this may result in the development of donor-derived cells or organs within the recipient's body, which can express the donor's unique genetic traits. Transplantation chimerism is more commonly observed in bone marrow transplants, where the donor's immune cells can repopulate and establish themselves within the recipient's bone marrow and bloodstream.

It is important to note that while transplantation chimerism can be beneficial for the success of the transplant, it may also pose some risks, such as an increased likelihood of developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), where the donor's immune cells attack the recipient's tissues.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas refers to the part that releases digestive enzymes into the duodenum, which is the first section of the small intestine. These enzymes help in the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in food, enabling their absorption and utilization by the body.

The exocrine pancreas is made up of acinar cells that cluster together to form acini (singular: acinus), which are small sac-like structures. When stimulated by hormones such as secretin and cholecystokinin, these acinar cells release digestive enzymes like amylase, lipase, and trypsin into a network of ducts that ultimately merge into the main pancreatic duct. This duct then joins the common bile duct, which carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, before emptying into the duodenum.

It is important to note that the pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. The endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of the islets of Langerhans, which release hormones like insulin and glucagon directly into the bloodstream, regulating blood sugar levels.

Glycosylated Hemoglobin A, also known as Hemoglobin A1c or HbA1c, is a form of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose. It is formed in a non-enzymatic glycation reaction with glucose in the blood. The amount of this hemoglobin present in the blood is proportional to the average plasma glucose concentration over the previous 8-12 weeks, making it a useful indicator for monitoring long-term blood glucose control in people with diabetes mellitus.

In other words, HbA1c reflects the integrated effects of glucose regulation over time and is an important clinical marker for assessing glycemic control and risk of diabetic complications. The normal range for HbA1c in individuals without diabetes is typically less than 5.7%, while a value greater than 6.5% is indicative of diabetes.

The majority of pancreas transplantations (> 90%) are simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations. Complications immediately ... This is the least performed method of pancreas transplantation and requires that only the pancreas of a donor is given to the ... There are four main types of pancreas transplantation: Pancreas transplant alone, for the patient with type 1 diabetes who ... Advancement in immunosuppression has improved quality of life after transplantation. In most cases, pancreas transplantation is ...
History of Pancreas Transplantation". Transplantation of the Pancreas. Springer. pp. 45-46. ISBN 0-387-00589-7. Han, Duck Jong ... Every two years an award is given to the most outstanding clinician in the field of pancreas transplantation. "History of ... Thomas, Beje (16 May 2018). "Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation: Overview, Periprocedural Care, Technique". Medscape. "The C. ... "Pancreas Transplantation". Gut and Liver. 4 (4): 450-465. doi:10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.450. ISSN 1976-2283. PMC 3021600. PMID ...
"Pancreas Transplantation". American Diabetes Association. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2014. ... Insulin is released into the blood by beta cells (β-cells), found in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, in response to ... A pancreas transplant is occasionally considered for people with type 1 diabetes who have severe complications of their disease ... Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the ...
History of Pancreas Transplantation". Transplantation of the Pancreas. Springer. pp. 45-46. ISBN 978-0-387-00589-8. History of ... having participated in the world's first successful transplant of a pancreas in 1966 and the first known human transplant of ... who formed half of the quartet which pioneered heart transplantation (the others being Richard Lower and Adrian Kantrowitz). In ...
"Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Drugs". pancreas-kidney.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. a brief history of ... The drug is used primarily in liver and kidney transplantations, although in some clinics it is used in heart, lung, and heart/ ... They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral kidney transplantation, both being similarly ... Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. ...
Casanova, Daniel (May 2017). "Pancreas transplantation: 50 years of experience". Cirugía Española (English Edition). 95 (5): ... Ballen, Karen K.; Gluckman, Eliane; Broxmeyer, Hal E. (2013-07-25). "Umbilical cord blood transplantation: the first 25 years ... Muratore, Sydne; Freeman, Martin; Beilman, Greg (20 February 2015). "Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Auto Transplantation for ... services and blood and marrow and organ transplantation. The Duluth program began in late 1972. It is now a branch campus of ...
Pancreas transplantation for treatment of diabetes mellitus. World J Surg. 2001 Apr;25(4):487-96. [7] Shapiro AMJ, Ricordi C, ... However, only 1,562 pancreases were recovered from donors in 2011. Also, many donated pancreases are not suitable for ... Islet isolation and transplantation was pioneered by Paul Lacy throughout the 1960s. He and Walter Ballinger together were able ... Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen. N ...
... liver and pancreas. During the modern era of immunosuppression, the whole pancreas transplantation technique with enteric ... Whole pancreas transplantation began as a part of multi-organ transplants, in the mid-to-late 1960s, at the University of ... The first attempt to cure type 1 diabetes by pancreas transplantation was done at the University of Minnesota, in Minneapolis, ... See Squifflet, J.P.; Gruessner, R.W.; Sutherland, D.E. (2008). "The History of Pancreas Transplantation: Past, Present and ...
"Pancreas and Islet Cell Transplantation Specialists and Care Centers". Northwestern Medicine. Archived from the original on ... In 1996, surgeons from Northwestern Memorial Hospital became the first in Illinois to perform an islet cell transplantation. On ... organ transplantation, and weight loss. The Simpson Querrey Biomedical Research Center opened in 2019 and is expected to ...
Transplantation of the Endocrine Pancreas in Diabetes Mellitus. R. van Schilfgaarde, M.A. Hardy (eds.). Elsevier Science ... His most recent focus has been on cellular transplantation with emphasis on islet transplantation. Hardy is Principal ... In addition to his work in transplantation, in the earlier part of his career he made several contributions to the development ... 1968-1971 Hardy is an editor of Transplantation and has published more than 300 articles on subjects varying from surgical ...
October 2005). "Simultaneous liver and pancreas transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis". Transplantation Proceedings ... Damage to the pancreas can lead to loss of the islet cells, leading to a type of diabetes unique to those with the disease. ... The pancreas contains the islets of Langerhans, which are responsible for making insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood ... Lung transplantation may be an option if lung function continues to worsen. Pancreatic enzyme replacement and fat-soluble ...
"Low incidence of BK virus nephropathy after simultaneous kidney pancreas transplantation". Transplantation. 82 (3): 382-8. doi: ... Typically, this is in the setting of kidney transplantation or multi-organ transplantation. Presentation in these ... isolated from urine after renal transplantation". Lancet. 1 (7712): 1253-7. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91776-4. PMID 4104714. ... of surveillance and rapid reduction in immunosuppression to control BK virus-related graft injury in kidney transplantation". ...
... kidney transplantation at the University of Cape Town; and in 2005, pancreas transplantation at the University of Minnesota ... Since 1997, he has headed the Centre for Urological Surgery, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation at the Fundeni Clinical ... Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation site; accessed November 6, 2009 (in Romanian) "Ionel Sinescu, noul rector al Universității ... and kidney transplantation in Tel Aviv; in 1991-1992, urologic oncology, reconstructive surgery, endourology and kidney ...
Kirk is an American transplant surgeon and physician, specializing in kidney and pancreas transplantation. He is ... He was senior investigator and chief of the Transplantation Branch for the NIDDK from 2001 to 2007. During that time, he also ... He served as editor-in-chief for the American Journal of Transplantation from 2010 through 2020, and is now Editor Emeritus. ... Kirk has made significant contributions to transplantation over the past 20 years, specifically in the areas of novel immune ...
Islet transplantation is the transplantation of isolated islets from a donor pancreas into another person. It is a treatment ... Health Quality Ontario (2015). "Pancreas Islet Transplantation for Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinical Evidence ... "Strategic opportunities in clinical islet transplantation". Transplantation. 79 (10): 1304-7. doi:10.1097/01.TP. ... The goal of islet transplantation is to infuse enough islets to control the blood glucose level removing the need for insulin ...
Follow-up experience using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution in clinical pancreas transplantation Transplant Proc. ... HTK solution is intended for perfusion and flushing of donor liver, kidney, heart, lung and pancreas prior to removal from the ... 4. Pokorny H., et al.: Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution for organ preservation in human liver transplantation - a ... low-potassium preservation solution used for organ transplantation. The solution was initially developed by Hans-Jürgen ...
Transplantation of an entire pancreas (as an individual organ) is difficult and relatively uncommon. It is often performed in ... Another improvement would be a transplantation of the pancreas or beta cell to avoid periodic insulin administration. This ... "Islet transplantation for brittle type 1 diabetes: the UIC protocol". American Journal of Transplantation. 8 (6): 1250-61. doi: ... A long-acting insulin is used to approximate the basal secretion of insulin by the pancreas, which varies in the course of the ...
Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation (translated into Spanish), Thyroidectomy: ... Liver Transplantation, Pediatric Transplantation, Radiology, Surgery, and Transplantation. He also authored 8 books: Atlas of ... Molmenti, Ernesto P. (2015). Kidney and pancreas transplantation. Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ ... Pancreas Transplantation. Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited. ISBN 978-93-5152-339-0. Herman, Wendy. "LibGuides: ...
In 2002 Hoffmann performed his first independent transplantations of kidney and pancreas. In 2003 he became specialist for ... Hoffmannscientifi work is focussed on ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Sepsis, Transplantation, vascular access surgery, bypass ...
Common transplantations include kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin, and corneas. Some ... Australian Organ Donor Register Organ transplantation in Israel Organ transplantation in China MOHAN Foundation Sri Lanka Eye ... Wicks, Mona Newsome (April 25, 2000). "Brain Death and Transplantation: The Japanese". Medscape Transplantation. Retrieved ... When a recipient for a kidney or pancreas has no direct antibodies to the donor HLA the match is said to be a 0 ABDR mismatch ...
Together with George Burke, Ciancio has made contributions to the field of pancreas transplantations both regarding management ... "Arterial reconstruction with donor iliac vessels during pancreas transplantation: an intraoperative approach to arterial injury ... sirolimus in renal transplantation. Ii. Survival, function, and protocol compliance at 1 year". Transplantation. Ovid ... "The Use of Campath-1H as Induction Therapy in Renal Transplantation: Preliminary Results". Transplantation. Ovid Technologies ( ...
In 1995, he performed London's first pancreas transplantation at St Mary's Hospital and began the first pancreas transplant ... he performed London's first pancreas transplantation. He was part of the team that performed the first kidney transplantation ... He is also a writer, musician and sculptor, known for kidney and pancreas transplantations, and being part of the surgical team ... Co-edited with Franco Favretti, Bruno Dilemans and Gianni Segato Whole Organ Pancreas Transplantation. In Nagy A. Habib and ...
During his time at the MHH he was involved in 4,278 transplantations of liver, kidney and pancreas. Together with his wife Ina ... He is considered a pioneer in liver transplantation. The introduction of the term "transplantation medicine" goes back to ... Just one year later he was head of the Department of Special Surgery and Transplantation. In 1973, Pichlmayr finally became ... In 1988, Pichlmayr performed the world's first so-called split-liver transplantation, in which the donor liver was divided and ...
DNA Shows High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pancreas Graft Rejection in Simultaneous Pancreas-kidney Transplantation. ... published correction appears in Transplantation. 2023 Jan 1;107(1):e43]. Transplantation. 2023;107(3):709-719. doi:10.1097/TP. ... Transplantation Direct. 2021;7(5). Peabody J, Billings P, Valdenor C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of a novel donor-derived ... Transplantation. 2019:103(12):2657-2665. Sigdel TK, Acosta Archila F, Constantin T, et al. Optimizing Detection of Kidney ...
Living Donor Organ Transplantation (2007) "Pancreas and Islet Allotransplantation". In: Shackelford's Seventh Edition Surgery ... "Transplantation for Biliary Atresia". In: Transplantation of the Liver (1996) "Liver Transplantation". In: Maingot's Abdominal ... Impact of graft type on outcome in pediatric liver transplantation: a report from Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation ( ... Liver Transplantation 18 (6), 716-726. (2012) J Huang, JM Millis, Y Mao, MA Millis, X Sang, S Zhong: A pilot programme of organ ...
He previously worked at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where he was Director of the Pancreas Transplantation, Kidney and Pancreas ... "Pancreas Transplant Director Donald Dafoe Joins Cedars-Sinai". Cedars-Sinai Medical Center press release via Newswise.com. May ... and Transplantation Science. Ex-husband to vascular surgeon Dr. Rhoda Dafoe and Sahara Dafoe, he is a father of five, and is ... where he is chief of transplantation surgery. ...
This is the most eminent award in the field of pancreas transplantation and transplantation of diabetic patients. Gruessner has ... Gruessner has edited three standard textbooks including Transplantation of the Pancreas and Living Donor Organ Transplantation ... Gruessner was a member of the team that performed the world's first split pancreas transplant and the world's first pancreas ... Lillehei Award by the International Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Society in Lyon, France. ...
... pancreas and pancreatic islet cell transplantation and one of two sites for kidney transplantation in Scotland. In 2012, the ... "In Coming Days" The Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Souvenir Brochure 1942 "History of Kidney Transplantation". www.edren.org. ... Scotland's first combined kidney and pancreas transplant 2008 - Scotland's first live donor liver transplant by Murat Akyol and ... Ernest Hidalgo 2011 - Scotland's first pancreatic islet cell transplantation 2012 - Scotland's first transcatheter aortic valve ...
... in metabolic studies of type 1 diabetic patients who have successfully received pancreas and pancreatic islet transplantation ( ...
He was the first surgeon in Sweden to perform pancreas transplantation (1974), liver transplantation (1984), and islet cell ... transplantation (1996). He published over 600 articles and a 1984 book, Pancreas Transplantation. He became a professor of ... He pioneered transplantation of various organs, including the liver, pancreas, kidney and bone marrow, as well as ... where he performed the first pancreas, liver and islet cell transplantation surgeries in Sweden. Groth was born in 1933 in ...
The majority of pancreas transplantations (> 90%) are simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations. Complications immediately ... This is the least performed method of pancreas transplantation and requires that only the pancreas of a donor is given to the ... There are four main types of pancreas transplantation: Pancreas transplant alone, for the patient with type 1 diabetes who ... Advancement in immunosuppression has improved quality of life after transplantation. In most cases, pancreas transplantation is ...
The first successful pancreas transplantation in conjunction with a simultaneous kidney transplantation was performed by W. ... The purpose of pancreas transplantation is to ameliorate type I diabetes and produce complete insulin independence. ... Effect of pancreas transplantation on secondary complications of diabetes. Recipients of successful pancreas transplantation ... encoded search term (Pancreas Transplantation) and Pancreas Transplantation What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Pancreas transplantation is a type of surgery in which you receive a healthy donor pancreas. It is an option for some people ... Pancreas transplantation is a type of surgery in which you receive a healthy donor pancreas. ... In a pancreas transplant, your own pancreas remains in your body. The surgeon generally connects the new pancreas to your ... Candidates for pancreas transplantation generally have type 1 diabetes, usually along with kidney damage, nerve damage, eye ...
Our transplantation centre serves a population of almost two million people in North West London. Our transplant team performs ... We also perform between 10 and 20 pancreas transplants each year. Our outpatient transplant services at Hammersmith hospitals ...
Pancreas transplantation occurs when a healthy pancreas, donated from a deceased donor (although in rare cases, living pancreas ... Pancreas transplantation occurs when a healthy pancreas, donated from a deceased donor (although in rare cases, living pancreas ... Simultaneous Kidney/Pancreas Transplantation (SPK) - A recipient receives a kidney and a pancreas at the same time from the ... Pancreas After Kidney Transplantation (PAK) - A recipient undergoes kidney transplantation first, usually from a living donor, ...
Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus through Combined Liver-Small Intestine-Pancreas Transplantation Monique A. Foster. , Lauren M ... Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus through Combined Liver-Small Intestine-Pancreas Transplantation. ...
A pancreas transplant is a treatment option for a small number of people with insulin-treated diabetes. ... Pancreas Toggle Pancreas section. * Pancreas * Is a pancreas transplant right for you? * Who is able to have a pancreas ... Why a pancreas transplant might not be your best option. A pancreas transplant has lots of advantages but it also has some ... A pancreas transplant is a major operation lasting 2-4 hours. *If a kidney is transplanted at the same time as a pancreas (an ...
Congratulations to Westmead Hospital which today celebrated 30 years of pancreas transplantation. By Chris ThomasAugust 16, ... Home , News , Congratulations to Westmead Hospital which today celebrated 30 years of pancreas transplantation ... Congratulations to Westmead Hospital which today celebrated 30 years of pancreas transplantation. ... who have been integral to the successful pancreas transplantation program in Australia. ...
Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats was completely reversed by transplantation of syngeneic fetal pancreases placed beneath ... Fetal Pancreas Transplantation for Reversal of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Rats Josiah Brown, MD; Josiah Brown, MD ... Josiah Brown, William R Clark, I G Molnar, S Mullen; Fetal Pancreas Transplantation for Reversal of Streptozotocin-induced ... Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats was completely reversed by transplantation of syngeneic fetal pancreases placed beneath ...
title = "C-peptide and combined kidney-pancreas transplantation",. keywords = "C-peptide, diabetes mellitus, kidney-pancreas, ... Bhargava R, Mitsides N, Saif I, MacDowall P, Woywodt A. C-peptide and combined kidney-pancreas transplantation. NDT Plus. 2009 ... C-peptide and combined kidney-pancreas transplantation. / Bhargava, Ramya; Mitsides, Nicos; Saif, Imran et al. In: NDT Plus, ... Bhargava, R, Mitsides, N, Saif, I, MacDowall, P & Woywodt, A 2009, C-peptide and combined kidney-pancreas transplantation, ...
Pancreas Transplantation - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer ... Complications of Pancreas Transplantation Transplantation can cause various complications Complications After Transplantation ... Pancreas transplantation is the removal of a healthy pancreas from a recently deceased person or rarely a part of a pancreas ... people who need pancreas transplantation also qualify for kidney transplantation Kidney Transplantation Kidney transplantation ...
A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. Learn more. ... Getting a New Pancreas: Facts about Pancreas Transplants (American Society of Transplantation) - PDF ... A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. It is mostly ... Kidney-Pancreas Transplant (National Kidney Foundation) * Pancreas transplant - series -- Normal anatomy (Medical Encyclopedia) ...
We report herein a case of mesangial sclerosis in a patient who underwent successful kidney-pancreas transplantation despite ... BackgroundSimultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is considered a curative treatment for type 1 diabetes complicated by ... function.Case presentationA 76-year-old type 1 diabetic man who underwent a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation 19 ... resembling diabetic nephropathy in a patient with good glucose control after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation with ...
Laparoscopy-Assisted Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Living-Donor Pancreas Transplantation. In: Transplantation ... Laparoscopy-Assisted Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Living-Donor Pancreas Transplantation. Transplantation ... Laparoscopy-Assisted Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Living-Donor Pancreas Transplantation. Transplantation ... Laparoscopy-Assisted Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Living-Donor Pancreas Transplantation, Transplantation ...
... Summary. The pancreas is a gland behind your stomach and in front of your spine. It produces the ... A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. It is mostly ... Getting a New Pancreas: Facts about Pancreas Transplants American Society of Transplantation ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Pancreas Transplantation National Institutes of Health. Genetics. *Genetics Home Reference: type 1 diabetes ...
Background The purpose of pancreas transplantation is to ameliorate insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes and produce complete ... Bladder-drained pancreas transplantation is a safer procedure than enteric-drained pancreas transplantation with respect to the ... Eligibility criteria for pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) or simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation include the ... Kidney transplantation in diabetic patients undergoing combined kidney-pancreas or kidney-only transplantation. Transplantation ...
... answers common questions from primary care providers on when pancreas transplantation is needed. Diabetes Q&A,Diabetes Q&A ... Pancreas transplantation. Lancet. 2009;373:1808-1817.. *Han DJ, Sutherland DER. Pancreas transplantation. Gut Liver. 2010;4:450 ... Pancreas transplantation. Lancet. 2009;373:1808-1817.. 4. Han DJ, Sutherland DER. Pancreas transplantation. Gut Liver. 2010;4: ... Q: When is pancreas transplantation contraindicated?. A: Patients with a history of severe heart or lung disease, cancer, or ...
Division of Kidney & Pancreas Transplantation. 912 Oxford House. 1313 21st Avenue South. Nashville, TN 37232-4750. Phone: (615 ... The Vanderbilt Adult Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program received the HRSA/Organ Donation and Transplantation Alliance ... "Pretransplant Overweight and Obesity Do Not Affect Physical Quality of Life After Kidney Transplantation," in the Journal of ... Bronze Award at the 6th National Learning Congress for the Donation and Transplantation Community of Practice. ...
Kenmochi, T, Shyr, YM, Han, DJ & Ito, T 2021, Surgical Aspects of Pancreas Transplantation. in Pancreas Transplantation-the ... Surgical Aspects of Pancreas Transplantation. In Pancreas Transplantation-the Asian Experience: A Registry Report. Springer ... Surgical Aspects of Pancreas Transplantation. Pancreas Transplantation-the Asian Experience: A Registry Report. Springer Nature ... title = "Surgical Aspects of Pancreas Transplantation",. abstract = "The successful outcome of pancreas transplantation largely ...
Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pancreas Transplantation, Time Factors, Quality of Life ...
Transplantation of the pancreas - Surgical realization and organ perfusion organised next 13th of July at 5pm. ... Live Webinar on Transplantation of the pancreas. We encourage you to participate in the live webinar "Transplantation of the ... He will discuss both the surgical techniques and the purposes of preservation solutions used for pancreas transplantation. ... Robert Öllinger, Head of Transplantation Unit in the Charité University Hospital in Berlin. Professor Öllinger will present his ...
Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation for Type 2 Diabetes.. K. Wong, W. Bry, H. Mahanty, P. Patel. ... The Survival Benefit of Pancreas and/or Kidney Transplantation for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.. R. Gruessner, V. Whittaker, ... Impact of Early Hospital Readmission Following Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation.. E. King, L. Kucirka, M. McAdams- ... 2016 American Transplant Congress » Concurrent Session: Clinical Pancreas Transplantation 1. Date: Monday, June 13, 2016 ...
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Transplantation of the Pancreas: Types, Procedural Steps, and Recovery Health ExpressNewsTimes ... Transplantation of the Pancreas: Types, Procedural Steps, and Recovery. HealthHealth Tips Transplantation of the Pancreas: ... Understanding Pancreas Transplantation. In the belly, next to the stomach, intestines, and other organs, the pancreas is an ... Pancreas transplantation alone: Diabetic patients without or with minimal renal impairment may qualify for a pancreas ...
Read chapter CASE 52 of Molmentis Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e online ... Ernesto Pompeo Molmenti.eds. Molmentis Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e. ... Ernesto Pompeo Molmenti. Molmentis Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e. ... Home Books Molmentis Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e ...
The very favorable lipid profile in post-diabetic pancreas-kidney transplant recipients could be expected to counteract the ... The distinctly elevated HDL cholesterol in pancreas-kidney transplant patients can be readily explained by the low postprandial ... We studied 11 post-type I diabetic pancreas-kidney transplant recipients, 9 type I diabetic kidney transplant recipients ... High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol averaged 1.98 (0.40) mmol/L in pancreas-kidney transplant patients, clearly higher ...
"Use of OKT3 in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation." Transplant Proc, vol. 22, no. 4, Aug. 1990, pp. 1748-49. ... "Use of OKT3 in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation." Transplant Proc 22, no. 4 (August 1990): 1748-49. ... Use of OKT3 in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation.. Publication , Journal Article ... Use of OKT3 in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 1990 Aug;22(4):1748-9. ...
Starting soon: Experts will examine emerging trends in pancreas transplantation. Print Email ... The average ages of patients who are potentially eligible for pancreas transplantation and of potential organ donors are on the ...
Optimizing outcomes in pancreas transplantation: Impact of organ preservation time. Ehren Rudolph, Ty B Dunn, David E.R. ... Dive into the research topics of Optimizing outcomes in pancreas transplantation: Impact of organ preservation time. Together ...
Pancreas, and Lungs). The US market for Organ and Tissue Transplantation in this report is analyzed by the following Product ... Heart Valves Transplantation. II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. MARKET OVERVIEW 2. MARKET TRENDS 3. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 4. MAJOR ... The global and regional markets (except the US) for Organ and Tissue Transplantation in this report are analyzed by the ... This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Organ and Tissue Transplantation in Number of Procedures. ...
  • At present, pancreas transplants are usually performed in persons with insulin-dependent diabetes, who can develop severe complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of pancreas transplants in the United States decreased from 2004 (when approximately 1500 were performed) to 2015. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequently, pancreas transplants have risen, mainly because of increased simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplants, while pancreas transplant alone (PTA) continued on a downward trend. (medscape.com)
  • PAK represented less than 10% of pancreas transplants in 2019. (medscape.com)
  • Select people with type 2 diabetes have received pancreas transplants as well. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • People who receive simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplants also tend to have less chance of rejection. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We also perform between 10 and 20 pancreas transplants each year. (imperial.nhs.uk)
  • An experimental procedure called islet cell transplantation transplants only the parts of the pancreas that make insulin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People who have transplants must take drugs to keep their body from rejecting the new pancreas for the rest of their lives. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 1043 pancreas transplants were performed in 2012. (medscape.com)
  • However, the percentage of pancreas transplants performed as part of a multi-organ transplant has increased since 2004. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 85% to 90% of patients need pancreas and kidney transplant, and 80% of these are SPK transplants. (consultant360.com)
  • In India, type 1 diabetes is mostly treated via pancreas transplants. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Surgeons may perform combination kidney-pancreas transplants on diabetic patients who are at danger of renal failure. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Most kidney transplants and pancreas transplants are done at the same time. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Candidates for pancreas transplants in India typically have type 1 diabetes in addition to renal illness, nerve damage, eyesight problems, or some complication of another disease. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • During the past decade, pancreas transplants had improved outcomes as a result of improvements in pancreas recovery and preservation, the surgical procedure, immunosuppressive regimens, and immunologic monitoring. (aacnjournals.org)
  • A retrospective single-center analysis of 380 pancreas transplants (2000-2019) was performed to correlate current preservation solutions with transplant outcomes. (frontierspartnerships.org)
  • A series of 32 recipients of liver, kidney, or pancreas transplants who were treated with sirolimus and low-dose tacrolimus experienced a low rate of rejection and excellent graft function without drug-related toxic effects. (bepress.com)
  • The majority of transplants occur in high income countries, while in some parts of the world kidney transplantation is even non-existent or only relies on live donation. (who.int)
  • It became obvious that perioperative coordination is essential, in particular when the pancreas and liver are procured by different teams. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • During pancreatic islet cell transplant, insulin-producing cells (islet cells) taken from a dead donor's pancreas are injected into a vein that connects to your liver. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Use of OKT3 in kidney, pancreas, and liver transplantation. (duke.edu)
  • The global and regional markets (except the US) for 'Organ and Tissue Transplantation' in this report are analyzed by the following Product Segments - Organ Tranplantation (Heart, Kidneys, Liver, Pancreas, and Lungs). (prnewswire.com)
  • Mount Sinai Transplant offers a wide range of transplantation services, including procedures related to the bone marrow , cornea , heart , intestinal , kidney , liver , and pancreas . (mountsinai.org)
  • As one of the largest liver transplantation centers in the nation, Mount Sinai's surgeons treat adult and pediatric liver patients with innovative treatments and procedures. (mountsinai.org)
  • Combined Liver, Pancreas-Duodenum, and Kidney Transplantation for Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis, Urem. (annalsoftransplantation.com)
  • I have primary responsibility for kidney and pancreas transplant patients, but I also work with the heart, liver, and lung transplant population. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Investigation included review of laboratory data and medical in liver recipients after transplantation that were reported to records. (cdc.gov)
  • infections were detected a median of 38 from the same donor as the liver recipient were evaluated for (range = 5-116) weeks after transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • Recipients of a the Advisory Committee on Immunization liver from a donor with isolated total anti-HBc positive results can develop reactivation of hepatitis B after transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 2 ] Nevertheless, extended survival was seen in a few patients and included a 3-year-old girl who received a multivisceral transplant (stomach, duodenum, pancreas, small bowel, colon and liver). (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, the proportions decreased depending on the type of organ, i.e. liver (72.5%), heart (66.1%), lung (43.9%), pancreas (27.8%) and small bowel (14.9%)4. (who.int)
  • Pancreas-after-kidney transplant (PAK), when a cadaveric, or deceased, donor pancreas transplant is performed after a previous, and different, living or deceased donor kidney transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simultaneous deceased donor pancreas and live donor kidney (SPLK) has the benefit of lower rate of delayed graft function than SPK and significantly reduced waiting times, resulting in improved outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] The pancreas is usually procured from a deceased organ donor, although select cases of living-donor pancreas transplantations have been performed. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreas transplantation is a type of surgery in which you receive a healthy donor pancreas. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • These results were comparable with those of previous studies concerning living-donor pancreas transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusion The LA-WT is a safe and acceptable operation for living-donor pancreas transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, select cases of living-donor pancreas transplantations have been performed. (medscape.com)
  • A kidney transplant may be suggested initially if a living or deceased donor kidney becomes available following a protracted search for both a donor kidney and a donor pancreas. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • You will have a pancreatic transplant when a donor pancreas becomes available following your recovery from kidney transplant surgery. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • [ 4 ] According to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry, nearly 10,000 pancreatic transplantations were recorded by 1998. (medscape.com)
  • Although about 93% of patients who receive a pancreas transplant have type 1 diabetes (International Pancreas Transplant Registry data), a growing number of candidates with type 2 diabetes are being identified. (consultant360.com)
  • According to data from the International Pancreas Transplant Registry, more than 56,000 PTx's were carried out worldwide between the first operation in the 1960s and 2017 ( 2 ). (frontierspartnerships.org)
  • In an analysis of 40 pancreas transplantations (50% PTA, 27.5% SPK, 22.5% PAK) after islet cell transplantation graft failure, overall survival rates (97% at 1 year and 83% at 5 years) were not adversely affected. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent experimentation with intrasplenic transplantation did not succeed because of graft necrosis. (medscape.com)
  • The complications of graft pancreatitis and bladder leakage that plagued early experiences with pancreas transplantation have largely been resolved as a result of both better technical expertise and fewer rejection- and immunosuppression-related complications. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] The first successful pancreas transplantation was performed in 1966, simultaneously with kidney graft. (medscape.com)
  • An alternative therapy that may also ameliorate diabetes is islet cell transplantation, but this procedure is experimental and has not yet demonstrated equivalence to whole-graft pancreas transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent diabetic nephropathy is observed as early as 2 years after KTA in a diabetic recipient or upon failure of the pancreas graft after SPK but has never been reported with a functioning SPK. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreas graft survival rates are also higher than 95% at 1 year and higher than 90% at 5 years. (consultant360.com)
  • Donation After Cardiac Death Dose Not Impact Short and Long Term Graft Outcomes in Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Pancreas transplantation with systemic venous drainage of the graft causes elevated plasma levels of insulin, known to be a potent regulator of plasma lipoprotein metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In terms of both pancreas and kidney graft survival, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • The maintenance of organ viability from donation to transplantation is a decisive factor for the adequate function and survival of the graft, especially in organs such as the pancreas, which is highly susceptible to ischemic damage. (frontierspartnerships.org)
  • The objectives of this study are to evaluate QoL before and after PKT and to compare the results with patients in whom the pancreas graft failed soon after the transplantation (PKT-P). The trial is a prospective controlled multicenter study. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Its disadvantages are that transplanted glucagon -secreting alpha cells are nonfunctional (possibly complicating hypoglycemia) and several pancreata are usually required for a single islet cell recipient (exacerbating disparities between graft supply and demand and limiting use of the procedure). (merckmanuals.com)
  • The introduction of TAC in 1990 improved actuarial graft and patient survival rates following all types of intestine transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • We herein report the outcomes of four cases of LA spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (Warshaw technique [WT]) in living pancreas donors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Simultaneous islet cell-kidney transplantation may be desirable in the future after the outcomes have improved. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Some clinicians believe pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplantation has inferior outcomes compared to simultaneous kidney-pancreas (SPK) transplantation. (unos.org)
  • A pancreas transplant is an organ transplant that involves implanting a healthy pancreas (one that can produce insulin) into a person who usually has diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pancreas transplantation is principally performed to ameliorate type 1 diabetes mellitus and produce complete independence from injected insulin. (medscape.com)
  • Experiments in pancreas transplantation began long before the discovery of insulin. (medscape.com)
  • Most pancreatic transplantations are performed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who lack of insulin production. (medscape.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas stops producing the hormone insulin. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Instead, the new pancreas will create insulin for you. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Most patients with insulin-treated diabetes do not need a pancreas transplant. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • 4. Some patients with insulin-treated diabetes and kidney failure might be suitable for Simultaneous Islet and Kidney (SIK) transplantation. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • This is where the insulin-producing cells (islets) of a donated pancreas are separated from the rest of the pancreas tissue. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • More than 80% of people who have diabetes and who receive a pancreas transplant have normal blood sugar levels afterward and no longer need insulin , but they trade this benefit for the need to take immunosuppressants, with the risk of infections and other side effects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because injectable insulin is a safe and reasonably effective treatment for diabetes, freedom from insulin is not considered a sufficient reason for pancreas transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A: Pancreas transplantation can eliminate the need for insulin and oral medication, improve neuropathy, and halt the progression of retinopathy and atherosclerosis. (consultant360.com)
  • In addition to producing hormones like insulin and glucagon, the pancreas also secretes digestive fluids that help the body utilise and store food-derived energy. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • A healthy pancreas (one that generates insulin) is put into a patient in India who needs a pancreas transplant since their pancreas is no longer producing enough insulin for their body. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes may be reversible with pancreatic transplantation. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • A successful pancreas transplant in India will do away with the need for insulin injections, lessen or do away with the requirement for diabetes-related dietary and physical activity limitations, and decrease or do away with the possibility of life-threatening low blood sugar responses. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • With a healthy pancreas from a transplant, a diabetic patient can start producing insulin or achieve insulin independence. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • We studied 11 post-type I diabetic pancreas-kidney transplant recipients, 9 type I diabetic kidney transplant recipients displaying peripheral hyperinsulinemia due to subcutaneous insulin treatment, 11 nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients as controls for the effects of immunosuppressive medication, and 11 healthy control subjects, all matched for age, sex, and body mass index. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding the glucagon stimulation test and 75 g OGTT results, insulin independence rate, HbA1c, or serum creatinine level after transplantation. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Quality of Life After Islet/Pancreas Transplantation in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Normally, blood glucose levels are tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. (medicinenet.com)
  • When the blood glucose elevates (for example, after eating food), insulin is released from the pancreas. (medicinenet.com)
  • In type 1 diabetes , the pancreas cannot produce insulin. (medicinenet.com)
  • Diabetes results from loss or dysfunction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. (lu.se)
  • Currently, more people are in need of a healthy pancreas than can be provided for with donors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Patients and Methods Four living pancreas donors underwent LA-WT at our institution from September 2010 to January 2013. (elsevierpure.com)
  • All donors fulfilled the donor criteria established by the Japan Society for Pancreas and Islet Transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Two donors underwent left nephrectomy in addition to LA-WT for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Pancreas Transplantation Using Expanded Criteria Donors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The average ages of patients who are potentially eligible for pancreas transplantation and of potential organ donors are on the rise, but that is not the only challenge for this sector of the diabetes community, as Eelco J.P. de Koning, MD, PhD, will explain in a session beginning at 1:45 p.m. (adameetingnews.org)
  • The hazard that transplantation presents for live organ donors is the inequities that occur when vulnerable and poor people are de donors, and the recipients are from high income backgrounds. (who.int)
  • Complications immediately after surgery include clotting of the arteries or veins of the new pancreas (thrombosis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), infection, bleeding and rejection. (wikipedia.org)
  • A pancreas transplant is a treatment option for some patients who have major complications from their diabetes. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • Surgery is shorter than SPK transplantation and the risks of complications after surgery are lower. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • Surgery is shorter than pancreas transplantation and the risks of complications after surgery are lower. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • Thus, normalizing glucose through successful pancreas transplantation might be expected to stabilize or reverse microvascular complications. (medscape.com)
  • Q: Do the data show improvements in the risks and complications of pancreas transplantation? (consultant360.com)
  • For patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, pancreas transplantation (PTx) is the only therapeutic option capable of normalizing blood glucose and minimizing secondary complications of diabetes, resulting in an increase in the survival and an improved quality of life ( 1 ). (frontierspartnerships.org)
  • Studies comparing renal function in SPK transplantation recipients versus diabetic KTA recipients did not demonstrate significant differences during the early posttransplant period. (medscape.com)
  • A: Generally, transplant recipients are younger than 60 years old, 1 are medically and emotionally able to withstand surgery and immunosuppression, understand the risks as well as the benefits of transplantation, and are willing to comply with long-term follow-up. (consultant360.com)
  • In type I diabetic kidney transplant recipients the levels of HDL cholesterol (1.88 (0.63) mmol/L), postprandial lipemia, and lipoprotein lipase activity were intermediate between pancreas-kidney transplant patients and healthy controls. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The very favorable lipid profile in post-diabetic pancreas-kidney transplant recipients could be expected to counteract the severe atherosclerotic risk of long-standing diabetes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although previous recommendations for preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through transplantation of human tissue and organs have markedly reduced the risk for this type of transmission, a case of HIV transmission from a screened, antibody-negative donor to several recipients raised questions about the need for additional federal oversight of transplantation of organs and tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • There are four main types of pancreas transplantation: Pancreas transplant alone, for the patient with type 1 diabetes who usually has severe, frequent hypoglycemia, but adequate kidney function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Q: Are there different types of pancreas transplantation? (consultant360.com)
  • In this setting therefore, IGL-1 solution appears promising for perfusion and organ preservation in clinical pancreas transplantation, compared to other commonly used solutions. (frontierspartnerships.org)
  • The long-term outlook for people who receive a pancreas transplant is quite good. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Overall, more than 90% of people who receive a pancreas transplant receive a kidney transplant at the same time. (msdmanuals.com)
  • One year after transplantation more than 95% of all patients are still alive and 80-85% of all pancreases are still functional. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 95% of people survive at least 1 year after transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pancreas transplantations are also performed after successful kidney transplantation (ie, pancreas-after-kidney [PAK] transplantation). (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] About 15% of pancreas transplantations are performed after a previously successful kidney transplantation from a living or deceased donor. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who also have severe renal disease should be considered for combined transplantation of the kidneys and pancreas because most persons with type 1 diabetes who undergo only renal transplantation will show evidence of renal damage within 2 years. (consultant360.com)
  • The potential harm that type 1 diabetes may do to other organs, such as the kidneys, can also be managed with a pancreas transplant. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • During a pancreas transplant, you'll receive a healthy pancreas from a donor who has died. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • A pancreas transplant is surgery to place a healthy pancreas from a donor into a person with a diseased pancreas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 3 Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation 2016. (who.int)
  • In the event of rejection of the new pancreas, which would quickly cause life-threatening diabetes, there would be a significant chance the recipient would not survive very well for long without the native pancreas, however dysfunctional, still in place. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the least performed method of pancreas transplantation and requires that only the pancreas of a donor is given to the recipient. (wikipedia.org)
  • This screening is done to be sure that the organ is healthy enough for transplantation and the recipient does not have any medical conditions that would prohibit transplantation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The transplanted organ(s) are generally placed in the lower abdomen with enteric (pancreas) and bladder (renal) drainage and the recipient pancreas is left intact. (consultant360.com)
  • A healthy pancreas is implanted into a recipient whose pancreas is no longer functioning during a pancreatic transplant procedure. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Because injection drug or HBV DNA) in an organ recipient without evidence for HBV infection (anti-HBc, HBsAg, or HBV DNA) preceding transplantation. (cdc.gov)
  • Organ and tissue donation and transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ or tissue. (who.int)
  • An individual whose pancreas is no longer working normally will receive a healthy pancreas from a dead donor during a pancreas transplant operation. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Diabetic patients without or with minimal renal impairment may qualify for a pancreas transplant alone. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • The aim of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation (PKT) in type I diabetic patients with end-stage nephropathy is to restore both functions. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • abstract = "Comparison before and after transplantation of pancreas-kidney and pancreas-kidney with loss of pancreas--a prospective controlled quality of life study.Adang EM, Engel GL, van Hooff JP, Kootstra G.University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands.The aim of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation (PKT) in type I diabetic patients with end-stage nephropathy is to restore both functions. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Pancreas Transplantation Pancreas transplantation is a form of pancreatic beta-cell replacement that can restore normoglycemia in diabetic patients. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, a central goal of diabetes research is to regenerate pancreatic beta cells or produce large numbers of functional beta cells for transplantation into diabetic patients. (lu.se)
  • A: Patients with a history of severe heart or lung disease, cancer, or blood vessel disorders of the neck and lung, and those with chronic infections (such as hepatitis or HIV infection) are not good candidates for transplantation.5 Persons with diabetes who are obese (BMI of more than 28 kg/m2) must lose weight before the procedure. (consultant360.com)
  • [ 9 ] The use of TAC as the primary immunosuppressant in small bowel transplantation as well as improved surgical techniques, the availability of an increased array of potent immunosuppressive medications, infection prophylaxis, and suitable patient selection have contributed to the reality of this procedure for a growing number of patients who are total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-dependent and have permanent intestinal failure. (medscape.com)
  • The resulting benefits of pancreas and kidney transplantation are discussed below. (medscape.com)
  • Despite extensive animal experimentation, pancreatic transplantation did not become a reality until 1966, when W.D. Kelly performed the first human, whole-organ pancreatic transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
  • This medical problem might be able to be cured with a pancreatic transplantation. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • Overview of Transplantation Transplantation is the removal of living, functioning cells, tissues, or organs from the body and then their transfer back into the same body or into a different body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the belly, next to the stomach, intestines, and other organs, the pancreas is an organ about the size of a hand. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • A working group formed by the Public Health Service (PHS) in 1991 to address these issues concluded that further recommendations should be made to reduce the already low risk of HIV transmission by transplantation of organs and tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • This occurrence raised questions about the need for additional federal oversight of transplantation of organs and tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • The working group concluded that, although existing recommendations are largely sufficient, revisions should be made to reduce the already low risk of HIV transmission via transplantation of organs and tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • 5 United Nations General Assembly - Resolution A/RES/71/322 on Strengthening and promoting effective measures and international cooperation on organ donation and transplantation to prevent and combat trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal and trafficking in human organs, September 2017. (who.int)
  • The shortage of available organs for transplantation and unequal access to transplantation have also stimulated the emergence of trafficking in persons for the purpose of the removal of organs and trafficking in human organs, frequently as transnational criminal activities. (who.int)
  • however, it usually involves a longer wait- ing time, while PAK allows for earlier renal transplantation from a living donor and offers earlier correction of uremia. (consultant360.com)
  • Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK), when the pancreas and kidney are transplanted simultaneously from the same deceased donor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The kidney transplant may be done earlier or even after the pancreas transplant. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Surgeons may plan to do a pancreas transplant at the same time as a kidney transplant, to help control blood glucose levels and reduce damage to the new kidney. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 3. A kidney transplant, followed by a pancreas transplant a year or so later. (nhsbt.nhs.uk)
  • Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPK). (consultant360.com)
  • Pancreas-after-kidney transplant (PAK). (consultant360.com)
  • A kidney transplant in India and a pancreas transplant are commonly carried out together. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • The distinctly elevated HDL cholesterol in pancreas-kidney transplant patients can be readily explained by the low postprandial triglyceride levels resulting from a high activity of lipoprotein lipase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Vanderbilt Adult Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Program received the HRSA/Organ Donation and Transplantation Alliance Bronze Award at the 6th National Learning Congress for the Donation and Transplantation Community of Practice. (vumc.org)
  • 3 2015 Report: Organ Donation and Transplantation Activities. (who.int)
  • About 100 transplant centers in the United States perform pancreas transplantations. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors team wear blue coat perform pancreas transplant surgery at the operating room in the hospital. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • A: Along with the usual surgical risks, additional risks include venous thrombosis, clotting which can cause infarction of the new pancreas, and pancreatitis. (consultant360.com)
  • One-year survival has been reported following transplantation of a living-related segment of a donor intestine [ 4 ] and in a 41-year-old woman with short gut syndrome (SGS) secondary to superior mesenteric artery thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • The surgeon generally connects the new pancreas to your intestines so its digestive juices can drain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The pancreas most commonly is procured from a deceased organ donor. (medscape.com)
  • The prognosis after pancreas transplantation is very good. (wikipedia.org)
  • Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Can Improve Prognosis of Extramedullary Infiltration Pos. (annalsoftransplantation.com)
  • After the transplant, healthcare providers prescribe special medicines that suppress the immune system, such as azathioprine and cyclosporine, to help prevent rejection of the new pancreas. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • With improved immunosuppressive regimens and newer surgical techniques, the 1980s ushered in a new era in pancreas transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic Islet Cell Transplantation Pancreatic islet cell transplantation is the surgical removal of the pancreas from a recently deceased person, the separation of islet cells from the pancreas, and then their injection into. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We encourage you to participate in the live webinar " Transplantation of the pancreas - Surgical realization and organ perfusion ", organized by Dr. F. Köhler Chemie next 13thof July at 5pm . (cardiolinkgroup.com)
  • He will discuss both the surgical techniques and the purposes of preservation solutions used for pancreas transplantation. (cardiolinkgroup.com)
  • An alternative therapy that may also ameliorate diabetes is islet cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreas and islet cell transplantation can be considered complementary transplant options and undergoing one or the other is not mutually exclusive. (medscape.com)
  • Research on islet cell transplantation is being conducted for those with severe, developing type 1 diabetes. (expressnewstimes.com)
  • A secondary advantage is that islet cell transplantation appears to help maintain normoglycemia in patients who require total pancreatectomy for pain due to chronic pancreatitis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Kidney transplantation for treatment of end-stage kidney disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: case series and literature review. (nih.gov)
  • Because the beta cells in the pancreatic islets are selectively destroyed by an autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes , clinicians and researchers are actively pursuing islet transplantation as a means of restoring physiological beta cell function, which would offer an alternative to a complete pancreas transplant or artificial pancreas . (wikipedia.org)
  • Our program brings together a distinguished and multidisciplinary team of surgeons, physicians, and other health care professionals at The Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute , Mount Sinai Heart , and other patient service areas at Mount Sinai to support you every step of the way. (mountsinai.org)
  • Mount Sinai utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach to ensure a seamless patient journey for adult and pediatric patients requiring a new kidney or pancreas. (mountsinai.org)
  • Candidates for pancreas transplantation generally have type 1 diabetes, usually along with kidney damage, nerve damage, eye problems, or another complication of the disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Most pancreas transplantation candidates have had diabetes for 20-25 years on average prior to consideration for transplantation, so many have had laser surgery for retinopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Persons with diabetes whose blood glucose levels are not controlled with standard treatment, despite advanced patient education and self-care, may be candidates for transplantation. (consultant360.com)
  • Patients with diabetes secondary to a previous pancreatectomy may also be candidates for transplantation. (consultant360.com)
  • Background: To perform more pancreas transplantation (PTx), our center sometimes performs pancreas transplantation for candidates ranked sixth place or lower. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Conclusions: In Japan, where there is a severe donor shortage, the performance of transplantation for lower-ranked candidates would increase the number of opportunities for patients to receive PTx. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • The researchers, on behalf of the OPTN Pediatric Transplantation Committee, studied early effects of a policy implemented in March 2016 that changed medical urgency criteria for pediatric candidates (ages newborn to 17) awaiting a heart transplant. (unos.org)
  • In most cases, pancreas transplantation is performed on people with type 1 diabetes with end-stage renal disease, brittle diabetes, and hypoglycaemic unawareness. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other type 2 diabetics can benefit from a pancreas transplant. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the most common type of pancreas transplantation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, pancreas transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes has increased steadily in recent years. (medscape.com)
  • A pancreas transplant is a choice for some people with type 1 diabetes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • If your type 1 Diabetes becomes uncontrollable, a pancreas transplant may become a life-saving treatment option. (mountsinai.org)
  • Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is considered a curative treatment for type 1 diabetes complicated by end-stage kidney disease. (escholarship.org)
  • A 76-year-old type 1 diabetic man who underwent a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation 19 years prior presented with persistent nephrotic range proteinuria although creatinine was at his baseline (normal) level. (escholarship.org)
  • Background Living pancreas transplantation plays an important role in the treatment of patients with severe type 1 diabetes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The Survival Benefit of Pancreas and/or Kidney Transplantation for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation for Type 2 Diabetes. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Aims For selected individuals with complex Type 1 diabetes, pancreatic islet transplantation (IT) offers the potential of excellent glycaemic control without significant hypoglycaemia, balanced by the need for ongoing systemic immunosuppression. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Kidney Transplantation Kidney transplantation is the most common type of solid organ transplantation. (merckmanuals.com)
  • abstract = "The successful outcome of pancreas transplantation largely depends on the procuring surgeon{\textquoteright}s expertise [1]. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
  • Sarabu N, Augustine J, Woodside K, Hricik D, Padiyar A, Sanchez E. Comparison of Creatinine Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and Iothalamate-Measured GFR (mGFR) Following Simultaneous Pancreas - Kidney Transplantation [abstract]. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
  • Cite this: Intestine Transplantation - Medscape - Jun 01, 2002. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Although tacrolimus (Prograf) is the calcineurin inhibitor usually employed in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKTx), no prospective randomized studies have compared its efficacy to cyclosporine (Neoral), when either drug is used in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the pancreas is drained into the portal vein. (unipi.it)