Panama Canal Zone

Panama

Isthmus6

• The Panama Canal Zone (Spanish: Zona del Canal de Panamá), also simply known as the Canal Zone, was an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States, located in the Isthmus of Panama, that existed from 1903 to 1979. (wikipedia.org)
• Proposals for a canal across the Isthmus of Panama date back to 1529, soon after the Spanish conquest. (wikipedia.org)
• In 1841, with Panama in rebellion again, British interests secured a right of way over the isthmus from the insurgent regime and occupied Nicaraguan ports that might have served as the Atlantic terminus of a canal. (wikipedia.org)
• In 1910, the Masonic Advisory Board of the Isthmus of Panama declared that Masonic membership "permeates the entire personnel of this vast enterprise and beneath the sod of the Isthmus, many of our Brothers who have died in the service, are resting. (typepad.com)
• Masonic Advisory Board of the Isthmus of Panama, Master Masons Sojourning on Isthmus of Panama during American Occupation , 1910. (typepad.com)
• Similarly, Congress and the President should take advantage of Panama Canal treaty provisions to negotiate the return of a U.S. military presence at the Isthmus of Panama. (ontheissues.org)

19143

• Walter Weitzman (1892-1989) was one of these soldiers, stationed in the U.S. Panama Canal Zone in 1914, to protect the newly opened Panama Canal which connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. (typepad.com)
• The Panama Canal was constructed by 1914 however, there were no police records of marijuana consumption until 1916 when the police chief was told about the Puerto Rican Regiment smoking a weed which caused unusual symptoms. (greendorphin.com)
• The Panama Canal, completed in 1914 by the United States after over construction by the French, was an important innovation in sea travel in the early 20th century because it created an easy connection for ships traveling between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. (si.edu)

Central America2

• Tropical boutique Airbnb, with private pool and yoga/meditation platform, located 20 minutes outside the hustle of Panama City, Panama - Central America. (airbnb.com)
• While a canal built in Central America would significantly cut down on travel time, it was not always inevitable that this canal was going to be built in Panama. (si.edu)

Zona del Canal1

• The Panama Canal Zone (Spanish: Zona del Canal de Panamá) was an unincorporated territory of the United States from 1903 to 1979, centered on the Panama Canal and surrounded by the Republic of Panama. (policycommons.net)

Interoceanic canal1

• The success of the Erie Canal in the United States and the collapse of the Spanish Empire in Latin America led to a surge of American interest in building an interoceanic canal. (wikipedia.org)

Treaty6

• established with the signing of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, which allowed for the construction of the Panama Canal within the territory by the United States. (wikipedia.org)
• The resulting Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty allowed the United States to intervene militarily to ensure that the interoceanic road (and when it was built, the Panama Railroad as well) would not be disrupted. (wikipedia.org)
• The treaty led the U.S. government to contract for steamship service to Panama from ports on both coasts. (wikipedia.org)
• Panama became independent from Colombia in 1903 and a couple weeks later the United States set up diplomatic relations with the newly formed republic in the form of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty. (greendorphin.com)
• The Treaty provided the US with a 10 miles wide strip across the Central American country to construct a canal to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans for transportation. (greendorphin.com)
• It should be a priority goal of the President and Congress to insist on enforcement of that portion of the 1978 Panama Canal Neutrality Treaty which prohibits control of the entrances to the Panama Canal by any entity not part of the Republic of Panama or the United States of America. (ontheissues.org)

Balboa2

• Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón, a lieutenant of conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa, suggested four possible routes, one of which closely tracks the present-day canal. (wikipedia.org)
• W. Norman Benjamin Davison , The First Fifty Years of the District Grand Lodge of the Canal Zone A. F. & A. M., 1917-1967 , (Balboa, Canal Zone: District Grand Lodge of the Canal Zone, 1967). (typepad.com)

Mosquito control1

• fenthion for Anopheline mosquito control in Panama Canal Zone jungle. (policycommons.net)

19032

• From 1903 to 1979, the territory was controlled by the United States, which had purchased the land from its private and public owners, built the canal and financed its construction. (wikipedia.org)
• Panama had recently split from Colombia and, at the end of 1903, declared itself an independent nation. (si.edu)

20th2

• command of the 20th Infantry Brigade in the Panama Canal Zone . (policycommons.net)
• The Isthmian Canal [20th Ann. (digitalbookindex.com)

Perpetuity2

• In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land underwater for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the canal. (wikipedia.org)
• We propose that the government of the United States restore and protect its sovereign right and exclusive jurisdiction of the Canal Zone in perpetuity and renegotiate the treaties with Panama by which the ownership of the canal was surrendered to Panama. (ontheissues.org)

Railroad6

• citation needed] In 1836 U.S. statesman Charles Biddle reached an agreement with the New Granadan government to replace the old road with an improved one or a railroad, running from Panama City on the Pacific coast to the Chagres River, where a steamship service would allow passengers and freight to continue to Colón. (wikipedia.org)
• When the California Gold Rush began in 1848, traffic through Panama greatly increased, and New Granada agreed to allow the Panama Railroad to be constructed by American interests. (wikipedia.org)
• The Panama Railroad Centennial commemorative (Scott 147) was issued on January 28, 1955, marking one hundred years to the day that the railroad was opened to transcontinental traffic. (si.edu)
• The Panama Railroad was the first across any continent and was also the initial American investment in an overseas project. (si.edu)
• Since the Railway Mail Service (RMS) had been discontinued on the Panama Railroad the previous year, this was a very special event. (si.edu)
• The Panama Railroad Centennial stamp is common on first day covers. (si.edu)

Build a canal3

• His agreement was repudiated by the Jackson administration, which wanted rights to build a canal. (wikipedia.org)
• In the early 1900s, American politicians wanted to build a canal to bridge the distance between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but they were divided on where to build it - in Panama, or in Nicaragua. (si.edu)
• The implication of Buanu-Varilla sending these stamps was clear: did Congress want to build a canal in a place where it could be destroyed by an active volcano? (si.edu)

Construct a canal1

• Many members of Congress originally viewed Nicaragua as a safer choice when planning where to construct a canal. (si.edu)

19061

• This series is a necrology and partial index to the mortuary's registers and contains records of 26,213 U.S. military personnel, employees of the Panama Canal Commission and its predecessors, and Canal Zone civilians processed through the Gorgas Hospital Mortuary between 1906 and 1991. (archives.gov)

19173

• In 1917, the District Grand Lodge of Panama recorded membership at 902 with 141 new initiates and 78 applicants were rejected. (typepad.com)
• Master Mason certificate issued to Walter Weitzman by Sojourners Lodge, 1918, Walter Weitzman Panama Canal Zone Masonic collection, 1917-1925, Museum Purchase, A2023-114-001. (typepad.com)
• Member card issued to Walter Weitzman by Abou Saad Temple, 1919, Walter Weitzman Panama Canal Zone Masonic collection, 1917-1925, Museum Purchase, A2023-114-001. (typepad.com)

Panamanian2

• the canal itself was later under joint U.S.-Panamanian control until it was fully turned over to Panama in 1999. (wikipedia.org)
• While a lot has been written about it and in different tones, the truth is that it defined generations in both sides of the fence, as even Americans born in the Canal Zone area felt a bit Panamanian and created their own tropicalized culture that became known as the "zonian" culture. (arcoproperties.com)

Newly1

• The US was in control of the newly established Canal Zone, while it guaranteed the independence of Panama as well as a US$10 million cheque and a quarter of a million dollars kickback annually starting after 9 years. (greendorphin.com)

Soldiers4

• Freemasonry was a part of the social lives of both the workers constructing the Panama Canal, as well as American soldiers stationed there. (typepad.com)
• By mid-1922, it became obvious that smoking marijuana had become common among soldiers on duty in the Canal Zone. (greendorphin.com)
• During the period from December 1931, to October 1932, for an average of six days in each case, thirty-four soldiers, collected from four posts in the Panama Canal Department, were observed in Gorgas Hospital for the effects of smoking mariajuana. (greendorphin.com)
• These men, all known to be or suspected of being mariajuana smokers, volunteered to enter the hospital, tell all they knew about the use of mariajuana among soldiers in Panama and submit to any tests desired. (greendorphin.com)

Jungle1

• The road came to be crucial to Spain's economy, as treasure obtained along the Pacific coast of South America was offloaded at Panama City and hauled through the jungle to the Atlantic port of Nombre de Dios, close to present-day Colón. (wikipedia.org)

19121

• When the United States took over the Panama Canal, the membership became predominantly American and in 1912, a new Sojourners Lodge was chartered under the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. (typepad.com)

Histoplasmosis1

• In 1905, Samuel Darling described histoplasmosis in a patient working in the Panama Canal Zone. (medscape.com)

City8

• It was located within the territory of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending five miles (8 km) on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón. (wikipedia.org)
• This golf resort hotel is set in extensive grounds between two national parks, 20 minutes from Panama City. (lastfrontiers.com)
• Arrival Panama City All the clients arrived safely and were excited to begin the Panama birding tour! (eagle-eye.com)
• The zone consisted of the canal and an area generally extending five miles (8.0 km) on each side of the centerline, excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of the Zone. (policycommons.net)
• Today, Casco Viejo, which back in the days was basically what was known as Panama City but is now a colonial town that gained its UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 and is being revitalized through private and government investment, is home to the first official "zonian" memorabilia store in Panama. (arcoproperties.com)
• Doggy Lifestyle in Casco Viejo… the Best of Panama City! (arcoproperties.com)
• Hummingbird House Panama is a wheelchair-friendly, serene oasis in Cerro Azul, in the heart of the Chagres National Park, 90 minutes from Panama City and 60 minutes from Tocument Airport. (airbnb.com)
• This unique house and pool is a wonderful place to escape the hustle of Panama City, celebrate nature, and enjoy family and friends. (airbnb.com)

Sanitation1

• A Review of Sanitation in Panama [repr. (digitalbookindex.com)

Colombia2

• Beginning in 1826, US officials began negotiations with Gran Colombia (present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama), hoping to gain a concession for the building of a canal. (wikipedia.org)
• If America decided to pursue a project in Panama, it could jeopardize the U.S.'s diplomatic relationship with Colombia, which would not be pleased with an American business deal in a recently lost territory. (si.edu)

Stamps2

• My interest was in the ABNCo stamps of the Canal Zone and Panama 1909-1921. (canalzonestudygroup.com)
• Others were handled at the Philatelic Agency or mailed at other Canal Zone towns, all of which postmarked the stamps that day. (si.edu)

Occupation1

• There are several national parks on either side of the canal, visited by boat or land -the wildlife here shows very little fear of man since the zone was protected (unintentionally, by US occupation) for nearly a hundred years. (lastfrontiers.com)

Proposals1

• Although additional canal building proposals were made throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, they came to naught. (wikipedia.org)

Locks3

• The Panama Canal Railway passes through the grounds and the Miraflores locks are a 5 minute drive away. (lastfrontiers.com)
• When reservoirs were created to assure a steady supply of water for the locks, those lakes were included within the Zone. (policycommons.net)
• Importantly, it has sufficient depth to be able to handle the super-post-panamax vessels which will be transiting the Panama Canal once the third locks are complete and offers a large development zone for assembly and manufacturing. (who.int)

Stamp3

• In fact, one such Nicaraguan stamp changed both American and world history by playing a role in the completion of the Panama Canal! (si.edu)
• This 5-cent stamp, from the Panama Canal Zone, depicts where-about the canal wound up being built. (si.edu)
• One of the ways Cromwell and Buanu-Varilla planned to convince Congress to move forward with a canal in Panama instead of Nicaragua was by mailing each member of the Senate a Nicaraguan stamp. (si.edu)

Contrast1

• [3] In contrast, Nicaragua was politically stable and construction on the canal would have been easier, due to a lake in the middle of the proposed canal zone. (si.edu)

Officers1

• Army officers in the Canal Zone were surprised and questioned the findings of the report and in June 1928 the Department Commander ordered another study into marijuana. (greendorphin.com)

Engineer3

• McGregor's father, Gene, was a Merchant Marine engineer who lived in the Panama Canal Zone with his wife and five sons in the mid-'60s making a living operating a tugboat that pulled ships through the canal. (yahoo.com)
• In 1902, a French engineer by the name of Philippe Buanu-Varilla decided to lobby Congress to continue their construction of the Panama Canal, instead of starting a new one in Nicaragua. (si.edu)
• Buanu-Varilla had, in fact, not only been an engineer on the French Panama Canal project for the past twenty years, but had also been an investor in the original project. (si.edu)

Convention1

• In 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. (wikipedia.org)

Politically1

• The new nation was politically unstable, and Panama rebelled several times during the 19th century. (wikipedia.org)

Species1

• The first sporadic report of the isolation of this species from the ear canal of a patient in Asia was in 2009 and reports from other regions of the world soon followed. (cdc.gov)

Early2

• The late 18th and early 19th centuries saw a number of canals built. (wikipedia.org)
• The Scottish Rite Masonic Museum & Library recently acquired a group of Masonic membership cards and certificates that help tell the story of American Freemasonry in the Panama Canal Zone during the era of American imperialism in the early twentieth century. (typepad.com)

Vessels1

• Saavedra believed that such a canal would make it easier for European vessels to reach Asia. (wikipedia.org)

Years4

• Major Gus Bochy, was stationed at Ft. Kobbe in Panama for three years in the mid-1960s and coached Bochy's Little League team. (yahoo.com)
• For many years, the Panama Canal has been the defining icon of Panama. (arcoproperties.com)
• One reason for this was because the French had been working on just such a canal in Panama for the previous twenty years, to little success. (si.edu)
• The debate of where to build this canal tied Congress up for years. (si.edu)

Army2

• Weitzman, a Polish Jew who immigrated to the U.S. in 1909 or 1910, joined the U.S. Army at age twenty-two-several months before the start of World War I. He served in the Coastal Artillery Corps at Fort Randolph in the Panama Canal Zone until 1920. (typepad.com)
• U.S. Army Garrison Panama. (archives.gov)

Congress1

• Interested in preserving his work and stake in the project, he worked with an American named William Nelson Cromwell to lobby Congress to carry on with the Panama Canal. (si.edu)

Safer1

• Instead of trying to take notes or photocopies of articles of interest to me at that time I thought it safer to photocopy every page mentioning the Canal Zone or Panama. (canalzonestudygroup.com)

Collection1

• This collection of photographs was taken by RUDY F MAJEWSKY while stationed in the 1930'S and 30'S at France Field in Panama. (officeofimagearchaeology.com)

Area1

• In 1948, the United States Navy discovered a rich Precolumbian cemetery with a bulldozer in the target shooting area of Fort Kobbe, a former military installation within the Canal Zone of Panama. (metmuseum.org)

Photo2

• Their mother took the photo, stashed it in an album and didn't retrieve it until 2011 after Bob heard Bochy during a town hall assembly for San Francisco Giants season ticket holders say he played Little League in the Panama Canal Zone. (yahoo.com)
• That created the opportunity for The Times' Bill Shaikin to catch Bochy at Chase Field in Phoenix, show him the photo and ask him about playing Little League in the Panama Canal Zone. (yahoo.com)

Links1

• The canal crosses the Continental Divide and links the Pacific and the Caribbean. (lastfrontiers.com)

Control1

• joint control with the United States over the Panama Canal Zone in 1980. (policycommons.net)

Military2

• As part of the terms negotiated, Panama gave the United States a large piece of land that would serve to place the military basis and mega infrastructure needed to keep such an incredible venture. (arcoproperties.com)
• Under no circumstances should we have unilaterally surrendered our military base rights in Panama. (ontheissues.org)

Page1

• A page of observations from Charles Dwight Marsh's field notebook used during a trip to the Canal Zone, Panama, as a member of the Smithsonian Institution's sponsored Biological Survey of the Panama Canal Zone. (si.edu)

Life1

• Masons in Panama saw Freemasonry as an integral part of life in the Panama Canal Zone. (typepad.com)

Member1

• He continued to be a member of Sojourners Lodge and a part of the Panama Canal Consistory No. 1 until 1925. (typepad.com)

Preliminary1

• Although King Charles I was enthusiastic and ordered preliminary works started, his officials in Panama soon realized that such an undertaking was beyond the capabilities of 16th-century technology. (wikipedia.org)