P blood group system. Medical search

A blood group related to the ABO, Lewis and I systems. At least five different erythrocyte antigens are possible, some very rare, others almost universal. Multiple alleles are involved in this blood group.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Erythrocyte isoantigens of the Rh (Rhesus) blood group system, the most complex of all human blood groups. The major antigen Rh or D is the most common cause of erythroblastosis fetalis.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

A system of universal human blood group isoantigens with many associated subgroups. The M and N traits are codominant and the S and s traits are probably very closely linked alleles, including the U antigen. This system is most frequently used in paternity studies.

Multiple erythrocytic antigens that comprise at least three pairs of alternates and amorphs, determined by one complex gene or possibly several genes at closely linked loci. The system is important in transfusion reactions. Its expression involves the X-chromosome.

Testing erythrocytes to determine presence or absence of blood-group antigens, testing of serum to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to these antigens, and selecting biocompatible blood by crossmatching samples from the donor against samples from the recipient. Crossmatching is performed prior to transfusion.

A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.

The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

A condition characterized by the abnormal presence of ERYTHROBLASTS in the circulation of the FETUS or NEWBORNS. It is a disorder due to BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY, such as the maternal alloimmunization by fetal antigen RH FACTORS leading to HEMOLYSIS of ERYTHROCYTES, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), general edema (HYDROPS FETALIS), and SEVERE JAUNDICE IN NEWBORN.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Abnormalities in the glycosphingolipid content of human Pk and p erythrocytes. (1/41)

Erythrocytes of the rare Pk phenotype lack the blood group P antigen, and p erythrocytes lack both P and Pk antigens. On the basis of immunological data we suggested previously that the P and Pk antigens are the glycosphingolipids globoside and trihexosyl ceramide, respectively, and we have now confirmed these designations by chemical analysis of erythrocytes lacking these antigens. The Pk erythrocytes contain only traces of globoside and have a marked excess of trihexosyl ceramide in comparison with normal erythrocytes. The p erythrocytes lack globoside and trihexosyl ceramide and contain an excess of lactosyl ceramide and other complex glycolipids. Our analyses of normal erythrocytes also revealed complex gangliosides with the approximate chromatographic mobilities of GD1b and GT1, and several gangliosides containing N-acetylglucosamine. (+info)

Cloning and expression of the histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose: Ga1beta-4G1cbeta1-cer alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase. Molecular genetic basis of the p phenotype. (2/41)

The molecular genetic basis of the P histo-blood group system has eluded characterization despite extensive studies of the biosynthesis of the P(1), P, and P(k) glycolipids. The main controversy has been whether a single or two distinct UDP-Gal:Galbeta1-R 4-alpha-galactosyltransferases catalyze the syntheses of the structurally related P(1) and P(k) antigens. The P(1) polymorphism is linked to 22q11.3-ter. Data base searches with the coding region of an alpha4GlcNAc-transferase identified a novel homologous gene at 22q13.2 designated alpha4Gal-T1. Expression of full coding constructs of alpha4Gal-T1 in insect cells revealed it encoded P(k) but not P(1) synthase activity. Northern analysis showed expression of the transcript correlating with P(k) synthase activity and antigen expression in human B cell lines. Transfection of P(k)-negative Namalwa cells with alpha4Gal-T1 resulted in strong P(k) expression. A single homozygous missense mutation, M183K, was found in six Swedish individuals of the rare p phenotype, confirming that alpha4Gal-T1 represented the P(k) gene. Sequence analysis of the coding region of alpha4Gal-T1 in P(1)+/- individuals did not reveal polymorphisms correlating with P(1)P(2) typing. (+info)

Molecular basis for the p phenotype. Identification of distinct and multiple mutations in the alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase gene in Swedish and Japanese individuals. (3/41)

p phenotype individuals lack both P(k) (Gb3) and P (Gb4) glycolipid antigens of the P blood group system. To explore the molecular basis for this phenotype, DNA sequences of Gb3 synthase (alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase; alpha1,4Gal-T) in six p phenotype individuals from Japan and Sweden were analyzed. A missense mutation P251L and a nonsense mutation W261stop in three and one Japanese indivuiduals, respectively, and missense mutations M183K and G187D in one each of two Swedish p individuals were found, indicating that p individuals from Japan and Sweden have distinct and multiple homozygous point mutations in the coding region. In the function analysis of the mutated alpha1,4Gal-Ts by the transfection of the expression vectors, P251L and M183K mutations showed complete loss of enzyme function, and W261stop and G187D mutations resulted in the marginal activity. BLAST analysis of homologous sequences of alpha1, 4Gal-T revealed that three residues, Met(183), Gly(187), and Pro(251), at which missense mutations were found, were highly conserved among all species examined, suggesting their importance for the function of alpha1,4Gal-T. (+info)

Blood group and susceptibility to disease caused by Escherichia coli O157. (4/41)

Patients (n=186) infected during the Escherichia coli O157 outbreak in Scotland in 1996 were assessed for blood group markers (ABO, Lewis, and P) associated with other gastrointestinal infections. Binding of bacteria to epithelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Buffy coats from blood donors were examined for inflammatory responses to culture filtrates of the outbreak strain. Individuals of blood group O comprised 63.4% of patients, compared with 53.4% (P <.05) and 53.9% (P <.01) of neighboring populations in Airdrie and Glasgow, respectively; group O also comprised 64.3% of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 87.5% of patients who died (P <.05). No or weak agglutination by anti-P antiserum was observed for 40.7% of control persons (n=122), 61.5% of all patients (P =.0027), and 83.3% of patients with HUS (P =.013). The susceptibility of group O to E. coli was not associated with increased binding of bacteria to epithelial cells or with higher production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or interleukin-6. Leukocytes of P-negative blood donors produced higher levels of TNF-alpha than those of P-positive donors. (+info)

Molecular basis of the globoside-deficient P(k) blood group phenotype. Identification of four inactivating mutations in the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene. (5/41)

The biochemistry and molecular genetics underlying the related carbohydrate blood group antigens P, P(k), and LKE in the GLOB collection and P1 in the P blood group system are complex and not fully understood. Individuals with the rare but clinically important erythrocyte phenotypes P(1)(k) and P(2)(k) lack the capability to synthesize P antigen identified as globoside, the cellular receptor for Parvo-B19 virus and some P-fimbriated Escherichia coli. As in the ABO system, naturally occurring antibodies, anti-P of the IgM and IgG class with hemolytic and cytotoxic capacity, are formed. To define the molecular basis of the P(k) phenotype we analyzed the full coding region of a candidate gene reported in 1998 as a member of the 3-beta-galactosyltransferase family but later shown to possess UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase or globoside synthase activity. Homozygosity for different nonsense mutations (C(202) --> T and 538insA) resulting in premature stop codons was found in blood samples from two individuals of the P(2)(k) phenotype. Two individuals with P(1)(k) and P(2)(k) phenotypes were homozygous for missense mutations causing amino acid substitutions (E266A or G271R) in a highly conserved region of the enzymatically active carboxyl-terminal domain in the transferase. We conclude that crucial mutations in the globoside synthase gene cause the P(k) phenotype. (+info)

Idiopathic non-syphilitic paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria in children. (6/41)

Three examples of non-syphilitic paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH) in children are described which occurred, within a period of 16 days, in association with a febrile illness. No definite viral aetiology or obvious epidemiological association could be established. A Donath-Landsteiner antibody of anti-P specificity was demonstrated in all three patients. The serological aspects of PCH are critically discussed. (+info)

P system antigenic determiners expression in Ascaris lumbricoides. (7/41)

The P System antigens have been detected in numerous parasites, bacteria and viruses, nevertheless the clinical significance is still unknown. The aim was to study the presence of P1 antigenic determiners in A. lumbricoides extracts by means of the use of 6 different monoclonal antibodies of well-known concentrations and Ig class. We worked with 14 A. lumbricoides extracts. Inhibition Agglutination Test was made in a bromelin enzymatic medium and 4 degrees C temperature. Titre, Score and Sensitivity Parameter were determined for each monoclonal antibody against red cells suspension used as revealing system. Ten extracts inhibited the agglutination of all anti P1 monoclonal antibodies. The 4 remaining extracts only inhibited the agglutination of some of them. It is demonstrated that the extracts have P1 activity. This activity is independent of titre, Score, Sensitivity Parameter, concentration and Ig class and it depends on the epitope at which the monoclonal antibody is directed. (+info)

Alpha5beta1 integrin as a cellular coreceptor for human parvovirus B19: requirement of functional activation of beta1 integrin for viral entry. (8/41)

Replication of the pathogenic human parvovirus B19 is restricted to erythroid progenitor cells. Although blood group P antigen has been reported to be the cell surface receptor for parvovirus B19, a number of nonerythroid cells, which express P antigen, are not permissive for parvovirus B19 infection. We have documented that P antigen is necessary for parvovirus B19 binding but not sufficient for virus entry into cells. To test whether parvovirus B19 utilizes a cell surface coreceptor for entry, we used human erythroleukemia cells (K562), which allow parvovirus B19 binding but not entry. We report here that upon treatment with phorbol esters, K562 cells become adherent and permissive for parvovirus B19 entry, which is mediated by alpha 5 beta 1 integrins, but only in their high-affinity conformation. Mature human red blood cells (RBCs), which express high levels of P antigen, but not alpha 5 beta 1 integrins, bind parvovirus B19 but do not allow viral entry. In contrast, primary human erythroid progenitor cells express high levels of both P antigen and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and allow beta1 integrin-mediated entry of parvovirus B19. Thus, in a natural course of infection, RBCs are likely exploited for a highly efficient systemic dissemination of parvovirus B19. (+info)

The P blood group system is one of the rarest blood group systems in humans, with only a few antigens discovered so far. The main antigens in this system are P1 and P, which can be either present or absent on red blood cells (RBCs). The presence or absence of these antigens determines an individual's P blood group type.

The P1 antigen is a carbohydrate structure found on the surface of RBCs in individuals with the P1 phenotype, while those with the p phenotype lack this antigen. The P antigen is a protein found on the surface of RBCs in both P1 and p individuals.

Individuals with the P1 phenotype can develop antibodies against the P antigen if they are exposed to RBCs that lack the P1 antigen, such as those from a person with the p phenotype. Similarly, individuals with the p phenotype can develop antibodies against the P1 antigen if they are exposed to RBCs that have the P1 antigen.

Transfusion reactions can occur if an individual receives blood from a donor with a different P blood group type, leading to the destruction of RBCs and potentially life-threatening complications. Therefore, it is essential to determine an individual's P blood group type before transfusing blood or performing other medical procedures that involve RBCs.

Overall, the P blood group system is a complex and relatively rare system that requires careful consideration in medical settings to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Blood group antigens are molecular markers found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) and sometimes other types of cells in the body. These antigens are proteins, carbohydrates, or glycoproteins that can stimulate an immune response when foreign antigens are introduced into the body.

There are several different blood group systems, but the most well-known is the ABO system, which includes A, B, AB, and O blood groups. The antigens in this system are called ABO antigens. Individuals with type A blood have A antigens on their RBCs, those with type B blood have B antigens, those with type AB blood have both A and B antigens, and those with type O blood have neither A nor B antigens.

Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which includes the D antigen. Individuals who have this antigen are considered Rh-positive, while those who do not have it are considered Rh-negative.

Blood group antigens can cause complications during blood transfusions and pregnancy if there is a mismatch between the donor's or fetus's antigens and the recipient's antibodies. For example, if a person with type A blood receives type B blood, their anti-B antibodies will attack the foreign B antigens on the donated RBCs, causing a potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction. Similarly, if an Rh-negative woman becomes pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus, her immune system may produce anti-D antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack the fetal RBCs, leading to hemolytic disease of the newborn.

It is important for medical professionals to determine a patient's blood group before performing a transfusion or pregnancy-related procedures to avoid these complications.

The Rh-Hr blood group system is a complex system of antigens found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), which is separate from the more well-known ABO blood group system. The term "Rh" refers to the Rhesus monkey, as these antigens were first discovered in rhesus macaques.

The Rh system consists of several antigens, but the most important ones are the D antigen (also known as the Rh factor) and the hr/Hr antigens. The D antigen is the one that determines whether a person's blood is Rh-positive or Rh-negative. If the D antigen is present, the blood is Rh-positive; if it is absent, the blood is Rh-negative.

The hr/Hr antigens are less well known but can still cause problems in blood transfusions and pregnancy. The Hr antigen is relatively rare, found in only about 1% of the population, while the hr antigen is more common.

When a person with Rh-negative blood is exposed to Rh-positive blood (for example, through a transfusion or during pregnancy), their immune system may produce antibodies against the D antigen. This can cause problems if they later receive a transfusion with Rh-positive blood or if they become pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus.

The Rh-Hr blood group system is important in blood transfusions and obstetrics, as it can help ensure that patients receive compatible blood and prevent complications during pregnancy.

The ABO blood-group system is a classification system used in blood transfusion medicine to determine the compatibility of donated blood with a recipient's blood. It is based on the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs), as well as the corresponding antibodies present in the plasma.

There are four main blood types in the ABO system:

1. Type A: These individuals have A antigens on their RBCs and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
2. Type B: They have B antigens on their RBCs and anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
3. Type AB: They have both A and B antigens on their RBCs but no natural antibodies against either A or B antigens.
4. Type O: They do not have any A or B antigens on their RBCs, but they have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their plasma.

Transfusing blood from a donor with incompatible ABO antigens can lead to an immune response, causing the destruction of donated RBCs and potentially life-threatening complications such as acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. Therefore, it is crucial to match the ABO blood type between donors and recipients before performing a blood transfusion.

The MNSs blood group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is a classification of blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). This system is named after the first two letters of the surnames of the discoverers, Landsteiner and Levine, and the "s" stands for "slight."

The MNSs system includes three main antigens: M, N, and S. The M and N antigens are found on nearly all individuals, except for those who are genetically predisposed to lack both M and N antigens (M+N- or M-N-). These individuals have the "null" phenotype, also known as the "Ms" phenotype.

The S antigen is present in about 80% of people, while the s antigen is found in approximately 20% of people. The presence or absence of these antigens determines an individual's MNSs blood type. There are eight main MNSs blood types: M, N, MN, MS, NS, M+m, N+s, and M+N+S+s+.

The clinical significance of the MNSs system is relatively low compared to other blood group systems like ABO and Rh. However, it can still play a role in transfusion medicine, as antibodies against MNSs antigens may cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in rare cases. Therefore, it is essential to consider the MNSs blood group when performing pretransfusion testing and during pregnancy to ensure compatible blood products and prevent complications.

The Kell blood-group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is a set of red blood cell antigens (proteins or carbohydrates) found on the surface of red blood cells. The Kell system consists of more than 30 antigens, but the two most important ones are K and k.

The Kell antigen is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that if an individual inherits one Kell antigen from either parent, they will express the Kell antigen on their red blood cells. The k antigen is a weaker form of the Kell antigen and is also inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Individuals who are Kell positive (K+) can produce antibodies against the Kell antigen if they are exposed to it through blood transfusion or pregnancy. These antibodies can cause hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies with a Kell-negative (K-) fetus.

Therefore, it is important to determine the Kell status of both donors and recipients in blood transfusions and pregnant women to prevent complications.

Blood grouping, also known as blood typing, is the process of determining a person's ABO and Rh (Rhesus) blood type. The ABO blood group system includes four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O, based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The Rh blood group system is another important classification system that determines whether the Rh factor (a protein also found on the surface of red blood cells) is present or absent.

Knowing a person's blood type is crucial in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood. If a patient receives an incompatible blood type, it can trigger an immune response leading to serious complications such as hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), kidney failure, or even death.

Crossmatching is a laboratory test performed before a blood transfusion to determine the compatibility between the donor's and recipient's blood. It involves mixing a small sample of the donor's red blood cells with the recipient's serum (the liquid portion of the blood containing antibodies) and observing for any agglutination (clumping) or hemolysis. If there is no reaction, the blood is considered compatible, and the transfusion can proceed.

In summary, blood grouping and crossmatching are essential tests in transfusion medicine to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood and prevent adverse reactions that could harm the patient's health.

The Lewis blood-group system is one of the human blood group systems, which is based on the presence or absence of two antigens: Lea and Leb. These antigens are carbohydrate structures that can be found on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) as well as other cells and in various body fluids.

The Lewis system is unique because its antigens are not normally present at birth, but instead develop during early childhood or later in life due to the action of certain enzymes in the digestive tract. The production of Lea and Leb antigens depends on the activity of two genes, FUT3 (also known as Lewis gene) and FUT2 (also known as Secretor gene).

There are four main phenotypes or blood types in the Lewis system:

1. Le(a+b-): This is the most common phenotype, where individuals have both Lea and Leb antigens on their RBCs.
2. Le(a-b+): In this phenotype, individuals lack the Lea antigen but have the Leb antigen on their RBCs.
3. Le(a-b-): This is a rare phenotype where neither Lea nor Leb antigens are present on the RBCs.
4. Le(a+b+): In this phenotype, individuals have both Lea and Leb antigens on their RBCs due to the simultaneous expression of FUT3 and FUT2 genes.

The Lewis blood-group system is not typically associated with transfusion reactions or hemolytic diseases, unlike other blood group systems such as ABO and Rh. However, the presence or absence of Lewis antigens can still have implications for certain medical conditions and tests, including:

* Infectious diseases: Some bacteria and viruses can use the Lewis antigens as receptors to attach to and infect host cells. For example, Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, binds to Lea antigens in the stomach.
* Autoimmune disorders: In some cases, autoantibodies against Lewis antigens have been found in patients with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
* Pregnancy: The Lewis antigens can be expressed on the surface of placental cells, and changes in their expression have been linked to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.
* Blood typing: Although not a primary factor in blood transfusion compatibility, the Lewis blood-group system is still considered when determining the best match for patients who require frequent transfusions or organ transplants.

Glycophorin is a type of protein found on the surface of red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. These proteins are heavily glycosylated, meaning they have many carbohydrate chains attached to them. Glycophorins play a crucial role in maintaining the structure and flexibility of the red blood cell membrane, and they also help to mediate interactions between the red blood cells and other cells or molecules in the body.

There are several different types of glycophorin proteins, including glycophorin A, B, C, and D. Glycophorin A is the most abundant type and is often used as a marker for identifying the ABO blood group. Mutations in the genes that encode glycophorin proteins can lead to various blood disorders, such as hereditary spherocytosis and hemolytic anemia.

The Duffy blood group system is a system of identifying blood types based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The antigens in this system are proteins called Duffy antigens, which are receptors for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax.

There are two major Duffy antigens, Fya and Fyb, and individuals can be either positive or negative for each of these antigens. This means that there are four main Duffy blood types: Fy(a+b-), Fy(a-b+), Fy(a+b+), and Fy(a-b-).

The Duffy blood group system is important in blood transfusions to prevent a potentially dangerous immune response known as a transfusion reaction. If a person receives blood that contains antigens that their body recognizes as foreign, their immune system may attack the transfused red blood cells, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and in severe cases, kidney failure or even death.

Additionally, the Duffy blood group system has been found to be associated with susceptibility to certain diseases. For example, individuals who are negative for both Fya and Fyb antigens (Fy(a-b-)) are resistant to infection by Plasmodium vivax, one of the malarial parasites that causes malaria in humans. This is because the Duffy antigens serve as receptors for the parasite to enter and infect red blood cells.

Erythroblastosis, fetal is a medical condition that occurs in the fetus or newborn when there is an incompatibility between the fetal and maternal blood types, specifically related to the Rh factor or ABO blood group system. This incompatibility leads to the destruction of the fetal red blood cells by the mother's immune system, resulting in the release of bilirubin, which can cause jaundice, anemia, and other complications.

In cases where the mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive, the mother may develop antibodies against the Rh factor during pregnancy or after delivery, leading to hemolysis (breakdown) of the fetal red blood cells in subsequent pregnancies if preventive measures are not taken. This is known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Similarly, incompatibility between the ABO blood groups can also lead to HDN, although it is generally less severe than Rh incompatibility. In this case, the mother's immune system produces antibodies against the fetal red blood cells, leading to their destruction and subsequent complications.

Fetal erythroblastosis is a serious condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Treatment options include intrauterine transfusions, phototherapy, and exchange transfusions in severe cases. Preventive measures such as Rh immune globulin (RhIG) injections can help prevent the development of antibodies in Rh-negative mothers, reducing the risk of HDN in subsequent pregnancies.

Isoantibodies are antibodies produced by the immune system that recognize and react to antigens (markers) found on the cells or tissues of another individual of the same species. These antigens are typically proteins or carbohydrates present on the surface of red blood cells, but they can also be found on other cell types.

Isoantibodies are formed when an individual is exposed to foreign antigens, usually through blood transfusions, pregnancy, or tissue transplantation. The exposure triggers the immune system to produce specific antibodies against these antigens, which can cause a harmful immune response if the individual receives another transfusion or transplant from the same donor in the future.

There are two main types of isoantibodies:

1. Agglutinins: These are IgM antibodies that cause red blood cells to clump together (agglutinate) when mixed with the corresponding antigen. They develop rapidly after exposure and can cause immediate transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn in pregnant women.
2. Hemolysins: These are IgG antibodies that destroy red blood cells by causing their membranes to become more permeable, leading to lysis (bursting) of the cells and release of hemoglobin into the plasma. They take longer to develop but can cause delayed transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn in pregnant women.

Isoantibodies are detected through blood tests, such as the crossmatch test, which determines compatibility between a donor's and recipient's blood before transfusions or transplants.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

The Lan blood group system (short for Langereis) is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the Lan antigen ... ISBN 978-1-118-49354-0. Storry JR (2014). "Five new blood group systems - what next?". ISBT Science Series. 9 (1): 136-140. doi ... Arnaud L (2012). "Identification of two new blood group systems, Langereis (LAN) and Junior (JR)". ISBT Science Series. 7 (1): ... Peyrard T (2019). "The LAN blood group system:a review" (PDF). Immunohematology. 29 (4): 131-5. doi:10.21307/immunohematology- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan_blood_group_system

The Junior blood group system (or JR) is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the Jr(a) antigen, a high- ... In 2012, two research groups independently identified ABCG2 as the basis of the Junior blood group system. The Junior system ... Daniels G (2013). "Chapter 27: The Junior and Langereis blood group systems". Human Blood Groups (3rd ed.). West Sussex, UK: ... The Junior blood group system was discovered in 1970 by researchers Stroup and MacIllroy, who reported on five patients whose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_blood_group_system

The Augustine blood group system is a human blood group system. It includes four red blood cell surface glycoprotein antigens ... the International Society of Blood Transfusion established the Augustine blood system as the 36th human blood group system. ... The blood group system was named Augustine after the surname of the individual with the first identified anti-Ata antibody, a ... Daniels, Geoffrey (2020). "An update on the Augustine blood group system" (PDF). Immunohematology. 35 (1): 1-2. doi:10.21307/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_blood_group_system

The Indian blood group system (In) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigens that ... Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N (March 1996). "A blood group-related polymorphism of CD44 ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Blood antigen systems, Transfusion medicine, All ... Most individuals express the Inb antigen that results from an arginine residue at position 46 of CD44 . The Ina blood type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_blood_group_system

The Er blood group system consists of five human red blood cell surface antigens, Era, Erb, Er3, Er4 and Er5. The incidences of ... Er was recognized as a blood group collection by the International Society of Blood Transfusion in 1990 and promoted to a blood ... Blood. 141 (2): 135-146. doi:10.1182/blood.2022016504. PMID 36122374. The Blood Group Antigen FactsBook, Elsevier, 2012, doi: ... "Blood group terminology 2004: from the International Society of Blood Transfusion committee on terminology for red cell surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er_blood_group_system

The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. After the ABO ... The Rh blood group system consisted of 49 defined blood group antigens in 2005. As of 2023, there are over 50 antigens among ... Avent ND, Reid ME (January 2000). "The Rh blood group system: a review". Blood. 95 (2): 375-387. doi:10.1182/blood.V95.2.375. ... Avent ND, Reid ME (January 2000). "The Rh blood group system: a review". Blood. 95 (2): 375-87. doi:10.1182/blood.V95.2.375. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rh_blood_group_system

Based on this he classified human blood into three groups, namely group A, group B, and group C. He defined that group A blood ... Inheritance patterns of blood groups. Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Retrieved 30 October 2013. "ABO blood group system". ... ABO at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH Encyclopædia Britannica, ABO blood group system National ... Similarly, group B blood agglutinates with group A. Group C blood is different in that it agglutinates with both A and B. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO_blood_group_system

P1PK (formerly: P) is a human blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 003) based upon the A4GALT ... The P1PK blood group system consists of three glycosphingolipid antigens: Pk, P1 and NOR. In addition to glycosphingolipids, ... The GLOB antigen (formerly P) is now the member of the separate GLOB blood group system. The P1PK antigens are carbohydrate ... Hellberg, Åsa Hellberg (2020). "P1PK: a blood group system with an identity crisis". ISBT Science Series. 15: 40-45. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P1PK_blood_group_system

The Sid blood group system is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the Sd(a) antigen (also known as Sid ... blood to people with anti-Sd(a) antibodies.: 224 Sid was officially designated a blood group in 2019 after its genetic basis ... Renton PH, Howell P, Ikin EW, Giles CM, Goldsmith DK (1967). "Anti-Sda, a New Blood Group Antibody". Vox Sanguinis. 13 (6): 493 ... Macvie SI, Morton JA, Pickles MM (1967). "The Reactions and Inheritance of a New Blood Group Antigen, Sda". Vox Sanguinis. 13 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_blood_group_system

... including matching of the ABO blood group system and the Rh blood group system, as well as screening for recipient antibodies ... The term human blood group systems is defined by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) as systems in the human ... ISBT Table of blood group antigens within systems, updated August 2008. BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at ... Other human blood group systems than ABO and Rh have a relatively small risk of complications when blood is mixed. Therefore, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_blood_group_systems

Refinement of the genetics of the MNS antigen system. Xg antigen system. This was the first X-linked blood group to be ... A sex-linked blood group. Lancet. 1962;i:8. Ellis NA, Tippett P, Petty A, et al. (November 1994). "PBDX is the XG blood group ... The MRC Blood Group Unit, originally the Blood Group Research Unit, was a research unit of the British Medical Research Council ... Blood groups were used to study many aspects of human genetics: including those related to blood transfusion, linkage analysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRC_Blood_Group_Unit

The Ii antigen system is a human blood group system based upon a gene on chromosome 6 and consisting of the I antigen and the i ... A similar blood group system with a developmental change resembling the Ii system (with human neonatal cells expressing i ... Reid ME, Lomas-Francis C, Olsson ML (2012). "Ii Blood Group Collection". The Blood Group Antigen Facts Book. pp. 651-653. doi: ... "OMIM Entry - # 110800 - BLOOD GROUP, I SYSTEM; Ii". www.omim.org. Retrieved 2021-01-31. Pourazar A (January 2007). "Red cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ii_antigen_system

... proved to be counterparts of the human MNS and Rh blood group systems, respectively. Two blood group systems have been defined ... H/h blood groups in non-humans at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH MNS blood groups in non-humans ... at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH Rh blood groups in non-humans at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen ... both linked by at least one species shared by either of the blood group systems. Over 13 canine blood groups have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type_(non-human)

BLOOD GROUP, VEL SYSTEM; VEL". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved 2019-08-14. Storry JR (2014). "Five new blood ... The Vel blood group is a human blood group that has been implicated in hemolytic transfusion reactions. The blood group ... ISBN 978-0-7817-6507-7. Daniels G, Bromilow I (2011). "Other blood groups". Essential Guide to Blood Groups (2nd ed.). John ... Sussman LN (1962). "Current status of the Vel blood group system". Transfusion. 2 (3): 163-71. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.1962. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vel_blood_group

The protein also carries the Lan antigen, which defines the Lan blood group system. ATP-binding cassette transporter GRCh38: ... Bocchini CA (2015). "#111600 - BLOOD GROUP, LANGEREIS SYSTEM; LAN". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved 16 May 2020 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB6

"Do you Know Bombay Blood Group". Janeway, Charles A. (2001). Immunobiology the immune system health & disease (5. ed.). New ... apparently present in all people except those with the Bombay Blood phenotype (see hh blood group) Histocompatibility antigen, ... H antigen is a precursor to each of the ABO blood group antigens, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_antigen

BLOOD GROUP--LUTHERAN SYSTEM; LU". omim.org. Retrieved 30 November 2021. Auberger's blood group at Who Named It? v t e ( ... Auberger's blood group is a type of human blood group in which the Aua antigen is expressed. It is found in 82% of caucasians. ... It may be related to the Lutheran antigen system.[citation needed] The blood group was named after patient Auberger, who was a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auberger's_blood_group

The XG antigen is a red blood cell surface antigen discovered in 1962. by researchers at the MRC Blood Group Unit. The PBDX ... "The Xg blood group system: a review". Transfus Med Rev. 12 (4): 233-57. doi:10.1016/S0887-7963(98)80001-1. PMID 9798268. Mann, ... R A sex-linked blood group. Lancet. 1962;279:8. Ellis NA, Tippett P, Petty A, et al. (November 1994). "PBDX is the XG blood ... LINDSTEN J, FRACCARO M, POLANI PE, HAMERTON JL, SANGER R, RACE RR (February 1963). "Evidence that the Xg blood group genes are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xg_antigen_system

Tippett P (Mar 1967). "Genetics of the Dombrock blood group system". Journal of Medical Genetics. 4 (1): 7-11. doi:10.1136/jmg. ... Dombrock blood group antigen NCBI Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database This article incorporates text from the United ... Antigens of the Dombrock blood group system are located on the gene product, which is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to ... "The Dombrock blood group system: a review". Transfusion. 43 (1): 107-14. doi:10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00283.x. PMID 12519438. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ART4

The protein also carries the Jr(a) antigen, which defines the Junior blood group system. It is inhibited by some calcium ... Kniffin CL (2013). "OMIM entry # 614490 - BLOOD GROUP, JUNIOR SYSTEM; JR". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Retrieved 1 ... and at the blood-testis barrier, the blood-brain barrier, and the membranes of hematopoietic progenitor and other stem cells. ... The NBD and the transmembrane domain (TMD) are the most conserved region of the transporter in various animal groups, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2

He developed the Moss System of blood groups in 1910 which was used to ensure safe blood transfusions before more detailed ... Watkins, W. M. (2001). "The ABO blood group system: historical background". Transfusion Medicine. 11 (4): 243-265. doi:10.1046/ ... Moss used Roman numbers for his groups and identified compatibility of the groups to avoid agglutination during blood transfers ... Landsteiner had identified three blood groups in 1901 and added a fourth in 1902 (AB). Jan Jansky also developed a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lorenzo_Moss

Expressed on red blood cell surfaces, these variants make up the Augustine blood group system. This gene is a member of the ... Alleles of this gene make up the Augustine blood group system. Some of the four known variants are highly immunogenic and ... Daniels G (2020). "An update on the Augustine blood group system". Immunohematology. 35 (1): 1-2. doi:10.21307/immunohematology ... Solute carrier family Equilibrative nucleoside transporters Nucleoside transporters Augustine blood group system GRCh38: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equilibrative_nucleoside_transporter_1

... also underpins the ABO blood group system. It is the presence or absence of glycosyltransferases which dictates ... 80% of these affect the nervous system.[citation needed] Acquired alterations: In this second group the main disorders are ... In this second group we can also find disorders caused by mutations on the enzymes that control the glycosylation of Notch ... In this group the illnesses that stand out are Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. All these diseases are difficult to diagnose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation

Fisher, R. A. (1951). "Standard Calculations for Evaluating a Blood-Group System". Heredity. 5 (1): 95-102. doi:10.1038/hdy. ... Fisher, Ronald (1953). "The Variation in Strength of the Human Blood Group P". Heredity. 7: 81-89. doi:10.1038/hdy.1953.7. ... Fisher, R. A.; Snell, G. D. (1948). "A Twelfth Linkage Group of the House Mouse". Heredity. 2 (Pt 2): 271-273. doi:10.1038/hdy. ... Fisher, R. A. (1955). "Answer to Query 114 on the effect of errors of grouping in an analysis of variance". Biometrics. 11 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Fisher_bibliography

Cromer blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH Overview of all the structural ... It is a determinant for the Cromer blood group system. DAF is a 70 kDa membrane protein that attaches to the cell membrane via ... 2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood. 106 (12): 3699-709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04- ... red blood cells with very low levels of DAF and CD59 undergo complement-mediated hemolysis. Symptoms include low red blood cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor

... in the Kell blood-group system". Vox Sang. 6 (5): 555-60. doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1961.tb03203.x. PMID 13860532. S2CID 30275809 ... The McLeod phenotype is a recessive mutation of the Kell blood group system. The McLeod gene encodes the XK protein, which is ... whose red blood cells were observed to have weak expression of Kell system antigens during blood donation, and found to be ... Marsh WL, Oyen R, Nichols ME, Allen FH (February 1975). "Chronic granulomatous disease and the Kell blood groups". Br. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLeod_syndrome

ABO blood group system Alloimmunity Antibodies Branch, Donald R. (2015). "Anti-A and anti-B: what are they and where do they ... on the RBCs of other blood groups. In a person with A blood group, the plasma will contain isoantibodies against B antigens, so ... Isoantibodies are seen in people with different blood groups. The anti-A or anti-B isoantibodies or both (also called ... immediately after transfusion of blood from B group the anti-B isohemagglutinins agglutinate the foreign red blood cells. Anti- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoantibodies

The Lewis antigen system is a human blood group system. It is based upon two genes on chromosome 19: FUT3, or Lewis gene; and ... The link between the Lewis blood group and secretion of the ABO blood group antigens was possibly the first example of multiple ... Lewis at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH (CS1 errors: generic name, Articles with short ... These oligosaccharide chains are similar to the type II chains of the ABO blood system, with a single bond in a different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_antigen_system

Two covalently linked proteins, Kell and XK, constitute the Kell blood group system. Kell, a 93-Kd type II glycoprotein, is ... The KX Blood-group Antigen (KXA) Family (TC# 2.A.112) consists of transport proteins that are part of the TOG superfamily. The ... The KX Blood-group Antigen (KXA) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution- ... Most carriers of this McLeod blood group phenotype have acanthocytosis and elevated serum creatine kinase levels and are prone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KX_blood-group_antigen_family

31-4. AGAH working group Pharmacokinetics, 2004. "Obtaining Trough Blood Levels" (PDF). University of Virginia Health System. ... The usual criterion is concentration in the blood serum, although in some instances local concentration within tissues is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_level

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan_blood_group_system

... guidance and support for readers interested in applying the principles of The Blood Type Diet as outlined by The New York Times ... guidance and support for readers interested in applying the principles of The Blood Type Diet as outlined by The New York Times ... The Blood Type Diet *Overview *The Blood Type Diets *Home Blood Typing Test *Whats Your Type? *Blood Type A ... History of Natural Selection in Man, The ABO(H) Blood Group System. ...

https://dadamo.com/dadamowiki/wiki.pl?action=history

... today announced it has made a significant investment in MAK-SYSTEM (MAK), a family-owned company providing software for blood ... Global investment firm The Carlyle Group (NASDAQ: CG) ... About The Carlyle Group. The Carlyle Group (NASDAQ: CG) is a ... The Carlyle Group Makes Significant Investment alongside Kiskovski Family in MAK-SYSTEM, a Global Blood Management Solutions ... Global investment firm The Carlyle Group (NASDAQ: CG) today announced it has made a significant investment in MAK-SYSTEM (MAK ...

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System. Published by DC; Milestone Media; from Blood Syndicate #21 (Dec. 1994): Retrievals ... Blood Syndicate. Blood Syndicate #21 (Dec. 1994): "Retrievals". Blood Syndicate #22 (Jan. 1995): "Some Dissembly Required". ... Blood Syndicate #24 (Mar. 1995): "Things Fall Apart". Blood Syndicate #26 (May 1995): "Prodigals". Blood Syndicate #27 (June ... Mom sends Agent Rose to retrieve Blood Syndicate. Kwai goes into a healing cocoon. Masquerade steals the money from the ...

http://www.comicbookreligion.com/?c=28388&Agent_Rose

Dissertation: Correlation Between Phenotype and Genotype in Some Clinically Important Blood group Systems. ... Many blood group genes have been cloned and the polymorphisms of clinically significant blood group systems have been ... Finally, the phenotype/genotype correlation for clinically significant blood group systems in Jordanian blood donors was ... Abstract: In the past decade, the molecular basis for most of the blood group systems has been investigated intensively. ...

https://www.dissertations.se/dissertation/aaee64455c/

Copper transport mediated by nanocarrier systems in a blood-brain barrier in vitro model. S. Fehse, S. Nowag, M. Quadir, K. S. ... Copper transport mediated by nanocarrier systems in a blood-brain barrier in vitro model ... Copper transport mediated by nanocarrier systems in a blood-brain barrier in vitro model ...

https://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/en/chemie/chemie/forschung/OrgChem/haag/publications/haag2014019/index.html

Kidd blood group system: …three known antigens, designated Jka, Jkb, and Jk3, all of which are encoded by a gene known as ... Kidd blood group system. * In Kidd blood group system. …three known antigens, designated Jka, Jkb, and Jk3, all of which are ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/Jkb

RACIAL & ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION of ABO BLOOD TYPES. ...

https://abobloodtypes.webnode.page/sitemap/

IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY GENETIC CONCEPT OF LEWIS OTHER MAJOR AND MINOR BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS AND BLOOD GROUP COLLECTIONS • • OUTLINE • ... MNSs U Blood Group System o P Blood Group System o I Blood Group System o Kell Blood Group System o Duffy Blood Group System o ... Kidd Blood Group System o Lutheran Blood Group System o Minor Blood Group o Summary of Major and Minor Blood Group System • ... P BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM (P:003) & GLOBOSIDE (028) BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS • P group antigens are synthesized by sequential action of ...

https://keepnotes.com/college/medical-laboratory-science/18249-immunohematology-05-other-blood-group-systems

Cross-species summary: Each blood group system consists of a set of blood types, each of which corresponds to a particular ... Blood groups and evolutionary relationships among domestic sheep (Ovis aries), domestic goat (Capra hircus), aoudad (Ammotragus ... Sheep Blood Polymorphism and Genetic Divergence Between French Rambouillet and Spanish Merino - Role of Genetic Drift Animal ... Red blood cell potassium and haemoglobin polymorphism in sheep: a review Animal Breeding Abstracts 40:407-436, 1972. ...

https://omia.org/OMIA000133/9940/

Blood group systems : Rh, based on papers presented at the Blood Group Systems, Rh Technical Workshop, held in Nov. 1987 at ... American Association of Blood Banks, 1987. Description: 103 pISBN: 0915355418Subject(s): Rh-Hr blood-group systemNLM ... Contributor(s): Vengelen-Tyler, Virginia , Pierce, Steven R , American Association of Blood Banks , Blood Group Systems : Rh ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=au:%22Pierce%2C%20Steven%20R.%22

Blood groups, RH factor, blood donation Abstract. There are many systems which are used to classify blood group types in man, ... the most common types are MN, ABO and Rh blood group systems. Among the above mentioned types, ABO blood group system is most ... This type of system is also due to proteins present on red blood cells. Rh blood group system includes 49 defined antigens with ... Persons which have blood group B have antigen B in their red blood cells. AB blood group has both the antigens A and B at the ...

https://markhorjournal.com/index.php/mjz/article/view/34

MaxConnect blood cooler temperature monitoring system by MaxQ is built exclusively for blood banks. ... MaxConnect Blood Cooler Temperature Monitoring System: Built Exclusively for Blood Banks. MaxConnect Blood Cooler Temperature ... MaxConnect Blood Cooler Temperature Monitoring System: Built Exclusively for Blood Banks. Temperature Monitoring, Inventory ... The MaxConnect system consists of a wireless blood cooler temperature sensor and the MaxConnect mobile and web apps that help ...

https://www.medalliancegroup.com/maxconnect-blood-cooler-temperature-monitoring-system-built-exclusively-for-blood-banks/

Description OneTouch Verio IQ Blood Glucose Monitoring System, Automatically Spots Patterns, No Coding Needed. Kit Includes: ...

https://onesourcemg.com/products/ea-1-onetouch-verio-iq-blood-glucose-monitoring-system-manufacturer-022267im-ls-022267_400

Rhesus blood group antigen CE. Rhesus system C and E polypeptides. blood group Rh(CE) polypeptide 144G RHCE. blood group Rh(CE ... RHCE*CeCw blood group antigen. Rh blood group C antigen. Rh blood group CE antigen. Rh blood group CcEe antigen. Rh blood group ... Rh blood group D antigen. Rh blood group antigen Evans. Rh blood group protein. Rh polypeptide I. RhCE blood group antigen. ... RhCE blood group antigens. RhD antigen. Rhesus blood group CE protein. Rhesus blood group CcEe antigen. Rhesus blood group E ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6006

Blood Groups ABO and Rh System is one of the most critical blood groups systems for blood transfusion and tissue ... Blood Groups ABO and Rh System. Sample for Blood Groups ABO and Rh System. *This can be done on whole blood or even on clotted ... Blood banking:- part 1- Blood Groups ABO and Rh System, Blood Grouping Procedures. July 20, 2023Blood bankingLab Tests ... Indications for Blood Groups ABO and Rh System. *ABO blood grouping and Rh typing are done before donating the blood. ...

https://labpedia.net/blood-banking-part-1-blood-groups-abo-and-rh-system-blood-grouping-procedures/

Caprine Blood Groups .2. The C-Systems, G-Systems, H-Systems, I-Systems, J-Systems, K-Systems, L-Systems, N-Systems, and Q- ... Cross-species summary: Each blood group system consists of a set of blood types, each of which corresponds to a particular ... antigen (usually a glycoprotein) on the surface of red blood cells. The different types within a system are the result of the ... Systems Biochemical Genetics 31:19-28, 1993. Pubmed reference: 8471021 . Edit History. * Created by Frank Nicholas on 06 Sep ...

https://omia.org/OMIA000132/9925/

Blood type A is associated with an increased risk of ARDS in white patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. These results ... ABO Blood-Group System Grants and funding * P01-HL079063/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ... ABO blood type A is associated with increased risk of ARDS in whites following both major trauma and severe sepsis Chest. 2014 ... Conclusions: Blood type A is associated with an increased risk of ARDS in white patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24385226/?dopt=Abstract

Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance. In: Vox ... Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance. Vox ... Dive into the research topics of Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system ... Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance. / Alattar ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/evidence-that-cd36-is-expressed-on-red-blood-cells-and-constitute

liver and biliary system. musculoskeletal system. nervous system. olfactory system. reproductive system ... and impaired renal function with increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and vacuolization of renal tubular ...

https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1100870

... is used to prevent the extravasation of blood into the subarachnoid space between the pial and arachnoid membranes, which has a ... Group 2 - Diffuse deposition of subarachnoid blood, no clots, and no layers of blood greater than 1 mm ... Group 3 - Localized clots and/or vertical layers of blood 1 mm or greater in thickness ... Group 4 - Diffuse or no subarachnoid blood, but intracerebral or intraventricular clots are present ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/247090-overview

... based on the identification of Forssman glycolipid antigen on human red blood cells.A newly described ... A new histo-blood group system was discovered, ... A new histo-blood group system was discovered, based on the ... Fs was recognized as a blood-group antigen by ISBT in the newly formed 31st blood-group system given the name FORS. ... Forssman expression on human erythrocytes: biochemical and genetic evidence of a new histo-blood group system Lola Svensson, ...

https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/121/8/1459/138834/Forssman-expression-on-human-erythrocytes

Globulins are a group of proteins in the blood that play an important role in liver function and fighting infection. Learn more ... Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. They are made in your liver by your immune system. Globulins play an important ... Globulin tests are blood tests. During a blood test, a health care professional will take a blood sample from a vein in your ... Total protein test. This blood test measures the total amount of protein in your blood. The two main types of blood proteins ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/globulin-test/

... but tiny cell markers mean one persons body can reject another persons blood. Find out how blood types work in this article ... Blood might look the same and do the same job, ... The two main blood groups are ABO and Rh.. The ABO blood system ... Depending on which blood type you have, your immune system will make antibodies to react against other blood types. ... What Are the Blood Types?. Categorizing blood according to type helps prevent reactions when someone gets a blood transfusion. ...

https://kidshealth.org/AkronChildrensXML/en/teens/blood-types.html

Transition to non-DEHP blood bag systems: a regulatory and scientific overview Thomas Klei, Linda Larsson, Denese Marks ... Characterization of the genomic landscape of blood group antigens and alleles in the Indian population utilizing whole genome ... Challenges encountered by blood transfusion services in Europe to supply adequate blood components in 2023 Veronique Deneys, ... Patients with the Asian-type Del can safely be transfused with RhD-positive blood Nysa McGowan, Gloria Wu, Yanli Ji ...

https://www.isbtweb.org/resources/resource-library-search.html

Murine norovirus: a model system to study norovirus biology and pathogenesis. J Virol. 2006;80:5104-12. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... Huang P, Farkas T, Zhong W, Tan M, Thornton S, Morrow AL, Norovirus and histo-blood group antigens: demonstration of a wide ... Shirato H, Ogawa S, Ito H, Sato T, Kameyama A, Narimatsu H, Noroviruses distinguish between type 1 and type 2 histo-blood group ... Norwalk virus infection and disease is associated with ABO histo-blood group type. J Infect Dis. 2002;185:1335-7. DOIPubMed ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/3/12-1029_article

The driver is led by a satelite navigation system. St Peters is the heart of the Catholic Church and the seat of Pope Francis ... Pro-ISIS group vows Christmas blood inciting Vatican terror attack. Joseph Hartropp 17 November 2017 , 9:18 AM. ... The radical Islamist group has significantly diminished in military terms, having recently been driven out from former ... The poster is headlined Christmas blood followed by the words so wait..., over a drivers-seat image of a car heading ...

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The X-linked Blood Group System Xg: Work in Progress Subject Area: Hematology , Oncology ... View articletitled, The X-linked Blood Group System Xg,span class=subtitle-colon,: ,/span,,span class=subtitle,Work in ... The Mechanism of the Hemostatic Function of Blood Platelets Subject Area: Hematology , Oncology ... View articletitled, The Mechanism of the Hemostatic Function of Blood Platelets ...

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Cardiovascular-system-disorders; Smoking; Body-weight; Physical-fitness; Diet; Blood-pressure; Age-groups; Construction-workers ... Humans; Men; Women; Workers; Work-environment; Mortality-data; Morbidity-rates; Cardiovascular-function; Cardiovascular-system ... blood pressure, and levels of total cholesterol and fasting glucose) used to categorise individuals as having poor, ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=job+stress&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=53&RecNo=527&View=f&

Altered blood group expression. Uncommon. Early. .... Immune system. Hypogammaglobulinemia. Uncommon. Delayed. Transient ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/968523-treatment

These blood groups are made on the basis of presence or absence of special proteins found on erythrocytes (red blood cells) which are known as antigens. (markhorjournal.com)
AB blood group has both the antigens A and B at the same time while blood group O is due to complete absence of any antigen. (markhorjournal.com)
An antibody has capability to agglutinate the antigens found on red blood cells. (markhorjournal.com)
Rh blood group system includes 49 defined antigens with 5 most common antigens including c, C, D and E [6]. (markhorjournal.com)
Prevalence of principal Rh blood group antigens in blood donors at the blood bank of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India. (markhorjournal.com)
In Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. (markhorjournal.com)
The Rh blood group includes this gene which encodes both the RhC and RhE antigens on a single polypeptide and a second gene which encodes the RhD protein. (nih.gov)
Variant genotypes associated with reduced expression of RhCE antigens among Brazilian blood donors. (nih.gov)
Tests for the ABH secretion may help establish the true ABO group of an individual whose red blood cell antigens are poorly developed. (labpedia.net)
Blood grouping is done based on the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs. (labpedia.net)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Polymorphic molecules expressed on the surface of certain blood cells are traditionally categorized as blood groups and human platelet or neutrophil antigens. (lu.se)
These markers (also called antigens ) are proteins and sugars that our bodies use to identify the blood cells as belonging in us. (kidshealth.org)
Immunocytochemical analysis of the 3-D cultures also showed no detectable presence of histo-blood group antigens that participate in NV binding and host tropism. (cdc.gov)
FUT2 encodes an enzyme that produces histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) on the surface of epithelial cells and in mucosal secretions ( 21 , 22 ). (cdc.gov)
The ABO blood group antigens appear to have been important throughout our evolution because the frequencies of different ABO blood types vary among different populations, suggesting that a particular blood type conferred a selection advantage. (scialert.net)
The ABO blood group antigens are encoded by one genetic locus, the ABO locus, which has three alternative (allelic) forms- A, B and O. It is well known that the heredity of blood groups behaves according to the Mendelian rules. (scialert.net)
Red blood cells (RBCs) carry numerous protein and carbohydrate antigens on their surface. (medscape.com)
There are over 600 antigens, which are separated into 30 blood group systems. (medscape.com)
The presence or absence of these antigens in an individual is important, because they determine the type of blood that should be given in case a blood transfusion is necessary. (medscape.com)
If a person is exposed to blood with different antigens than his or her own, he or she may form antibodies that can result in extravascular and/or intravascular hemolysis when the recipient is reintroduced to the same antigens in a future transfusion. (medscape.com)
The antibody screening test performed in a clinical laboratory and/or blood bank is designed to detect the presence of unexpected antibodies, especially alloantibodies in the serum to antigens of the non-ABO blood group system: Duffy, Kell, Kidd, MNS, P, and certain Rh types that are considered clinically significant. (medscape.com)
Beck L, Blood groups and red cell antigens. (loinc.org)
Blood groups are determined by the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. (osmosis.org)
The most important blood group system is the ABO system, which is determined by the presence or absence of two antigens: A and B. People with blood group A have antibodies against the antigen B, people with blood group B have antibodies against the antigen A. People with blood group AB have no antibodies to either antigen, and people with blood group O have both types of antibodies. (osmosis.org)

220 : 489 The patient was found to produce an antibody that reacted with all but 1 out of 4,000 blood donors tested. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, the phenotype/genotype correlation for clinically significant blood group systems in Jordanian blood donors was studied for the first time to investigate the reliability of current genotyping methods in populations of Arabian descent. (dissertations.se)
People who have blood group AB can receive blood from any other type so they are called universal donors. (markhorjournal.com)
Similarly people with blood group O can donate blood to all types thus are called as universal donors. (markhorjournal.com)
During the experimental culture of CD34+ cells from random blood donors, we observed that one individual lacked CD36. (lu.se)
however, we detected CD36 expression on RBCs and reticulocytes from 20 blood donors. (lu.se)
250 blood donors and A pae family relatives without the A pae phenotype. (ashpublications.org)
So there's always a need for blood donors. (kidshealth.org)
About 15% of blood donors are high school and college students. (kidshealth.org)
Voluntary non-remunerated blood donors comprise on average 50% of regional donors, ranging between 2% and 100% in some countries. (who.int)
Due to the inadequate supply of blood from voluntary unpaid donors, most countries depend on the families of patients for replacing the blood units required for transfusion. (who.int)
Ministries of Health, particularly in countries with high rates of maternal mortality, take concrete steps towards ensuring that health facilities in their countries improve access to safe blood and blood products from volunteer donors for women giving birth. (who.int)
WHO and partners throughout the world highlight how safe blood from voluntary donors can save women's lives everywhere. (who.int)
The remaining 32,902 members of the Linxian population paid blood donors in rural east central China (8-10). (cdc.gov)

Lan was officially designated a blood group by the International Society of Blood Transfusion in 2012, following the discovery of the molecular basis of the Lan-negative phenotype. (wikipedia.org)
We sought to investigate this observation further and determine if CD36 fulfils the International Society of Blood Transfusion criteria for becoming a blood group. (lu.se)

The Lan blood group system (short for Langereis) is a human blood group defined by the presence or absence of the Lan antigen on a person's red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
The antigen was first described in 1961, and Lan was officially designated a blood group in 2012. (wikipedia.org)
220 The Lan antigen is more strongly expressed on cord blood cells than on adult red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is thought that other porphyrin transporters, such as ABCG2 (which carries the Junior blood group antigen), may compensate. (wikipedia.org)
Each blood group system consists of a set of blood types, each of which corresponds to a particular antigen (usually a glycoprotein) on the surface of red blood cells. (omia.org)
Antigen production is under control of two genes I A and I B . People whose blood group is A have antigen A in their red blood cells. (markhorjournal.com)
Persons which have blood group B have antigen B in their red blood cells. (markhorjournal.com)
The name Rh is given due to use of blood of Rhesus monkeys to determine the presence of Rh antigen in basic test. (markhorjournal.com)
Rh antigen can lead to deleterious effects in a person having blood group Rh negative if both the factors come in contact due to blood transfusion [7]. (markhorjournal.com)
So the basic principle of blood donation is that there should be no antibody to match the RBCs' surface antigen. (labpedia.net)
ABO glycosyltransferases catalyze antigen modifications on various glycans and glycoproteins and determine the ABO blood types. (nih.gov)
A new histo-blood group system was discovered, based on the identification of Forssman glycolipid antigen on human red blood cells. (ashpublications.org)
In analogy with histo-blood group A antigen, Forssman (Fs) antigen terminates with α3- N -acetylgalactosamine and can be used by pathogens as a host receptor in many mammals. (ashpublications.org)

Individuals with the rare Lan-negative blood type, which is a recessive trait, can produce an anti-Lan antibody when exposed to Lan-positive blood. (wikipedia.org)
When Lan-negative individuals are exposed to Lan-positive blood through transfusion or pregnancy, they may develop an anti-Lan antibody. (wikipedia.org)
It has been associated with severe transfusion reactions and mild cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn, but in some cases individuals with the antibody have not experienced any adverse effects from exposure to Lan-positive blood. (wikipedia.org)
It is recommended that individuals with anti-Lan are transfused with Lan-negative blood, especially if the antibody titer is high. (wikipedia.org)
Laboratory sessions focus on skills in blood grouping, compatibility testing, and antibody investigations for autoimmune haemolytic anaemias, antenatal and postnatal screening, and transfusion reactions. (edu.au)
Antibody screening is routinely used in conjunction with typing and crossmatch before the administration of blood products, especially RBCs, to avoid transfusion reactions and to prevent notably decreased survival of transfused RBCs. (medscape.com)

In emergency condition, when blood transfusion is required, the blood groups of donor and recipients are cross matched because there can be compatibility issues which can lead to deleterious consequences as red blood cells are attacked. (markhorjournal.com)
Blood grouping is done for the donor and the recipient (Crossmatch). (labpedia.net)
To get a blood transfusion safely, a person's immune system must recognize the donor cells as a match to his or her own cells. (kidshealth.org)
Now, most blood transfusions are homologous transfusions , where the blood comes from an anonymous donor. (osmosis.org)
Now, before whole blood or packed red blood cells can be transfused , it's important to know the blood typing of both the donor and the recipient of the blood. (osmosis.org)
This year's World Blood Donor Day highlights the fact that safe blood saves the lives of mothers. (who.int)
On the occasion of World Blood Donor Day, WHO recommends a number of key actions for countries, partners and other stakeholders. (who.int)

Anti-Lan antibodies may cause transfusion reactions on subsequent exposures to Lan-positive blood, and have also been implicated in mild cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn. (wikipedia.org)
Blood group ABO system antibodies are stimulated by the bacteria and the other substances in our surroundings. (labpedia.net)
antibodies in the reverse grouping may be undetectable. (labpedia.net)
The immune system makes proteins called antibodies that act as protectors if foreign cells enter the body. (kidshealth.org)
Depending on which blood type you have, your immune system will make antibodies to react against other blood types. (kidshealth.org)
If a patient gets the wrong blood type, the antibodies immediately set out to destroy the invading cells. (kidshealth.org)
Because your blood contains the A marker, it makes B antibodies. (kidshealth.org)
Your body will have both A and B antibodies and will therefore feel the need to defend itself against A, B, and AB blood. (kidshealth.org)

This type of system is also due to proteins present on red blood cells. (markhorjournal.com)
Blood type A has been associated with increased risk of vascular diseases and differential circulating levels of proteins related to inflammation and endothelial function. (nih.gov)
Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
The two main types of blood proteins are globulins and albumin . (medlineplus.gov)
A serum protein electrophoresis test measures the levels of the different types of globulins and other proteins in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
Both systems are based on the presence or absence of glycoproteins, which are proteins attached to a sugar molecule, found on the surface of red blood cells. (osmosis.org)
This test nonspecifically measures blood globulins, which are a group of proteins produced either by the liver, or the immune system. (cdc.gov)
Globulins are a diverse group of proteins that transport various substances in the blood. (cdc.gov)

Many blood group genes have been cloned and the polymorphisms of clinically significant blood group systems have been elucidated. (dissertations.se)
Offspring blood type is established by specific genes inherited from his parents. (scialert.net)
However, transmission of blood group AB in a family as if by a single chromosome or allele, instead of by two separate chromosomes or genes were reported and this led to the discovery of a very rare blood group called cis-AB. (scialert.net)
Lymphoma usually is caused by a change in the genes of growing blood cells. (akronchildrens.org)

In conclusion, our knowledge of the alleles responsible for different blood group phenotypes has been increased, which has resulted in improved clinical genotyping methods. (dissertations.se)

The genomic organisation of the JK blood group locus was characterised and the molecular basis of the Jk(a-b-) phenotype associated with the absence of the urea transporter JK glycoprotein in erythrocytes was elucidated in different ethnic groups. (dissertations.se)
o As a result, cord blood and RBCs from newborn infants phenotype as Le(a -b-). o Some can be shown to be weakly Le(a+) when tested with a potent anti-Lea or with methods more sensitive than direct agglutination. (keepnotes.com)

Blood clot made of red blood cells, platelets and fibrin protein strands Blood clot made of red blood cells, platelets and fibrin protein strands. (istockphoto.com)
Blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets in plasma) circulate inside the vein. (istockphoto.com)
Overall, three distinct layers form: the erythrocytes or red blood cells at the bottom, the buffy coat--which contains platelets and immune cells in the middle, and plasma at the top. (osmosis.org)
For example, a person with anemia could just receive packed red blood cells , a person with clotting factor deficiency could get fresh frozen plasma which contains the coagulation factors , or someone with platelet deficiency might receive platelets . (osmosis.org)

The Rh blood group system is the second most clinically significant of the blood groups, second only to ABO. (nih.gov)

They are made in your liver by your immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
The levels of specific globulins provide information about how well your immune system is working. (medlineplus.gov)
So, this test can be used to diagnose disorders of the immune system , a type of cancer called multiple myeloma , and a variety of other conditions. (medlineplus.gov)
The immune system is the body's protection against invaders. (kidshealth.org)
If B markers (found in type B or type AB blood) enter your body, your type A immune system gets fired up against them. (kidshealth.org)
Lymphoma (lim-FOE-muh) is a type of cancer that develops in the white blood cells of the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system. (akronchildrens.org)
You always have this balance of killing cells on one hand and the problem of affecting the immune system on the other," explains Sager. (europa.eu)

These properties are determined by the substances found on the surface of the red blood cells. (scialert.net)
There are approximately 200 blood group substances identified and categorized into 19 distinct systems. (scialert.net)
These systems work together to remove bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances from the body. (akronchildrens.org)

We consider linear and nonlinear stochastic models for transmission of blood types and Rhesus factor from parents to their offspring and investigate long run behavior of these models. (scialert.net)
A person with type O negative blood can donate red cells to any other blood type regardless of the rhesus, while a person with type O positive blood can donate red cells to any other ABO rhesus positive recipient. (osmosis.org)
Those which have AB positive can receive blood from any other ABO regardless of the rhesus, whereas those with AB negative can receive blood from any other ABO with rhesus negative. (osmosis.org)

The frequency of the Lan-negative blood type is estimated at 1 in 50,000 in Japanese populations, 1 in 20,000 in Caucasians, and 1 in 1,500 in black people from South Africa. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular genetic variation found in various phenotypes and in different ethnic populations, to identify new alleles, to try to understand how they contribute to the different phenotypes and to improve current DNA-based blood grouping methods for use in transfusion medicine. (dissertations.se)

Austrian immunologist, Karl Landsteiner was the first person to give and describe the system in 1900 [1]. (markhorjournal.com)
This system was given by again Karl Landsteiner and A. S. Weiner in 1940. (markhorjournal.com)
Karl Landsteiner opened the door of blood banking. (labpedia.net)
The human ABO blood group was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1900 ( Landsteiner, 1900 ) and its mode of inheritance through multiple alleles at a single generic locus was established by Felix Bernstein a quarter century later ( Bernstein, 1925 ). (scialert.net)

A child receives one of the three alleles from each parent, giving rise to six possible genotypes and four possible blood types (phenotypes) ( Table 2 ). (scialert.net)

Blood grouping is done in the expected mother and newborn to rule out Rh-incompatibility. (labpedia.net)
It is logical to perform only forward grouping in newborn babies. (labpedia.net)
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of DFM and weaning systems on performance, mortality, and health of newborn lambs. (degruyter.com)

The Lan-negative blood type is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, being expressed by individuals who are homozygous for nonfunctional alleles of ABCB6. (wikipedia.org)
The different types within a system are the result of the action of different alleles at a locus that usually encodes an enzyme that catalyses the creation of the feature of the glycoprotein unique to that type, e.g. the presence of a particular sugar at the end of a short chain of sugars. (omia.org)
It is well known that the gene which determines blood group in humans has three different alleles, A, B, C and that there are four groups of blood, A, B, AB and O. The aim is to investigate the transmission of blood groups from parents to their offspring. (scialert.net)
There are three alleles or versions of the blood type gene: A, B and C. Since, humans are diploid organisms (meaning we carry a double set of chromosomes-one from each parent), blood types are determined by two alleles ( Table 1 ). (scialert.net)
The ABO groups are inherited through multiple alleles at one locus, as seen by Bernstein nearly 80 yeas ago ( Bernstein, 1925 ). (scialert.net)

220 A 2018 study found that Lan-negative blood cells exhibited resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
From these critical studies, putative NV receptors were identified, and thus it was hypothesized that a successful in vitro cell culture system would most likely possess these receptors to support NV replication. (cdc.gov)

Established in 1984, MAK is a leading provider of healthcare software solutions for the management of blood, plasma, tissue and cells products. (carlyle.com)
Genetic and flow cytometric analyses on peripheral blood cells were performed. (lu.se)
Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele show hypoactivity, a reduced B cell number, epidermoid cyst formation in male abdominal skin, and impaired renal function with increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels and vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells in aging mice. (jax.org)
Red blood cells have markers on their surface that characterize the cell type. (kidshealth.org)
If you have both A and B markers on the surface of your cells (type AB blood), your body does not need to fight the presence of either. (kidshealth.org)
But if you have type O blood, your red blood cells have no A or B markers. (kidshealth.org)
Neuroacanthocytosis is a group of genetically diverse conditions complicated by movement disorders , neurological problems and spiculated (misshapen) red blood cells. (wikidoc.org)
The disorders all have in common the presence of spiculated red blood cells, also known as spur cells, which are formally called acanthocytes . (wikidoc.org)
Acanthocytes are spiculated red blood cells and can be caused by altered distribution of membrane lipids or membrane protein/skeleton abnormalities. (wikidoc.org)

Dean L. The Kell blood group. (markhorjournal.com)

Founded in 1984 by Simon Kiskovski, MAK is a leading provider of state-of-the-art software solutions supporting the entire blood chain management process, from donation through to transfusion. (carlyle.com)
To keep the blood supply safe, every donation is tested for blood type and checked for infectious diseases. (kidshealth.org)
One blood donation can save up to three lives. (kidshealth.org)
Most of these countries collect less than half of the blood needed, with an average donation rate of 10 donations per 1000 population. (who.int)

The theory for the inheritance of the ABO blood groups was first time described by Bernstein in 1924. (labpedia.net)
Now concerning the inheritance of the ABO groups, the precise mechanism may change, although the triple allele theory of Bernstein is adequate for all practical purposes. (scialert.net)

Blood transfusions are a lifesaving treatment for many Americans. (kidshealth.org)
Blood transfusions are one of the most frequent lifesaving procedures hospitals do. (kidshealth.org)

This blood test measures the total amount of protein in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
This blood test measures the level of each type of protein in your blood, including the different types of globulins. (medlineplus.gov)
Measurements include psychological and physiological measures [eg, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, C-reactive protein)] obtained at three time intervals. (cdc.gov)

Sheep Blood Polymorphism and Genetic Divergence Between French Rambouillet and Spanish Merino - Role of Genetic Drift Animal Genetics 23:325-332, 1992. (omia.org)

0.05) higher body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) than lambs in the C group. (degruyter.com)

The animals in the sham group underwent surgical procedures except partial IR. (hindawi.com)

Every person has a unique blood group based on two classification systems: the ABO system and the Rh system. (osmosis.org)

Globulins play an important role in liver function, blood clotting, and fighting infection. (medlineplus.gov)

German scientist Karl Lan dsteiner first described blood groups having inherited differences in 1900. (labpedia.net)

Women were grouped according to smoking status, confirmed by maternal serum cotinine measurements, and analyte levels between groups were compared. (who.int)

The lack of an efficient cell culture system in which to study NoV infections has hindered development of antiviral drugs to control or limit NoV outbreaks ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Browse 113,200+ blood vessel stock photos and images available, or search for circulatory system or veins to find more great stock photos and pictures. (istockphoto.com)
It's called the circulatory system and the roads are called arteries and veins. (kidshealth.org)

There are many systems which are used to classify blood group types in man, the most common types are MN, ABO and Rh blood group systems. (markhorjournal.com)
Among the above mentioned types, ABO blood group system is most common which is used to classify blood group types. (markhorjournal.com)
This system explains four types of blood groups which include A, B, AB and O [2]. (markhorjournal.com)
It has been reported that ABO blood group types are also present in Order primates of class mammalia and also in Old World Monkeys [3]. (markhorjournal.com)
The second most common system to classify blood group types is Rh system [5]. (markhorjournal.com)
The objective of this study was to determine the association of ABO blood types with ARDS risk in patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. (nih.gov)
What Are the Blood Types? (kidshealth.org)
O positive blood is one of the two most common blood types (the other being A positive). (kidshealth.org)
Along with O positive, it's one of the two most common blood types. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has all three types of markers - A, B, and Rh factor. (kidshealth.org)
Why Are Blood Types Important? (kidshealth.org)

Cardiovascular health (CVH) is based on seven modifiable characteristics (i.e. cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, diet, blood pressure, and levels of total cholesterol and fasting glucose) used to categorise individuals as having poor, intermediate and ideal CVH. (cdc.gov)
Just last week, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) published an article looking at cardiovascular health status by occupational group among 21 states using the American Heart Association's seven cardiovascular health metrics often referred to as Life's Simple Seven. (cdc.gov)

The main aim of the blood transfusion laboratory is to promote safe blood transfusion. (kennys.ie)
The avoidance of errors, from sample receipt and laboratory testing through to the release of blood for transfusion, is of paramount importance. (kennys.ie)
Knowledge of immunohaematology theory and its application to blood transfusion together with the principles of good laboratory practice are essential. (kennys.ie)
Essential Guide to Blood Groups will be valuable for undergraduate medical laboratory scientists and for postgraduate scientists and medical practitioners training to specialise in transfusion and transplantation. (kennys.ie)

The Complete Blood Type Encyclopedia is the essential desk reference for Dr. D'Adamo's work. (dadamo.com)
This is the first book to draw on the thousands of medical studies proving the connection between blood type and disease. (dadamo.com)
Blood type A is associated with an increased risk of ARDS in white patients with major trauma and severe sepsis. (nih.gov)
But not everyone has the same blood type. (kidshealth.org)
Categorizing blood according to type helps prevent reactions when someone gets a blood transfusion. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has a marker known as A. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has both A and B markers. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has neither A nor B markers. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type doesn't have A or B markers, and it doesn't have Rh factor. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has A marker only. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has A marker and Rh factor, but not B marker. (kidshealth.org)
This blood type has A and B markers, but not Rh factor. (kidshealth.org)
Let's say you have type A blood. (kidshealth.org)
So as a person with type B blood, you could get a transfusion from someone with B or O blood, but not A or AB. (kidshealth.org)
Thus, the genotypes AO and AA express blood type A, BO and BB express blood type B, AB expresses blood type AB and OO expresses blood type O. (scialert.net)
these two combine to establish his blood type. (scialert.net)
Cohort Study--A type of epidemiological study of a specific group or groups of people who have had a common insult (e.g., exposure to an agent suspected of causing disease or a common disease) and are followed forward from exposure to outcome. (cdc.gov)
Cross-sectional Study--A type of epidemiological study of a group or groups which examines the relationship between exposure and outcome to a chemical or to chemicals at one point in time. (cdc.gov)
5 years are reported by the prevalence of BLLs 5-9 µ g/dL by age group and sample type during 2009-2014 ( Tables 4 and 5 ). (cdc.gov)

Dedicated to meeting the needs of its clinical customers and manufacturing partners, MED Alliance offers cost-effective, customized sales, logistics, and distribution solutions for products found in anesthesia/respiratory, blood/transfusion therapy, EMS/emergency room, interventional radiology/cath lab, iv/vascular and NICU/PICU. (medalliancegroup.com)
Together with pH determination, bicarbonate measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous potentially serious disorders associated with acid-base imbalance in the respiratory and metabolic systems. (cdc.gov)

Having any of these markers (or none of them) doesn't make a person's blood any healthier or stronger. (kidshealth.org)

Typically, patients with acute blood cancer undergo several rounds of induction therapy, followed by up to four rounds of consolidation therapy. (europa.eu)
In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, low- and middle-income countries suffer from an acute shortage of safe blood. (who.int)

The investment will provide MAK with additional capital to support the company's global growth strategy and to continue innovating and delivering standards of excellence for the blood service, plasma collector and hospital markets. (carlyle.com)

blood toluene concentration post-shift 0.19-7.99 mumol/l) and compared with a reference group. (lu.se)

Radar and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been combined in a system that detects changes in glucose levels without the need for painful finger pricks. (techbriefs.com)
Next steps include refining the system to precisely quantify glucose levels and obtain results through the skin, which complicates the process. (techbriefs.com)

Arteries, which usually look red, carry blood away from the heart. (kidshealth.org)
Blood moves through many tubes called arteries and veins, which together are called blood vessels. (kidshealth.org)
The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries. (kidshealth.org)

Globulin tests are blood tests. (medlineplus.gov)
There is no special preparation necessary for a globulin blood test. (medlineplus.gov)

It is also the most polymorphic of the blood groups, with variations due to deletions, gene conversions, and missense mutations. (nih.gov)

MaxConnect Blood Cooler Temperature Monitoring System: Built Exclusively. (medalliancegroup.com)

WHO's goal is for all countries to obtain all their blood supplies from 100% voluntary unpaid blood donations by 2020. (who.int)

If bacteria travel through the blood and get stuck on a heart valve, this can cause this infection in the heart. (kidshealth.org)

A complete blood count (CBC) reveals mild to moderate normocytic anemia with an elevated reticulocyte count. (medscape.com)

Studies in acanthocytosis workup include a complete blood count (CBC) and a peripheral blood smear. (medscape.com)
Peripheral blood smear findings reveal 0.2-90% acanthocytes. (medscape.com)

While O-gene encodes for inactive transferase enzyme and ultimately leads to the formation of blood group O. (labpedia.net)

Blood groups are distinguished by the blood s antigenic properties. (scialert.net)

Anatomy1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Abnormalities in the glycosphingolipid content of human Pk and p erythrocytes. (1/41)

Cloning and expression of the histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose: Ga1beta-4G1cbeta1-cer alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase. Molecular genetic basis of the p phenotype. (2/41)

Molecular basis for the p phenotype. Identification of distinct and multiple mutations in the alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase gene in Swedish and Japanese individuals. (3/41)

Blood group and susceptibility to disease caused by Escherichia coli O157. (4/41)

Molecular basis of the globoside-deficient P(k) blood group phenotype. Identification of four inactivating mutations in the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene. (5/41)

Idiopathic non-syphilitic paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria in children. (6/41)

P system antigenic determiners expression in Ascaris lumbricoides. (7/41)

Alpha5beta1 integrin as a cellular coreceptor for human parvovirus B19: requirement of functional activation of beta1 integrin for viral entry. (8/41)

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P Blood-Group System

Blood Group Antigens

Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

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MNSs Blood-Group System

Kell Blood-Group System

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching

Lewis Blood-Group System

Glycophorin

Duffy Blood-Group System

Erythroblastosis, Fetal

Isoantibodies

Erythrocytes

Abnormalities in the glycosphingolipid content of human Pk and p erythrocytes. (1/41)

Cloning and expression of the histo-blood group Pk UDP-galactose: Ga1beta-4G1cbeta1-cer alpha1, 4-galactosyltransferase. Molecular genetic basis of the p phenotype. (2/41)

Molecular basis for the p phenotype. Identification of distinct and multiple mutations in the alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase gene in Swedish and Japanese individuals. (3/41)

Blood group and susceptibility to disease caused by Escherichia coli O157. (4/41)

Molecular basis of the globoside-deficient P(k) blood group phenotype. Identification of four inactivating mutations in the UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: globotriaosylceramide 3-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene. (5/41)

Idiopathic non-syphilitic paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria in children. (6/41)

P system antigenic determiners expression in Ascaris lumbricoides. (7/41)

Alpha5beta1 integrin as a cellular coreceptor for human parvovirus B19: requirement of functional activation of beta1 integrin for viral entry. (8/41)

Lan blood group system

Junior blood group system

Augustine blood group system

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Rh blood group system

ABO blood group system

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Human blood group systems

MRC Blood Group Unit

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William Lorenzo Moss

Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1

Glycosylation

Ronald Fisher bibliography

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Lan blood group system - Wikipedia

DADAMOwiki: History of Natural Selection in Man, The ABO(H) Blood Group System

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RHCE Rh blood group CcEe antigens [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI

Blood banking:- part 1- Blood Groups ABO and Rh System, Blood Grouping Procedures - Labpedia.net

OMIA:000132-9925: Blood group system L in Capra hircus - OMIA - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals

ABO blood type A is associated with increased risk of ARDS in whites following both major trauma and severe sepsis

Evidence that CD36 is expressed on red blood cells and constitutes a novel blood group system of clinical importance<...

Gcnt2 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:1100870 - glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2 (I blood group)

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Surgery: Background, Anatomy, Clinical Grading Systems

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Globulin Test: MedlinePlus Medical Test

Blood Types (for Teens) - Akron Children's Hospital

Resources Library | The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)

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Pro-ISIS group vows 'Christmas blood' inciting Vatican terror attack

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