Oxides. Medical search

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE.

Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.

A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.

A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

Inflammation of the choroid in which the sensory retina becomes edematous and opaque. The inflammatory cells and exudate may burst through the sensory retina to cloud the vitreous body.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.

The lymph fluid found in the membranous labyrinth of the ear. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.

Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A nonfluorescent reagent for the detection of primary amines, peptides and proteins. The reaction products are highly fluorescent.

Unsaturated derivatives of the ESTRANES with methyl groups at carbon-13, with no carbon at carbon-10, and with no more than one carbon at carbon-17. They must contain one or more double bonds.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.

The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.

A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects.

Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

The act of BREATHING out.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

Any tests done on exhaled air.

A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

A ureahydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine or canavanine to yield L-ornithine (ORNITHINE) and urea. Deficiency of this enzyme causes HYPERARGININEMIA. EC 3.5.3.1.

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

A north temperate species of tapeworm (CESTODA) whose adult form infects FOXES and wild RODENTS. The larval form can infect humans producing HEPATIC HYDATID CYSTS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Nitrogenous products of NITRIC OXIDE synthases, ranging from NITRIC OXIDE to NITRATES. These reactive nitrogen intermediates also include the inorganic PEROXYNITROUS ACID and the organic S-NITROSOTHIOLS.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more nitro groups.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.

Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.

Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.

Inorganic chemicals that contain manganese as an integral part of the molecule.

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.

A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

Nerve cells where transmission is mediated by NITRIC OXIDE.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

Ground up seed of WHEAT.

A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A phenomenon in which multiple and diverse phenotypic outcomes are influenced by a single gene (or single gene product.)

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain arsenic.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.

A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).

Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)

The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

Inorganic oxides of sulfur.

Relating to the size of solids.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.

Stable blood coagulation factor involved in the intrinsic pathway. The activated form XIa activates factor IX to IXa. Deficiency of factor XI is often called hemophilia C.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.

Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)

A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in vascular tissue and plays an important role in regulating VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Retinoic acid, but not arsenic trioxide, degrades the PLZF/RARalpha fusion protein, without inducing terminal differentiation or apoptosis, in a RA-therapy resistant t(11;17)(q23;q21) APL patient. (1/1663)

Primary blasts of a t(11;17)(q23;q21) acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patient were analysed with respect to retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) sensitivity as well as PLZF/RARalpha status. Although RA induced partial monocytic differentiation ex vivo, but not in vivo, As203 failed to induce apoptosis in culture, contrasting with t(15;17) APL and arguing against the clinical use of As203 in t(11;17)(q23;q21) APL. Prior to cell culture, PLZF/RARalpha was found to exactly co-localize with PML onto PML nuclear bodies. However upon cell culture, it quickly shifted towards microspeckles, its localization found in transfection experiments. Arsenic trioxide, known to induce aggregation of PML nuclear bodies, left the microspeckled PLZF/RARalpha localization completely unaffected. RA treatment led to PLZF/RARalpha degradation. However, this complete PLZF/RARalpha degradation was not accompanied by differentiation or apoptosis, which could suggest a contribution of the reciprocal RARalpha/PLZF fusion product in leukaemogenesis or the existence of irreversible changes induced by the chimera. (+info)

Determination of the anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide di- and trihexoside by chromium trioxide oxidation. (2/1663)

The anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide dihexoside and ceramide trihexoside were determined by chromium trioxide oxidation and the structures of these lipids were shown to be Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide and Man-alpha(1 leads to 4)-Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide. These results are compatible with those obtained by enzymic hydrolysis reported previously. (+info)

A functional model for O-O bond formation by the O2-evolving complex in photosystem II. (3/1663)

The formation of molecular oxygen from water in photosynthesis is catalyzed by photosystem II at an active site containing four manganese ions that are arranged in di-mu-oxo dimanganese units (where mu is a bridging mode). The complex [H2O(terpy)Mn(O)2Mn(terpy)OH2](NO3)3 (terpy is 2,2':6', 2"-terpyridine), which was synthesized and structurally characterized, contains a di-mu-oxo manganese dimer and catalyzes the conversion of sodium hypochlorite to molecular oxygen. Oxygen-18 isotope labeling showed that water is the source of the oxygen atoms in the molecular oxygen evolved, and so this system is a functional model for photosynthetic water oxidation. (+info)

Arsenic trioxide and melarsoprol induce apoptosis in plasma cell lines and in plasma cells from myeloma patients. (4/1663)

Recent data have renewed the interest for arsenic-containing compounds as anticancer agents. In particular, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been demonstrated to be an effective drug in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing programmed cell death in leukemic cells both in vitro and in vivo. This prompted us to study the in vitro effects of As2O3 and of another arsenical derivative, the organic compound melarsoprol, on human myeloma cells and on the plasma cell differentiation of normal B cells. At pharmacological concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), As2O3 and melarsoprol caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of survival and growth in myeloma cell lines that was, in some, similar to that of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Both arsenical compounds induced plasma cell apoptosis, as assessed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, detection of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface using annexin V, and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay. As2O3 and melarsoprol also inhibited viability and growth and induced apoptosis in plasma-cell enriched preparations from the bone marrow or blood of myeloma patients. In nonseparated bone marrow samples, both arsenical compounds triggered death in myeloma cells while sparing most myeloid cells, as demonstrated by double staining with annexin V and CD38 or CD15 antibodies. In primary myeloma cells as in cell lines, interleukin 6 did not prevent arsenic-induced cell death or growth inhibition, and no synergistic effect was observed with IFN-alpha. In contrast to As2O3, melarsoprol only slightly reduced the plasma cell differentiation of normal B cells induced by pokeweed mitogen. Both pokeweed mitogen-induced normal plasma cells and malignant plasma cells showed a normal nuclear distribution of PML protein, which was disrupted by As2O3 but not by melarsoprol, suggesting that the two arsenical derivatives acted by different mechanisms. These results point to the use of arsenical derivatives as investigational drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma. (+info)

A physiological barrier distal to the anatomic blood-brain barrier in a model of transvascular delivery. (5/1663)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides a method for transvascular delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. The apparent global delivery of viral-sized iron oxide particles to the rat brain after BBB opening as seen on MR images was compared with the cellular and subcellular location and distribution of the particles. METHODS: Two dextran-coated superparamagnetic monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agents, MION and Feridex, were administered intraarterially in rats at 10 mg Fe/kg immediately after osmotic opening of the BBB with hyperosmolar mannitol. After 2 to 24 hours, iron distribution in the brain was evaluated first with MR imaging then by histochemical analysis and electron microscopy to assess perivascular and intracellular distribution. RESULTS: After BBB opening, MR images showed enhancement throughout the disrupted hemisphere for both Feridex and MION. Feridex histochemical staining was found in capillaries of the disrupted hemisphere. Electron microscopy showed that the Feridex particles passed the capillary endothelial cells but did not cross beyond the basement membrane. In contrast, after MION delivery, iron histochemistry was detected within cell bodies in the disrupted hemisphere, and the electron-dense MION core was detected intracellularly and extracellularly in the neuropil. CONCLUSION: MR images showing homogeneous delivery to the brain at the macroscopic level did not indicate delivery at the microscopic level. These data support the presence of a physiological barrier at the basal lamina, analogous to the podocyte in the kidney, distal to the anatomic (tight junction) BBB, which may limit the distribution of some proteins and viral particles after transvascular delivery to the brain. (+info)

Comparison of ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced T2-weighted, conventional T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR images in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (6/1663)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) constitute a contrast agent that accumulates in cells from the mononuclear phagocytic system. In the CNS they may accumulate in phagocytic cells such as macrophages. The goal of this study was to compare USPIO-enhanced MR images with conventional T2-weighted images and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Nine rats with EAE and four control rats were imaged at 4.7 T and 1.5 T with conventional T1- and T2-weighted sequences, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences, and T2-weighted sequences obtained 24 hours after intravenous injection of a USPIO contrast agent, AMI-227. Histologic examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin stain, Perls' stain for iron, and ED1 immunohistochemistry for macrophages. RESULTS: USPIO-enhanced images showed a high sensitivity (8/9) for detecting EAE lesions, whereas poor sensitivity was obtained with T2-weighted images (1/9) and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (0/9). All the MR findings in the control rats were negative. Histologic examination revealed the presence of macrophages at the site where abnormalities were seen on USPIO-enhanced images. CONCLUSION: The high sensitivity of USPIO for macrophage activity relative to other imaging techniques is explained by the histologic findings of numerous perivascular cell infiltrates, including macrophages, in EAE. This work supports the possibility of intracellular USPIO transport to the CNS by monocytes/macrophages, which may have future implications for imaging of human inflammatory diseases. (+info)

Iron reductase for magnetite synthesis in the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. (7/1663)

Ferric iron reductase was purified from magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum (formerly Aquaspirillum) magnetotacticum (ATCC 31632) to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The enzyme was loosely bound on the cytoplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane and was found more frequently in magnetic cells than in nonmagnetic cells. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was calculated upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be about 36 kDa, almost the same as that calibrated by gel filtration analysis. The enzyme required NADH and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as optimal electron donor and cofactor, respectively, and the activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+ acting as a partial mixed-type inhibitor. The Km values for NADH and FMN were 4.3 and 0. 035 microM, respectively, and the Ki values for Zn2+ were 19.2 and 23.9 microM for NADH and FMN, respectively. When the bacterium was grown in the presence of ZnSO4, the magnetosome number in the cells and the ferric iron reductase activity declined in parallel with an increase in the ZnSO4 concentration of the medium, suggesting that the ferric iron reductase purified in the present study may participate in magnetite synthesis. (+info)

Evidence of a cyclooxygenase-related prostaglandin synthesis in coral. The allene oxide pathway is not involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. (8/1663)

Certain corals are rich natural sources of prostaglandins, the metabolic origin of which has remained undefined. By analogy with the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase pathway to jasmonic acid in plants, the presence of (8R)-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase in the coral Plexaura homomalla suggested a potential metabolic route to prostaglandins (Brash, A. R., Baertshi, S. W., Ingram, C.D., and Harris, T. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15829-15839). Other evidence, from the Arctic coral Gersemia fruticosa, has indicated a cyclooxygenase intermediate in the biosynthesis (Varvas, K., Koljak, R., Jarving, I., Pehk, T., and Samel, N. (1994) Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 8267-8270). In the present study, active preparations of G. fruticosa have been used to identify both types of arachidonic acid metabolism and specific inhibitors were used to establish the enzyme type involved in the prostaglandin biosynthesis. The synthesis of prostaglandins and (11R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was inhibited by mammalian cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, aspirin, and tolfenamic acid), while the formation of the products of the 8-lipoxygenase/allene oxide pathway was not affected or was increased. The specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, did not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in coral. We conclude that coral uses two parallel routes for the initial oxidation of polyenoic acids: the cyclooxygenase route, which leads to optically active prostaglandins, and the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase metabolism, the role of which remains to be established. An enzyme related to mammalian cyclooxygenases is the key to prostaglandin synthesis in coral. Based on our inhibitor data, the catalytic site of this evolutionary early cyclooxygenase appears to differ significantly from both known mammalian cyclooxygenases. (+info)

3.[21][41] When molten, at temperatures above 710 °C, this oxide corrodes any metal oxide, and even platinum.[33] On reaction ... The dark red bismuth(V) oxide, Bi. 2O. 5, is unstable, liberating O. 2 gas upon heating.[43] The compound NaBiO3 is a strong ... When burned in oxygen, bismuth burns with a blue flame and its oxide forms yellow fumes.[15] Its toxicity is much lower than ... Oxides and sulfides[edit]. At elevated temperatures, the vapors of the metal combine rapidly with oxygen, forming the yellow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth

Amine oxides[edit]. *Lauryldimethylamine oxide. See also[edit]. .mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw- ... Polypropylene oxides conversely, may be inserted to increase the lipophilic character of a surfactant. ... The polyether groups often comprise ethoxylated (polyethylene oxide-like) sequences inserted to increase the hydrophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant

... is the inorganic compound of formula PdO. It is the only well characterised oxide of palladium.[1] It is ... The oxide is obtained as a black powder. The oxide also may be prepared specially for catalytic use by heating variously a ... The brown hydrated oxide converts to black anhydrous oxide on heating. Its susceptibility to attack by acids decreases at lower ... Nickel(II) oxide Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium

The hydroxide AgOH exists only in solution; otherwise it spontaneously decomposes to the oxide.) Silver(I) oxide is very easily ... oxide of formula AgIAgIIIO2. Some other mixed oxides with silver in non-integral oxidation states, namely Ag2O3 and Ag3O4, are ... The liquid lead oxide is removed or absorbed by capillary action into the hearth linings.[79][80][81] ... For instance, 15% silver supported on α-Al2O3 or silicates is a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide at 230 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E174

... (or chromia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr. 2O. 3. It is one of the principal oxides of ... Chromates can be formed by the oxidation of chromium(III) oxide and another oxide in a basic environment: 2 Cr. 2O. 3 + 4 MO + ... Unlike the classic thermite reaction involving iron oxides, the chromium oxide thermite creates few or no sparks, smoke or ... 3 has the corundum structure, consisting of a hexagonal close packed array of oxide anions with 2⁄3 of the octahedral holes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium

Reaction with acidic oxides[edit]. Sodium hydroxide also reacts with acidic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide. Such reactions are ... oxide, sodium metal, and hydrogen gas[21]. This is due to the lower enthalpy of formation of iron(III) oxide (-824.2kJ/mol[22] ... Reaction with amphoteric metals and oxides[edit]. Glass reacts slowly with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at ambient ... aluminium oxide) which is the raw material used to produce aluminium metal via the electrolytic Hall-Héroult process. Since the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E524

Nitric oxide[edit]. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) selectively widens the lung's arteries which allows for more blood flow to open ... Despite evidence of increased oxygenation status, there is no evidence that inhaled nitric oxide decreases morbidity and ... "Inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome regardless of severity: ... mortality in people with ARDS.[20] Furthermore, nitric oxide may cause kidney damage and is not recommended as therapy for ARDS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARDS

Rare-earth oxides[edit]. Rare-earth oxides such as ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) and erbium oxide (Er2O3) are the most commonly used ... These oxides emit a narrow band of wavelengths in the near-infrared region, allowing the tailoring of the emission spectra to ... At operating temperatures below 1700 °C, selective emission of rare-earth oxides is fairly low, resulting in a further decrease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermophotovoltaic

Oxides[edit]. Oxide melting points, °C Element. I. II. III. IV. VI. VII ... The oxides are readily decomposed by heat in consequence of the feeble affinity between the metal and oxygen."[29]. Smith, ... Palladium oxide PdO can be reduced to palladium metal by exposing it to hydrogen in ambient conditions[10] ... Hämäläinen J, Ritala M, Leskelä M 2013, "Atomic layer deposition of noble metals and their oxides", Chemistry of Materials, vol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_metal

Amphoteric oxides and hydroxides[4][edit]. Amphoteric oxides[edit]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) reacts with both acids and with bases: *In ... Amphoteric oxides include lead oxide and zinc oxide, among many others. One type of amphoteric species are amphiprotic ... Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric oxides. ... Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states of the oxide. Al2O3 is an example of an amphoteric oxide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiprotic

... oxides. Yellow chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas above a yellow chlorine dioxide solution. Solutions of pure chlorine ... The chlorine oxides are well-studied in spite of their instability (all of them are endothermic compounds). They are important ... Carl Wilhelm Scheele wrote a description of chlorine gas in 1774, supposing it to be an oxide of a new element. In 1809, ... Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was the first chlorine oxide to be discovered in 1811 by Humphry Davy. It is a yellow paramagnetic gas ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

... (stannous oxide) is a compound with the formula SnO. It is composed of tin and oxygen where tin has the oxidation ... Cerium(III) oxide in ceramic form, together with Tin(II) oxide (SnO) is used for illumination with UV light.[17] ... This method is also applied to the production of ferrous oxide and manganous oxide.[5][6] ... Stannous oxide may also be employed as a reducing agent and in the creation of ruby glass.[16] It has a minor use as an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin

Oxides[edit]. Curium readily reacts with oxygen forming mostly Cm2O3 and CmO2 oxides,[48] but the divalent oxide CmO is also ... oxide (PuO2) by annealing. Following cyclotron irradiation of the oxide, the coating was dissolved with nitric acid and then ... Furthermore, a number of ternary oxides of the type M(II)CmO3 are known, where M stands for a divalent metal, such as barium.[ ... Another possibility is the reduction of curium(IV) oxide using a magnesium-zinc alloy in a melt of magnesium chloride and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium

2O) forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals,[35] and is the only oxide of the anti-CdCl. 2 type.[36] It vaporizes at 250 °C (482 ... The phosphate,[27] acetate, carbonate, halides, oxide, nitrate, and sulfate salts are water-soluble. Double salts are often ... 2O). The aluminium sulfate component is converted to insoluble aluminium oxide by roasting the alum with carbon, and the ... 2 is the main product.[34] The "normal" caesium oxide (Cs. ... 3] and others are the several suboxides (see section on oxides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium

Reduction of higher oxides[edit]. Sulfur dioxide can also be a byproduct in the manufacture of calcium silicate cement; CaSO4 ... In particular, calcium oxide (lime) reacts with sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite: CaO + SO2 → CaSO3. Aerobic oxidation of ... Redox processes using iron oxides can also be used, for example, Lo-Cat[43] or Sulferox.[44] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide

Nitrous oxide[edit]. Nitrous oxide is emitted primarily from agriculture, but also comes from industrial processes and fossil ... and nitrous oxide (from 1997) at Baring Head.[25] More than 80% of methane emissions in New Zealand come from enteric ... and nitrous oxide (N2O) by 27.6%. hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have also gone up. Emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have ... except for agricultural methane and nitrous oxide. The carbon tax policy was intended to be a precursor to emissions trading ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Zealand

Oxides[edit]. Ytterbium reacts with oxygen to form ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3), which crystallizes in the "rare-earth C-type ... The metal is extracted from the solution as oxalate and converted to oxide by heating. The oxide is reduced to metal by heating ... As ytterbium(III) oxide has a significantly higher emissivity in the infrared range than magnesium oxide, a higher radiant ... oxide can be reduced to ytterbium(II) oxide (YbO) with elemental ytterbium, which crystallizes in the same structure as sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

... is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices. Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, ... Magnesium oxide has poor solubility in water and is poorly absorbed from the gut. For this reason, magnesium oxide is ... Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of ... Magnesium oxide for the Animal Feed Industry. lehvoss.de *^ "Mass Deacidification: Saving the Written Word". Library of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E530

Nitric oxide[edit]. This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. ... Gilani M, Kaiser DR, Bratteli CW, Alinder C, Rajala Bank AJ, Cohn JN (2007). "Role of nitric oxide deficiency and its detection ... Nitric oxide (NO) suppresses platelet aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and ... such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin, and controlling local angiotensin-II activity.[1][2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_dysfunction

When burned in air, it forms primarily sodium peroxide with some sodium oxide.[19] ... be stored under a dry inert gas atmosphere or anhydrous mineral oil to prevent the formation of a surface layer of sodium oxide ... temperature and pressure is a soft silvery metal that combines with oxygen in the air and forms grayish white sodium oxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium

Oxides, sulfides, and alkoxides. The most important oxide is TiO2, which exists in three important polymorphs; anatase, ... iron oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify.[22] Realizing ... It is present as oxides in most igneous rocks, in sediments derived from them, in living things, and natural bodies of water.[6 ... Titanium may be anodized to vary the thickness of the surface oxide layer, causing optical interference fringes and a variety ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium

2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al. 2O. 3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe. 2 ... Oxides and other inorganic compounds. Water (H. 2O) is an oxide of hydrogen and the most familiar oxygen compound. Hydrogen ... Oxides, such as iron oxide or rust, form when oxygen combines with other elements. ... He had produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide (HgO) and various nitrates in 1771-72.[14][15][6] Scheele called the gas " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen

They are readily reduced to nitrous oxide and nitric oxide by sulfur dioxide, to hyponitrous acid with tin(II), and to ammonia ... Nitrogen forms nine molecular oxides, some of which were the first gases to be identified: N2O (nitrous oxide), NO (nitric ... Nitrous oxide (N2O), better known as laughing gas, is made by thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate at 250 °C. This ... One other possible oxide that has not yet been synthesised is oxatetrazole (N4O), an aromatic ring.[57] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen

Oxides and hydroxides[edit]. The oxide Sc. 2O. 3 and the hydroxide Sc(OH). 3 are amphoteric:[22] ... Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.[31][32] He named the element scandium, from the Latin Scandia meaning ... α- and γ-ScOOH are isostructural with their aluminium hydroxide oxide counterparts.[23] Solutions of Sc3+. in water are acidic ... The world production of scandium is in the order of 15 tonnes per year, in the form of scandium oxide. The demand is about 50% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium-scandium_alloy

... is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium. It ... Ruthenium (IV) oxide is being used as the main component in the catalyst of the Sumitomo-Deacon process which produces chlorine ... Ruthenium oxide has great capacity to store charge when used in aqueous solutions.[12] Average capacities of ruthenium(IV) ... Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium

Iron oxides[edit]. Nonstoichiometry is pervasive for metal oxides, especially when the metal is not in its highest oxidation ... Many metal oxides and sulfides have non-stoichiometric examples; for example, stoichiometric iron(II) oxide, which is rare, has ... Tungsten oxides[edit]. It is sometimes difficult to determine if a material is non-stoichiometric or if the formula is best ... Such catalysts rely on the ability of the metal oxide to form phases that are not stoichiometric.[4] An analogous sequence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-stoichiometric_compound

Graphite oxide reduction[edit]. P. Boehm reported producing monolayer flakes of reduced graphene oxide in 1962.[6][7] Rapid ... Bacteria processing of graphene oxide[edit]. Graphene oxide can be converted to graphene using the bacteria Shewanella ... Reduction of graphite oxide monolayer films, e.g. by hydrazine with annealing in argon/hydrogen also yielded graphene films. ... The products of this reaction are carbon and magnesium oxide. US patent 8377408 was issued for this process.[94] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_production_techniques

... oxide: Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 → PbO2 + 2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O. With iron oxides and with elemental iron, lead(II,IV) oxide forms insoluble ... Lead(II,IV) oxide is prepared by calcination of lead(II) oxide (PbO; also called litharge) in air at about 450-480 °C:[4] ... Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead is the inorganic compound with the formula Pb3O4. A bright red or orange solid, it is ... Lead(II,IV) oxide was used as a red pigment in ancient Rome, where it was prepared by calcination of white lead. In the ancient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

Ethylene oxide process diagram[edit]. Hello Daniele I study chemical engineering and I have been seeing your work about ... The information source is: "Ethylene Oxide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (2002), chapter 4. I created by ... ethylene oxide process diagram and i would like to know where did you find the information to make that. Thanks for your healp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Daniele_Pugliesi

Metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET)[edit]. Main article: MOSFET. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor ( ... Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), where the gate is insulated by a shallow layer of insulator *p-type ... "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum.. ... Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), showing gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_transistor

Magnesium oxide is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices. Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, ... Magnesium oxide has poor solubility in water and is poorly absorbed from the gut. For this reason, magnesium oxide is ... Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of ... Magnesium oxide for the Animal Feed Industry. lehvoss.de *^ "Mass Deacidification: Saving the Written Word". Library of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide

Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and improve ... Nitric Oxide May Keep Eggs Young. In the study, published in the journal Biochemistry, researchers collected more than 1,500 ... 9, 2005 -- Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and ... A new study shows that exposure to nitric oxide delayed the signs of aging in mouse eggs, which, like eggs from older women, ...

https://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/news/20050909/nitric-oxide-may-prolong-womens-fertility

Here are 5 benefits of nitric oxide supplements for health and performance. ... Supplements that increase nitric oxide in the body are incredibly popular. ... Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and one of the most important molecules for blood ... Nitric oxide is needed for the muscles in the penis to relax. This relaxation allows chambers inside the penis to fill with ...

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/nitric-oxide-supplements

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Oxides&oldid=536618522" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Oxides

Media in category "Oxides". The following 49 files are in this category, out of 49 total. ... Retrieved from "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Oxides&oldid=302810131" ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oxides

Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide have been found in at least 9 and 6 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by ... Exposure to high levels of nitrogen oxides can damage the respiratory airways. Contact with the skin or eyes can cause burns. ... Everybody is exposed to small amounts of nitrogen oxides in ambient air. Higher exposure may occur by burning wood or kerosene ... What are nitrogen oxides?. Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Two of the most ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=396&toxid=69

Metal oxides (MOs) are the most abundant materials in the Earths crust and are ingredients in traditional ceramics. MO ... commercialization of amorphous oxide semiconductors for flat panel displays. This Review surveys the uniqueness and ... including the discovery and characterization of new transparent conducting oxides, realization of p-type along with traditional ... tunable conducting properties and easy processability make metal oxides key materials for advanced optoelectronic devices. This ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4599?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a6d0ef79-598e-4630-81be-4989837bfa81

oxide (countable and uncountable, plural oxides) *(chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical ... oxide m (plural oxides) *Obsolete spelling of oxyde *1800, Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, Élemens ou principes physio-chymiques, ... Archaic French oxide (now oxyde), from a blend of ox(ygene) and (ac)ide, coined by G. de Morveau and A. Lavoisier. [1] ... dans cette combinaison, lhydrogène de lammoniaque se combine avec loxigène de loxide, et forme de leau ; et lazote se ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oxide

Breathing nitrous oxide can cause dizziness, unconsciousness, and even death. Long-term exposure can lead to infertility ... Nitrous oxide (N20) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. ... Nitrous oxide (N20) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. ... Contact with liquid nitrous oxide can cause severe frostbite. Workers may be harmed from exposure to nitrous oxide. The level ... The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. Useful search terms for nitrous oxide ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nitrousoxide/default.html

Exposure to ethylene oxide may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulty, drowsiness, weakness, ... Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O) is a flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor. ... IARC Monographs (Vol 100F): Ethylene Oxidepdf iconexternal icon. *IARC Monographs (Vol 97): Ethylene Oxidepdf iconexternal icon ... Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O) is a flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor. Exposure to ethylene oxide may cause headache, nausea, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ethyleneoxide/default.html

... oxide (or tetraphosphorus hexoxide), P4O6, and phosphorus(V) oxide (or tetraphosphorus decaoxide), P4O10. Both oxides have a ... Oxides of phosphorus: Phosphorus forms two common oxides, phosphorus(III) ... Phosphorus(III) oxide is a white crystalline solid that smells like garlic and has a poisonous vapour. It oxidizes slowly in ... Phosphorus(V) oxide is a white flocculent powder that can be prepared by heating elemental phosphorus in excess ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/oxide/Oxides-of-phosphorus

calcium oxide (uncountable). *(inorganic chemistry) A white powderous substance, CaO, normally made by heating calcium ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=calcium_oxide&oldid=46932034" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calcium_oxide

This volume explores three main aspects of nitric oxide (NO) research: NO treatment and detection, NO modifications, and NO ... Measurements of Intra-oocyte Nitric Oxide Concentration Using Nitric Oxide Selective Electrode ... Cutting edge and authoritative, Nitric Oxide: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning ... Quantum Cascade Lasers-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide Gracia Montilla-Bascón, Julien Mandon, Frans J. M. Harren, Luis A. J. ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4939-7695-9

... decomposing it into the oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide is widely used in industry, e.g., in making porcelain and glass ... Calcium oxide is a basic anhydride, reacting with water to form calcium hydroxide; during the reaction (slaking) much heat is ... calcium oxide, chemical compound, CaO, a colorless, cubic crystalline or white amorphous substance. It is also called lime, ...

https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/chemistry/elements/calcium-oxide

FERROUS-FERRIC OXIDE, HYDRATED FERRIC OXIDE, IRON BLACK OXIDE, IRON HYDROXIDE OXIDE, IRON OXIDE, IRON OXIDE (FEO), IRON OXIDE ... Iron oxides are inorganic chemicals used as colorants.. BLACK IRON OXIDE, BLACK OXIDE OF IRON, BROWN IRON OXIDE, C.I. PIGMENT ... RED IRON OXIDE, SYNTHETIC IRON OXIDE, YELLOW IRON OXIDE, and YELLOW OXIDE OF IRON ... RED 10-34-PC-2045, IRON OXIDES, IRON YELLOW OXIDE, IRON(II) OXIDE, MAGNETITE, NATURAL IRON OXIDE, PIGMENT BLACK 11, PIGMENT ...

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredients/706410-iron_oxides

Recently, there has been growing interest in creating hybrid metal oxides to tailor the morphology and properties of these ... From this perspective, we highlight several recent developments in cross-linked hybrid metal oxides, focusing on chemical cross ... This perspective article highlights the recent advances in the area of covalently cross-linked hybrid metal oxides. ... Metal oxides are ubiquitous in our daily lives because they are robust and possess versatile electrochemical properties. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41427-019-0119-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d59e20ff-83e0-4aac-a4b8-86cee0b0cac0

Heparin/nitric oxide. Lack of efficacy, bleeding around chest tube site and intracranial bleeding: case report ... She also exhibited lack of efficacy to nitric oxide for the treatment of deterioration of respiratory status with hypoxia and ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-55325-2

Shell chemicals companies are among the largest global producers of ethylene oxide, with facilities in Europe, the US and Asia ... Propylene oxide Propylene oxide is a chemical building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivatives including ... Ethylene oxide. Shell chemicals companies are among the largest global producers of high purity ethylene oxide, a versatile ... High Purity Ethylene oxide (HPEO) is a colourless, highly reactive and flammable gas at room temperature. It is produced by ...

https://www.shell.com/business-customers/chemicals/our-products/ethylene-oxide.html

Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide Strengthens hair from root to tip Promotes hair thickness Ceases hair loss Accelerates ... Kopyrrol (Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide) * 1. 1 , P a g e Kopyrrol (Pyrrolidino diamino pyrimidine oxide) An enlivening ... Kopexil (Diaminopyrimidine Oxide) -... by Kumar Organic Pro... 5281 views * Kopexil aqua- 100 % water soluble h... by Dr. ... Applications: Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide Hair Serum Hair Lotion, Creams Hair Shampoo/ Conditioner Eye Liner & Mascara ...

https://www.slideshare.net/Kumarorganicproducts/kopyrrol-pyrrolidinyl-diaminopyrimidine-oxide

CHEBI:31344 - calcium oxide. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ... A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio.. ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=31344

Exposure to ethylene oxide can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs, and damage to the brain and nerves ... Large amounts of ethylene oxide are produced in the United States. Most of it is used to make other chemicals such as ethylene ... What is ethylene oxide?. Ethylene oxide is a man-made flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor when it is at very high levels. ... Can ethylene oxide cause cancer? Studies of the highest exposed workers who were exposed to ethylene oxide over an average of ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=733&toxid=133

... began experimenting with the effects of inhaling nitrous oxide [2]. ... Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide was first identified by Joseph Priestley [1] in 1772. Years later in the late 1790s, British ... Nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide (N2O), also called di-nitrogen monoxide, is one of several gaseous oxides of nitrogen . It is ... Nitrous oxide should not be confused with the potentially toxic gas known as nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is found in the ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/nitrous-oxide

STYRENE OXIDE. ICSC. : 1201. (Epoxyethyl)benzene. 1,2-Epoxyethylbenzene. Styrene-7,8-oxide. Phenylethylene oxide. Phenyl ...

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=1201&p_version=1&p_lang=en

Ethylene oxide was first prepared in 1859 by French chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884). Source for information on ... Ethylene OxideOVERVIEWEthylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. The gas is a ... Ethylene Oxide. OVERVIEW. Ethylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. The gas is ... Ethylene oxide is a very unstable compound that catches fire or explodes readily and must be handled with the greatest care. ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/academic-and-educational-journals/ethylene-oxide

All rights reserved. The published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Neither ILO nor WHO nor the European Commission shall be responsible for the interpretation and use of the information contained in this material ...

http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_version=2&p_card_id=0836&p_lang=en

Propylene oxide. Shell chemicals companies are leading players in propylene oxide and its principal derivatives - polyether ... Propylene oxide (PO) is a colourless, reactive liquid used primarily as a building block for the manufacture of a versatile ... waterproof clothing and aircraft de-icers are just some of the many ultimate applications of propylene oxide. ... bowling balls are applications of propylene oxide ... First propylene oxide plant acquired in Carrington, UK. 1959. ...

https://www.shell.com/business-customers/chemicals/our-products/propylene-oxide.html

Oxides are widely and abundantly distributed in nature. Water is the oxide of hydrogen. Silicon dioxide is the major component ... oxide oxide. oxide, chemical compound containing oxygen and one other chemical element . Oxides are widely and abundantly ... Nitrous oxide is an oxide of nitrogen often called laughing gas. Many of the metals form oxides. Some metal oxides, e.g., those ... Oxides are usually named according to the number of oxygen atoms present in a molecule, e.g., monoxide (or simply oxide), ...

https://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science-and-technology/chemistry/compounds-and-elements/oxide

Mixed oxide, abbreviated as MOX, refers to nuclear fuel consisting of uranium oxide and plutonium oxide for use in nuclear ... Retrieved from "http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Mixed_oxide_(MOX)&oldid=175571" ...

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:MOX

Ion beam synthesized of VO2 nano-crystals show a sharp metal-insulator phase transition (MIT) with an extremely wide and tunable temperature hysteresis loop of up to 50°C with strong superheating and supercooling. By elastic strain, doping and intentional defect generation we manipulate the MIT phase transition and its dynamics. Controlling and engineering these effects, potential applications in extremely fast electro-optical memory and switching technologies can be envisaged: i.e. Bistable thermochromic gratings have been prepared and characterized in close cooperation with Huber Krenner. These nanocrystals can be cycled more than 104 times through the MIT without any sign of degradation of their optical properties.. ...

https://www.uni-augsburg.de/en/fakultaet/mntf/physik/groups/exp4/workgroups/nanoscale-functional-oxides/

... alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, l-butene oxide, Z-butene oxide, isobutylene oxide and l-hexene oxide, ... trifiuoromethyl ethylene oxide, perfluoropropylene oxide, perfiuoroethylene oxide, etc.; and epoxide monomers having ... EXAMPLE 46 When a mixture of 5 grams of propylene oxide and 5 grams of butene-l oxide was used in Example 1, a solid polymer ... The unsaturated olefin oxide monomers can be copolymerized with the foregoing saturated olefin oxide monomers to provide ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US3506597?dq=6101531

Sept. 9, 2005 -- Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and improve their chances of having a healthy baby by fighting the effects of aging on their ovaries. (webmd.com)
A new study shows that exposure to nitric oxide delayed the signs of aging in mouse eggs, which, like eggs from older women, deteriorate rapidly and are more difficult to fertilize properly. (webmd.com)
But exposing the eggs to appropriate levels of nitric oxide "could extend this fertilizable time window in both old and young women," says Abu-Soud. (webmd.com)
Researchers say the findings also suggest that nitric oxide may be used to enhance the fertility of eggs harvested for in vitro fertilization . (webmd.com)
Researchers exposed the mouse eggs to varying concentrations of nitric oxide, a chemical that among other things keeps the arteries supple. (webmd.com)
The results showed that nitric oxide appeared to slow the hardening of the eggs' outer shells, increase the release of molecules that prevent improper fertilization by more than one sperm, and fight other signs of aging that could interfere with fertilization. (webmd.com)
Researchers say that in addition to possibly prolonging fertility in women, the results suggest that nitric oxide may help prevent genetic abnormalities during early embryo development, which may have applications in preventing Down syndrome , spontaneous miscarriages , and other problems often associated with pregnancies among older women. (webmd.com)
Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and one of the most important molecules for blood vessel health. (healthline.com)
In this way, nitric oxide increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. (healthline.com)
Supplements that increase nitric oxide in the body make up one of the most popular supplement categories today. (healthline.com)
These supplements don't contain nitric oxide itself. (healthline.com)
However, they contain compounds that your body can use to make nitric oxide and have been shown to provide many benefits for health and performance. (healthline.com)
Here are 5 health and performance benefits of taking nitric oxide supplements. (healthline.com)
L-citrulline is an amino acid that may help treat erectile dysfunction by increasing the production of nitric oxide ( 2 ). (healthline.com)
Nitric oxide is needed for the muscles in the penis to relax. (healthline.com)
Two other nitric-oxide-boosting supplements have been shown to treat erectile dysfunction - the amino acid L-arginine and Pycnogenol, a plant extract from the pine tree. (healthline.com)
Summary Nitric oxide plays an important role in erectile function. (healthline.com)
Several supplements, including L-citrulline, L-arginine and Pycnogenol, have been shown to increase levels of nitric oxide in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). (healthline.com)
A form of L-citrulline called citrulline malate not only increases nitric oxide production, but also decreases muscle soreness. (healthline.com)
Citrulline malate increases nitric oxide production, which increases blood flow to active muscles. (healthline.com)
Summary Citrulline malate is a form of L-citrulline that may help alleviate muscle soreness by increasing nitric oxide. (healthline.com)
People with high blood pressure are thought to have an impaired ability to use nitric oxide in their bodies ( 14 , 15 ). (healthline.com)
When you consume nitrate, your body converts it to nitric oxide, which in turn causes blood vessels to relax and dilate, lowering blood pressure. (healthline.com)
Many studies have shown nitrate may help lower blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric oxide ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). (healthline.com)
Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide have been found in at least 9 and 6 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively. (cdc.gov)
Nitric oxide is a sharp sweet-smelling gas at room temperature, whereas nitrogen dioxide has a strong, harsh odor and is a liquid at room temperature, becoming a reddish-brown gas above 70°F. (cdc.gov)
Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are found in tobacco smoke, so people who smoke or breathe in second-hand smoke may be exposed to nitrogen oxides. (cdc.gov)
This volume explores three main aspects of nitric oxide (NO) research: NO treatment and detection, NO modifications, and NO detoxification. (springer.com)
The book also covers methods used to study human/animal and plant nitric oxide. (springer.com)
The chapters are divided into three parts: part one looks at NO treatments using gaseous nitric oxide and detection using a NO-sensitive electrode, electron spin resonance, and fluorescence-based NO-sensor proteins. (springer.com)
She also exhibited lack of efficacy to nitric oxide for the treatment of deterioration of respiratory status with hypoxia and hypercarbia [ times to reactions onsets not stated ]. (springer.com)
nitric oxide, NO) by treatment with iron powder or a mixture of iron and sulfur powders. (factmonster.com)
Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) are together referred to as nitrogen oxides (NO X ). Combustion of fossil fuels is by far the dominant source of NO X emissions. (europa.eu)
Nitrous Oxide is not the same as Nitric Oxide. (erowid.org)
Nitric Oxide is a poisonous gas. (erowid.org)
The right heart cath may be a more involved procedure that may include cardiac output determination, oxygen saturations, wedge pressures, thermodilution studies, NITRIC OXIDE STUDIES, etc. (aapc.com)
Nitric Oxide as therapy for respiratory distress syndrome? (aapc.com)
An electrode sensor which may be used to specifically and quantitatively measure nitric oxide is provided, as well as a method of preparing and using such an electrode sensor to measure nitric oxide concentration in solution. (google.co.uk)
A nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises. (google.co.uk)
A nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises a thermally-sharpened carbon fiber with a tip diameter of about 0.5-0.7 μm coated with several layers of p-type semiconducting polymeric porphyrin and cationic exchanger deposited thereon. (google.co.uk)
3. The electrode sensor of claim 2, which additionally comprises a gas-permeable membrane coating that is permeable to nitric oxide and is not permeable to nitrite. (google.co.uk)
One trick that we've recently discovered is a way of overriding this connective idiom of brain function with one that is purely spatial, nitric oxide neurotransmission. (everything2.com)
Some neurons, when inundated with enough calcium ion s, activate an enzyme named NOS ( nitric oxide synthase ). (everything2.com)
This enzyme metabolizes the amino acid L-arginine to form, I bet you could have guessed, nitric oxide (NO) gas. (everything2.com)
Members of the hemoglobin superfamily efficiently catalyze nitric-oxide dioxygenation, and when paired with native electron donors, function as NO dioxygenases (NODs). (hindawi.com)
Nitric-oxide dioxygenases (NODs) are enzymes that efficiently convert NO and O 2 to nitrate ( 1 ). (hindawi.com)
The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. (nih.gov)
Nitric oxide involvement in Drosophila immunity. (nih.gov)
The augmented production of nitric oxide (NO) was observed during the hemocyte-mediated melanotic encapsulation responses of Drosophila melanogaster and D. teissieri. (nih.gov)

Iron oxides are inorganic chemicals used as colorants. (ewg.org)
Hydrous ferric oxides, also called hydrous iron oxides and iron(III) oxide-hydroxides are hydrous oxide inorganic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
One such group of these compounds, called iron oxides, is formed by reacting iron and oxygen in some way. (wikihow.com)

EEA-32 emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) have decreased by 41% between 1990 and 2009. (europa.eu)
This indicator tracks trends since 1990 in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides. (europa.eu)
A number of policies have been implemented that directly or indirectly reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides. (europa.eu)

Figure 2: Vapour-phased metal oxide and thin-film transistor. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Solution-processed metal oxide. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Metal oxide electronics. (nature.com)
In particular, in the case of hybrid polymer-metal oxide materials, the flexibility of the polymer is imparted to the system, which allows for facile processing into macrostructures. (nature.com)
Various metal oxide hybrids have been tailored with novel 2D and 3D morphologies that demonstrate superior properties (e.g., electrochemical activity) to their bulk counterparts. (nature.com)
This review article contains a reminder of the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis and a description of the main domains of heterogeneous catalysis and main families of metal oxide catalysts, which cover acid-base reactions, selective partial oxidation reactions, total oxidation reactions, depollution, biomass conversion, green chemistry and photocatalysis. (mdpi.com)
Metal oxide catalysts are essential components in most refining and petrochemical processes. (mdpi.com)
This paper attempts to review the major current industrial applications of supported and unsupported metal oxide catalysts. (mdpi.com)
Following a review of the major types of metal oxide catalysts and the processes that use these catalysts, this paper considers current and prospective major applications, where recent advances in the science of metal oxide catalysts have major economic and environmental impacts. (mdpi.com)
17. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes a dielectric metal oxide in which the metal is a metal other than tantalum or hafnium. (google.de)

Many metal oxides react with water to form alkaline hydroxides, e.g., calcium oxide (lime) reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). (factmonster.com)
Do all basic oxides react with water to form a product with (OH) in it? (physicsforums.com)

How can I be exposed to ethylene oxide? (cdc.gov)
Studies of the highest exposed workers who were exposed to ethylene oxide over an average of 10 years or longer had higher risks of certain types of cancer, such as some blood cancers and breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. (cdc.gov)
Phosphorus(V) oxide is a white flocculent powder that can be prepared by heating elemental phosphorus in excess oxygen. (britannica.com)
A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. (ebi.ac.uk)
oxide, chemical compound containing oxygen and one other chemical element . (factmonster.com)
The halogens and inactive metals do not combine directly with oxygen, but their oxides can be formed by indirect methods. (factmonster.com)
Oxides are usually named according to the number of oxygen atoms present in a molecule, e.g., monoxide (or simply oxide), dioxide, trioxide. (factmonster.com)
An oxide is a term used in chemistry for a material which has been exposed and reacted to oxygen . (everything2.com)
In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide ) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. (everything2.com)
Aluminium oxides or aluminum oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including aluminium (Al) and oxygen (O). Aluminium(I) oxide (Al2O) Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO) (aluminium monoxide) Aluminium(III) oxide (aluminium oxide), (Al2O3), the most common form of aluminium oxide, occurring on the surface of aluminium and also in crystalline form as corundum, sapphire, and ruby. (wikipedia.org)
When one type of an oxide structure called perovskite is exposed to both water vapor and streams of electrons, it exhibits behavior that researchers had never anticipated: The material gives off oxygen and begins oscillating, almost resembling a living, breathing organism. (eurekalert.org)
Perovskite oxides are promising candidates for a variety of applications, including solar cells, electrodes in rechargeable batteries, water-splitting devices to generate hydrogen and oxygen, fuel cells, and sensors. (eurekalert.org)
Which oxide you get depends on the specific circumstances under which the iron and oxygen react, and this will change the properties and uses of the resulting iron oxide. (wikihow.com)
If you take too much nitrous oxide you risk falling unconscious and/or suffocating from the lack of oxygen. (talktofrank.com)
[ 1 ] The specially designed nasal mask fully covers the nose, allowing the mixture of nitrous oxide with oxygen to flow while the dentist works on the patient's mouth. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] A 2009 prospective, randomized study showed that a 70:30 mix of nitrous oxide in oxygen, administered for 3 minutes, was effective in reducing pain in children undergoing venipuncture. (medscape.com)

Although some decomposition of the carbonate to oxide occurs at temperatures below 700 °C, the resulting materials appears to reabsorb carbon dioxide from the air. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon forms two well-known oxides, carbon monoxide , CO, and carbon dioxide , CO 2 . (britannica.com)
For example, copper (II) oxide, CuO, and iron (III) oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , are both reduced to the metal by carbon monoxide. (britannica.com)
For example, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) produces carbon dioxide and calcium oxide (CaO). (britannica.com)
It is prepared by heating calcium carbonate (e.g., limestone ) in a special lime kiln to about 500°C to 600°C, decomposing it into the oxide and carbon dioxide. (infoplease.com)
Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen are among the waste gases of gasoline-burning internal-combustion engines. (factmonster.com)
3. Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Protocol (NERP)  Reduces on-farm emissions of nitrous oxide in a quantifiable, credible and verifiable way that would allow farmers to earn carbon credits. (slideshare.net)
4. The electrode sensor of claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive substrate is selected from the group consisting of electrically conductive carbon, indium tin oxide, iridium oxide, nickel, platinum, silver, and gold. (google.co.uk)
We continuously measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds at our urban observatory in Innsbruck. (uibk.ac.at)
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the hafnium titanium oxide film by atomic layer deposition includes using precursors substantially free of carbon. (google.com)
Beaulieu and colleagues, say the global warming potential of nitrous oxide is 300-fold greater than carbon dioxide. (redorbit.com)

Teijin Engineering has developed a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration device for midsized ship engines to ensure compliance with the Tier III nitrogen oxides emissions regulation, which goes into effect in 2016. (environmentalleader.com)
As of 2016, nitrous oxide is covered by the Psychoactive Substances Act and is illegal to supply for its psychoactive effect. (talktofrank.com)

nitrous oxide or nitrogen (I) oxide, chemical compound, N 2 O, a colorless gas with a sweetish taste and odor. (factmonster.com)

Two centimeter-sized chunks of aurorite (a hydrated manganese silver calcium oxide) disseminated throughout calcite from the type locality of the Aurora Mine , Treasure Hill, Hamilton, White Pine County, Nevada. (cmu.edu)

Oxides are commonly classified as acidic or basic oxides or anhydrides. (factmonster.com)
From my recollection, acidic and basic oxides with water becomes two products. (physicsforums.com)

Oxides & Specialities Ltd. (business-standard.com)
Oxides & Specialities Ltd Statement of Investor Complaint under Reg. (business-standard.com)

Nitrous oxide (N 2 0) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. (encyclopedia.com)

The research team used a transmission electron microscope at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, to observe the behavior of a perovskite oxide exposed to water vapor. (eurekalert.org)
Take for example p-type conduction in perovskite oxides. (physicsforums.com)

Useful search terms for nitrous oxide include "dinitrogen monoxide," "hyponitrous acid anhydride," and "laughing gas. (cdc.gov)
NIOSHTIC-2 search results on nitrous oxide - NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Useful search terms for ethylene oxide include "dimethylene oxide," "1,2-epoxy ethane," and "oxirane. (cdc.gov)

Mixed oxide , abbreviated as MOX , refers to nuclear fuel consisting of uranium oxide and plutonium oxide for use in nuclear reactors. (europa.eu)

Control Technology for Ethylene oxide Sterilization in Hospitals -DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-120 (1989). (cdc.gov)
This report examines control methods and systems for Ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals. (cdc.gov)
NIOSH Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths From Explosions in Industrial Ethylene oxide Sterilization Facilities -DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-164. (cdc.gov)
Ethylene oxide sterilization is an important sterilization method that manufacturers widely use to keep medical devices safe. (fda.gov)
For ethylene oxide sterilization, two voluntary consensus standards (ANSI AAMI ISO 11135:2014 and ANSI AAMI ISO 10993-7:2008(R)2012) describe how to develop, validate, and control ethylene oxide sterilization processes for medical devices and the acceptable levels of residual ethylene oxide and ethylene chlorohydrin left on a device after it has undergone ethylene oxide sterilization. (fda.gov)

The second most important application of ethylene oxide is in the synthesis of ethyoxylates and ethanolamines, substances used in the production of synthetic detergents. (encyclopedia.com)
As such, papers may describe the synthesis of new oxide catalyst materials, spectroscopic or other characterization of the oxide surface, preferably under reaction conditions, mechanistic analysis of important reactions catalyzed by oxides with a goal of identifying active sites and active site changes, or theoretical/modeling efforts in support of these activities. (aiche.org)
In 1978, however, Amess et al showed that 24 h of nitrous oxide administration caused interference with DNA synthesis in humans. (erowid.org)

DUBLIN , Sept. 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The 'Opportunity Assessment of Graphene Oxide' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (prnewswire.com)
Nov. 8, 2019 -- The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed its first of two new rules to curb emissions of cancer -causing ethylene oxide. (webmd.com)
Women report being very satisfied with nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to manage labor pain, experiencing no adverse side effects to the baby, although over half of the women ultimately opted for an epidural or other pain management technique, suggests a study being presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2019 annual meeting. (news-medical.net)

Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions. (worldcat.org)
6: Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Catalytic Oxide Materials. (worldcat.org)

Exposure to high levels of nitrogen oxides can damage the respiratory airways. (cdc.gov)
Breathing high levels of nitrogen oxides can cause rapid burning, spasms, and swelling of tissues in the throat and upper respiratory tract, reduced oxygenation of body tissues, a build-up of fluid in your lungs, and death. (cdc.gov)
Because of the high levels of nitrogen oxide along the motorways of the Inn valley and the Brenner pass, driving bans and speed limits pursuant to the Austrian Clean Air Protection Act (IG-L) have already been introduced. (uibk.ac.at)

High Purity Ethylene oxide (HPEO) is a colourless, highly reactive and flammable gas at room temperature. (shell.com)
Propylene oxide (PO) is a colourless, reactive liquid used primarily as a building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivative products. (shell.com)
Nitrous oxide is a colourless gas that's most commonly found in pressurised metal canisters. (talktofrank.com)

The highly successful performances showed the uninhibiting effects of nitrous oxide on audience volunteers eager to try the gas. (encyclopedia.com)

A dielectric layer containing a hafnium tantalum oxide film and a method of fabricating such a dielectric layer produce a dielectric layer for use in a variety of electronic devices. (google.de)
Embodiments of a dielectric layer containing a hafnium titanium oxide film structured as one or more monolayers include the dielectric layer disposed in an integrated circuit. (google.com)

6. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes a nanolaminate containing the hafnium tantalum oxide layer. (google.de)

Vanadium is found mainly by atomic substitution in magnetite, a major oxide ore mineral of iron. (britannica.com)

Workers employed in facilities that produce nitric acid or certain explosives like dynamite and trinitrotoluene (TNT), as well as workers involved in the welding of metals may breath in nitrogen oxides during their work. (cdc.gov)
Many of the metals form oxides. (factmonster.com)
Medical devices made from certain polymers (plastic or resin), metals, or glass, or that have multiple layers of packaging or hard-to-reach places (for example, catheters) are likely to be sterilized with ethylene oxide. (fda.gov)
Can molten metals dissolve metal oxides, or vice versa? (physicsforums.com)

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in patients with significant respiratory compromise. (medscape.com)

A larger scale sensor utilizing porphyrin and cationic exchanger deposited on larger fibers or wires, platinum mesh or tin indium oxide layered on glass, can also be employed when measurement of NO concentration in chemical media, tissue or cell culture is desired. (google.co.uk)
MIR 9000 CLD includes a built-in chemiluminescence module for the measurement of low to ultra-low concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a paramagnetic sensor for O2 measurements. (environmental-expert.com)
This material reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 25 to 45 per cent, said prof. Jos Brouwers in his inaugural lecture last Friday. (tue.nl)
Atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration has increased by some 20 percent over the past century, and continues to rise at a rate of about 0.2 to 0.3 percent per year. (redorbit.com)
Because 105% alveolar concentration is needed to induce general anesthesia when nitrous oxide is used as a sole anesthetic agent, it is ineffective as a single agent for general anesthesia. (medscape.com)

Propylene oxide is a chemical building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivatives including polyols and propylene glycols. (shell.com)
Shell chemicals companies are leading players in propylene oxide and its principal derivatives - polyether polyols and propylene glycols. (shell.com)
Foams in furniture and car seats, artificial sports tracks, building insulation, waterproof clothing and aircraft de-icers are just some of the many ultimate applications of propylene oxide. (shell.com)
An object of this invention is to provide a very distinctive and valuable rubbery substance by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing monomers having an 1,2-epoxy group such as, for example, propylene oxide or epichlorohydrin. (google.com)

Although Priestley is credited with discovering nitrous oxide, another scientist recognized the potential value of its numbing and intoxicating effects. (encyclopedia.com)

Workers may be harmed from exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
NIOSH Update - NIOSH Warns: Nitrous Oxide Continues to Threaten Health Care Workers - DHHS (NIOSH) (1994) - NIOSH warns that even with preventive measures such as scavenging systems in place workers may be at risk for serious health effects due to their exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
Mandatory nitrous horror story: Layzer (in (1978) "Myeloneuropathy after prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide," _Lancet_ 2:1227) reports a case of 15 people who had been inhaling nitrous oxide for long periods of time and developed a condition resembling subacture combined degneration of the cord, whatever that means. (erowid.org)

Zinc oxide is an ingredient in many products. (medlineplus.gov)
Zinc oxide overdose occurs when someone eats one of these products. (medlineplus.gov)
Zinc oxide can cause symptoms if it is eaten, or if its fumes are breathed in. (medlineplus.gov)
Other products may also contain zinc oxide. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of the harmful effects of zinc oxide come from breathing in the gas form of zinc oxide at industrial sites in the chemical or welding industry. (medlineplus.gov)
If someone swallows a lot of zinc oxide, give them water or milk right away. (medlineplus.gov)
Zinc oxide is not very poisonous if it is eaten. (medlineplus.gov)
A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle photodetector was fabricated using a simple method. (hindawi.com)
Zinc Oxide Shiseido may be available in the countries listed below. (drugs.com)

If you were to come into skin or eye contact with high concentrations of nitrogen oxide gases or nitrogen dioxide liquid, you would likely experience serious burns. (cdc.gov)
In the 1700s and the 1800s, chemists, doctors, and dentists in Europe and the United States experimented with three different anesthetic gases: nitrous oxide, ether (EETH-uhr), and chloroform (KLOR-uh-form). (encyclopedia.com)
A research report titled "Inhalant Abuse," prepared by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and updated in 2005, noted that "nitrous oxide is the most abused of these [three] gases. (encyclopedia.com)
The inert gases do not form oxides. (factmonster.com)
Vehicle exhaust gases contain nitrogen oxides (NOx), which cause acid rain and smog. (tue.nl)

Water is the oxide of hydrogen. (factmonster.com)
In addition to our traditional focus on solid state proton conductors, which show potential for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen sensors, we are currently also working on other classes of hydrogen containing oxides, such as hydride-ion conductors and materials used to store hydrogen, as well as oxide phosphors for their future application in solid-state lighting devices. (chalmers.se)
Formula For Hydrogen Oxide? (yahoo.com)
So water is Hydrogen Oxide? (yahoo.com)
H2O is water It could also be calssified as Hydrogen Oxide. (yahoo.com)
The simplest and best systematic name of water is hydrogen oxide. (yahoo.com)
This is analogous to related compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and deuterium oxide (heavy water). (yahoo.com)
Medical devices are sterilized in a variety of ways including using moist heat (steam), dry heat, radiation, ethylene oxide gas, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and other sterilization methods (for example, chlorine dioxide gas, vaporized peracetic acid, and nitrogen dioxide). (fda.gov)

Anguil provides a broad line of technologically advanced, yet user-friendly air pollution control products for the abatement of industrial emissions like Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and process odors. (environmental-expert.com)

Nitrous oxide is small inorganic chemical molecule and may also be known as dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide. (medscape.com)

Magnesium oxide ( Mg O ), or magnesia , is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide ). (wikipedia.org)
If rust development or flaking occurs, black oxide should be removed from the object. (ehow.com)
Nitrous oxide occurs naturally in the atmosphere and is a greenhouse gas. (dictionary.com)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that inhalation exposure to ethylene oxide is carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
In 1844, Horace Wells, a native of Vermont, discovered that the inhalation of nitrous-oxide gas produces anaesthesia. (dictionary.com)
Nitrous oxide is administered by inhalation, absorbed by diffusion through the lungs, and eliminated via respiration. (medscape.com)

Some of the nonmedical uses of nitrous oxide include the semiconductor industry, car racing, and food processing. (medscape.com)

LSB Industries Inc., the largest merchant manufacturer of concentrated nitric acid in North America, will pay an estimated $6.3 million to $11.7 million to meet nitrogen oxide emission limits that are among the lowest for the industry in the US, the EPA and Department of Justice announced today. (environmentalleader.com)
This result is relatively representative for the whole city," says Karl who points out the far-reaching relevance of the results: "Even newer atmospheric models are based on emission inventories that underestimate nitrogen oxide emission levels up to a factor of four. (uibk.ac.at)
The actual nitrogen oxide emission levels may be four times higher than predicted in the some models. (uibk.ac.at)

Oxides and hydroxides are a large and diverse group of ore minerals. (britannica.com)

Workers exposed to high concentrations of ethylene oxide for short and long amounts of time reported having effects such as headaches, memory loss, numbness, nausea, and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
The new CLD 62 nitrogen oxide analyzer is the economical solution for the continuous measurement of NO and NOX concentrations in fixed or mobile applications. (environmental-expert.com)
The analysis of the data of a three months long measurement campaign, which took place in 2015 and is now published in Scientific Reports , shows two main sources for nitrogen oxide concentrations in the Innsbruck air: traffic and residential combustion, with traffic accounting for more than 80 % of the nitrogen oxide emissions in the surroundings of the test station at the University. (uibk.ac.at)
Nitrogen oxide is toxic in higher concentrations and classified as hazardous air pollutant. (uibk.ac.at)
Rates of nitrous oxide production via denitrification in small streams increase with nitrate concentrations. (redorbit.com)

Nitrous oxide converts the cobalt from the monovalent form to the bivalent form. (erowid.org)
The air purifying concrete contains titanium dioxide, a photocatalytic material that removes the nitrogen oxides from the air and converts them with the aid of sunlight into harmless nitrate. (tue.nl)
It happens via a microbial process called denitrification, which converts nitrogen to nitrous oxide and an inert gas called dinitrogen. (redorbit.com)