Nitric Oxide Synthase
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
Oxides
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
Zinc Oxide
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester
Nitrites
Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Enzyme Inhibitors
Nitrates
Chorioretinitis
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine
Cyclic GMP
Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Nitroprusside
Penicillamine
Endolymph
Ferrosoferric Oxide
Magnesium Oxide
Vasodilation
Molsidomine
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Fluorescamine
Estrenes
Aluminum Oxide
Cells, Cultured
Rats, Wistar
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
S-Nitrosothiols
Deuterium Oxide
Magnetite Nanoparticles
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
NADPH Dehydrogenase
Enzyme Induction
Peroxynitrous Acid
4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide
Superoxides
Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Acetylcholine
Free Radical Scavengers
Guanidines
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Administration, Inhalation
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Oxygen
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
Vasoconstriction
Oxidative Stress
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Triazenes
Arginase
Graphite
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Epoxy Compounds
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Echinococcus multilocularis
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Blotting, Western
Endothelial Cells
Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Hemodynamics
Superoxide Dismutase
Bradykinin
A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.
Immunohistochemistry
Indomethacin
Reactive Nitrogen Species
Vascular Resistance
Aorta, Thoracic
Arterioles
Macrophage Activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.
Enzyme Activation
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Rabbits
Lung
Interleukin-1
A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.
Cerium
Macrophages, Peritoneal
Metal Nanoparticles
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Isoenzymes
Nanoparticles
Nitro Compounds
Glutathione
Hydrogen Peroxide
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.
Cyclooxygenase 2
Isoflurane
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Analysis of Variance
Tyrosine
Kidney
Hemoglobins
Dextrans
Imidazoles
Pulmonary Artery
Phenylephrine
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Endothelin-1
A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)
Nitric Acid
Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Myocardium
NF-kappa B
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Biological Factors
Cell Survival
Dogs
Prostaglandins
Vasomotor System
Free Radicals
Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.
Oxyhemoglobins
Nitrite Reductases
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Genetic Pleiotropy
Mesenteric Arteries
Thiourea
A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome
A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).
Plant Extracts
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Oxidants
Heme
Drug Interactions
Hyperemia
Up-Regulation
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Styrenes
Dinoprostone
Gases
The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Spin Trapping
A technique for detecting short-lived reactive FREE RADICALS in biological systems by providing a nitrone or nitrose compound for an addition reaction to occur which produces an ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY-detectable aminoxyl radical. In spin trapping, the compound trapping the radical is called the spin trap and the addition product of the radical is identified as the spin adduct. (Free Rad Res Comm 1990;9(3-6):163)
Sterilization
Phosphorylation
Neurons
Benzoates
Iron
Spermine
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Factor XI
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Oxygen Consumption
Gene Expression
Blood Vessels
NADPH Oxidase
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.
Hemeproteins
Titanium
Xanthine Oxidase
Liver
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Muscle Contraction
Reperfusion Injury
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
Retinoic acid, but not arsenic trioxide, degrades the PLZF/RARalpha fusion protein, without inducing terminal differentiation or apoptosis, in a RA-therapy resistant t(11;17)(q23;q21) APL patient. (1/1663)
Primary blasts of a t(11;17)(q23;q21) acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patient were analysed with respect to retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3) sensitivity as well as PLZF/RARalpha status. Although RA induced partial monocytic differentiation ex vivo, but not in vivo, As203 failed to induce apoptosis in culture, contrasting with t(15;17) APL and arguing against the clinical use of As203 in t(11;17)(q23;q21) APL. Prior to cell culture, PLZF/RARalpha was found to exactly co-localize with PML onto PML nuclear bodies. However upon cell culture, it quickly shifted towards microspeckles, its localization found in transfection experiments. Arsenic trioxide, known to induce aggregation of PML nuclear bodies, left the microspeckled PLZF/RARalpha localization completely unaffected. RA treatment led to PLZF/RARalpha degradation. However, this complete PLZF/RARalpha degradation was not accompanied by differentiation or apoptosis, which could suggest a contribution of the reciprocal RARalpha/PLZF fusion product in leukaemogenesis or the existence of irreversible changes induced by the chimera. (+info)Determination of the anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide di- and trihexoside by chromium trioxide oxidation. (2/1663)
The anomeric configurations of Corbicula ceramide dihexoside and ceramide trihexoside were determined by chromium trioxide oxidation and the structures of these lipids were shown to be Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide and Man-alpha(1 leads to 4)-Man-beta(1 leads to 4)-Glc-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide. These results are compatible with those obtained by enzymic hydrolysis reported previously. (+info)A functional model for O-O bond formation by the O2-evolving complex in photosystem II. (3/1663)
The formation of molecular oxygen from water in photosynthesis is catalyzed by photosystem II at an active site containing four manganese ions that are arranged in di-mu-oxo dimanganese units (where mu is a bridging mode). The complex [H2O(terpy)Mn(O)2Mn(terpy)OH2](NO3)3 (terpy is 2,2':6', 2"-terpyridine), which was synthesized and structurally characterized, contains a di-mu-oxo manganese dimer and catalyzes the conversion of sodium hypochlorite to molecular oxygen. Oxygen-18 isotope labeling showed that water is the source of the oxygen atoms in the molecular oxygen evolved, and so this system is a functional model for photosynthetic water oxidation. (+info)Arsenic trioxide and melarsoprol induce apoptosis in plasma cell lines and in plasma cells from myeloma patients. (4/1663)
Recent data have renewed the interest for arsenic-containing compounds as anticancer agents. In particular, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been demonstrated to be an effective drug in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia by inducing programmed cell death in leukemic cells both in vitro and in vivo. This prompted us to study the in vitro effects of As2O3 and of another arsenical derivative, the organic compound melarsoprol, on human myeloma cells and on the plasma cell differentiation of normal B cells. At pharmacological concentrations (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L), As2O3 and melarsoprol caused a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of survival and growth in myeloma cell lines that was, in some, similar to that of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Both arsenical compounds induced plasma cell apoptosis, as assessed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, detection of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface using annexin V, and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay. As2O3 and melarsoprol also inhibited viability and growth and induced apoptosis in plasma-cell enriched preparations from the bone marrow or blood of myeloma patients. In nonseparated bone marrow samples, both arsenical compounds triggered death in myeloma cells while sparing most myeloid cells, as demonstrated by double staining with annexin V and CD38 or CD15 antibodies. In primary myeloma cells as in cell lines, interleukin 6 did not prevent arsenic-induced cell death or growth inhibition, and no synergistic effect was observed with IFN-alpha. In contrast to As2O3, melarsoprol only slightly reduced the plasma cell differentiation of normal B cells induced by pokeweed mitogen. Both pokeweed mitogen-induced normal plasma cells and malignant plasma cells showed a normal nuclear distribution of PML protein, which was disrupted by As2O3 but not by melarsoprol, suggesting that the two arsenical derivatives acted by different mechanisms. These results point to the use of arsenical derivatives as investigational drugs in the treatment of multiple myeloma. (+info)A physiological barrier distal to the anatomic blood-brain barrier in a model of transvascular delivery. (5/1663)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides a method for transvascular delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. The apparent global delivery of viral-sized iron oxide particles to the rat brain after BBB opening as seen on MR images was compared with the cellular and subcellular location and distribution of the particles. METHODS: Two dextran-coated superparamagnetic monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agents, MION and Feridex, were administered intraarterially in rats at 10 mg Fe/kg immediately after osmotic opening of the BBB with hyperosmolar mannitol. After 2 to 24 hours, iron distribution in the brain was evaluated first with MR imaging then by histochemical analysis and electron microscopy to assess perivascular and intracellular distribution. RESULTS: After BBB opening, MR images showed enhancement throughout the disrupted hemisphere for both Feridex and MION. Feridex histochemical staining was found in capillaries of the disrupted hemisphere. Electron microscopy showed that the Feridex particles passed the capillary endothelial cells but did not cross beyond the basement membrane. In contrast, after MION delivery, iron histochemistry was detected within cell bodies in the disrupted hemisphere, and the electron-dense MION core was detected intracellularly and extracellularly in the neuropil. CONCLUSION: MR images showing homogeneous delivery to the brain at the macroscopic level did not indicate delivery at the microscopic level. These data support the presence of a physiological barrier at the basal lamina, analogous to the podocyte in the kidney, distal to the anatomic (tight junction) BBB, which may limit the distribution of some proteins and viral particles after transvascular delivery to the brain. (+info)Comparison of ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced T2-weighted, conventional T2-weighted, and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR images in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (6/1663)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ultrasmall particles of iron oxide (USPIO) constitute a contrast agent that accumulates in cells from the mononuclear phagocytic system. In the CNS they may accumulate in phagocytic cells such as macrophages. The goal of this study was to compare USPIO-enhanced MR images with conventional T2-weighted images and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Nine rats with EAE and four control rats were imaged at 4.7 T and 1.5 T with conventional T1- and T2-weighted sequences, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequences, and T2-weighted sequences obtained 24 hours after intravenous injection of a USPIO contrast agent, AMI-227. Histologic examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin stain, Perls' stain for iron, and ED1 immunohistochemistry for macrophages. RESULTS: USPIO-enhanced images showed a high sensitivity (8/9) for detecting EAE lesions, whereas poor sensitivity was obtained with T2-weighted images (1/9) and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (0/9). All the MR findings in the control rats were negative. Histologic examination revealed the presence of macrophages at the site where abnormalities were seen on USPIO-enhanced images. CONCLUSION: The high sensitivity of USPIO for macrophage activity relative to other imaging techniques is explained by the histologic findings of numerous perivascular cell infiltrates, including macrophages, in EAE. This work supports the possibility of intracellular USPIO transport to the CNS by monocytes/macrophages, which may have future implications for imaging of human inflammatory diseases. (+info)Iron reductase for magnetite synthesis in the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum. (7/1663)
Ferric iron reductase was purified from magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum (formerly Aquaspirillum) magnetotacticum (ATCC 31632) to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The enzyme was loosely bound on the cytoplasmic face of the cytoplasmic membrane and was found more frequently in magnetic cells than in nonmagnetic cells. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was calculated upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be about 36 kDa, almost the same as that calibrated by gel filtration analysis. The enzyme required NADH and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as optimal electron donor and cofactor, respectively, and the activity was strongly inhibited by Zn2+ acting as a partial mixed-type inhibitor. The Km values for NADH and FMN were 4.3 and 0. 035 microM, respectively, and the Ki values for Zn2+ were 19.2 and 23.9 microM for NADH and FMN, respectively. When the bacterium was grown in the presence of ZnSO4, the magnetosome number in the cells and the ferric iron reductase activity declined in parallel with an increase in the ZnSO4 concentration of the medium, suggesting that the ferric iron reductase purified in the present study may participate in magnetite synthesis. (+info)Evidence of a cyclooxygenase-related prostaglandin synthesis in coral. The allene oxide pathway is not involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. (8/1663)
Certain corals are rich natural sources of prostaglandins, the metabolic origin of which has remained undefined. By analogy with the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase pathway to jasmonic acid in plants, the presence of (8R)-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase in the coral Plexaura homomalla suggested a potential metabolic route to prostaglandins (Brash, A. R., Baertshi, S. W., Ingram, C.D., and Harris, T. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15829-15839). Other evidence, from the Arctic coral Gersemia fruticosa, has indicated a cyclooxygenase intermediate in the biosynthesis (Varvas, K., Koljak, R., Jarving, I., Pehk, T., and Samel, N. (1994) Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 8267-8270). In the present study, active preparations of G. fruticosa have been used to identify both types of arachidonic acid metabolism and specific inhibitors were used to establish the enzyme type involved in the prostaglandin biosynthesis. The synthesis of prostaglandins and (11R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was inhibited by mammalian cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, aspirin, and tolfenamic acid), while the formation of the products of the 8-lipoxygenase/allene oxide pathway was not affected or was increased. The specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, did not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in coral. We conclude that coral uses two parallel routes for the initial oxidation of polyenoic acids: the cyclooxygenase route, which leads to optically active prostaglandins, and the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase metabolism, the role of which remains to be established. An enzyme related to mammalian cyclooxygenases is the key to prostaglandin synthesis in coral. Based on our inhibitor data, the catalytic site of this evolutionary early cyclooxygenase appears to differ significantly from both known mammalian cyclooxygenases. (+info)
Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis through oxidative stress in cells of colon cancer cell lines<...
Arsenic trioxide: Its use in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia<...
Cytarabine in Combination With Arsenic Trioxide vs. Cytarabine Alone in Elderly Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Tabular...
Study of NRX 195183 Therapy for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Small Cell Lung Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Arsenic Trioxide - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | RxWiki
Teva Announces U.S. FDA Approval of TRISENOX® (arsenic trioxide) Injection for First Line Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic...
Teva Announces U.S. FDA Approval of TRISENOX® (arsenic trioxide) Injection for First Line Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic...
Inhibition of mitochondrial protein translation sensitizes melanoma cells to arsenic trioxide cytotoxicity via a reactive...
arsenic trioxide Intravenous - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Teva Receives FDA Priority Review for First Line Use of TRISENOX® (arsenic trioxide) in Patients with Low to Intermediate Risk...
Trisenox (Arsenic Trioxide Injection): Side Effects, Interactions, Warning, Dosage & Uses
Evaluation of Arsenic Trioxide Potential for Lung Cancer Treatment: ASSessment of Apoptotic Mechanisms and Oxidative Damage -...
Arsenic trioxide - An old drug re... preview & related info | Mendeley
PRIME PubMed | Arsenic Trioxide, Itraconazole, All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Nicotinamide: A Proof of Concept for Combined...
Arsenic trioxide in ovarian cancer | [email protected]
Arsenic trioxide in the mechanism of drug resistance reversal in MCF-7/ADM cell line of human breast cancer.
Figure 4 | Arsenic Trioxide Suppresses Tumor Growth through Antiangiogenesis via Notch Signaling Blockade in Small-Cell Lung...
Clinical Trial | Arsenic Trioxide, Temozolomide, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Malignant Glioma That Has Been...
Arsenic Trioxide - Manufacturer,Supplier,Exporter
Effective treatment for rare leukemia
ATRA-arsenic new standard of care for APL - PM360
Legal Notice | TRISENOX® (arsenic trioxide) injection
Background Lung tumor is among the most lethal and common malignancies - HDAC Inhibition for the Disruption of Latent HIV-1...
CAS No.1309-64-4,Diantimony trioxide Suppliers,MSDS download
Although particular combination therapies comprising arsenic trioxide (As2O3) with other agents
Arsenic Trioxide in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Trisenox Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com
Background The tumor associated antigen (TAA) gp100 was one of the | Nutlin-3 overcomes arsenic trioxide resistance and tumor...
Arsenic trioxide disrupts glioma stem cells via promoting PML degradation to inhibit tumor growth | Oncotarget
Arsenic trioxide - toxicity, ecological toxicity and regulatory information
Trioxide, bis(trifluoromethyl)
Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Reactions Only Involving Carbon-To-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ultrasonic transducers and methods for forming the same - Butterfly Network, Inc.
Global Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD) for Batteries Market Forecast 2017 to 2021- Tronox Limited(US), Cegasa(ES) -...
Nano-sized manganese oxide particles prepared by low-pressure spray pyrolysis using FEAG process<...
Biotransformation of manganese oxides by fungi: solubilization and production of manganese oxalate biominerals<...
Activated Manganese Dioxide (MnO2)
Manganese Oxide in Vadodara,Manganese Oxide Manufacturers and Suppliers from india
Size control of arsenic trioxide nanocrystals grown in nanowells<...
Author: Bhat, Ritesh Ashok / Degree Level: Doctoral / Type: Theses / Language: English / Subject: Metal oxide semiconductors,...
Phys.org - complementary metal oxide semiconductor
Manganese Oxide (MnO) - Demand and Sales Forecasts, Market Share, Market Size, Market Trends - Webnewswire
New Retinoid Agent Combined With Arsenic Trioxide for Untreated Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - CheckOrphan
Tretinoin and Arsenic Trioxide in Treating Patients With Untreated Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
birm manganese dioxide
QUANTITATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL (MANGANESE DIOXIDE) ADMINISTERED INTRAVENOUSLY TO THE CAT | JEM
CR17450 3.0V Lithium Manganese Dioxide Battery 2000mah - 2200mah Capacity
Cluster size and composition dependent water deprotonation by free manganese oxide clusters. | Phys Chem Chem Phys;18(23):...
Manganese Dioxide - Business Matching Site(Database) TTPP - JETRO
Graphene and Graphene Oxide - Carbon Nanomaterials | Sigma-Aldrich
Temas para TCC Electrocatalytic Oxidation Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution with Metal Oxides Doped Carbon Aerogel -...
CMOS sensor (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconduct - SWPP
What is Graphene Oxide | NanoGraphene.org
Building a Better Capacitor with Custom Nanorods | InterNano
Manganese Oxide Particles as Cytoprotective, Oxygen Generating Agents by Mohammad Hossein Tootoonchi, Mazdak Hashempour et al.
Targeting metabolism with arsenic trioxide and dichloroacetate in breast cancer cells | Molecular Cancer | Full Text
AAML1331 | Memorial Healthcare System
Methane-eating Microbes Could Use Iron And Manganese Oxides To Breathe - Redorbit
Laboratory spectral induced polarisation signatures associated with iron and manganese oxide dissolution because of anaerobic...
Manganese Oxide / Dioxide in Nagpur, Maharashtra - H. P. ORE PROCESSORS PRIVATE LIMITED
Global Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Sales Market Report 2017 : ReportsnReports
MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) Physics and Technology
Cobalt oxide Manufacturers & Suppliers, China cobalt oxide Manufacturers & Factories
Sensors | Free Full-Text | Machine Learning Based Single-Frame Super-Resolution Processing for Lensless Blood Cell Counting
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia, all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic. - Free Online Library
Trisenox Approved as First-Line Tx for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - MPR
Manganese dioxide-induced permeability reduction of porous media durin by Jaspreet. Randhawa
3D hierarchical flower-like nickel ferrite/manganese dioxide toward lead (II) removal from aqueous water. | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
2-Methoxyestradiol Induces Mitotic Arrest, Apoptosis, and Synergistic Cytotoxicity with Arsenic Trioxide in Human Urothelial...
Clinical Application Study of Transarterial Chemoembolization Containing Arsenic Trioxide in the Treatment of Hepatocellular...
M52 EX SV | Saft 3V Lithium Manganese Dioxide C Battery With Standard Terminal Type | RS Components
Energizer MAX E92LP-16 Multipurpose Battery - AAA - Alkaline Manganese Dioxide - 16 Pack - Jewel-Osco
manganese dioxide Supplier - Thomas Baker (Chemicals) Pvt. Ltd
Graphene oxide membrane is 10 billion times more permeable to water than to helium | NextBigFuture.com
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide GO by Modified Hummers Method and Its Thermal Reduction to Obtain Reduced Graphene Oxide rGO* - pdf...
Graphene oxide paper could spawn a new class of materials
Modification of standard CMOS technology for cell-based biosensors<...
Bismuth
3.[21][41] When molten, at temperatures above 710 °C, this oxide corrodes any metal oxide, and even platinum.[33] On reaction ... The dark red bismuth(V) oxide, Bi. 2O. 5, is unstable, liberating O. 2 gas upon heating.[43] The compound NaBiO3 is a strong ... When burned in oxygen, bismuth burns with a blue flame and its oxide forms yellow fumes.[15] Its toxicity is much lower than ... Oxides and sulfides[edit]. At elevated temperatures, the vapors of the metal combine rapidly with oxygen, forming the yellow ...
Surfactant
Amine oxides[edit]. *Lauryldimethylamine oxide. See also[edit]. .mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw- ... Polypropylene oxides conversely, may be inserted to increase the lipophilic character of a surfactant. ... The polyether groups often comprise ethoxylated (polyethylene oxide-like) sequences inserted to increase the hydrophilic ...
Palladium(II) oxide
... is the inorganic compound of formula PdO. It is the only well characterised oxide of palladium.[1] It is ... The oxide is obtained as a black powder. The oxide also may be prepared specially for catalytic use by heating variously a ... The brown hydrated oxide converts to black anhydrous oxide on heating. Its susceptibility to attack by acids decreases at lower ... Nickel(II) oxide Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa ...
Silver
The hydroxide AgOH exists only in solution; otherwise it spontaneously decomposes to the oxide.) Silver(I) oxide is very easily ... oxide of formula AgIAgIIIO2. Some other mixed oxides with silver in non-integral oxidation states, namely Ag2O3 and Ag3O4, are ... The liquid lead oxide is removed or absorbed by capillary action into the hearth linings.[79][80][81] ... For instance, 15% silver supported on α-Al2O3 or silicates is a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide at 230 ...
Chromium(III) oxide
... (or chromia) is an inorganic compound with the formula Cr. 2O. 3. It is one of the principal oxides of ... Chromates can be formed by the oxidation of chromium(III) oxide and another oxide in a basic environment: 2 Cr. 2O. 3 + 4 MO + ... Unlike the classic thermite reaction involving iron oxides, the chromium oxide thermite creates few or no sparks, smoke or ... 3 has the corundum structure, consisting of a hexagonal close packed array of oxide anions with 2⁄3 of the octahedral holes ...
Sodium hydroxide
Reaction with acidic oxides[edit]. Sodium hydroxide also reacts with acidic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide. Such reactions are ... oxide, sodium metal, and hydrogen gas[21]. This is due to the lower enthalpy of formation of iron(III) oxide (-824.2kJ/mol[22] ... Reaction with amphoteric metals and oxides[edit]. Glass reacts slowly with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at ambient ... aluminium oxide) which is the raw material used to produce aluminium metal via the electrolytic Hall-Héroult process. Since the ...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Nitric oxide[edit]. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) selectively widens the lung's arteries which allows for more blood flow to open ... Despite evidence of increased oxygenation status, there is no evidence that inhaled nitric oxide decreases morbidity and ... "Inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome regardless of severity: ... mortality in people with ARDS.[20] Furthermore, nitric oxide may cause kidney damage and is not recommended as therapy for ARDS ...
Thermophotovoltaic
Rare-earth oxides[edit]. Rare-earth oxides such as ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3) and erbium oxide (Er2O3) are the most commonly used ... These oxides emit a narrow band of wavelengths in the near-infrared region, allowing the tailoring of the emission spectra to ... At operating temperatures below 1700 °C, selective emission of rare-earth oxides is fairly low, resulting in a further decrease ...
Noble metal
Oxides[edit]. Oxide melting points, °C Element. I. II. III. IV. VI. VII ... The oxides are readily decomposed by heat in consequence of the feeble affinity between the metal and oxygen."[29]. Smith, ... Palladium oxide PdO can be reduced to palladium metal by exposing it to hydrogen in ambient conditions[10] ... Hämäläinen J, Ritala M, Leskelä M 2013, "Atomic layer deposition of noble metals and their oxides", Chemistry of Materials, vol ...
Amphoterism
Amphoteric oxides and hydroxides[4][edit]. Amphoteric oxides[edit]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) reacts with both acids and with bases: *In ... Amphoteric oxides include lead oxide and zinc oxide, among many others. One type of amphoteric species are amphiprotic ... Metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to produce salts and water are known as amphoteric oxides. ... Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states of the oxide. Al2O3 is an example of an amphoteric oxide. ...
Chlorine
... oxides. Yellow chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas above a yellow chlorine dioxide solution. Solutions of pure chlorine ... The chlorine oxides are well-studied in spite of their instability (all of them are endothermic compounds). They are important ... Carl Wilhelm Scheele wrote a description of chlorine gas in 1774, supposing it to be an oxide of a new element. In 1809, ... Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was the first chlorine oxide to be discovered in 1811 by Humphry Davy. It is a yellow paramagnetic gas ...
Tin(II) oxide
... (stannous oxide) is a compound with the formula SnO. It is composed of tin and oxygen where tin has the oxidation ... Cerium(III) oxide in ceramic form, together with Tin(II) oxide (SnO) is used for illumination with UV light.[17] ... This method is also applied to the production of ferrous oxide and manganous oxide.[5][6] ... Stannous oxide may also be employed as a reducing agent and in the creation of ruby glass.[16] It has a minor use as an ...
Curium
Oxides[edit]. Curium readily reacts with oxygen forming mostly Cm2O3 and CmO2 oxides,[48] but the divalent oxide CmO is also ... oxide (PuO2) by annealing. Following cyclotron irradiation of the oxide, the coating was dissolved with nitric acid and then ... Furthermore, a number of ternary oxides of the type M(II)CmO3 are known, where M stands for a divalent metal, such as barium.[ ... Another possibility is the reduction of curium(IV) oxide using a magnesium-zinc alloy in a melt of magnesium chloride and ...
Caesium
2O) forms yellow-orange hexagonal crystals,[35] and is the only oxide of the anti-CdCl. 2 type.[36] It vaporizes at 250 °C (482 ... The phosphate,[27] acetate, carbonate, halides, oxide, nitrate, and sulfate salts are water-soluble. Double salts are often ... 2O). The aluminium sulfate component is converted to insoluble aluminium oxide by roasting the alum with carbon, and the ... 2 is the main product.[34] The "normal" caesium oxide (Cs. ... 3] and others are the several suboxides (see section on oxides ...
Sulfur dioxide
Reduction of higher oxides[edit]. Sulfur dioxide can also be a byproduct in the manufacture of calcium silicate cement; CaSO4 ... In particular, calcium oxide (lime) reacts with sulfur dioxide to form calcium sulfite: CaO + SO2 → CaSO3. Aerobic oxidation of ... Redox processes using iron oxides can also be used, for example, Lo-Cat[43] or Sulferox.[44] ...
Climate change in New Zealand
Nitrous oxide[edit]. Nitrous oxide is emitted primarily from agriculture, but also comes from industrial processes and fossil ... and nitrous oxide (from 1997) at Baring Head.[25] More than 80% of methane emissions in New Zealand come from enteric ... and nitrous oxide (N2O) by 27.6%. hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have also gone up. Emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have ... except for agricultural methane and nitrous oxide. The carbon tax policy was intended to be a precursor to emissions trading ...
Ytterbium
Oxides[edit]. Ytterbium reacts with oxygen to form ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3), which crystallizes in the "rare-earth C-type ... The metal is extracted from the solution as oxalate and converted to oxide by heating. The oxide is reduced to metal by heating ... As ytterbium(III) oxide has a significantly higher emissivity in the infrared range than magnesium oxide, a higher radiant ... oxide can be reduced to ytterbium(II) oxide (YbO) with elemental ytterbium, which crystallizes in the same structure as sodium ...
Magnesium oxide
... is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices. Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, ... Magnesium oxide has poor solubility in water and is poorly absorbed from the gut. For this reason, magnesium oxide is ... Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of ... Magnesium oxide for the Animal Feed Industry. lehvoss.de *^ "Mass Deacidification: Saving the Written Word". Library of ...
Endothelial dysfunction
Nitric oxide[edit]. This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. ... Gilani M, Kaiser DR, Bratteli CW, Alinder C, Rajala Bank AJ, Cohn JN (2007). "Role of nitric oxide deficiency and its detection ... Nitric oxide (NO) suppresses platelet aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell migration and ... such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin, and controlling local angiotensin-II activity.[1][2] ...
Sodium
When burned in air, it forms primarily sodium peroxide with some sodium oxide.[19] ... be stored under a dry inert gas atmosphere or anhydrous mineral oil to prevent the formation of a surface layer of sodium oxide ... temperature and pressure is a soft silvery metal that combines with oxygen in the air and forms grayish white sodium oxide ...
Titanium
Oxides, sulfides, and alkoxides. The most important oxide is TiO2, which exists in three important polymorphs; anatase, ... iron oxide (explaining the attraction to the magnet) and 45.25% of a white metallic oxide he could not identify.[22] Realizing ... It is present as oxides in most igneous rocks, in sediments derived from them, in living things, and natural bodies of water.[6 ... Titanium may be anodized to vary the thickness of the surface oxide layer, causing optical interference fringes and a variety ...
Oxygen
2, as found in granite and quartz), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al. 2O. 3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron(III) oxide Fe. 2 ... Oxides and other inorganic compounds. Water (H. 2O) is an oxide of hydrogen and the most familiar oxygen compound. Hydrogen ... Oxides, such as iron oxide or rust, form when oxygen combines with other elements. ... He had produced oxygen gas by heating mercuric oxide (HgO) and various nitrates in 1771-72.[14][15][6] Scheele called the gas " ...
Nitrogen
They are readily reduced to nitrous oxide and nitric oxide by sulfur dioxide, to hyponitrous acid with tin(II), and to ammonia ... Nitrogen forms nine molecular oxides, some of which were the first gases to be identified: N2O (nitrous oxide), NO (nitric ... Nitrous oxide (N2O), better known as laughing gas, is made by thermal decomposition of molten ammonium nitrate at 250 °C. This ... One other possible oxide that has not yet been synthesised is oxatetrazole (N4O), an aromatic ring.[57] ...
Scandium
Oxides and hydroxides[edit]. The oxide Sc. 2O. 3 and the hydroxide Sc(OH). 3 are amphoteric:[22] ... Nilson prepared 2 grams of scandium oxide of high purity.[31][32] He named the element scandium, from the Latin Scandia meaning ... α- and γ-ScOOH are isostructural with their aluminium hydroxide oxide counterparts.[23] Solutions of Sc3+. in water are acidic ... The world production of scandium is in the order of 15 tonnes per year, in the form of scandium oxide. The demand is about 50% ...
Ruthenium(IV) oxide
... is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium. It ... Ruthenium (IV) oxide is being used as the main component in the catalyst of the Sumitomo-Deacon process which produces chlorine ... Ruthenium oxide has great capacity to store charge when used in aqueous solutions.[12] Average capacities of ruthenium(IV) ... Helmut Vogt, Jan Balej, John E. Bennett, Peter Wintzer, Saeed Akbar Sheikh, Patrizio Gallone "Chlorine Oxides and Chlorine ...
Non-stoichiometric compound
Iron oxides[edit]. Nonstoichiometry is pervasive for metal oxides, especially when the metal is not in its highest oxidation ... Many metal oxides and sulfides have non-stoichiometric examples; for example, stoichiometric iron(II) oxide, which is rare, has ... Tungsten oxides[edit]. It is sometimes difficult to determine if a material is non-stoichiometric or if the formula is best ... Such catalysts rely on the ability of the metal oxide to form phases that are not stoichiometric.[4] An analogous sequence of ...
Graphene production techniques
Graphite oxide reduction[edit]. P. Boehm reported producing monolayer flakes of reduced graphene oxide in 1962.[6][7] Rapid ... Bacteria processing of graphene oxide[edit]. Graphene oxide can be converted to graphene using the bacteria Shewanella ... Reduction of graphite oxide monolayer films, e.g. by hydrazine with annealing in argon/hydrogen also yielded graphene films. ... The products of this reaction are carbon and magnesium oxide. US patent 8377408 was issued for this process.[94] ...
Lead(II,IV) oxide
... oxide: Pb3O4 + 4 HNO3 → PbO2 + 2 Pb(NO3)2 + 2 H2O. With iron oxides and with elemental iron, lead(II,IV) oxide forms insoluble ... Lead(II,IV) oxide is prepared by calcination of lead(II) oxide (PbO; also called litharge) in air at about 450-480 °C:[4] ... Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead is the inorganic compound with the formula Pb3O4. A bright red or orange solid, it is ... Lead(II,IV) oxide was used as a red pigment in ancient Rome, where it was prepared by calcination of white lead. In the ancient ...
User talk:Daniele Pugliesi
Ethylene oxide process diagram[edit]. Hello Daniele I study chemical engineering and I have been seeing your work about ... The information source is: "Ethylene Oxide", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (2002), chapter 4. I created by ... ethylene oxide process diagram and i would like to know where did you find the information to make that. Thanks for your healp ...
Transistor
Metal-oxide-semiconductor FET (MOSFET)[edit]. Main article: MOSFET. The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor ( ... Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), where the gate is insulated by a shallow layer of insulator *p-type ... "1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated". The Silicon Engine. Computer History Museum.. ... Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), showing gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The ...
Magnesium oxide - Wikipedia
Magnesium oxide is used as an oxide barrier in spin-tunneling devices. Owing to the crystalline structure of its thin films, ... Magnesium oxide has poor solubility in water and is poorly absorbed from the gut. For this reason, magnesium oxide is ... Magnesium oxide (MgO), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of ... Magnesium oxide for the Animal Feed Industry. lehvoss.de *^ "Mass Deacidification: Saving the Written Word". Library of ...
Nitric Oxide May Prolong Women's Fertility
Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and improve ... Nitric Oxide May Keep Eggs Young. In the study, published in the journal Biochemistry, researchers collected more than 1,500 ... 9, 2005 -- Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and ... A new study shows that exposure to nitric oxide delayed the signs of aging in mouse eggs, which, like eggs from older women, ...
5 Health Benefits of Nitric Oxide Supplements
Here are 5 benefits of nitric oxide supplements for health and performance. ... Supplements that increase nitric oxide in the body are incredibly popular. ... Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and one of the most important molecules for blood ... Nitric oxide is needed for the muscles in the penis to relax. This relaxation allows chambers inside the penis to fill with ...
Template talk:Oxides - Wikipedia
Category:Oxides - Wikimedia Commons
Nitrogen Oxides | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide have been found in at least 9 and 6 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by ... Exposure to high levels of nitrogen oxides can damage the respiratory airways. Contact with the skin or eyes can cause burns. ... Everybody is exposed to small amounts of nitrogen oxides in ambient air. Higher exposure may occur by burning wood or kerosene ... What are nitrogen oxides?. Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Two of the most ...
Metal oxides for optoelectronic applications | Nature Materials
Metal oxides (MOs) are the most abundant materials in the Earths crust and are ingredients in traditional ceramics. MO ... commercialization of amorphous oxide semiconductors for flat panel displays. This Review surveys the uniqueness and ... including the discovery and characterization of new transparent conducting oxides, realization of p-type along with traditional ... tunable conducting properties and easy processability make metal oxides key materials for advanced optoelectronic devices. This ...
oxide - Wiktionary
oxide (countable and uncountable, plural oxides) *(chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical ... oxide m (plural oxides) *Obsolete spelling of oxyde *1800, Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, Élemens ou principes physio-chymiques, ... Archaic French oxide (now oxyde), from a blend of ox(ygene) and (ac)ide, coined by G. de Morveau and A. Lavoisier. [1] ... dans cette combinaison, lhydrogène de lammoniaque se combine avec loxigène de loxide, et forme de leau ; et lazote se ...
Nitrous Oxide | NIOSH | CDC
Breathing nitrous oxide can cause dizziness, unconsciousness, and even death. Long-term exposure can lead to infertility ... Nitrous oxide (N20) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. ... Nitrous oxide (N20) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. ... Contact with liquid nitrous oxide can cause severe frostbite. Workers may be harmed from exposure to nitrous oxide. The level ... The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. Useful search terms for nitrous oxide ...
Ethylene Oxide | NIOSH | CDC
Exposure to ethylene oxide may cause headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, breathing difficulty, drowsiness, weakness, ... Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O) is a flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor. ... IARC Monographs (Vol 100F): Ethylene Oxidepdf iconexternal icon. *IARC Monographs (Vol 97): Ethylene Oxidepdf iconexternal icon ... Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O) is a flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor. Exposure to ethylene oxide may cause headache, nausea, ...
Oxide - Oxides of phosphorus | Britannica.com
... oxide (or tetraphosphorus hexoxide), P4O6, and phosphorus(V) oxide (or tetraphosphorus decaoxide), P4O10. Both oxides have a ... Oxides of phosphorus: Phosphorus forms two common oxides, phosphorus(III) ... Phosphorus(III) oxide is a white crystalline solid that smells like garlic and has a poisonous vapour. It oxidizes slowly in ... Phosphorus(V) oxide is a white flocculent powder that can be prepared by heating elemental phosphorus in excess ...
calcium oxide - Wiktionary
Nitric Oxide | SpringerLink
This volume explores three main aspects of nitric oxide (NO) research: NO treatment and detection, NO modifications, and NO ... Measurements of Intra-oocyte Nitric Oxide Concentration Using Nitric Oxide Selective Electrode ... Cutting edge and authoritative, Nitric Oxide: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for anyone interested in learning ... Quantum Cascade Lasers-Based Detection of Nitric Oxide Gracia Montilla-Bascón, Julien Mandon, Frans J. M. Harren, Luis A. J. ...
calcium oxide | Infoplease
... decomposing it into the oxide and carbon dioxide. Calcium oxide is widely used in industry, e.g., in making porcelain and glass ... Calcium oxide is a basic anhydride, reacting with water to form calcium hydroxide; during the reaction (slaking) much heat is ... calcium oxide, chemical compound, CaO, a colorless, cubic crystalline or white amorphous substance. It is also called lime, ...
EWG Skin Deep® | What is IRON OXIDES
FERROUS-FERRIC OXIDE, HYDRATED FERRIC OXIDE, IRON BLACK OXIDE, IRON HYDROXIDE OXIDE, IRON OXIDE, IRON OXIDE (FEO), IRON OXIDE ... Iron oxides are inorganic chemicals used as colorants.. BLACK IRON OXIDE, BLACK OXIDE OF IRON, BROWN IRON OXIDE, C.I. PIGMENT ... RED IRON OXIDE, SYNTHETIC IRON OXIDE, YELLOW IRON OXIDE, and YELLOW OXIDE OF IRON ... RED 10-34-PC-2045, IRON OXIDES, IRON YELLOW OXIDE, IRON(II) OXIDE, MAGNETITE, NATURAL IRON OXIDE, PIGMENT BLACK 11, PIGMENT ...
Cross-linking dots on metal oxides | NPG Asia Materials
Recently, there has been growing interest in creating hybrid metal oxides to tailor the morphology and properties of these ... From this perspective, we highlight several recent developments in cross-linked hybrid metal oxides, focusing on chemical cross ... This perspective article highlights the recent advances in the area of covalently cross-linked hybrid metal oxides. ... Metal oxides are ubiquitous in our daily lives because they are robust and possess versatile electrochemical properties. ...
Heparin/nitric oxide | SpringerLink
Ethylene oxide | Shell Global
Shell chemicals companies are among the largest global producers of ethylene oxide, with facilities in Europe, the US and Asia ... Propylene oxide Propylene oxide is a chemical building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivatives including ... Ethylene oxide. Shell chemicals companies are among the largest global producers of high purity ethylene oxide, a versatile ... High Purity Ethylene oxide (HPEO) is a colourless, highly reactive and flammable gas at room temperature. It is produced by ...
Kopyrrol (Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide)
Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide Strengthens hair from root to tip Promotes hair thickness Ceases hair loss Accelerates ... Kopyrrol (Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide) * 1. 1 , P a g e Kopyrrol (Pyrrolidino diamino pyrimidine oxide) An enlivening ... Kopexil (Diaminopyrimidine Oxide) -... by Kumar Organic Pro... 5281 views * Kopexil aqua- 100 % water soluble h... by Dr. ... Applications: Pyrrolidinyl Diaminopyrimidine Oxide Hair Serum Hair Lotion, Creams Hair Shampoo/ Conditioner Eye Liner & Mascara ...
calcium oxide (CHEBI:31344)
Ethylene Oxide | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR
Exposure to ethylene oxide can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, throat, and lungs, and damage to the brain and nerves ... Large amounts of ethylene oxide are produced in the United States. Most of it is used to make other chemicals such as ethylene ... What is ethylene oxide?. Ethylene oxide is a man-made flammable gas with a somewhat sweet odor when it is at very high levels. ... Can ethylene oxide cause cancer? Studies of the highest exposed workers who were exposed to ethylene oxide over an average of ...
Nitrous Oxide | Encyclopedia.com
... began experimenting with the effects of inhaling nitrous oxide [2]. ... Nitrous oxide Nitrous oxide was first identified by Joseph Priestley [1] in 1772. Years later in the late 1790s, British ... Nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide (N2O), also called di-nitrogen monoxide, is one of several gaseous oxides of nitrogen . It is ... Nitrous oxide should not be confused with the potentially toxic gas known as nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is found in the ...
ICSC 1201 - STYRENE OXIDE
Ethylene Oxide | Encyclopedia.com
Ethylene oxide was first prepared in 1859 by French chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884). Source for information on ... Ethylene OxideOVERVIEWEthylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. The gas is a ... Ethylene Oxide. OVERVIEW. Ethylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. The gas is ... Ethylene oxide is a very unstable compound that catches fire or explodes readily and must be handled with the greatest care. ...
ICSC 0836 - BORON OXIDE
Propylene oxide | Shell Global
Propylene oxide. Shell chemicals companies are leading players in propylene oxide and its principal derivatives - polyether ... Propylene oxide (PO) is a colourless, reactive liquid used primarily as a building block for the manufacture of a versatile ... waterproof clothing and aircraft de-icers are just some of the many ultimate applications of propylene oxide. ... bowling balls are applications of propylene oxide ... First propylene oxide plant acquired in Carrington, UK. 1959. ...
oxide | FactMonster
Oxides are widely and abundantly distributed in nature. Water is the oxide of hydrogen. Silicon dioxide is the major component ... oxide oxide. oxide, chemical compound containing oxygen and one other chemical element . Oxides are widely and abundantly ... Nitrous oxide is an oxide of nitrogen often called laughing gas. Many of the metals form oxides. Some metal oxides, e.g., those ... Oxides are usually named according to the number of oxygen atoms present in a molecule, e.g., monoxide (or simply oxide), ...
Glossary:Mixed oxide (MOX) - Statistics Explained
Nanoscale Functional Oxides
Ion beam synthesized of VO2 nano-crystals show a sharp metal-insulator phase transition (MIT) with an extremely wide and tunable temperature hysteresis loop of up to 50°C with strong superheating and supercooling. By elastic strain, doping and intentional defect generation we manipulate the MIT phase transition and its dynamics. Controlling and engineering these effects, potential applications in extremely fast electro-optical memory and switching technologies can be envisaged: i.e. Bistable thermochromic gratings have been prepared and characterized in close cooperation with Huber Krenner. These nanocrystals can be cycled more than 104 times through the MIT without any sign of degradation of their optical properties.. ...
Patent US3506597 - Polymerization of olefin oxides - Google Patents
... alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, l-butene oxide, Z-butene oxide, isobutylene oxide and l-hexene oxide, ... trifiuoromethyl ethylene oxide, perfluoropropylene oxide, perfiuoroethylene oxide, etc.; and epoxide monomers having ... EXAMPLE 46 When a mixture of 5 grams of propylene oxide and 5 grams of butene-l oxide was used in Example 1, a solid polymer ... The unsaturated olefin oxide monomers can be copolymerized with the foregoing saturated olefin oxide monomers to provide ...
Nitric oxideIRON OXIDESEmissions of nitrogen oxidesMetal oxideReact with water to formExposed to ethylene oxideOxygenCarbon2016Chemical compoundCalciumBasic oxidesSpecialities LtdColorlessPerovskiteSearchConsisting of uraniumEthylene oxide SterilizationSynthesis2019CatalyticHigh levels of nitrogenColourlessEffects of nitrous oxideDielectric layer containinContaining the hafniumMAGNETITEMetalsRespiratoryConcentrationPropylene oxideCredited with discoveExposure to nitrous oxideZincGasesHydrogenCompoundsDinitrogen monoxideOccursInhalationNitrous oxide includeNitrogen oxide emissionHydroxidesConcentrationsConverts
Nitric oxide49
- Sept. 9, 2005 -- Nitric oxide, the same chemical that helps men achieve an erection, may also help women preserve their fertility and improve their chances of having a healthy baby by fighting the effects of aging on their ovaries. (webmd.com)
- A new study shows that exposure to nitric oxide delayed the signs of aging in mouse eggs, which, like eggs from older women, deteriorate rapidly and are more difficult to fertilize properly. (webmd.com)
- But exposing the eggs to appropriate levels of nitric oxide "could extend this fertilizable time window in both old and young women," says Abu-Soud. (webmd.com)
- Researchers say the findings also suggest that nitric oxide may be used to enhance the fertility of eggs harvested for in vitro fertilization . (webmd.com)
- Researchers exposed the mouse eggs to varying concentrations of nitric oxide, a chemical that among other things keeps the arteries supple. (webmd.com)
- The results showed that nitric oxide appeared to slow the hardening of the eggs' outer shells, increase the release of molecules that prevent improper fertilization by more than one sperm, and fight other signs of aging that could interfere with fertilization. (webmd.com)
- Researchers say that in addition to possibly prolonging fertility in women, the results suggest that nitric oxide may help prevent genetic abnormalities during early embryo development, which may have applications in preventing Down syndrome , spontaneous miscarriages , and other problems often associated with pregnancies among older women. (webmd.com)
- Nitric oxide is produced by nearly every type of cell in the human body and one of the most important molecules for blood vessel health. (healthline.com)
- In this way, nitric oxide increases blood flow and lowers blood pressure. (healthline.com)
- Supplements that increase nitric oxide in the body make up one of the most popular supplement categories today. (healthline.com)
- These supplements don't contain nitric oxide itself. (healthline.com)
- However, they contain compounds that your body can use to make nitric oxide and have been shown to provide many benefits for health and performance. (healthline.com)
- Here are 5 health and performance benefits of taking nitric oxide supplements. (healthline.com)
- L-citrulline is an amino acid that may help treat erectile dysfunction by increasing the production of nitric oxide ( 2 ). (healthline.com)
- Nitric oxide is needed for the muscles in the penis to relax. (healthline.com)
- Two other nitric-oxide-boosting supplements have been shown to treat erectile dysfunction - the amino acid L-arginine and Pycnogenol, a plant extract from the pine tree. (healthline.com)
- Summary Nitric oxide plays an important role in erectile function. (healthline.com)
- Several supplements, including L-citrulline, L-arginine and Pycnogenol, have been shown to increase levels of nitric oxide in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). (healthline.com)
- A form of L-citrulline called citrulline malate not only increases nitric oxide production, but also decreases muscle soreness. (healthline.com)
- Citrulline malate increases nitric oxide production, which increases blood flow to active muscles. (healthline.com)
- Summary Citrulline malate is a form of L-citrulline that may help alleviate muscle soreness by increasing nitric oxide. (healthline.com)
- People with high blood pressure are thought to have an impaired ability to use nitric oxide in their bodies ( 14 , 15 ). (healthline.com)
- When you consume nitrate, your body converts it to nitric oxide, which in turn causes blood vessels to relax and dilate, lowering blood pressure. (healthline.com)
- Many studies have shown nitrate may help lower blood pressure by increasing the production of nitric oxide ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). (healthline.com)
- Nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide have been found in at least 9 and 6 of the 1,585 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively. (cdc.gov)
- Nitric oxide is a sharp sweet-smelling gas at room temperature, whereas nitrogen dioxide has a strong, harsh odor and is a liquid at room temperature, becoming a reddish-brown gas above 70°F. (cdc.gov)
- Nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are found in tobacco smoke, so people who smoke or breathe in second-hand smoke may be exposed to nitrogen oxides. (cdc.gov)
- This volume explores three main aspects of nitric oxide (NO) research: NO treatment and detection, NO modifications, and NO detoxification. (springer.com)
- The book also covers methods used to study human/animal and plant nitric oxide. (springer.com)
- The chapters are divided into three parts: part one looks at NO treatments using gaseous nitric oxide and detection using a NO-sensitive electrode, electron spin resonance, and fluorescence-based NO-sensor proteins. (springer.com)
- She also exhibited lack of efficacy to nitric oxide for the treatment of deterioration of respiratory status with hypoxia and hypercarbia [ times to reactions onsets not stated ]. (springer.com)
- nitric oxide, NO) by treatment with iron powder or a mixture of iron and sulfur powders. (factmonster.com)
- Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) are together referred to as nitrogen oxides (NO X ). Combustion of fossil fuels is by far the dominant source of NO X emissions. (europa.eu)
- Nitrous Oxide is not the same as Nitric Oxide. (erowid.org)
- Nitric Oxide is a poisonous gas. (erowid.org)
- The right heart cath may be a more involved procedure that may include cardiac output determination, oxygen saturations, wedge pressures, thermodilution studies, NITRIC OXIDE STUDIES, etc. (aapc.com)
- Nitric Oxide as therapy for respiratory distress syndrome? (aapc.com)
- An electrode sensor which may be used to specifically and quantitatively measure nitric oxide is provided, as well as a method of preparing and using such an electrode sensor to measure nitric oxide concentration in solution. (google.co.uk)
- A nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises. (google.co.uk)
- A nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on catalytic oxidation of NO comprises a thermally-sharpened carbon fiber with a tip diameter of about 0.5-0.7 μm coated with several layers of p-type semiconducting polymeric porphyrin and cationic exchanger deposited thereon. (google.co.uk)
- 3. The electrode sensor of claim 2, which additionally comprises a gas-permeable membrane coating that is permeable to nitric oxide and is not permeable to nitrite. (google.co.uk)
- One trick that we've recently discovered is a way of overriding this connective idiom of brain function with one that is purely spatial, nitric oxide neurotransmission. (everything2.com)
- Some neurons, when inundated with enough calcium ion s, activate an enzyme named NOS ( nitric oxide synthase ). (everything2.com)
- This enzyme metabolizes the amino acid L-arginine to form, I bet you could have guessed, nitric oxide (NO) gas. (everything2.com)
- Members of the hemoglobin superfamily efficiently catalyze nitric-oxide dioxygenation, and when paired with native electron donors, function as NO dioxygenases (NODs). (hindawi.com)
- Nitric-oxide dioxygenases (NODs) are enzymes that efficiently convert NO and O 2 to nitrate ( 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. (nih.gov)
- Nitric oxide involvement in Drosophila immunity. (nih.gov)
- The augmented production of nitric oxide (NO) was observed during the hemocyte-mediated melanotic encapsulation responses of Drosophila melanogaster and D. teissieri. (nih.gov)
IRON OXIDES3
- Iron oxides are inorganic chemicals used as colorants. (ewg.org)
- Hydrous ferric oxides, also called hydrous iron oxides and iron(III) oxide-hydroxides are hydrous oxide inorganic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- One such group of these compounds, called iron oxides, is formed by reacting iron and oxygen in some way. (wikihow.com)
Emissions of nitrogen oxides3
- EEA-32 emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) have decreased by 41% between 1990 and 2009. (europa.eu)
- This indicator tracks trends since 1990 in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides. (europa.eu)
- A number of policies have been implemented that directly or indirectly reduce the emissions of nitrogen oxides. (europa.eu)
Metal oxide10
- Figure 2: Vapour-phased metal oxide and thin-film transistor. (nature.com)
- Figure 3: Solution-processed metal oxide. (nature.com)
- Figure 4: Metal oxide electronics. (nature.com)
- In particular, in the case of hybrid polymer-metal oxide materials, the flexibility of the polymer is imparted to the system, which allows for facile processing into macrostructures. (nature.com)
- Various metal oxide hybrids have been tailored with novel 2D and 3D morphologies that demonstrate superior properties (e.g., electrochemical activity) to their bulk counterparts. (nature.com)
- This review article contains a reminder of the fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis and a description of the main domains of heterogeneous catalysis and main families of metal oxide catalysts, which cover acid-base reactions, selective partial oxidation reactions, total oxidation reactions, depollution, biomass conversion, green chemistry and photocatalysis. (mdpi.com)
- Metal oxide catalysts are essential components in most refining and petrochemical processes. (mdpi.com)
- This paper attempts to review the major current industrial applications of supported and unsupported metal oxide catalysts. (mdpi.com)
- Following a review of the major types of metal oxide catalysts and the processes that use these catalysts, this paper considers current and prospective major applications, where recent advances in the science of metal oxide catalysts have major economic and environmental impacts. (mdpi.com)
- 17. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes a dielectric metal oxide in which the metal is a metal other than tantalum or hafnium. (google.de)
React with water to form2
- Many metal oxides react with water to form alkaline hydroxides, e.g., calcium oxide (lime) reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). (factmonster.com)
- Do all basic oxides react with water to form a product with (OH) in it? (physicsforums.com)
Exposed to ethylene oxide2
Oxygen15
- Nitrogen oxides are a mixture of gases that are composed of nitrogen and oxygen. (cdc.gov)
- Phosphorus(V) oxide is a white flocculent powder that can be prepared by heating elemental phosphorus in excess oxygen. (britannica.com)
- A member of the class of calcium oxides of calcium and oxygen in a 1:1 ratio. (ebi.ac.uk)
- oxide, chemical compound containing oxygen and one other chemical element . (factmonster.com)
- The halogens and inactive metals do not combine directly with oxygen, but their oxides can be formed by indirect methods. (factmonster.com)
- Oxides are usually named according to the number of oxygen atoms present in a molecule, e.g., monoxide (or simply oxide), dioxide, trioxide. (factmonster.com)
- An oxide is a term used in chemistry for a material which has been exposed and reacted to oxygen . (everything2.com)
- In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide ) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. (everything2.com)
- Aluminium oxides or aluminum oxides are a group of inorganic compounds with formulas including aluminium (Al) and oxygen (O). Aluminium(I) oxide (Al2O) Aluminium(II) oxide (AlO) (aluminium monoxide) Aluminium(III) oxide (aluminium oxide), (Al2O3), the most common form of aluminium oxide, occurring on the surface of aluminium and also in crystalline form as corundum, sapphire, and ruby. (wikipedia.org)
- When one type of an oxide structure called perovskite is exposed to both water vapor and streams of electrons, it exhibits behavior that researchers had never anticipated: The material gives off oxygen and begins oscillating, almost resembling a living, breathing organism. (eurekalert.org)
- Perovskite oxides are promising candidates for a variety of applications, including solar cells, electrodes in rechargeable batteries, water-splitting devices to generate hydrogen and oxygen, fuel cells, and sensors. (eurekalert.org)
- Which oxide you get depends on the specific circumstances under which the iron and oxygen react, and this will change the properties and uses of the resulting iron oxide. (wikihow.com)
- If you take too much nitrous oxide you risk falling unconscious and/or suffocating from the lack of oxygen. (talktofrank.com)
- [ 1 ] The specially designed nasal mask fully covers the nose, allowing the mixture of nitrous oxide with oxygen to flow while the dentist works on the patient's mouth. (medscape.com)
- [ 7 ] A 2009 prospective, randomized study showed that a 70:30 mix of nitrous oxide in oxygen, administered for 3 minutes, was effective in reducing pain in children undergoing venipuncture. (medscape.com)
Carbon11
- Although some decomposition of the carbonate to oxide occurs at temperatures below 700 °C, the resulting materials appears to reabsorb carbon dioxide from the air. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbon forms two well-known oxides, carbon monoxide , CO, and carbon dioxide , CO 2 . (britannica.com)
- For example, copper (II) oxide, CuO, and iron (III) oxide, Fe 2 O 3 , are both reduced to the metal by carbon monoxide. (britannica.com)
- For example, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) produces carbon dioxide and calcium oxide (CaO). (britannica.com)
- It is prepared by heating calcium carbonate (e.g., limestone ) in a special lime kiln to about 500°C to 600°C, decomposing it into the oxide and carbon dioxide. (infoplease.com)
- Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen are among the waste gases of gasoline-burning internal-combustion engines. (factmonster.com)
- 3. Nitrous Oxide Emission Reduction Protocol (NERP) Reduces on-farm emissions of nitrous oxide in a quantifiable, credible and verifiable way that would allow farmers to earn carbon credits. (slideshare.net)
- 4. The electrode sensor of claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive substrate is selected from the group consisting of electrically conductive carbon, indium tin oxide, iridium oxide, nickel, platinum, silver, and gold. (google.co.uk)
- We continuously measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds at our urban observatory in Innsbruck. (uibk.ac.at)
- 7. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the hafnium titanium oxide film by atomic layer deposition includes using precursors substantially free of carbon. (google.com)
- Beaulieu and colleagues, say the global warming potential of nitrous oxide is 300-fold greater than carbon dioxide. (redorbit.com)
20162
- Teijin Engineering has developed a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration device for midsized ship engines to ensure compliance with the Tier III nitrogen oxides emissions regulation, which goes into effect in 2016. (environmentalleader.com)
- As of 2016, nitrous oxide is covered by the Psychoactive Substances Act and is illegal to supply for its psychoactive effect. (talktofrank.com)
Chemical compound1
- nitrous oxide or nitrogen (I) oxide, chemical compound, N 2 O, a colorless gas with a sweetish taste and odor. (factmonster.com)
Calcium1
- Two centimeter-sized chunks of aurorite (a hydrated manganese silver calcium oxide) disseminated throughout calcite from the type locality of the Aurora Mine , Treasure Hill, Hamilton, White Pine County, Nevada. (cmu.edu)
Basic oxides2
- Oxides are commonly classified as acidic or basic oxides or anhydrides. (factmonster.com)
- From my recollection, acidic and basic oxides with water becomes two products. (physicsforums.com)
Specialities Ltd2
- Oxides & Specialities Ltd. (business-standard.com)
- Oxides & Specialities Ltd Statement of Investor Complaint under Reg. (business-standard.com)
Colorless2
- Nitrous oxide (N 2 0) is a colorless gas stored as a liquid. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. (encyclopedia.com)
Perovskite2
- The research team used a transmission electron microscope at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, to observe the behavior of a perovskite oxide exposed to water vapor. (eurekalert.org)
- Take for example p-type conduction in perovskite oxides. (physicsforums.com)
Search3
- Useful search terms for nitrous oxide include "dinitrogen monoxide," "hyponitrous acid anhydride," and "laughing gas. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSHTIC-2 search results on nitrous oxide - NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
- Useful search terms for ethylene oxide include "dimethylene oxide," "1,2-epoxy ethane," and "oxirane. (cdc.gov)
Consisting of uranium1
- Mixed oxide , abbreviated as MOX , refers to nuclear fuel consisting of uranium oxide and plutonium oxide for use in nuclear reactors. (europa.eu)
Ethylene oxide Sterilization5
- Control Technology for Ethylene oxide Sterilization in Hospitals -DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 89-120 (1989). (cdc.gov)
- This report examines control methods and systems for Ethylene oxide sterilization in hospitals. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH Alert: Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths From Explosions in Industrial Ethylene oxide Sterilization Facilities -DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2007-164. (cdc.gov)
- Ethylene oxide sterilization is an important sterilization method that manufacturers widely use to keep medical devices safe. (fda.gov)
- For ethylene oxide sterilization, two voluntary consensus standards (ANSI AAMI ISO 11135:2014 and ANSI AAMI ISO 10993-7:2008(R)2012) describe how to develop, validate, and control ethylene oxide sterilization processes for medical devices and the acceptable levels of residual ethylene oxide and ethylene chlorohydrin left on a device after it has undergone ethylene oxide sterilization. (fda.gov)
Synthesis3
- The second most important application of ethylene oxide is in the synthesis of ethyoxylates and ethanolamines, substances used in the production of synthetic detergents. (encyclopedia.com)
- As such, papers may describe the synthesis of new oxide catalyst materials, spectroscopic or other characterization of the oxide surface, preferably under reaction conditions, mechanistic analysis of important reactions catalyzed by oxides with a goal of identifying active sites and active site changes, or theoretical/modeling efforts in support of these activities. (aiche.org)
- In 1978, however, Amess et al showed that 24 h of nitrous oxide administration caused interference with DNA synthesis in humans. (erowid.org)
20193
- DUBLIN , Sept. 13, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The 'Opportunity Assessment of Graphene Oxide' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (prnewswire.com)
- Nov. 8, 2019 -- The Environmental Protection Agency has proposed its first of two new rules to curb emissions of cancer -causing ethylene oxide. (webmd.com)
- Women report being very satisfied with nitrous oxide (laughing gas) to manage labor pain, experiencing no adverse side effects to the baby, although over half of the women ultimately opted for an epidural or other pain management technique, suggests a study being presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2019 annual meeting. (news-medical.net)
Catalytic2
- Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions. (worldcat.org)
- 6: Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Catalytic Oxide Materials. (worldcat.org)
High levels of nitrogen3
- Exposure to high levels of nitrogen oxides can damage the respiratory airways. (cdc.gov)
- Breathing high levels of nitrogen oxides can cause rapid burning, spasms, and swelling of tissues in the throat and upper respiratory tract, reduced oxygenation of body tissues, a build-up of fluid in your lungs, and death. (cdc.gov)
- Because of the high levels of nitrogen oxide along the motorways of the Inn valley and the Brenner pass, driving bans and speed limits pursuant to the Austrian Clean Air Protection Act (IG-L) have already been introduced. (uibk.ac.at)
Colourless3
- High Purity Ethylene oxide (HPEO) is a colourless, highly reactive and flammable gas at room temperature. (shell.com)
- Propylene oxide (PO) is a colourless, reactive liquid used primarily as a building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivative products. (shell.com)
- Nitrous oxide is a colourless gas that's most commonly found in pressurised metal canisters. (talktofrank.com)
Effects of nitrous oxide1
- The highly successful performances showed the uninhibiting effects of nitrous oxide on audience volunteers eager to try the gas. (encyclopedia.com)
Dielectric layer containin2
- A dielectric layer containing a hafnium tantalum oxide film and a method of fabricating such a dielectric layer produce a dielectric layer for use in a variety of electronic devices. (google.de)
- Embodiments of a dielectric layer containing a hafnium titanium oxide film structured as one or more monolayers include the dielectric layer disposed in an integrated circuit. (google.com)
Containing the hafnium1
- 6. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes a nanolaminate containing the hafnium tantalum oxide layer. (google.de)
MAGNETITE1
- Vanadium is found mainly by atomic substitution in magnetite, a major oxide ore mineral of iron. (britannica.com)
Metals4
- Workers employed in facilities that produce nitric acid or certain explosives like dynamite and trinitrotoluene (TNT), as well as workers involved in the welding of metals may breath in nitrogen oxides during their work. (cdc.gov)
- Many of the metals form oxides. (factmonster.com)
- Medical devices made from certain polymers (plastic or resin), metals, or glass, or that have multiple layers of packaging or hard-to-reach places (for example, catheters) are likely to be sterilized with ethylene oxide. (fda.gov)
- Can molten metals dissolve metal oxides, or vice versa? (physicsforums.com)
Respiratory1
- Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in patients with significant respiratory compromise. (medscape.com)
Concentration5
- A larger scale sensor utilizing porphyrin and cationic exchanger deposited on larger fibers or wires, platinum mesh or tin indium oxide layered on glass, can also be employed when measurement of NO concentration in chemical media, tissue or cell culture is desired. (google.co.uk)
- MIR 9000 CLD includes a built-in chemiluminescence module for the measurement of low to ultra-low concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and a paramagnetic sensor for O2 measurements. (environmental-expert.com)
- This material reduces the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 25 to 45 per cent, said prof. Jos Brouwers in his inaugural lecture last Friday. (tue.nl)
- Atmospheric nitrous oxide concentration has increased by some 20 percent over the past century, and continues to rise at a rate of about 0.2 to 0.3 percent per year. (redorbit.com)
- Because 105% alveolar concentration is needed to induce general anesthesia when nitrous oxide is used as a sole anesthetic agent, it is ineffective as a single agent for general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
Propylene oxide4
- Propylene oxide is a chemical building block for the manufacture of a versatile range of derivatives including polyols and propylene glycols. (shell.com)
- Shell chemicals companies are leading players in propylene oxide and its principal derivatives - polyether polyols and propylene glycols. (shell.com)
- Foams in furniture and car seats, artificial sports tracks, building insulation, waterproof clothing and aircraft de-icers are just some of the many ultimate applications of propylene oxide. (shell.com)
- An object of this invention is to provide a very distinctive and valuable rubbery substance by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing monomers having an 1,2-epoxy group such as, for example, propylene oxide or epichlorohydrin. (google.com)
Credited with discove1
- Although Priestley is credited with discovering nitrous oxide, another scientist recognized the potential value of its numbing and intoxicating effects. (encyclopedia.com)
Exposure to nitrous oxide4
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
- The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH Update - NIOSH Warns: Nitrous Oxide Continues to Threaten Health Care Workers - DHHS (NIOSH) (1994) - NIOSH warns that even with preventive measures such as scavenging systems in place workers may be at risk for serious health effects due to their exposure to nitrous oxide. (cdc.gov)
- Mandatory nitrous horror story: Layzer (in (1978) "Myeloneuropathy after prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide," _Lancet_ 2:1227) reports a case of 15 people who had been inhaling nitrous oxide for long periods of time and developed a condition resembling subacture combined degneration of the cord, whatever that means. (erowid.org)
Zinc9
- Zinc oxide is an ingredient in many products. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zinc oxide overdose occurs when someone eats one of these products. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zinc oxide can cause symptoms if it is eaten, or if its fumes are breathed in. (medlineplus.gov)
- Other products may also contain zinc oxide. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most of the harmful effects of zinc oxide come from breathing in the gas form of zinc oxide at industrial sites in the chemical or welding industry. (medlineplus.gov)
- If someone swallows a lot of zinc oxide, give them water or milk right away. (medlineplus.gov)
- Zinc oxide is not very poisonous if it is eaten. (medlineplus.gov)
- A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle photodetector was fabricated using a simple method. (hindawi.com)
- Zinc Oxide Shiseido may be available in the countries listed below. (drugs.com)
Gases5
- If you were to come into skin or eye contact with high concentrations of nitrogen oxide gases or nitrogen dioxide liquid, you would likely experience serious burns. (cdc.gov)
- In the 1700s and the 1800s, chemists, doctors, and dentists in Europe and the United States experimented with three different anesthetic gases: nitrous oxide, ether (EETH-uhr), and chloroform (KLOR-uh-form). (encyclopedia.com)
- A research report titled "Inhalant Abuse," prepared by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and updated in 2005, noted that "nitrous oxide is the most abused of these [three] gases. (encyclopedia.com)
- The inert gases do not form oxides. (factmonster.com)
- Vehicle exhaust gases contain nitrogen oxides (NOx), which cause acid rain and smog. (tue.nl)
Hydrogen8
- Water is the oxide of hydrogen. (factmonster.com)
- In addition to our traditional focus on solid state proton conductors, which show potential for next-generation solid oxide fuel cells and hydrogen sensors, we are currently also working on other classes of hydrogen containing oxides, such as hydride-ion conductors and materials used to store hydrogen, as well as oxide phosphors for their future application in solid-state lighting devices. (chalmers.se)
- Formula For Hydrogen Oxide? (yahoo.com)
- So water is Hydrogen Oxide? (yahoo.com)
- H2O is water It could also be calssified as Hydrogen Oxide. (yahoo.com)
- The simplest and best systematic name of water is hydrogen oxide. (yahoo.com)
- This is analogous to related compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and deuterium oxide (heavy water). (yahoo.com)
- Medical devices are sterilized in a variety of ways including using moist heat (steam), dry heat, radiation, ethylene oxide gas, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and other sterilization methods (for example, chlorine dioxide gas, vaporized peracetic acid, and nitrogen dioxide). (fda.gov)
Compounds1
- Anguil provides a broad line of technologically advanced, yet user-friendly air pollution control products for the abatement of industrial emissions like Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and process odors. (environmental-expert.com)
Dinitrogen monoxide1
- Nitrous oxide is small inorganic chemical molecule and may also be known as dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide. (medscape.com)
Occurs3
- Magnesium oxide ( Mg O ), or magnesia , is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide ). (wikipedia.org)
- If rust development or flaking occurs, black oxide should be removed from the object. (ehow.com)
- Nitrous oxide occurs naturally in the atmosphere and is a greenhouse gas. (dictionary.com)
Inhalation3
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has concluded that inhalation exposure to ethylene oxide is carcinogenic to humans. (cdc.gov)
- In 1844, Horace Wells, a native of Vermont, discovered that the inhalation of nitrous-oxide gas produces anaesthesia. (dictionary.com)
- Nitrous oxide is administered by inhalation, absorbed by diffusion through the lungs, and eliminated via respiration. (medscape.com)
Nitrous oxide include1
- Some of the nonmedical uses of nitrous oxide include the semiconductor industry, car racing, and food processing. (medscape.com)
Nitrogen oxide emission3
- LSB Industries Inc., the largest merchant manufacturer of concentrated nitric acid in North America, will pay an estimated $6.3 million to $11.7 million to meet nitrogen oxide emission limits that are among the lowest for the industry in the US, the EPA and Department of Justice announced today. (environmentalleader.com)
- This result is relatively representative for the whole city," says Karl who points out the far-reaching relevance of the results: "Even newer atmospheric models are based on emission inventories that underestimate nitrogen oxide emission levels up to a factor of four. (uibk.ac.at)
- The actual nitrogen oxide emission levels may be four times higher than predicted in the some models. (uibk.ac.at)
Hydroxides1
- Oxides and hydroxides are a large and diverse group of ore minerals. (britannica.com)
Concentrations5
- Workers exposed to high concentrations of ethylene oxide for short and long amounts of time reported having effects such as headaches, memory loss, numbness, nausea, and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
- The new CLD 62 nitrogen oxide analyzer is the economical solution for the continuous measurement of NO and NOX concentrations in fixed or mobile applications. (environmental-expert.com)
- The analysis of the data of a three months long measurement campaign, which took place in 2015 and is now published in Scientific Reports , shows two main sources for nitrogen oxide concentrations in the Innsbruck air: traffic and residential combustion, with traffic accounting for more than 80 % of the nitrogen oxide emissions in the surroundings of the test station at the University. (uibk.ac.at)
- Nitrogen oxide is toxic in higher concentrations and classified as hazardous air pollutant. (uibk.ac.at)
- Rates of nitrous oxide production via denitrification in small streams increase with nitrate concentrations. (redorbit.com)
Converts3
- Nitrous oxide converts the cobalt from the monovalent form to the bivalent form. (erowid.org)
- The air purifying concrete contains titanium dioxide, a photocatalytic material that removes the nitrogen oxides from the air and converts them with the aid of sunlight into harmless nitrate. (tue.nl)
- It happens via a microbial process called denitrification, which converts nitrogen to nitrous oxide and an inert gas called dinitrogen. (redorbit.com)