Chemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Health ResortsOxidation-ReductionFerrocyanidesGraphiteElectrochemistryCatalysisKineticsElectron Transport
Health Resorts
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Ferrocyanides
Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).
Graphite
An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.
Electrochemistry
The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Electron Transport
The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

Long-range oxidative damage to DNA: effects of distance and sequence. (1/32197)

INTRODUCTION: Oxidative damage to DNA in vivo can lead to mutations and cancer. DNA damage and repair studies have not yet revealed whether permanent oxidative lesions are generated by charges migrating over long distances. Both photoexcited *Rh(III) and ground-state Ru(III) intercalators were previously shown to oxidize guanine bases from a remote site in oligonucleotide duplexes by DNA-mediated electron transfer. Here we examine much longer charge-transport distances and explore the sensitivity of the reaction to intervening sequences. RESULTS: Oxidative damage was examined in a series of DNA duplexes containing a pendant intercalating photooxidant. These studies revealed a shallow dependence on distance and no dependence on the phasing orientation of the oxidant relative to the site of damage, 5'-GG-3'. The intervening DNA sequence has a significant effect on the yield of guanine oxidation, however. Oxidation through multiple 5'-TA-3' steps is substantially diminished compared to through other base steps. We observed intraduplex guanine oxidation by tethered *Rh(III) and Ru(III) over a distance of 200 A. The distribution of oxidized guanine varied as a function of temperature between 5 and 35 degrees C, with an increase in the proportion of long-range damage (> 100 A) occurring at higher temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: Guanines are oxidized as a result of DNA-mediated charge transport over significant distances (e.g. 200 A). Although long-range charge transfer is dependent on distance, it appears to be modulated by intervening sequence and sequence-dependent dynamics. These discoveries hold important implications with respect to DNA damage in vivo.  (+info)

Phosphorylation of the DNA repair protein APE/REF-1 by CKII affects redox regulation of AP-1. (2/32197)

The DNA repair protein apurinic endonuclease (APE/Ref-1) exerts several physiological functions such as cleavage of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites and redox regulation of the transcription factor AP-1, whose activation is part of the cellular response to DNA damaging treatments. Here we demonstrate that APE/Ref-1 is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CKII). This was shown for both the recombinant APE/Ref-1 protein (Km=0.55 mM) and for APE/Ref-1 expressed in COS cells. Phosphorylation of APE/Ref-1 did not alter the repair activity of the enzyme, whereas it stimulated its redox capability towards AP-1, thus promoting DNA binding activity of AP-1. Inhibition of CKII mediated phosphorylation of APE/Ref-1 blocked mutagen-stimulated increase in AP-1 binding. It also abrogated the induction of c-Jun protein and rendered cells more sensitive to induced DNA damage. Thus, phosphorylation of APE/Ref-1 appears to be involved in regulating the different physiological activities of the enzyme. CKII mediated phosphorylation of APE/Ref-1 and concomitant increase in AP-1 binding activity appears to be a novel mechanism of cellular stress response, forcing transcription of AP-1 target gene(s) the product(s) of which may exert protective function.  (+info)

UV irradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ices: production of alcohols, quinones, and ethers. (3/32197)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water ice were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation under astrophysical conditions, and the products were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Peripheral carbon atoms were oxidized, producing aromatic alcohols, ketones, and ethers, and reduced, producing partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, molecules that account for the interstellar 3.4-micrometer emission feature. These classes of compounds are all present in carbonaceous meteorites. Hydrogen and deuterium atoms exchange readily between the PAHs and the ice, which may explain the deuterium enrichments found in certain meteoritic molecules. This work has important implications for extraterrestrial organics in biogenesis.  (+info)

Molecular dynamics of the sodium channel pore vary with gating: interactions between P-segment motions and inactivation. (4/32197)

Disulfide trapping studies have revealed that the pore-lining (P) segments of voltage-dependent sodium channels undergo sizable motions on a subsecond time scale. Such motions of the pore may be necessary for selective ion translocation. Although traditionally viewed as separable properties, gating and permeation are now known to interact extensively in various classes of channels. We have investigated the interaction of pore motions and voltage-dependent gating in micro1 sodium channels engineered to contain two cysteines within the P segments. Rates of catalyzed internal disulfide formation (kSS) were measured in K1237C+W1531C mutant channels expressed in oocytes. During repetitive voltage-clamp depolarizations, increasing the pulse duration had biphasic effects on the kSS, which first increased to a maximum at 200 msec and then decreased with longer depolarizations. This result suggested that occupancy of an intermediate inactivation state (IM) facilitates pore motions. Consistent with the known antagonism between alkali metals and a component of slow inactivation, kSS varied inversely with external [Na+]o. We examined the converse relationship, namely the effect of pore flexibility on gating, by measuring recovery from inactivation in Y401C+E758C (YC/EC) channels. Under oxidative conditions, recovery from inactivation was slower than in a reduced environment in which the spontaneous YC/EC cross-link is disrupted. The most prominent effects were slowing of a component with intermediate recovery kinetics, with diminution of its relative amplitude. We conclude that occupancy of an intermediate inactivation state facilitates motions of the P segments; conversely, flexibility of the P segments alters an intermediate component of inactivation.  (+info)

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, generates two bioactive products during the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein: use of a novel inhibitor. (5/32197)

A novel and potent azetidinone inhibitor of the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), i.e. platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, is described for the first time. This inhibitor, SB-222657 (Ki=40+/-3 nM, kobs/[I]=6. 6x10(5) M-1.s-1), is inactive against paraoxonase, is a poor inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and has been used to investigate the role of Lp-PLA2 in the oxidative modification of lipoproteins. Although pretreatment with SB-222657 did not affect the kinetics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by Cu2+ or an azo free-radical generator as determined by assay of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, in both cases it inhibited the elevation in lysophosphatidylcholine content. Moreover, the significantly increased monocyte chemoattractant activity found in a non-esterified fatty acid fraction from LDL oxidized by Cu2+ was also prevented by pretreatment with SB-222657, with an IC50 value of 5.0+/-0.4 nM. The less potent diastereoisomer of SB-222657, SB-223777 (Ki=6.3+/-0.5 microM, kobs/[I]=1.6x10(4) M-1.s-1), was found to be significantly less active in both assays. Thus, in addition to generating lysophosphatidylcholine, a known biologically active lipid, these results demonstrate that Lp-PLA2 is capable of generating oxidized non-esterified fatty acid moieties that are also bioactive. These findings are consistent with our proposal that Lp-PLA2 has a predominantly pro-inflammatory role in atherogenesis. Finally, similar studies have demonstrated that a different situation exists during the oxidation of high-density lipoprotein, with enzyme(s) other than Lp-PLA2 apparently being responsible for generating lysophosphatidylcholine.  (+info)

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretory product pyocyanin inactivates alpha1 protease inhibitor: implications for the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease. (6/32197)

Alpha1 Protease inhibitor (alpha1PI) modulates serine protease activity in the lung. Reactive oxygen species inactivate alpha1PI, and this process has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of forms of lung injury. An imbalance of protease-antiprotease activity is also detected in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis-associated lung disease who are infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa secretes pyocyanin, which, through its ability to redox cycle, induces cells to generate reactive oxygen species. We tested the hypothesis that redox cycling of pyocyanin could lead to inactivation of alpha1PI. When alpha1PI was exposed to NADH and pyocyanin, a combination that results in superoxide production, alpha1PI lost its ability to form an inhibitory complex with both porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and trypsin. Similarly, addition of pyocyanin to cultures of human airway epithelial cells to which alpha1PI was also added resulted in a loss of the ability of alpha1PI to form a complex with PPE or trypsin. Neither superoxide dismutase, catalase, nor dimethylthiourea nor depletion of the media of O2 to prevent formation of reactive oxygen species blocked pyocyanin-mediated inactivation of alpha1PI. These data raise the possibility that a direct interaction between reduced pyocyanin and alpha1PI is involved in the process. Consistent with this possibility, pretreatment of alpha1PI with the reducing agent beta-mercaptoethanol also inhibited binding of trypsin to alpha1PI. These data suggest that pyocyanin could contribute to lung injury in the P. aeruginosa-infected airway of cystic fibrosis patients by decreasing the ability of alpha1PI to control the local activity of serine proteases.  (+info)

Prior protein intake may affect phenylalanine kinetics measured in healthy adult volunteers consuming 1 g protein. kg-1. d-1. (7/32197)

Study of the amino acid metabolism of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, children and patients, is needed. Our existing protocol is preceded by 2 d of adaptation to a low 13C formula diet at a protein intake of 1 g. kg-1. d-1 to minimize variations in breath 13CO2 enrichment and protein metabolism. To expand on our potential study populations, a less invasive protocol needs to be developed. We have already established that a stable background 13CO2 enrichment can be achieved on the study day without prior adaptation to the low 13C formula. Therefore, this study investigates phenylalanine kinetics in response to variations in prior protein intake. Healthy adult subjects were each fed nutritionally adequate mixed diets containing 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0 g protein. kg-1. d-1 for 2 d. On d 3, subjects consumed an amino acid-based formula diet containing the equivalent of 1 g protein. kg-1. d-1 hourly for 10 h and primed hourly oral doses of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine for the final 6 h. Phenylalanine kinetics were calculated from plasma-free phenylalanine enrichment and breath 13CO2 excretion. A significant quadratic response of prior protein intake on phenylalanine flux (P = 0.012) and oxidation (P = 0.009) was identified, such that both variables were lower following adaptation to a protein intake of 1.4 g. kg-1. d-1. We conclude that variations in protein intake, between 0.8 and 2.0 g. kg-1. d-1, prior to the study day may affect amino acid kinetics and; therefore, it is prudent to continue to control protein intake prior to an amino acid kinetics study.  (+info)

Chaperone activity with a redox switch. (8/32197)

Hsp33, a member of a newly discovered heat shock protein family, was found to be a very potent molecular chaperone. Hsp33 is distinguished from all other known molecular chaperones by its mode of functional regulation. Its activity is redox regulated. Hsp33 is a cytoplasmically localized protein with highly reactive cysteines that respond quickly to changes in the redox environment. Oxidizing conditions like H2O2 cause disulfide bonds to form in Hsp33, a process that leads to the activation of its chaperone function. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Hsp33 protects cells from oxidants, leading us to conclude that we have found a protein family that plays an important role in the bacterial defense system toward oxidative stress.  (+info)

Electrochemical behaviour of bacterial nitric oxide reductase-Evidence of low redox potential non-heme Fe-B gives new...Electrochemical behaviour of bacterial nitric oxide reductase-Evidence of low redox potential non-heme Fe-B gives new...
Cordas, Cristina M., Americo G. Duarte, Jose J. G. Moura, and Isabel Moura. Electrochemical behaviour of bacterial nitric oxide reductase-Evidence of low redox potential non-heme Fe-B gives new perspectives on the catalytic mechanism. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Bioenergetics. 1827.3 (2013): 233-238 ...
https://docentes.fct.unl.pt/c-cordas/publications/electrochemical-behaviour-bacterial-nitric-oxide-reductase-evidence-low-redox-
THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION. OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Oxidation Is a Loss of electrons (OIL) Reduction Is a Gain of electrons ...THE LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION. OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Oxidation Is a Loss of electrons (OIL) Reduction Is a Gain of electrons ...
Natural Electron ACCEPTORS Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP) used in photosynthesis in chloroplasts NADP + + 2H + + 2e - NADPH + H + Ferredoxin the most difficult to reduce (and most easily oxidised) Cytochromes Conjugate proteins which contain a haem group. The iron atom undergoes redox reactions Fe 3+ + e - Fe 2+ NB The iron atom in the haem group of haemoglobin does not go through a redox reaction Haemoglobin is oxygenated or deoxygenated Reduction Oxidation Reduction Oxidation © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS
http://slideplayer.com/slide/3922008/
Lirias: Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid...Lirias: Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid...
Detection of different oxidation states of individual manganese porphyrins during their reaction with oxygen at a solid/liquid ...
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/448669
XPS for different oxidation states | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityXPS for different oxidation states | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
for different oxidation states of the same element in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, should the full width half maximum (FWHM) value be the same for all? Is this a parameter to fix in this case for the fitting ...
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/xps-for-different-oxidation-states.765031/
Low temperature direct oxidation of methane to methanol<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Low temperature direct oxidation of methane to methanol. AU - Fujimoto, Kaoru. AU - Sekine, Yasushi. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - Methane was oxidized by oxygen at temperatures as low as 473K or lower under pressurized conditions. The reaction was initialed by heated wire, which was set in the center of a pressurized reaction chamber. At the initial stage of the reaction, the methanol selectivity was as high as 90%, but its level decreased quickly with proceeding of the reaction time. When the reaction pressure was raised from 5 to 40atm, the methanol selectivity (at high O2 conversion level) was increased from 2% to 30% whereas selectivities of C2 hydrocarbons of CO2 decreased 30% to 10% or less. A new reaction model was claimed for the present reaction system.. AB - Methane was oxidized by oxygen at temperatures as low as 473K or lower under pressurized conditions. The reaction was initialed by heated wire, which was set in the center of a pressurized reaction chamber. At the ...
https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/low-temperature-direct-oxidation-of-methane-to-methanol
Patent US5013510 - Process for preparing long chain N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines by direct oxidation - Google PatentsPatent US5013510 - Process for preparing long chain N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines by direct oxidation - Google Patents
N,N-Dialkylhydroxylamines where the alkyl groups are of 10 to 30 carbon atoms are prepared by an improved process involving the direct oxidation of the corresponding N,N-dialkylamines with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in a lower alkanol solvent in the absence of a catalyst or a sequestering agent. The improved process prevents the problem of over-oxidation and gives the desired N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine in high yield and purity. The N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines are effective stabilizers for polymer compositions particularly as process stabilizers for polyolefins.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5013510?dq=5708422
An SOS on ROS: The Intersection of Platelets and Thrombosis in Redox Biology | ASH News DailyAn SOS on ROS: The Intersection of Platelets and Thrombosis in Redox Biology | ASH News Daily
From the stock market to politics, keeping gains and losses straight these days can be confusing. Scientific gains and losses can be equally overwhelming. Thankfully, in Mondays Scientific Spotlight Session on Redox Biology in Thrombosis, the pathways involved in electron losses and gains and their effect on platelet biology were highlighted by two thought leaders.. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of unstable molecule, are a natural byproduct of aerobic metabolism involved in endogenous signaling. A buildup of ROS is associated with oxidative stress and is implicated in disease states, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and aging. ROS and redox biology have received significant attention in vascular biology; however, there has previously been little focus on ROS production by, and influences on, platelet function. Co-Chair Craig Morrell, DVM, PhD, explored the intersection of platelets and thrombosis through investigating the role of ROS in platelet function. Dr. ...
http://www.ashnewsdaily.org/an-sos-on-ros/
International Conference on Oxidation Processes in Water and Wastewater Treatment ICOPWWT in October 2020 in DubrovnikInternational Conference on Oxidation Processes in Water and Wastewater Treatment ICOPWWT in October 2020 in Dubrovnik
Oxidation Processes in Water and Wastewater Treatment Conference scheduled on October 01-02, 2020 in October 2020 in Dubrovnik is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university practitioners to present research activities that might want to attend events, meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, summit, and symposiums.
https://waset.org/oxidation-processes-in-water-and-wastewater-treatment-conference-in-october-2020-in-dubrovnik
Redox Biology
Redox Biology is a forum for novel research, methods and review articles in redox biology in the areas of both health and disease. Acceptable paper...
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/redox-biology
Trine Kastrup Dalsgaard - Research - Aarhus UniversityTrine Kastrup Dalsgaard - Research - Aarhus University
Tasks:. Scientific tasks are primarily placed within the oxidation area where model studies are used to describe the mechanisms behind oxidation processes in proteins as well as in protein-/lipid models. The models are particularly used to study how oxidation affects the protein structure and how the protein structure influences different oxidation processes (e.g. light, enzymes and transition metal ions). Accessibility of proteases is also used as a measurement of changes of the protein structure (at primary and higher protein structure levels) after oxidation. Knowledge from model studies is carried on to dairy products such as milk, powder and cheese where the oxidation processes are described as direct measurement of primary oxidation products (e.g. free radicals and protein and lipid peroxides) and also secondary oxidation products (e.g. dityrosine, protein carbonyl at amino acid level and lipid carbonyls).. Methods: Mass spectrometry (Ion-trap, MALDI ToF-ToF and GC-MS), spectroscopic ...
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/persons/trine-kastrup-dalsgaard
Coatings | Free Full-Text | Cellular Automata Modelling of Photo-Induced Oxidation Processes in Molecularly Doped PolymersCoatings | Free Full-Text | Cellular Automata Modelling of Photo-Induced Oxidation Processes in Molecularly Doped Polymers
The possibility of employing cellular automata (CA) to model photo-induced oxidation processes in molecularly doped polymers is explored. It is demonstrated that the oxidation dynamics generated using CA models exhibit stretched-exponential behavior. This dynamical characteristic is in general agreement with an alternative analysis conducted using standard rate equations provided the molecular doping levels are sufficiently low to prohibit the presence of safe-sites which are impenetrable to dissolved oxygen. The CA models therefore offer the advantage of exploring the effect of dopant agglomeration which is difficult to assess from standard rate equation solutions. The influence of UV-induced bleaching or darkening upon the resulting oxidation dynamics may also be easily incorporated into the CA models and these optical effects are investigated for various photo-oxidation product scenarios. Output from the CA models is evaluated for experimental photo-oxidation data obtained from a series of hydrazone
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/6/4/55
Reduction/oxidation (Redox)
Reduction/oxidation (Redox) reactions chemically convert hazardous contaminants to less toxic compounds that are less mobile and/or inert. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one compound to another. One compound is oxidized (loses electrons) and one is reduced (gains electrons). Oxidizing agents most commonly used for treatment of hazardous contaminants are ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, chlorine, and chlorine dioxide. The reducing agents most commonly used for treatment of hazardous waste are ferrous sulfate, sodium bisulfite, and sodium hydrosulfite. Experimental systems have been used to oxidize trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE ...
http://cpeo.org/techtree/ttdescript/redoxid.htm
Patente US6033456 - Integration of partial oxidation process and direct reduction reaction process - Google PatentesPatente US6033456 - Integration of partial oxidation process and direct reduction reaction process - Google Patentes
The present invention relates to an integrated process and apparatus for supplying at least a portion of, or substantially all, or all of the reducing gas feedstock to a reduction reactor, such as a reactor for the direct reduction of iron, wherein the reducing gas contacts a feed material at a mean operating gas pressure and effects reduction of the feed material to provide a reduced product. The integrated process includes the production of a hydrogen-rich gas by the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock to produce a hydrogen-rich gas, which can also be referred to as a synthesis gas or syngas. The synthesis gas is at a pressure substantially greater than the mean operating gas pressure in the reduction reactor. The synthesis gas is expanded to lower its pressure to substantially the mean operating gas pressure in the DRI reduction reactor to thereby form the reducing gas feedstock at the pressure conditions used for the DRI reaction. The lower pressure reducing gas mixture generated by
http://www.google.es/patents/US6033456
Highly Efficient Catalysis of Preferential Oxidation of CO in H<sub>2</sub>-Rich Stream by Gold Single-Atom...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Highly Efficient Catalysis of Preferential Oxidation of CO in H2-Rich Stream by Gold Single-Atom Catalysts. AU - Qiao, Botao. AU - Liu, Jiaxin. AU - Wang, Yang Gang. AU - Lin, Qingquan. AU - Liu, Xiaoyan. AU - Wang, Aiqin. AU - Li, Jun. AU - Zhang, Tao. AU - Liu, Jingyue. PY - 2015/11/6. Y1 - 2015/11/6. N2 - Preferential oxidation of CO (PROX) in H2-rich stream is critical to the production of clean H2 for the H2-based fuel cells, which provide clean and efficient energy conversion. Development of highly active and selective PROX catalysts is highly desirable but proved to be extremely challenging. Here we report that CeO2-supported Au single atoms (Au1/CeO2) are highly active, selective, and extremely stable for PROX at the PEMFC working temperature (μs 80 °C) with ,99.5% CO conversion over a wide temperature window, 70-120 °C (or 50-100 °C, depending on the Au loading). The high CO conversion realized at high temperatures is attributed to the unique property of single-atom ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/highly-efficient-catalysis-of-preferential-oxidation-of-co-in-hsu
Insight into a neurons preferential susceptibility to oxidative stress | Biochemical Society TransactionsInsight into a neurons preferential susceptibility to oxidative stress | Biochemical Society Transactions
Under normal physiological conditions, ROS levels are low and ROS detoxification is easily managed by intrinsic antioxidant defence systems. In this context, ROS benefit neuronal health because of their central role in redox signalling. Redox-dependent signalling pathways are made up of redox-sensitive proteins that can undergo reversible oxidation or reduction reactions. The function of redox-sensitive proteins change depending on whether a protein is in its oxidized or reduced state. Thus ROS-RNS interaction influences protein signalling capacity in a redox-dependent manner. ROS and RNS play a key role in a variety of biologically important neural pathways including LTP (long-term potentiation), synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, apoptosis and the establishment of neuroprotective preconditioning [3,4]. Cellular signalling is also influenced by redox status at the transcriptional level, as numerous transcription factors are redox-sensitive, including NF-κB (nuclear ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/41/6/1541
Thickness Uniformity In Dry High Temperature Oxidation Process?? - Semiconductor engineering - Eng-TipsThickness Uniformity In Dry High Temperature Oxidation Process?? - Semiconductor engineering - Eng-Tips
Im trying to increase my thickness uniformity in SiO2 deposition for a dry, high temperature oxidation process. My wafer profile is thin in the middle and thic
http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=294870
The effect of heat treatment on the oxidation resistance of cobalt-based superalloys
Degradation of the mechanical integrity of cobalt-based superalloys can occur as the carbide network is progressively oxidised during high temperature service. In this study, a heat-treatment aimed at redistributing the carbides was tested on two similar commercial Co-based superalloys, one with high C content (Co-101) and one with low C content (Stellite-21), to determine its influence on oxidation resistance. It was found that the carbide phases in the lower C-containing alloy could be solutioned more readily than the higher C-containing alloy, enabling the continuity of the carbide network to be reduced. This resulted in a reduced attack of the carbides down the interdendritic channels during oxidation testing, but increased thickness of the oxide overscale ...
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/302046
41 Vascular protein oxidation and redox proteomics in human hypertension | Heart41 Vascular protein oxidation and redox proteomics in human hypertension | Heart
Despite recent advances in the field of vascular redox signalling in hypertension, it still remains unclear exactly how ROS cause vascular injury. We hypothesise that regulation of redox-sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) through oxidative modification, is impaired in hypertension. VSMC normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) individuals were stimulated with AngII (10-7 M) and ET-1 (10-7 M). Irreversible oxidation of proteins and PTPs was assessed by oxyblot. Differential gel electrophoresis (DiGE) and CyDye thiol labelling were employed for screening of reversibly oxidised proteome. Irreversible protein oxidation was not affected by AngII or ET-1 in VSMCs from NT and HT subjects. Proteomic data, filtered for FC ,2, detected 2051 spots with 1899 (92.5%) being equally oxidised between NT and HT. In addition, oxidation of 57 (2.9%) spots was increased, while 95 (4.6%) were decreased in HT. Candidate proteins exhibiting consistent changes across three experimental replicates included ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/101/Suppl_6/A13.3
Thiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling, Part A, Volume 473 - 1st EditionThiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling, Part A, Volume 473 - 1st Edition
Purchase Thiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling, Part A, Volume 473 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780123813459, 9780123813466
https://www.elsevier.com/books/thiol-redox-transitions-in-cell-signaling-part-a/cadenas/978-0-12-381345-9
A Mathematical Model for In-Cylinder Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in Spark-Ignition Engines - SAE InternationalA Mathematical Model for In-Cylinder Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons in Spark-Ignition Engines - SAE International
Our earlier experimental study has shown that exhaust unburnt hydrocarbon emissions from spark-ignition engines can be reduced effectively by using in-cylinder catalysts on the surface of the piston top-land crevice. In order to improve the understanding of the process and mechanism by means of which unburnt hydrocarbon emissions are reduced, a phenomenological mathematical model was developed for catalytic oxidation processes in the piston-ring-pack crevice.This paper describes in details the modelling of the processes of the gas flow, mass diffusion and reaction kinetics in the crevices. The flow in the crevices is assumed to be isothermal and at the temperature of the piston crown surface. The overall rate of reaction is calculated using expressions for mass diffusion for laminar flows in channels and a first-order Arrhenius-type expression for catalytic reaction kinetics of hydrocarbon oxidation over platinum.The model is capable of describing the time-dependent behaviour of the gas flow and ...
http://papers.sae.org/961196/
Could Oxidation Event Have Been Caused By Nickel Famine? - RedorbitCould Oxidation Event Have Been Caused By Nickel Famine? - Redorbit
The Earths original atmosphere held very little oxygen. This began to change around 2.4 billion years ago when oxygen levels increased dramatically during what scientists call the Great Oxidation Event. The cause of this event has puzzled scientists, but researchers writing in Nature have found indications in ancient sedimentary rocks that it may have been linked to a drop in the level of dissolved nickel in seawater.. The Great Oxidation Event is what irreversibly changed surface environments on Earth and ultimately made advanced life possible, says research team member Dominic Papineau of the Carnegie Institutions Geophysical Laboratory. It was a major turning point in the evolution of our planet, and we are getting closer to understanding how it occurred.. The researchers, led by Kurt Konhauser of the University of Alberta in Edmonton, analyzed the trace element composition of sedimentary rocks known as banded-iron formations, or BIFs, from dozens of different localities around the ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1668108/could_oxidation_event_have_been_caused_by_nickel_famine/
Biomimetic Reactions : Water Oxidation and Aerobic OxidationBiomimetic Reactions : Water Oxidation and Aerobic Oxidation
This thesis deals mainly with two oxidation reactions: water oxidation and aerobic oxidation, both of which have been applied in a biomimetic fashion. In the former reaction molecular oxygen is generated whereas in the latter it was used as terminal oxidant in oxidation reactions.. The first part of this thesis describes the synthesis of different ruthenium and manganese complexes that could potentially act as catalysts for water oxidation. This part includes a discussion of the stability and reactivity of a new manganese(III) amide-type complex, that has been used as a catalyst for both epoxidation of stilbene and alcohol oxidation.. The second part of this thesis discusses the synthesis of two new hybrid catalysts consisting of hydroquinone linked cobalt(II) salophen and cobalt(II) salmdpt, which have been used as oxygen-activating catalysts in aerobic oxidation reactions. The former catalyst was applied to the Pd-catalyzed reactions such as 1,4-diacetoxylation of cyclohexadiene whereas the ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:208205
NADPH as a co-substrate for studies of the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase | Biochemical JournalNADPH as a co-substrate for studies of the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase | Biochemical Journal
The reinvestigation of the kinetics of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity with the use of NADPH as a probe has allowed us to determine the effects of H2O2, Cl- ion and pH on the MPO-dependent production of HOCl. The chlorination rate of NADPH did not depend on NADPH concentration and was entirely related to the rate of production of HOCl by MPO. The overall oxidation of NADPH occurred similarly in the absence of O2 and was insensitive to scavengers of the superoxide radical anion. Experiments performed on the direct oxidation of NADPH by MPO in the presence and the absence of H2O2 showed that neither the rate nor the stoichiometry of the reaction could interfere in the NADPH oxidation process involved in the steady-state chlorination cycle. The oxidation of NADPH was characterized by a decrease in the A339 of the reduced nicotinamide with the concomitant appearance of a new chomophore with absorbance maximum at 274 nm, characterized by isosbestic points at 300 and 238 nm. The reaction product did ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/343/3/603
Decreased Complete Oxidation Capacity of Fatty Acid in the Liver of Ketotic Cowsa | Korea ScienceDecreased Complete Oxidation Capacity of Fatty Acid in the Liver of Ketotic Cowsa | Korea Science
Decreased Complete Oxidation Capacity of Fatty Acid in the Liver of Ketotic Cowsa - Dairy Cow;Ketosis, Liver;Fatty Acid Oxidation;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1DMBP_2010_v23n3_312
MU | Faculty Site | Dr. SaMeH S. AhmedMU | Faculty Site | Dr. SaMeH S. Ahmed
Oxidation - A process that results in a species having a higher oxidation state, that is, the net loss of electrons from an atom. Quite often oxygen is involved in the oxidation of another atom; therefore it is an oxidant Redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed. This can be either a simple redox process, such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide (CO2) or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), or a complex process such as the oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in the human body through a series of complex electron transfer processes. Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, have a number of similarities to acid-base reactions. Fundamentally, redox reactions are a family of reactions that are concerned with the transfer of electrons between species. The term comes from the two concepts of reduction and oxidation.[1] It can be explained in simple terms: ...
https://faculty.mu.edu.sa/smohamed/Oxidation
Stress-responsive MTK1 SAPKKK serves as a redox sensor that mediates delayed and sustained activation of SAPKs by oxidative...
In this study, we provide the first evidence that the MTK1 SAPKKK serves as an oxidative stress sensor that perceives cellular redox states and converts them into intracellular signaling to regulate cell fate decisions such as cell death and cytokine production. This stress sensor is unique in that it does not simply detect intracellular oxidation events but it responds to coupled oxidation and reduction reactions, and it also acts as an effector to induce delayed and sustained activation of SAPK signaling through its C-terminal KD. We found that the three Cys residues (C163/C193/C218) in its N-terminal GBD were critical for the redox sensor function of MTK1. These residues are rapidly oxidized and then gradually reduced following oxidative stress exposure, and, of these residues, the redox regulation of C218 is essential for the activation of the KD. Therefore, the GBD of MTK1 not only binds to the GADD45 proteins to respond to GADD45-inducing stresses (e.g., DNA damage) but also perceives ...
https://thehub.press/2020/06/26/stress-responsive-mtk1-sapkkk-serves-as-a-redox-sensor-that-mediates-delayed-and-sustained-activation-of-sapks-by-oxidative-stress/
talks.cam : Comprehensive laboratory studies of hydrocarbon oxidation mechanismstalks.cam : Comprehensive laboratory studies of hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms
If you have a question about this talk, please contact Dr Alex Archibald.. The phenomenon of air pollution is underpinned by a rich chemistry that is largely determined by the interplay between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions into the atmosphere. Central to this chemistry are the oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons, which play a pivotal role in determining the capacity of a hydrocarbon to pollute the air. However, quantitative and complete measurements of the mechanisms by which oxidation occurs are very uncommon, especially as a function of temperature.. A comprehensive study of one such mechanism, that of i-butanol with the OH radical, will be presented. In this example, multiple branching and sequential oxidation reactions lead to different end products that are determined by the initial site of OH attack. These branching ratios are found to exhibit temperature dependence, and therefore, under real-world conditions would lead to an end product distribution that changes according to both ...
https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/67849
Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated...Orientation on the Mechanistics of Electron-Transfer on Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-Sulfate as Sustainable Sulfated...
A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS) as a sustainable and biodegradable sulfated macromolecule by oxyanion permanganate ion as multi-equivalent oxidant in acid perchlorate solutions at a constant ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm-3 has been studied. The experimental results on the influence of the concentration of the reactants the reaction rates revealed first-order dependence in MnO4- , fractional second-order in [CS] and fractional first-order with respect to the hydrogen ion concentration. The hydrogen acid concentration dependence of the rate constants indicated that the oxidation rates were increased with increasing the acid concentration which means that the oxidation reaction is of acid-catalyzed nature. The oxidation of all other polysaccharides by this oxidant in acidic solutions indicated that the oxidation processes were proceeding throughout two distinct stages. The first stage was relatively slow, followed by a more fast reaction in the second
https://techscience.com/jrm/v8n2/38370
Direct Reduction Process Silica Slovakia
Reaction behavior of ferric oxide in system Fe2O3-SiO2Mar 01, 2016· The thermodynamic analyses and reductive sintering experimental results show that
https://www.mostremercatoumbria.it/2018-07-11/11843/1531346832.html
Direct Reduction Process Silica Slovakia
Reaction behavior of ferric oxide in system Fe2O3-SiO2Mar 01, 2016· The thermodynamic analyses and reductive sintering experimental results show that
https://www.mostremercatoumbria.it/2020-07-09/8304/1594278436.html
Oxidation-Reduction Potentials
One way to quantify whether a substance is a strong oxidizing agent or a strong reducing agent is to use the oxidation-reduction potential or redox potential. Strong reducing agents can be said to have a high electron-transfer potential. Strong oxidizing agents have low electron-transfer potential. Oxidizing and reducing agents occur as couples, with a strong reducing agent coupled with a weak oxidizing agent and vice versa. Since these processes involve the transfer of electrons, the measurement of the resulting charge separation can be quantified in voltage measured between the couple and a standard hydrogen half-cell with 1 molar hydrogen and 1 atmosphere of hydrogen pressure on it. The redox potential of the hydrogen is zero at pH=0, but for tabulations a pH=7 is used for the hydrogen and under those conditions its redox potential is -0.421 volts. As a useful reference, the redox potentials of couples that commonly occur in biochemistry can give insight into their roles in biological energy ...
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/redoxp.html
Transformations of halogenated hydrocarbons : hydrolysis and redox processes (Book, 1990) [WorldCat.org]Transformations of halogenated hydrocarbons : hydrolysis and redox processes (Book, 1990) [WorldCat.org]
Get this from a library! Transformations of halogenated hydrocarbons : hydrolysis and redox processes. [N Lee Wolfe; Peter M Jeffers; Environmental Research Laboratory (Athens, Ga.)]
http://www.worldcat.org/title/transformations-of-halogenated-hydrocarbons-hydrolysis-and-redox-processes/oclc/21979924
NUTRITIONAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT FAT OXIDATION RATES DURING EXERCISENUTRITIONAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT FAT OXIDATION RATES DURING EXERCISE
Achten, J., and A.E. Jeukendrup (2003). The effect of pre-exercise carbohydrate feedings on the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. J. Sports Sci. 21:1017-1024.. Achten, J., M. Gleeson, and A. E. Jeukendrup (2002). Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 34:92-97.. Achten, J., M.C. Venables, and A.E. Jeukendrup (2003). Fat oxidation rates are higher during running compared with cycling over a wide range of intensities. Metabolism 52:747-752.. Burke, L.M., and J.A. Hawley (2018). Swifter, higher, stronger: Whats on the menu? Science 362:781-787.. Burke, L.M., M.L. Ross, L.A. Garvican-Lewis, M. Welvaert, I.A. Heikura, S.G. Forbes, J.G. Mirtschin, L.E. Cato, N. Strobel, A.P. Sharma, and J.A. Hawley (2017). Low carbohydrate, high fat diet impairs exercise economy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in elite race walkers. J. Physiol. 595:2785-2807. Chrzanowski-Smith, O.J., R.M. Edinburgh, M.P. Thomas, N. ...
https://www.gssiweb.org/en/sports-science-exchange/Article/nutritional-factors-that-affect-fat-oxidation-rates-during-exercise
Novel Redox Intermediates | Science SignalingNovel Redox Intermediates | Science Signaling
Understanding how oxidation of proteins leads to reversible alterations in protein function is relevant for proteins involved in cellular signaling processes, including protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Two groups, Salmeen et al. and van Montfort et al., show that PTP1B is reversibly oxidized by such chemicals as hydrogen peroxide or 2-phenyl-isoxazalidine-3,5-dione and forms a previously uncharacterized sulfenyl-amide because of oxidation of the catalytic site cysteine. Both groups analyzed the crystal structure of PTP1B after exposure to oxidizing conditions and identified the formation of the sulfenyl-amide, which caused large changes in the conformation of the active site. Salmeen et al. reported inhibition of substrate binding in the peroxide-exposed PTP1B, consistent with the structural changes blocking substrate recognition. This novel intermediate may effectively protect PTP1B from irreversible inactivation that would result from the formation of sulfinic or sulfonic acids.. A. ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2003/187/TW231
OPUS Würzburg | SearchOPUS Würzburg | Search
Cysteines play important roles in the biochemistry of many proteins. The high reactivity, redox properties, and ability of the free thiol group to coordinate metal ions designate cysteines as the amino acids of choice to form key catalytic components of many enzymes. Also, cysteines readily react with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to form reversible oxidative thiol modifications. Over the last few years, an increasing number of proteins have been identified that use redox-mediated thiol modifications to modulate their function, activity, or localization. These redox-regulated proteins are central players in numerous important cellular processes. First aim of this study was to discover nitric oxide (NO) sensitive proteins in E. coli, whose redox-mediated functional changes might explain the physiological alterations observed in E. coli cells suffering from NO-stress. To identify E. coli proteins that undergo reversible thiol modifications upon NO-treatment in vivo, I applied a differential ...
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/all/rows/20/facetNumber_subject/all/institutefq/Theodor-Boveri-Institut+f%C3%BCr+Biowissenschaften/start/0/subjectfq/Chronologisches+Altern
FRET-BASED BIOSENSORS TO MONITOR REDOX IN CELL CYCLE REGULATION | Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT)FRET-BASED BIOSENSORS TO MONITOR REDOX IN CELL CYCLE REGULATION | Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT)
Cancer can be viewed as a state in which the balance between cell proliferation and cell death aberrantly favors the former. We and others have discovered that the intracellular redox environment exerts a profound influence on the normal cellular processes that regulate the balance between proliferation and cell death, including DNA synthesis, enzyme activation, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In fact, it could be argued that redox homeostasis is central to the governance of cell fate. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms mediating redox sensitivity and regulation within cells are still poorly defined. Current pharmacological methods to alter intracellular redox state are limited by (i) their inability to operate independent of global biochemical alterations and cellular toxicity, and (ii) the required significant manipulation of culture conditions that perturb intracellular homeostasis. Our genetic constructs overcome these limitations as they enable ...
https://imat.cancer.gov/node/4656
Apoptosis, redox stress and cancer.
Apoptosis is a regulated programme by which cells are induced to die in a manner which does not result in pathological inflammatory reactions, and involves dismantling of the cell into membrane-bound fragments that are removed by phagocytosis. This process is induced in order to remodel tissues and maintain homeostasis in cell numbers. Apoptosis may be induced via many pathways, many of which are redox-regulated, and is dysregulated in cancer cells, mainly due to mutational inactivation of certain pathways. Cancer cells also have a non-linear response to redox imbalance, a potentially exploitable characteristic for the therapeutic selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells in mixed cell populations. Model cell culture systems are required for the selective toxicity testing of anti-cancer drugs, many of which work by inducing redox stress. In the current study, hydrogen peroxide was selected as the redox stress-inducing agent, and the test cells were an immortal, non-invasive breast ...
http://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/9810?show=full
Patente US5087271 - Partial oxidation process - Google PatentesPatente US5087271 - Partial oxidation process - Google Patentes
This process pertains to a achieving high on-stream time and maintaining the temperature and composition of the raw effluent gas stream from a partial oxidation gas generator being fed simultaneously with a stream of gaseous fuel and separate stream of liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel. Two parallel oxygen streams equipped with flow transmitters and control valves are used to supply the oxygen associated with two separate and different fuel streams. Each stream of oxygen is controlled by an O2 /fuel ratio control so that if the flow rate of either stream of fuel or its related oxygen stream changes, the oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of the remaining O2 and fuel stream in the gasifier is maintained at a desired value. Further, if either fuel flow is stopped, its associated O2 flow will stop, but the remaining fuel stream and its associated O2 stream will continue to flow at the same rate with no change in the oxygen/fuel weight ratio. Complete shut down of the unit is thereby avoided. The quick raising of
http://www.google.es/patents/US5087271
fad to fadh2 oxidation or reductionfad to fadh2 oxidation or reduction
They act as electron carriers and participates in oxidation-reduction reactions of reaction intermediates. (b) Calculate the ΔG0 for a 2 electron transfer between these two electron carriers. Faradays constant is 96.5kJ V-1 mole-1 . FAD can be reduced to FADH 2 through the addition of 2 H + and 2 e −.FADH 2 can also be oxidized by the loss of 1 H + and 1 e − to form FADH. The FAD form can be recreated through the further loss of 1 H + and 1 e −.FAD formation can also occur through the reduction and dehydration of flavin-N(5)-oxide. These redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions play a crucial role in energy generation. The reduction potential of FAD/FADH2 is -0.22 V and that of CoQ/CoQH2 is 0.06V. Using The Reduction Potential Chart Below, Prove That The Electrons Will Flow In The Direction Indicated, I.e, First From Succinate To FAD And Second, From FADH2 To DCPIP. FAD et NAD+ dans loxydation des lipides/respiration cellulaire ----- Bonjour à tous, Jaurais deux petites question ...
https://ketronixs.com/wp-content/e-commerce-kfq/b19e7d-fad-to-fadh2-oxidation-or-reduction
Aquatic Redox Chemistry - Paul Tratnyek; Timothy Grundl; Stefan Haderlein - Oxford University PressAquatic Redox Chemistry - Paul Tratnyek; Timothy Grundl; Stefan Haderlein - Oxford University Press
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions are among the most important and interesting chemical reactions that occur in aquatic environmental systems, which include soils, sediments, aquifers, rivers, lakes, estuaries, water treatment and distribution systems, etc. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of aquatic redox chemistry through chapters contributed by many of the leading investigators in the field.
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/aquatic-redox-chemistry-9780841226524?cc=revNumResPerPage=20vNumResPerPage=20&lang=en
The oxidative degradation and C-C coupling reaction of dibenzoazepine derivatives by peroxydisulfate ion and sulfate radical in...The oxidative degradation and C-C coupling reaction of dibenzoazepine derivatives by peroxydisulfate ion and sulfate radical in...
The oxidation of dibenzoazepine derivatives has been proposed in the literature to lead to an intensively colored dimer, which is a product of a four-electron oxidation process [15]. Electrospray ionization MS spectra (Scheme 1, Fig. S2, Supporting Information) show the presence of molecular and characteristic fragmentation peaks for dimer 7: 557 (M-H), 279 (M-C19H23N2 monomer) m/z; dimer 8: 474 (MH+), 388 (M-C5H12N), 86 (M-C28H24N2) m/z; dimer 9: 388 (M+•) m/z; methyl derivative of dimer: 488 (MH+, low abundance) m/z; hydroxy derivative of imipramine: 297 (MH+, low abundance), 279 (M-OH), 86 (M-C14H13NO) m/z. The molecular and fragmentation peaks for imipramine (6) were as follows: 281 (MH+), 236 (M-C2H6N), 208 (M-C4H10N), 86 (M-C14H12N), 58 (M-C16H16N) m/z. A cleavage of the alkyl substituent, which leads to the formation of dimers 8 and 9, occurs at the stage of oxidation of the compound but is not due to the spontaneous degradation process because an analogous process does not occur in the ...
https://akjournals.com/view/journals/11144/107/1/article-p1.xml?rskey=qtwSzg&result=24
DIGITAL.CSIC: Synthesis and characterization of new paramagnetic tetraaryl derivatives of chromium and molybdenumDIGITAL.CSIC: Synthesis and characterization of new paramagnetic tetraaryl derivatives of chromium and molybdenum
The low-temperature reaction of [CrCl3(thf)3] with LiC6H3Cl2-2,6 yields the organochromium(III) compound [Li(thf)4][CrIII(C6H3Cl2-2,6)4] (1) in 48% yield. The homoleptic, anionic species [CrIII(C6H3Cl2-2,6)4]− is electrochemically related to the neutral one [CrIV(C6H3Cl2-2,6)4] (2) through a reversible one-electron exchange process (E1/2 = 0.16 V, ΔEp = 0.09 V, ipa/ipc = 1.18). Compound 2 was isolated in 74% yield by chemical oxidation of 1 with [N(C6H4Br-4)3][SbCl6]. Attempts to prepare the salt [NBu4][CrIII(C6Cl5)4] (4) by direct arylation of [CrCl3(thf)3] with LiC6Cl5 in the presence of [NBu4]Br gave the organochromium(II) salt [NBu4]2[CrII(C6Cl5)4] (3) instead, as the result of a reduction process. The salt [NBu4][CrIII(C6Cl5)4] (4) was cleanly prepared by comproportionation of 3 and [CrIV(C6Cl5)4]. The reaction of [MoCl4(dme)] with LiC6Cl5 in Et2O solution proceeded with oxidation of the metal center to give the paramagnetic (S = 1/2), five-coordinate salt [Li(thf)4][MoVO(C6Cl5)4] (5). ...
https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/19595
The Benefits of Antioxidants DefinedThe Benefits of Antioxidants Defined
To understand the benefits of antioxidants its important to know what an antioxidant does. An antioxidant is anything that can slow down or stop the oxidation process once it has started. The oxidation process is a chemical reaction that involves ...
http://www.healthreviewer.com/the-benefits-of-antioxidants-defined
cro2cl2 oxidation state
Which oxidation states are more characteristic for lead and tin? Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. (+ 1) + (- 2) + x + (-2) 2+ (-2) + 1 = 0 or x+2-8=0 or x-6=0 or x=6 Oxidation number of S in H2SO5 is + 6 Ans. * Let oxidation no of Mn be x . HO2- thus represents the oxidation state -1 for oxygen at pH=14 The O2 may be due to the auto-oxidation leaving the oxygen in the 0 oxidation state. The only exception is the presence of FTIR features above 800 cm −1 that are consistent with higher-oxidation-state Cr species. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. * The algebraic sum of oxidation no. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with non-metals, but it has an oxidation number of -1 when combined with metals. ground (elementary) state or in any of their oxidation states. Vous pouvez modifier vos choix à tout moment dans vos ...
https://strandhaus-nordlicht.de/vuwoyz2p/viewtopic.php?50afb5=cro2cl2-oxidation-state
Solubilities of CO<sub>2</sub> and Redox Equilibria of Sb and As in NaO<sub>0.5</sub>-SbO<sub>m</sub> and NaO...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Solubilities of CO2 and Redox Equilibria of Sb and As in NaO0.5-SbOm and NaO0.5-AsOm Melts. AU - Fujisawa, Toshiharu. AU - Yamauchi, Chikabumi. AU - Fukuyama, Hiroyuki. AU - Kato, Toru. AU - Ikitsu, Yasuaki. PY - 1992/1/1. Y1 - 1992/1/1. N2 - Solubilities of CO2and redox ratios of Sb and As (nSb3+/nSb5+, nAs3+/nAs5+, n: the number of moles) in NaO0.5-SbOmand NaO0.5AsOm melts were studied. The equilibrium measurements were conducted over the composition range of [formula omitted] under the partial pressures of CO2and O2of 0.01∼0.1 MPa and 0.005∼1000 Pa, respectively, at the temperatures of 1423 and 1523 K. Antimony exists in NaO0.5CO2SbOm melts not only in pentavalent (SbO43-) but also in trivalent (SbO2-) state, their relative proportions depending on the experimental conditions. The CO2solubility in the melts is, therefore, determined by the following reactions: [formula omitted] and [formula omitted]. Arsenic exists predominantly in the form of pentavalent anion (AsO43-) in ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/solubilities-of-cosub2sub-and-redox-equilibria-of-sb-and-as-in-na-2
Biologic Oxidation | Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill MedicalBiologic Oxidation | Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry, 30e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill Medical
Chemically, oxidation is defined as the removal of electrons and reduction as the gain of electrons. Thus, oxidation of a molecule (the electron donor) is always accompanied by reduction of a second molecule (the electron acceptor). This principle of oxidation-reduction applies equally to biochemical systems and is an important concept underlying understanding of the nature of biologic oxidation. Note that many biologic oxidations can take place without the participation of molecular oxygen, for example, dehydrogenations. The life of higher animals is absolutely dependent upon a supply of oxygen for respiration, the process by which cells derive energy in the form of ATP from the controlled reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to form water. In addition, molecular oxygen is incorporated into a variety of substrates by enzymes designated as oxygenases; many drugs, pollutants, and chemical carcinogens (xenobiotics) are metabolized by enzymes of this class, known as the cytochrome P450 system. ...
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1366§ionid=73243272
Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions The reactant that is oxidized loses electrons...Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions The reactant that is oxidized loses electrons...
Photosynthesis is a redox process both OXIDATION AND REDUCTION. Oxidation and reduction go hand in hand. Cellular respiration is a redox process too, both oxidation and reduction. so in Photosynthesis carbon dioxide (CO2) is reduced to form sugar (C6H12O6) while in respiration, sugar (C6H12O6) is oxidized to form carbon dioxide (CO2). ;) (Campbell, Biology sixth edition, pag, 110, Figure 7.4A and Figure 7.4B) Vete ...
http://www.xmms.org/qna/Which_of_the_following_statements_is_not_true_of_most_cellular_redox_reactions____The_reactant_that_is_oxidized_loses_electrons____The_electron_accept-qna1104152.html
Oxidation Reduction Agent - Oxidation Reduction Agent Suppliers, Buyers, Wholesalers and Manufacturers - ecplaza.netOxidation Reduction Agent - Oxidation Reduction Agent Suppliers, Buyers, Wholesalers and Manufacturers - ecplaza.net
Oxidation Reduction Agent directory ☆ Oxidation Reduction Agent manufacturers, suppliers ☆ Oxidation Reduction Agent buyers, importers, wholesalers, distributors
https://www.ecplaza.net/oxidation-reduction-agent--everything
NEBRASKA REDOX BIOLOGY CENTER EDUCATIONAL PORTAL
This resource was assembled for the primary purpose of serving the research needs of students and investigators in the field of redox biology. Redox biology is wide-ranging and complex and can present significant challenges to investigators seeking to address research questions in biological systems. Our goal is provide information on the basic principles of redox biology and links to important research resources. For example, a page is devoted to reactive oxygen species highlighting the chemical properties and methods of detection for different reactive oxygen species. In addition, functional and structural information is provided for key redox enzymes/proteins as well as properties of redox metals. Links to various bioinformatics tools are also available which allow researchers to search for selenoproteins, metal binding proteins, redox active cysteines, and glutathionylation sites in proteins. Finally, we have a page devoted to advances in redox medicine with a primary focus on cancer, ...
http://genomics.unl.edu/RBC_EDU/index.php
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: ...Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: ...
Publication Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment: Fundamentals and Applications. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)that rely on the efficient ...
https://www.environmental-expert.com/books/advanced-oxidation-processes-for-water-treatment-fundamentals-and-applications-46933
Redox-Responsive, Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Capable of On-Demand, Concurrent Drug Release and Structure Disassembly -...Redox-Responsive, Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Capable of On-Demand, Concurrent Drug Release and Structure Disassembly -...
We developed camptothecin (CPT)-conjugated, core-cross-linked (CCL) micelles that are subject to redox-responsive cleavage of the built-in disulfide bonds, resulting in disruption of the micellar structure and rapid release of CPT. CCL micelles were prepared via coprecipitation of disulfide-containing CPT-poly(tyrosine(alkynyl)-OCA) conjugate and monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(tyrosine(alkynyl)-OCA), followed by cross-linking of the micellar core via azide-alkyne click chemistry. CCL micelles exhibited excellent stability under physiological conditions, while they underwent rapid dissociation in reduction circumstance, resulting in burst release of CPT. These redox-responsive CCL micelles showed enhanced cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells in vitro. Wang, Hua; Tang, Li; Tu, Chunlai; Song, Ziyuan; Yin, Qian; Yin, Lichen; Zhang, Zhonghai; Cheng, Jianjun
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/220727
PPT - Chapter 4: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions PowerPoint Presentation - ID:807033PPT - Chapter 4: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions PowerPoint Presentation - ID:807033
Chapter 4: Oxidation - Reduction Reactions. Oxidation - Reduction Reactions involve the gain and loss of electrons. The species involved in these reactions may be atoms, molecules,or ions. Cation : a positively charged ion. (More protons than electrons.) Slideshow 807033 by valterra
https://www.slideserve.com/valterra/chapter-4-oxidation-reduction-reactions
AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the ischaemic heart | Biochemical Society Transactions |...AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of fatty acid oxidation in the ischaemic heart | Biochemical Society Transactions |...
The heart relies predominantly on a balance between fatty acids and glucose to generate its energy supply. There is an important interaction between the metabolic pathways of these two substrates in the heart. When circulating levels of fatty acids are high, fatty acid oxidation can dominate over glucose oxidation as a source of energy through feedback inhibition of the glucose oxidation pathway. Following an ischaemic episode, fatty acid oxidation rates increase further, resulting in an uncoupling between glycolysis and glucose oxidation. This uncoupling results in an increased proton production, which worsens ischaemic damage. Since high rates of fatty acid oxidation can contribute to ischaemic damage by inhibiting glucose oxidation, it is important to maintain proper control of fatty acid oxidation both during and following ischaemia. An important molecule that controls myocardial fatty acid oxidation is malonyl-CoA, which inhibits uptake of fatty acids into the mitochondria. The levels of ...
https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/31/1/207/63115/AMPactivated-protein-kinase-regulation-of-fatty
Oxidation & Reduction MCQ - Quiz Question - Chemistry MCQs AnswersOxidation & Reduction MCQ - Quiz Question - Chemistry MCQs Answers
Oxidation & reduction MCQ quiz, oxidation & reduction multiple choice questions answers, online chemistry quiz MCQs old paintings can be restored through oxidizing agent with answers.
http://www.mcqslearn.com/o-level/chemistry/oxidation-reduction-gain-loss-oxygen.php
Environmental Remediation - Surfactant Enhanced In-situ Chemical Oxidation by VeruTEK Technologies, Inc.Environmental Remediation - Surfactant Enhanced In-situ Chemical Oxidation by VeruTEK Technologies, Inc.
Surfactant Enhanced In-situ Chemical Oxidation by VeruTEK Technologies, Inc.. VeruTEK’s patented S-ISCO (Surfactant Enhanced In-situ Chemical Oxidation) process incorporates VeruSOL, a biodegradable, plant-based surfactant/co-solvent mixture th...
https://www.environmental-expert.com/products/surfactant-enhanced-in-situ-chemical-oxidation-208472
Oxidation resistance of the nanostructured YSZ coating on the IN-738 superalloy
Conventional and nanostructured YSZ coatings were deposited on the IN-738 Ni super alloy by the atmospheric plasma spray technique. The oxidation was measured at 1100°C in an atmospheric electrical furnace. According to the experimental results the nanostructured coatings showed a better oxidation resistance than the conventional ones. The improved oxidation resistance of the nanocoating could be explained by the change in structure to a dense and more packed structure in this coating. The mechanical properties of the coatings were tested using the thermal cyclic, nanoindentation and bond strength tests, during which the nanostructured YSZ coating showed a better performance by structural stability.
https://jufgnsm.ut.ac.ir/article_52799.html
Ch 10 Oxidation and Reduction 10 Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation-reduction and Oxygen - Semantic ScholarCh 10 Oxidation and Reduction 10 Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation-reduction and Oxygen - Semantic Scholar
The importance of oxidation-reduction reactions was recognized from the beginning of chemistry. In oxidation-reduction, some entity is given or taken between two reacting chemicals. The situation is similar to that in acid-base reactions. In brief, oxidation-reduction and acid-base reactions form a pair of systems in chemistry. Oxidation-reduction and acid-base reactions share a common feature in that both had been put into practice before the nature of the reactions was clarified. Important concepts have gradually been developed: for example, the oxidation number, an oxidant (an oxidizing agent), a reductant (a reducing agent), electromotive force, Nernsts equation, Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, and electrolysis. The development of electric cells was significant. Assembling the components of an oxidation-reduction reaction is good practice and a satisfying intellectual challenge. Cells and electrolysis are two particularly important examples because both are strongly related to everyday
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Ch-10-Oxidation-and-Reduction-10-Oxidation-and-Red-Becher/4aaf1c00dc6b77718888b714f50be33f95813e42
Photochemical Purification of Water and Air: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Principles, Reaction Mechanisms, Reactor...Photochemical Purification of Water and Air: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Principles, Reaction Mechanisms, Reactor...
Ellibs Ebookstore - Ebook: Photochemical Purification of Water and Air: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs): Principles, Reaction Mechanisms, Reactor Concepts - Author: Oppenländer, Thomas - Price: 151,80€
https://www.ellibs.com/book/9783527610891/photochemical-purification-of-water-and-air-advanced-oxidation-processes-aops-principles-reaction-mechanisms-reactor-concepts
Chapter 5 Oxidation Reduction Reactions - PDFChapter 5 Oxidation Reduction Reactions - PDF
Chapter 5 Oxidation Reduction Reactions Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter, 7E Jespersen/Hyslop Chapter in Context Define oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and oxidation numbers
http://docplayer.net/45062148-Chapter-5-oxidation-reduction-reactions.html
Future Vision of Advanced Oxidation Process and its Immediate Efficacy - A Deep, Insightful Comprehension and a Far-Reaching...Future Vision of Advanced Oxidation Process and its Immediate Efficacy - A Deep, Insightful Comprehension and a Far-Reaching...
Volume 33: Future Vision of Advanced Oxidation Process and its Immediate Efficacy - A Deep, Insightful Comprehension and a Far-Reaching Review
https://www.scipress.com/ILCPA.33.136
Publication - Kinetics of the thermal reduction process in graphene oxide thin films from in-situ transport measurements -...Publication - Kinetics of the thermal reduction process in graphene oxide thin films from in-situ transport measurements -...
|p|We investigate the influence of the thermal annealing process on the transport properties of thin films made of graphene oxide. Specially developed methodology allows us to demonstrate that the thermal annealing process of graphene oxide thin films can be described as a kinetic process with one activation energy, which equals0.94eV ± 0.12eV. Moreover, we show that the electrical transport mechanism evolves with the annealing temperature (reduction level) of GO thin films. We have noticed that the Variable Range Hopping transport model change from 3D, 2D to Efros-Shklvoskii with a reduction level. Our findings contribute to further understanding of the role of kinetics in thermal reduction processes of thin films made of graphene oxide and could be useful in applications in which electrical parameters need to be tuned.|/p|
https://repo.pw.edu.pl/info/article/WUTacee6dbc5a5b48e6b1feb89775f67a81/
Groundwater chemistry and redox processes : Depth dependent arsenic release mechanismGroundwater chemistry and redox processes : Depth dependent arsenic release mechanism
Patchy occurrences of elevated As are often encountered in groundwater from the shallow aquifers (,50 m) of the Bengal Delta Plain (BDP). A clear understanding of various biogeochemical processes, responsible for As mobilization, is very important to explain this patchy occurrence and thus to mitigate the problem. The present study deals with the periodical monitoring of groundwater quality of five nested piezometeric wells between December 2008 and July 2009 to investigate the temporal changes in groundwater chemistry vis-a-vis the prevalent redox processes in the aquifer. Geochemical modeling has been carried out to identify key phases present in groundwater. A correlation study among different aqueous redox parameters has also been performed to evaluate prevailing redox processes in the aquifer. The long term monitoring of hydrochemical parameters in the multilevel wells together with hydrogeochemical equilibrium modeling has shown more subtle differences in the geochemical environment of the ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:414616
Regulation of the V-type ATPase by redox modulation | Biochemical JournalRegulation of the V-type ATPase by redox modulation | Biochemical Journal
ATP-hydrolysis and proton pumping by the V-ATPase (vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase) are subject to redox regulation in mammals, yeast and plants. Oxidative inhibition of the V-ATPase is ascribed to disulfide-bond formation between conserved cysteine residues at the catalytic site of subunit A. Subunits containing amino acid substitutions of one of three conserved cysteine residues of VHA-A were expressed in a vha-A null mutant background in Arabidopsis. In vitro activity measurements revealed a complete absence of oxidative inhibition in the transgenic line expressing VHA-A C256S, confirming that Cys256 is necessary for redox regulation. In contrast, oxidative inhibition was unaffected in plants expressing VHA-A C279S and VHA-A C535S, indicating that disulfide bridges involving these cysteine residues are not essential for oxidative inhibition. In vivo data suggest that oxidative inhibition might not represent a general regulatory mechanism in plants. ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/448/2/243
Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Electrodes Suppliers in District of Columbia: Grainger Industrial Supply - Grainger...Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Electrodes Suppliers in District of Columbia: Grainger Industrial Supply - Grainger...
Locate Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Electrodes suppliers, manufacturers & distributors in District of Columbia. Interactive map of District of Columbia provided.
http://www.globalspec.com/local/5473/DC
Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Instruments Suppliers in California: Myron L Company - Grainger Industrial SupplyOxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Instruments Suppliers in California: Myron L Company - Grainger Industrial Supply
Locate Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Instruments suppliers, manufacturers & distributors in California. Interactive map of California provided.
http://www.globalspec.com/local/5474/CA
Brevet US3536457 - Catalytic oxidation unit for domestic oven exhaust - Google BrevetsBrevet US3536457 - Catalytic oxidation unit for domestic oven exhaust - Google Brevets
2 Sheets-Sheet 1 w. L. HENDERSON I CATALYTIC OXIDATION UNIT FOR DOMESTIC OVEN EXHAUST Oct. 27,1970 Filed Feb WAYNE L. HENDERSON ms ATTORNEY Oct. 27 41970 w, HENDERSON 3,536,?!- CATALYTIC OXIDATION UNIT FOR DOMESTIC-OVENBXIIAUST Filed Feb. 21, 1968 2 shms snm a was I FIG.4 . l I I l I I I I I I I I I o 5 l 3o 4o so 6o INVENTOIL WAYNE L. neuoaasou HIS ATTORNEY United States Patent US. Cl. 23-288 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A catalytic oxidation unit useful in eliminating smoke and odors issuing from the exhaust vent of a domestic cooking oven, particularly a high temperature, selfcleaning oven using a pyrolytic process for degrading food soils. The oxidation unit comprises a hollow housing supporting a plurality of catalyst coated gas burners of cellular ceramic construction and having a high surface-tovolume ratio. The housing has an intake port and an exhaust port and includes a partition which separates the housing into intake and afterburner compartments; with the gas flow being ...
http://www.google.fr/patents/US3536457
redox potential example
2Cl-with an E° of +1.36 volts, so chlorine is an oxidizing agent. Redox Process (Oxidation & Reduction Reaction) of Zinc & Copper. Redox events are identified by a change in current at a given potential and the center of that peak is determined as shown in red. In order to evaluate redox titrations, the shape of the corresponding titration curve must be obtained. For example, the redox potential for a lithium ion gaining an electron is shown as the half-reaction: Li + + e--> Li with an E° value of -3.05 volts, indicating that lithium is a strong reducing agent. Typical applications include corrosion monitoring or rusting for example. The C(pH,E)MD method is available since Amber version 18. Or, another example, -0.3 is relatively more positive than -0.9. It also looks at how you go about choosing a suitable oxidising agent or reducing agent for a particular reaction. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) otherwise known as a REDOX potential measures an aqueous systems capacity to either release ...
http://vilaromana.net/0v4m3/d10eac-redox-potential-example
Enhanced tissue production through redox control in stem cell-laden hydrogels<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enhanced tissue production through redox control in stem cell-laden hydrogels. AU - Reid, Branden. AU - Afzal, Junaid M.. AU - Mccartney, Annemarie M.. AU - Abraham, M. Roselle. AU - ORourke, Brian. AU - Elisseeff, Jennifer Hartt. PY - 2013/9/1. Y1 - 2013/9/1. N2 - Cellular bioenergetics and redox (reduction-oxidation) play an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation, key aspects of building new tissues. In the present study, we examined the metabolic characteristics of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) during proliferation and differentiation in both monolayer and three-dimensional biomaterial scaffolds. In monolayer, hASCs exhibited higher glycolysis and lower ox-phos as compared to both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiated cells, and hASCs demonstrated the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis). However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased during adipogenic differentiation, but decreased during osteogenic differentiation. Similarly, a ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/enhanced-tissue-production-through-redox-control-in-stem-cell-lad-3
Understanding complete oxidation of methane on spinel oxides at a molecular levelUnderstanding complete oxidation of methane on spinel oxides at a molecular level
It is crucial to develop a catalyst made of earth-abundant elements highly active for a complete oxidation of methane at a relatively low temperature. NiCo2O4 consisting of earth-abundant elements which can completely oxidize methane in the temperature range of 350-550 °C. Being a cost-effective catalyst, NiCo2O4 exhibits activity higher than precious-metal-based catalysts. Here we report that the higher catalytic activity at the relatively low temperature results from the integration of nickel cations, cobalt cations and surface lattice oxygen atoms/oxygen vacancies at the atomic scale. In situ studies of complete oxidation of methane on NiCo2O4 and theoretical simulations show that methane dissociates to methyl on nickel cations and then couple with surface lattice oxygen atoms to form -CH3O with a following dehydrogenation to −CH2O; a following oxidative dehydrogenation forms CHO; CHO is transformed to product molecules through two different sub-pathways including dehydrogenation of OCHO ...
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/22262
Microfluidic photoinduced chemical oxidation for Ru(bpy)|sub|3|/sub| |sup|3 +|/sup| chemiluminescence - A comprehensive...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Microfluidic photoinduced chemical oxidation for Ru(bpy),sub,3,/sub, ,sup,3 +,/sup, chemiluminescence - A comprehensive experimental comparison with on-chip direct chemical oxidation. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microfluidic-photoinduced-chemical-oxidation-for-rubpysub3sub-sup/fingerprints/
Prepartum body condition score affects milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidation status of Holstein cows. - Free Online...Prepartum body condition score affects milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidation status of Holstein cows. - Free Online...
Free Online Library: Prepartum body condition score affects milk yield, lipid metabolism, and oxidation status of Holstein cows. by Asian - Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences; Agricultural industry Biological sciences College football Analysis Physiological aspects Dairy industry Dairy products industry Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Fatty acids Football (College) Superoxide Superoxides Vitamin A
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Prepartum+body+condition+score+affects+milk+yield%2C+lipid+metabolism%2C...-a0612031033
Comparison of the effectiveness of soil heating prior or during in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of aged PAH-contaminated...Comparison of the effectiveness of soil heating prior or during in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of aged PAH-contaminated...
Thermal treatments prior or during chemical oxidation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils have already shown their ability to
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11356-017-8731-0
Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - High School ChemistryBalancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - High School Chemistry
Free practice questions for High School Chemistry - Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. Includes full solutions and score reporting.
https://www.varsitytutors.com/high_school_chemistry-help/balancing-oxidation-reduction-reactions
Frontiers | Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Sulfide Oxidation by Oxygen: A Look at Inorganically Controlled Reactions and...Frontiers | Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Sulfide Oxidation by Oxygen: A Look at Inorganically Controlled Reactions and...
The thermodynamics for the first electron transfer step for sulfide and oxygen indicates that the reaction is unfavorable as unstable superoxide and bisulfide radical ions would need to be produced. However, a two electron transfer is favorable as stable S(0) and peroxide would be formed, but the partially filled orbitals in oxygen that accept electrons prevent rapid kinetics. Abiotic sulfide oxidation kinetics improve when reduced iron and/or manganese are oxidized by oxygen to form oxidized metals which in turn oxidize sulfide. Biological sulfur oxidation relies on enzymes that have evolved to overcome these kinetic constraints to affect rapid sulfide oxidation. Here we review the available thermodynamic and kinetic data for H2S and HS• as well as O2, reactive oxygen species, nitrate, nitrite and NOx species. We also present new kinetic data for abiotic sulfide oxidation with oxygen in trace metal clean solutions that constrain abiotic rates of sulfide oxidation in metal free solution and agree with
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00062/full
Mechanisms underlying dioxygen reduction in laccases. Structural and modelling studies focusing on proton transfer | BMC...Mechanisms underlying dioxygen reduction in laccases. Structural and modelling studies focusing on proton transfer | BMC...
MCOs catalyze one-electron oxidation processes, and four molecules of substrate are oxidised in order to reduce a dioxygen molecule to two waters molecules. Substrate oxidation occurs at the mononuclear T1 centre and then the electrons are shuttled, along a T1 coordinating cisteine, to the two histidines that are coordinating the T3 coppers of the trinuclear centre (Figure 1b), where reduction of dioxygen occurs [2, 4, 11]. This constitutes a HCH conserved motif characteristically found in MCOs. Four electrons, as well as four protons, are used to reduce a molecule of dioxygen with the concomitant formation of two water molecules [1, 2, 12]. Electrons needed for this process are obtained through the oxidation of a variety of substrates, but not much is known about the mechanism of proton transfer during this process. Recently, site directed mutagenesis studies suggest that Asp112 of CueO (Asp 116 in CotA; Figure 1c) [13, 14], a conserved residue that is located in the exit channel in close ...
https://bmcstructbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6807-10-28
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) ChemistryOxidation-Reduction (Redox) Chemistry
Recall that chemical reactions are all about electrons. In redox (an often used shorthand term for oxidation-reduction) reactions, one is concerned with how electrons are transferred from one species (element, ion, compound) to another. The law of conservation of charge stipulates that if one species loses electrons, there must be another species that gains the electrons. The term oxidation refers to any process that loses electrons. This is a tricky word for some because oxidation sounds like it might only involve oxygen. In truth, oxygen is an important element in redox reactions, and because of its large electronegativity, causes many other elements to give it electrons. Since oxygen often forces other elements to lose electrons, the process of losing electrons became known as oxidation. Reduction is a similarly troubling word, since it refers to a process that gains electrons. In this case, the word reduce has nothing to do with the quantity of electrons, but rather the change in charge. ...
http://chemistry-reference.com/redox/default.asp?language=ja
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) ChemistryOxidation-Reduction (Redox) Chemistry
Recall that chemical reactions are all about electrons. In redox (an often used shorthand term for oxidation-reduction) reactions, one is concerned with how electrons are transferred from one species (element, ion, compound) to another. The law of conservation of charge stipulates that if one species loses electrons, there must be another species that gains the electrons. The term oxidation refers to any process that loses electrons. This is a tricky word for some because oxidation sounds like it might only involve oxygen. In truth, oxygen is an important element in redox reactions, and because of its large electronegativity, causes many other elements to give it electrons. Since oxygen often forces other elements to lose electrons, the process of losing electrons became known as oxidation. Reduction is a similarly troubling word, since it refers to a process that gains electrons. In this case, the word reduce has nothing to do with the quantity of electrons, but rather the change in charge. ...
http://chemistry-reference.com/redox/default.asp?language=de
Relationship between lipid and protein oxidation in fish - Open access publications in the SLU publication databaseRelationship between lipid and protein oxidation in fish - Open access publications in the SLU publication database
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in all aerobic organisms. Free radicals are highly reactive ROS that cause damage to biological materials. Fish is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and hence, very prone to lipid peroxidation. Both lipid and protein oxidations are important for quality loss during storage of fish, with high impact on taste and texture. Also, there are interactions between protein and secondary lipid oxidation products (aldehydes) that occur in foods because the oxidation products from one reaction can further react with both lipids and proteins respectively. This review focuses on the mechanisms and pathways of the lipid and protein oxidation and their possible relationship. Additionally, the target amino acids and final impacts of this relationship were considered. We propose that the products of lipid oxidation promote protein oxidation in fish rather than the other way around specially, during frozen storage, while during postmortem changes protein oxidation ...
https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/24603/
The Effect of New Parameters and Increased Database Size on the Cysteine Oxidation Prediction Program Megan Riddle with Ricardo...The Effect of New Parameters and Increased Database Size on the Cysteine Oxidation Prediction Program Megan Riddle with Ricardo...
Cysteine Oxidation Prediction Program Goal: Create a program that will use physicochemical parameters to predict reactive surface cysteine thiols Methods: -Gather examples of proteins susceptible to cysteine oxidation -Extract parameters from Protein Data Bank -Use computer classifier C4.5 to determine rules that will predict if cysteine can become oxidized
http://slideplayer.com/slide/3351402/
Catalysts | Free Full-Text | Complete Toluene Oxidation on Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-ZnO Catalysts | HTMLCatalysts | Free Full-Text | Complete Toluene Oxidation on Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-ZnO Catalysts | HTML
A 0.4 wt%Pt/Ce0.76Zr0.19Zn0.05O1.95 catalyst was prepared by the evaporative drying method. The catalytic toluene oxidation activity of the catalyst was investigated and the calcination temperature dependence on the toluene oxidation activity was characterized. It was confirmed that only CO2 and steam were produced by the complete oxidation of toluene, and no toluene-derived compounds were detected as by-products with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Toluene was completely oxidized at 320 °C on the 0.4 wt%Pt/Ce0.76Zr0.19Zn0.05O1.95 catalyst calcined at 500 °C. The toluene oxidation activity slightly decreased with increasing the calcination temperature of the catalyst. However, significant deactivation was not recognized in the present 0.4 wt%Pt/Ce0.76Zr0.19Zn0.05O1.95 catalyst, and toluene was completely oxidized at 360 °C even after calcination at 1000 °C. From these results, it became obvious that the 0.4 wt%Pt/Ce0.76Zr0.19Zn0.05O1.95 catalyst has high thermal stability for toluene
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/3/3/646/htm
A photoelectron spectroscopy study of methanol adsorption and oxidation on Ag(111) - CaltechAUTHORSA photoelectron spectroscopy study of methanol adsorption and oxidation on Ag(111) - CaltechAUTHORS
Felter, T. E. and Weinberg, W. H. and Lastushkina, G. Ya. and Zhdan, P. A. and Boreskov, G. K. and Hrbek, J. (1982) A photoelectron spectroscopy study of methanol adsorption and oxidation on Ag(111). Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, 20 (3). pp. 887-888. ISSN 0022-5355. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120716-110746998 ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/32473/
CO Adsorption and Oxidation on Metal-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub>...
Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of V-, Cr-, Pd-, Pt-, and Au-doped titania nanotube arrays (TNTAs) where Ti was replaced by dopants. The adsorption of CO and the formation of CO2 on these various nanotube arrays were also studied in detail. We found that CO physisorbed weakly inside the TNTAs and CO was oxidized by lattice oxygen to form CO2 by the redox mechanism. This may thus be attributed to the unique confinement effect and to different metal doping. All the metal doped systems except the Cr-TNTAs showed a lower activation energy barrier than the undoped TNTAs, indicating that proper metal dopants can promote CO oxidation. The reaction on the Pd- or Au-doped TNTAs had the lowest barrier. Therefore, we found that Pd- or Au-doped TNTAs led to enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation at low temperatures. Key words: Density functional theory, TiO2 nanotube arrays, CO oxidation ...
http://www.whxb.pku.edu.cn/EN/10.3866/PKU.WHXB20122844
Redox processes in Fe catalysts resolved by XAS and UV/Vis spectroscopyRedox processes in Fe catalysts resolved by XAS and UV/Vis spectroscopy
Aerobic life, from simple single-celled bacterial species to complex eukaryotic organisms, has evolved to depend on the oxidising power of O2 in various metabolic pathways. From energetic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation to xenobiotic degradation, the use of O2 as a biological oxidant is widespread and varied in the mechanism of action. Enzymes, such as non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases, catalyse the incorporation of O2 into a wide range of biological molecules and use diverse strategies to activate their substrates.. C-H activation is currently one of the hottest topics in organic chemistry. One way for this activation to occur is the hydroxylation of the C-H bond. In this area, great advances have been made in recent years by the development of bioinspired non-heme aminopyridine iron complexes/H2O2 catalytic systems. Such systems replicate the oxidation mechanism of the elaborate non-heme iron oxygenases with simple iron coordination complexes.. Notwithstanding the biological ...
http://www.esrf.eu/home/news/spotlight/content-news/spotlight/spotlight293.html
Free SHS is a poverty reduction mechanism - Atik MohammedFree SHS is a poverty reduction mechanism - Atik Mohammed
2017-09-08 - Government implementation of free Senior High School policy is a major poverty reduction mechanism in the country, according to the suspended General Secretary of the Peoples National Convention (PNC), Mr. Atik Mohammed.
https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Free-SHS-is-a-poverty-reduction-mechanism-Atik-Mohammed-578645
Dynamic formation of single-atom catalytic active sites on ceria-supported gold nanoparticles (Journal Article) | DOE PAGESDynamic formation of single-atom catalytic active sites on ceria-supported gold nanoparticles (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Ab initio Molecular Dynamics simulations and static Density Functional Theory calculations have been performed to investigate the reaction mechanism of CO oxidation on Au/CeO 2 catalyst. It is found that under reaction condition CO adsorption significantly labializes the surface atoms of the Au cluster and leads to the formation of isolated Au+-CO species that resides on the support in the vicinity of the Au particle. In this context, we identified a dynamic single-atom catalytic mechanism at the interfacial area for CO oxidation on Au/CeO 2 catalyst, which is a lower energy pathway than that of CO oxidation at the interface with the metal particle. This results from the ability of the single atom site to strongly couple with the redox properties of the support in a synergistic manner thereby lowering the barrier for redox reactions. We find that the single Au+ ion, which only exists under reaction conditions, breaks away from the Au cluster to catalyze CO oxidation and returns to the Au cluster ...
https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1184290-dynamic-formation-single-atom-catalytic-active-sites-ceria-supported-gold-nanoparticles
Oxidative degradation of cyclophosphamide using thermal plasma activation and UV/H2O2 treatment in tap waterOxidative degradation of cyclophosphamide using thermal plasma activation and UV/H2O2 treatment in tap water
There is a growing concern about pharmaceuticals entering the aquatic environment. Many of these compounds cannot be removed completely in sewage treatment plants. To remove these unwanted medicines from water, oxidative degradation techniques may complement the current purification steps. In this paper we studied the effect of advanced oxidation on the cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide (CP) by comparing thermal plasma activation with UV/H2O2 treatment. Plasma activated water (PAW) contains highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) as a result of electric gas discharges in air over water. CP solutions in tap water were oxidized over a period of 120 min and subsequently analyzed by LC-MS/MS to measure the compound degradation. Plasma activation was applied at 50, 100, or 150 W electric power input and UV/H2O2 treatment was carried out by the addition of H2O2 and placing an UV-C source above the test solution for immediate irradiation. The oxidative degradation of CP in PAW resulted in a ...
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/218304
Physical adsorption, chemisorption and catalytic oxidization for indoo by Jingjing PeuPhysical adsorption, chemisorption and catalytic oxidization for indoo by Jingjing Peu
Adsorption and catalytic oxidation are two promising technologies for indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal. Combining experimental and modeling approach, the present study aimed at improving the understanding and modeling of adsorption of water-insoluble VOCs (e.g. toluene), and chemisorption and catalytic oxidization of water soluble VOCs (e.g. formaldehyde). For water-insoluble compounds, a dynamic volumetric method was developed for determination of VOC adsorption isotherm of active carbon at low concentration levels. Diffusion coefficient, partition coefficient and mass transfer coefficient of toluene in activated carbon were obtained by comparing numerical modeling results with the adsorption test data. Two mechanistic models were developed for VOCs removal by activated carbon filter bed. Both models fitted well with experimental data. Based on the combined analysis of the experimental and numerical results, external mass transfer and surface diffusion were found to be
https://surface.syr.edu/mae_etd/60/
Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkanes.By Jack0G. Calvert etalMechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkanes.By Jack0G. Calvert etal
Angewandte Books Chemie Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkanes The research area covered by this book is the atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric pollution, and photochemical formation of ozone and photooxidants. It essentially focuses on the oxidation of alkanes and haloalkanes, but it also includes the subsequent oxidation processes of primary oxidation products such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, nitrates, hydroperoxides, and multifunctional products. It essentially deals with gas-phase chemistry and photochemistry, and thus it includes neither chemistry in the liquid phase nor heterogeneous chemistry on atmospheric particles. The book provides a fairly large number of data on reaction mechanisms, reaction kinetics, product formation, UV absorption spectra, and photochemical reactions, arranged on nearly 1000 pages, with numerous tables and figures and an exhaustive list of references. This volume is a follow-up of two previous books by Calvert et al. on the atmospheric oxidation ...
https://www.docme.ru/doc/1937887/mechanisms-of-atmospheric-oxidation-of-the-alkanes.by-jac..
Modelled energy availability from 10 redox processes (s | Open-iModelled energy availability from 10 redox processes (s | Open-i
Modelled energy availability from 10 redox processes (see Table 3) as a function of temperature and SW:HF mixing ratios at the SMVF and the LCVF. Second axis in
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4478700_ismej2014247f4&req=4
Patent US7067439 - ALD metal oxide deposition process using direct oxidation - Google PatentsPatent US7067439 - ALD metal oxide deposition process using direct oxidation - Google Patents
Methods of forming metal compounds such as metal oxides or metal nitrides by sequentially introducing and then reacting metal organic compounds with ozone or with oxygen radicals or nitrogen radicals formed in a remote plasma chamber. The metal compounds have surprisingly and significantly improved uniformity when deposited by atomic layer deposition with cycle times of at least 10 seconds. The metal compounds also do not contain detectable carbon when the metal organic compound is vaporized at process conditions in the absence of solvents or excess ligands.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7067439?dq=5,490,216
Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Catalytic Oxidation ReagentsHandbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis: Catalytic Oxidation Reagents
Reduction and oxidation processes are at the heart of almost all synthetic procedures and organic chemists are keen to have a huge portfolio of slick and modern catalytic reagents performing oxidations or reductions. This new volume is part of the Handbook for Reagents for Organic Synthesis series, making use of the leading reagent database e-EROS. It compiles essential reagents in this area, starting with an introductory section discussing the main classes of oxidation catalysts, followed by an alphabetical list of reagents, with an attempt to keep families of catalysts organized by related chemistry for ease of use ...
https://www.platekompaniet.no/bok/handbook-of-reagents-for-organic-synthesis-catalytic-oxidation-reagents/
Partial Degradation of Phenol by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation ProcessPartial Degradation of Phenol by Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Process
Close The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the users device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the users data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser. ...
https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.acs-doi-10_1021_es001652q
The role of O(1D) in the oxidation mechanism of ethylene by iodosobenzene and other hypervalent molecules - Physical Chemistry...The role of O(1D) in the oxidation mechanism of ethylene by iodosobenzene and other hypervalent molecules - Physical Chemistry...
The role of the first excited state of oxygen (1D) is proven essential for the description of terminal iodine-oxygen chemical bonds. The description of the I-O bond as a dative one from iodine to O(1D) provides a simple and accurate picture which explains the oxidation properties of iodosobenzene and similar
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/cp/c7cp04000h
Conformation and Proton Configuration of Pyrimidine Deoxynucleoside Oxidation Damage Products in Water - CaltechAUTHORSConformation and Proton Configuration of Pyrimidine Deoxynucleoside Oxidation Damage Products in Water - CaltechAUTHORS
Emerging data strongly suggest that the oxidation of DNA bases can contribute to genomic instability. Structural changes to DNA, induced by base oxidation, may reduce the fidelity of DNA replication and interfere with sequence-specific DNA−protein interactions. We have examined the structures of a series of pyrimidine deoxynucleoside oxidation damage products in aqueous solution. The modified nucleosides studied include the deoxynucleoside derivatives of 5-hydroxyuracil, 5-hydroxycytosine, 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil, 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine, 5-formyluracil, and 5-formylcytosine. The influence of base oxidation on ionization constants, sugar conformation, and tautomeric configuration has been determined on the basis of UV, proton, and nitrogen NMR spectra of the ^(15)N-enriched derivatives. The potential biological consequences of the structural perturbations resulting from base oxidation are discussed. ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/79929/
Advances in Chemical Research | An Estimate of Possible Impacts of Superoxide Chemistry on Seawater pH: A Mapping Exercise
Superoxide, produced photochemically as well as microbially, is an important reactant present in seawater and a major source of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide decay may occur through catalyzed or uncatalyzed dismutation forming H2O2 and O2, through oxidation to O2, or through reduction into H2O2. Under definite circumstances, the redox processes that are different from dismutation could produce or consume H+, thereby altering the pH of seawater. In order to alter the pH, these processes have to involve, together with O2•, redox couples that exchange e and H+ in a ratio other than 1:1. This potential pH modification is dependent on several factors, including the extent of H+ imbalance, the rate of formation/transformation of superoxide (which reaches a steady-state concentration in seawater), and the alkalinity of seawater (which varies globally from 2.10 to 2.45 mmol L1 and buffers the pH variations). In the present study, an estimate of the possible pH changes associated with photochemically
https://frontend.lidsen.com/journals/acr/acr-02-01-004
RedoxRedox
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a ... Redox (reduction-oxidation, /ˈrɛdɒks/ RED-oks, /ˈriːdɒks/ REE-doks) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation ... reduction is gain of electrons "LEO the lion says GER [grr]" - loss of electrons is oxidation, gain of electrons is reduction " ... "oxidation". The term "redox" was first used in 1928. The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox
RustRust
"Oxidation Reduction Reactions". Bodner Research Web. Retrieved 28 April 2020. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. (2001). Inorganic ... only mean oxidation of iron and its resulting products. Many other oxidation reactions exist which do not involve iron or ... Providing the electrons for the above reaction is the oxidation of iron that may be described as follows: Fe → Fe2+ + 2 e− The ... The key reaction is the reduction of oxygen: O2 + 4 e− + 2 H2O → 4 OH− Because it forms hydroxide ions, this process is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust
Teruaki MukaiyamaTeruaki Mukaiyama
Mukaiyama, T (1976). "Oxidation-Reduction Condensation". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 15 (2): 94-103. doi:10.1002/anie.197600941. O. ... The synthesis also made use of three Swern oxidations during the synthesis of the C ring. This reaction is typically performed ... Mukaiyama, T.; Matsuo, J.; Iida, D.; Kitagawa, H. (2001). "Catalytic Oxidation of Various Alcohols to the Corresponding ... was the oxidation agent that accepted hydrogens, resulting in the condensation of carboxylic acids with the loss of a molecule ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teruaki_Mukaiyama
Richmond Jay BartlettRichmond Jay Bartlett
The focus of his research with his graduate students was on oxidation-reduction chemistry, soil acidity, and soil testing. He ... James, Bruce R.; Brose, Dominic A. (2012). "Oxidation-reduction phenomena". In Huang, Pan M.; Li, Yuncong; Sumner, Malcolm E. ( ... Bartlett is best known for research and publications on manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr),and fundamental oxidation-reduction ( ... doi:10.2134/jeq1979.00472425000800010008x. Bartlett, R.J. (1981). "Oxidation-reduction status of aerobic soils". In Ryan, J.A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond_Jay_Bartlett
Cyclopentyl methyl etherCyclopentyl methyl ether
Reduction and oxidation. Reactions with transition metal catalysts. Reactions with azeotropical removal of water: acetalization ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopentyl_methyl_ether
Electric batteryElectric battery
Pauling, Linus (1988). "15: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions; Electrolysis". General Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc ... In addition, cost reductions are expected to further increase the demand to as much as 3562 GwH. Important reasons for this ... the net emf is the difference between the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The electrical driving force or Δ V b a t ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_battery
Glossary of civil engineeringGlossary of civil engineering
Pauling, Linus (1988). "15: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions; Electrolysis.". General Chemistry. New York: Dover Publications, Inc ... Amphoterism depends on the oxidation states of the oxide. Al2O3 is an example of an amphoteric oxide. amplifier An electronic ... More recently, technology has been developed that allows the treatment and reduction of other organic waste, such as food, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_civil_engineering
Robert Taft (chemist and author)Robert Taft (chemist and author)
Raft, Robert (1925). Oxidation and Reduction (Ph.D dissertation). University of Kansas. Retrieved June 18, 2018. DeVoto, ... "Oxidation and Reduction (Book, 1925)". WorldCat. Retrieved June 14, 2018. Ameel, Donald J. (1955). "Robert Taft (1894-1955)". ... "Oxidation and Reduction". From c. 1919 until 1922, Taft lived and taught in Ottawa, Kansas before he was hired to teach at KU. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft_(chemist_and_author)
AmphibacillusAmphibacillus
1998). Radical reactions and oxidation, reduction. San Diego, California: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-646863-X. Whitacre, David M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibacillus
Screaming jelly babiesScreaming jelly babies
"5.5 Oxidation of Sugar or Gummi Bear with Potassium Chlorate". Chemical Reactions II: Oxidation/Reduction. University of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screaming_jelly_babies
Blue bottle experimentBlue bottle experiment
This reaction occurs by oxidation and reduction of the solution where alkaline glucose solution is acting as a reducing agent. ... Dutton, F. B. (1960). "Methylene Blue - Reduction and Oxidation". Journal of Chemical Education. 37 (12): A799. doi:10.1021/ ... The chemical reactions and mechanism in the blue bottle experiment rely on the oxidation of a sugar with the aid of air and a ... The final glucose oxidation products besides sodium gluconate have been identified as D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose (glucosone), the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_bottle_experiment
LactolLactol
"Oxidation, reduction and deoxygenation of carbohydrates". Glycoscience (1): 501-531. (Functional groups, Lactols). ... Lactols can participate in a variety of chemical reactions including: Oxidation to form lactones Reaction with alcohols to form ... acetals The reaction of sugars with alcohols or other nucleophiles leads to the formation of glycosides Reduction ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactol
DehydrogenaseDehydrogenase
Oxidoreductases, enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, constitute Class EC 1 of the IUBMB classification of ... Clark, Jim (2002). "Definitions of Oxidation and Reduction (Redox)". Chemguide. Retrieved February 14, 2016. Voet, Donald; Voet ... Reduction of NAD+: NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e− ↔ NADH + H+ NAD+ is mostly used in catabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, that break down ... This would be considered an oxidation of the substrate, in which the substrate either loses hydrogen atoms or gains an oxygen ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydrogenase
Standard electrode potential (data page)Standard electrode potential (data page)
"Oxidation Reduction Chemistry of the Elements". Ch 412 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: Reading Materials. Western Oregon ... Standard apparent reduction potentials in biochemistry at pH 7 Standard state Not specified in the indicated reference, but ... Wardman, Peter (1989). "Reduction potentials of one-electron couples involving free radicals in aqueous solution" (PDF). srd. ... California State University, Northridge (CSUN). "Standard Reduction Potentials" (PDF). csun.edu. Archived (PDF) from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_electrode_potential_(data_page)
Reducing agentReducing agent
Olson, Maynard V. "oxidation-reduction reaction". Britannica. Retrieved 3 May 2022. In his Traité élémentaire de chimie, he ... The table below shows a few reduction potentials, which can be changed to oxidation potentials by reversing the sign. Reducing ... An agent's oxidation state describes its degree of loss of electrons, where the higher the oxidation state then the fewer ... Historically, reduction referred to the removal of oxygen from a compound, hence the name 'reduction'. An example of this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_agent
Reductive eliminationReductive elimination
"Electrochemical Oxidation-Reduction of Organometallic Complexes. Effect of the Oxidation State on the Pathways for Reductive ... This type of reactivity is generally seen with first row metals, which prefer a one-unit change in oxidation state, but has ... Reductive elimination is often seen in higher oxidation states, and can involve a two-electron change at a single metal center ... For binuclear reductive elimination, the oxidation state of each metal decreases by one, while the d-electron count of each ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductive_elimination
Vanadium pentafluorideVanadium pentafluoride
Oxidation-reduction reactions of vanadium pentafluoride". Inorganic Chemistry. 6 (3): 541-544. doi:10.1021/ic50049a025. ISSN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium_pentafluoride
SchreibersiteSchreibersite
Pasek, Matthew; Block, Kristin (2009-07-13). "Lightning-induced reduction of phosphorus oxidation state". Nature Geoscience. 2 ... Essene, E. J.; Fisher, D. C. (1986-10-10). "Lightning Strike Fusion: Extreme Reduction and Metal-Silicate Liquid Immiscibility ... "Lightning strikes as a major facilitator of prebiotic phosphorus reduction on early Earth". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 1535 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreibersite
Sue Gibson (chemist)Sue Gibson (chemist)
Transition metal promoted oxidation and reduction reactions. ora.ox.ac.uk (DPhil thesis). University of Oxford. OCLC 499841275 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue_Gibson_(chemist)
Chuan-Pu LeeChuan-Pu Lee
"Oxidation-reduction potentials of cytochromes in mitochondria" (1970, with P. Leslie Dutton and David Franklin Wilson) " ... "Oxidation-reduction potentials of cytochromes in mitochondria". Biochemistry. 9 (26): 5077-5082. doi:10.1021/bi00828a006. ISSN ... Enzymology and Biological Oxidation. 105 (3): 397-409. doi:10.1016/S0926-6593(65)80226-0. ISSN 0926-6593. PMID 4379364. Montal ... Oxidation and Phosphorylation, Academic Press, vol. 10, pp. 543-548, doi:10.1016/0076-6879(67)10093-1, ISBN 9780121818500, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuan-Pu_Lee
Cerium(IV) oxideCerium(IV) oxide
"Analytical Model of CeO2 Oxidation and Reduction". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 117 (46): 24129-24137. doi:10.1021/ ... One small but illustrative use is its use in the walls of self-cleaning ovens as a hydrocarbon oxidation catalyst during the ... This step exploits the low solubility of CeO2 and the fact that other rare-earth elements resist oxidation. Cerium(IV) oxide is ... Another small scale but famous example is its role in oxidation of natural gas in gas mantles. Building on its distinct surface ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium(IV)_oxide
List of types of proteinsList of types of proteins
"Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction; a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or ... C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_proteins
FulguriteFulgurite
Block, Kristin; Pasek, Matthew (August 2009). "Lightning-induced reduction of phosphorus oxidation state". Nature Geoscience. 2 ... Essene, E. J.; Fisher, D. C. (10 October 1986). "Lightning Strike Fusion: Extreme Reduction and Metal-Silicate Liquid ... Essene, E. J.; Fisher, D. C. (10 October 1986). "Lightning strike fusion: extreme reduction and metal-silicate liquid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulgurite
Raku wareRaku ware
Reduction Firing. Web. 6 May 2010. . "Oxidation/Reduction Firing." Frog Pond Pottery. Web. 29 May 2010.<"Oxidation/Reduction ... Knapp, Brian J. Oxidation and Reduction. Port Melbourne, Vic.: Heinemann Library, 1998. Print. Birks, Tony. The New Potter's ... Gas kilns, which comprise brick or ceramic fibers, can be used in either oxidation or reduction firing and use propane or ... It also affects the metal elements of the glaze[vague]. Reduction is a decrease in oxidation number. Closing the can reduces ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raku_ware
Iodotyrosine deiodinaseIodotyrosine deiodinase
Flavin nucleotide binding and oxidation-reduction properties". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 254 (24): 12326-30. doi: ... Dehalogenation in aerobic organisms is usually done through oxidation and hydrolysis; however, iodotyrosine deiodinase uses ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodotyrosine_deiodinase
Leuco dyeLeuco dye
Irreversible transformations typically involve reduction or oxidation. The colorless form is sometimes referred to as the leuco ... ISBN 978-0306454592 Božič, Mojca; Kokol, Vanja (2008). "Ecological alternatives to the reduction and oxidation processes in ... The reduction step is typically achieved with sodium dithionite, hydroxyacetone and hydrogen, or by electrochemical methods. ... "State of the art technologies and new electrochemical methods for the reduction of vat dyes". Dyes and Pigments. 59 (3): 223- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuco_dye
Stephen G. DaviesStephen G. Davies
Weinreb ketone synthesis Gibson, Susan E. (1984). Transition metal promoted oxidation and reduction reactions. ora.ox.ac.uk ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_G._Davies
Redox indicatorRedox indicator
"Oxidation-Reduction Potentials in Bacteriology and Biochemistry." Oxidation-Reduction Potentials in Bacteriology and ... A redox indicator (also called an oxidation-reduction indicator) is an indicator which undergoes a definite color change at a ... The requirement for fast and reversible color change means that the oxidation-reduction equilibrium for an indicator redox ... In these systems, the metal changes oxidation state. organic redox systems such as methylene blue. In these systems, a proton ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redox_indicator
ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry
Oxidation, Gain Electrons: Reduction). Oxidation and reduction always occur in a paired fashion such that one species is ... where the half cell reactions for oxidation and reduction are: Oxidation: Cu(s) → Cu2+ (0.05 M) + 2 e− Reduction: Cu2+ (2.0 M ... Oxidation and reduction describe the change of oxidation state that takes place in the atoms, ions or molecules involved in an ... reduction-oxidation) One area on the surface of the metal acts as the anode, which is where the oxidation (corrosion) occurs. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemistry
Phenyl groupPhenyl group
... s tend to resist oxidation and reduction. Phenyl groups (like all aromatic compounds) have enhanced stability in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_group
SulfideSulfide
H2S Oxidation of sulfide is a complicated process. Depending on the conditions, the oxidation can produce elemental sulfur, ... Reduction of a sulfate: Example: MgSO4(s) + 4C(s) → MgS(s) + 4CO(g) Precipitation of an insoluble sulfide: Example: M2+ + H2S(g ... Oxidation of sulfide can also form thiosulfate (S 2O2− 3) an intermediate species responsible for severe problems of pitting ... 4 oxidation state (that is, Mo4+ and two S2−). Iron disulfide (pyrite, FeS2) on the other hand consists of S2− 2, or −S-S− ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide
ComproportionationComproportionation
A Frost Diagram is another way of displaying the reduction potentials for the various oxidation states of a given element, X. ... It shows nE against the oxidation number N: here, E is the reduction potential for the X(N)/X(0) couple, and n is the number of ... value of ΔG/F is lower than the line joining the two oxidation numbers on either side of it, then it is more stable and if in a ... form a compound having an intermediate oxidation number. It is the opposite of disproportionation. The tendency of two species ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comproportionation
VoltammetryVoltammetry
Like other electrochemical cells, two half-cells are required, one to facilitate reduction and the other oxidation. The cell ... with oxidation and reduction reactions occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. As a species is oxidized, the ... The reference electrode is a half cell with a known reduction potential. Its only role is to act as reference for measuring and ... Reduction potential E 0 {\displaystyle E^{0}} : standard potential R {\displaystyle R} : universal gas constant T {\ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltammetry
MetabolismMetabolism
... anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 4 (10): 752-64. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1490. PMID ... The oxidation pathway starts with the removal of the amino group by a transaminase. The amino group is fed into the urea cycle ... This oxidation releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate, through the ... The glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation to release acetyl-CoA, which then is fed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism
Radical substitutionRadical substitution
Many oxidation and reduction reactions in organic chemistry have free radical intermediates, for example the oxidation of ... Auto-oxidation is a process responsible for deterioration of paints and food, as well as production of certain lab hazards such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_substitution
Extractive metallurgyExtractive metallurgy
Typically, these reactions are oxidation, e.g. of sulfide to sulfur dioxide . Often, however, energy must be added to the ... This simplify conventional processing routes and allows a substantial reduction in the size of a metal processing plant. DESs ... Pateli, I.M.; Abbott, A.; Hartley, J.; Jenkin, G.R.T (2020). "Electrochemical oxidation as alternative for dissolution of metal ... Metal sulfides (e.g., pyrite FeS2, arsenopyrite FeAsS, chalcopyrite CuFeS2) are normally processed by chemical oxidation either ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy
PhototrophPhototroph
They can be contrasted with chemotrophs that obtain their energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. ... This bacterium can use water as a source of electrons in order to perform CO2 reduction reactions. Evolutionarily, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phototroph
Mitochondrial DNAMitochondrial DNA
The resulting reduction in per-cell copy number of mtDNA plays a role in the mitochondrial bottleneck, exploiting cell-to-cell ... The DNA oxidation product 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is a well-established marker of oxidative DNA damage. In persons with ... Cell-level selection may then act to remove those cells with more mutant mtDNA, leading to a stabilisation or reduction in ... "A reduction of mitochondrial DNA molecules during embryogenesis explains the rapid segregation of genotypes". Nature Genetics. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
Self-aligned gateSelf-aligned gate
2. Using a dry thermal oxidation process, a thin layer (5-200 nm) of gate oxide (SiO2) is grown on the silicon wafer. 3. Using ... The impact was a considerable reduction in the switching speed of transistors. In 1966, Robert W. Bower realized that if the ... which had many additional benefits over the reduction of parasitic capacitances. One important feature of SGT was that the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-aligned_gate
Formate dehydrogenaseFormate dehydrogenase
... reduction site, present in the transmembrane domain of the gamma subunit. The menaquinone reduction site in the γ-subunit, ... Formate dehydrogenases are a set of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, donating the electrons to ... participation of specific formate dehydrogenase and cytochrome b1 components in nitrate reduction". J. Bacteriol. 99 (3): 720-9 ... A Molybdopterin Enzyme That Catalyzes Formate Oxidation without Oxygen Transfer". Biochemistry. 37 (10): 3518-3528. doi:10.1021 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formate_dehydrogenase
Restriction of Hazardous Substances DirectiveRestriction of Hazardous Substances Directive
Effective 1 January 2010, the California Lighting Efficiency and Toxics Reduction Act applies RoHS to general purpose lights, i ... citing possible breaches due to other environmental factors like oxidation. The 2005 Farnell/Newark InOne "RoHS Legislation and ... such as solder waste reduction, use of bulk alloys, quicker time-to-market for products and a much lower chemical usage rate." ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive
Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1
However, what is known is that averufin is oxidized by a P450-oxidase, AvfA, in a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. This opens the ... A reductase then catalyzes the reduction of the ketone on the norsolorinic acid side-chain to yield averantin. Averantin is ... In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, ... reduction in feed consumption and decreased weight gain. Subchronic toxicity Subchronic toxicity studies of aflatoxin B1 in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1
HydroborationHydroboration
... -oxidation is thus an excellent way of producing alcohols in a stereospecific and anti-Markovnikov fashion. ... Diborane can be produced in situ by reduction BF3 with NaBH4 (see for Flavopiridol). Usually however, borane dimethylsulfide ... Hydroboration-oxidation reaction Brown, H.C. (1961). "Hydroboration-A Powerful Synthetic Tool". Tetrahedron. 12 (3): 117. doi: ... Because the addition of H-B to olefins is stereospecific, this oxidation reaction will be diastereoselective when the alkene is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroboration
OxazolineOxazoline
Controlled reduction of oxazolium salts". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 110 (10): 3238-3246. doi:10.1021/ ... and weak acids as well as being fairly resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation; thus it can be expected to remain stable in a ... Chirality is easily incorporated by using 2-amino alcohols prepared by the reduction of amino acids; which are both optically ... typically obtained by the reduction of an amino acid) with a suitable functional group. The overall mechanism is usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazoline
List of Puerto Rican scientists and inventorsList of Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
A leading expert in the fields of satellite remote sensing, climate change, disaster risk reduction, and sustainability, Román ... "Systems for water purification through supercritical oxidation", and US Patent No 7,688,605, "Systems and methods for reducing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Rican_scientists_and_inventors
1-Methylnaphthalene1-Methylnaphthalene
... replaced 1-methylnaphthalene as the low cetane number reference fuel in 1962 for reasons of better oxidation stability and ease ... which is useful for low-temperature reductions. Naphthalene#Naphthalene in the interstellar medium 1-Methylnaphthalene Archived ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Methylnaphthalene
Oxymercuration reactionOxymercuration reaction
Therefore, the oxymercuration-reduction reaction is the net addition of water across the double bond. Any stereochemistry set ... Hydroboration-oxidation reaction Mukaiyama hydration Organic Syntheses OS 6:766 Link Loudon, Marc G. (2002). "Addition ... 1970). "Mechanism of reduction of alkylmercuric halides by metal hydrides". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 92 (22): 6611-6624. doi:10.1021/ ... Oxymercuration reduction is a popular laboratory technique to achieve alkene hydration with Markovnikov selectivity while ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymercuration_reaction
Nanomaterial-based catalystNanomaterial-based catalyst
Other examples of oxidation reactions that are catalyzed by metallic nanoparticles include the oxidation of cyclooctane, the ... The Reduction of gold, cobalt, nickel, palladium, or platinum organometallic complexes with silanes produces metal nanoparticle ... An oxidation reaction to form adipic acid is shown in figure 3 and it can be catalyzed by cobalt nanoparticles. This is used in ... The advantages are the increase in activity, selectivity and stability and the cost reduction. Metals can be combined in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomaterial-based_catalyst
P-AnisidineP-Anisidine
A white solid, commercial samples can appear grey-brown owing to air oxidation. It is one of three isomers of anisidine, ... It is prepared by reduction of 4-nitroanisole. p-Anisidine condenses readily with aldehydes and ketones to form Schiff bases, ... This colorimetric reaction is used to test for the presence of oxidation products in fats and oils, an official method for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Anisidine
PorphyrinPorphyrin
Zhang W, Lai W, Cao R (February 2017). "Energy-Related Small Molecule Activation Reactions: Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen and ... The general scheme is a condensation and oxidation process starting with pyrrole and an aldehyde. Porphyrins have been ... Although not commercialized, metalloporphyrin complexes are widely studied as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds ... selective and reusable catalyst for oxidation of alkenes and alkanes with urea-hydrogen peroxide". Journal of Experimental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin
MeldoniumMeldonium
The final effect is a decreased risk of mitochondrial injury from fatty acid oxidation and a reduction of the production of ... The mechanism of action of meldonium is to act as a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, presumably by inhibiting enzymes in the ... This reduces oxidative stress on cells, formation of cytotoxic products of fatty acid oxidation and subsequent cellular damage ... Treatment with meldonium therefore shifts the myocardial energy metabolism from fatty acid oxidation to the more favorable ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldonium
High-entropy alloyHigh-entropy alloy
Chang, Zue-Chin; Liang, Jun-Yang (2020-04-22). "Oxidation Behavior and Structural Transformation of (CrTaTiVZr)N Coatings". ... "Mechanism of Radiation Damage Reduction in Equiatomic Multicomponent Single Phase Alloys". Physical Review Letters. 116 (13): ... and corrosion and oxidation resistance than conventional alloys. Although HEAs have been studied since the 1980s, research ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-entropy_alloy
Noel HushNoel Hush
This is the basis of oxidation-reduction processes, which are ubiquitous in nature in both the inorganic and biological spheres ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel_Hush
Chemical bondChemical bond
This is not as a result of reduction in potential energy, because the attraction of the two electrons to the two protons is ... The properties of the atoms involved can be understood using concepts such as oxidation number, formal charge, and ... Instead, the release of energy (and hence stability of the bond) arises from the reduction in kinetic energy due to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bond
Metal dithiolene complexMetal dithiolene complex
When the latter two are complexed to a metal centre, the oxidation state of the ligand (and therefore the metal centre) cannot ... Molecular Properties and Role in the Dissimilatory Reduction of Toxic Elements". Geomicrobiology Journal. 19 (1): 3-21. doi: ... 1,2-Dithiolene ligands can exist in three oxidation states: the dianionic "ene-1,2-dithiolate", the neutral "1,2-dithioketone ... to give a general name for the ligand that does not specify a particular oxidation state. This suggestion was generally ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_dithiolene_complex
Microscale chemistryMicroscale chemistry
... oxidation and reduction, electrochemistry, etc.) can be carried out in equipment much simpler (injection bottles, dropper ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscale_chemistry
OxideOxide
Reduction of metal oxide to the metal is practiced on a large scale in the production of some metals. Many metal oxides convert ... It is produced by the oxidation of sulfur to sulfur dioxide, which is separately oxidized to sulfur trioxide: S + O 2 ⟶ SO 2 {\ ... One exception is copper, for which the highest oxidation state oxide is copper(II) oxide and not copper(I) oxide. Another ... with oxygen in the oxidation state of −2. Most of the Earth's crust consists of oxides. Even materials considered pure elements ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxide
Nitrosomonas europaeaNitrosomonas europaea
... produced by the reduction of nitrite). Other evidence reveals that AOB are a possible source of nitric oxide via the oxidation ... The reaction catalysed by these bacteria is the first step in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate. Nitrosomonas europaea are ... is a Gram-negative obligate chemolithoautotroph that can derive all its energy and reductant for growth from the oxidation of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrosomonas_europaea
Mercury(I) chlorideMercury(I) chloride
... taking advantage of the ease of its oxidation and reduction reactions. The calomel electrode is a reference electrode, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury(I)_chloride
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)
This is an introduction to oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as redox reactions. Learn what redox reactions are and get ... Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction involves a decrease in oxidation ... What Is an Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction? Any chemical reaction in which the oxidation numbers (oxidation states) of ... Example of an Oxidation-Reduction Reaction The reaction between hydrogen and fluorine is an example of an oxidation-reduction ...
https://www.thoughtco.com/oxidation-reduction-reactions-604037
A STUDY OF GOLD REDUCTION AND OXIDATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. - Nokia Bell LabsA STUDY OF GOLD REDUCTION AND OXIDATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. - Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...
https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl7290937/
Diagnostics of thermochemical iron particle reduction/oxidation - Clean Circles - TU Darmstadt
For reduction and oxidation, the reactions and their coupling to transport processes must first be understood for individual ... None-intrusive, time-resolved diagnostics of iron based micro particles undergoing thermo-chemical reduction or oxidation. ... None-intrusive, time-resolved diagnostics of iron based micro particles undergoing thermo-chemical reduction or oxidation ... In thermo-chemical reduction, porous microparticles of iron oxides are reduced with green hydrogen to porous microparticles of ...
https://www.tu-darmstadt.de/clean-circles/research_cc/projects_cc/geyer.en.jsp
Metal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity | Flinn ScientificMetal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity | Flinn Scientific
With the Metal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity, carry out a series of ... Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity. Metal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions- ... With the Metal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity, carry out a series of ...
https://www.flinnsci.com/metal-activity-and-reactivity-oxidation-and-reduction-reactionschemtopic-lab-activity/pc2156/
On the theory of oxidation-reduction reactions and of related processes - CaltechAUTHORSOn the theory of oxidation-reduction reactions and of related processes - CaltechAUTHORS
Marcus, R. A. (1957) On the theory of oxidation-reduction reactions and of related processes. Transactions of the New York ... Oxidation-reduction reactions provide typical examples of this trend. Detailed kinetic studies have shown that they frequently ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/56808/
About Us - ISOTEC Environmental Remediation Technologies | Injection Remediation Contractor | In-Situ Chemical Oxidation | DPT...About Us - ISOTEC Environmental Remediation Technologies | Injection Remediation Contractor | In-Situ Chemical Oxidation | DPT...
ISOTEC has revolutionized soil and groundwater remediation through proprietary in-situ chemical oxidation and reduction ... We specialize in in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) services … Continue reading About Us ... We operate using safe and effective delivery techniques with multiple reagents for chemical oxidation, reduction and bio- ... ISOTEC has revolutionized soil and groundwater remediation through proprietary in-situ chemical oxidation and reduction ...
https://isotec-inc.com/company/
Chapter 7 Oxidation and reduction - International EditionChapter 7 Oxidation and reduction - International Edition
Home / Gallery / Chapter Pages XE / Chapter 7 Oxidation and reduction - International Edition ...
https://www.chemtube3d.com/chapter-6xe/
Redox Standards | Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) StandardsRedox Standards | Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) Standards
Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) standards control the functionality of the sensing/reference electrode and the operation of the ... Reagecon 400mV Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) Standard at 25°C in Bag-in-Box ... This is due to Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) being an absolute measurement and the sensing electrode does not require ... Reagecon 124 mV Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) Standard at 25°C in Bag-in-Box ...
https://www.reagecon.com/zh-cn/redox/
Use of ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) to control oxygen dosing for online sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high...Use of ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) to control oxygen dosing for online sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high...
... oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was used as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen dosing to the recycled biogas for ... Use of ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) to control oxygen dosing for online sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high ... oxidation-reduction potential) to control oxygen dosing for online sulfide oxidation in anaerobic treatment of high sulfate ... In this study, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was used as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen dosing to the ...
https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/47/12/183/30914/Use-of-ORP-oxidation-reduction-potential-to?searchresult=1
Influence of anodizing variables on Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction using TiO2 nanotubes obtained by anodic oxidationInfluence of anodizing variables on Cr(VI) photocatalytic reduction using TiO2 nanotubes obtained by anodic oxidation
... . ... photocatalytic reduction using TiO2 nanotubes obtained by anodic oxidation; Elsevier Science; Environmental Nanotechnology, ... The effect of growth conditions of TiO2 films with nanotubular structures produced by anodic oxidation in electrolytes ...
https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/169710
Assessing iron-mediated oxidation of toluene and reduction of nitroaromatic contaminants in anoxic environments using compound...Assessing iron-mediated oxidation of toluene and reduction of nitroaromatic contaminants in anoxic environments using compound...
Assessing iron-mediated oxidation of toluene and reduction of nitroaromatic contaminants in anoxic environments using compound- ...
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/6986?locale-attribute=de
Lightning-Induced Reduction of Phosphorus Oxidation State by Matthew A. Pasek and Kristin Block"Lightning-Induced Reduction of Phosphorus Oxidation State" by Matthew A. Pasek and Kristin Block
We suggest that lightning provides some portion of the reduced phosphorus used by microbes, and that phosphate reduction by ... Pasek, Matthew A. and Block, Kristin, "Lightning-Induced Reduction of Phosphorus Oxidation State" (2009). School of Geosciences ... We suggest that lightning provides some portion of the reduced phosphorus used by microbes, and that phosphate reduction by ...
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/624/
Toxicity reduction of industrial and municipal wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (Photo-fenton, UVC/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub...
Toxicity reduction of industrial and municipal wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (Photo-fenton, UVC/H2O2, electro- ... Toxicity reduction of industrial and municipal wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (Photo-fenton, UVC/H2O2, electro- ... Toxicity reduction of industrial and municipal wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (Photo-fenton, UVC/H2O2, electro- ... T1 - Toxicity reduction of industrial and municipal wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (Photo-fenton, UVC/H2O2, electro ...
https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/toxicity-reduction-of-industrial-and-municipal-wastewater-by-adva
Oxidation Reduction • MonetizedOxidation Reduction • Monetized
monetized.link is a new way to connect creators and their supporters.
https://www.monetized.link/content/r922y3-oxidation-reduction
Kröger-Vink notation - WikipediaKröger-Vink notation - Wikipedia
Oxidation-reduction tree[edit]. The following oxidation-reduction tree for a simple ionic compound, AX, where A is a cation and ... Tree diagram representation of the oxidation and reduction states resulting from intrinsic defects in ionic compounds. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B6ger%E2%80%93Vink_notation
Oxidation and reduction equilibriaOxidation and reduction equilibria
... Topics. (1/5) , ,, [1] Basic question for pyrite reaction. [2] Coupling organic C degradation and redox processes in transport simulation. [3] Nitrification/Denitrification redox. [4] Freundlich isotherm. [5] H2S solubility. [6] Manganese sorption. [7] Temperature dependent speciation calculation problem. [8] Important Q and A about fixing redox potential. [9] Estimate Pe/Redox Potential from O2. Navigation. [0] Up one level. [#] Next page. Go to full version ...
https://phreeqcusers.org/index.php/board,22.0/wap2.html
Charging the Future | Science News LearningCharging the Future | Science News Learning
Reduction-oxidation reaction demonstration This teacher-led demonstration is a straightforward introduction to reduction- ...
https://www.sciencenews.org/learning/guide/charging-future
Browsing by Subject Oxidation-reduction zoneBrowsing by Subject "Oxidation-reduction zone"
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that consists of the degradation of organic polymers and biomass minerals in lignocellulose materials. At low pyrolysis temperature (300-400 degrees C), primarily carbon is produced during the reaction time. Rapid ...
https://opinvisindi.is/browse?type=subject&value=Oxidation-reduction%20zone
orp oxidation reduction potential meter | BOQUorp oxidation reduction potential meter | BOQU
orp oxidation reduction potential meter from .BOQU Instrument Check now! ... boquinstrument.com,orp oxidation reduction potential meter,The orp oxidation reduction potential meter is listed as a top ... BOQU provides orp oxidation reduction potential meter products that are selling well in United States, Arabic,Turkey,Japan, ...
https://www.boquinstrument.com/all-products/orp-oxidation-reduction-potential-meter
2mg+o2=2mgo oxidation or reduction
OXIDATION & REDUCTION - Simplified Definitions REDUCTION 2Mg O2 2MgO state weather this is oxidation or reduction reaction in ... oxidation process . What is the oxidation half-reaction for 2Mg + O2 + 2Mgo? Oxidation - Reduction Reactions "Oxidation is a ... Introduction to Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Reactions - … Method 1 : Oxidation number (or oxidation state) 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. or ... Or hydrogen that oxidation-reduction reactions among the following reactions the reactants that undergo oxidation and reduction ...
http://www.thenorwood.com/rvxzkg9g/c90ff0-2mg%2Bo2%3D2mgo-oxidation-or-reduction
OXIDATION AND REDUCTION 1 | Regents Prep OnlineOXIDATION AND REDUCTION 1 | Regents Prep Online
For the student who needs more than just a classroom ...
http://regentspreponline.com/quiz/oxidation-and-reduction-1
Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions (article) | Khan Academy
Find out how to identify redox reactions using oxidation numbers. ... Worked example: Using oxidation numbers to identify oxidation ... Science·AP®︎/College Chemistry·Chemical reactions·Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions. Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions ...
https://en.khanacademy.org/science/ap-chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:chemical-reactions/x2eef969c74e0d802:oxidation-reduction-redox-reactions/a/oxidation-number
Malonyl-CoA: the regulator of fatty acid synthesis and oxidationMalonyl-CoA: the regulator of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation
... J Clin Invest. 2012 Jun;122(6):1958-9. doi: 10.1172/jci63967. ... was also an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. Subsequent experiments have borne out this finding and furthered our ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22833869/?dopt=Abstract
Chemistry (12th Edition) Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds - 22.1 Hydrocarbons - 22.1 Lesson Check - Page 771 11 | GradeSaverChemistry (12th Edition) Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds - 22.1 Hydrocarbons - 22.1 Lesson Check - Page 771 11 | GradeSaver
Chapter 20 - Oxidation-Reduction Reactions * Chapter 21 - Electrochemistry * Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds * 22.1 ...
https://www.gradesaver.com/textbooks/science/chemistry/chemistry-12th-ed/chapter-22-hydrocarbon-compounds-22-1-hydrocarbons-22-1-lesson-check-page-771/11
oxidation numberoxidation number
Each atom that participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction is assigned an oxidation number that reflects its ability to ... The iron ion Fe3+, for example, has an oxidation number of +3 because it can acquire three electrons to form a chemical bond, ... also called oxidation state, the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond ... while the oxygen ion O2− has an oxidation number of −2 because it can donate two electrons. In an electronically neutral ...
https://www.britannica.com/science/oxidation-number
National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM) | U.S. Geological SurveyNational Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM) | U.S. Geological Survey
Reduction-Oxidation Potential (Electrode Method) Reduction-oxidation (redox) potential--also referred to as Eh--is a measure of ... Reduction-Oxidation Potential (Electrode Method) Reduction-oxidation (redox) potential--also referred to as Eh--is a measure of ... 6.5 Reduction-Oxidation Potential-Electrode Method (Version 1.2, 9/2005). *6.6 Alkalinity and Acid Neutralizing Capacity ( ... 6.5 Reduction-Oxidation Potential-Electrode Method (Version 1.2, 9/2005). *6.6 Alkalinity and Acid Neutralizing Capacity ( ...
https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/national-field-manual-collection-water-quality-data-nfm
Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12 | Worksheet for Education
Chemistry 12 from oxidation reduction worksheet answers, image source: mscoolidge.wordpress.com ... Home ➠ Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers ➠ Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12 Oxidation Reduction Worksheet ... Gallery of Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12. Related Posts for Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers ... You can download and please share this Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12 ideas to your friends and family via ...
https://ventureitch.com/oxidation-reduction-worksheet-answers/oxidation-reduction-worksheet-answers-chemistry-12-2/
Determine whether each change represents oxidation or reduction. - VEasyLife
Conversion of iron from its +3 oxidation state to +2 oxidation state is reduction. ... Determine whether a change of CH4CH4 to CO2CO2 represents oxidation or reduction. ... Determine whether a change of CH3OHCH3OH to CH4CH4 represents oxidation or reduction. ... Each hydrogen atom receives its preferred positive oxidation state of +1.. *Therefore, to balance, the carbon atom receives a ...
https://veasylife.com/determine-whether-each-change-represents-oxidation-or-reduction/
Metal oxide reduction linked to anaerobic methane oxidation - MARUM PublicationsMetal oxide reduction linked to anaerobic methane oxidation - MARUM Publications
Oni, OE and Friedrich, MW (2017) Metal oxide reduction linked to anaerobic methane oxidation. Trends in Microbiology, 25(2). 88 ...
https://publications.marum.de/4184/
ReactionsReactionChemistryElectronsAtomsCompoundsCatalyzes the oxidationProcessesAnaerobicContaminantsAmmoniaCarbon dioxideOxideAtomSulfideAbstractSelectiveProcessStateHydrogenSpeciesChemicalNumbersGrapheneInvolvesSubstancePhosphateTemperatureProteinConcentrationMetabolicMeasurement
Reactions31
  • This is an introduction to oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as redox reactions. (thoughtco.com)
  • Learn what redox reactions are, get examples of oxidation-reduction reactions, and find out why redox reactions are important. (thoughtco.com)
  • Usually,​ the change in oxidation number is associated with a gain or loss of electrons, but there are some redox reactions (e.g., covalent bonding ) that do not involve electron transfer. (thoughtco.com)
  • The electron transfer system in cells and oxidation of glucose in the human body are examples of redox reactions. (thoughtco.com)
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions are vital for biochemical reactions and industrial processes as well. (thoughtco.com)
  • Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Oxidation Reduction Reactions-Redox Reactions. (thoughtco.com)
  • Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/oxidation-reduction-reactions-604037 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Oxidation Reduction Reactions-Redox Reactions. (thoughtco.com)
  • https://www.thoughtco.com/oxidation-reduction-reactions-604037 (accessed November 29, 2022). (thoughtco.com)
  • For reduction and oxidation, the reactions and their coupling to transport processes must first be understood for individual particles. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • With the Metal Activity and Reactivity: Oxidation and Reduction Reactions-ChemTopic™ Lab Activity, carry out a series of possible single replacement reactions of metals with solutions of metal cations and determine the activity series of the metals by observing which combinations of metals and metal cations undergo chemical reactions. (flinnsci.com)
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions provide typical examples of this trend. (caltech.edu)
  • This teacher-led demonstration is a straightforward introduction to reduction-oxidation reactions. (sciencenews.org)
  • In the following oxidation/reduction reaction identify the species that is oxidized: 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) = 2MgO (s) Some of the reactions you conducted can be categorized as more than one type of reaction. (thenorwood.com)
  • Introduction to Oxidation Reduction (Redox) Reactions - … Method 1 : Oxidation number (or oxidation state) 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. (thenorwood.com)
  • Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ Identify from the following reactions the reactants that undergo oxidation and reduction. (thenorwood.com)
  • Zn + 2H(+) → Zn(2+) + H2, See all questions in Oxidation and Reduction Reactions. (thenorwood.com)
  • Question: Study This Chemical Reaction 2Mg+02-2Mgo Then, Write Balanced Half-reactions Describing The Oxidation And Reduction That Happen In This Reaction Oxidation: Reduction: This problem has been solved! (thenorwood.com)
  • The branch of chemistry that deals with electricity-related applications of oxidation-reduction reactions is called electrochemistry . (schoolbag.info)
  • Oxidation-reduction reactions involve a transfer of electrons from the substance oxidized to the substance reduced. (schoolbag.info)
  • One means of separating oxidation and reduction half-reactions is with a porous barrier, which prevents the metal atoms of one half-reaction from mixing with the ions of the other half-reaction. (schoolbag.info)
  • All combustion reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions . (moviecultists.com)
  • That makes combustion a subset of oxidation reactions. (moviecultists.com)
  • In summary, redox reactions can always be recognized by a change in oxidation number of two of the atoms in the reaction . (moviecultists.com)
  • They also write out oxidation or reduction reactions for given atoms undergoing loss or gain of electrons. (lessonplanet.com)
  • Bilirubin is produced in the reticuloendothelial system as the end product of heme catabolism and is formed through oxidation-reduction reactions. (medscape.com)
  • Thus nicotinamide is involved in numerous oxidation-reduction reactions in mammalian biological systems acting as an antioxidant. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Selenoproteins are primarily involved in chemical reactions called oxidation-reduction reactions, which are essential for protecting cells from damage caused by unstable oxygen-containing molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Redox reaction is the combination of both oxidation and reduction reactions. (bestlearns.in)
  • You can also change the pulldown to "Redox reactions" to see only oxidation-reduction reactions, as described below. (gwb.com)
  • Aerobic ammonia and nitrite oxidation reactions are fundamental biogeochemical reactions contributing to the global nitrogen cycle. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Derivatization can be obtained by organic or electrochemical reactions, such as oxidation and reduction, or by displacement or addition reactions. (metrolab.blog)
Reaction24
  • What Is an Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction? (thoughtco.com)
  • Any chemical reaction in which the oxidation numbers ( oxidation states ) of the atoms are changed is an oxidation-reduction reaction. (thoughtco.com)
  • There is no net change in charge in a redox reaction so the excess electrons in the oxidation reaction must equal the number of electrons consumed by the reduction reaction. (thoughtco.com)
  • How to balance equations for reduction/oxidation reaction? (thenorwood.com)
  • Now, to get the balanced chemical equation, multiply the oxidation half-reaction by #2# to get equal numbers of electrons lost in oxidation half-reaction and gained in the reduction half-reaction. (thenorwood.com)
  • 2MgO(s) Use oxidation numbers to show that oxygen has been reduced in its reaction with magnesium (2 marks) 2) The reaction between Magnesium and sulfuric acid is is a redox reaction. (thenorwood.com)
  • OXIDATION & REDUCTION - Simplified Definitions REDUCTION 2Mg O2 2MgO state weather this is oxidation or reduction reaction in terms of the oxygen on the left of the equation many thanks? (thenorwood.com)
  • Oxidation: A chemical reaction which involves addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen or loss of electron(s) is called as oxidation. (thenorwood.com)
  • Each atom that participates in an oxidation-reduction reaction is assigned an oxidation number that reflects its ability to acquire , donate, or share electrons. (britannica.com)
  • Is CO2 + H2O ->H2CO3 an oxidation-reduction reaction? (enotes.com)
  • In another example of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the substance that is oxidized during the reaction is separated from the substance that is reduced during the reaction. (schoolbag.info)
  • Why combustion reaction is an oxidation reaction? (moviecultists.com)
  • In a combustion reaction oxygen is combined with the fuel source usually carbon and hydrogen based resulting in carbon dioxide and water and so this is an oxidation reaction. (moviecultists.com)
  • An oxidation reaction occurs when oxygen is coupled with a fuel source, which is commonly carbon or hydrogen based, to produce carbon dioxide and water. (moviecultists.com)
  • To begin with, all combustion processes involve oxidation (some possible exceptions) but not all oxidation reaction are combustion. (moviecultists.com)
  • How do you know if a reaction is oxidation-reduction? (moviecultists.com)
  • Any reaction in which no oxidation numbers change is not a redox reaction. (moviecultists.com)
  • Fire is burning , which is combustion, and combustion is a type of oxidation reaction. (moviecultists.com)
  • Oxidation is an exothermic reaction, meaning it gives releases heat energy. (moviecultists.com)
  • What is another term for oxidation-reduction reaction? (moviecultists.com)
  • oxidation-reduction reaction, also called redox reaction , any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a participating chemical species changes. (moviecultists.com)
  • Here is a laboratory exercise where chemistry masters carry out an oxidation reaction to change ethanol into ethanal. (lessonplanet.com)
  • For the removal of hydrogen sulfide, Pro-OX directly oxidizes sulfide and catalyzes the oxidation reaction. (cleanwaterstore.com)
  • In the bleaching process, the bleaching agents act by releasing the oxygen into the dental structures in a reaction so-called oxidation-reduction. (bvsalud.org)
Chemistry4
  • In the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry , the oxidation number of an element that may exist in more than one oxidation state is indicated by a roman numeral in parentheses after the name of the element-e.g., iron(II) chloride (FeCl 2 ) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3 ). (britannica.com)
  • We hope your happy with this Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12 idea. (ventureitch.com)
  • You can download and please share this Oxidation Reduction Worksheet Answers Chemistry 12 ideas to your friends and family via your social media account. (ventureitch.com)
  • ABSTRACT This work presents a newly developed model for the oxidation of methanol and ethanol and their fuel interaction with NOx (NO and NO2) chemistry in jet-stirred and flow reactors, freely propagating and burner-stabilized premixed flames, as well as shock tubes. (semanticscholar.org)
Electrons8
  • Oxidation involves the loss of electrons or hydrogen OR gain of oxygen OR increase in oxidation state. (thoughtco.com)
  • or Magnesium also loses electrons and loss of electrons is oxidation. (thenorwood.com)
  • oxidation number , also called oxidation state , the total number of electrons that an atom either gains or loses in order to form a chemical bond with another atom. (britannica.com)
  • The iron ion Fe 3+ , for example, has an oxidation number of +3 because it can acquire three electrons to form a chemical bond, while the oxygen ion O 2− has an oxidation number of −2 because it can donate two electrons. (britannica.com)
  • The oxygen atoms undergo reduction , formally gaining electrons, while the carbon atoms undergo oxidation, losing electrons. (moviecultists.com)
  • During oxidation, there is a transfer of electrons . (moviecultists.com)
  • In other words, during oxidation, there is a loss of electrons. (moviecultists.com)
  • There is an opposite process of oxidation known as a reduction in which there is a gain of electrons. (moviecultists.com)
Atoms1
  • for example, in hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) the oxidation number of the two iron atoms (+6 in total) balances the oxidation number of the three oxygen atoms (−6). (britannica.com)
Compounds7
  • Figure 4.10 The oxidation numbers of elements in their compounds 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2MgO (s) 0 0 +2 -2 Rules: Elements = zero Sum of oxidation numbers = charge on molecule Sum of oxidation … Notice that the charge is balanced because you have. (thenorwood.com)
  • fluorine , for example, has the oxidation number −1 in all its compounds . (britannica.com)
  • The results suggest that binding and reduction of azo compounds by different forms of microsomal cytochrome P-450 is regulated by the electron densities and redox potentials of the dyes. (elsevier.com)
  • This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • Many compounds are not allergenic themselves but are activated in the skin (e.g., metabolically) or before skin contact (e.g., via air oxidation) to form skin sensitizers. (cdc.gov)
  • The clinical importance of air oxidation to activate nonallergenic compounds has been demonstrated. (cdc.gov)
  • mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Catalyzes the oxidation1
  • It catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate and the reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). (medscape.com)
Processes3
  • The application of Fenton-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as photo-Fenton or electro-Fenton for wastewater treatment have been extensively studied in recent decades due to its high efficiency for the decomposition of persistent organic pollutants. (aalto.fi)
  • Anaerobic microbial processes including denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis are responsible for releasing potent greenhouse gases (NO, N2O, H2S, and CH4) into the atmosphere (Schlesinger, 1996). (kenyon.edu)
  • The most commonly used biophysical methods are: coagulation, softening, iron and manganese oxidation, anion exchange, activated alumina membrane processes and elecrodialysis. (who.int)
Anaerobic2
  • In this study, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was used as a controlling parameter to regulate oxygen dosing to the recycled biogas for online sulfide oxidation in an upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) system. (iwaponline.com)
  • Oni, OE and Friedrich, MW (2017) Metal oxide reduction linked to anaerobic methane oxidation. (marum.de)
Contaminants2
  • Since 1995, ISOTEC has revolutionized soil and groundwater remediation through proprietary in-situ chemical oxidation and reduction technologies that destroy contaminants in soil and groundwater. (isotec-inc.com)
  • removes contaminants and impurities from your drinking water using Reduction Oxidation, Absorption, and Hydrostatic Pressure down to .03 of a microns. (561media.com)
Ammonia1
  • for example, nitrogen can have any oxidation number between −3 (as in ammonia, NH 3 ) and +5 (as in nitric acid , HNO 3 ). (britannica.com)
Carbon dioxide2
  • Formation of carbon dioxide after removal of oxygen is a reduction. (veasylife.com)
  • Combustion is the complete oxidation of organic compound into carbon dioxide and water molecules in presence of oxygen gas whereas oxidation is the addition of oxygen in a compound or addition with an element. (moviecultists.com)
Oxide4
  • The thermo-chemical oxidation of the iron particles with atmospheric oxygen to iron oxide particles represents the complementary process and closes the cycle. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Graphite oxide (GO) was prepared from liquid oxidation based on Hummers method and the graphene was then prepared using sodium borohydride to reduce the exfoliated graphite oxide by ultrasonication during which moderate sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was added into the suspension to reduce the agglomeration among the graphene layers and to obtain a stable graphene suspension. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Phosphorous is a pentavalent element hence show +3 and +5 oxidation state (d orbital presence).it form two oxide P 2 O 3 (+3) and P 2 O 5. (chemzipper.com)
  • Hydrogen-rich water for green reduction of graphene oxide suspensions. (h2bev.com)
Atom4
  • Each hydrogen atom receives its preferred positive oxidation state of +1. (veasylife.com)
  • Therefore, to balance, the carbon atom receives a negative oxidation state of -4. (veasylife.com)
  • Each oxygen atom receives its preferred negative oxidation state of -2. (veasylife.com)
  • Therefore, the carbon atom is undergoing oxidation . (veasylife.com)
Sulfide1
  • In other words, to achieve satisfactory sulfide oxidation for the lower influent sulfate conditions, it was not necessary to raise the ORP by as much as +25 mV. (iwaponline.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "We have previously established that microsomal reduction of azo dyes requires polar electron-donating ring substituents [e.g. (elsevier.com)
Selective1
  • It improves the performance of combined-cycle power plants while sharply reducing emissions with its integrated catalytic oxidation and selective catalytic reduction technology. (process-heating.com)
Process6
  • This process is known as the oxidation or oxidation process. (thenorwood.com)
  • Therefore, the change is a reduction process. (veasylife.com)
  • Combustion is an oxidation process . (moviecultists.com)
  • In the first oxidation step, biliverdin is formed from heme through the action of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting step in the process, releasing iron and carbon monoxide. (medscape.com)
  • Pro-OX media uses an oxidation-reduction filtration process similar to greensand, but at a far higher level of performance, and lasts many years longer due to its solid form and higher purity. (cleanwaterstore.com)
  • This study aimed to analyse the agenda setting process for maternal mortality reduction policies in nine successful countries in achieving Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) using the Kingdon's multiple streams theory. (who.int)
State4
  • Conversion of iron from its +3 oxidation state to +2 oxidation state is reduction. (veasylife.com)
  • The assignments show that carbon increases its oxidation state from -4 to +4. (veasylife.com)
  • Changes in the oxidation state of terminal electron acceptors may result in nutrient loss from the system via volatilization or leaching. (kenyon.edu)
  • Because of the highly oxidative state of the Pro-OX media, aeration alone is often sufficient to provide the oxidation required. (cleanwaterstore.com)
Hydrogen2
  • In thermo-chemical reduction, porous microparticles of iron oxides are reduced with green hydrogen to porous microparticles of pure iron. (tu-darmstadt.de)
  • Superior Graphene for Hydrogen Adsorption Prepared by the Improved Liquid Oxidation-Reduction Method[J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
Species1
  • Exposure to herbal remedies pre- azo reduction in vivo to yield the car- sibly breast cancer), but at present pared from plant species of the ge- cinogen benzidine. (who.int)
Chemical2
  • We specialize in in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) services and, in the last decade, have gained significant experience utilizing in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR), metals remediation and bioremediation applications. (isotec-inc.com)
  • We operate using safe and effective delivery techniques with multiple reagents for chemical oxidation, reduction and bio-enhancement within a variety of site settings. (isotec-inc.com)
Numbers1
Graphene1
  • The samples prepared by liquid oxidation-reduction were compared with that prepared by the improved liquid oxidation-reduction method, which indicates that the addition of SDBS effectively reduces agglomeration among the graphene layers and this generates high quality graphene. (pku.edu.cn)
Involves1
  • Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction involves a decrease in oxidation number. (thoughtco.com)
Substance1
  • For the electroactive substance adsorbed or interacting with the electrode surface, the elimination function gives a well detectable peak-counterpeak signal which can be successfully used to analyze overlapped reduction or oxidation signals. (muni.cz)
Phosphate1
  • We suggest that lightning provides some portion of the reduced phosphorus used by microbes, and that phosphate reduction by lightning can be locally important to phosphorus biogeochemistry. (usf.edu)
Temperature2
  • Since the oxidation of Mg to form MgO occurs at room temperature, there is no reason to think that there is sufficient energy to break the O2 bond. (thenorwood.com)
  • Our gas, electric and wood kilns enable high and low temperature firings in oxidation or reduction atmosphere, including soda, wood, raku and pit firings. (fi.it)
Protein2
  • We identified ubiquitin targets and defined the relationship between protein ubiquitination and oxidation during the stress response. (nyu.edu)
  • This delay between oxidation and ubiquitination may be necessary for reprogramming protein dynamics, restoring proteostasis, and resuming cell growth. (nyu.edu)
Concentration1
  • 58 exposed to the allergen in a concentration exceeding the Oxidation individual threshold. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic1
  • Increased static and decreased capacity oxidation-reduction potentials in plasma are predictive of metabolic syndrome. (oregonstate.edu)
Measurement1
  • This is due to Redox Oxidation/Reduction (ORP) being an absolute measurement and the sensing electrode does not require calibration. (reagecon.com)
Chemistry (12th Edition) Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds - 22.1 Hydrocarbons - 22.1 Lesson Check - Page 771 11 | GradeSaver
Chemistry (12th Edition) Chapter 22 - Hydrocarbon Compounds - 22.1 Hydrocarbons - 22.1 Lesson Check - Page 771 11 | GradeSaver (gradesaver.com)
National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM) | U.S. Geological Survey
National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data (NFM) | U.S. Geological Survey (usgs.gov)
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions) (thoughtco.com)
Combustion Of Benzene - eNotes.com
Combustion Of Benzene - eNotes.com (enotes.com)
Flooded Soils - microbewiki
Flooded Soils - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
Difference between revisions of Flooded Soils - microbewiki
Difference between revisions of "Flooded Soils" - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
Difference between revisions of Flooded Soils - microbewiki
Difference between revisions of "Flooded Soils" - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
IndexCat
IndexCat (indexcat.nlm.nih.gov)
Home - Prof Klaus Hellgardt
Home - Prof Klaus Hellgardt (imperial.ac.uk)
7.E: Solutions to Foundations of Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms Problems - Chemistry LibreTexts
7.E: Solutions to Foundations of Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms Problems - Chemistry LibreTexts (chem.libretexts.org)
J SS 1 CLASS LESSONS VIDEOS → OXIDATION AND REDUCTION - BG HOMETUTOR
J SS 1 CLASS LESSONS VIDEOS → OXIDATION AND REDUCTION - BG HOMETUTOR (bghometutor.com)
PH/ORP Adapter - 1130_0B at Phidgets
PH/ORP Adapter - 1130_0B at Phidgets (phidgets.com)
Creator: Neill, James M. - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Creator: Neill, James M. - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Genre: Articles - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Genre: Articles - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
NLMID: 101584575X542 - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
NLMID: 101584575X542 - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Creator: Avery, Oswald Theodore, 1877-1955 - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Creator: Avery, Oswald Theodore, 1877-1955 - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: sugar - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: sugar - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Publisher: Rockefeller University. Press - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Publisher: Rockefeller University. Press - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: sugar - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: sugar - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Genre: Articles - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Genre: Articles - Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results
Oswald T. Avery - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)