Derivatives of OXALOACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include a 2-keto-1,4-carboxy aliphatic structure.
Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.
A carboxy-lyase that catalyzes the decarboxylation of (S)-2-Methyl-3-oxopropanoyl-CoA to propanoyl-CoA. In microorganisms the reaction can be coupled to the vectorial transport of SODIUM ions across the cytoplasmic membrane.
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.
A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.
Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
The state wherein the person is well adjusted.
Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.
Organized services to provide mental health care.
The level of health of the individual, group, or population as subjectively assessed by the individual or by more objective measures.
Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

Extracellular oxidoreduction potential modifies carbon and electron flow in Escherichia coli. (1/239)

Wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 ferments glucose to a mixture of ethanol and acetic, lactic, formic, and succinic acids. In anoxic chemostat culture at four dilution rates and two different oxidoreduction potentials (ORP), this strain generated a spectrum of products which depended on ORP. Whatever the dilution rate tested, in low reducing conditions (-100 mV), the production of formate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate was in molar proportions of approximately 2.5:1:1:0.3, and in high reducing conditions (-320 mV), the production was in molar proportions of 2:0.6:1:2. The modification of metabolic fluxes was due to an ORP effect on the synthesis or stability of some fermentation enzymes; thus, in high reducing conditions, lactate dehydrogenase-specific activity increased by a factor of 3 to 6. Those modifications were concomitant with a threefold decrease in acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) needed for biomass synthesis and a 0.5- to 5-fold decrease in formate flux. Calculations of carbon and cofactor balances have shown that fermentation was balanced and that extracellular ORP did not modify the oxidoreduction state of cofactors. From this, it was concluded that extracellular ORP could regulate both some specific enzyme activities and the acetyl-CoA needed for biomass synthesis, which modifies metabolic fluxes and ATP yield, leading to variation in biomass synthesis.  (+info)

Macrophomate synthase: characterization, sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the novel enzyme catalyzing unusual multistep transformation of 2-pyrones to benzoates. (2/239)

Macrophoma commelinae isolated from spots on leaves of Commelina communis has the ability to transform 5-acetyl-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (1) to 4-acetyl-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzoic acid (macrophomic acid, 2). This biotransformation includes the condensation of the 2-pyrone ring with a C3-unit precursor to form a substituted benzoic acid. We optimized conditions for induction of enzyme activity in M. commelinae, identified oxalacetate as a C3-unit precursor with cell extract, and purified the novel enzyme, macrophomate synthase. Oxalacetate inhibited the enzyme activity at a concentration higher than 5 mM, and magnesium chloride stimulated the enzyme activity. Kinetic analyses gave K(m) of 1.7 mM for 1 at 5 mM oxalacetate, K(m) of 1.2 mM for oxalacetate at 5 mM 1, and k(cat) of 0.46 s(-1) per subunit. Pyruvate was a weak substrate, with K(m) of 35.2 mM and k(cat) of 0.027 s(-1) at 5 mM 1. We cloned and sequenced a cDNA encoding the macrophomate synthase. The cDNA of 1,225 bp contained an open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 339 amino acid residues and 36,244 Da, the sequence of which showed no significant similarity with known proteins in a homology search with BLAST programs. Transformed E. coli cells carrying the cDNA encoding the mature protein of macrophomate synthase overproduced macrophomate synthase under the control of the T7 phage promoter induced by IPTG. The purified enzyme showed the same values of K(m) and optimum pH as the native macrophomate synthase.  (+info)

A family of highly conserved glycosomal 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases from Phytomonas sp. (3/239)

Phytomonas sp. contains two malate dehydrogenase isoforms, a mitochondrial isoenzyme with a high specificity for oxaloacetate and a glycosomal isozyme that acts on a broad range of substrates (Uttaro, A. D., and Opperdoes, F.R. (1997) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 89, 51-59). Here, we show that the low specificity of the latter isoenzyme is the result of a number of recent gene duplications that gave rise to a family of glycosomal 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase genes. Two of these genes were cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Although both gene products have 322 amino acids, share 90.4% identical residues, and have a similar hydrophobicity profile and net charge, their kinetic properties were strikingly different. One isoform behaved as a real malate dehydrogenase with a high specificity for oxaloacetate, whereas the other showed no activity with oxaloacetate but was able to reduce other oxoacids, such as phenyl pyruvate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxovalerate, 2-oxobutyrate, 2-oxo-4-methiolbutyrate, and pyruvate.  (+info)

From malate dehydrogenase to phenyllactate dehydrogenase. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids to generate an improved enzyme-catalyzed activity. (4/239)

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Escherichia coli is highly specific for its keto acid substrate. The placement of the active site-binding groups in MDH effectively discriminates against both the shorter and the longer keto dicarboxylic acids that could potentially serve as alternative substrates. A notable exception to this specificity is the alternative substrate phenylpyruvate. This aromatic keto acid can be reduced by MDH, albeit at a somewhat slower rate and with greatly diminished affinity, despite the presence of several substrate-binding arginyl residues and the absence of a hydrophobic pocket in the active site. The specificity of MDH for phenylpyruvate has now been enhanced, and that for the physiological substrate oxaloacetate has been diminished, through the replacement of one of the binding arginyl residues with several unnatural alkyl and aryl amino acid analogs. This approach, called site-specific modulation, incorporates systematic structural variations at a site of interest. Molecular modeling studies have suggested a structural basis for the affinity of native MDH for phenylpyruvate and a rationale for the improved catalytic activity that is observed with these new, modified phenyllactate dehydrogenases.  (+info)

Reversible inactivation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli ML308 during growth on acetate. (5/239)

During aerobic growth of Escherichia coli ML308 on acetate as sole carbon source, the apparent synthesis of isocitrate dehydrogenase was repressed relative to cultures on other carbon sources, such as glucose, which do not employ the glyoxylate bypass as an anaplerotic sequence. When cells were removed from an acetate medium, or when compounds were added which made the operation of the glyoxylate bypass unnecessary, the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase rapidly increased 3- to 4-fold but fell again on restoration to an acetate medium. Changes in activity were rapid and, furthermore, could be demonstrated in the absence of protein synthesis. It is thus improbable that the mechanism involved degradation or de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein. Oxaloacetate and glyoxylate showed concerted inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase which could be relieved by dialysis. Because extracts of low enzyme activity, derived from acetate-metabolizing cells, could not be stimulated by dialysis or by addition of a wide range of metabolites, it is unlikely that low molecular weight, freely dissociable effectors were responsible for stimulation or inhibition of activity. Control of isocitrate dehydrogenase permitted the efficient utilization of acetate as sole source of carbon and energy but perserved the capacity of the cell to respond rapidly to an improvement in nutritional conditions. A limited survey showed that the mechanism is common but not universal among strains of E. coli and occurs in at least one strain each of Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens.  (+info)

In vivo quantification of parallel and bidirectional fluxes in the anaplerosis of Corynebacterium glutamicum. (6/239)

The C(3)-C(4) metabolite interconversion at the anaplerotic node in many microorganisms involves a complex set of reactions. C(3) carboxylation to oxaloacetate can originate from phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate, and at the same time multiple C(4)-decarboxylating enzymes may be present. The functions of such parallel reactions are not yet fully understood. Using a (13)C NMR-based strategy, we here quantify the individual fluxes at the anaplerotic node of Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is an example of a bacterium possessing multiple carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions. C. glutamicum was grown with a (13)C-labeled glucose isotopomer mixture as the main carbon source and (13)C-labeled lactate as a cosubstrate. 58 isotopomers as well as 15 positional labels of biomass compounds were quantified. Applying a generally applicable mathematical model to include metabolite mass and carbon labeling balances, it is shown that pyruvate carboxylase contributed 91 +/- 7% to C(3) carboxylation. The total in vivo carboxylation rate of 1.28 +/- 0.14 mmol/g dry weight/h exceeds the demand of carboxylated metabolites for biosyntheses 3-fold. Excess oxaloacetate was recycled to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. This shows that the reactions at the anaplerotic node might serve additional purposes other than only providing C(4) metabolites for biosynthesis.  (+info)

Self-organizing biochemical cycles. (7/239)

I examine the plausibility of theories that postulate the development of complex chemical organization without requiring the replication of genetic polymers such as RNA. One conclusion is that theories that involve the organization of complex, small-molecule metabolic cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle on mineral surfaces make unreasonable assumptions about the catalytic properties of minerals and the ability of minerals to organize sequences of disparate reactions. Another conclusion is that data in the Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry that have been claimed to support the hypothesis that the reductive citric acid cycle originated as a self-organized cycle can more plausibly be interpreted in a different way.  (+info)

Different patterns of energy metabolism in the rat and mouse zygate. (8/239)

The development of rat zygotes in vitro to the two-cell stage occurred if lactate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate or oxaloacetate were present in the media. When rat and mouse zygotes were cultured in the same droplet of medium containing lactate or PEP, mouse zygotes did not develop to the two-cell stage but the rat zygotes cleaved.  (+info)

Oxaloacetates are organic compounds that are integral to the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, in biological energy production. Specifically, oxaloacetate is an important intermediate compound within this metabolic pathway, found in the mitochondria of cells.

In the context of a medical definition, oxaloacetates are not typically referred to directly. Instead, the term "oxaloacetic acid" might be used, which is the conjugate acid of the oxaloacetate ion. Oxaloacetic acid has the chemical formula C4H4O5 and appears in various biochemical reactions as a crucial component of cellular respiration.

The Krebs cycle involves several stages where oxaloacetic acid plays a significant role:

1. In the first step, oxaloacetic acid combines with an acetyl group (derived from acetyl-CoA) to form citric acid, releasing coenzyme A in the process. This reaction is catalyzed by citrate synthase.
2. Throughout subsequent steps of the cycle, citric acid undergoes a series of reactions that generate energy in the form of NADH and FADH2 (reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, respectively), as well as GTP (guanosine triphosphate).
3. At the end of the cycle, oxaloacetic acid is regenerated to continue the process anew. This allows for continuous energy production within cells.

In summary, while "oxaloacetates" isn't a standard term in medical definitions, it does refer to an essential component (oxaloacetic acid) of the Krebs cycle that plays a critical role in cellular respiration and energy production.

Carboxy-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from a substrate, often releasing carbon dioxide in the process. These enzymes play important roles in various metabolic pathways, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, sugars, and other organic compounds.

Carboxy-lyases are classified under EC number 4.2 in the Enzyme Commission (EC) system. They can be further divided into several subclasses based on their specific mechanisms and substrates. For example, some carboxy-lyases require a cofactor such as biotin or thiamine pyrophosphate to facilitate the decarboxylation reaction, while others do not.

Examples of carboxy-lyases include:

1. Pyruvate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during fermentation in yeast and other organisms.
2. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO): This enzyme is essential for photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria, as it catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule during the Calvin cycle.
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, this enzyme plays a role in anaplerotic reactions that replenish intermediates in the citric acid cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate.
4. Aspartate transcarbamylase: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, a class of nucleotides. It catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group from carbamoyl aspartate to carbamoyl phosphate, forming cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and fumarate.
5. Urocanase: Found in animals, this enzyme is involved in histidine catabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to formiminoglutamate and ammonia.

Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of certain amino acids and fatty acids. Specifically, it catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA through the decarboxylation of the thioester bond.

The reaction is as follows:

Methylmalonyl-CoA → Propionyl-CoA + CO2

This enzyme requires biotin as a cofactor, and its activity is reduced in individuals with methylmalonic acidemia, a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the MMAB or MCEE genes that encode subunits of the methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme complex.

Deficiency of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of methylmalonic acid and methylmalonyl-CoA, which can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and other symptoms associated with the disorder.

Veillonella is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid or rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the human mouth, intestines, and female genital tract. They are known to be obligate parasites, meaning they rely on other organisms for nutrients and energy. Veillonella species are often associated with dental caries and have been implicated in various infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and wound infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Proper identification of Veillonella species is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.

Oxaloacetic acid is a chemical compound that plays a significant role in the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle. It is a key metabolic intermediate in both glucose and fatty acid catabolism. Oxaloacetic acid is a four-carbon carboxylic acid that has two carboxyl groups and one ketone group.

In the Krebs cycle, oxaloacetic acid reacts with acetyl-CoA (an activated form of acetic acid) to form citric acid, releasing CoA and initiating the cycle. Throughout the cycle, oxaloacetic acid is continuously regenerated from malate, another intermediate in the cycle.

Additionally, oxaloacetic acid plays a role in amino acid metabolism as it can accept an amino group (NH3) to form aspartic acid, which is an essential component of several biochemical processes, including protein synthesis and the urea cycle.

"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is a medical term that refers to a type of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It's a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.

"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. It's a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and wound infections.

The bacterium is known for its ability to produce a polysaccharide capsule that makes it resistant to phagocytosis by white blood cells, allowing it to evade the host's immune system. Additionally, "Klebsiella pneumoniae" has developed resistance to many antibiotics, making infections caused by this bacterium difficult to treat and a growing public health concern.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. It involves the emotional, psychological, and social aspects of an individual's health. Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness, it also includes positive characteristics such as resilience, happiness, and having a sense of purpose in life.

It is important to note that mental health can change over time, and it is possible for an individual to experience periods of good mental health as well as periods of poor mental health. Factors such as genetics, trauma, stress, and physical illness can all contribute to the development of mental health problems. Additionally, cultural and societal factors, such as discrimination and poverty, can also impact an individual's mental health.

Mental Health professionals like psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and other mental health counselors use different tools and techniques to evaluate, diagnose and treat mental health conditions. These include therapy or counseling, medication, and self-help strategies.

Aspartate aminotransferases (ASTs) are a group of enzymes found in various tissues throughout the body, including the heart, liver, and muscles. They play a crucial role in the metabolic process of transferring amino groups between different molecules.

In medical terms, AST is often used as a blood test to measure the level of this enzyme in the serum. Elevated levels of AST can indicate damage or injury to tissues that contain this enzyme, such as the liver or heart. For example, liver disease, including hepatitis and cirrhosis, can cause elevated AST levels due to damage to liver cells. Similarly, heart attacks can also result in increased AST levels due to damage to heart muscle tissue.

It is important to note that an AST test alone cannot diagnose a specific medical condition, but it can provide valuable information when used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation.

Mental health services refer to the various professional health services designed to treat and support individuals with mental health conditions. These services are typically provided by trained and licensed mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mental health counselors, and marriage and family therapists. The services may include:

1. Assessment and diagnosis of mental health disorders
2. Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" to help individuals understand and manage their symptoms
3. Medication management for mental health conditions
4. Case management and care coordination to connect individuals with community resources and support
5. Psychoeducation to help individuals and families better understand mental health conditions and how to manage them
6. Crisis intervention and stabilization services
7. Inpatient and residential treatment for severe or chronic mental illness
8. Prevention and early intervention services to identify and address mental health concerns before they become more serious
9. Rehabilitation and recovery services to help individuals with mental illness achieve their full potential and live fulfilling lives in the community.

Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a low boiling point and easily evaporate at room temperature. They can be liquids or solids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde, which are found in many household products, including paints, paint strippers, and other solvents; cleaning supplies; pesticides; building materials and furnishings; office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper; and glues and adhesives.

VOCs can cause both short- and long-term health effects. Short-term exposure to high levels of VOCs can cause headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, and memory problems. Long-term exposure can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Some VOCs are also suspected or known carcinogens.

It is important to properly use, store, and dispose of products that contain VOCs to minimize exposure. Increasing ventilation by opening windows and doors or using fans can also help reduce exposure to VOCs.

... is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate. It is categorized under ... oxaloacetate decarboxylases. The latter enzymes catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and can be classified ... the membrane-bound sodium-dependent and biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylases from enterobacteria. An oxaloacetate ... Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity in a given organism may be due to activity of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, malate ...
... enol-oxaloacetate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, keto-oxaloacetate, and one product, enol-oxaloacetate. This enzyme ... In enzymology, an oxaloacetate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction keto-oxaloacetate ... While oxaloacetate tautomerase was characterized in several papers in the 1960s and 1970s, this activity has not been ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxaloacetate keto---enol-isomerase. This enzyme is also called oxaloacetic keto- ...
In enzymology, a glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction glycine + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycine:oxaloacetate aminotransferase. This enzyme is also called glycine- ... oxaloacetate aminotransferase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. Gibbs RG, Morris JG (1966). "Formation of glycine ... the two substrates of this enzyme are glycine and oxaloacetate, whereas its two products are glyoxylate and L-aspartate. This ...
I. With oxaloacetate and alpha-ketoglutarate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 237: 127-32. PMID 14004226. Wu HL, Mason M ... In enzymology, a pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.31) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is pyridoxamine:oxaloacetate aminotransferase. This enzyme participates in vitamin B6 ... the two substrates of this enzyme are pyridoxamine and oxaloacetate, whereas its two products are pyridoxal and L-aspartate. ...
In enzymology, a malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.38) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating). Other names in ...
... (EC 1.1.1.40) or NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is an enzyme that ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-malate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating). This enzyme ... fixed as oxaloacetate, converted into malate and released internally within bundle sheath cells to directly feed RuBisCO ...
Aspartate + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ Oxaloacetate + Glutamate . "Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information ...
Krampitz, Lester Orville; Werkman, Chester Hamlin (1941). "The enzymic decarboxylation of oxaloacetate". Biochemical Journal. ...
... oxaloacetate + ADP + P It is an important anaplerotic reaction that creates oxaloacetate from pyruvate. The enzyme is a ... Oxaloacetate produced by PC is an important intermediate, which is used in these biosynthetic pathways. In mammals, PC is ... The resultant oxaloacetate is released. The biotin molecule is protonated by the aforementioned active site residue and ... Utter MF, Keech DB (May 1960). "Formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and carbon dioxide". J. Biol. Chem. 235: PC17-8. doi: ...
Carboxylation by pyruvate carboxylase produces oxaloacetate. Transamination by alanine transaminase produces alanine. Reduction ... the oxaloacetate is used for gluconeogenesis. These reactions are named after Hans Adolf Krebs, the biochemist awarded the 1953 ... Pyruvate is also converted to oxaloacetate by an anaplerotic reaction, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates; also, ...
... oxaloacetate, (2) methylmalonyl-CoA, (3) glutaconyl-CoA and (4) malonate. The oxaloacetate decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.3; TC# 3.B. ... Dimroth P, Jockel P, Schmid M (May 2001). "Coupling mechanism of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase Na(+) pump". Biochimica et ... Woehlke G, Wifling K, Dimroth P (November 1992). "Sequence of the sodium ion pump oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Salmonella ... The α-subunits of the oxaloacetate and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylases are homologous to many biotin-containing enzymes ...
Rognstad R (August 1979). "Pyruvate cycling involving possible oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity". Biochimica et Biophysica ...
... however no such proteins exist for oxaloacetate. Therefore, in species that lack intra-mitochondrial PEPCK, oxaloacetate must ... Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate using NADH, a step required for its transportation out of the mitochondria. Malate is ... Oxaloacetate is decarboxylated and then phosphorylated to form phosphoenolpyruvate using the enzyme PEPCK. A molecule of GTP is ... In all species, the formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates is restricted to the mitochondrion, and ...
... converts oxaloacetate into aspartate by transamination. This aspartate as well as alpha-ketoglutarate return into the ... GOT2 has been seen to interact with: oxaloacetate kynurenine aspartate alpha-ketoglutarate Click on genes, proteins and ... "Assignment to chromosome 16 of a gene necessary for the expression of human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ( ... "Mapping studies on human mitochondrial glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase". Annals of Human Genetics. 46 (Pt 2): 145-52. doi: ...
The cycle ends with regeneration of oxaloacetate. This series of chemical reactions is the source of two-thirds of the food- ... Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate ... and into oxaloacetate. Citrate is a positive modulator of this conversion, and allosterically regulates the enzyme acetyl-CoA ...
PEPC-K will catalyze oxaloacetate to generate phosphoenolpyruvate. This phosphorylation and decarboxylation of oxaloacetate is ... Also, oxaloacetate can be decarboxylated to phosphoenolpyruvate when more PEPC-K can catalyze the reaction. Furthermore, gene ... Decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by PEPC-K, the essential enzyme which regulates ... For example, glutamate can generate oxaloacetate in 2 steps. First of all, glutamate can be converted to 2-oxoglutarate with ...
PEPCKase converts oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide. oxaloacetate phosphoenolpyruvate As PEPCK acts at ... In the bundle sheath cells, aspartate is converted back to oxaloacetate. PEPCK decarboxylates the bundle sheath oxaloacetate, ... It converts oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide. It is found in two forms, cytosolic and mitochondrial. In ... In C4 carbon fixation, carbon dioxide is first fixed by combination with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate in the ...
Hayaishi O, Shimazono H, Katagiri M, Saito Y (1956). "Enzymatic formation of oxalate and acetate from oxaloacetate". J. Am. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase. This enzyme is also called oxalacetic hydrolase. Gadd ... In enzymology, an oxaloacetase (EC 3.7.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: oxaloacetate + H2O ⇌ {\ ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oxalate + acetate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are oxaloacetate and H2O, whereas ...
The increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio is due to the reaction of oxaloacetate to malate in the cytoplasm via the enzyme malate ... Oxaloacetate is a metabolic intermediate of the citric acid cycle. In the short-lived roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, ... In mitochondria that have been isolated out of cells and tested in oxaloacetate-enriched medium, this increase can be quite ... Because of its parallel effects on these pathways, oxaloacetate was proposed as a CR mimetic. In the short-lived roundworm ...
Enol-oxaloacetate can then izomerize into keto-oxaloacetate. Both Fumarase A and Fumarase B have essentially the same kinetics ... However, the enzyme can also catalyze the dehydration of D-tartrate which results in enol-oxaloacetate. ... but Fumarase B has a much higher catalytic efficiency for the conversion of D-tartrate to oxaloacetate compared to Fumarase A. ...
Then glutamate transfers the amino group to oxaloacetate. This transfer is so that the oxaloacetate can be converted to ...
The systematic name is oxaloacetate-4-methyl-ester oxaloacetohydrolase. Donnelly MI, Dagley S (1980). "Production of methanol ... The enzyme 4-methyloxaloacetate esterase (EC 3.1.1.44) catalyzes the reaction oxaloacetate 4-methyl ester + H2O ⇌ {\ ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } oxaloacetate + methanol This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those ...
In order to get the oxaloacetate out of the mitochondria, malate dehydrogenase reduces it to malate, and it then traverses the ... This may be due to deviations observed in the kinetic behavior of malate dehydrogenase at high oxaloacetate and L-malate ... In contrast, D-malate, hydroxymalonate, and the keto form of oxaloacetate have been found to bind exclusively to the protonated ... Malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) (MDH) is an enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate using ...
It inhibits the reduction of oxaloacetate under all conditions. Citrate also inhibits malate oxidation, but only at low malate ... Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in ... All three effectors (malate, oxaloacetate and citrate) bind to the same putative allosteric site. Recent studies of ... Thus, glutamate can react with the aminotransferase in this complex without glutamate inhibiting production of oxaloacetate by ...
Aspartate then undergoes transamination to form glutamate and oxaloacetate from alpha-ketoglutarate. Oxaloacetate, which enters ... The enzyme transfers the amino group from glutamate to oxaloacetate producing α-ketoglutarate and aspartate. The enzyme ... tofu The precursor to asparagine is oxaloacetate, which a transaminase enzyme converts to aspartate. ...
Then fluoroacetyl-CoA condenses with oxaloacetate to form fluorocitrate. This step is catalyzed by citrate synthase. ...
There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to the mitochondrion as ... To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the ...
The replenishment of oxaloacetate can be achieved. The oxaloacetate can react with the Acetyl-CoA in the first step, completing ... For the malate-oxaloacetate shuttle, 4 major genes are involved. They are PMDH1, MDH, PMDH2, mMDH1. PMDH-1 and PMDH-2 encode ... Moreover, oxaloacetate is reduced by NADH to malate in the cytosol, releasing free electrons. Malate would be transported by ... "malate-oxaloacetate shuttle I". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-28. "6.2: Citric Acid Cycle & Related Pathways". ...
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase (acetyl-CoA-forming). This enzyme is also called ... oxaloacetate This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. ... 3S)-citryl-CoA oxaloacetate-lyase. This enzyme participates in citrate cycle (tca cycle). Dimroth P, Loyal R, Eggerer H (1977 ...
It is involved in the production of oxaloacetate from pyruvate. One of the biological tethers used in the synthesis of fats is ...
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate. It is categorized under ... oxaloacetate decarboxylases. The latter enzymes catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and can be classified ... the membrane-bound sodium-dependent and biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylases from enterobacteria. An oxaloacetate ... Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity in a given organism may be due to activity of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, malate ...
Crystal structure of oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase. *PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb3LYE/pdb ...
Timeline for Superfamily c.91.1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-oxaloacetate carboxy-liase): *Superfamily c.91.1: ... Lineage for Superfamily c.91.1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-oxaloacetate carboxy-liase). *Root: SCOP 1.55 *. Class c ... More info for Superfamily c.91.1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-oxaloacetate carboxy-liase). ... Superfamily c.91.1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-oxaloacetate carboxy-liase) appears in the current release, SCOPe ...
... oxaloacetate => fructose-6P. GenEZ™ ORF cDNA clones makes it easy to order customized expression-ready ORF clones from the ... Yarrowia lipolytica CLIB122 (other) Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P (provided by KEGG). Browse by Letter Index, ...
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... oxaloacetate) is a non-hormonal supplement clinically proven to relieve emotional PMS. Get relief from PMS mood swings! ... Solution: Oxaloacetate. Jubilance contains just one active ingredient, oxaloacetate (OAA) - a key metabolite that supports ... Oxaloacetate has been shown to reduce excess glutamate levels and increase GABA levels in the brain in animal trials. ... One Active Ingredient: Oxaloacetate. The PMS supplement Jubilance, powered by the patented compound "thermally stabilized ...
The EnzyChrom Oxaloacetate Assay Kit is designed for Research Use Only (RUO). Manufactured in USA ... Quantitative determination of oxaloacetate by colorimetric (570nm) or fluorimetric (530nm/590nm) methods ...
Rabbit Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1, GOT1 ELISA Kit. ... Rabbit Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1, GOT1 ELISA Kit. ...
It is called Oxaloacetate and there are several products on the market, that contain it. It is part of the Krebs-Cycle, if ... It is called "Oxaloacetate" and there are several products on the market, that contain it. It is part of the Krebs-Cycle, if ... I personally have ordered "Natural Dynamix, Endure DX" which contains 250mg of oxaloacetate per capsule, and will take half a ... Below is a talk on Oxaloacetate by one of the Scientists involved with the production of the supplements. ...
What is oxaloacetate?. Oxaloacetate is a naturally-occurring compound needed by every human cell to produce energy in the Krebs ... Is benaGenes oxaloacetate different from oxalate?. The active ingredient in benaGene is thermally stabilized oxaloacetate. ... While oxaloacetate in the English language sounds very similar to "oxalate," the two compounds are chemically quite different. ... Now oxaloacetate can be provided as a stable nutritional supplement that has a two year shelf life. ...
Overview of Oxaloacetate Oxaloacetate is a compound that has shown potential in boosting brain function and slowing down the ... 5. Is Oxaloacetate safe for consumption?. Studies have shown that Oxaloacetate is safe and has no known side effects when ... To use oxaloacetate for brain-boosting and anti-aging with dosage and administration, as well as oxaloacetate safety and side ... 1. What is Oxaloacetate?. Oxaloacetate is a compound produced naturally in the human body during the process of energy ...
Oxaloacetate and pyruvate treatment groups demonstrated increased neuronal survival (oxaloacetate 2,200 ± 37, pyruvate 2,108 ± ... The tight synergism between blood oxaloacetate and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase make the possibility of a brain ... oxaloacetate treatment, and a decrease in blood glutamate concentration indicates that the impact of oxaloacetate on the brain ... gas scavengers, glutamate, glutamates, hippocampus, oxaloacetate, pyruvates, traumatic brain injuries, rats, brain ...
Does anybody have any news on the Oxaloacetate studies at the Bateman Horne center? They have two RCTs one for Long-Covid and ... Would still be a shame if the trial cant be done due to a lack of participants, especially given the costs of Oxaloacetate.. ... Does anybody have any news on the Oxaloacetate studies at the Bateman Horne center? They have two RCTs one for Long-Covid and ... https://me-pedia.org/wiki/Oxaloacetate. https://www.healthrising.org/blog/2...e oxaloacetate online,used can be found here. ...
Oxaloacetate (or Oxaloacetic Acid) is an organic compound that is involved in many neurophysiological processes within your ... Cost of oxaloacetate is over $1 per dose due to the fact that there are few sellers. Those that are selling oxaloacetate have ... Researchers note that oxaloacetate is effective as a result of its ability to activate the enzyme GOT (glutamate-oxaloacetate ... Have you tried Oxaloacetate as a nutraceutical supplement?. If youve taken oxaloacetate as a nutraceutical supplement, feel ...
Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1. Alexander K.H. Weiss, Andreas Naschberger ... Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1. In: Biochemical Journal. 2018 ; Vol. 475, ... Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1. / Weiss, Alexander K.H.; Naschberger, ... Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1. Biochemical Journal. 2018 Nov 20;475(22): ...
Efficient production and secretion of oxaloacetate from Halomonas sp. KM-1 under aerobic conditions. Overview of attention for ... Efficient production and secretion of oxaloacetate from Halomonas sp. KM-1… https://t.co/ir9czPBEtw #AMBExpress ...
... oxaloacetate (OAA), and acetyl CoA. The latter is crucial for fatty acids synthesis and protein acetylation while OAA is ...
OXALOACETATE ION. C4 H3 O5. KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M. Ligand Interaction. ...
Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate is a molecule that has demonstrated safety and efficacy in animal models with human glioblastoma ... Announces FDA Fast Track Designation of Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate (AEO) for the Treatment of Patients with Newly Diagnosed ... Announces FDA Fast Track Designation of Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate (AEO) for the Treatment of Patients with Newly Diagnosed ... US FDA Orphan Drug Designations for oxaloacetate have been received for gliomas, ALS, and hepatocellular carcinoma. ...
... aspartate from oxaloacetate by AST. In the second turn of the TCA cycle, labeled molecules of oxaloacetate combine again with ( ... Oxaloacetate condensates then with acetyl-CoA to produce de novo molecules of glutamate. The left and right cells represent an ... In astrocytes, [3-13C]oxaloacetate can be formed from [3-13C]pyruvate by PC, leading to the formation of [2-13C]2-oxoglutarate ... Namely, synthesis of de novo oxaloacetate from pyruvate is catalyzed by the glial-specific enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC; ...
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enables anaplerotic refilling of TCA cycle intermediates in stroke-affected brain.. Rink, ... Here, we test the hypothesis that otherwise neurotoxic glutamate can be productively metabolized by glutamate oxaloacetate ... Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enables anaplerotic refilling of TCA cycle intermediates in stroke-affected brain. ...
M00003 Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate => fructose-6P [PATH:eclc00010 eclc00020 eclc01100]. M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate ... M00011 Citrate cycle, second carbon oxidation, 2-oxoglutarate => oxaloacetate [PATH:eclc00020 eclc01200 eclc01210 eclc01100]. ... M00010 Citrate cycle, first carbon oxidation, oxaloacetate => 2-oxoglutarate [PATH:eclc00020 eclc01200 eclc01210 eclc01230 ...
S)-malate + NAD+ -, oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ PlantCyc MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL ... S)-malate + NAD+ ,--, oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ PlantCyc MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL. ... S)-malate + NADP+ ,- oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+ PlantCyc MAL. (S)-malate + NADP+ -, CO2 + pyruvate + NADPH PlantCyc MAL, MAL, ... oxaloacetate + NADPH + H+ -, (S)-malate + NADP+ PlantCyc MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL, MAL. ...
Oxaloacetates, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. in Biochemistry. volume. 33. issue. 39. pages. 7 pages. ... Oxaloacetates; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae}}, language = {{eng}}, month = {{10}}, number = {{39}}, ...
Mitochondria communicate with the ER via aspartate, oxaloacetate, and malate. In so doing, they control their size. RA T-cells ...
Acetyl-CoA reacts with the four carbon carboxylic acid, oxaloacetate--to form the six carbon carboxylic acid, citrate. ... Through a series of reactions citrate is converted back to oxaloacetate. This cycle produces: *2 CO2 ...
Finally, oxaloacetate is formed when the malate is oxidized. NAD+ is then reduced to NADH and H+ during the final oxidation. ... Oxaloacetate is regenerated and the formation of two carbon dioxide molecules occurs during each Krebs cycle. The next stage ... The first step involves a two-carbon acetyl group being transferred by coenzyme A to a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate. This ...
Oxaloacetate is:. Definition. Consumed in the first step of the citric acid cycle and regenerated in the last step of the cycle ...
  • Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity in a given organism may be due to activity of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase or the activity of "real" oxaloacetate decarboxylases. (wikipedia.org)
  • An oxaloacetate decarboxylase from the family of divalent cation dependent decarboxylases was isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum in 1995 by Jetten et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • A oxaloacetate decarboxylase found in mitochondria and soluble cytoplasm was isolated and purified from rat liver cells in 1974 by Wojtcak et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase was the first enzyme of the Na+ transport decarboxylase family demonstrated to act as primary Na+ pump. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within the alpha subunit is the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain, oxaloacetate decarboxylase gamma association domain, and biotin carboxyl carrier domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a well-studied example, human FAH domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) is a mitochondrial protein displaying both acylpyruvate hydrolase (ApH) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODx) activity. (edu.sa)
  • 2011). Quaternary structure of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase membrane complex and mechanistic relationships to pyruvate carboxylases. (tcdb.org)
  • 7524) oxaloacetate decarboxylase alpha subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0006 complement(7556. (go.jp)
  • Blood glutamate concentrations were decreased in the oxaloacetate and pyruvate treatment groups. (asahq.org)
  • The authors demonstrate that the blood glutamate scavengers oxaloacetate and pyruvate provide neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury, expressed both by reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus and improved neurologic outcomes. (asahq.org)
  • Oxaloacetate acts as a neuroprotective agent, primarily as a result of its ability to scavenge glutamate within the blood. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • In animal models of paraoxon intoxication, the combination of oxaloacetic acid (OAA) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were tested for efficacy of preventing brain damage. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Upon simultaneous administration of oxaloacetic acid and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, levels of blood glutamate rapidly plummet. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Specifically, researchers documented that blood-glutamate scavengers (oxaloacetic acid and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) provided neuroprotection against the paraoxon. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • SAN DIEGO, July 1, 2020 - MetVital, Inc., a privately held biopharmaceutical company developing small molecule modulators of altered glutamate metabolism for the treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical need and commercial potential, today announces that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified MetVital that its lead drug candidate, "Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate" (AEO) received Fast Track Designation for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). (metvital.com)
  • Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enables anaplerotic refilling of TCA cycle intermediates in stroke-affected brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we test the hypothesis that otherwise neurotoxic glutamate can be productively metabolized by glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) to maintain cellular energetics and protect the brain from ischemic stroke injury . (bvsalud.org)
  • Acetyl-CoA reacts with the four carbon carboxylic acid, oxaloacetate--to form the six carbon carboxylic acid, citrate. (citizendium.org)
  • Through a series of reactions citrate is converted back to oxaloacetate. (citizendium.org)
  • Oxaloacetate is 1 of 2 essential substrates needed to produce citrate, the first substrate in gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • The lack of oxaloacetate limits gluconeogenesis and urea cycle function. (medscape.com)
  • Oxaloacetate (or Oxaloacetic Acid) is an organic compound that is involved in many neurophysiological processes within your body. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • The active ingredient in benaGene is thermally stabilized oxaloacetate. (benagene.com)
  • The first step involves a two-carbon acetyl group being transferred by coenzyme A to a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate. (brighthub.com)
  • Each turn of the Krebs cycle therefore begins when one of the two acetyl-CoA molecules derived from the original 6-carbon glucose molecule yields its acetyl group to the 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6-carbon tricarboxylic acid (citrate) molecule. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Here, oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl coenzyme A, creating citric acid -- the name of the cycle. (livestrong.com)
  • PC catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate with biotin as a cofactor. (medscape.com)
  • Most PC gene mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in pyruvate carboxylase, which reduces the amount of this enzyme in cells or disrupts its ability to effectively convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • While more research is needed in this area, early studies suggest that oxaloacetate may hold promise as a therapeutic agent. (igelsparks.com)
  • There is compelling evidence to suggest that oxaloacetate may act as a neuroprotective agent within the brain. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • MDH_HALMA ] Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (proteopedia.org)
  • Oxaloacetate can also stimulate the production of NAD+ , an essential molecule for healthy cellular function. (igelsparks.com)
  • Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate is a molecule that has demonstrated safety and efficacy in animal models with human glioblastoma tissue implants, in animal models of ALS, and in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. (metvital.com)
  • Pyruvate carboxylase is responsible for a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called pyruvate to another molecule called oxaloacetate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The EnzyChrom Oxaloacetate Assay Kit is designed for Research Use Only (RUO). (quantichrom.com)
  • For example, oxaloacetate is considered an intermediate in the Kreb's cycle prior to following NAD+ conversion from L-malate and before Pyruvate formation. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Finally, oxaloacetate is formed when the malate is oxidized. (brighthub.com)
  • Oxaloacetate is a naturally-occurring compound needed by every human cell to produce energy in the Krebs cycle. (benagene.com)
  • Oxaloacetate is a crucial metabolic compound essential to the Krebs cycle and energy production. (benagene.com)
  • Oxaloacetate is a compound that has shown potential in boosting brain function and slowing down the aging process. (igelsparks.com)
  • Oxaloacetate is a compound with brain-boosting effects that could potentially improve memory retention. (igelsparks.com)
  • In addition, it appears as though oxaloacetate expedites recovery from brain injuries and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis (growth of new mitochondria). (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • the reaction is initiated by the enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of oxaloacetate in the carboxyltransferase domain of the alpha subunit, yielding pyruvate and carboxybiotin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the gamma subunit significantly accelerates the rate of oxaloacetate decarboxylation in the alpha subunit, and this correlates with the coordination of a Zn2+ metal ion by several residues at the hydrophilic C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, oxaloacetate can improve the plasticity of the hippocampus, leading to better memory consolidation. (igelsparks.com)
  • The latter enzymes catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and can be classified into (i) the divalent cation-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylases and (ii) the membrane-bound sodium-dependent and biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylases from enterobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme selectively catalyzed the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to pyruvate and CO2 with a Km of 2.1mM, Vmax of 158 umol, and kcat of 311 s^-1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Distinct enzymes catalyze decarboxylation of (1) oxaloacetate, (2) methylmalonyl-CoA, (3) glutaconyl-CoA and (4) malonate. (tcdb.org)
  • The oxaloacetate decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.3), methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.4) and malonate decarboxylases are homologous. (tcdb.org)
  • The α-subunits of the oxaloacetate and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylases are homologous to many biotin-containing enzymes including (1) pyruvate carboxylases, (2) homocitrate synthases, (3) biotin carboxyl carrier proteins, (4) isopropylmalate synthases and (5) acyl-CoA carboxylase. (tcdb.org)
  • Oxaloacetate is regenerated and the formation of two carbon dioxide molecules occurs during each Krebs cycle. (brighthub.com)
  • Proper levels of oxaloacetate are crucial for healthy metabolism, glucose system support, and overall cellular function. (benagene.com)
  • Interestingly, oxaloacetate is also involved in glucose metabolism, which suggests its potential role in regulating blood sugar levels. (igelsparks.com)
  • The most prominent benefits derived from oxaloacetate administration are related to its ability to preserve neuronal health and inhibit damage as a result of glutamatergic excitotoxicity. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Who needs coffee when you have oxaloacetate to boost your brain power and leave your neurons feeling like they just won the lottery? (igelsparks.com)
  • The utilization of oxaloacetate as a dietary supplement may benefit people with age-related cognitive decline or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. (igelsparks.com)
  • Interestingly, some researchers have investigated the potential of oxaloacetate as a treatment for age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. (igelsparks.com)
  • Now oxaloacetate can be provided as a stable nutritional supplement that has a two year shelf life. (benagene.com)
  • As a result of its neurobiological mechanisms, oxaloacetate may be a neutraceutical supplement to consider for optimization and preservation of long-term brain health. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • The oxaloacetate decaboxylase pump is also reversible: at high concentrations of extracellular Na+, the pump will couple downhill movement of Na+ into the cytosol with the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the benefits of oxaloacetate and its mechanisms may open new avenues for anti-aging therapeutics and cognitive enhancement strategies. (igelsparks.com)
  • In a recent study conducted on mice subjected to traumatic brain injury (TBI), it was found that administration of oxaloacetate significantly improved spatial learning and memory retention. (igelsparks.com)
  • Below is a brief synopsis of potential therapeutic applications associated with oxaloacetate followed by a summarization of the research. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Administration of oxaloacetate and pyruvate was not shown to have any adverse effects. (asahq.org)
  • There are many documented benefits associated with administration of oxaloacetate, and many other preclinical [speculative] benefits based on rodent studies. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
  • Studies show that Oxaloacetate enhances memory and learning ability in animals and humans. (igelsparks.com)
  • Studies have shown that oxaloacetate can enhance the function of the hippocampus , which plays a critical role in learning and memory. (igelsparks.com)
  • Does anybody have any news on the Oxaloacetate studies at the Bateman Horne center? (phoenixrising.me)
  • Below is a talk on Oxaloacetate by one of the Scientists involved with the production of the supplements. (reversingpkd.com)
  • Efficient production and secretion of oxaloacetate from Halomonas sp. (altmetric.com)
  • As the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline continues to rise, utilising oxaloacetate as a natural alternative medication for cognitive difficulties seems very promising. (igelsparks.com)
  • Pyruvate cannot produce oxaloacetate and is shunted to alternative pathways that produce lactic acid and alanine. (medscape.com)
  • Learn about the potential benefits of oxaloacetate and its impact on brain health for optimal cognitive function and longevity. (igelsparks.com)
  • Oxaloacetate , known for its brain-boosting effects, has been found to improve cognitive function. (igelsparks.com)
  • Additionally, oxaloacetate has been found to increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which is important for cognitive function. (igelsparks.com)
  • Overall, while much remains to be discovered about the use of oxaloacetate in improving memory function, its potential benefits are promising. (igelsparks.com)
  • Before our researchers came up with this patented method, oxaloacetate was nearly impossible to even study, as it would degrade in the lab in mere hours. (benagene.com)
  • In human beings, there is no known pathway for the conversion of oxaloacetate to oxalate. (benagene.com)
  • To enhance your brain health, explore the brain-boosting effects of oxaloacetate. (igelsparks.com)
  • Using benaGene to fuel your cells with ample oxaloacetate helps them create more energy, supporting your brain and body with the power to do more of what you love. (benagene.com)
  • Decarboxylating the beta-keto acid of oxaloacetate affords the necessary free energy to pump sodium ions across the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oxaloacetate may not be a superhero, but it sure does a great job of protecting our brains from evil free radicals. (igelsparks.com)
  • Would still be a shame if the trial can't be done due to a lack of participants, especially given the costs of Oxaloacetate. (phoenixrising.me)