Oxaloacetates
Carboxy-Lyases
Methylmalonyl-CoA Decarboxylase
Veillonella
Oxaloacetic Acid
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Encyclopedias as Topic
Aspartate Aminotransferases
Health Status
Extracellular oxidoreduction potential modifies carbon and electron flow in Escherichia coli. (1/239)
Wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 ferments glucose to a mixture of ethanol and acetic, lactic, formic, and succinic acids. In anoxic chemostat culture at four dilution rates and two different oxidoreduction potentials (ORP), this strain generated a spectrum of products which depended on ORP. Whatever the dilution rate tested, in low reducing conditions (-100 mV), the production of formate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate was in molar proportions of approximately 2.5:1:1:0.3, and in high reducing conditions (-320 mV), the production was in molar proportions of 2:0.6:1:2. The modification of metabolic fluxes was due to an ORP effect on the synthesis or stability of some fermentation enzymes; thus, in high reducing conditions, lactate dehydrogenase-specific activity increased by a factor of 3 to 6. Those modifications were concomitant with a threefold decrease in acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) needed for biomass synthesis and a 0.5- to 5-fold decrease in formate flux. Calculations of carbon and cofactor balances have shown that fermentation was balanced and that extracellular ORP did not modify the oxidoreduction state of cofactors. From this, it was concluded that extracellular ORP could regulate both some specific enzyme activities and the acetyl-CoA needed for biomass synthesis, which modifies metabolic fluxes and ATP yield, leading to variation in biomass synthesis. (+info)Macrophomate synthase: characterization, sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli of the novel enzyme catalyzing unusual multistep transformation of 2-pyrones to benzoates. (2/239)
Macrophoma commelinae isolated from spots on leaves of Commelina communis has the ability to transform 5-acetyl-4-methoxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone (1) to 4-acetyl-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzoic acid (macrophomic acid, 2). This biotransformation includes the condensation of the 2-pyrone ring with a C3-unit precursor to form a substituted benzoic acid. We optimized conditions for induction of enzyme activity in M. commelinae, identified oxalacetate as a C3-unit precursor with cell extract, and purified the novel enzyme, macrophomate synthase. Oxalacetate inhibited the enzyme activity at a concentration higher than 5 mM, and magnesium chloride stimulated the enzyme activity. Kinetic analyses gave K(m) of 1.7 mM for 1 at 5 mM oxalacetate, K(m) of 1.2 mM for oxalacetate at 5 mM 1, and k(cat) of 0.46 s(-1) per subunit. Pyruvate was a weak substrate, with K(m) of 35.2 mM and k(cat) of 0.027 s(-1) at 5 mM 1. We cloned and sequenced a cDNA encoding the macrophomate synthase. The cDNA of 1,225 bp contained an open reading frame that encoded a polypeptide of 339 amino acid residues and 36,244 Da, the sequence of which showed no significant similarity with known proteins in a homology search with BLAST programs. Transformed E. coli cells carrying the cDNA encoding the mature protein of macrophomate synthase overproduced macrophomate synthase under the control of the T7 phage promoter induced by IPTG. The purified enzyme showed the same values of K(m) and optimum pH as the native macrophomate synthase. (+info)A family of highly conserved glycosomal 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases from Phytomonas sp. (3/239)
Phytomonas sp. contains two malate dehydrogenase isoforms, a mitochondrial isoenzyme with a high specificity for oxaloacetate and a glycosomal isozyme that acts on a broad range of substrates (Uttaro, A. D., and Opperdoes, F.R. (1997) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 89, 51-59). Here, we show that the low specificity of the latter isoenzyme is the result of a number of recent gene duplications that gave rise to a family of glycosomal 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase genes. Two of these genes were cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Although both gene products have 322 amino acids, share 90.4% identical residues, and have a similar hydrophobicity profile and net charge, their kinetic properties were strikingly different. One isoform behaved as a real malate dehydrogenase with a high specificity for oxaloacetate, whereas the other showed no activity with oxaloacetate but was able to reduce other oxoacids, such as phenyl pyruvate, 2-oxoisocaproate, 2-oxovalerate, 2-oxobutyrate, 2-oxo-4-methiolbutyrate, and pyruvate. (+info)From malate dehydrogenase to phenyllactate dehydrogenase. Incorporation of unnatural amino acids to generate an improved enzyme-catalyzed activity. (4/239)
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Escherichia coli is highly specific for its keto acid substrate. The placement of the active site-binding groups in MDH effectively discriminates against both the shorter and the longer keto dicarboxylic acids that could potentially serve as alternative substrates. A notable exception to this specificity is the alternative substrate phenylpyruvate. This aromatic keto acid can be reduced by MDH, albeit at a somewhat slower rate and with greatly diminished affinity, despite the presence of several substrate-binding arginyl residues and the absence of a hydrophobic pocket in the active site. The specificity of MDH for phenylpyruvate has now been enhanced, and that for the physiological substrate oxaloacetate has been diminished, through the replacement of one of the binding arginyl residues with several unnatural alkyl and aryl amino acid analogs. This approach, called site-specific modulation, incorporates systematic structural variations at a site of interest. Molecular modeling studies have suggested a structural basis for the affinity of native MDH for phenylpyruvate and a rationale for the improved catalytic activity that is observed with these new, modified phenyllactate dehydrogenases. (+info)Reversible inactivation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli ML308 during growth on acetate. (5/239)
During aerobic growth of Escherichia coli ML308 on acetate as sole carbon source, the apparent synthesis of isocitrate dehydrogenase was repressed relative to cultures on other carbon sources, such as glucose, which do not employ the glyoxylate bypass as an anaplerotic sequence. When cells were removed from an acetate medium, or when compounds were added which made the operation of the glyoxylate bypass unnecessary, the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase rapidly increased 3- to 4-fold but fell again on restoration to an acetate medium. Changes in activity were rapid and, furthermore, could be demonstrated in the absence of protein synthesis. It is thus improbable that the mechanism involved degradation or de novo synthesis of the enzyme protein. Oxaloacetate and glyoxylate showed concerted inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase which could be relieved by dialysis. Because extracts of low enzyme activity, derived from acetate-metabolizing cells, could not be stimulated by dialysis or by addition of a wide range of metabolites, it is unlikely that low molecular weight, freely dissociable effectors were responsible for stimulation or inhibition of activity. Control of isocitrate dehydrogenase permitted the efficient utilization of acetate as sole source of carbon and energy but perserved the capacity of the cell to respond rapidly to an improvement in nutritional conditions. A limited survey showed that the mechanism is common but not universal among strains of E. coli and occurs in at least one strain each of Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens. (+info)In vivo quantification of parallel and bidirectional fluxes in the anaplerosis of Corynebacterium glutamicum. (6/239)
The C(3)-C(4) metabolite interconversion at the anaplerotic node in many microorganisms involves a complex set of reactions. C(3) carboxylation to oxaloacetate can originate from phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate, and at the same time multiple C(4)-decarboxylating enzymes may be present. The functions of such parallel reactions are not yet fully understood. Using a (13)C NMR-based strategy, we here quantify the individual fluxes at the anaplerotic node of Corynebacterium glutamicum, which is an example of a bacterium possessing multiple carboxylation and decarboxylation reactions. C. glutamicum was grown with a (13)C-labeled glucose isotopomer mixture as the main carbon source and (13)C-labeled lactate as a cosubstrate. 58 isotopomers as well as 15 positional labels of biomass compounds were quantified. Applying a generally applicable mathematical model to include metabolite mass and carbon labeling balances, it is shown that pyruvate carboxylase contributed 91 +/- 7% to C(3) carboxylation. The total in vivo carboxylation rate of 1.28 +/- 0.14 mmol/g dry weight/h exceeds the demand of carboxylated metabolites for biosyntheses 3-fold. Excess oxaloacetate was recycled to phosphoenolpyruvate by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. This shows that the reactions at the anaplerotic node might serve additional purposes other than only providing C(4) metabolites for biosynthesis. (+info)Self-organizing biochemical cycles. (7/239)
I examine the plausibility of theories that postulate the development of complex chemical organization without requiring the replication of genetic polymers such as RNA. One conclusion is that theories that involve the organization of complex, small-molecule metabolic cycles such as the reductive citric acid cycle on mineral surfaces make unreasonable assumptions about the catalytic properties of minerals and the ability of minerals to organize sequences of disparate reactions. Another conclusion is that data in the Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry that have been claimed to support the hypothesis that the reductive citric acid cycle originated as a self-organized cycle can more plausibly be interpreted in a different way. (+info)Different patterns of energy metabolism in the rat and mouse zygate. (8/239)
The development of rat zygotes in vitro to the two-cell stage occurred if lactate, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate or oxaloacetate were present in the media. When rat and mouse zygotes were cultured in the same droplet of medium containing lactate or PEP, mouse zygotes did not develop to the two-cell stage but the rat zygotes cleaved. (+info)Oxaloacetates are organic compounds that are integral to the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, in biological energy production. Specifically, oxaloacetate is an important intermediate compound within this metabolic pathway, found in the mitochondria of cells.
In the context of a medical definition, oxaloacetates are not typically referred to directly. Instead, the term "oxaloacetic acid" might be used, which is the conjugate acid of the oxaloacetate ion. Oxaloacetic acid has the chemical formula C4H4O5 and appears in various biochemical reactions as a crucial component of cellular respiration.
The Krebs cycle involves several stages where oxaloacetic acid plays a significant role:
1. In the first step, oxaloacetic acid combines with an acetyl group (derived from acetyl-CoA) to form citric acid, releasing coenzyme A in the process. This reaction is catalyzed by citrate synthase.
2. Throughout subsequent steps of the cycle, citric acid undergoes a series of reactions that generate energy in the form of NADH and FADH2 (reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, respectively), as well as GTP (guanosine triphosphate).
3. At the end of the cycle, oxaloacetic acid is regenerated to continue the process anew. This allows for continuous energy production within cells.
In summary, while "oxaloacetates" isn't a standard term in medical definitions, it does refer to an essential component (oxaloacetic acid) of the Krebs cycle that plays a critical role in cellular respiration and energy production.
Carboxy-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of a carboxyl group from a substrate, often releasing carbon dioxide in the process. These enzymes play important roles in various metabolic pathways, such as the biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids, sugars, and other organic compounds.
Carboxy-lyases are classified under EC number 4.2 in the Enzyme Commission (EC) system. They can be further divided into several subclasses based on their specific mechanisms and substrates. For example, some carboxy-lyases require a cofactor such as biotin or thiamine pyrophosphate to facilitate the decarboxylation reaction, while others do not.
Examples of carboxy-lyases include:
1. Pyruvate decarboxylase: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during fermentation in yeast and other organisms.
2. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO): This enzyme is essential for photosynthesis in plants and some bacteria, as it catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide into an organic molecule during the Calvin cycle.
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Found in plants, algae, and some bacteria, this enzyme plays a role in anaplerotic reactions that replenish intermediates in the citric acid cycle. It catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate and inorganic phosphate.
4. Aspartate transcarbamylase: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines, a class of nucleotides. It catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group from carbamoyl aspartate to carbamoyl phosphate, forming cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and fumarate.
5. Urocanase: Found in animals, this enzyme is involved in histidine catabolism. It catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to formiminoglutamate and ammonia.
Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase is a mitochondrial enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of certain amino acids and fatty acids. Specifically, it catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA through the decarboxylation of the thioester bond.
The reaction is as follows:
Methylmalonyl-CoA → Propionyl-CoA + CO2
This enzyme requires biotin as a cofactor, and its activity is reduced in individuals with methylmalonic acidemia, a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the MMAB or MCEE genes that encode subunits of the methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme complex.
Deficiency of this enzyme leads to an accumulation of methylmalonic acid and methylmalonyl-CoA, which can cause metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, and other symptoms associated with the disorder.
Veillonella is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, coccoid or rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the human mouth, intestines, and female genital tract. They are known to be obligate parasites, meaning they rely on other organisms for nutrients and energy. Veillonella species are often associated with dental caries and have been implicated in various infections such as bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, and wound infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with underlying medical conditions. Proper identification of Veillonella species is important for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections.
Oxaloacetic acid is a chemical compound that plays a significant role in the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle. It is a key metabolic intermediate in both glucose and fatty acid catabolism. Oxaloacetic acid is a four-carbon carboxylic acid that has two carboxyl groups and one ketone group.
In the Krebs cycle, oxaloacetic acid reacts with acetyl-CoA (an activated form of acetic acid) to form citric acid, releasing CoA and initiating the cycle. Throughout the cycle, oxaloacetic acid is continuously regenerated from malate, another intermediate in the cycle.
Additionally, oxaloacetic acid plays a role in amino acid metabolism as it can accept an amino group (NH3) to form aspartic acid, which is an essential component of several biochemical processes, including protein synthesis and the urea cycle.
"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is a medical term that refers to a type of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It's a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.
"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. It's a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and wound infections.
The bacterium is known for its ability to produce a polysaccharide capsule that makes it resistant to phagocytosis by white blood cells, allowing it to evade the host's immune system. Additionally, "Klebsiella pneumoniae" has developed resistance to many antibiotics, making infections caused by this bacterium difficult to treat and a growing public health concern.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. It involves the emotional, psychological, and social aspects of an individual's health. Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness, it also includes positive characteristics such as resilience, happiness, and having a sense of purpose in life.
It is important to note that mental health can change over time, and it is possible for an individual to experience periods of good mental health as well as periods of poor mental health. Factors such as genetics, trauma, stress, and physical illness can all contribute to the development of mental health problems. Additionally, cultural and societal factors, such as discrimination and poverty, can also impact an individual's mental health.
Mental Health professionals like psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and other mental health counselors use different tools and techniques to evaluate, diagnose and treat mental health conditions. These include therapy or counseling, medication, and self-help strategies.
Aspartate aminotransferases (ASTs) are a group of enzymes found in various tissues throughout the body, including the heart, liver, and muscles. They play a crucial role in the metabolic process of transferring amino groups between different molecules.
In medical terms, AST is often used as a blood test to measure the level of this enzyme in the serum. Elevated levels of AST can indicate damage or injury to tissues that contain this enzyme, such as the liver or heart. For example, liver disease, including hepatitis and cirrhosis, can cause elevated AST levels due to damage to liver cells. Similarly, heart attacks can also result in increased AST levels due to damage to heart muscle tissue.
It is important to note that an AST test alone cannot diagnose a specific medical condition, but it can provide valuable information when used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation.
Mental health services refer to the various professional health services designed to treat and support individuals with mental health conditions. These services are typically provided by trained and licensed mental health professionals, such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, mental health counselors, and marriage and family therapists. The services may include:
1. Assessment and diagnosis of mental health disorders
2. Psychotherapy or "talk therapy" to help individuals understand and manage their symptoms
3. Medication management for mental health conditions
4. Case management and care coordination to connect individuals with community resources and support
5. Psychoeducation to help individuals and families better understand mental health conditions and how to manage them
6. Crisis intervention and stabilization services
7. Inpatient and residential treatment for severe or chronic mental illness
8. Prevention and early intervention services to identify and address mental health concerns before they become more serious
9. Rehabilitation and recovery services to help individuals with mental illness achieve their full potential and live fulfilling lives in the community.
Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a low boiling point and easily evaporate at room temperature. They can be liquids or solids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and formaldehyde, which are found in many household products, including paints, paint strippers, and other solvents; cleaning supplies; pesticides; building materials and furnishings; office equipment such as copiers and printers, correction fluids and carbonless copy paper; and glues and adhesives.
VOCs can cause both short- and long-term health effects. Short-term exposure to high levels of VOCs can cause headaches, dizziness, visual disturbances, and memory problems. Long-term exposure can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. Some VOCs are also suspected or known carcinogens.
It is important to properly use, store, and dispose of products that contain VOCs to minimize exposure. Increasing ventilation by opening windows and doors or using fans can also help reduce exposure to VOCs.
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase
Oxaloacetate tautomerase
Glycine-oxaloacetate transaminase
Pyridoxamine-oxaloacetate transaminase
Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+)
Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria
Lester O. Krampitz
Pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvic acid
Sodium-transporting carboxylic acid decarboxylase
Pyruvate cycling
Gluconeogenesis
GOT2
Citric acid
Glyceroneogenesis
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Oxaloacetase
Caloric restriction mimetic
Fumarase
Protein catabolism
4-methyloxaloacetate esterase
Malate dehydrogenase
Malate dehydrogenase 2
Asparagine
Fluorocitric acid
Fatty acid
Citrate-malate shuttle
Citryl-CoA lyase
Tether (cell biology)
Oxaloacetate decarboxylase - Wikipedia
RCSB PDB - 3LYE: Crystal structure of oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase
SCOP 1.55: Superfamily c.91.1: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP-oxaloacetate carboxy-liase)
Browse Yarrowia lipolytica CLIB122 ORF cDNA clones by KEGG database, Gluconeogenesis, oxaloacetate =>...
Oxaloacetate assay kits | BioAssay Systems
Information for "Oxaloacetate" - Bioblast
Jubilance PMS Support | Oxaloacetate (OAA) PMS Supplement
EnzyChrom Oxaloacetate Assay Kit | Technique alternative | 01014297310 - Quantichrom
MBS9306302 | Rabbit Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1, GOT1 ELISA
10 - Oxaloacetate for Autophagy and AMPK Activation - Reversing PKD
FAQs - How is Oxaloacetate Acid Different from Oxalate | benaGene
'Oxaloacetate: The Compound with Potential Brain-Boosting and Anti-Aging...
Effect of Glutamate and Blood Glutamate Scavengers Oxaloacetate and Pyruvate on Neurological Outcome and Pathohistology of the...
Oxaloacetate study at Bateman Horne center | Phoenix Rising ME/CFS Forums
5 Oxaloacetate Benefits: How Supplementation Protects Your Brain & General Health - Mental Health Daily
Structural basis for the bi-functionality of human oxaloacetate decarboxylase FAHD1<...
Altmetric - Efficient production and secretion of oxaloacetate from Halomonas sp. KM-1 under aerobic conditions
Targeting Metabolism to Induce Cell Death in Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
RCSB PDB - 1L0V: Quinol-Fumarate Reductase with Menaquinol Molecules
MetVital, Inc. Announces FDA Fast Track Designation of Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate (AEO) for the Treatment of Patients with...
Frontiers | How Energy Metabolism Supports Cerebral Function: Insights from 13C Magnetic Resonance Studies In vivo
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enables anaplerotic refilling of TCA cycle intermediates in stroke-affected brain. | FASEB...
KEGG GENOME: Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii ECR091
Malic Acid | C4H6O5 | ChemSpider
Preparation and kinetic characterization of a fusion protein of yeast mitochondrial citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase |...
Patients With Rheumatism Have Premature Immune System Aging
Citric acid cycle - Citizendium
Kreb's Cycle Process and Information - Bright Hub
Decarboxylase9
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is a carboxy-lyase involved in the conversion of oxaloacetate into pyruvate. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity in a given organism may be due to activity of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxykinase or the activity of "real" oxaloacetate decarboxylases. (wikipedia.org)
- An oxaloacetate decarboxylase from the family of divalent cation dependent decarboxylases was isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum in 1995 by Jetten et al. (wikipedia.org)
- A oxaloacetate decarboxylase found in mitochondria and soluble cytoplasm was isolated and purified from rat liver cells in 1974 by Wojtcak et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Membrane bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase was the first enzyme of the Na+ transport decarboxylase family demonstrated to act as primary Na+ pump. (wikipedia.org)
- Within the alpha subunit is the carboxyl transferase (CT) domain, oxaloacetate decarboxylase gamma association domain, and biotin carboxyl carrier domain. (wikipedia.org)
- As a well-studied example, human FAH domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) is a mitochondrial protein displaying both acylpyruvate hydrolase (ApH) and oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODx) activity. (edu.sa)
- 2011). Quaternary structure of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase membrane complex and mechanistic relationships to pyruvate carboxylases. (tcdb.org)
- 7524) oxaloacetate decarboxylase alpha subunit CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0006 complement(7556. (go.jp)
Glutamate9
- Blood glutamate concentrations were decreased in the oxaloacetate and pyruvate treatment groups. (asahq.org)
- The authors demonstrate that the blood glutamate scavengers oxaloacetate and pyruvate provide neuroprotection after traumatic brain injury, expressed both by reduced neuronal loss in the hippocampus and improved neurologic outcomes. (asahq.org)
- Oxaloacetate acts as a neuroprotective agent, primarily as a result of its ability to scavenge glutamate within the blood. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
- In animal models of paraoxon intoxication, the combination of oxaloacetic acid (OAA) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were tested for efficacy of preventing brain damage. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
- Upon simultaneous administration of oxaloacetic acid and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, levels of blood glutamate rapidly plummet. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
- Specifically, researchers documented that blood-glutamate scavengers (oxaloacetic acid and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase) provided neuroprotection against the paraoxon. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
- SAN DIEGO, July 1, 2020 - MetVital, Inc., a privately held biopharmaceutical company developing small molecule modulators of altered glutamate metabolism for the treatment of diseases with significant unmet medical need and commercial potential, today announces that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified MetVital that its lead drug candidate, "Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate" (AEO) received Fast Track Designation for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). (metvital.com)
- Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enables anaplerotic refilling of TCA cycle intermediates in stroke-affected brain. (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we test the hypothesis that otherwise neurotoxic glutamate can be productively metabolized by glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) to maintain cellular energetics and protect the brain from ischemic stroke injury . (bvsalud.org)
Citrate3
- Acetyl-CoA reacts with the four carbon carboxylic acid, oxaloacetate--to form the six carbon carboxylic acid, citrate. (citizendium.org)
- Through a series of reactions citrate is converted back to oxaloacetate. (citizendium.org)
- Oxaloacetate is 1 of 2 essential substrates needed to produce citrate, the first substrate in gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis1
- The lack of oxaloacetate limits gluconeogenesis and urea cycle function. (medscape.com)
Oxaloacetic acid1
- Oxaloacetate (or Oxaloacetic Acid) is an organic compound that is involved in many neurophysiological processes within your body. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Thermally stabilized oxaloacetate1
- The active ingredient in benaGene is thermally stabilized oxaloacetate. (benagene.com)
Acetyl3
- The first step involves a two-carbon acetyl group being transferred by coenzyme A to a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate. (brighthub.com)
- Each turn of the Krebs cycle therefore begins when one of the two acetyl-CoA molecules derived from the original 6-carbon glucose molecule yields its acetyl group to the 4-carbon compound oxaloacetate to form the 6-carbon tricarboxylic acid (citrate) molecule. (encyclopedia.com)
- Here, oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl coenzyme A, creating citric acid -- the name of the cycle. (livestrong.com)
Pyruvate to oxaloacetate2
- PC catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate with biotin as a cofactor. (medscape.com)
- Most PC gene mutations change a single protein building block (amino acid) in pyruvate carboxylase, which reduces the amount of this enzyme in cells or disrupts its ability to effectively convert pyruvate to oxaloacetate. (medlineplus.gov)
Suggest that oxaloacetate2
- While more research is needed in this area, early studies suggest that oxaloacetate may hold promise as a therapeutic agent. (igelsparks.com)
- There is compelling evidence to suggest that oxaloacetate may act as a neuroprotective agent within the brain. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Oxidation1
- MDH_HALMA ] Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. (proteopedia.org)
Molecule3
- Oxaloacetate can also stimulate the production of NAD+ , an essential molecule for healthy cellular function. (igelsparks.com)
- Anhydrous Enol-Oxaloacetate is a molecule that has demonstrated safety and efficacy in animal models with human glioblastoma tissue implants, in animal models of ALS, and in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. (metvital.com)
- Pyruvate carboxylase is responsible for a chemical reaction that converts a molecule called pyruvate to another molecule called oxaloacetate. (medlineplus.gov)
Assay Kit1
- The EnzyChrom Oxaloacetate Assay Kit is designed for Research Use Only (RUO). (quantichrom.com)
Malate2
- For example, oxaloacetate is considered an intermediate in the Kreb's cycle prior to following NAD+ conversion from L-malate and before Pyruvate formation. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
- Finally, oxaloacetate is formed when the malate is oxidized. (brighthub.com)
Compound4
- Oxaloacetate is a naturally-occurring compound needed by every human cell to produce energy in the Krebs cycle. (benagene.com)
- Oxaloacetate is a crucial metabolic compound essential to the Krebs cycle and energy production. (benagene.com)
- Oxaloacetate is a compound that has shown potential in boosting brain function and slowing down the aging process. (igelsparks.com)
- Oxaloacetate is a compound with brain-boosting effects that could potentially improve memory retention. (igelsparks.com)
Mitochondrial1
- In addition, it appears as though oxaloacetate expedites recovery from brain injuries and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis (growth of new mitochondria). (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Alpha subunit2
- the reaction is initiated by the enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of oxaloacetate in the carboxyltransferase domain of the alpha subunit, yielding pyruvate and carboxybiotin. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, the gamma subunit significantly accelerates the rate of oxaloacetate decarboxylation in the alpha subunit, and this correlates with the coordination of a Zn2+ metal ion by several residues at the hydrophilic C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidative1
- By reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, oxaloacetate can improve the plasticity of the hippocampus, leading to better memory consolidation. (igelsparks.com)
Decarboxylation3
- The latter enzymes catalyze the irreversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate and can be classified into (i) the divalent cation-dependent oxaloacetate decarboxylases and (ii) the membrane-bound sodium-dependent and biotin-containing oxaloacetate decarboxylases from enterobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme selectively catalyzed the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to pyruvate and CO2 with a Km of 2.1mM, Vmax of 158 umol, and kcat of 311 s^-1. (wikipedia.org)
- Distinct enzymes catalyze decarboxylation of (1) oxaloacetate, (2) methylmalonyl-CoA, (3) glutaconyl-CoA and (4) malonate. (tcdb.org)
Decarboxylases2
- The oxaloacetate decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.3), methylmalonyl CoA decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.4) and malonate decarboxylases are homologous. (tcdb.org)
- The α-subunits of the oxaloacetate and methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylases are homologous to many biotin-containing enzymes including (1) pyruvate carboxylases, (2) homocitrate synthases, (3) biotin carboxyl carrier proteins, (4) isopropylmalate synthases and (5) acyl-CoA carboxylase. (tcdb.org)
Krebs1
- Oxaloacetate is regenerated and the formation of two carbon dioxide molecules occurs during each Krebs cycle. (brighthub.com)
Glucose2
- Proper levels of oxaloacetate are crucial for healthy metabolism, glucose system support, and overall cellular function. (benagene.com)
- Interestingly, oxaloacetate is also involved in glucose metabolism, which suggests its potential role in regulating blood sugar levels. (igelsparks.com)
Neuronal1
- The most prominent benefits derived from oxaloacetate administration are related to its ability to preserve neuronal health and inhibit damage as a result of glutamatergic excitotoxicity. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Neurons1
- Who needs coffee when you have oxaloacetate to boost your brain power and leave your neurons feeling like they just won the lottery? (igelsparks.com)
Alzheimer's2
- The utilization of oxaloacetate as a dietary supplement may benefit people with age-related cognitive decline or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. (igelsparks.com)
- Interestingly, some researchers have investigated the potential of oxaloacetate as a treatment for age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. (igelsparks.com)
Supplement2
- Now oxaloacetate can be provided as a stable nutritional supplement that has a two year shelf life. (benagene.com)
- As a result of its neurobiological mechanisms, oxaloacetate may be a neutraceutical supplement to consider for optimization and preservation of long-term brain health. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Reversible1
- The oxaloacetate decaboxylase pump is also reversible: at high concentrations of extracellular Na+, the pump will couple downhill movement of Na+ into the cytosol with the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanisms1
- Understanding the benefits of oxaloacetate and its mechanisms may open new avenues for anti-aging therapeutics and cognitive enhancement strategies. (igelsparks.com)
Significantly1
- In a recent study conducted on mice subjected to traumatic brain injury (TBI), it was found that administration of oxaloacetate significantly improved spatial learning and memory retention. (igelsparks.com)
Therapeutic1
- Below is a brief synopsis of potential therapeutic applications associated with oxaloacetate followed by a summarization of the research. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Administration2
- Administration of oxaloacetate and pyruvate was not shown to have any adverse effects. (asahq.org)
- There are many documented benefits associated with administration of oxaloacetate, and many other preclinical [speculative] benefits based on rodent studies. (mentalhealthdaily.com)
Studies3
- Studies show that Oxaloacetate enhances memory and learning ability in animals and humans. (igelsparks.com)
- Studies have shown that oxaloacetate can enhance the function of the hippocampus , which plays a critical role in learning and memory. (igelsparks.com)
- Does anybody have any news on the Oxaloacetate studies at the Bateman Horne center? (phoenixrising.me)
Production2
- Below is a talk on Oxaloacetate by one of the Scientists involved with the production of the supplements. (reversingpkd.com)
- Efficient production and secretion of oxaloacetate from Halomonas sp. (altmetric.com)
Alternative2
- As the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline continues to rise, utilising oxaloacetate as a natural alternative medication for cognitive difficulties seems very promising. (igelsparks.com)
- Pyruvate cannot produce oxaloacetate and is shunted to alternative pathways that produce lactic acid and alanine. (medscape.com)
Function4
- Learn about the potential benefits of oxaloacetate and its impact on brain health for optimal cognitive function and longevity. (igelsparks.com)
- Oxaloacetate , known for its brain-boosting effects, has been found to improve cognitive function. (igelsparks.com)
- Additionally, oxaloacetate has been found to increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which is important for cognitive function. (igelsparks.com)
- Overall, while much remains to be discovered about the use of oxaloacetate in improving memory function, its potential benefits are promising. (igelsparks.com)
Researchers1
- Before our researchers came up with this patented method, oxaloacetate was nearly impossible to even study, as it would degrade in the lab in mere hours. (benagene.com)
Conversion1
- In human beings, there is no known pathway for the conversion of oxaloacetate to oxalate. (benagene.com)
Brain health1
- To enhance your brain health, explore the brain-boosting effects of oxaloacetate. (igelsparks.com)
Cells1
- Using benaGene to fuel your cells with ample oxaloacetate helps them create more energy, supporting your brain and body with the power to do more of what you love. (benagene.com)
Product1
- Oxaloacetate is the product of what? (studystack.com)
Free2
- Decarboxylating the beta-keto acid of oxaloacetate affords the necessary free energy to pump sodium ions across the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
- Oxaloacetate may not be a superhero, but it sure does a great job of protecting our brains from evil free radicals. (igelsparks.com)
Lack1
- Would still be a shame if the trial can't be done due to a lack of participants, especially given the costs of Oxaloacetate. (phoenixrising.me)