Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.
Syndromes of bone destruction where the cause is not obvious such as neoplasia, infection, or trauma. The destruction follows various patterns: massive (Gorham disease), multicentric (HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME), or carpal/tarsal.
A vinyl polymer made from ethylene. It can be branched or linear. Branched or low-density polyethylene is tough and pliable but not to the same degree as linear polyethylene. Linear or high-density polyethylene has a greater hardness and tensile strength. Polyethylene is used in a variety of products, including implants and prostheses.
Malfunction of implantation shunts, valves, etc., and prosthesis loosening, migration, and breaking.
Replacement for a hip joint.
Synthetic thermoplastics that are tough, flexible, inert, and resistant to chemicals and electrical current. They are often used as biocompatible materials for prostheses and implants.
Replacement of the hip joint.
The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.
A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.
Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.
Rare, autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by ACRO-OSTEOLYSIS, generalized OSTEOPOROSIS, and skull deformations.
The part of the pelvis that comprises the pelvic socket where the head of FEMUR joins to form HIP JOINT (acetabulofemoral joint).
An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.
A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.
The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.
A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation.
A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibers, inks, and films (From International Labor Organization, 1983). This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses.
The joining of objects by means of a cement (e.g., in fracture fixation, such as in hip arthroplasty for joining of the acetabular component to the femoral component). In dentistry, it is used for the process of attaching parts of a tooth or restorative material to a natural tooth or for the attaching of orthodontic bands to teeth by means of an adhesive.
Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.
Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
Partial or total replacement of a joint.
Replacement for a knee joint.
A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.
The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)
Inflammation of the bone.
X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.
The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.
The prevention of access by infecting organisms to the locus of potential infection.
Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.
The hemispheric articular surface at the upper extremity of the thigh bone. (Stedman, 26th ed)
A tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that is specific for RANK LIGAND and plays a role in bone homeostasis by regulating osteoclastogenesis. It is also expressed on DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in regulating dendritic cell survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
General or unspecified injuries involving the hip.
Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.
The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.
The growth action of bone tissue as it assimilates surgically implanted devices or prostheses to be used as either replacement parts (e.g., hip) or as anchors (e.g., endosseous dental implants).
The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.
Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.
A condition with multiple tumor-like lesions caused either by congenital or developmental malformations of BLOOD VESSELS, or reactive vascular proliferations, such as in bacillary angiomatosis. Angiomatosis is considered non-neoplastic.
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
Aseptic or avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The major types are idiopathic (primary), as a complication of fractures or dislocations, and LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES DISEASE.
Histiocytic, inflammatory response to a foreign body. It consists of modified macrophages with multinucleated giant cells, in this case foreign-body giant cells (GIANT CELLS, FOREIGN-BODY), usually surrounded by lymphocytes.
Tantalum. A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.
A cysteine protease that is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS and plays an essential role in BONE RESORPTION as a potent EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX-degrading enzyme.
The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.
The eight bones of the wrist: SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; TRIQUETRUM BONE; PISIFORM BONE; TRAPEZIUM BONE; TRAPEZOID BONE; CAPITATE BONE; and HAMATE BONE.
A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.
Replacement of the knee joint.
A bone on the ventral side of the shoulder girdle, which in humans is commonly called the collar bone.
Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.
The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Predicting bone loss following orthotopic liver transplantation. (1/642)

BACKGROUND: Hepatic osteodystrophy occurs in the majority of patients with advanced chronic liver disease with the abnormalities in bone metabolism accelerating following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). AIMS: To examine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) following OLT and to investigate factors that lead to bone loss. METHODS: Twelve patients had BMD (at both the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN)) and biochemical markers measured preoperatively and for 24 months following OLT. RESULTS: BMD was low in 75% of patients prior to OLT and decreased significantly from baseline at the LS at three months and the FN at six months. BMD began to increase thereafter at both sites, approaching baseline values at the LS by 12 months. Bone formation markers, osteocalcin and procollagen type I carboxy propeptide, decreased immediately post-OLT, with a concomitant increase seen in the resorption markers pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. This resulted in a negative uncoupling index early post-OLT, that rebounded to positive values after six months. There was a significant correlation between the change in the uncoupling index between six and three months which preceded the increase in BMD at 12 months. The decrease in BMD recorded early post-OLT correlated with vitamin D levels at three months. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that increased resorption and inadequate formation are the major contributors to additional bone loss following OLT. Non-invasive biochemical markers precede later changes in BMD in this patient group following OLT and may have a role in investigating and planning intervention strategies to prevent bone loss in future studies.  (+info)

Analysis of 118 second-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants. (2/642)

Osteolysis is due to particulate wear debris and is responsible for the long-term failure of total hip replacements. It has stimulated the development of alternative joint surfaces such as metal-on-metal or ceramic-on-ceramic implants. Since 1988 the second-generation metal-on-metal implant Metasul has been used in over 60 000 hips. Analysis of 118 retrieved specimens of the head or cup showed rates of wear of approximately 25 microm for the whole articulation per year in the first year, decreasing to about 5 microm per year after the third. Metal surfaces have a 'self-polishing' capacity. Scratches are worn out by further joint movement. Volumetric wear was decreased some 60-fold compared with that of metal-on-polyethylene implants, suggesting that second-generation metal-on-metal prostheses may considerably reduce osteolysis.  (+info)

Induction of macrophage C-C chemokine expression by titanium alloy and bone cement particles. (3/642)

Particulate wear debris is associated with periprosthetic inflammation and loosening in total joint arthroplasty. We tested the effects of titanium alloy (Ti-alloy) and PMMA particles on monocyte/macrophage expression of the C-C chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha), and regulated upon activation normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES). Periprosthetic granulomatous tissue was analysed for expression of macrophage chemokines by immunohistochemistry. Chemokine expression in human monocytes/macrophages exposed to Ti-alloy and PMMA particles in vitro was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA and monocyte migration. We observed MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha expression in all tissue samples from failed arthroplasties. Ti-alloy and PMMA particles increased expression of MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha in macrophages in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas RANTES was not detected. mRNA signal levels for MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha were also observed in cells after exposure to particles. Monocyte migration was stimulated by culture medium collected from macrophages exposed to Ti-alloy and PMMA particles. Antibodies to MCP-1 and MIP-1alpha inhibited chemotactic activity of the culture medium samples. Release of C-C chemokines by macrophages in response to wear particles may contribute to chronic inflammation at the bone-implant interface in total joint arthroplasty.  (+info)

Treatment of multiple myeloma. (4/642)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for about 10% of all hematologic malignancies. The standard treatment with intermittent courses of melphalan and prednisone (MP) was introduced more than 30 years ago and, since then there has been little improvement in event-free and overall survival (EFS & OS). The aim of this article is to review: 1) the role of initial chemotherapy (ChT), maintenance treatment with alpha-interferon and salvage ChT, 2) the results of high-dose therapy (HDT) followed by allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT and auto-SCT), and 3) the most important supportive measures. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES: The authors of this review have been actively working and contributing with original investigations on the treatment of MM during the last 15 years. In addition, the most relevant articles and recent abstracts published in journals covered by the Science Citation Index and Medline are also reviewed. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: The importance of avoiding ChT in asymptomatic patients (smoldering MM) is emphasized. The criteria and patterns of response are reviewed. MP is still the standard initial ChT with a response rate of 50-60% and an OS of 2-3 years. Combination ChT usually increases the response rate but does not significantly influence survival when compared with MP. Exposure to melphalan should be avoided in patients in whom HDT followed by auto-SCT is planned, in order to not preclude the stem cell collection. The median response duration to initial ChT is 18 months. Interferon maintenance usually prolongs response duration but in most studies does not significantly influence survival (a large meta-analysis by the Myeloma Trialists' Collaborative Group in Oxford is being finished). In alkylating-resistant patients, the best rescue regimens are VBAD or VAD. In patients already resistant to VBAD or VAD and in those in whom these treatments are not feasible we recommend a conservative approach with alternate day prednisone and pulse cyclophosphamide. While HDT followed by autotransplantation is not recommended for patients with resistant relapse, patients with primary refractory disease seem to benefit from early myeloablative therapy. Although results from large randomized trials are still pending in order to establish whether early HDT intensification followed by auto-SCT is superior to continuing standard ChT in responding patients, the favorable experience with autotransplantation of the French Myeloma Intergroup supports this approach. However, although the complete response rate is higher with intensive therapy, the median duration of response is relatively short (median, 16 to 36 months), with no survival plateau. There are several ongoing trials comparing conventional ChT with HDT/autoSCT in order to identify the patients who are likely to benefit from one or another approach. With allo-SCT there is a transplant-related mortality ranging from 30 to 50% and also a high relapse rate in patients achieving CR. However, 10 to 20% of patients undergoing allo-SCT are long-term survivors (> 5 years) with no evidence of disease and, consequently, probably cured. The use of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in order to speed the engraftment and also the use of partially T-cell depleted PBSC which can decrease the incidence of graft-versus-host disease are promising approaches. In the setting of allo-SCT, donor lymphocyte infusion is an encouraging strategy in order to treat or prevent relapses. Finally, important supportive measures such as the treatment of anemia with erythropoietin, the management of renal failure and the use of bisphosphonates are reviewed.  (+info)

Massive pelvic and femoral pseudotumoral osteolysis secondary to an uncemented total hip arthroplasty. (5/642)

A 51 year-old man developed an extensive osteolytic response to wear debris in an uncemented porous-coated total hip arthroplasty, with metal/polyethylene interface, which had been implanted eighteen years previously. This reaction, which involved the upper femur and the ilium, produced a mass which compressed the pelvic viscera.  (+info)

Improving the detection of acetabular osteolysis using oblique radiographs. (6/642)

Visualisation of periacetabular osteolysis by standard anteroposterior (AP) radiographs underestimates the extent of bone loss around a metal-backed acetabular component. We have assessed the effectiveness of standard radiological views in depicting periacetabular osteolysis, and recommend additional projections which make these lesions more visible. This was accomplished using a computerised simulation of radiological views and a radiological analysis of simulated defects placed at regular intervals around the perimeter of a cadaver acetabulum. The AP view alone showed only 38% of the defects over all of the surface of the cup and failed to depict a 3 mm lesion over 83% of the cup. When combined with the AP view, additional 45 degree obturator-oblique and iliac-oblique projections increased the depiction, showing 81% of the defects. The addition of the 60 degree obturator-oblique view further improved the visualisation of posterior defects, increasing the rate of detection to 94%. Based on this analysis, we recommend using at least three radiographic views when assessing the presence and extent of acetabular osteolysis.  (+info)

Polyethylene wear, osteolysis and acetabular loosening with an HA-coated hip prosthesis. A follow-up of 94 consecutive arthroplasties. (7/642)

We have followed up for a period of seven to nine years 100 consecutive arthroplasties of the hip in which an entirely HA-coated implant had been used. The clinical results were excellent and bony incorporation was extensive in all components. No stem became loose or subsided but five cups were revised because of loosening after 3.8 to 5.5 years, having functioned painlessly and shown radiological ingrowth. Revision procedures because of excessive polyethylene wear have been performed on 18 hips and are planned for six more. Two eroded metal backings with worn-through polyethylene were exchanged; six hips showed metallosis without polyethylene wear-through. There were two cases of granulomatous cysts in the groin and 66 hips had osteolysis located periarticularly, in the greater trochanter or in the acetabulum.  (+info)

Multiple osteolysis of peripheral extremities in a patient with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. (8/642)

A 67-year-old woman with severe pain in the peripheral extremities was admitted to our hospital. Radiography of the peripheral extremities revealed multiple osteolytic lesions. Antibody to human T cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) was positive, and right radial bone biopsy showed infiltration of adult T cell leukemic (ATL) cells. Irradiation therapy was effective in the osteolytic lesions. In the present case, elevation of IL-6 was detected, suggesting that IL-6 produced by ATL cells is related to their proliferation in the bone, and local osteolysis.  (+info)

Osteolysis is a medical term that refers to the loss or resorption of bone tissue. It's a process where the body's normal bone remodeling cycle is disrupted, leading to an imbalance between bone formation and bone breakdown. This results in the progressive deterioration and destruction of bone.

Osteolysis can occur due to various reasons such as chronic inflammation, mechanical stress, or certain medical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease, or bone tumors. It can also be a side effect of some medications, such as those used in cancer treatment or for managing osteoporosis.

In severe cases, osteolysis can lead to weakened bones, increased risk of fractures, and deformities. Treatment typically aims to address the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Essential osteolysis is not a well-defined medical condition with a single, widely accepted medical definition. The term "osteolysis" generally refers to the loss or resorption of bone tissue. In essential osteolysis, this process occurs without an underlying cause that can be easily identified, such as a tumor, infection, or other disease.

Some sources describe essential osteolysis as a condition characterized by progressive bone loss that occurs spontaneously and symmetrically, typically affecting the small bones of the hands and feet. The exact cause of this form of osteolysis is not known, but it is thought to be related to an abnormal immune response or genetic factors.

It's important to note that essential osteolysis is a rare condition, and its symptoms and progression can vary significantly from person to person. If you have concerns about osteolysis or any other medical condition, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyethylene" is not a medical term. It is a type of synthetic plastic that is commonly used in various industrial and consumer products. Medical definitions typically refer to substances or conditions related to human health, treatment, or disease processes. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I'd be happy to help!

Prosthesis failure is a term used to describe a situation where a prosthetic device, such as an artificial joint or limb, has stopped functioning or failed to meet its intended purpose. This can be due to various reasons, including mechanical failure, infection, loosening of the device, or a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis.

Mechanical failure can occur due to wear and tear, manufacturing defects, or improper use of the prosthetic device. Infection can also lead to prosthesis failure, particularly in cases where the prosthesis is implanted inside the body. The immune system may react to the presence of the foreign material, leading to inflammation and infection.

Loosening of the prosthesis can also cause it to fail over time, as the device becomes less stable and eventually stops working properly. Additionally, some people may have a reaction to the materials used in the prosthesis, leading to tissue damage or other complications that can result in prosthesis failure.

In general, prosthesis failure can lead to decreased mobility, pain, and the need for additional surgeries or treatments to correct the problem. It is important for individuals with prosthetic devices to follow their healthcare provider's instructions carefully to minimize the risk of prosthesis failure and ensure that the device continues to function properly over time.

A hip prosthesis, also known as a total hip replacement, is a surgical implant designed to replace the damaged or diseased components of the human hip joint. The procedure involves replacing the femoral head (the ball at the top of the thigh bone) and the acetabulum (the socket in the pelvis) with artificial parts, typically made from materials such as metal, ceramic, or plastic.

The goal of a hip prosthesis is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function, allowing patients to return to their normal activities and enjoy an improved quality of life. The procedure is most commonly performed in individuals with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other degenerative conditions that have caused significant damage to the hip joint.

There are several different types of hip prostheses available, each with its own unique design and set of benefits and risks. The choice of prosthesis will depend on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and specific medical needs. In general, however, all hip prostheses are designed to provide a durable, long-lasting solution for patients suffering from debilitating joint pain and stiffness.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question as Polyethylenes are not a medical term, but rather a category of synthetic polymers commonly used in various industrial and medical applications. Here's a brief overview:

Polyethylene (PE) is a type of thermoplastic polymer made from the monomer ethylene. It is a versatile material with numerous applications due to its chemical resistance, durability, and flexibility. There are several types of polyethylenes, including:

1. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE): This type has a lower density and more branching in its molecular structure, which results in less crystallinity. LDPE is known for its flexibility and is often used in packaging films, bags, and containers.
2. High-density polyethylene (HDPE): HDPE has a higher density and less branching, resulting in greater crystallinity. It is more rigid than LDPE and is commonly used in applications such as bottles, pipes, and containers.
3. Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE): This type combines the flexibility of LDPE with some of the strength and rigidity of HDPE. LLDPE has fewer branches than LDPE but more than HDPE. It is often used in film applications, such as stretch wrap and agricultural films.
4. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE): UHMWPE has an extremely high molecular weight, resulting in exceptional wear resistance, impact strength, and chemical resistance. It is commonly used in medical applications, such as orthopedic implants and joint replacements, due to its biocompatibility and low friction coefficient.

While polyethylenes are not a medical term per se, they do have significant medical applications, particularly UHMWPE in orthopedic devices.

Hip arthroplasty, also known as hip replacement surgery, is a medical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surfaces of the hip are removed and replaced with artificial components. These components typically include a metal or ceramic ball that replaces the head of the femur (thigh bone), and a polyethylene or ceramic socket that replaces the acetabulum (hip socket) in the pelvis.

The goal of hip arthroplasty is to relieve pain, improve joint mobility, and restore function to the hip joint. This procedure is commonly performed in patients with advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hip fractures, or other conditions that cause significant damage to the hip joint.

There are several types of hip replacement surgeries, including traditional total hip arthroplasty, partial (hemi) hip arthroplasty, and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. The choice of procedure depends on various factors, such as the patient's age, activity level, overall health, and the extent of joint damage.

After surgery, patients typically require rehabilitation to regain strength, mobility, and function in the affected hip. With proper care and follow-up, most patients can expect significant pain relief and improved quality of life following hip arthroplasty.

Prosthesis design is a specialized field in medical device technology that involves creating and developing artificial substitutes to replace a missing body part, such as a limb, tooth, eye, or internal organ. The design process typically includes several stages: assessment of the patient's needs, selection of appropriate materials, creation of a prototype, testing and refinement, and final fabrication and fitting of the prosthesis.

The goal of prosthesis design is to create a device that functions as closely as possible to the natural body part it replaces, while also being comfortable, durable, and aesthetically pleasing for the patient. The design process may involve collaboration between medical professionals, engineers, and designers, and may take into account factors such as the patient's age, lifestyle, occupation, and overall health.

Prosthesis design can be highly complex, particularly for advanced devices such as robotic limbs or implantable organs. These devices often require sophisticated sensors, actuators, and control systems to mimic the natural functions of the body part they replace. As a result, prosthesis design is an active area of research and development in the medical field, with ongoing efforts to improve the functionality, comfort, and affordability of these devices for patients.

Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are primarily responsible for bone resorption, a process in which they break down and dissolve the mineralized matrix of bones. They are derived from monocyte-macrophage precursor cells of hematopoietic origin and play a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis by balancing bone formation and bone resorption.

Osteoclasts adhere to the bone surface and create an isolated microenvironment, called the "resorption lacuna," between their cell membrane and the bone surface. Here, they release hydrogen ions into the lacuna through a process called proton pumping, which lowers the pH and dissolves the mineral component of the bone matrix. Additionally, osteoclasts secrete proteolytic enzymes, such as cathepsin K, that degrade the organic components, like collagen, in the bone matrix.

An imbalance in osteoclast activity can lead to various bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease, where excessive bone resorption results in weakened and fragile bones.

Bone resorption is the process by which bone tissue is broken down and absorbed into the body. It is a normal part of bone remodeling, in which old or damaged bone tissue is removed and new tissue is formed. However, excessive bone resorption can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis, in which bones become weak and fragile due to a loss of density. This process is carried out by cells called osteoclasts, which break down the bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the bloodstream.

Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome (HCS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial features, and potential complications involving other organ systems. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the NOTCH2 gene, which plays a crucial role in bone development and maintenance.

The main features of Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome include:

1. Acroosteolysis: Progressive destruction and resorption of the distal phalanges (the bones at the ends of fingers and toes) leading to shortened, deformed fingers and toes.
2. Osteoporosis: Generalized bone loss resulting in increased fracture risk and bone deformities.
3. Widened cranial sutures: The fibrous joints between the bones in the skull remain open longer than usual, leading to a wide appearance of the forehead and other facial features.
4. Facial abnormalities: Include a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), down-slanting palpebral fissures (the openings for the eyes), a flat nasal bridge, and a pointed chin.
5. Dental anomalies: Including widely spaced teeth, irregular tooth enamel, and an increased risk of periodontal disease.
6. Neurological issues: Some individuals with HCS may experience hearing loss, cognitive impairment, or cerebrovascular complications (such as strokes).
7. Cardiovascular abnormalities: Including mitral valve prolapse and aortic root dilation.
8. Increased cancer risk: There is an increased incidence of various types of cancers in individuals with HCS, particularly gastrointestinal malignancies.

Due to the rarity of this condition, its diagnosis often requires genetic testing for mutations in the NOTCH2 gene and a multidisciplinary approach to management, involving specialists such as clinical geneticists, orthopedic surgeons, neurologists, dentists, and other healthcare professionals.

The acetabulum is the cup-shaped cavity in the pelvic bone (specifically, the os coxa) where the head of the femur bone articulates to form the hip joint. It provides a stable and flexible connection between the lower limb and the trunk, allowing for a wide range of movements such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. The acetabulum is lined with articular cartilage, which facilitates smooth and frictionless movement of the hip joint. Its stability is further enhanced by various ligaments, muscles, and the labrum, a fibrocartilaginous rim that deepens the socket and increases its contact area with the femoral head.

Aluminum oxide is a chemical compound with the formula Al2O3. It is also known as alumina and it is a white solid that is widely used in various industries due to its unique properties. Aluminum oxide is highly resistant to corrosion, has a high melting point, and is an electrical insulator.

In the medical field, aluminum oxide is used in a variety of applications such as:

1. Dental crowns and implants: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of dental crowns and implants due to its strength and durability.
2. Orthopedic implants: Aluminum oxide is used in some types of orthopedic implants, such as knee and hip replacements, because of its biocompatibility and resistance to wear.
3. Medical ceramics: Aluminum oxide is used in the production of medical ceramics, which are used in various medical devices such as pacemakers and hearing aids.
4. Pharmaceuticals: Aluminum oxide is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical products, such as tablets and capsules, to improve their stability and shelf life.
5. Medical research: Aluminum oxide is used in medical research, for example, as a substrate material for growing cells or as a coating material for medical devices.

It's important to note that while aluminum oxide has many useful applications in the medical field, exposure to high levels of aluminum can be harmful to human health. Therefore, it is important to use aluminum oxide and other aluminum-containing materials safely and according to established guidelines.

A reoperation is a surgical procedure that is performed again on a patient who has already undergone a previous operation for the same or related condition. Reoperations may be required due to various reasons, such as inadequate initial treatment, disease recurrence, infection, or complications from the first surgery. The nature and complexity of a reoperation can vary widely depending on the specific circumstances, but it often carries higher risks and potential complications compared to the original operation.

Bone neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the bone. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign bone neoplasms do not spread to other parts of the body and are rarely a threat to life, although they may cause problems if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues or cause fractures. Malignant bone neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade and destroy nearby tissue and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

There are many different types of bone neoplasms, including:

1. Osteochondroma - a benign tumor that develops from cartilage and bone
2. Enchondroma - a benign tumor that forms in the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones
3. Chondrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from cartilage
4. Osteosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from bone cells
5. Ewing sarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops in the bones or soft tissues around the bones
6. Giant cell tumor of bone - a benign or occasionally malignant tumor that develops from bone tissue
7. Fibrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from fibrous tissue in the bone

The symptoms of bone neoplasms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, fractures, or limited mobility. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

The hip joint, also known as the coxal joint, is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the pelvis. The "ball" is the head of the femur, while the "socket" is the acetabulum, a concave surface on the pelvic bone.

The hip joint is surrounded by a strong fibrous capsule and is reinforced by several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments. The joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation, and circumduction movements, making it one of the most mobile joints in the body.

The hip joint is also supported by various muscles, including the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and other hip flexors and extensors. These muscles provide stability and strength to the joint, allowing for weight-bearing activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

REceptor Activator of NF-kB (RANK) Ligand is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system and bone metabolism. It belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and is primarily produced by osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone formation.

RANK Ligand binds to its receptor RANK, which is found on the surface of osteoclasts, a type of cell involved in bone resorption or breakdown. The binding of RANK Ligand to RANK activates signaling pathways that promote the differentiation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts, thereby increasing bone resorption.

Abnormalities in the RANKL-RANK signaling pathway have been implicated in various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and certain types of cancer that metastasize to bones. Therefore, targeting this pathway with therapeutic agents has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of these conditions.

Titanium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element (symbol Ti, atomic number 22) that is widely used in the medical field due to its unique properties. Medically, it is often referred to as a biocompatible material used in various medical applications such as:

1. Orthopedic implants: Titanium and its alloys are used for making joint replacements (hips, knees, shoulders), bone plates, screws, and rods due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
2. Dental implants: Titanium is also commonly used in dental applications like implants, crowns, and bridges because of its ability to osseointegrate, or fuse directly with bone tissue, providing a stable foundation for replacement teeth.
3. Cardiovascular devices: Titanium alloys are used in the construction of heart valves, pacemakers, and other cardiovascular implants due to their non-magnetic properties, which prevent interference with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
4. Medical instruments: Due to its resistance to corrosion and high strength, titanium is used in the manufacturing of various medical instruments such as surgical tools, needles, and catheters.

In summary, Titanium is a chemical element with unique properties that make it an ideal material for various medical applications, including orthopedic and dental implants, cardiovascular devices, and medical instruments.

The skull is the bony structure that encloses and protects the brain, the eyes, and the ears. It is composed of two main parts: the cranium, which contains the brain, and the facial bones. The cranium is made up of several fused flat bones, while the facial bones include the upper jaw (maxilla), lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones, nose bones, and eye sockets (orbits).

The skull also provides attachment points for various muscles that control chewing, moving the head, and facial expressions. Additionally, it contains openings for blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord to pass through. The skull's primary function is to protect the delicate and vital structures within it from injury and trauma.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a type of synthetic resin that is widely used in the medical field due to its biocompatibility and versatility. It is a transparent, rigid, and lightweight material that can be easily molded into different shapes and forms. Here are some of the medical definitions of PMMA:

1. A biocompatible acrylic resin used in various medical applications such as bone cement, intraocular lenses, dental restorations, and drug delivery systems.
2. A type of synthetic material that is used as a bone cement to fix prosthetic joint replacements and vertebroplasty for the treatment of spinal fractures.
3. A transparent and shatter-resistant material used in the manufacture of medical devices such as intravenous (IV) fluid bags, dialyzer housings, and oxygenators.
4. A drug delivery system that can be used to administer drugs locally or systemically, such as intraocular sustained-release drug implants for the treatment of chronic eye diseases.
5. A component of dental restorations such as fillings, crowns, and bridges due to its excellent mechanical properties and esthetic qualities.

Overall, PMMA is a versatile and valuable material in the medical field, with numerous applications that take advantage of its unique properties.

In the medical field, cementation refers to the process of using a type of dental cement or bonding agent to attach a dental restoration (such as a crown, bridge, or false tooth) to a natural tooth or implant. The cement helps to create a strong and secure attachment, while also helping to seal the restoration and prevent the entry of bacteria and saliva.

Dental cement can be made from various materials, including glass ionomers, resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate, and polycarboxylate cements. The choice of cement depends on several factors, such as the type of restoration being attached, the location in the mouth, and the patient's individual needs and preferences.

Cementation is an important step in many dental procedures, as it helps to ensure the longevity and success of the restoration. Proper technique and material selection are crucial for achieving a successful cementation that will last for years to come.

Bone cements are medical-grade materials used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to fill gaps between bone surfaces and implants, such as artificial joints or screws. They serve to mechanically stabilize the implant and provide a smooth, load-bearing surface. The two most common types of bone cement are:

1. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of powdered PMMA and liquid methyl methacrylate monomer. When mixed together, they form a dough-like consistency that hardens upon exposure to air. PMMA cement has been widely used for decades in joint replacement surgeries, such as hip or knee replacements.
2. Calcium phosphate (CP) cement: This is a two-component system consisting of a powdered CP compound and an aqueous solution. When mixed together, they form a paste that hardens through a chemical reaction at body temperature. CP cement has lower mechanical strength compared to PMMA but demonstrates better biocompatibility, bioactivity, and the ability to resorb over time.

Both types of bone cements have advantages and disadvantages, and their use depends on the specific surgical indication and patient factors.

Biocompatible coated materials refer to surfaces or substances that are treated or engineered with a layer or film designed to interact safely and effectively with living tissues or biological systems, without causing harm or adverse reactions. The coating material is typically composed of biomaterials that can withstand the conditions of the specific application while promoting a positive response from the body.

The purpose of these coatings may vary depending on the medical device or application. For example, they might be used to enhance the lubricity and wear resistance of implantable devices, reduce the risk of infection, promote integration with surrounding tissues, control drug release, or prevent the formation of biofilms.

Biocompatible coated materials must undergo rigorous testing and evaluation to ensure their safety and efficacy in various clinical settings. This includes assessing potential cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, sensitization, hemocompatibility, carcinogenicity, and other factors that could impact the body's response to the material.

Examples of biocompatible coating materials include:

1. Hydrogels: Cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers that can be used for drug delivery, tissue engineering, or as lubricious coatings on medical devices.
2. Self-assembling monolayers (SAMs): Organosilane or thiol-based molecules that form a stable, well-ordered film on surfaces, which can be further functionalized to promote specific biological interactions.
3. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): A biocompatible polymer often used as a coating material due to its ability to reduce protein adsorption and cell attachment, making it useful for preventing biofouling or thrombosis on medical devices.
4. Bioactive glass: A type of biomaterial composed of silica-based glasses that can stimulate bone growth and healing when used as a coating material in orthopedic or dental applications.
5. Drug-eluting coatings: Biocompatible polymers impregnated with therapeutic agents, designed to release the drug over time to promote healing, prevent infection, or inhibit restenosis in various medical devices.

Arthroplasty, replacement, is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased joint surface is removed and replaced with an artificial implant or device. The goal of this surgery is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve the quality of life for patients who have severe joint damage due to arthritis or other conditions.

During the procedure, the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the joint and replaces them with a metal, plastic, or ceramic component that replicates the shape and function of the natural joint surface. The most common types of joint replacement surgery are hip replacement, knee replacement, and shoulder replacement.

The success rate of joint replacement surgery is generally high, with many patients experiencing significant pain relief and improved mobility. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening or failure, and nerve damage. Therefore, it's essential to discuss the potential benefits and risks of joint replacement surgery with a healthcare provider before making a decision.

A knee prosthesis, also known as a knee replacement or artificial knee joint, is a medical device used to replace the damaged or diseased weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint. It typically consists of three components: the femoral component (made of metal) that fits over the end of the thighbone (femur), the tibial component (often made of metal and plastic) that fits into the top of the shinbone (tibia), and a patellar component (usually made of plastic) that replaces the damaged surface of the kneecap.

The primary goal of knee prosthesis is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life for individuals with advanced knee joint damage due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries. The procedure to implant a knee prosthesis is called knee replacement surgery or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism. By binding to RANKL, OPG prevents it from interacting with its signaling receptor RANK on the surface of osteoclast precursor cells, thereby inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival. This results in reduced bone resorption and increased bone mass.

In addition to its role in bone homeostasis, OPG has also been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune regulation, cancer progression, and cardiovascular disease.

Dura Mater: The tough, outer membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord.

Hydroxyapatite: A naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite, also known as dahllite, with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH), is the primary mineral component of biological apatites found in bones and teeth.

Therefore, "Durapatite" isn't a recognized medical term, but it seems like it might be a combination of "dura mater" and "hydroxyapatite." If you meant to ask about a material used in medical or dental applications that combines properties of both dura mater and hydroxyapatite, please provide more context.

A joint prosthesis, also known as an artificial joint or a replacement joint, is a surgical implant used to replace all or part of a damaged or diseased joint. The most common types of joint prostheses are total hip replacements and total knee replacements. These prostheses typically consist of a combination of metal, plastic, and ceramic components that are designed to replicate the movement and function of a natural joint.

Joint prostheses are usually recommended for patients who have severe joint pain or mobility issues that cannot be adequately managed with other treatments such as physical therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes. The goal of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain, improve joint function, and enhance the patient's quality of life.

Joint prostheses are typically made from materials such as titanium, cobalt-chrome alloys, stainless steel, polyethylene plastic, and ceramics. The choice of material depends on a variety of factors, including the patient's age, activity level, weight, and overall health.

While joint replacement surgery is generally safe and effective, there are risks associated with any surgical procedure, including infection, blood clots, implant loosening or failure, and nerve damage. Patients who undergo joint replacement surgery typically require several weeks of rehabilitation and physical therapy to regain strength and mobility in the affected joint.

Osteitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of bone tissue. It can occur as a result of various conditions, such as infection (osteomyelitis), trauma, or autoimmune disorders. The symptoms of osteitis may include pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected area, as well as fever and general malaise. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the inflammation, which may involve antibiotics for infection or anti-inflammatory medications for other causes. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected or damaged bone tissue.

X-ray microtomography, often referred to as micro-CT, is a non-destructive imaging technique used to visualize and analyze the internal structure of objects with high spatial resolution. It is based on the principles of computed tomography (CT), where multiple X-ray images are acquired at different angles and then reconstructed into cross-sectional slices using specialized software. These slices can be further processed to create 3D visualizations, allowing researchers and clinicians to examine the internal structure and composition of samples in great detail. Micro-CT is widely used in materials science, biology, medicine, and engineering for various applications such as material characterization, bone analysis, and defect inspection.

The femur is the medical term for the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It connects the hip bone to the knee joint and plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and allowing movement during activities such as walking, running, and jumping. The femur is composed of a rounded head, a long shaft, and two condyles at the lower end that articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Asepsis is a state or practice of being free from infection or contamination, especially by pathogenic microorganisms. It is a set of procedures and practices used in medicine and healthcare to prevent infection and the spread of disease-causing microorganisms. Aseptic techniques include the use of sterile equipment, barriers, and environmental controls to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a susceptible host.

There are two types of asepsis: medical and surgical. Medical asepsis involves practices that reduce the number of microorganisms in the environment, such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and equipment. Surgical asepsis is a more stringent form of asepsis that aims to create a sterile field during surgical procedures, using sterilized instruments, drapes, gowns, gloves, and other materials to prevent the introduction of microorganisms into the surgical site.

Maintaining aseptic techniques is critical in healthcare settings to prevent the transmission of infectious agents and protect patients from harm. Failure to follow aseptic practices can result in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), which can cause significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.

Chromium alloys are materials made by combining chromium with other metals, such as nickel, cobalt, or iron. The addition of chromium to these alloys enhances their properties, making them resistant to corrosion and high temperatures. These alloys have a wide range of applications in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and medical devices.

Chromium alloys can be classified into two main categories: stainless steels and superalloys. Stainless steels are alloys that contain at least 10.5% chromium by weight, which forms a passive oxide layer on the surface of the material, protecting it from corrosion. Superalloys, on the other hand, are high-performance alloys designed to operate in extreme environments, such as jet engines and gas turbines. They contain significant amounts of chromium, along with other elements like nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum.

Chromium alloys have several medical applications due to their excellent properties. For instance, they are used in surgical instruments, dental implants, and orthopedic devices because of their resistance to corrosion and biocompatibility. Additionally, some chromium alloys exhibit superelasticity, a property that allows them to return to their original shape after being deformed, making them suitable for use in stents and other medical devices that require flexibility and durability.

The femoral head is the rounded, ball-like top portion of the femur (thigh bone) that fits into the hip socket (acetabulum) to form the hip joint. It has a smooth, articular cartilage surface that allows for smooth and stable articulation with the pelvis. The femoral head is connected to the femoral neck, which is a narrower section of bone that angles downward and leads into the shaft of the femur. Together, the femoral head and neck provide stability and range of motion to the hip joint.

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (RANK) is a type I transmembrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of bone metabolism through the activation of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for bone resorption.

When RANK binds to its ligand, RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B Ligand), it triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that lead to the activation and differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts. This process is essential for maintaining bone homeostasis, as excessive osteoclast activity can result in bone loss and diseases such as osteoporosis.

In addition to its role in bone metabolism, RANK has also been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, as it is involved in the activation and differentiation of dendritic cells and T cells. Dysregulation of RANK signaling has been associated with various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Hip injuries refer to damages or harm caused to the hip joint or its surrounding structures, including bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related activities, or degenerative conditions. Common hip injuries include fractures, dislocations, strains, sprains, bursitis, and labral tears. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, stiffness, limited mobility, and inability to bear weight on the affected leg. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a degenerative joint disease that affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the hip joint. It is characterized by the progressive loss of cartilage, remodeling of bone, osteophyte formation (bone spurs), cysts, and mild to moderate inflammation. The degenerative process can lead to pain, stiffness, limited range of motion, and crepitus (grating or crackling sound) during movement.

In the hip joint, OA typically affects the femoral head and acetabulum. As the articular cartilage wears away, the underlying bone becomes exposed and can lead to bone-on-bone contact, which is painful. The body responds by attempting to repair the damage through remodeling of the subchondral bone and formation of osteophytes. However, these changes can further limit joint mobility and exacerbate symptoms.

Risk factors for OA of the hip include age, obesity, genetics, previous joint injury or surgery, and repetitive stress on the joint. Treatment options may include pain management (such as NSAIDs, physical therapy, and injections), lifestyle modifications (such as weight loss and exercise), and, in severe cases, surgical intervention (such as hip replacement).

The tarsal bones are a group of seven articulating bones in the foot that make up the posterior portion of the foot, located between the talus bone of the leg and the metatarsal bones of the forefoot. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and facilitating movement.

There are three categories of tarsal bones:

1. Proximal row: This includes the talus, calcaneus (heel bone), and navicular bones. The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint, while the calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel. The navicular bone is located between the talus and the cuneiform bones.

2. Intermediate row: This includes the cuboid bone, which is located laterally (on the outside) to the navicular bone and articulates with the calcaneus, fourth and fifth metatarsals, and the cuneiform bones.

3. Distal row: This includes three cuneiform bones - the medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms - which are located between the navicular bone proximally and the first, second, and third metatarsal bones distally. The medial cuneiform is the largest of the three and articulates with the navicular bone, first metatarsal, and the intermediate cuneiform. The intermediate cuneiform articulates with the medial and lateral cuneiforms and the second metatarsal. The lateral cuneiform articulates with the intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, and fourth metatarsal.

Together, these bones form a complex network of joints that allow for movement and stability in the foot. Injuries or disorders affecting the tarsal bones can result in pain, stiffness, and difficulty walking.

Osseointegration is a direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of an implant. It's a process where the bone grows in and around the implant, which is typically made of titanium or another biocompatible material. This process provides a solid foundation for dental prosthetics, such as crowns, bridges, or dentures, or for orthopedic devices like artificial limbs. The success of osseointegration depends on various factors, including the patient's overall health, the quality and quantity of available bone, and the surgical technique used for implant placement.

Equipment Failure Analysis is a process of identifying the cause of failure in medical equipment or devices. This involves a systematic examination and evaluation of the equipment, its components, and operational history to determine why it failed. The analysis may include physical inspection, chemical testing, and review of maintenance records, as well as assessment of design, manufacturing, and usage factors that may have contributed to the failure.

The goal of Equipment Failure Analysis is to identify the root cause of the failure, so that corrective actions can be taken to prevent similar failures in the future. This is important in medical settings to ensure patient safety and maintain the reliability and effectiveness of medical equipment.

In the field of medicine, ceramics are commonly referred to as inorganic, non-metallic materials that are made up of compounds such as oxides, carbides, and nitrides. These materials are often used in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, resistance to corrosion, and ability to withstand high temperatures. Some examples of medical ceramics include:

1. Bioceramics: These are ceramic materials that are used in medical devices and implants, such as hip replacements, dental implants, and bone grafts. They are designed to be biocompatible, which means they can be safely implanted into the body without causing an adverse reaction.
2. Ceramic coatings: These are thin layers of ceramic material that are applied to medical devices and implants to improve their performance and durability. For example, ceramic coatings may be used on orthopedic implants to reduce wear and tear, or on cardiovascular implants to prevent blood clots from forming.
3. Ceramic membranes: These are porous ceramic materials that are used in medical filtration systems, such as hemodialysis machines. They are designed to selectively filter out impurities while allowing essential molecules to pass through.
4. Ceramic scaffolds: These are three-dimensional structures made of ceramic material that are used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. They provide a framework for cells to grow and multiply, helping to repair or replace damaged tissues.

Overall, medical ceramics play an important role in modern healthcare, providing safe and effective solutions for a wide range of medical applications.

Diphosphonates are a class of medications that are used to treat bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease. They work by binding to the surface of bones and inhibiting the activity of bone-resorbing cells called osteoclasts. This helps to slow down the breakdown and loss of bone tissue, which can help to reduce the risk of fractures.

Diphosphonates are typically taken orally in the form of tablets, but some forms may be given by injection. Commonly prescribed diphosphonates include alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), and ibandronate (Boniva). Side effects of diphosphonates can include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, heartburn, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, they may also cause esophageal ulcers or osteonecrosis of the jaw.

It is important to follow the instructions for taking diphosphonates carefully, as they must be taken on an empty stomach with a full glass of water and the patient must remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation. Regular monitoring of bone density and kidney function is also recommended while taking these medications.

Angiomatosis is a medical term that refers to a benign condition characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels in various tissues and organs. It is typically composed of small, tangled blood vessels called capillaries, which can form clusters or networks. The condition can affect skin, internal organs, bones, and other tissues.

Angiomatosis is often asymptomatic and may be discovered incidentally during medical imaging or surgical procedures. In some cases, it may cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or bleeding, depending on the location and extent of the lesions.

While angiomatosis is generally a benign condition, in rare cases, it can be associated with malignant tumors or other medical conditions. Treatment options for angiomatosis depend on the size, location, and symptoms of the lesions and may include observation, medication, or surgical removal.

A foreign-body reaction is an immune response that occurs when a non-native substance, or "foreign body," is introduced into the human body. This can include things like splinters, surgical implants, or even injected medications. The immune system recognizes these substances as foreign and mounts a response to try to eliminate them.

The initial response to a foreign body is often an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by the release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation, increased blood flow, and the migration of white blood cells to the site. This can result in symptoms such as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.

If the foreign body is not eliminated, a chronic inflammatory response may develop, which can lead to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and encapsulation of the foreign body. In some cases, this reaction can cause significant tissue damage or impede proper healing.

It's worth noting that not all foreign bodies necessarily elicit a strong immune response. The nature and size of the foreign body, as well as its location in the body, can all influence the severity of the reaction.

Femoral head necrosis, also known as avascular necrosis of the femoral head, is a medical condition that results from the interruption of blood flow to the femoral head, which is the rounded end of the thigh bone that fits into the hip joint. This lack of blood supply can cause the bone tissue to die, leading to the collapse of the femoral head and eventually resulting in hip joint damage or arthritis.

The condition can be caused by a variety of factors, including trauma, alcohol abuse, corticosteroid use, radiation therapy, and certain medical conditions such as sickle cell disease and lupus. Symptoms may include pain in the hip or groin, limited range of motion, and difficulty walking. Treatment options depend on the severity and progression of the necrosis and may include medication, physical therapy, or surgical intervention.

A granuloma is a type of organized immune response that occurs when the body encounters a foreign substance that it cannot eliminate. A "foreign-body" granuloma specifically refers to this reaction in response to an exogenous material, such as a splinter, suture, or other types of medical implants.

Foreign-body granulomas are characterized by the formation of a collection of immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, which surround and attempt to isolate the foreign material. Over time, this collection of immune cells can become walled off and form a well-circumscribed mass or nodule.

Foreign-body granulomas may cause localized symptoms such as pain, swelling, or inflammation, depending on their location and size. In some cases, they may also lead to complications such as infection or tissue damage. Treatment typically involves removing the foreign body, if possible, followed by anti-inflammatory therapy to manage any residual symptoms or complications.

Tantalum is not a medical term, but a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. In the field of medicine, tantalum is often used in the production of medical implants such as surgical pins, screws, plates, and stents due to its biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion. For example, tantalum mesh is used in hernia repair and tantalum rods are used in spinal fusion surgery.

Osteonecrosis is a medical condition characterized by the death of bone tissue due to the disruption of blood supply. Also known as avascular necrosis, this process can lead to the collapse of the bone and adjacent joint surfaces, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and potential deformity if left untreated. Osteonecrosis most commonly affects the hips, shoulders, and knees, but it can occur in any bone. The condition may be caused by trauma, corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, certain medical conditions (like sickle cell disease or lupus), or for no apparent reason (idiopathic).

Cathepsin K is a proteolytic enzyme, which belongs to the family of papain-like cysteine proteases. It is primarily produced by osteoclasts, which are specialized cells responsible for bone resorption. Cathepsin K plays a crucial role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, particularly in bone tissue.

This enzyme is capable of breaking down various proteins, including collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans, which are major components of the bone matrix. By doing so, cathepsin K helps osteoclasts to dissolve and remove mineralized and non-mineralized bone matrix during the process of bone resorption.

Apart from its function in bone metabolism, cathepsin K has also been implicated in several pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and tumor metastasis to bones. Inhibitors of cathepsin K are being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of these disorders.

Chylothorax is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of lymphatic fluid called chyle in the pleural space, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. Chyle is a milky-white fluid that contains nutrients, electrolytes, and immune cells, and it is normally transported through the thoracic duct to the bloodstream.

Chylothorax can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma, surgery, tumors, or congenital abnormalities that disrupt the normal flow of chyle. As a result, chyle leaks into the pleural space, causing symptoms such as cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fever.

The diagnosis of chylothorax is usually made through imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan, and confirmed by analyzing the fluid for the presence of chylomicrons, which are lipid particles found in chyle. The treatment options for chylothorax include dietary modifications, such as a low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides, chest tube drainage, and surgical interventions such as thoracic duct ligation or pleurodesis.

Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and non-reacting substances that can be used in medical devices, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems without causing harm or adverse reactions to living tissues or organs. These materials are designed to mimic the properties of natural tissues and are able to integrate with biological systems without being rejected by the body's immune system.

Biocompatible materials can be made from a variety of substances, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The specific properties of these materials, such as their mechanical strength, flexibility, and biodegradability, are carefully selected to meet the requirements of their intended medical application.

Examples of biocompatible materials include titanium used in dental implants and joint replacements, polyethylene used in artificial hips, and hydrogels used in contact lenses and drug delivery systems. The use of biocompatible materials has revolutionized modern medicine by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist joint in humans and other primates. These bones are arranged in two rows, with four bones in each row. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform bones, while the distal row includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones.

The carpal bones play an essential role in the function of the wrist joint by providing stability, support, and mobility. They allow for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation, and circumduction. The complex structure of the carpal bones also helps to absorb shock and distribute forces evenly across the wrist during activities such as gripping or lifting objects.

Injuries to the carpal bones, such as fractures or dislocations, can be painful and may require medical treatment to ensure proper healing and prevent long-term complications. Additionally, degenerative conditions such as arthritis can affect the carpal bones, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility in the wrist joint.

"Bone" is the hard, dense connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrate animals. It provides support and protection for the body's internal organs, and serves as a attachment site for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Bone is composed of cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and resorption, respectively, and an extracellular matrix made up of collagen fibers and mineral crystals.

Bones can be classified into two main types: compact bone and spongy bone. Compact bone is dense and hard, and makes up the outer layer of all bones and the shafts of long bones. Spongy bone is less dense and contains large spaces, and makes up the ends of long bones and the interior of flat and irregular bones.

The human body has 206 bones in total. They can be further classified into five categories based on their shape: long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

Arthroplasty, replacement, knee is a surgical procedure where the damaged or diseased joint surface of the knee is removed and replaced with an artificial joint or prosthesis. The procedure involves resurfacing the worn-out ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) with metal components, and the back of the kneecap with a plastic button. This surgery is usually performed to relieve pain and restore function in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or traumatic injuries that have damaged the joint beyond repair. The goal of knee replacement surgery is to improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for the patient.

The clavicle, also known as the collarbone, is a long, slender bone that lies horizontally between the breastbone (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula). It is part of the shoulder girdle and plays a crucial role in supporting the upper limb. The clavicle has two ends: the medial end, which articulates with the sternum, and the lateral end, which articulates with the acromion process of the scapula. It is a common site of fracture due to its superficial location and susceptibility to direct trauma.

Acquired hand deformities refer to structural changes in the hand or fingers that occur after birth, as a result of injury, illness, or other external factors. These deformities can affect any part of the hand, including the bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Common causes of acquired hand deformities include trauma, infection, degenerative diseases such as arthritis, tumors, and neurological conditions.

The symptoms of acquired hand deformities can vary depending on the severity and location of the deformity. They may include pain, stiffness, swelling, decreased range of motion, loss of function, and changes in appearance. Treatment for acquired hand deformities may involve a combination of medical interventions, such as medication, physical therapy, or splinting, as well as surgical procedures to correct the underlying structural problem. The goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, improve function, and restore normal appearance and movement to the hand.

Corrosion is a process of deterioration or damage to a material, usually a metal, caused by chemical reactions with its environment. In the medical context, corrosion may refer to the breakdown and destruction of living tissue due to exposure to harsh substances or environmental conditions. This can occur in various parts of the body, such as the skin, mouth, or gastrointestinal tract, and can be caused by factors like acid reflux, infection, or exposure to chemicals.

In the case of medical devices made of metal, corrosion can also refer to the degradation of the device due to chemical reactions with bodily fluids or tissues. This can compromise the function and safety of the device, potentially leading to complications or failure. Therefore, understanding and preventing corrosion is an important consideration in the design and use of medical devices made of metal.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

... has been reported to occur as early as 12 months after implantation and is usually progressive. This may require a ... Osteolysis often occurs in the proximity of a prosthesis that causes either an immunological response or changes in the bone's ... Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts and can be interpreted as the reverse of ossification. ... Osteolysis may also be caused by pathologies like bone tumors, cysts, or chronic inflammation. While bone resorption is ...
Type 1: hereditary multicentric osteolysis with dominant transmission Type 2: hereditary multicentric osteolysis with recessive ... Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome (MCTO) is a rare autosomal dominant condition. This condition is also known as ... Am J Hum Genet 90: 494-501 Hardegger F, Simpson LA, Segmueller G (1985) The syndrome of idiopathic osteolysis. Classification, ... Shurtleff DB, Sparkes RS, Clawson DK, Guntheroth WG, Mottet NK (1964) Hereditary osteolysis with hypertension and nephropathy. ...
... is a cutaneous condition that shares features with juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. ...
"Acro-osteolysis (mnemonic) , Radiology Reference Article , Radiopaedia.org". Radiopaedia. doi:10.53347/rID-12202. Freedberg, et ... A mnemonic commonly used for acro-osteolysis is PINCHFO.Pyknodysostosis, Psoriasis, Injury (thermal burn, frostbite), ...
FGFR1 Osteolysis, familial expansile; 174810; TNFRSF11A Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis; 300373; FAM123B ...
This pathogenic increase in osteoclast activity causes abnormal bone loss or osteolysis. In animal models of rheumatoid ... Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL (June 2017). "Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone". The Journal ... elevated production of CSF-1 by lymphatic endothelial cells similarly produces excessive osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. ...
This phenomenon is known as osteolysis. Polyethylene synovitis - Wear of the weight-bearing surfaces: polyethylene is thought ...
The most typical presentation is that of osteolysis of a single bone or the bones connected by a shared joint, such as the ... During this time, he also authored several case series on osteolysis of bone. Dr. Stout began his career as a surgeon and ... Heffez L, Doku HC, Carter BL, et al: Perspectives on massive osteolysis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Oral ... Massive osteolysis (acute spontaneous absorption of bone, phantom bone, disappearing bone): its relation to hemangiomatosis. J ...
Groot, Diederik; Gosens, Taco; Leeuwen, Niels C.M.v.; Rhee, Marina v.; Teepen, Hans J.L.J.M. (2006). "Wear-Induced Osteolysis ... Metallosis has been demonstrated to cause osteolysis. Women, those who are small in stature, and the obese are at greater risk ...
As of 2007, it was found that these mutations are also found in Torg and Nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis syndrome (NAO). This ... This mutation causes a multicentric osteolysis and arthritis syndrome. It is hypothesized that the loss of an upstream MMP-2 ... Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Torg Winchester syndrome". www. ... Elsebaie H, Mansour MA, Elsayed SM, Mahmoud S, El-Sobky TA (December 2021). "Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and ...
Studies have shown it to be effective in decreasing inflammatory osteolysis in inflamed bone. This role could potentiate new ... "Adenosine A2A receptor activation prevents wearparticle-induced osteolysis". Sci Transl Med. 4 (135): 135-165. Mediero A, Kara ...
"Scaling of titanium implants entrains inflammation-induced osteolysis". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 39612. Bibcode:2017NatSR... ...
... cause familial expansile osteolysis" (PDF). Nat. Genet. 24 (1): 45-8. doi:10.1038/71667. PMID 10615125. S2CID 32165581. Wong BR ... "Genetic linkage of familial expansile osteolysis to chromosome 18q". Hum. Mol. Genet. 3 (2): 359-61. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.2.359. ... Fc Effectively Prevents and Ameliorates Wear Debris-Induced Osteolysis via Osteoclast Depletion Without Inhibiting Osteogenesis ...
Jasty MJ, Floyd WE 3rd, Schiller AL, Goldring SR, Harris WH (1986). "Localized osteolysis in stable, non-septic total hip ...
Much of Harris' research focuses on osteolysis, the deterioration of bone tissue around joint replacement implants, and ... Harris, W. H. (2004). "Conquest of a worldwide human disease: Particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis". Clinical ... of wide spread use of highly cross-linked polyethylene in patients have shown it to be very effective in preventing osteolysis ... developing highly cross-linked polyethylene to counter the issue of osteolysis. Fifteen years ...
These include osteogenesis imperfecta, Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome, Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and ... Elsebaie H, Mansour MA, Elsayed SM, Mahmoud S, El-Sobky TA (December 2021). "Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and ... September 2018). "Three cases of multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome: a case series". BMC Medical Genetics. 19 (1): ...
Disease-causing mutations in the MMP2 gene cause a rare type of skeletal dysplasia Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and ... Elsebaie H, Mansour MA, Elsayed SM, Mahmoud S, El-Sobky TA (December 2021). "Multicentric Osteolysis, Nodulosis, and ... July 2001). "Mutation of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene (MMP2) causes a multicentric osteolysis and arthritis syndrome". ... February 2016). "Clinical and mutation profile of multicentric osteolysis nodulosis and arthropathy". American Journal of ...
Wei S, Siegal GP (2008). "Mechanisms modulating inflammatory osteolysis: a review with insights into therapeutic targets". ...
This condition is also known as idiopathic multicentric osteolysis with nephropathy. It is characterised by dental ...
On 24 April 1944, he died in Tokyo due to vertebral osteolysis. Takeuchi studied general relativistic cosmology in the 1930s, ...
Distal clavicular osteolysis: bone spur or erosion at the end of the clavicle. Athletes suffering from this condition should ...
Jeffcoate W (2005). "Vascular calcification and osteolysis in diabetic neuropathy-is RANK-L the missing link?". Diabetologia. ...
The chronic presence of hyperprolactinemia can lead to hypogonadism and osteolysis in men. Prolactin secretion is regulated by ...
The destruction of bone affected by bone metastases are caused by osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. The uncoupled regulation of ... Bone-Targeted Agents (BTAs) including Bisphosphonates and Denosumab, can interrupt osteoclast-mediated osteolysis. Osteoclast ...
They destroy bone through a rapid, transient (relative to osteoclasts) mechanism called osteocytic osteolysis. Hydroxyapatite, ...
"Delayed peroneal nerve palsy after total knee arthroplasty-A rare complication of tibial osteolysis". The Knee. 21 (2): 624-7. ...
2018). Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particles induced periprosthetic osteolysis. Nishio ... 2018). Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particles induced periprosthetic osteolysis. Alraies ... Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis ". International ... Anti-inflammatory drug-eluting implant model system to prevent wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis ". International ...
... hand deformity caused by osteolysis of the articular surfaces of the fingers. Named with neurologist André Léri (1875-1930). " ...
Reducing UHMWPE wear is thought to decrease the risk of implant failure due to osteolysis. All-ceramic materials can have a ...
Osteolysis has been reported to occur as early as 12 months after implantation and is usually progressive. This may require a ... Osteolysis often occurs in the proximity of a prosthesis that causes either an immunological response or changes in the bones ... Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts and can be interpreted as the reverse of ossification. ... Osteolysis may also be caused by pathologies like bone tumors, cysts, or chronic inflammation. While bone resorption is ...
The pertinent literature is reviewed and a simplified classification of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is presented. ... A 59 year old while female with striking carpal and tarsal osteolysis is reported. The process primarily involves the carpals ... Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1976 Jan;126(1):23-31. doi: 10.2214/ajr.126.1.23. ... Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis may be sporadic but can demonstrate either dominant or recessive inheritance. There may or ...
... osteolysis), particularly in the hands and feet . Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. ... Multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) describes a rare inherited disease characterized by a loss of bone ... Al-Mayouf SM, Majeed M, Hugosson C, Bahabri S. New form of idiopathic osteolysis: nodulosis, arthropathy and osteolysis (NAO) ... osteolysis), particularly in the hands and feet. . MONA includes a condition formerly called nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis ( ...
Distal clavicle osteolysis was first described in 1936 as a condition secondary to acute shoulder trauma. Today, it is ... encoded search term (Distal Clavicle Osteolysis) and Distal Clavicle Osteolysis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Distal Clavicle Osteolysis. Updated: Sep 28, 2022 * Author: Brett D Owens, MD; Chief Editor: Mohit N Gilotra, MD, MS, FAAOS, ... Osteolysis of the distal clavicle in a female body builder. A case report. Am J Sports Med. 1993 Jan-Feb. 21 (1):150-2. [QxMD ...
"Acro-Osteolysis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... When acro-osteolysis is accompanied by generalized OSTEOPOROSIS and skull deformations, it is called HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME. ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Acro-Osteolysis" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Acro-Osteolysis" by people in Profiles. ...
Morphine-induced osteolysis and hypersensitivity is mediated through toll-like receptor-4 in a murine model of metastatic ... Morphine-induced osteolysis and hypersensitivity is mediated through toll-like receptor-4 in a murine model of metastatic ... Together, these data indicate that morphine induces osteolysis and hypersensitivity that are mediated, in part, through a TLR4 ... as well as the use of a TLR4 genetic knockout ameliorated the chronic morphine-induced osteolysis and hypersensitivity. Genetic ...
... may not successfully differentiate secondary osteolysis from osteomyelitis. We describe a patient with phalangeal osteolysis ... Charcots neuroarthropathy and osteomyelitis are well-known foot complications of diabetes, and secondary osteolysis has ... Osteolysis, caused by active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts, can be primary or can develop secondary to a variety of ... Gretz R, Dennis KJ, Hartley SF: Osteolysis versus osteomyelitis: a clinical case report. J Foot Ankle Surg 36: 294, 1997. ...
Osteolysis is one of the causes that lead to the failure of total joint replacement (TJR). The failure of TJR requires revision ... a variety of cellular responses and genes in multiple pathways associated with the development of the periprosthetic osteolysis ... Osteolysis is one of the causes that lead to the failure of total joint replacement (TJR). The failure of TJR requires revision ... Osteoimmunology, miRNA regulation and genetic risk factors in biomaterial related chronic inflammation and osteolysis in total ...
Distal Clavicular Osteolysis. InStatPearls [Internet] 2022 May 25. StatPearls Publishing.) *↑ Distal clavicular osteolysis ... 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Abdelkader N, Degraauw C. Detailed management of post-traumatic distal clavicle osteolysis in a 24-year ... Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is a rare condition that is more common among athletes and weight lifters, particularly ... X-ray: Plain film X-ray of the AC joint is typically sufficient to evaluate for distal clavicular osteolysis. Imaging of DCO ...
... mechanisms operative in human breast cancer metastases and predicted a therapeutic inhibitor of cancer-mediated osteolysis. ... A Cross-Species Analysis of a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer-Specific Osteolysis and Human Bone Metastases Using Gene Expression ... A Cross-Species Analysis of a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer-Specific Osteolysis and Human Bone Metastases Using Gene Expression ... Wilson TJ, Nannuru KC, Futakuchi M, Sadanandam A, Singh RK: Cathepsin G enhances mammary tumor-induced osteolysis by generating ...
... osteolysis), particularly in the hands and feet. MONA includes a condition formerly called nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis ( ... Multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) describes a rare inherited disease characterized by a loss of bone ... Al Aqeel A, Al Sewairi W, Edress B, Gorlin RJ, Desnick RJ, Martignetti JA.Inherited multicentric osteolysis with arthritis: a ... Castberg FC, Kjaergaard S, Mosig RA, Lobl M, Martignetti C, Martignetti JA,Myrup C, Zak M. Multicentric osteolysis with ...
For Distal Clavicular Osteolysis, the areas affected are usually the distal part of the Clavicle and the AC joint, but other ... Weight-lifters shoulder, or Distal Clavicular Osteolysis, is a painful shoulder injury that occurs when the distal end of the ... A Patients Guide to Weightlifters Shoulder (Distal Clavicular Osteolysis), Houston Methodist (http://www.houstonmethodist.org ...
At the acromioclavicular joint the end of the clavicle can undergo osteolysis. Over time osteolysis of the end of the clavicle ... osteolysis refers to a softening, absorption, and dissolution of bone or the removal or loss of calcium in bone. ... Can osteolysis of the distal clavicle be detected on X-ray?. X-rays can be an effective tool for identifying osteolysis of the ... Osteolysis of the Distal Clavicle. In order to understand osteolysis of the distal clavicle, sometimes called "Weightlifters ...
... assisted total knee replacement surgery is offered to treat osteolysis, knee fracture and damaged prosthesis. Dr Jarman offers ...
Home > Rheumatology > Denosumab promising for osteolysis after total hip replacement Denosumab promising for osteolysis after ... "Here we tested the drug in the setting of osteolysis after hip replacement, a condition that currently has no effective non- ... There were 83% fewer osteoclasts at the osteolysis membrane-bone interface in the denosumab group: median 0.05 per mm versus ... Reuters Health - 20/01/2021 - Denosumab showed biological efficacy against osteolysis after total hip replacement in a proof-of ...
What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis?. E. M. Greenfield*, Joan Bechtold. *Corresponding ... Greenfield, E. M., & Bechtold, J. (2008). What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis? The ... Greenfield, EM & Bechtold, J 2008, What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis?, The Journal of ... What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis?. In: The Journal of the American Academy of ...
Return to Article Details Osteolysis In a Well Fixed Acetabular Cup, Retain or Revise? ...
a. Acro-osteolysis. b. Ergot. c. Nicotine. d. Vinyl chloride. 6. Neurogenic. a. Poliomyelitis. b. Syringomyelia. c. Hemiplegia ...
Weightlifters Shoulder - Distal Clavicle Osteolysis - Resection Surgery Well guys, I havent found any concrete evidence on ...
keywords = "Congenital disorders, Idiopathic carpal tarsal osteolysis, Osteolysis",. author = "Carmichael, {Kelly D.} and ... Idiopathic carpal tarsal osteolysis (ICTO) is a rare congenital disorder that results in the destruction and resorption of bone ... Carmichael KD, Launikitis RA, Kalia A. The orthopedic and renal manifestations of idiopathic carpal tarsal osteolysis. Journal ... The orthopedic and renal manifestations of idiopathic carpal tarsal osteolysis. Kelly D. Carmichael, Robert A. Launikitis, Alok ...
"Impression: Interval vertebral body osteolysis/collapse suggesting neoplasm. Possible L1 lesion. Infection is a diagnosis ... "Impression: Interval vertebral body osteolysis/collapse suggesting neoplasm. Possible L1 lesion. Infection is a diagnosis ...
Background Wear-induced osteolysis may be the main element in reducing the. * Post author By gasyblog ... Osteolysis will end up being thought as a demarcated non-linear osteolytic lesion 3?mm. The measurements will end up being ... Background Wear-induced osteolysis may be the main element in reducing the longevity of total hip arthroplasty (THA). time one ... Osteolysis evaluation We use a high-resolution 3d computed tomography (3D-CT) in addition to detect and gauge the level of the ...
Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody suppresses prostate cancer growth and bone osteolysis in murine models. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 6;10( ... Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody suppresses prostate cancer growth and bone osteolysis in murine models. In: PLoS One. 2015 ; Vol ... Anti-IL-20 monoclonal antibody suppresses prostate cancer growth and bone osteolysis in murine models. / Hsu, Yu Hsiang; Wu, ... We conclude that IL-20 is involved in the cell migration, colony formation, and tumor-induced osteolysis of prostate cancer. ...
A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed thickening of the ear skin; focal tympanal bone osteolysis; partial right ... mastoid air cells and middle-ear cavity opacification; and osteolysis of the occipital, styloid, and mastoid bones consistent ...
Despite its significance, the term bone loss is often misused to describe inflammatory osteolysis, a complication with vastly ... By contrast, osteolysis was less common, presenting more than a year post-operative and often accompanied by additional ... By contrast, osteolysis was less common, presenting more than a year post-operative and often accompanied by additional ... Osteolysis was generally progressive and led to reoperation. Nine articles reported non-inflammatory bone loss in 527 patients ...
Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation.. ...
Clearance of senescent cells by navitoclax (ABT263) rejuvenates UHMWPE-induced osteolysis January 14, 2023 ...
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its variants are genetic disorders resulting from the presence of a mutated form of hemoglobin, hemoglobin S (HbS) (see the image below). The most common form of SCD found in North America is homozygous HbS disease (HbSS), an autosomal recessive disorder first described by Herrick in 1910.
Todd Lanman Presents the Latest Developments in Lumbar Facet Replacement and Periprosthetic Osteolysis Management, 7-Year M6-C ... Todd Lanman Presents the Latest Developments in Lumbar Facet Replacement and Periprosthetic Osteolysis Management, 7-Year M6-C ... Lanman reviewed the clinical and radiographic findings associated with periprosthetic osteolysis. In this rare complication of ...
  • citation needed] Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is often associated with problems weightlifters have with their acromioclavicular joints due to high mechanical stresses put on the clavicle as it meets with the acromion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Distal clavicular osteolysis (DCO) is a rare condition that is more common among athletes and weight lifters, particularly those who engage in frequent overhead motions. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Any patient presenting with AC joint or superior shoulder pain should be evaluated for distal clavicular osteolysis. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Distal clavicular osteolysis is almost exclusively a diagnosis of young athletes and weight lifters, particularly those engaging in repetitive pressing or overhead activities. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Plain film X-ray of the AC joint is typically sufficient to evaluate for distal clavicular osteolysis. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Weight-lifter's shoulder, or Distal Clavicular Osteolysis, is a painful shoulder injury that occurs when the distal end of the Clavicle beings to deteriorate. (philamassages.com)
  • For Distal Clavicular Osteolysis, the areas affected are usually the distal part of the Clavicle and the AC joint, but other surrounding structures can be affected by the inflammation too. (philamassages.com)
  • The medical term for this condition is distal clavicular osteolysis, although weightlifters have coined the term weightlifter's shoulder to describe this shoulder problem. (cathe.com)
  • Wear debris is known to impact on a variety of cellular responses and genes in multiple pathways associated with the development of the periprosthetic osteolysis and chronic inflammation. (edu.au)
  • Fourteen studies reported periprosthetic osteolysis in a total of 46 patients with onset ranging from 15-96 months after the index procedure. (londonspine.com)
  • On the second day of ISASS23, Dr. Lanman reviewed the clinical and radiographic findings associated with periprosthetic osteolysis. (kajnews.com)
  • Anti-oxidation treatment of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene components to decrease periprosthetic osteolysis: evaluation of osteolytic and osteogenic properties of wear debris particles in a murine calvaria model. (rush.edu)
  • Green JM, Hallab NJ, Liao YS, Narayan V, Schwarz EM, Xie C. Anti-oxidation treatment of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene components to decrease periprosthetic osteolysis: evaluation of osteolytic and osteogenic properties of wear debris particles in a murine calvaria model. (rush.edu)
  • In order to understand osteolysis of the distal clavicle , sometimes called " Weightlifter's Shoulder ", it is important to understand the anatomy and function of the shoulder. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • Al-Mayouf SM, Majeed M, Hugosson C, Bahabri S. New form of idiopathic osteolysis: nodulosis, arthropathy and osteolysis (NAO) syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This is the 17th reported case of spinal involvement by this rare type of idiopathic osteolysis. (nih.gov)
  • I was also PI on an investigator initiated study of a biologic for prosthetic hip loosing and the first CT imaging algorithms to quantify peri-prosthetic osteolysis. (rochester.edu)
  • Acro-Osteolysis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • When acro-osteolysis is accompanied by generalized OSTEOPOROSIS and skull deformations, it is called HAJDU-CHENEY SYNDROME. (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Acro-Osteolysis" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Acro-Osteolysis" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Acro-Osteolysis" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • A 59 year old while female with striking carpal and tarsal osteolysis is reported. (nih.gov)
  • Idiopathic carpal tarsal osteolysis (ICTO) is a rare congenital disorder that results in the destruction and resorption of bone, leading to severe functional deficits and cosmetic deformities. (utmb.edu)
  • MONA includes a condition formerly called nodulosis-arthropathy-osteolysis (NAO) syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pamidronate does not improve peripheral osteolysis in multicentric osteolysis and nodular arthropathy caused by a mutation in the matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene. (medscape.com)
  • Distal clavicle osteolysis (DCO) is a pathologic process involving resorption of subchondral bone in the distal clavicle. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging of DCO often demonstrates microcysts, loss of subchondral bone detail, and osteolysis of the distal clavicle. (physio-pedia.com)
  • What are the symptoms of osteolysis of the distal clavicle? (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • Osteolysis of the distal clavicle usually comes on slowly and results in shoulder pain, stiffness and/or swelling. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • Can osteolysis of the distal clavicle be detected on X-ray? (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • X-rays can be an effective tool for identifying osteolysis of the distal clavicle but the bony changes may take weeks or months before they can be seen on an X-ray. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • What is the treatment for osteolysis of the distal clavicle? (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • What other information is available on osteolysis of the distal clavicle? (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • The pertinent literature is reviewed and a simplified classification of idiopathic multicentric osteolysis is presented. (nih.gov)
  • Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis may be sporadic but can demonstrate either dominant or recessive inheritance. (nih.gov)
  • Gorham's disease, the Winchester syndrome, and other osteolytic conditions which may predominantly affect the tarsal and carpal bones most likely are totally different processes, unrelated to idiopathic multicentric osteolysis. (nih.gov)
  • Inherited multicentric osteolysis with arthritis: a variant resembling Torg syndrome in a Saudi family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • An additional cause of DCO was synovial invasion of the subchondral bone, leading to osteolysis. (physio-pedia.com)
  • Using the latest Next Generation Sequencing technologies, we are investigating miRNA expression profiles in human trabecular bone, synovial fluid and plasma sourced from TJR revision surgery where wear particle associated osteolysis was evident. (edu.au)
  • As reported in The Lancet Rheumatology, Dr. Wilkinson and colleagues conducted a phase-2 randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study of patients scheduled for revision surgery for symptomatic osteolysis. (sense-studios.com)
  • On the other hand, osteolysis is less common, presenting more than a year post-operative and often accompanied by additional complications, leading to revision surgery. (londonspine.com)
  • However, several long-term complications of these procedures are well recognized, including polyethylene wear, osteolysis, metal debris synovitis, and fracture of the metal components [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The review highlights the need for clear terminology to distinguish between bone loss and inflammatory osteolysis, as their clinical outcomes and treatment plans differ greatly. (londonspine.com)
  • At the acromioclavicular joint the end of the clavicle can undergo osteolysis. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • Over time osteolysis of the end of the clavicle can result in the loss of 0.5 to 3 cm of bone. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • Intensified symptoms of osteoporosis, including osteolysis of the carpal and tarsal bones, causes destructive changes in the joints of the hands and wrists, as well as in the joints of the tarsus and foot. (medscape.com)
  • Reuters Health - 20/01/2021 - Denosumab showed biological efficacy against osteolysis after total hip replacement in a proof-of-concept trial. (sense-studios.com)
  • There were 83% fewer osteoclasts at the osteolysis membrane-bone interface in the denosumab group: median 0.05 per mm versus 0.30 mm for placebo. (sense-studios.com)
  • The molecular approach of denosumab treatment--inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and activity via blockade of RANK ligand--hits the core pathological mechanism of wear-induced osteolysis," he said. (sense-studios.com)
  • That is, to our understanding, the first scientific trial assessment the efficiency of denosumab in reducing wear-induced osteolysis. (gasyblog.com)
  • Denosumab halts the osteolysis by. (koreamed.org)
  • Osteolysis will end up being thought as a demarcated non-linear osteolytic lesion 3?mm. (gasyblog.com)
  • Osteolysis often occurs in the proximity of a prosthesis that causes either an immunological response or changes in the bone's structural load. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts and can be interpreted as the reverse of ossification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although osteoclasts are active during the natural formation of healthy bone the term "osteolysis" specifically refers to a pathological process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Morphine-induced osteolysis and hypersensitivity is mediated through toll-like receptor-4 in a murine model of metastatic breast cancer. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Using an immunocompetent murine model of metastatic breast cancer, we demonstrated that sustained morphine infusion induced a significant increase in osteolysis and hypersensitivity within the ipsilateral femur through the activation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4). (iasp-pain.org)
  • Pharmacological blockade with TAK242 (resatorvid) as well as the use of a TLR4 genetic knockout ameliorated the chronic morphine-induced osteolysis and hypersensitivity. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Together, these data indicate that morphine induces osteolysis and hypersensitivity that are mediated, in part, through a TLR4 receptor mechanism. (iasp-pain.org)
  • He noted by email that osteolysis is caused by wear particles, and is "a frequent complication of conventional polyethylene bearing surfaces. (sense-studios.com)
  • Treatment of glenoid loosening and bone loss due to osteolysis with glenoid bone grafting. (llu.edu)
  • In total hip replacement, the generally accepted explanation for osteolysis involves wear particles (worn off the contact surface of the artificial ball and socket joint). (wikipedia.org)
  • Macrophage phagocytosis of wear particles induces human biological/physiological responses which eventually lead to bone resorption and Osteolysis. (nist.gov)
  • Although wear remains a problematic issue in THA, its consequences-namely, osteolysis and prosthetic loosening-loom as larger issues. (medscape.com)
  • In vivo, 7E reduced tumor growth, suppressed tumor-mediated osteolysis, and protected bone mineral density after intratibial injection of prostate cancer cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We conclude that IL-20 is involved in the cell migration, colony formation, and tumor-induced osteolysis of prostate cancer. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Osteoprotegerin inhibits osteolysis and decreases skeletal tumor burden in syngeneic and nude mouse models of experimental bone metastasis. (nature.com)
  • Osteolysis can also be associated with the radiographic changes seen in those with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. (wikipedia.org)
  • While bone resorption is commonly associated with many diseases or joint problems, the term osteolysis generally refers to a problem common to artificial joint replacements such as total hip replacements, total knee replacements and total shoulder replacements. (wikipedia.org)
  • The word "osteolysis" refers to a softening, absorption, and dissolution of bone or the removal or loss of calcium in bone. (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • We speculate that the primary causative factor of the fatigue fracture of the base plate due to loss of bony support most likely secondary to osteolysis was varus malalignment at primary implantation. (hindawi.com)
  • Osteolysis may also be caused by pathologies like bone tumors, cysts, or chronic inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • We therefore propose that novel correlations exist between the differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs expressions of multiple signalling pathways in osteolysis/chronic inflammation. (edu.au)
  • Osteolysis is one of the causes that lead to the failure of total joint replacement (TJR). (edu.au)
  • What can cause AC joint osteolysis? (shoulderpaininfo.com)
  • What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis? (usuhs.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'What other biologic and mechanical factors might contribute to osteolysis? (usuhs.edu)
  • citation needed] There are several biological mechanisms which may lead to osteolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterization of the gene expression signature specific to the TB interface in our model revealed signaling mechanisms operative in human breast cancer metastases and predicted a therapeutic inhibitor of cancer-mediated osteolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several animal models have been developed to study the mechanisms governing cancer-mediated osteolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • citation needed] Although osteolysis itself is clinically asymptomatic, it can lead to implant loosening or bone breakage, which in turn causes serious medical problems. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we tested the drug in the setting of osteolysis after hip replacement, a condition that currently has no effective non-surgical treatment. (sense-studios.com)
  • Debate In vitro outcomes of both bisphosphonates and RANKL AMG 900 inhibitors have already been promising, showing decreased osteolysis with treatment. (gasyblog.com)
  • Osteolysis has been reported to occur as early as 12 months after implantation and is usually progressive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation. (bvsalud.org)