Osteoclasts. Medical search

A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.

Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B and OSTEOPROTEGERIN. It plays an important role in regulating OSTEOCLAST differentiation and activation.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that is specific for RANK LIGAND and plays a role in bone homeostasis by regulating osteoclastogenesis. It is also expressed on DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in regulating dendritic cell survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.

A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.

A cysteine protease that is highly expressed in OSTEOCLASTS and plays an essential role in BONE RESORPTION as a potent EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX-degrading enzyme.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

A mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) synthesized by mesenchymal cells. The compound stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. M-CSF is a disulfide-bonded glycoprotein dimer with a MW of 70 kDa. It binds to a specific high affinity receptor (RECEPTOR, MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR).

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of highly conserved calcineurin- and DNA-binding domains. NFAT proteins are activated in the CYTOPLASM by the calcium-dependent phosphatase CALCINEURIN. They transduce calcium signals to the nucleus where they can interact with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 or NF-KAPPA B and initiate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of GENES involved in CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development. NFAT proteins stimulate T-CELL activation through the induction of IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENES such as INTERLEUKIN-2.

Proton-translocating ATPases that are involved in acidification of a variety of intracellular compartments.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.

Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.

A peptide hormone that lowers calcium concentration in the blood. In humans, it is released by thyroid cells and acts to decrease the formation and absorptive activity of osteoclasts. Its role in regulating plasma calcium is much greater in children and in certain diseases than in normal adults.

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.

Cell surface receptors that bind TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells.

A group of lysosomal proteinases or endopeptidases found in aqueous extracts of a variety of animal tissues. They function optimally within an acidic pH range. The cathepsins occur as a variety of enzyme subtypes including SERINE PROTEASES; ASPARTIC PROTEINASES; and CYSTEINE PROTEASES.

A receptor for MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene (GENES, FMS). It contains an intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity. When activated the receptor undergoes autophosphorylation, phosphorylation of down-stream signaling molecules and rapid down-regulation.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Agents that inhibit BONE RESORPTION and/or favor BONE MINERALIZATION and BONE REGENERATION. They are used to heal BONE FRACTURES and to treat METABOLIC BONE DISEASES such as OSTEOPOROSIS.

The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A nonhormonal medication for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. This drug builds healthy bone, restoring some of the bone loss as a result of osteoporosis.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Diseases of BONES.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

A signal transducing tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor that is involved in regulation of NF-KAPPA B signalling and activation of JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES.

X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

A negatively-charged extracellular matrix protein that plays a role in the regulation of BONE metabolism and a variety of other biological functions. Cell signaling by osteopontin may occur through a cell adhesion sequence that recognizes INTEGRIN ALPHA-V BETA-3.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.

The physiologically active form of vitamin D. It is formed primarily in the kidney by enzymatic hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (CALCIFEDIOL). Its production is stimulated by low blood calcium levels and parathyroid hormone. Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus, and in concert with parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

Parent cells in the lineage that gives rise to MONOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.

An integrin beta subunit of approximately 85-kDa in size which has been found in INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB-containing and INTEGRIN ALPHAV-containing heterodimers. Integrin beta3 occurs as three alternatively spliced isoforms, designated beta3A-C.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.

Fusion of somatic cells in vitro or in vivo, which results in somatic cell hybridization.

Membrane-associated tyrosine-specific kinases encoded by the c-src genes. They have an important role in cellular growth control. Truncation of carboxy-terminal residues in pp60(c-src) leads to PP60(V-SRC) which has the ability to transform cells. This kinase pp60 c-src should not be confused with csk, also known as c-src kinase.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates the CELL DIFFERENTIATION and development of a variety of cell types including MELANOCYTES; OSTEOCLASTS; and RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Mutations in MITF protein have been associated with OSTEOPETROSIS and WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.

An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.

Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells; often associated with viral infections. In AIDS, they are induced when the envelope glycoprotein of the HIV virus binds to the CD4 antigen of uninfected neighboring T4 cells. The resulting syncytium leads to cell death and thus may account for the cytopathic effect of the virus.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

Tumors of bone tissue or synovial or other soft tissue characterized by the presence of giant cells. The most common are giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and GIANT CELL TUMOR OF BONE.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Murine matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene. 5'-upstream region contains cis-acting elements for expression in osteoclasts and migrating keratinocytes in transgenic mice. (1/2998)

Knowledge about the regulation of cell lineage-specific expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases is limited. In the present work, the murine matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene was shown to contain 13 exons, and the 2.8-kilobase pair upstream region was found to contain several common promoter elements including a TATA box-like motif, three GC boxes, four AP-1-like binding sites, an AP-2 site, and three PEA3 consensus sequences that may be important for basic activity of the gene. In order to identify cell-specific regulatory elements, constructs containing varying lengths of the upstream region in front of a LacZ reporter gene were made and studied for expression in transgenic mice generated by microinjection into fertilized oocytes. Analyses of the mice revealed that the presence of sequences between -2722 and -7745 allowed for expression in osteoclasts and migrating keratinocytes, i. e. cells that have been shown to normally express the enzyme in vivo. The results represent the first in vivo demonstration of the location of cell-specific control elements in a matrix metalloproteinase gene and show that element(s) regulating most cell-specific activities of 92-kDa type collagenase are located in the -2722 to -7745 base pair region. (+info)

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 correct osteopetrosis in mice with osteopetrosis mutation. (2/2998)

Although young mice homozygous for the osteopetrosis (op) mutation usually developed prominent osteopetrosis, its severity was markedly reduced in aged op/op mice. This age-associated reversal of osteopetrosis was accompanied by the expansion of bone marrow cavities and increased numbers of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells and of macrophages in the bone marrow. The TRAP-positive cells were mononuclear and developed ruffled borders and numerous vesicles, vacuoles, and granules. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated a significant elevation of serum granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-3 levels in the aged op/op mice. To examine whether GM-CSF and/or IL-3 could correct osteopetrosis in young op/op mice, 5 ng of recombinant murine (rm)GM-CSF and/or 100 ng of rmIL-3 were injected daily into young op/op mice. In these treated young op/op mice, the bone marrow cavities were expanded significantly at 2 weeks after administration, associated with significantly increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells and bone marrow macrophages. TRAP-positive cells increased in number with days after injection. These results suggest that GM-CSF and IL-3 induce the development of osteoclasts to correct osteopetrosis in the op/op mice with aging. (+info)

Midpalatal suture of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice exhibits immature fusion. (3/2998)

The midpalatal suture was observed histologically in both toothless osteopetrotic (op/op) and normal (control) mice. The normal mice had a mature sutural structure, which consists of a well-developed cartilage cell zone and palatal bone. In contrast, the thickness of the cartilage cell zone was substantially greater in the op/op mice than that in the controls. Moreover, the cartilage cells in the op/op mice were frequently found in the palatal bone as well as in the sutural space, exhibiting an imperfect fusion. It seems that immature fusion at the sutural interface in the op/op mice is related to a decrease in biting or masticatory force accompanied by the failure of tooth eruption in addition to an essential defect in osteoclast differentiation, which is a congenital symptom in op/op mice. (+info)

A novel role of IL-15 in the development of osteoclasts: inability to replace its activity with IL-2. (4/2998)

IL-15 shares many activities with IL-2 on stimulating lymphocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells, and macrophages. However, the role of IL-15 in osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated. The recent finding of abundant IL-15 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids suggested a possible role for this cytokine in the pathological destruction of bone and prompted us to determine whether IL-15 stimulates osteoclast formation. IL-15 stimulated the formation of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells in rat bone marrow cultures. In stroma-free cultures, IL-15 increased the number of mononuclear preosteoclast-like cells in the early stage of osteoclast formation. The stimulation was observed even after treatment with IL-15 for only 24 or 48 h of culture. Moreover, low IL-15 concentration (0.1 ng/ml) strongly increased the level of calcitonin receptor mRNA of mononuclear preosteoclast-like cells. Although IL-15 is known as a potent stimulator of TNF-alpha, its activity was not abolished by addition of anti-TNF-alpha Ab. Interestingly, IL-2 and IL-7, which utilize some IL-15R components, had no effect on osteoclast differentiation, but pretreatment with IL-2 or IL-7 of bone marrow cells before the addition of IL-15 inhibited the enhancing activity of IL-15. In summary, IL-15 has a novel activity to stimulate the differentiation of osteoclast progenitors into preosteoclasts, which cannot be replaced by IL-2 but may use components in common with IL-2R to mediate its effects. (+info)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. (5/2998)

A receptor that mediates osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and activation has been identified via genomic analysis of a primary osteoclast precursor cell cDNA library and is identical to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family member RANK. The RANK mRNA was highly expressed by isolated bone marrow-derived osteoclast progenitors and by mature osteoclasts in vivo. Recombinant OPGL binds specifically to RANK expressed by transfected cell lines and purified osteoclast progenitors. Transgenic mice expressing a soluble RANK-Fc fusion protein have severe osteopetrosis because of a reduction in osteoclasts, similar to OPG transgenic mice. Recombinant RANK-Fc binds with high affinity to OPGL in vitro and blocks osteoclast differentiation and activation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, polyclonal Ab against the RANK extracellular domain promotes osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cultures suggesting that RANK activation mediates the effects of OPGL on the osteoclast pathway. These data indicate that OPGL-induced osteoclastogenesis is directly mediated through RANK on osteoclast precursor cells. (+info)

Morphological changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors of mouse maxillary incisors after the experimental induction of anterior crossbite: a light and electron microscopic observation using immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5. (6/2998)

Ruffini nerve endings (mechanoreceptors) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of mouse incisors were examined to elucidate whether experimentally-induced crossbites cause any changes or abnormalities in their morphology and distribution. Anterior guiding planes were attached to the mandibular incisors of 3-week-old C3H/HeSlc mice. At 3 days and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-attachment of the appliance, the mice were sacrificed by perfusion fixation. Frozen sagittal cryostat sections of the decalcified maxillary incisors were processed for immunohistochemistry of protein gene product 9.5, followed by histochemical determination of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity to reveal sites of alveolar bone resorption. Despite the absence of bone resorption within the lingual PDL of control mice, distinct resorption sites were seen in the respective regions of the experimental animals. Unlike the controls, many Ruffini endings showing vague and swollen contours, with unusually long and pedunculated micro-projections were observed in the affected lingual PDL of the incisors in the experimental animals with short-term anterior crossbite induction. Club-shaped nerve terminations with few, if any, micro-projections were observed in the lingual PDL of experimental animals with long-term induction, as well as in aged control mouse incisors. Differences in the distribution of Ruffini endings were also observed. These results indicate that changing the direction of the force applied to the PDL results in rapid and prolonged changes in the morphology of Ruffini-like mechanoreceptors. (+info)

Study of the cell biology and biochemistry of cherubism. (7/2998)

AIMS: To establish whether the multinucleate cells in lesions of patients with cherubism are also osteoclasts and if this is the case whether they were responsive to calcitonin; to carry out cytogenetic studies on two members of the same family affected by cherubism in an attempt to identify any major chromosomal defects; and to perform an in-depth modern biochemical study of four children in the same family. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four related children with cherubism were studied. Tissue taken from one of the children at elective decompression of an optic nerve was submitted to in vitro bone resorption studies. Cytogenetic studies were done on two of the children and biochemical studies on all four. RESULTS: The multinucleate cells in the cherubic lesions were shown to be osteoclasts since they synthesised tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, expressed the vitronectin receptor, and resorbed bone. Bone resorption by the cultured multinucleate cells was significantly inhibited by calcitonin. High resolution cytogenetic studies failed to detect any chromosomal abnormalities in two children with cherubism. The biochemistry profile of all four children with cherubism showed that serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, parathyroid related hormone, calcitonin, and alkaline phosphatase were within normal levels. Urine analysis of pyridinium and deoxypyridinium cross links, hydroxyproline, and calcium in relation to urine creatinine were measured to assess bone resorption in these children, and the values were at the upper end of the normal range in all four. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are required to determine whether calcitonin treatment will control this grossly deforming disease until the time when the physiological changes that occur at puberty rectify the pathology. It is not recommended that biochemical markers of bone resorption are used in isolation to monitor the activity of cherubism in individuals because the results are based on a small number of children and because of reports of marked interindividual variation in the levels of these markers, particularly in children. (+info)

Promoter structure of mouse RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene. (8/2998)

Receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/tumor necrosis factor-related activation induced cytokine (TRANCE)/osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL)/osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) is a membrane-bound signal transducer responsible for differentiation and maintenance of osteoclasts. To elucidate the mechanism regulating RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene expression, we cloned the 5'-flanking basic promoter region of the mouse RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene and characterized it by transient transfection studies and genomic Southern blot analysis. Inverted TATA- and CAAT-boxes and a putative Cbfa1/Osf2/AML3 binding domain constituted the basic promoter structure. The repeated half-sites for the vitamin D3 (VitD3) and glucocorticoid receptors were located at -935 and -640, respectively. Transient transfection studies revealed that short-term treatment with 1alpha,25(OH)2 VitD3 or dexamethasone increased luciferase activity up to 204% and 178%, respectively; on the other hand, treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not affect the promoter activity. Since the expression of Cbfa1/Osf2/AML3 is also regulated by VitD3, 1alpha,25(OH)2 VitD3 might affect RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene expression both directly and indirectly. CpG methylation was observed dominantly in mouse stromal cells, ST2, of a later passage which ceased to support in vitro osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that the methylation status of the CpG loci in the RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene promoter may be one of the influential cis-regulating factors. (+info)

Chappard D, Alexandre C, Riffat G (1983). "Histochemical identification of osteoclasts. Review of current methods and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACP2

Bone resorption is carried out by specialized bone cells known as osteoclasts. A surge in osteoclast activity can lead to ... Teitelbaum, Steven L. (Sep 2000). "Bone Resorption by Osteoclasts". Science. 289 (5484): 1504-1508. Bibcode:2000Sci...289.1504T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_hypercalcinuria

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, and along with osteoblasts and osteocytes form the structural components of bone. In the ... Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that derive from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow which also give rise to ... Loutit, J.F.; Nisbet, N.W. (January 1982). "The Origin of Osteoclasts". Immunobiology. 161 (3-4): 193-203. doi:10.1016/S0171- ... Jones, S.J.; Boyde, A. (December 1977). "Some morphological observations on osteoclasts". Cell and Tissue Research. 185 (3): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoblast

Attachment of the osteoclast to the osteon begins the process. The osteoclast then induces an infolding of its cell membrane ... Calcitonin decreases osteoclast activity, and decreases the formation of new osteoclasts, resulting in decreased resorption. ... The osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that contain numerous mitochondria and lysosomes. These are the cells responsible for ... Osteoclasts are prominent in the tissue destruction found in psoriatic arthritis and rheumatological disorders. The human body ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_resorption

PGE2 upregulates bone resorption by osteoclasts and their levels are higher in patients with periodontal disease than in ... "Osteoclasts - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics". Wheelessonline.com. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2015-05-06. "Subantimicrobial Dose ... This dosage of doxycycline has cytokine and osteoclasts inhibitory action rather than being antimicrobial. Enamel Matrix ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_modulatory_therapy

Many believed osteoclasts and osteoblasts came from the same progenitor cell. Because of this, osteoclasts were thought to be ... Non-osteoclast MGCs can arise in response to an infection, such as from tuberculosis, herpes, or HIV, or foreign body. These ... Osteoclasts are the most prominent examples of MGCs and are responsible for the resorption of bones in the body. Like other ... Osteoclasts were discovered in 1873. However, it wasn't until the development of the organ culture in the 1970's that their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_cell

Syncytin-1 is a Class I fusogen involved in the fusion of cells to form osteoclasts in humans. During the early actions of ... Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells. They are formed by the fusion of differentiated monocytes, much like ... However, the molecules that induce fusion-competence in macrophages that are destined to become osteoclasts are different from ... For instance, transcription factor NFATC1 regulates genes that are specific to osteoclast differentiation. Zygote formation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_mechanism

CT works by activating the G-proteins Gs and Gq often found on osteoclasts, on cells in the kidney, and on cells in a number of ... Nishikawa T, Ishikawa H, Yamamoto S, Koshihara Y (September 1999). "A novel calcitonin receptor gene in human osteoclasts from ... Chambers TJ, Magnus CJ (January 1982). "Calcitonin alters behaviour of isolated osteoclasts". The Journal of Pathology. 136 (1 ... "Regulation of calcitonin receptor by glucocorticoid in human osteoclast-like cells prepared in vitro using receptor activator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin_receptor

In contrast, osteoclasts break down bone tissue to increase blood calcium levels if they are low. This activity is performed ... In animals, eldecalcitol inhibits the activity of osteoclasts for the function to reduce bone degradation for calcium, while ... Matsuo K, Irie N (May 2008). "Osteoclast-osteoblast communication". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 473 (2): 201-9. ... where the body constantly maintains this calcium homeostasis through osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Osteoblast activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldecalcitol

... is constantly remodeled by the resorption of osteoclasts and created by osteoblasts. Osteoclasts are large cells with ... and can bind to receptors on osteoclasts to directly inhibit osteoclast activity. Osteoprotegerin is secreted by osteoblasts ... Osteoclasts are very large multinucleate cells that are responsible for the breakdown of bones by the process of bone ... Because the osteoclasts are derived from a monocyte stem-cell lineage, they are equipped with phagocytic-like mechanisms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone

For instance, PTH also indirectly stimulates osteoclasts. However, the main effect of PTH is to increase the rate at which the ... which in turn activates osteoclasts. Calcitriol acts in concert with parathyroid hormone (PTH) in all three of these roles. ... intestinal uptake causes bone to take up more calcium than it loses by hormonal stimulation of osteoclasts. Only when there are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitriol

Therefore, by inhibiting osteoclasts, it prevents osteoporosis. When tamoxifen was launched as a drug, it was thought that ... September 2007). "Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts". Cell. ... "Estrogen protects bone by inducing Fas ligand in osteoblasts to regulate osteoclast survival". The EMBO Journal. 27 (3): 535- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoxifen

... lowers blood calcium and phosphorus mainly through its inhibition of osteoclasts. Osteoblasts do not have calcitonin ... Inhibits osteoclast activity in bones, which break down the bone Minor effect: Inhibits renal tubular cell reabsorption of Ca2+ ... The calcitonin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor localized to osteoclasts as well kidney and brain cells. It is coupled ... "Abundant calcitonin receptors in isolated rat osteoclasts. Biochemical and autoradiographic characterization". J. Clin. Invest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin

It is postulated that osteoclasts are the cells responsible for the resorption of the root surface. Osteoclasts can break down ... Damage to the periodontal ligament can lead to RANKL release activating osteoclasts. Osteoclasts in close proximity to the root ... Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is also secreted by osteoclasts and stromal cells; this inhibits RANKL and therefore osteoclast activity ... The pulp must be vital below the area of resorption to provide osteoclasts with nutrients. If the pulp becomes totally necrosed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_resorption

Dougall WC (January 2012). "Molecular pathways: osteoclast-dependent and osteoclast-independent roles of the RANKL/RANK/OPG ... another regulator of osteoclastogenesis in osteoclast precursor cells and an autocrine signal for mature osteoclast cell death ... Mature osteoclasts then bind to bone through tight junctions and release digestive enzymes to resorb the old bone. As bone is ... During resorption osteoclasts release nutrients such as growth factors and calcium from the mineralised bone matrix which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoprotegerin

TRAP is associated with osteoclast migration to bone resorption sites, and, once there, TRAP is believed to initiate osteoclast ... In osteoclasts, ROS are generated at the ruffled border and seem to be required for resorption and degradation to occur. In the ... In osteoclasts, TRAP is localized within the ruffled border area, the lysosomes, the Golgi cisternae and vesicles. Mammalian ... Modulation of osteoclast adhesion in vitro". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (21): 14853-14856. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartrate-resistant_acid_phosphatase

Specifically, OPN anchors osteoclasts to the surface of bones where it is immobilized by its mineral-binding properties ... OPN serves to initiate the process by which osteoclasts develop their ruffled borders to begin bone resorption. OPN contains ... Merry K, Dodds R, Littlewood A, Gowen M (April 1993). "Expression of osteopontin mRNA by osteoclasts and osteoblasts in ... OPN expression in bone predominantly occurs by osteoblasts and osteocyctes (bone-forming cells) as well as osteoclasts (bone- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopontin

NOTCH2 is also shown to regulate RANK-L osteoclastogenesis, which is the production of functional osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajdu–Cheney_syndrome

In this case, cutting cones, which consists of osteoclasts, form across the fracture lines, generating cavities at a rate of 50 ... The trabecular bone is first resorbed by osteoclasts, creating a shallow resorption pit known as a "Howship's lacuna". Then ... IL-6 promotes differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. All cells within the blood clot degenerate and die. Within this ... Collagen fibers of woven bone Osteoclast displaying many nuclei within its "foamy" cytoplasm. Light micrograph of decalcified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_healing

Vibrations from travel also break down the osteoclasts. A group of individuals launched a campaign on the website Experiment. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Bub

1996) Human osteoclast formation and bone resorption by monocytes and synovial macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum ... With TJ Chambers he developed the osteoclast lacunar bone resorption assay system. His work was the first to show that the ... His work on hip and knee implants focused on the importance of biomaterial wear particles on promoting osteoclast formation, ... 1984). Resorption of bone by isolated rabbit osteoclasts. J Cell Science 66: 383 - 399 PMID 6746762 Athanasou NA, Quinn J. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Athanasou

MafB gene activation suppresses the formation of osteoclasts. Thus, upregulation of LAP diminishes the number of osteoclasts, ... Inhibition of the expression of mTOR can stop osteoclast activity. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins are often involved in growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCAAT-enhancer-binding_proteins

... osteoclast recruitment and osteoclast function. This type of drug has a high affinity for hydroxyapatite and stays in bone ... The inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, precipitated by drug therapy, leads to decreased bone resorption and ... It inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activation, reduces bone resorption, improves bone density and lessens skeletal- ... It is also thought that bisphosphonates bind to osteoclasts and interfere with the remodeling mechanism in bone. To be more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication-related_osteonecrosis_of_the_jaw

Bones are made of cells called osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Two different kinds of bone resorption are possible: direct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_braces

The function of osteoclasts depends on them for a variety of cellular processes like apoptosis. Bisphosphonates mimic the ... This does not concern other cells in the bone as this takes place by a selective uptake of osteoclasts. The common function ... Bisphosphonates reduce breakdown of bones by inhibiting osteoclasts, they have a long history of use and today there are a few ... The ATP analogue accumulates in the cytosol of the osteoclast with a cytotoxic effect. The primary mechanism of action of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_bisphosphonates

"Active NMDA glutamate receptors are expressed by mammalian osteoclasts". The Journal of Physiology. 518 (Pt 1): 47-53. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenidine

Osteoclast activity is stopped and osteoblasts take over, utilising the excess calcium in the bloodstream to form new bone. ... In the bones, the presence of PTH stimulates osteoclasts. These cells break down bone to release calcium into the bloodstream ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_cycle

"Inhibitors of Osteoclast Differentiation fromCephalotaxus koreana". Journal of Natural Products. 70 (12): 2029-32. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechin-7-O-glucoside

Alendronate inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone-resorption. Like all bisphosphonates, it is chemically related to inorganic ... Further, studies suggest that users of alendronate have an increase in the numbers of osteoclasts and develop giant, more ... Weinstein RS, Roberson PK, Manolagas SC (January 2009). "Giant osteoclast formation and long-term oral bisphosphonate therapy ... multinucleated osteoclasts; the significance of this development is unclear. Fosamax has been linked to a rare type of leg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alendronic_acid

Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OSCAR gene. Osteoclasts are ... "Entrez Gene: OSCAR osteoclast-associated receptor". Pupello DF, Lipton M, Shumway NE (1976). "An unusual case of a bullet ... Kim N, Takami M, Rho J, Josien R, Choi Y (Jan 2002). "A novel member of the leukocyte receptor complex regulates osteoclast ... This gene encodes an osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), which is a member of the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCAR_(gene)

This picture shows a normal osteoclast. It is a large cell with separately identifiable, multiple nuclei. Osteoclasts are ... This picture shows a normal osteoclast. It is a large cell with separately identifiable, multiple nuclei. Osteoclasts are ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1481.htm

Human osteoclasts and osteoclast-like cells synthesize and release high basal and inflammatory stimulated levels of the potent ... we report here for the first time that human bone marrow-derived osteoclast-like cells (hOCL) as well as authentic bone- ... resorbing human osteoclasts (hOC) isolated from osteoporotic femoral heads express messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-8 and secrete ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9751519/?dopt=Abstract

IL-1b produced in response to treatment with both MSU and RANKL is involved in osteoclast differentiation in part through the ... RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were incubated with MSU crystals or RANKL and differentiated into osteoclast-like cells as ... MSU crystals in the presence of RANKL augmented osteoclast differentiation, with enhanced mRNA expression of NFATc1, cathepsin ... Treatment with both MSU crystals and RANKL induced osteoclast differentiation by activating downstream molecules in the RANKL- ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2015/597512/

Medaka Osteoclast g b v y [ W , u ڂ v ł̎ y [ W ...

https://iss.jaxa.jp/kiboexp/theme/second/medakaosteoclast/naiyou.html

Osteoclast function was tested in isolated avian osteoclasts and was measured in terms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( ... Osteoclast function was tested in isolated avian osteoclasts and was measured in terms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( ... This cessation of osteoclast activity may be an essential preliminary step to the new bone formation that occurs at resorption ... This cessation of osteoclast activity may be an essential preliminary step to the new bone formation that occurs at resorption ...

https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360851/

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors in response to receptor activator of nuclear ... N2 - Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors in response to receptor activator of ... AB - Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors in response to receptor activator of ... abstract = "Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors in response to receptor activator ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/strawberry-notch-homologue-2-regulates-osteoclast-fusion-by-enhan

TSC1 regulates osteoclast podosome organization and bone resorption through mTORC1 and Rac1/Cdc42. In: Cell Death and ... TSC1 regulates osteoclast podosome organization and bone resorption through mTORC1 and Rac1/Cdc42. / Xu, Song; Zhang, Yue; Wang ... TSC1 regulates osteoclast podosome organization and bone resorption through mTORC1 and Rac1/Cdc42. Cell Death and ... N2 - Reorganization of the podosome into the sealing zone is crucial for osteoclasts (OCLs) to resorb bone, but the underlying ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/tsc1-regulates-osteoclast-podosome-organization-and-bone-resorpti

LCA is evident on the surface of fetal human osteoclasts in bone imprints and cryostat sections. LCA was also found on ... The intensity and pattern of osteoclast reactivity were similar to those of foreign-body type macrophage polykaryons in ... These results favour derivation of osteoclasts and their precursors from the multipotential haemopoietic stem cell which ... the presence of LCA on osteoclasts in both fetal and adult human bone specimens has been determined by immunohistochemistry. ...

https://www.ndorms.ox.ac.uk/publications/107579?da9d90aa-7097-11ed-be42-064cbb69e63c

... Li Duan1,2. , Paul de Vos3. , Marijke Faas3. , ... IkappaBalpha regulates Hes1 in osteoclast differentiation and resorption. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed) 2010, 2(3), 1065-1072. ... During osteoclast differentiation and resorption, both NF-kappaB and Notch signalling are activated. This study defines the ... The number of cells that differentiated into osteoclasts was quantified. The resorption area was measured. NF-kappaB ...

https://www.imrpress.com/journal/fbe/2/3/10.2741/E164

Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling * Modeling the interactions between ... Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling * Modeling the interactions between ... Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling * Modeling the interactions between ... Modeling the interactions between osteoblast and osteoclast activities in bone remodeling * Modeling the interactions between ...

https://models.cellml.org/exposure/73aca737d34378a6195760b5164a0dd4/lemaire_tobin_greller_cho_suva_2004_d.cellml/cellml_codegen

Durdan, M. M., Azaria, R. D., & Weivoda, M. M. (2022). Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to bone ... Durdan, MM, Azaria, RD & Weivoda, MM 2022, Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to bone formation, ... Durdan, Margaret M. ; Azaria, Ruth D. ; Weivoda, Megan M. / Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to ... Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to bone formation. / Durdan, Margaret M.; Azaria, Ruth D.; ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/novel-insights-into-the-coupling-of-osteoclasts-and-resorption-to

To investigate how osteoclasts develop around implanted OCP, we examined osteoclast differentiation using OCP crystals in vitro ... To investigate how osteoclasts develop around implanted OCP, we examined osteoclast differentiation using OCP crystals in vitro ... To investigate how osteoclasts develop around implanted OCP, we examined osteoclast differentiation using OCP crystals in vitro ... To investigate how osteoclasts develop around implanted OCP, we examined osteoclast differentiation using OCP crystals in vitro ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/osteoclast-differentiation-induced-by-synthetic-octacalcium-phosp

HomePosts tagged "Osteoclasts". Obesity Increases Risk of Gum Disease, Destruction of Jaw Bone Tissues. Articles November 17, ...

https://www.tangoherbs.com/tag/osteoclasts/

Chris Woollams Health Watch is an evidence-based, information-only website. We produce short synopses of the latest research in easy-to-understand language. We do NOT answer questions about individual illnesses. However, you can leave comments about the website. Importantly, people with cancer should go to www.canceractive.com People with cancer may apply to be buddied by Chris Woollams in a Personal ...

https://chriswoollamshealthwatch.com/tag/osteoclasts/

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells.. Authors: Valand, A G. Ramraje, Sushma N. Pandeya, B S. Shedge, ... Valand AG, Ramraje SN, Pandeya BS, Shedge R, Aware S. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. Journal of ... A case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is reported. This is an unusual malignant thyroid ... Pleomorphic cells and tumour giant cells were accompanied by numerous osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/88090

Osteoclasts were differentiated in vitro from CD14 selected monocytes in RANKL and CSF-1, and characterized by cathepsin K ... NO inhibits or kills osteoclasts, but the mechanism of action of NO in human bone turnover is not clear. To address this, we ... We conclude that NO is produced by human osteoclasts and regulates acid secretion and cellular motility, in keeping with ... Cell attachment was labeled with monoclonal antibody 23C6, specific for a binding domain of a key osteoclast attachment protein ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/246426

The osteoclasts now come in and remodel the bone, reshaping it to its proper form. They break down and digest excess bone in a ... This balance between building bone and breaking it down is called bone homeostasis: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are equally ... There is a better way! Incorporate the osteoclast technique into your presentation! ...

https://www.speakschmeak.com/2020/08/your-presentation-needs-osteoclasts.html

Modeling role of ER in transcellular calcium flux in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Lookup NU author(s): Dr Harish Datta ...

https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/150328

The interaction between myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to the activation of osteoclasts and ... Osteopontin is a non-collagenous bone matrix glycoprotein secreted by osteoclasts and is implicated both in osteoclast ... Osteoclast precursors expressing BTK and CXCR4 migrate towards SDF-1α and, in turn, SDF-1α induces BTK activation in MM cells58 ... The mature osteoclasts attach to the bone surface in order to become activated and the bone resorption process is initiated18. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41408-017-0037-4?error=cookies_not_supported

Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of myeloid lineage responsible for bone resorption. The anti-inflammatory property of ... CAPE (From Propolis) Inhibits Osteoclasts. Abstract. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF ... Finally, CAPE significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in mouse calvariae in vivo. We propose that CAPE ... Since the regulatory mechanism of differentiation and activation of osteoclasts shares many well-known signaling pathways with ...

https://osteoporosis-studies.com/cape-inhibits-osteoclasts/

Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppressed differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose- ... Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppressed differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose- ... Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppressed differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose- ... Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppressed differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose- ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/pepstatin-a-an-aspartic-proteinase-inhibitor-suppresses-rankl-ind

PTH activates osteoclasts. Osteoclast activation results in bone resorption and a release of ionized calcium into the ECF. ... The effect of PTH on osteoclasts seems more important than the effect on osteoblasts. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/122207-155666/what-are-the-sexual-predilections-of-hypoparathyroidism

Light, a TNF-superfamily member, induces osteoclast formation in vitro; A novel mediator of bone resorption? ... Light, a TNF-superfamily member, induces osteoclast formation in vitro; A novel mediator of bone resorption? ...

https://www.nds.ox.ac.uk/publications/103946

Further, osteoclast precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. ... Further, osteoclast precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. ... Further, osteoclast precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. ... Further, osteoclast precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. ...

https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/inactivation-of-glycogen-synthase-kinase-3%CE%B2-is-required-for-osteo

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Recently the osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), better termed RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand), expressed ... MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cells did not act as surrogate osteoblasts to support osteoclast formation in coculture experiments ... osteoclast formation resulted without the addition of any osteotropic agents; cocultures with MCF-7 or MCF-7 cells transfected ... which were associated with increased osteoclast formation, elevated plasma PTHrP concentrations and hypercalcaemia compared ...

https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/429435

Regulation of Osteoclast Activity. Shortcut Guy Regulation This fourth film in our bone biology series focuses on the link ... osteoclasts, osteoprotegerin, parathyroid hormone, precursor cells, PTH, rank, rank ligand, rankl, research, resorption, ...

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Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-osteoclastic agents ... Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-osteoclastic agents ... Osteoclasts also accompany undifferentiated carcinomas of many organs, especially pancreas, thyroid, bladder and ovary. ... Osteoclasts also accompany undifferentiated carcinomas of many organs, especially pancreas, thyroid, bladder and ovary. ...

https://www.por-journal.com/articles/10.3389/pore.2021.609472/full

Osteopetrosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the failure of osteoclasts to resorb bone. As a consequence, bone ... Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science. 2000 Sep 1. 289(5484):1504-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/123968-differential

Rat OSCAR (Osteoclast Associated Receptor) ELISA Kit. E-EL-R0698 Regular price $580.00. $499.00 You Pay ...

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Bone remodeling consists of resorption by osteoclasts (OCs) and formation by osteoblasts (OBs). (elsevier.com)
Coculturing of mouse bone marrow cells and osteoblasts in OCP-coated cell culture plates induced osteoclast differentiation, whereas that did not occur without coating. (elsevier.com)
In the presence of OCP, osteoblasts expressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), an osteoclast differentiation factor. (elsevier.com)
These results suggest that OCP itself decreases calcium levels around implanted OCP, which induces osteoclast differentiation through RANKL expression by osteoblasts. (elsevier.com)
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are equally important in the process of maintaining healthy bone, not just when bones are broken, but throughout our lives. (speakschmeak.com)
The interaction between myeloma cells and the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to the activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts, resulting in bone loss. (nature.com)
Bone remodeling takes place in the basic multicellular unit (BMU), which consists of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes within the bone-remodeling cavity. (nature.com)
Although the role of GSK-3β in osteoblasts is well characterized as a negative regulator of β-catenin, its effect on osteoclast formation remains largely unidentified. (elsevier.com)
Breast cancer cells interact with osteoblasts to support osteoclast formation. (ox.ac.uk)
Recently the osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), better termed RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand), expressed by osteoblasts has been cloned as well as its cognate signaling receptor, receptor activator of NFkappaB (RANK), and a secreted decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) that limits RANKL's biological action. (ox.ac.uk)
MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T47D cells did not act as surrogate osteoblasts to support osteoclast formation in coculture experiments, a result consistent with the fact that they do not express RANKL. (ox.ac.uk)
Osteoclast is a specialized cell that originates from monocytic lineage, communicates closely with osteoblasts under physiological conditions, participates in bone modeling and re-modeling, contributes to calcium homeostasis and osteoimmunity. (por-journal.com)
Vitamin D3, zinc, and boron all help, but new studies have shown that certain plant compounds can selectively inhibit osteoclasts and stimulate osteoblasts, thus making bone much stronger. (newsmax.com)
One of the best of these compounds is baicalein, which inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts in a significant way. (newsmax.com)
The administration of the low doses of C. asiatica extract affects the number of osteocytes and osteoclasts but not osteoblasts in ovariectomized rats. (innovareacademics.in)
Estrogen protects bone by inducing fas ligand in osteoblasts to regulate osteoclast survival. (innovareacademics.in)
Old bone is drawn upon to supply instant demands for calcium (osteoclasts) and is replaced by new bone material (osteoblasts) to keep the skeleton strong. (healthandwellnesstimes.com)
while osteoblasts/cytes have alk phosphatase to aid in mineralization, osteoclasts have acid phosphatase. (orthonet.on.ca)
With time, the Bonefill is partially remodeled through the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, being a viable alternative to autologous bone in defects suitable for its use and indication. (dentrealstore.com)

This study revealed that MSU crystals contribute to enhanced osteoclast formation through activation of RANKL-mediated pathways and recruitment of IL-1b. (hindawi.com)

Although macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells are considered the primary sources of inflammation-induced IL-8 increases, we report here for the first time that human bone marrow-derived osteoclast-like cells (hOCL) as well as authentic bone-resorbing human osteoclasts (hOC) isolated from osteoporotic femoral heads express messenger RNA (mRNA) for IL-8 and secrete high levels of IL-8 during culture. (nih.gov)
LCA is evident on the surface of fetal human osteoclasts in bone imprints and cryostat sections. (ox.ac.uk)
Autocrine and paracrine nitric oxide regulate attachment of human osteoclasts. (ox.ac.uk)
To address this, we studied effects of NO on attachment and motility of human osteoclasts on mineralized and tissue culture substrates under defined conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
We conclude that NO is produced by human osteoclasts and regulates acid secretion and cellular motility, in keeping with autocrine and paracrine NO regulation of the resorption cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
Bone resorption activity of fully differentiated human osteoclasts and of osteoclast-like cell lines, from giant cell tumors of bone (GCT), was highly increased by the presence of MDA-231 CM. Moreover, while MDA-231 by themselves did not produce IL-6 tumor cell, CM increased the secretion of IL-6 by primary human osteoclasts and GCT cell lines compared to untreated controls. (unifg.it)

Together, these results indicate that DS regulates osteoclast formation through binding to RANKL and inhibition of signal transduction in osteoclast progenitor cells, suggesting that it has an important role in bone metabolism in pathological conditions. (elsevier.com)
This study shows how skullcapflavone II (SFII), a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory activity, regulates osteoclast differentiation, survival, and function. (ewha.ac.kr)

The aim of this study was to clarify the role of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand- (RANKL-) RANK-induced osteoclast formation. (hindawi.com)
Receptor activator of nuclear factor- B ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK are components in a signaling pathway that is essential for osteoclast differentiation, activation, and survival [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells formed by fusion of mononuclear precursors in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL). (monash.edu)
CAPE potently suppressed osteoclastogenesis in cultures of bone marrow-derived precursor cells with the osteoclast differentiation factor , receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). (osteoporosis-studies.com)
In this study, we found that pepstatin A suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. (elsevier.com)
Here, we show that the GSK-3β inactivation upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation is crucial for osteoclast differentiation. (elsevier.com)
Osteoclast formation was also assessed in control CD14 cultures stimulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L). Although Activin-A increased activation of the pSMAD3 pathway in both control and FOP PLF, it increased ACVR1, FK binding protein 12 (FKBP12), an inhibitor of DNA binding 1 protein (ID-1) expression only in FOP PLF. (vumc.nl)
Prolia works by blocking a protein called RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta) and helps prevent bone cells called osteoclasts from breaking down bone in the body. (medlineplus.gov)

Treatment with both MSU crystals and RANKL induced osteoclast differentiation by activating downstream molecules in the RANKL-RANK pathway including tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), JNK, c-Jun, and NFATc1. (hindawi.com)

Osteoclasts are considered crucial effector cells that are mainly responsible for bone resorption in bone homeostasis [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Osteoclast function was tested in isolated avian osteoclasts and was measured in terms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, oxygen-derived free radical production, and formation of characteristic resorption lacunae on slices of sperm whale dentine. (soton.ac.uk)
TGF beta had no effect on the resorption capacity of isolated osteoclasts in concentrations that inhibited TRAP activity and nitroblue tetrazolium staining. (soton.ac.uk)
This cessation of osteoclast activity may be an essential preliminary step to the new bone formation that occurs at resorption sites during bone remodeling. (soton.ac.uk)
During osteoclast differentiation and resorption, both NF-kappaB and Notch signalling are activated. (imrpress.com)
NF-kappaB inactivation inhibited the differentiation and resorption ability of osteoclasts. (imrpress.com)
In conclusion, our data suggest IkappaBalpha regulates Hes1-mediated activity in osteoclast differentiation and resorption, which support a cross-talk between NF-kappaB and Notch in osteoclast activity. (imrpress.com)
Durdan, MM, Azaria, RD & Weivoda, MM 2022, ' Novel insights into the coupling of osteoclasts and resorption to bone formation ', Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology , vol. 123, pp. 4-13. (elsevier.com)
Osteoclasts were differentiated in vitro from CD14 selected monocytes in RANKL and CSF-1, and characterized by cathepsin K expression, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, acid secretion, and lacunar resorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Osteoclasts are multinuclear cells of myeloid lineage responsible for bone resorption. (osteoporosis-studies.com)
Breast cancers commonly cause osteolytic metastases in bone, a process that is dependent upon osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. (ox.ac.uk)
Bone resorption by osteoclasts. (medscape.com)
Breast cancers commonly cause osteolytic metastases in bone, a process that is dependent upon osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, but the mechanism responsible for tumor-mediated osteoclast activation has not yet been clarified. (unifg.it)
In the present study we utilized a well-known human breast cancer cell line (MDA-231) in order to assess its capability to influence osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cultures and bone resorption in fully differentiated osteoclasts. (unifg.it)
These data suggest that MDA-231 produce osteoclastic activating factor(s) that increase both osteoclast formation in bone marrow culture and bone resorption activity by mature cells. (unifg.it)
This study investigated the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in RAW 264.7 murine pre-osteoclasts. (satnt.ac.za)
The RANKL-RANK bond stimulates the maturation of preosteoclasts into osteoclasts, resulting in alveolar bone resorption. (ejmcm.com)
Effect of cytokines on osteoclast formation and bone resorption during mechanical force loading of the periodontal membrane. (bvsalud.org)
These results suggest that osteoclast formation and bone resorption caused by loading forces on the periodontal ligament depend on TNF-α. (bvsalud.org)
In this review we describe and discuss the effect of cytokines in the periodontal ligament on osteoclast formation and bone resorption during mechanical force loading. (bvsalud.org)
Curcumin is especially effective for inhibiting osteoclasts, and thus inhibiting bone resorption. (newsmax.com)
In addition, SFII attenuated survival, migration, and bone resorption, with a decrease in the expression of integrin b 3 , Src, and p130 Crk‐associated substrate, and the activation of RhoA and Rac1 in differentiated osteoclasts. (ewha.ac.kr)
These findings suggest that SFII inhibits osteoclastogenesis through redox regulation of MAPKs, Src, and CREB and attenuates the survival and resorption function by modulating the integrin pathway in osteoclasts. (ewha.ac.kr)
FOSAMAX * (alendronate sodium) is a bisphosphonate that acts as a specific inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. (rxdrugnews.com)
At the cellular level, alendronate shows preferential localization to sites of bone resorption, specifically under osteoclasts. (rxdrugnews.com)
The osteoclasts adhere normally to the bone surface but lack the ruffled border that is indicative of active resorption. (rxdrugnews.com)
Thus, alendronate must be continuously administered to suppress osteoclasts on newly formed resorption surfaces. (rxdrugnews.com)
Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG2) whose mechanism of action inhibits osteoclast formation, function and survival, causing a decrease in bone resorption. (bvsalud.org)

RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were incubated with MSU crystals or RANKL and differentiated into osteoclast-like cells as confirmed by staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and actin ring, pit formation assay, and TRAP activity assay. (hindawi.com)
MSU crystals in the presence of RANKL augmented osteoclast differentiation, with enhanced mRNA expression of NFATc1, cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), in comparison to RAW 264.7 macrophages incubated in the presence of RANKL alone. (hindawi.com)
IL-1b produced in response to treatment with both MSU and RANKL is involved in osteoclast differentiation in part through the induction of TRAF-6 downstream of the IL-1b pathway. (hindawi.com)
It has not been clearly determined for molecular mechanism of MSU crystals on osteoclast formation in the downstream of RANKL-RANK pathway. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we investigated whether MSU crystals in the presence of RANKL promote differentiation of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages into osteoclasts. (hindawi.com)
We also sought to identify the role of cytoplasmic protein kinases and transcription factors downstream of the RANKL-RANK signaling pathway and of IL-1 in osteoclast formation. (hindawi.com)
Finally, CAPE significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in mouse calvariae in vivo. (osteoporosis-studies.com)
Regulation of GSK-3β activity in bone marrow macrophages by retroviral expression of the constitutively active GSK-3β (GSK3β-S9A) mutant inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, whereas expression of the catalytically inactive GSK-3β (GSK3β-K85R) or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated GSK-3β silencing enhances osteoclast formation. (elsevier.com)
In addition, immunoblot analyses revealed that DS reduced the levels of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein in mouse osteoclast progenitor cells stimulated with RANKL. (elsevier.com)
Suppressing Tbx3 in osteoclast precursors reduced JDP2 expression and significantly impaired RANKL/CSF1-induced osteoclastogenesis. (divbiolchem.org)

Further, osteoclast precursor cells from the transgenic mice show defects in expression and nuclear localization of NFATc1. (elsevier.com)
PLF-induced osteoclast formation and gene expression were studied by coculturing control and FOP PLF with CD14-positive osteoclast precursor cells from healthy donors. (vumc.nl)

Since the regulatory mechanism of differentiation and activation of osteoclasts shares many well-known signaling pathways with that of inflammation, we investigated whether CAPE has any effect on osteoclastogenesis. (osteoporosis-studies.com)

This process relies heavily on the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast function, which itself is regulated by prostaglandins. (thetraumapro.com)

Osteoclast differentiation and activation. (bvsalud.org)

Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of fas ligand in osteoclasts. (innovareacademics.in)

Quercetin also inhibits osteoclasts. (newsmax.com)

Pepstatin A suppressed the formation of multinuclear osteoclasts dose-dependently. (elsevier.com)
This inhibition of the formation only affected osteoclast cells, i.e., not osteoblast-like cells. (elsevier.com)
This inhibition seems to be independent of the activities of proteinases such as cathepsin D, because the formation of osteoclasts was not suppressed with the concentration that inhibited the activity of cathepsin D. Cell signaling analysis indicated that the phosphorylation of ERK was inhibited in pepstatin A-treated cells, while the phosphorylation of IκB and Akt showed almost no change. (elsevier.com)
Pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β further confirmed the negative role of GSK-3β in osteoclast formation. (elsevier.com)
cocultures with MCF-7 or MCF-7 cells transfected with pcDNAIneo required exogenous agents for osteoclast formation. (ox.ac.uk)
Using a murine model of breast cancer metastasis to bone, we established that MCF-7 cells that overexpress PTHrP caused significantly more bone metastases, which were associated with increased osteoclast formation, elevated plasma PTHrP concentrations and hypercalcaemia compared with parental or empty vector controls. (ox.ac.uk)
Mature and immature myeloid cells, including osteoclasts, play an active role in the tumor progression in primary and metastatic tumor microenvironment, in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mesenchymal-epithelial-transition (MET), and cancer stem cell formation. (por-journal.com)
Whether Activin-A also affects osteoclast formation in FOP is not known. (vumc.nl)
Activin-A inhibited PLF mediated osteoclast formation albeit only significantly when induced by FOP PLF. (vumc.nl)
Activin-A also inhibited osteoclast formation in M-CSF and RANK-L mediated monocultures of CD14+ cells by inhibiting their proliferation. (vumc.nl)
in addition to the known Activin-A-mediated HO, this study shows that Activin-A may also inhibit osteoclast formation, thereby further promoting HO formation. (vumc.nl)
The present study examined the effect of sodium salicylate on the formation of osteoclast-like cells in vitro. (ui.ac.id)
Central to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is the ability of estrogen deficiency to increase osteoclast formation by enhancing stromal cell production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). (wustl.edu)
Estrogen replacement fails to block M-CSF mRNA expression and osteoclast formation in ovariectomized mice lacking Egr- 1, confirming the critical role played by this transcription factor in mediating the antiosteoclastogenic effects of estrogen. (wustl.edu)
Thus, by downregulating formation of a novel Egr-1/Sp-1 complex in stromal cells, estrogen deficiency results in enhanced levels of free Sp-1 and increased M- CSF gene expression and osteoclast formation. (wustl.edu)
Studies have found that inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IFN-Î³ strongly inhibit osteoclast formation and tooth movement . (bvsalud.org)
Blocking macrophage colony-stimulating factor by using anti-c-Fms antibody also inhibited osteoclast formation and tooth movement . (bvsalud.org)
Silibinin was shown to powerfully stimulate osteoblastic bone formation and inhibit osteoclast bone destruction. (newsmax.com)
Furthermore, SFII inhibited osteoclast formation and bone loss in an inflammation- or ovariectomy-induced osteolytic mouse model. (ewha.ac.kr)

The intensity and pattern of osteoclast reactivity were similar to those of foreign-body type macrophage polykaryons in inflammatory lesions. (ox.ac.uk)
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that are produced by the fusion of mononuclear hematopoietic stem cells derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage (osteoclastogenesis). (nature.com)

2003). Nevertheless bone resorbing osteoclasts (OCL) of myeloid origin were shown to play an essential role in mobilizing the HSC from their niche in response to injury or stress (Kollet et al. (uea.ac.uk)

To investigate how osteoclasts develop around implanted OCP, we examined osteoclast differentiation using OCP crystals in vitro. (elsevier.com)

These results favour derivation of osteoclasts and their precursors from the multipotential haemopoietic stem cell which produces peripheral blood leucocytes and argues against their origin from a separate stem cell. (ox.ac.uk)

In a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement , TNF-α was expressed and osteoclasts appeared on the compressed side of the periodontal ligament . (bvsalud.org)

Expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a critical player in osteoclast fusion, was significantly attenuated, and cell fusion of Sbno2-deficient osteoclasts was rescued by DC-STAMP. (monash.edu)
Further, addition of bone morphogenetic protein-2 significantly increased the number of osteoclasts in the OCP-coated wells. (elsevier.com)
Since osteoclasts play an active role in primary bone tumors and bone metastases, the use of anti-osteoclastic agents significantly reduces the mortality and morbidity rates of patients by preventing the progression and local spread of tumors. (por-journal.com)

Moreover, breast cancer cells stimulate IL-6 secretion by osteoclasts that is one of the factors known to supports osteoclastogenesis. (unifg.it)

SFII has therapeutic potential in the treatment and prevention of bone diseases caused by excessive osteoclast activity. (ewha.ac.kr)
Other mechanisms include a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism, in which magnesium directly affects osteoblast activity and number of osteoclasts. (nutraingredients.com)
however, markers of osteoblastic activity rise only slightly, whereas osteoclasts have a significant increase in their activity, peaking at 10 weeks following the injury with values 10 times the upper limits of normal (ULN). (medscape.com)
Alendronate does not interfere with osteoclast recruitment or attachment, but it does inhibit osteoclast activity. (rxdrugnews.com)
Preventive CCL2/CCR2 Axis Blockade Suppresses Osteoclast Activity in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Reducing Homing of CCR2hi Osteoclast Progenitors to the Affected Bone. (hdf.hr)

Colony Stimulating Factor 1(CSF1) is known to promote osteoclast progenitor survival but its role in osteoclast differentiation and mature osteoclast function are less well understood. (divbiolchem.org)

Two recent studies identified numerous multinucleated osteoclast-like cells expressing osteoclast phenotypic markers such as cathepsin K, CD51, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) within tophi and at the interface between bone and soft tissue [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The number of cells that differentiated into osteoclasts was quantified. (imrpress.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. (who.int)
Valand AG, Ramraje SN, Pandeya BS, Shedge R, Aware S. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. (who.int)
A case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells is reported. (who.int)
Pleomorphic cells and tumour giant cells were accompanied by numerous osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. (who.int)
Furthermore, pepstatin A also suppressed differentiation from pre-osteoclast cells to mononuclear osteoclast cells dose-dependently. (elsevier.com)
B cells have a secondary role of increasing production of osteoclasts-specialized cells that break down bone material. (eyetheory.com)

Reorganization of the podosome into the sealing zone is crucial for osteoclasts (OCLs) to resorb bone, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. (edu.au)
Studies on the role of osteoclasts (OCLs) in tumor biology have accelerated in recent years, and OCL inhibitors have been successfully used to treat metastatic cancers, especially breast cancer, multiple myeloma, and various diseases such as osteosarcoma, giant cell bone tumor, and aneurysmal bone cyst. (por-journal.com)

These results suggest that sodium salicylate has an inhibitory effect on the recruitment of osteoclast-like MNCs and that this inhibition is greater during the later stage of mouse bone marrow culture. (ui.ac.id)

However, Sbno2-deficient mice exhibited increased bone mass due to impaired osteoclast fusion. (monash.edu)
Remarkably, transgenic mice expressing the GSK3β-S9A mutant show an osteopetrotic phenotype due to impaired osteoclast differentiation. (elsevier.com)
In TNF-receptor-deficient mice , there was less tooth movement and osteoclast numbers were lower than in wild-type mice . (bvsalud.org)
Compared to saline treatments, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone marrow osteoclast precursor populations were also increased in ODE-treated WT but not IL-6 KO mice. (cdc.gov)
Studies in mice on the localization of radioactive [ 3 H]alendronate in bone showed about 10-fold higher uptake on osteoclast surfaces than on osteoblast surfaces. (rxdrugnews.com)

The precise mechanisms of OCP biodegradation remain unclear, though histological observations have revealed that bone-resorbing osteoclasts appear and resorb implanted OCP. (elsevier.com)

These cytokines activate osteoclasts. (algaecal.com)

Histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated an increased number of osteocytes and a decreased number of osteoclasts, but there was no significant increase in osteoblast numbers. (innovareacademics.in)

Bone is specialized connective tissue with a calcified extracellular matrix (bone matrix) and 3 major cell types: the osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast. (moviecultists.com)

and osteoclasts, which dissolve calcium, thus weakening the bone. (newsmax.com)
Calcium intake reduces the degenerative effects of osteoclasts, which cause bone destruction as we age. (natnutra.com)

Cell attachment was labeled with monoclonal antibody 23C6, specific for a binding domain of a key osteoclast attachment protein, the CD51/CD61 integrin dimer (alpha(v)beta(3)), with or without cell permeabilization. (ox.ac.uk)
This cell, the osteoclast, is responsible for removing bone. (speakschmeak.com)
The group discovered that DNA methyltransferase, a type of enzyme, increases osteoclast, a cell that destroys bone tissues, and that TF-3 works to block the function of the enzyme. (saveourbones.com)

NO inhibits or kills osteoclasts, but the mechanism of action of NO in human bone turnover is not clear. (ox.ac.uk)

Rissanen JP, Ylipahkala H, Fagerlund KM, Long C, Väänänen HK, Halleen JM 2009 Improved methods for testing antiresorptive compounds in human osteoclast cultures . (oncobone.com)

Are osteoclasts immature? (moviecultists.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms4

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes13

Murine matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene. 5'-upstream region contains cis-acting elements for expression in osteoclasts and migrating keratinocytes in transgenic mice. (1/2998)

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 correct osteopetrosis in mice with osteopetrosis mutation. (2/2998)

Midpalatal suture of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice exhibits immature fusion. (3/2998)

A novel role of IL-15 in the development of osteoclasts: inability to replace its activity with IL-2. (4/2998)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. (5/2998)

Morphological changes in periodontal mechanoreceptors of mouse maxillary incisors after the experimental induction of anterior crossbite: a light and electron microscopic observation using immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5. (6/2998)

Study of the cell biology and biochemistry of cherubism. (7/2998)

Promoter structure of mouse RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL/ODF gene. (8/2998)

Osteoclasts

Bone Resorption

RANK Ligand

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B

Osteopetrosis

Acid Phosphatase

Osteoprotegerin

Cathepsin K

Bone and Bones

Osteoblasts

Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Cell Differentiation

Bone Remodeling

Osteolysis

Osteogenesis

Bone Marrow Cells

Cells, Cultured

NFATC Transcription Factors

Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases

Membrane Glycoproteins

Osteocytes

Diphosphonates

Calcitonin

Skull

Bone Development

Bone Matrix

Carrier Proteins

Osteoporosis

Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor

Cathepsins

Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Bone Neoplasms

Isoenzymes

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Bone Density

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Signal Transduction

Alendronate

Mice, Knockout

Bone Diseases

Coculture Techniques

Macrophages

Osteitis Deformans

Bone Diseases, Metabolic

Stem Cells

Tartrates

Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6

X-Ray Microtomography

Parathyroid Hormone

Osteopontin

Glycoproteins

Femur

Calcitriol

Calcification, Physiologic

Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells

Integrin beta3

Tibia

Receptors, Vitronectin

Cell Fusion

Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos

Monocytes

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cell Line

Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor

Osteosclerosis

Giant Cells

NF-kappa B

RNA, Messenger

Dentin

Mice, Transgenic

Mice, Inbred ICR

Cell Survival

Ovariectomy

Giant Cell Tumors

Cell Count

Gene Expression Regulation

Murine matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene. 5'-upstream region contains cis-acting elements for expression in osteoclasts and migrating keratinocytes in transgenic mice. (1/2998)

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 correct osteopetrosis in mice with osteopetrosis mutation. (2/2998)