A genus of the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE comprising tick-borne viruses occasionally infecting humans. Dhori and Thogoto viruses were formerly thought to be members of BUNYAVIRIDAE. Thogoto virus is the type species.
A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE containing one species: Infectious salmon anemia virus.
A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. There are five recognized genera: INFLUENZAVIRUS A; INFLUENZAVIRUS B; INFLUENZAVIRUS C; ISAVIRUS; and THOGOTOVIRUS.
Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.
A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.
Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).
Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

Fish oil feeding delays influenza virus clearance and impairs production of interferon-gamma and virus-specific immunoglobulin A in the lungs of mice. (1/2432)

Ingestion of fish oil can suppress the inflammatory response to injury and may impair host resistance to infection. To investigate the effect of a diet containing fish oil on immunity to viral infection, 148 BALB/c mice were fed diets containing 3 g/100 g of sunflower oil with either 17 g/100 g of fish oil or beef tallow for 14 d before intranasal challenge with live influenza virus. At d 1 and d 5 after infection, the mice fed fish oil had higher lung viral load and lower body weight (P < 0.05). In addition to the greater viral load and weight loss at d 5 after infection, the fish oil group consumed less food (P < 0.05) while the beef tallow group was clearing the virus, had regained their preinfection weights and was returning to their preinfection food consumption. The fish oil group had impaired production of lung interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and lung IgA-specific antibodies (all P < 0. 05) although lung IFN-alpha/beta and the relative proportions of bronchial lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes did not differ between groups after infection. The present study demonstrates a delay in virus clearance in mice fed fish oil associated with reduced IFN-gamma and antibody production and a greater weight loss and suppression of appetite following influenza virus infection. However, differences observed during the course of infection did not affect the ultimate outcome as both groups cleared the virus and returned to preinfection food consumption and body weight by d 7.  (+info)

Innate and acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are mediated by distinct arms of the immune system. (2/2432)

"Natural" Igs, mainly IgM, comprise part of the innate immune system present in healthy individuals, including antigen-free mice. These Igs are thought to delay pathogenicity of infecting agents until antigen-induced high affinity Igs of all isotypes are produced. Previous studies suggested that the acquired humoral response arises directly from the innate response, i.e., that B cells expressing natural IgM, upon antigen encounter, differentiate to give rise both to cells that secrete high amounts of IgM and to cells that undergo affinity maturation and isotype switching. However, by using a murine model of influenza virus infection, we demonstrate here that the B cells that produce natural antiviral IgM neither increase their IgM production nor undergo isotype switching to IgG2a in response to the infection. These cells are distinct from the B cells that produce the antiviral response after encounter with the pathogen. Our data therefore demonstrate that the innate and the acquired humoral immunities to influenza virus are separate effector arms of the immune system and that antigen exposure per se is not sufficient to increase natural antibody production.  (+info)

Cytotoxic T-cell responses in mice infected with influenza and vaccinia viruses vary in magnitude with H-2 genotype. (3/2432)

Secondary effector T-cell populations generated by cross-priming with heterologous influenza A viruses operate only in H-2K or H-2D compatible situations, when assayed on SV40-transformed target cells infected with a range of influenza A viruses. The H2-Kb allele is associated with a total failure in the generation of influenza-immune cytotoxic T cells, though this is not seen for the primary response to vaccinia virus. In both influenza and vaccinia development of effector T cells operating at H-2Db is greatly depressed in B10.A(2R) (kkkddb) and B10.A(4R) (kkbbbb), but not in B10 (bbbbbb), mice. However, there is no defect in viral antigen expression at either H-2Kk or H-2Db in B10.A(2R) target cells. This apparently reflects some inadequacy in the stimulator environment, as (A/J X B6) F1 T cells can be induced to respond at H-2Db when exposed to vaccinia virus in an irradiated B6 but not in a B10.A(4R) recipient. The present report, together with the accompanying paper by Zinkernagel and colleagues, records the first rigorous demonstration of both a nonresponder situation and a probable Ir-gene effect for conventional infectious viruses. Possible implications for the evolution of H-2 polymorphism and mechanisms of Ir gene function are discussed.  (+info)

Protection against influenza virus infection of mice fed Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064. (4/2432)

Mice fed Bifidobacterium breve YIT4064 and immunized orally with influenza virus were more strongly protected against influenza virus infection of the lower respiratory tract than ones immunized with influenza virus only. The number of mice with enhanced anti-influenza virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum upon oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 and oral immunization with influenza virus was significantly greater than that upon oral immunization with influenza virus only. These findings demonstrated that the oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 increased anti-influenza virus IgG antibodies in serum and protected against influenza virus infection. The oral administration of B. breve YIT4064 may enhance antigen-specific IgG against various pathogenic antigens taken orally and induce protection against various virus infections.  (+info)

Mucosal immunity to influenza without IgA: an IgA knockout mouse model. (5/2432)

IgA knockout mice (IgA-/-) were generated by gene targeting and were used to determine the role of IgA in protection against mucosal infection by influenza and the value of immunization for preferential induction of secretory IgA. Aerosol challenge of naive IgA-/- mice and their wild-type IgA+/+ littermates with sublethal and lethal doses of influenza virus resulted in similar levels of pulmonary virus infection and mortality. Intranasal and i.p. immunization with influenza vaccine plus cholera toxin/cholera toxin B induced significant mucosal and serum influenza hemagglutinin-specific IgA Abs in IgA+/+ (but not IgA-/-) mice as well as IgG and IgM Abs in both IgA-/- and IgA+/+ mice; both exhibited similar levels of pulmonary and nasal virus replication and mortality following a lethal influenza virus challenge. Monoclonal anti-hemagglutinin IgG1, IgG2a, IgM, and polymeric IgA Abs were equally effective in preventing influenza virus infection in IgA-/- mice. These results indicate that IgA is not required for prevention of influenza virus infection and disease. Indeed, while mucosal immunization for selective induction of IgA against influenza may constitute a useful approach for control of influenza and other respiratory viral infections, strategies that stimulate other Igs in addition may be more desirable.  (+info)

Isolation of infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) from Atlantic salmon in New Brunswick, Canada. (6/2432)

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) was isolated at a marine grow-out site in New Brunswick, Canada, from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar which experienced mortalities due to hemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS). Of 20 fish sampled in this study, 14 showed histologically various degrees of interstitial hemorrhaging, tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis, and tubular casts in the posterior kidney, typical of HKS. Posterior kidney and spleen homogenates produced a cytopathic effect on chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells 10 to 14 d after inoculation. Pleomorphic virus particles in the size range 80 to 120 nm were seen by electron microscopy. The virus was confirmed as ISAV using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This is a systematic diagnostic study of the isolation of ISAV on the North American continent and the first description of the growth of ISAV on the CHSE-214 cell line.  (+info)

First identification of infectious salmon anaemia virus in North America with haemorrhagic kidney syndrome. (7/2432)

Haemorrhagic kidney syndrome (HKS), a serious disease affecting Atlantic salmon on the east coast of Canada, was determined to be caused by infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) through the isolation of the pathogen on the SHK-1 (salmon head kidney) cell line and confirmation by ISAV-specific immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the defining histopathology of HKS could be reproduced following the injection of material that rendered challenged fish ISAV-positive by cell culture in the absence of any other detectable pathogen. Preliminary nucleotide sequence comparison does not suggest any direct epidemiological connection between the Canadian and Norwegian isolates.  (+info)

Ortho- and paramyxoviruses from migrating feral ducks: characterization of a new group of influenza A viruses. (8/2432)

Ortho- and parainfluenza viruses isolated from the cloacas of migrating feral ducks shot on the Mississippi flyway included three strains of influenza. A virus (Hav6 Nav1, Hav6 Nl, Hav7 Neq2) as well as Newcastle disease virus. One influenza virus, A/duck/Memphis/546/74, possessed Hav3 haemagglutinin, but the neuraminidase was not inhibited by any of the known influenza reference antisera. The neuraminidase on this virus was related to the neuraminidases on A/duck/GDR/72 (H2 N?), A/turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (Hav 5 N?), A/duck/Ukraine/1/60 (Hav3 N?) and A/turkey/Wisconsin/68. We therefore propose that the neuraminidase on this group of influenza viruses be designated Nav6. The A/duck/Memphis/546/74 influenza virus caused an ocular discharge in 1 of 5 ducks and was shed in faeces for 10 days; it was stable in faecal samples for up to 3 days at 20 degrees C. These results suggest that ecological studies on influenza in avian species should include attempts to isolate virus from faeces. Faecal-oral transmission is an attractive explanation for the spread of influenza virus from feral birds to other animals.  (+info)

Thogotovirus is a genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae, which are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. These viruses are primarily transmitted through tick bites and can infect various vertebrate hosts, including humans. Two species of Thogotovirus have been identified: Thogoto virus (THOV) and Dhori virus (DHOV).

Thogoto virus is mainly found in Africa and parts of Europe, while Dhori virus has been isolated in Asia. These viruses can cause febrile illnesses with non-specific symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. In some cases, more severe manifestations like meningitis or encephalitis may occur. However, human infections are relatively rare, and the majority of research on Thogotoviruses has been conducted using animal models.

Thogotovirus particles have an envelope with surface glycoproteins that mediate attachment to host cells and membrane fusion during entry. The viral genome consists of six RNA segments encoding various structural and non-structural proteins, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for replication and transcription. Due to their segmented genome, Thogotoviruses can undergo genetic reassortment, potentially leading to the emergence of new viral strains with altered pathogenicity or host range.

Despite their medical relevance, much remains to be understood about Thogotovirus biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Further research is necessary to develop effective countermeasures against these viruses and related orthomyxoviruses.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Isavirus" is not a commonly used medical term or a name of a specific disease in humans or animals. It appears to be a term used in virology to describe a group of viruses that infect certain marine algae. Isaviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the family "Rironaviridae" and order "Ligamenvirales." They infect a variety of marine diatoms, which are important primary producers in marine ecosystems.

If you have any questions related to human or animal health, I would be happy to help with those!

Orthomyxoviridae is a family of viruses that includes influenza A, B, and C viruses, which are the causative agents of flu in humans and animals. These viruses are enveloped, meaning they have a lipid membrane derived from the host cell, and have a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. The genome is segmented, meaning it consists of several separate pieces of RNA, which allows for genetic reassortment or "shuffling" when two different strains infect the same cell, leading to the emergence of new strains.

The viral envelope contains two major glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The HA protein is responsible for binding to host cells and facilitating entry into the cell, while NA helps release newly formed virus particles from infected cells by cleaving sialic acid residues on the host cell surface.

Orthomyxoviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans and animals, with influenza A viruses being the most virulent and capable of causing pandemics. Influenza B viruses typically cause less severe illness and are primarily found in humans, while influenza C viruses generally cause mild upper respiratory symptoms and are also mainly restricted to humans.

Orthomyxoviridae is a family of viruses that includes influenza A, B, and C viruses, which can cause respiratory infections in humans. Orthomyxoviridae infections are typically characterized by symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headaches, and fatigue.

Influenza A and B viruses can cause seasonal epidemics of respiratory illness that occur mainly during the winter months in temperate climates. Influenza A viruses can also cause pandemics, which are global outbreaks of disease that occur when a new strain of the virus emerges to which there is little or no immunity in the human population.

Influenza C viruses are less common and typically cause milder illness than influenza A and B viruses. They do not cause epidemics and are not usually included in seasonal flu vaccines.

Orthomyxoviridae infections can be prevented through vaccination, good respiratory hygiene (such as covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing), hand washing, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. Antiviral medications may be prescribed to treat influenza A and B infections, particularly for people at high risk of complications, such as older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with certain underlying medical conditions.

"Salmo salar" is the scientific name for the Atlantic salmon, which is a species of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Salmonidae. This anadromous fish is born in freshwater, migrates to the sea as a juvenile, then returns to freshwater to reproduce. The Atlantic salmon is highly valued for its nutritional content and is a popular choice for food worldwide. It's also an important species for recreational fishing and aquaculture.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Salmon" is not a medical term. It is a common name for various species of fish that belong to the family Salmonidae and are known for their distinctive pink or red flesh. They are an important source of food and are popular in many cuisines around the world. If you have any questions about medical terminology, I'd be happy to help with those instead!

"Fish diseases" is a broad term that refers to various health conditions and infections affecting fish populations in aquaculture, ornamental fish tanks, or wild aquatic environments. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors such as water quality, temperature, and stress.

Some common examples of fish diseases include:

1. Bacterial diseases: Examples include furunculosis (caused by Aeromonas salmonicida), columnaris disease (caused by Flavobacterium columnare), and enteric septicemia of catfish (caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri).

2. Viral diseases: Examples include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in salmonids, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and koi herpesvirus (KHV).

3. Fungal diseases: Examples include saprolegniasis (caused by Saprolegnia spp.) and cotton wool disease (caused by Aphanomyces spp.).

4. Parasitic diseases: Examples include ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), costia, trichodina, and various worm infestations such as anchor worms (Lernaea spp.) and tapeworms (Diphyllobothrium spp.).

5. Environmental diseases: These are caused by poor water quality, temperature stress, or other environmental factors that weaken the fish's immune system and make them more susceptible to infections. Examples include osmoregulatory disorders, ammonia toxicity, and low dissolved oxygen levels.

It is essential to diagnose and treat fish diseases promptly to prevent their spread among fish populations and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems. Preventative measures such as proper sanitation, water quality management, biosecurity practices, and vaccination can help reduce the risk of fish diseases in both farmed and ornamental fish settings.

... (DHOV) is a species of the genus Thogotovirus and a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae. Its hosts are ticks, ... infection of mice produces a disease and cytokine response pattern similar to that of highly virulent influenza A (H5N1) virus ... Li G, Wang N, Guzman H, Sbrana E, Yoshikawa T, Tseng CT, Tesh RB, Xiao SY (2008). "Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus ... virus infection. Batken virus (BKNV) is considered a subtype of DHOV. Serological cross-reactions between BKNV and DHOV ...
Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus) infection in mice: a model of the pathogenesis of severe orthomyxovirus infection", American ... DHOV infection in mice resembles experimental influenza infection in mice and ferrets as well as fatal H5N1 influenza infection ... 2008), "[Isolation of influenza virus A (Orthomyxoviridae, Influenza A virus), Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae, Thogotovirus), ... In laboratory infections, it is pathogenic to mice. The virion is around 105 nm in diameter. The genome has six RNA segments. ...
Infections occur through contact with these bodily fluids or with contaminated surfaces. Out of a host, flu viruses can remain ... and the family Orthomyxoviridae. The genera-associated species and serotypes of Orthomyxoviridae are shown in the following ... Orthomyxoviridae viruses are one of two RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus (the other being retroviridae). This is ... Orthomyxoviridae (from Greek ὀρθός, orthós 'straight' + μύξα, mýxa 'mucus') is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses. It ...
This can reduce infection due to contact with contaminated surfaces, especially in crowded public places where coughing or ... Now we know that it is caused by an RNA virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae (the influenza viruses). In humans, common ... This huge death toll was caused by an extremely high infection rate of up to 50% and the extreme severity of the symptoms, ... A vaccine probably would not be available in the initial stages of population infection. To date, there is no known mechanism ...
Human metapneumovirus infection is very similar to the common cold; it is an upper respiratory infection. It will typically ... Pneumoviruses are intermediate in size between viruses of the families Paramyxoviridae and Orthomyxoviridae. Cytoplasmic ... This specific infection is most common in children, especially under the age of five. Common symptoms include runny nose, ... Respiratory tract infections are associated with member viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus. There are five ...
Influenza virus infections have one of the highest preventable mortalities in many countries of the world. Influenza viruses, ... Influenza C virus is the only species in the genus Gammainfluenzavirus, in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae, which like other ... Because of this, viruses continually cause infections. Influenza virus C is different from Types A and B in its growth ... The virus may lead to more severe infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. After an individual becomes infected, the immune ...
Influenzavirus D is less common than the other antigenic types, and it is not known to cause any human infections. No samples ... First isolated from pigs in 2011, the virus was categorized as a new genus of Orthomyxoviridae in 2016, distinct from the ... Because of this, viruses continually cause infections. Influenza viruses C and D are different from Types A and B in their ... However, those antibodies may have been produced after an infection by influenza C virus, the antibodies for which cross-react ...
For certain viruses, including the families Orthomyxoviridae and Papillomaviridae, alternative splicing acts as a way to ... strands are used for translation of structural and movement proteins needed during intermediate and late stages of infection. ... regulate early and late gene expression during different stages of infection. Herpesviruses use it as a potential anti-host ...
in addition, experimental infection shows histologic lesions on the brain such as edema, focal hemorrhages in the leptomeninges ... "Medical Definition of ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2019-03-12. Surachetpong W, Janetanakit T, ... Cases of infection note syncytium formation, the fusion of infected neighboring cells to produce multi-nucleated cells. ... In India, naturally infected tilapia had skin erosions and loss of scales as a result of infection. Those infected with TiLV in ...
Purified RNA of a positive-sense virus can directly cause infection though it may be less infectious than the whole virus ... Recombination also occurs in the Reoviridae (dsRNA), e.g. reovirus; Orthomyxoviridae ((-)ssRNA), e.g. influenza virus; and ... Kondo H, Chiba S, Toyoda K, Suzuki N (January 2013). "Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi". Virology. 435 ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Classification is based principally ...
In October, in an attempt to identify the source of infection, it was found that the infection was acquired from the masked ... Serological test indicated they were not myxoviruses (Orthomyxoviridae). They presented their discovery as "A new virus ... The bronchi infection resulted in severe gasping and swift death due to inability to eat food. It was also found that the ... The infection was believed to have been contained in China, but an infected individual carried it to Hong Kong on 21 February ...
Most cases are caused by a viral infection. Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% ... The family Orthomyxoviridae which cause influenza are present with rapid onset high temperature, headache, and generalized ache ... Antibiotics are useful if a bacterial infection is the cause of the sore throat. For viral infections, antibiotics have no ... submandibular space infection (Ludwig's angina), and epiglottitis. Some cases of pharyngitis are caused by fungal infection, ...
Unsurprisingly, sialic acids also play an important role in several human viral infections. The influenza viruses have ... Sialidosis Sialoglycoprotein Sialyltransferase Orthomyxoviridae Varki, Ajit; Roland Schauer (2008). "Sialic Acids". in ... Orthomyxoviridae) can use host-sialylated structures for binding to their target host cell. Sialic acids provide a good target ...
However, it was not fully known what part of the virus infection triggers RIG-I activation. Results of this study found that ... All three belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Viruses that belong to this family are single stranded (-) RNA viruses that ... Influenza type C virus causes mild respiratory infections and are not known to cause epidemics, unlike the other two. Barclay ... Barclay, Wendy S. (1988). The humoral immune response to rhinovirus infection. copac.jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of ...
... nose with discharge and secondary bacterial infection are some of the clinical signs of Equine influenza virus infection. ... Equine influenza is caused by a type A influenza virus in the family Orthomyxoviridae (genus Influenzavirus). Transmission of ... Such infections contribute to the spread of the disease. The time from when a horse gets exposed to the time when it gets sick ... A 1997 study found H3N8 was responsible for over one quarter of the influenza infections in wild ducks. H3N8 has been suggested ...
In June 2017 a 58-year-old female Missouri State Park employee died from an infection of the Bourbon virus after it had been ... Bourbon virus is an RNA virus in the genus Thogotovirus of the family Orthomyxoviridae, which is similar to Dhori virus and ... Bourbon virus is a type of thogotovirus, which is in the RNA virus family Orthomyxoviridae. The virus particles show different ... Like other members of the Orthomyxoviridae, the Bourbon virus genome is single-stranded, negative-sense RNA, which is segmented ...
Helminthiasis (worm infection), Ascariasis, and enterobiasis (pinworm infection) are few that are caused by various parasitic ... Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Papovaviridae, Polyomavirus, Poxviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Togaviridae. Some notable ... 2014). Immune Response to Parasitic Infections. Immune Response to Parasitic Infections. Vol. 2. Bentham Science Publishers. ... or yeast infections. Most antibiotics that function on bacterial pathogens cannot be used to treat fungal infections because ...
Yoon K, Cooper V, Schwartz K, Harmon K, Kim W, Janke B, Strohbehn J, Butts D, Troutman J (2005). "Influenza virus infection in ... Carter, G.R.; Flores, E.F.; Wise, D.J. (2006). "Orthomyxoviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved 2006-08- ... The presence of an upper respiratory tract infection in a dog that has been vaccinated for the other major causes of kennel ... Pneumonia in these dogs is not caused by the influenza virus, but by secondary bacterial infections. The fatality rate of dogs ...
Michod RE, Bernstein H, Nedelcu AM (May 2008). "Adaptive value of sex in microbial pathogens" (PDF). Infection, Genetics and ... Recombination also occurs in the reoviridae (dsRNA)(e.g. reovirus), orthomyxoviridae ((-)ssRNA)(e.g. influenza virus) and ... Bernstein H, Bernstein C, Michod RE (January 2018). "Sex in microbial pathogens". Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 57: 8-25. ... The resulting recombinant viruses may sometimes cause an outbreak of infection in humans. Especially in coronaviruses, ...
Tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (Asfarviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, ... the infection of a two-day-old white experimental mice with the virus results in deaths occurring 8-12 days after infection. ... have reported with severe disease such as encephalitis and other large outbreaks of fever illness connected infection with the ...
... a bacterial infection which can cause respiratory infections and sepsis Influenza-like illness, a medical diagnosis of possible ... Flu is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza viruses. ...
... chronic persistent infection, whereas BVD is an acute infection. Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an ... Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae and affects birds and mammals. Wild aquatic birds are the ... ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs ... Some strains can cause death of animals within as little as a week after infection. In other species, the virus causes no ...
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus ... "Orthomyxoviridae". ViralZone. SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 2015-10-03. "Paramyxoviridae". ViralZone. SIB ... "Babies Born with CMV (Congenital CMV Infection)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 13, 2017. Retrieved June 17 ... Page 273 in: Lennette's Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections (Fourth ed.). CRC Press. 2010. ISBN 978-1420084962. Murillo A ...
Their work led to the understanding that both proteins are necessary for influenza A and B virus infection and replication. ... Molecular Cell (1999) Orthomyxoviridae: the viruses and their replication. Fields Virology (2001) Structure of the uncleaved ...
Middle ear infection and croup may occur, most commonly in children. Secondary S. aureus infection has been observed, primarily ... "Orthomyxoviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 9 March 2021. Shim JM, Kim J, Tenson T, Min JY, ... Illness during infection is primarily the result of lung inflammation and compromise caused by epithelial cell infection and ... Infection with H5N1 or H7N9 especially produces high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In bacterial infections, early ...
... which often aims to prevent viral infections. In modern history, numerous disease outbreaks have been caused by RdRp-encoding ... Orthomyxoviridae) Measles (Paramyxoviridae) Mumps virus (Paramyxoviridae) Human respiratory syncytial virus (Paramyxoviridae) ...
... is the only species in the genus Betainfluenzavirus in the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. Influenza B virus ... Antigenic drift occurs in Influenza A, B, and C. Hemagglutination-inhibition experiments using ferret serum after infection ... 8 June 2017). "Changing individual genus and species names in the family Orthomyxoviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy ... Wolff, Thorsten; Veit, Michael (2021). "Influenza B, C and D Viruses (Orthomyxoviridae)". Encyclopedia of Virology: 561-574. ...
It then injects its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. In animal cells these viruses get into the cell through the ... Examples in this class include the families Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae ( ... Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Viruses must ... The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism". Annual Review of Virology. 8 (1): 373-391. doi:10.1146/ ...
Jiang H, Zheng X, Wang L, Du H, Wang P, Bai X (2017). "Hantavirus infection: a global zoonotic challenge". Virol Sin. 32 (1): ... Orthomyxoviridae) Measles (Paramyxoviridae) Mumps virus (Paramyxoviridae) Human respiratory syncytial virus (Paramyxoviridae) ... Borkenhagen LK, Salman MD, Ma MJ, Gray GC (November 2019). "Animal influenza virus infections in humans: A commentary". Int J ... Avsic-Zupanc T, Saksida A, Korva M (April 2019). "Hantavirus infections". Clin Microbiol Infect. 21S: e6-e16. doi:10.1111/1469- ...
Orthomyxoviridae The Orthomyxoviridae are a family of RNA viruses which infect vertebrates. It includes those viruses which ... The "H5N1 viruses from human infections and the closely related avian viruses isolated in 2004 and 2005 belong to a single ... Influenza A virus is the only species in the Influenzavirus A genus of the family Orthomyxoviridae and are negative sense, ... Unfortunately, the EMA-type viruses appear to be as virulent as the exclusively Asian strains: of 34 human infections outside ...
Orthomyxoviridae / immunology* * Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology* * Respiratory Mucosa / immunology * Respiratory ... Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus Nat Immunol. 2011 Nov;12(11):1045-54 ... Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of ... demonstrate a critical role for lung ILCs in restoring airway epithelial integrity and tissue homeostasis after infection with ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology* * RNA, Viral* * Virus Diseases / immunology* Substances * Carrier Proteins * NLR ... As a test of the physiologic role of the NLR molecule NLRP3 during RNA viral infection, we explored the in vivo role of NLRP3 ... Together, these data place the NLRP3 inflammasome as an essential component in host defense against influenza infection through ... Inhibition of ROS induction eliminated IL-1beta production in animals during influenza infection. ...
Indirect evidence of Bourbon virus (Thogotovirus, Orthomyxoviridae) infection in North Carolina. N C Med J. 2020;81:214-5. DOI ... Godsey MS Jr, Rose D, Burkhalter KL, Breuner N, Bosco-Lauth AM, Kosoy OI, et al. Experimental infection of Amblyomma americanum ... Five confirmed cases of BRBV infection have been reported in humans (5,7), and all 5 cases are believed to have been caused by ... To date, all known human cases of BRBV infection have been found in 3 US states, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri (Figure 3). In ...
Categories: Orthomyxoviridae Infections Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumococcal Infections, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sepsis, Streptococcus ... Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Pneumococcal Infections; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sepsis; Streptococcus ... Infection and Immunity. volume. 82. issue. 11. pages. 13 pages. publisher. American Society for Microbiology. external ... 2014) In Infection and Immunity 82(11). p.19-4607 Abstract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of infectious disease ...
Dhori virus (DHOV) is a species of the genus Thogotovirus and a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae. Its hosts are ticks, ... infection of mice produces a disease and cytokine response pattern similar to that of highly virulent influenza A (H5N1) virus ... Li G, Wang N, Guzman H, Sbrana E, Yoshikawa T, Tseng CT, Tesh RB, Xiao SY (2008). "Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus ... virus infection. Batken virus (BKNV) is considered a subtype of DHOV. Serological cross-reactions between BKNV and DHOV ...
Dhori virus (Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus) infection of mice produces a disease and cytokine response pattern similar to that ... Index of Viruses - Orthomyxoviridae. Buchen-Osmond C, ed. ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database. New York, USA: Columbia ... During her course of illness, the woman developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and died of the infection. The CDC ... Upolu virus and Aransas Bay virus, two presumptive bunyaviruses, are novel members of the family Orthomyxoviridae. J Virol. ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections(3). * Seasonal Influenza (3) * Papillomaviridae Infections(1). * Human Papillomavirus Infections (1 ... This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections. Report ... Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections Clinical Trial Analysis by Phase, Trial Status, End Point, Sponsor Type and Region ... GlobalDatas clinical trial report, "Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections Clinical Trial Analysis by Trial Phase, Trial ...
Rickettsia rickettsii infection is associated with tick mortality raising the question as to the actual prevalence of infection ... Orthomyxoviridae: Thogotovirus). J. Med. Entomol. 2021, 58, 873-879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] ... and Borrelia burgdorferi based upon seasonal incidence of infections [10]. Co-infection of Ixodes scapularis with multiple ... Human risk of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent, in eastern United States. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. ...
Airborn pathogens, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronavirinae, spread around the world. Large infection rates fast. STDs (HIV, Gonnerreha ... So a primary infection of a Zombie virus is already within the realm of the possible in nature. Secondary infection via a bite ... Just relying on a small infection to spread until it was uncontrollable would be completely useless, just like most biowarfare ... RSH " unless it was done directly by some sort of mass biowarfare infection" ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections. *Molecular Sequence Data. *Influenza, Human. *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections 100% * Virulence Factor 96% * Orthomyxoviridae 70% * Disease Outbreaks 61% * Virulence Factors 24% ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology",. author = "Alexsandra Lenhard and ... A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates ... A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection Recapitulates ... title = "A Mouse Model for the Transition of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Colonizer to Pathogen upon Viral Co-Infection ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / epidemiology; Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary; Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology; ...
infection = ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS. Allowable Qualifiers:. CH chemistry. CL classification. DE drug effects. EN enzymology ... Orthomyxoviridae - Preferred Concept UI. M0015469. Scope note. A family of RNA viruses causing INFLUENZA and other diseases. ... use ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE to search ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES 1977-81, INFLUENZA VIRUSES 1966-76, MYXOVIRUSES 1975-76 & MYXOVIRUS 1966-74. ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections 15% * Suid Herpesvirus 1 14% * Goblet Cells 12% * Chlamydia 12% ...
Nosocomial Infections Global Clinical Trials Review, H2, 2014 *Orthomyxoviridae Infections Global Clinical Trials Review, H2, ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/ ... Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Swine Diseases , Animals , Dogs , Cattle , Horses , Humans , Swine , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/ ... Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology , THP-1 Cells ... COVID-19 , Influenza, Human , Orthomyxoviridae Infections , Orthomyxoviridae , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Computational Biology , ...
Biologic use during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of all infantile infections (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% ... Biologic use during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of all infantile infections (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% ... Biologic use during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of all infantile infections (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% ... We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the risk of infantile infections after in utero exposure to ...
orthomyxoviridae infections - drug therapy - immunology - pathology. 5. pd-1/programmed death-ligand 1. 5. ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Human Influenza Medicine & Life Sciences 63% ... antigen as an index of infection. Five hundred ninety-three soldiers (a 9.3% sample) in basic combat training (BCT) were ... antigen as an index of infection. Five hundred ninety-three soldiers (a 9.3% sample) in basic combat training (BCT) were ... antigen as an index of infection. Five hundred ninety-three soldiers (a 9.3% sample) in basic combat training (BCT) were ...
H5N1 SubtypeInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza in BirdsMiceOrthomyxoviridae InfectionsVaccines, DNAVesiculovirus ... Protection of chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection by live vaccination with infectious ...
acute viral respiratory tract infection (en) , Orthomyxoviridae infectious disease (en) , arnas gaixotasuna, gaixotasun biriko ... aire bidezko kutsadura, droplet infection (en) , kutsapen zuzen. fomite transmission (en) Azterketa medikoa. miaketa fisiko, ... 2016-08-03). «Human Influenza Virus Infections» Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 37 (04): 487-500. doi: ... Influenzavirusa RNA motako birusa da eta Orthomyxoviridae familiaren barruan sailkatzen da[2]. ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Influenza, Human; Arthralgia; Dengue. Details Oseltamivir Phosphate. Ro ... Influenza B virus infection; Influenza A virus infections. Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd. 2010-09-10. Influenza A virus infections; ... Influenza A virus infections; Influenza, Human; Influenza B virus infection. Details Oseltamivir orally disintegrating tablets ... Hemagglutinin binds to the sialic acid-containing receptors on the surface of host cells during initial infection and at the ...
Animals, Ruminants, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, Swine, Influenzavirus C, Thogotovirus, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Antibodies, Viral ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections * Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Explore _. Similar People (60) People who share similar concepts ...
Orthomyxoviridae Infections. *Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. *Mammary Neoplasms. *Lymphoma. *Dysequilibrium Syndrome. * ...
Indirect evidence of Bourbon virus (Thogotovirus, Orthomyxoviridae) infection in North Carolina Komar N , Hamby N , Palamar MB ... unknown infection [1]. Human infections from Bourbon virus , have now been recognized in several states (i.e., Kansas, , ... Bourbon virus (Thogotovirus, Orthomyxoviridae) was discovered in 2014 when a patient with history of multiple tick bites in ...
Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. ... An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the ... The symptoms of malaria can vary depending on the type of parasite that is causing the infection, but they typically include:. ... Influenza can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus and ear infections. These complications ...
  • Dhori virus (DHOV) is a species of the genus Thogotovirus and a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Murine models of Dhori virus infection, which belongs to the Thogotovirus genus, demonstrate an exaggerated cytokine response, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and interferon (IFN). (medscape.com)
  • Of these viruses, only two have been identified in the United States: Aransas Bay virus (on the southern gulf coast of Texas), from soft ticks found in the nests of seabirds, and Bourbon virus, as a cause of human infection in Kansas and, more recently, in Missouri (although the pathogenesis remains undefined). (medscape.com)
  • Next generation antivirals are needed to treat seasonal infections and prepare against zoonotic spillover of avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A large number of bacteria other than Borrelia i.e., parasites and viruses are transmitted by tick bites and could cause different signs and symptoms in patients, the so-called co - infections (2-5). (fortuneonline.org)
  • Hantavirus Infection Hantaviridae are a family of enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses, which consists of at least 4 serotypes with 9 viruses causing 2 major, sometimes overlapping, clinical syndromes: Hemorrhagic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our recent studies identified a scavenger receptor, LDL receptor related protein 1 (Lrp1), as a potential pro-viral host factor for RVFV and related viruses, including Oropouche virus (OROV) infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection should not be overlooked even when other viruses including influenza can explain the clinical symptoms, especially in high-risk patients. (nebraska.edu)
  • They can be further broken down into subtypes depending on the combination of the proteins on their surface (e.g. influenza A) or different lineages (e.g. influenza B). Infection with influenza viruses causes influenza disease. (who.int)
  • Infections with viruses of the family FLAVIVIRIDAE. (uams.edu)
  • they occur in a random fashion and the variant viruses that have the best genetically endowed combination of efficient infection, rapid replication, and greatest survival become the dominant populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human infections by influenza A viruses commonly occur yearly, with a seasonal peak incidence [ 6 ], usually as a mild disease, but for some, as a more severe illness that may be fatal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DHOV is lethal to mice, causing systemic pathologic changes similar to those reported in humans with virulent influenza A (H5N1) virus infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this model, mice are first intranasally inoculated with biofilm-grown pneumococci to establish asymptomatic carriage, followed by IAV infection of both the nasopharynx and lungs. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we describe the emergence, virology, geographic range and ecology, and human disease caused by BRBV and discuss potential treatments for active BRBV infections. (cdc.gov)
  • As a test of the physiologic role of the NLR molecule NLRP3 during RNA viral infection, we explored the in vivo role of NLRP3 inflammasome components during influenza virus infection. (nih.gov)
  • This paper describes a novel mouse model that recreates the transition of pneumococci from asymptomatic carriage to disease upon viral infection. (lu.se)
  • An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. (lookformedical.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Flaviviridae Infections" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Flaviviridae Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Flaviviridae Infections" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
  • Given the significant roles of viral and host factors during infection, characterization of these interactions is critical for therapeutic targeting with neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surges of serum Abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending Ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). (syr.edu)
  • Although vaccination is an important strategy to prevent influenza infection, most of the current vaccines cannot provide immediate protection in the event of influenza pandemics and epidemics due to the length of time required for producing effective vaccines. (justia.com)
  • Letvin NL, Kauffman RS, Finberg R. T lymphocyte immunity to reovirus: cellular requirements for generation and role in clearance of primary infections. (umassmed.edu)
  • A genus in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE causing influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
  • The Influenza A virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, can cause influenza in humans, birds or domesticated food animals. (justia.com)
  • Influenza?A infections will be the prototype from the family members Orthomyxoviridae and still have a genome of eight single-stranded RNA sections of bad polarity. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Influenza virus is a respiratory virus that is part of the Orthomyxoviridae family. (who.int)
  • Avian Influenza AI The Avian Influenza Virus AIV is an RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family. (pamperedbirds.com)
  • The present application is drawn to neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for preventing and treating influenza virus infection and methods of treating influenza virus infection. (justia.com)
  • Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), particularly those having cross-clade neutralizing activity, play a critical role in immunoprotection against various influenza A virus (IAV) infections, particularly those caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus and any future unpredictable virus strains. (justia.com)
  • Neutralizing antibodies can provide a first line of defense against influenza pathogens and passive immunization with neutralizing MAbs can provide immediate effects to prevent the spread of influenza infection and mortality. (justia.com)
  • Influenza has a history as one of the world's most serious pathogens, with yearly regional infections and episodic global pandemics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By separating carriage and disease into distinct steps and providing the opportunity to analyze the genetic variants of both the pathogen and the host, this S. pneumoniae/IAV co-infection model permits the detailed examination of the interactions of an important pathobiont with the host at different phases of disease progression. (lu.se)
  • thus, it may be possible for transmission to occur via asymptomatic persons or persons with subclinical disease, who may be unaware that they have been exposed to the infection. (medscape.com)
  • Methods: We established a mouse vaccination model that allows control of disease severity after influenza virus infection despite inefficient induction of virus-neutralizing antibody titers by vaccination. (mssm.edu)
  • Here we present a case of influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection in a 60-year-old man with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. (nebraska.edu)
  • It is definitely known that influenza disease infection leads to the induction of apoptosis both in cell tradition and (Takizawa et al. (scienceexhibitions.org)
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an asymptomatic colonizer of the nasopharynx in most individuals but can progress to a pulmonary and systemic pathogen upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection. (lu.se)
  • Reoviridae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • In contrast, both vaccination and infection induce massive expansion of circulating Ag-specific ASCs without significant increases in the frequencies of ASCs against unrelated Ags. (syr.edu)
  • Results: Vaccination with trivalent inactivated virus vaccine (TIV) reduced morbidity after influenza A virus infection but did not prevent virus replication completely. (mssm.edu)
  • Vaccination limited loss of alveolar macrophages and reduced levels of infiltrating pulmonary monocytes after influenza virus infection. (mssm.edu)
  • Interestingly, TIV vaccination resulted in enhanced levels of eosinophils after influenza virus infection and recruitment of neutrophils in both lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes after bacterial superinfection. (mssm.edu)
  • The extent and duration of transmission of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus at Fort Dix, New Jersey, was examined with use of titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza A/Mayo Clinic/74 (HswlNl) antigen as an index of infection. (usuhs.edu)
  • Since its initial discovery, several cases of BRBV infection in humans have been identified in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, high specificity of circulating ASCs after antigenic challenge highlights the diagnostic value of interrogating ASCs as an ideal single-time-point diagnostic immune surrogate for serology during acute infection. (syr.edu)
  • For example, both seasonal and pandemic influenza can cause infections in all age groups, and most cases will result in self-limited illness in which the person recovers fully without treatment. (who.int)
  • It thus appears inevitable that, without means to prevent influenza infection, another pandemic will occur within the foreseeable future. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data help explain pneumococcal virulence after IAV infection and have important implications for studies of S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. (lu.se)
  • Additionally, PLpro can cleave both ubiquitin and the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 from host cell substrates as a mechanism to evade innate immune responses during infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Background: Influenza virus infection predisposes to secondary bacterial pneumonia. (mssm.edu)
  • Also disclosed herein is a method of treating influenza virus infection in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the neutralizing antibody specific for an epitope having at least 90% homology to amino acids +72-115 of the HA1 domain of H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin and thereby treating said influenza virus infection in said subject. (justia.com)
  • However, influenza A virus (IAV) infection releases virulent pneumococci from biofilms in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
  • Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. (nih.gov)
  • To test this model, we measure the ability of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection or immunizations to influenza virus, tetanus toxoid, hepatitis B Ag, and human papillomavirus to stimulate bystander memory cells specific for other major environmental Ags that represent a large fraction of the preexisting memory B compartment. (syr.edu)
  • You can prevent these infections by keeping your parrot away from sick birds and cleaning its environment regularly. (pamperedbirds.com)
  • Inhibition of ROS induction eliminated IL-1beta production in animals during influenza infection. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, mouse ILCs accumulated in the lung after infection with influenza virus, and depletion of ILCs resulted in loss of airway epithelial integrity, diminished lung function and impaired airway remodeling. (nih.gov)