Organophosphorus compounds. Medical search

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.

Compounds containing carbon-phosphorus bonds in which the phosphorus component is also bonded to one or more sulfur atoms. Many of these compounds function as CHOLINERGIC AGENTS and as INSECTICIDES.

A highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.

A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.

Various salts of a quaternary ammonium oxime that reconstitute inactivated acetylcholinesterase, especially at the neuromuscular junction, and may cause neuromuscular blockade. They are used as antidotes to organophosphorus poisoning as chlorides, iodides, methanesulfonates (mesylates), or other salts.

An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.

Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE.

Drugs that inhibit cholinesterases. The neurotransmitter ACETYLCHOLINE is rapidly hydrolyzed, and thereby inactivated, by cholinesterases. When cholinesterases are inhibited, the action of endogenously released acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses is potentiated. Cholinesterase inhibitors are widely used clinically for their potentiation of cholinergic inputs to the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder, the eye, and skeletal muscles; they are also used for their effects on the heart and the central nervous system.

An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent.

Drugs used to reverse the inactivation of cholinesterase caused by organophosphates or sulfonates. They are an important component of therapy in agricultural, industrial, and military poisonings by organophosphates and sulfonates.

An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.

An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed)

A mixture of isomeric tritolyl phosphates. Used in the sterilization of certain surgical instruments and in many industrial processes.

A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.

An aspect of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the three ester bonds in a phosphotriester-containing compound.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

Flies of the species Musca domestica (family MUSCIDAE), which infest human habitations throughout the world and often act as carriers of pathogenic organisms.

Inorganic derivatives of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Note that organic derivatives of phosphoric acids are listed under ORGANOPHOSPHATES.

An organothiophosphate insecticide.

An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide.

The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.

Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.

Compounds that contain the radical R2C=N.OH derived from condensation of ALDEHYDES or KETONES with HYDROXYLAMINE. Members of this group are CHOLINESTERASE REACTIVATORS.

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.

The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.

Carbon-containing thiophosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either SULFUR atom, or the OXYGEN atom of the SPO3 core structure.

A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.

The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.

Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.

An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl-dialkyl phosphate to form dialkyl phosphate and an aryl alcohol. It can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. It may also mediate an enzymatic protection of LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to ATHEROMA formation. The enzyme was previously regarded to be identical with Arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2).

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.

A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.

Cholinesterase reactivator used as an antidote in alkyl phosphate poisoning.

An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.

Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.

Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.

Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.

A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.

An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

A non-medical term defined by the lay public as a food that has little or no preservatives, which has not undergone major processing, enrichment or refinement and which may be grown without pesticides. (from Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.

A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.

Medical procedure involving the emptying of contents in the stomach through the use of a tube inserted through the nose or mouth. It is performed to remove poisons or relieve pressure due to intestinal blockages or during surgery.

A plant genus of the family APOCYNACEAE. It is a very poisonous plant that contains cardioactive agents.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood agents, blister agents, and choking agents (NOXAE).

The removing of alkyl groups from a compound. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids EC 3.1.1.23.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is coated with a stationary phase. It is used for sample cleanup before using other analytical methods.

Miniaturized methods of liquid-liquid extraction.

Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

The unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

Drugs that bind to but do not activate MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous ACETYLCHOLINE or exogenous agonists. Muscarinic antagonists have widespread effects including actions on the iris and ciliary muscle of the eye, the heart and blood vessels, secretions of the respiratory tract, GI system, and salivary glands, GI motility, urinary bladder tone, and the central nervous system.

An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain sulfur as an integral part of the molecule.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

An overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens. (1/3078)

Insecticide resistance genes have developed in a wide variety of insects in response to heavy chemical application. Few of these examples of adaptation in response to rapid environmental change have been studied both at the population level and at the gene level. One of these is the evolution of the overproduced esterases that are involved in resistance to organophosphate insecticides in the mosquito Culex pipiens. At the gene level, two genetic mechanisms are involved in esterase overproduction, namely gene amplification and gene regulation. At the population level, the co-occurrence of the same amplified allele in distinct geographic areas is best explained by the importance of passive transportation at the worldwide scale. The long-term monitoring of a population of mosquitoes in southern France has enabled a detailed study to be made of the evolution of resistance genes on a local scale, and has shown that a resistance gene with a lower cost has replaced a former resistance allele with a higher cost. (+info)

The bystander effect in the HSVtk/ganciclovir system and its relationship to gap junctional communication. (2/3078)

The bystander effect (BSE) is an interesting and important property of the herpes thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (hTK/GCV) system of gene therapy for cancer. With the BSE, not only are the hTK expressing cells killed upon ganciclovir (GCV) exposure but also neighboring wild-type tumor cells. On testing a large number of tumor cell lines in vitro, a wide range of sensitivity to bystander killing was found. Since transfer of toxic GCV metabolites from hTK-modified to wild-type tumor cells via gap junctions (GJ) seemed to be a likely mechanism of the BSE, we tested GJ function in these various tumors with a dye transfer technique and pharmacological agents known to affect GJ communication. We confirmed that mixtures of tumor cell resistant to the BSE did not show dye transfer from cell to cell while bystander-sensitive tumor cells did. Dieldrin, a drug known to decrease GJ communication, diminished dye transfer and also inhibited the BSE. Forskolin, an upregulator of cAMP did increase GJ, but directly inhibited hTK and therefore its effect on BSE could not be determined. We conclude that these observations further support port the concept that functional GJ play an important role in the BSE and further suggest that pharmacological manipulation of GJ may influence the outcome of cancer therapy with hTK/GCV. (+info)

Comparison of two in vitro activation systems for protoxicant organophosphorous esterase inhibitors. (3/3078)

In order to perform in vitro testing of esterase inhibition caused by organophosphorous (OP) protoxicants, simple, reliable methods are needed to convert protoxicants to their esterase-inhibiting forms. Incubation of parathion or chlorpyrifos with 0.05% bromine solution or uninduced rat liver microsomes (RLM) resulted in production of the corresponding oxygen analogs of these OP compounds and markedly increased esterase inhibition in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Neither activation system affected cell viability or the activity of AChE or NTE in the absence of OP compounds. Although parathion and chlorpyrifos were activated by RLM, bromine activation required fewer steps and produced more esterase inhibition for a given concentration of chlorpyrifos. However, RLM activation of OP protoxicants produced metabolites other than oxygen analogs and may, therefore, be more relevant as a surrogate for OP biotransformation in vivo. This methodology makes the use of intact cells for in vitro testing of esterase inhibition caused by protoxicant organophosphate compounds a viable alternative to in vivo tests. (+info)

Comparative study of the anti-human cytomegalovirus activities and toxicities of a tetrahydrofuran phosphonate analogue of guanosine and cidofovir. (4/3078)

Cidofovir is the first nucleoside monophosphate analogue currently being used for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) retinitis in individuals with AIDS. Unfortunately, the period of therapy with the use of this compound may be limited due to the possible emergence of serious irreversible nephrotoxic effects. New drugs with improved toxicity profiles are needed. The goal of this study was to investigate the anticytomegaloviral properties and drug-induced toxicity of a novel phosphonate analogue, namely, (-)-2-(R)-dihydroxyphosphinoyl-5-(S)-(guanin-9'-yl-methyl) tetrahydrofuran (compound 1), in comparison with those of cidofovir. The inhibitory activities of both compounds on HCMV propagation in vitro were similar against the AD 169 and Towne strains, with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.17 microgram/ml for cidofovir and < 0.05 to 0.09 microgram/ml for compound 1. A clinical HCMV isolate that was resistant to ganciclovir and that had a known mutation within the UL54 DNA polymerase gene and a cidofovir-resistant laboratory strain derived from strain AD 169 remained sensitive to compound 1, whereas their susceptibilities to ganciclovir and cidofovir were reduced by 33- and 10-fold, respectively. Both compound 1 and cidofovir exhibited equal potencies in an experimentally induced murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in mice, with a prevention or prolongation of mean day to death at dosages of 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight/day. In cytotoxicity experiments, compound 1 was found to be generally more toxic than cidofovir in cell lines Hs68, HFF, and 3T3-L1 (which are permissive for HCMV or MCMV replication) but less toxic than cidofovir in MRC-5 cells (which are permissive for HCMV replication). Drug-induced toxic side effects were noticed for both compounds in rats and guinea pigs in a 5-day repeated-dose study. In guinea pigs, a greater weight loss was noticed with cidofovir than with compound 1 at dosages of 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day. An opposite effect was detected in rats, which were treated with the compounds at relatively high dosages (up to 100 mg/kg/day). Compound 1 and cidofovir were nephrotoxic in both rats and guinea pigs, with the epithelium lining the proximal convoluted tubules in the renal cortex being the primary target site. The incidence and the severity of the lesions were found to be dose dependent. The lesions observed were characterized by cytoplasm degeneration and nuclear modifications such as karyomegaly, the presence of pseudoinclusions, apoptosis, and degenerative changes. In the guinea pig model, a greater incidence and severity of lesions were observed for cidofovir than for compound 1 (P < 0.001) with a drug regimen of 10 mg/kg/day. (+info)

A phosphonate-induced gene which promotes Penicillium-mediated bioconversion of cis-propenylphosphonic acid to fosfomycin. (5/3078)

Penicillium decumbens is able to epoxidize cis-propenylphosphonic acid (cPA) to produce the antibiotic fosfomycin [FOM; also referred to as phosphonomycin and (-)-cis-1,2-epoxypropylphosphonic acid], a bioconversion of considerable commercial significance. We sought to improve the efficiency of the process by overexpression of the genes involved. A conventional approach of isolating the presumed epoxidase and its corresponding gene was not possible since cPA epoxidation could not be achieved with protein extracts. As an alternative approach, proteins induced by cPA were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The observation that a 31-kDa protein (EpoA) was both cPA induced and overaccumulated in a strain which more efficiently converted cPA suggested that it might take part in the bioconversion. EpoA was purified, its amino acid sequence was partially determined, and the corresponding gene was isolated from cosmid and cDNA libraries with oligonucleotide probes. The DNA sequence for this gene (epoA) contained two introns and an open reading frame encoding a peptide of 277 amino acids having some similarity to oxygenases. When the gene was subcloned into P. decumbens, a fourfold increase in epoxidation activity was achieved. epoA-disruption mutants which were obtained by homologous recombination could not convert cPA to FOM. To investigate the regulation of the epoA promoter, the bialaphos resistance gene (bar, encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase) was used to replace the epoA-coding region. In P. decumbens, expression of the bar reporter gene was induced by cPA, FOM, and phosphorous acid but not by phosphoric acid. (+info)

Cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in J774 macrophages occurs in the cytoplasm and lysosomes. (6/3078)

The relationship of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis to the physical state of the cholesteryl ester in J774 murine macrophages was explored in cells induced to store cholesteryl esters either in anisotropic (ordered) inclusions or isotropic (liquid) inclusions. In contrast to other cell systems, the rate of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was faster in cells containing anisotropic inclusions than in cells containing isotropic inclusions. Two contributing factors were identified. Kinetic analyses of the rates of hydrolysis are consistent with a substrate competition by co-deposited triglyceride in cells with isotropic inclusions. In addition, hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in cells with anisotropic droplets is mediated by both cytoplasmic and lysosomal lipolytic enzymes, as shown by using the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, and an inhibitor of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase, umbelliferyl diethylphosphate. In cells containing anisotropic inclusions, hydrolysis was partially inhibited by incubation in media containing either chloroquine or umbelliferyl diethylphosphate. Together, chloroquine and umbelliferyl diethylphosphate completely inhibited hydrolysis. However, when cells containing isotropic inclusions were incubated with umbelliferyl diethylphosphate, cholesteryl ester hydrolysis was completely inhibited, but chloroquine had no effect. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a primarily lysosomal location for lipid droplets in cells with anisotropic droplets and both non-lysosomal and lysosomal populations of lipid droplets in cells with isotropic droplets. These results support the conclusion that there is a lysosomal component to the hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters in foam cells. (+info)

Binding conformers searching method for ligands according to the structures of their receptors and its application to thrombin inhibitors. (7/3078)

AIM: To develop a method of finding binding conformers for ligands according to the three-dimensional structures of their receptors. METHODS: Combining the systematic search method of ligand with the molecular docking approach of ligand fitting into its receptor, we developed a binding conformer searching method for ligands. RESULTS: The binding conformers of phosphonopeptidyl thrombin inhibitors were recognized. The binding (interaction) energies between these inhibitors and thrombin were calculated with molecular mechanical method. CONCLUSION: Both of the total binding energies and steric binding energies have good correlations with the inhibitory activities of these thrombin inhibitors, demonstrating that our approach is reasonable. It can also be used to explain the inhibition mechanism of thrombin interacting with these inhibitors. (+info)

Early short-term 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine treatment favorably alters the subsequent disease course in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected newborn Rhesus macaques. (8/3078)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of newborn macaques is a useful animal model of human pediatric AIDS to study disease pathogenesis and to develop intervention strategies aimed at delaying disease. In the present study, we demonstrate that very early events of infection greatly determine the ultimate disease course, as short-term antiviral drug administration during the initial viremia stage significantly delayed the onset of AIDS. Fourteen newborn macaques were inoculated orally with uncloned, highly virulent SIVmac251. The four untreated control animals showed persistently high virus levels and poor antiviral immune responses; they developed fatal immunodeficiency within 15 weeks. In contrast, SIV-infected newborn macaques which were started on 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) treatment at 5 days of age and continued for either 14 or 60 days showed reduced virus levels and enhanced antiviral immune responses. This short-term PMPA treatment did not induce detectable emergence of SIV mutants with reduced in vitro susceptibility to PMPA. Although viremia increased in most animals after PMPA treatment was withdrawn, all animals remained disease-free for at least 6 months. Our data suggest that short-term treatment with a potent antiviral drug regimen during the initial viremia will significantly prolong AIDS-free survival for HIV-infected infants and adults. (+info)

Hafner, Michael; Wegemann, Thomas; Regitz, Manfred (1993). "Organophosphorus Compounds; 72. 1 The Tri- tert -butylcyclopropenyl ... One compound, ArP=C=CPh2 (Ar =Mes*) was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This compound showed ... In compounds with the antisymmetric form X=C=Y, IR stretching bands are observed in the 1600-2300 cm-1 region. However, the IR ... In similar compounds containing a C=C=N skeleton, there is a very strong band present within the 1600 - 2300 cm-1 region. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Phosphaallenes

Collins, DJ; Drygala, PF; Swan, JM (1983). "Organophosphorus compounds. XIX. Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1 H-1,2-benzazaphosphole ... Maier, Ludwig (October 1991). "Organic Phosphorus Compounds 98.1Synthesis and Properties of N-Methylaminomethylphosphonic Acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphosphinic_acid

... s (R 1R 2C 2PY 1Y+ 2) are a series of organophosphorus compounds containing unsaturated three-membered ring ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Organophosphorus compounds, Cations, Quaternary ... "Organophosphorus Compounds; 122. Alkylation of 1H-Phosphirenes with Triflates - Synthesis of λ5σ4-1H-Phosphirenium Cations". ... Reminiscent of π-ligand exchange in coordination compounds, a phosphirenium ion may undergo alkyne exchange with other alkynes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphirenium_ion

Organophosphorus flame retardants have been detected in wastewater in Spain and Sweden, and some compounds do not appear to be ... Organophosphorus compounds. This class includes organophosphates such as triphenyl phosphate (TPP), resorcinol bis( ... Mineral flame retardants are typically additive while organohalogen and organophosphorus compounds can be either reactive or ... In one important class of flame retardants, compounds contain both phosphorus and a halogen. Such compounds include tris(2,3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_retardant

Cohen JA, Oosterbaan RA, Berends F (1967). "[81] Organophosphorus compounds". Enzyme Structure. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 11 ... A common treatment for erectile dysfunction is sildenafil (Viagra). This compound is a potent inhibitor of cGMP specific ... In many cases, allosteric, substrate competitive compounds result in conformational changes to the enzyme that change the ... Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 5-24. ISBN 978-0-08-054310-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

... are usually organophosphorus compounds with the formula R2POH. They are pyramidal in structure. Phosphorus is ... doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)88307-0. (Functional groups, Organophosphorus compounds). ... compounds with the formula R3PO cannot tautomerize. The situation is different for the secondary and primary phosphine oxides, ... OPR2H Even the pentafluorophenyl compound P(C6F5)2OH is unstable with respect to the phosphine oxide. Although phosphinous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinous_acids

... that can generate and transfer phosphinidenes as reactive intermediates in the synthesis of various organophosphorus compounds ... Phospha-Wittig compounds can be viewed as a phosphinidene stabilized by a phosphine. These compounds have been given the label ... Calculations at the M06-2X/def2-TZVPP//M06-2X/def2-SVP level of theory were applied to a simplified model compound with ... Carbene analog Phosphorus compounds IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinidene

Fonnum, F.; Sterri, S.H. (1981). "Factors modifying the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds including soman and sarin". ... Jokanović, M. (2001-09-25). "Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds". Toxicology. 166 (3): 139-160. doi:10.1016/s0300- ... Soman is an organophosphorus nerve agent with a mechanism of action similar to Tabun. Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholine ... As soman is closely related to compounds such as sarin, indications for a soman poisoning are relatively similar. One of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soman

ISBN 0-8493-7765-X. edited; Edmundson, compiled by R.S. (1988). Dictionary of organophosphorus compounds. London: Chapman and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_prasinus

Dictionary of organophosphorus compounds. London: Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0-412-25790-4. {{cite book}}: ,last1= has generic name ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_rishiriensis

Jokanović, Milan (2001-09-25). "Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds". Toxicology. 166 (3): 139-160. doi:10.1016/ ... "Structure-Activity Relationships of the Organophosphorus Anticholinesterase Agents, Historical development of organophosphorus ... In the meantime, organophosphorus chemistry has really started developing with the help of A. W. von Hofmann, Carl Arnold ... The compound hydrolyzes rapidly. TEPP is an insecticide to aphids, mites, spiders, mealybugs, leafhoppers, lygus bugs, thrips, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyl_pyrophosphate

Pedersen B. S., Scheibye S., Nilson N, H,, Lawesson S. O. (1978). "Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds .10. Synthesis of ... Lawesson undertook a general survey of the reactivity of organic compounds with this reagent. It is often named after him as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sven-Olov_Lawesson

Scheibye, S.; Kristensen, J.; Lawesson, S.-O. (1979). "Studies on organophosphorus compounds XXVII. Synthesis of thiono-, ... "Studies on organophosphorus compounds XX. syntheses of thioketones". Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 87 (3): 223-228. doi:10.1002/bscb. ... "Studies on organophosphorus compounds XXXI. Synthesis of thiolactams and thioimides". Nouveau Journal de Chimie. 1980 (4): 47. ... Lawesson's reagent (LR) is a chemical compound used in organic synthesis as a thiation agent. Lawesson's reagent was first made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawesson's_reagent

Augustinsson K-B; Heimburger G (1954). "Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds. II. Analysis of reaction products ... Augustinsson K-B; Heimburger G (1954). "Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds. IV. Specificity studies". Acta Chem ... Augustinsson K-B; Heimburger G (1954). "Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphorus compounds. I. Occurrence of enzymes ... At least one compound, chelating agent is known to inhibit this enzyme. As of late 2007, 16 structures have been solved for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diisopropyl-fluorophosphatase

Singh BK, Walker A (May 2006). "Microbial degradation of organophosphorus compounds". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 30 (3): 428-71 ... Organophosphate is the general name for esters of phosphoric acid and is one of the organophosphorus compounds. They can be ... The enzyme phosphotriesterase hydrolyzes organophosphate compounds by cleaving the triester linkage in the substrate. The ... Singh BK (February 2009). "Organophosphorus-degrading bacteria: ecology and industrial applications". Nature Reviews. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryldialkylphosphatase

3, p. 332 Shabana, R.; Scheibye, S.; Clausen, K.; Olesen, S.O.; Lawesson, S.-O. (1980). "Studies on organophosphorus compounds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioamide

... is an organophosphorus compound. Abbreviated t-BuCP, it was the first example of an isolable ... 2-additions of halogenated compounds. Organolithium compounds and enophiles can also react with C-P triple bonds, along with [2 ... Nixon, John F. "Coordination chemistry of compounds containing phosphorus-carbon multiple bonds." Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 1327. ... "Molecular structures of phosphorus compounds : Part IX. Gas-phase structure of 2,2-dimethylpropylidynephosphine." Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tert-Butylphosphaacetylene

... is an organophosphorus compound. It is highly toxic. "METHYL PHENKAPTON , CAMEO Chemicals , NOAA". ... Methoxy compounds, Thiophosphoryl compounds, Chloroarenes, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ... parathion hydrolase from Azohydromonas australica and its high effectiveness in the degradation of various organophosphorus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl_phenkapton

The name "phosphine" was first used for organophosphorus compounds in 1857, being analogous to organic amines (NR3). The gas ... organo-nitrogen compounds), "arsine" (organo-arsenic compounds), and "stibine" (organo-antimony compounds). NIOSH Pocket Guide ... Phosphine is a precursor to many organophosphorus compounds. It reacts with formaldehyde in the presence of hydrogen chloride ... "Phosphine in the Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds". Russian Chemical Reviews. 68 (3): 215-227. Bibcode:1999RuCRv..68.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine

Diphosphene is a type of organophosphorus compound that has a phosphorus-phosphorus double bond, denoted by R-P=P-R'. These ... doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00996-6. Yoshifuji, Masaaki (2017-03-01). "Sterically protected organophosphorus compounds of unusual ... A borylzinc chloride was prepared by from a bulky boryl-lithium compound. This nucleophilic borylzinc compound could attack the ... Organophosphorus compounds, Functional groups, Pages that use a deprecated format of the chem tags). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphosphenes

"Phosphine in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds". Russian Chemical Reviews. 68. doi:10.1070/RC1999v068n03ABEH000464. J ... The method is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. Cyanoethylation entails addition of protic nucleophiles to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoethylation

... is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C 4H 9) 3. Abbreviated or PBu 3, it is a tertiary ... "Phosphine in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds". Russian Chemical Reviews. 68 (3): 215-227. Bibcode:1999RuCRv..68.. ... Jürgen Svara, Norbert Weferling and Thomas Hofmann "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... the compound is usually handled under an inert atmosphere. The phosphine is also easily alkylated. For example, benzyl chloride ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributylphosphine

... is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH2CH2CN)3. It is white solid that is air stable ... Trofimov, Boris A.; Arbuzova, Svetlana N.; Gusarova, Nina K. (1999). "Phosphine in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds ... The compound has been the subject of much research. For example, it is an effective reagent for the desulfurization of organic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine

In organic chemistry, Wittig reagents are organophosphorus compounds of the formula R3P=CHR', where R is usually phenyl. They ... CS1 maint: uses authors parameter, Organophosphorus compounds). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittig_reagents

... s are organophosphorus compounds with the formula PRnH3−n, where R is an organic substituent. These compounds ... "Phosphine in the Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds". Russian Chemical Reviews. 68 (3): 215-227. Bibcode:1999RuCRv..68.. ... The use of organophosphorus-based nucleophiles is typical. For example, lithium diphenylphosphide is readily methylated with ... ISBN 978-0-470-66627-2. G.M. Kosolapoff and L. Maier (1972). Organic Phosphorus Compounds, Volume 1. New York, N. Y.: John ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphine

Trofimov, Boris A.; Arbuzova, Svetlana N.; Gusarova, Nina K. (1999). "Phosphine in the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds ... Quin, L. D. A Guide to Organophosphorus Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2000; pp 28-29. Alonso, Francisco; Moglie, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophosphination

Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorus Compounds , SpringerLink. www.springer.com. (All articles with bare URLs for ... Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Organophosphorous Compounds. Springer, 2014. https://dept-toxicology.mums.ac.ir/images/dept- ... Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds. Springer, 2015. Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism. Springer 2015. ... Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds , SpringerLink. www.springer.com. Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism , ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi_Balali-Mood

"Nerve Agents - Lethal organo-phosphorus compounds inhibiting cholinesterase". Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical ... Some of the chemicals from this class of compounds formed a new group of nerve agents called V Agents. The British Government ... The toxicity of these substances had not passed unnoticed by the British Government, as some of the compounds had already been ... Calderbank, Alan (1978). "Chapter 6: Organophosphorus Insecticides". In Peacock, F.C. (ed.). Jealott's Hill: Fifty years of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VG_(nerve_agent)

Chapter 10 of The chemistry of organophosphorus compounds. Volume 4, Ter- and quinque-valent phosphorus acids and their ... 1996) Black, R. M.; Harrison, J. M. (2009). "The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Chemical Warfare Agents". PATai's Chemistry of ... Black R.M., Harrison J.M. The chemistry of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR_(nerve_agent)

Balali-Mood, Mahdi (January 2008). "Neurotoxic disorders of organophosphorus compounds and their managements". Arch Iran Med. ... Toxins include organophosphate compounds which have been used as pesticides and as chemical agents in warfare. The poison can ... lead to further damage to the body such as a neurodegenerative disorder called organophosphorus induced delayed polyneuropathy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foot_drop

"OPCW finds 'chlorinated compounds' in Douma". BBC. 7 July 2018.. *^ Deutsch, Anthony (8 July 2018). "Chemical weapons agency ... although no organophosphorous nerve agents or their degradation products were detected.[27][28][29] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs

However, although the compound biodegrades easily and does not bioaccumulate, it is readily detected because of the sheer ... "Organophosphorus flame retardants and phthalate esters in indoor dust from different microenvironments: Bioaccessibility and ... Still, bioaccumulation of the compound has been found to occur at varying levels in fish, with the strongest patterns showing ... Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is the chemical compound with the formula OP(OC6H5)3. This colourless solid is the ester (triester) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenyl_phosphate

A phosphine telluride refers to organophosphorus compounds with the formula R3PTe (R = alkyl or aryl). They are structurally ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphine_telluride

Organophosphorus compounds Organotin compounds Mercury and its compounds Cadmium and its compounds Cyanides Substances which ... Organohalogen compounds (and substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment) ... Low activity organic compounds. Gypsum and calcium sulphate based plaster, if disposed of in a separate containment cell on a ... Inorganic compounds of phosphorus and elemental phosphorus Fluorides Ammonia and nitrites The prevention of these listed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfills_in_the_United_Kingdom

Diethyl chlorophosphate is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2P(O)Cl. As an reagent in organic synthesis, it ... The compound is prepared by the chlorination of diethylphosphite with carbon tetrachloride (Atherton-Todd reaction). The ... compound is electrophilic. Controlled hydrolysis gives tetraethyl pyrophosphate. Alcohols react to vie mixed phosphate esters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyl_phosphorochloridate

Organothiophosphates are a subclass of organophosphorus compounds that are structurally related to the inorganic thiophosphates ... Common members have formulas of the type (RO)3−xRxPS and related compounds where RO is replaced by RS. Many of these compounds ... Thiophosphates (or phosphorothioates, PS) are chemical compounds and anions with the general chemical formula PS 4−xO3− x (x = ... J. Svara, N. Weferling, T. Hofmann "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiophosphate

... an organophosphorus compound Plasmodium falciparum, a species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans Polar front, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PF

... s or hypophosphites are a class of phosphorus compounds conceptually based on the structure of hypophosphorous acid ... while phosphinate typically refers to organophosphorus species. The hypophosphite ion is (H 2PO 2)− . The salts are prepared by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphinate

... and are useful reagents for the synthesis of various organophosphorus compounds. The PCO− and PCS− anions are also known. While ... Methylidynephosphane (phosphaethyne) is a chemical compound which was the first phosphaalkyne compound discovered, containing ... Gier TE (1961). "HCP, A Unique Phosphorus Compound". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83 (7): 1769-1770. doi:10.1021/ja01468a058. Regitz M ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylidynephosphane

... is the organophosphorus compound with the formula [PPh2]2, where Ph = phenyl (C6H5). It is a white, air- ... 2 NaCl The compound is used as a source of the Ph2P− group. Ph2P-PPh2 + 2 Na → + 2 NaPPh2 Tam, Eric C. Y.; Maynard, Nicola A.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraphenyldiphosphine

The Kirsanov reaction is a method for the synthesis of certain organophosphorus compounds. In this reaction a tertiary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsanov_reaction

... , sulfursarin or GBS, is the organophosphorus compound analogous to sarin. It differs structurally in that sulfur ... It is estimated to have a boiling point of 144-167 °C. It is a more nonpolar compound, with a solubility in water of 7 g/L. ... GS agents are a series of G compounds. GBS is generally lower than sarin. The little open military literature may be due to the ... The open literature reports that the compound has been cataloged as GS, but this statement is incorrect, it belongs to EA-1246 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiosarin

... is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (CH3)2PH, often written Me2PH. It is a malodorous gas that ... H The compound exhibits the properties characteristic of a secondary phosphine, i.e., a compound of the type R2PH. It can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylphosphine

They recommended that the distribution of agricultural organophosphorus compounds be restricted. Similarly, Nandi et al. in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers'_suicides_in_India

... is an organophosphorus compound with the formula [(C4H9)2C6H3O]3P. This white solid is a ... The compound is a phosphite ester derived from di-tert-butylphenol. Rainer Wolf; Bansi Lal Kaul (2000). "Plastics, Additives". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite

... (THPC) is an organophosphorus compound with the chemical formula [P(CH2OH)4]Cl. The ... Phosphorus Compounds, Organic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2008 Svara, Jürgen; ... Weferling, Norbert; Hofmann, Thomas (2006). "Phosphorus Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium_chloride

It is part of the chemical class of organophosphorus compounds, and is a yellow to reddish-yellow transparent liquid. Cyanophos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanophos

Jamal GA, Hansen S, Julu PO (December 2002). "Low level exposures to organophosphorus esters may cause neurotoxicity". ... Gupta RC (28 April 2011). Toxicology of Organophosphate & Carbamate Compounds. Academic Press. pp. 352-353. ISBN 978-0-08- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_poisoning

Organophosphorus chemistry Phosphole Indole International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic ... Benzophosphole is the organic compound with the chemical formula C8H7P; it is the phosphorus analog of indole. The term ... Heterocyclic compounds with 2 rings, Simple aromatic rings). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzophosphole

2,2′-Biphenylene phosphorochloridite is the name for a polycyclic organophosphorus compound with the formula C12H8O2PCl. It is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,2'-Biphenylene_phosphorochloridite

... s are organophosphorus compounds with the formula (RO)2P(O)CR'2NR"2. These compounds are structural analogues ... Because these compounds are of pharmaceutical interest, methods have been developed to induce these additions asymmetrically. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminophosphonate

... is the organophosphorus compound with the formula C(PPh3)2 (where Ph = C6H5). It is a yellow, ... The compound is classified as an ylide and as such carries significant negative charge on carbon. It is isoelectronic with bis( ... The compound was originally prepared by deprotonation of the phosphonium salt [HC(PPh3)2]Br using potassium. An improved ... The pure compound has two crystalline phases: a metastable monoclinic C2 phase that is triboluminescent, and an orthorhombic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane

... is an organophosphorus compound with the formula C6H5OP(O)(NH2)2. A white solid, it is used as an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenyl_phosphorodiamidate

Any alkyl iodide present will give a reaction with the silver compound to silver iodide which has a red or yellow color. By ... groups in carbohydrate and organophosphorus insecticides. An alternative qualitative Zeisel test can be done with the use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeisel_determination

... *Framework for Assessing Health Impacts of ... Interaction Profile for Mixtures of Insecticides: Pyrethroids, Organophosphorus Compounds, and Carbamates. (Draft for Public ... Mixtures of Insecticides: Pyrethroids, Organophosphorus Compounds, and Carbamates. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/interactionprofiles/ip15.html

Evaluates risks to human health and the environment posed by the production and use of triphenyl phosphate, a compound widely ... Technical report: short-term impact of pyraclofos (‎a new organophosphate compound)‎ on the non-target fauna in tropical ... Anopheles albimanus : development of carbamate and organophosphorus resistance in nature G. P. Georghiou, V. Ariaratnam, S. G. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Organophosphorus+Compounds&type=mesh

Animal Models That Best Reproduce the Clinical Manifestations of Human Intoxication with Organophosphorus Compounds. Edna F. R ... Animal Models That Best Reproduce the Clinical Manifestations of Human Intoxication with Organophosphorus Compounds ... Clinical Manifestations of Human Exposure to OP Compounds: Acute and Long-Term Clinical Signs and Symptoms ... Molecular Mechanisms That Contribute to the Acute and Delayed Toxicity of OP Compounds ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/350/2/313/tab-e-letters

organo-sulphur, mercury, tetramethyl lead, tetraethyl lead and tributyltin compounds, and organo-phosphorous derivatives). This ... organo-sulphur, mercury, tetramethyl lead, tetraethyl lead and tributyltin compounds, and organo-phosphorous derivatives) ... organo-sulphur, mercury, tetramethyl lead, tetraethyl lead and tributyltin compounds, and organo-phosphorous derivatives) ... Separate chemically defined organo-inorganic compounds (excl. organo-sulphur compounds and those of mercury) Commodity code: 29 ...

https://www.uktradeinfo.com/commodities/293190

Bhalla A, Jajoo U. Food poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds. National Medical Journal of India. 1999 Mar-Apr; 12(2): 90 ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118156?locale=zh_TW

Quantification of Glyphosate and Other Organophosphorus Compounds in Human Urine via Ion Chromatography Isotope Dilution Tandem ... Quantification of Glyphosate and Other Organophosphorus Compounds in Human Urine via Ion Chromatography Isotope Dilution Tandem ... Title : Quantification of Glyphosate and Other Organophosphorus Compounds in Human Urine via Ion Chromatography Isotope ... Organophosphorus pesticides are the most used pesticides in the United States. Most organophosphorus pesticides are composed of ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/113045

Results of search for su:{Organophosphorus compounds} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BOrganophosphorus%20compounds%7D

Organophosphorus compounds. Phosgene. *Specific Gravity:. 1.66. *Vapor Pressure:. 18 mm Hg. *Volatility:. 55,700 mg/m3 at 32°F ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750034.html

Organophosphorus compounds * Phosphine The Chemical terrorism agents and syndromes: signs and symptoms sheet (copyright ... laboratory study with model compounds. Water Environ Res. 2004 Mar-Apr. 76(2):113-20. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/814287-94606/what-is-the-significance-of-the-presence-of-lactic-acidosis-in-the-diagnosis-of-cyanide-toxicity

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274421/browse?rpp=20&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&etal=-1&starts_with=N&order=ASC

Effects of subchronic inhalation exposure to an organophosphorus insecticide compound cont Effects of subchronic inhalation ... Results There was no significant change in body mass gain and plasma cholinesterase in the dichlorvos based organophosphorus ... exposure to an organophosphorus insecticide compound containing dichlorvos on wistar rats otoacoustic emissions / Efeitos da ... Objective To evaluate if the exposure to a dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide may induce ototoxicity. Methods 36 ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1364575

Organophosphorus compounds; Phosphates; Bromides; Immune system disorders; Chronic diseases; Military personnel; Author ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=pesticide+or+pesticides+or+insecticide+or+insecticides+or+herbicide+or+herbicides+or+fungicide+or+fungicides&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=pesticide+or+pesticides+or+insecticide+or+insecticides+or+herbicide+or+herbicides+or+fungicide+or+fungicides&B1=Search&terms=4&Adv=1&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&EndYear=&D1=10&PageNo=6&RecNo=53&View=f&

Dichlorvos is a member of a group of chemicals called organophosphorus compounds. Some of these chemicals are extremely harmful ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/PHS/PHS.aspx?phsid=595&toxid=111

protective clothing; safety consciousness; organophosphorus compounds; cholinesterase; pesticide spraying; exposure evaluation ...

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/cisdoc2/cismain.details?p_lang=en&p_doc_id=78408

Organophosphorus Compounds / pharmacology* * Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / pharmacology* * Reverse Transcriptase ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14982794/

Organophosphorus pesticides; Organophosphorus compounds; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory system disorders; Pulmonary system; ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=noise%2A&f1=%2A&s2=&PageNo=74&RecNo=736&View=f&

EXPERIMENT IN THE USE OF A HIGH-SPEED COMPUTER FOR ANALYZING MIXTURES OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS BY INFRARED SPECTRA. USSR ... Experiment in the Use of a High-Speed Computer for Analyzing Mixtures of Organophosphorus Compounds by Infrared Spectra [ ...

https://catalog.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/21347451

Inorganic phosphorus compounds;. *Organophosphorus compounds;. * Reactives. * Additives. *Elemental phosphorus; and. *Mixed ... Together all these compounds provided a nitrogen-phosphorus synergistic flame retardant. The production of a vinyl group- ... Phosphorus Compounds as Condensed Phase Flame Retardants for Polymer-based Materials, Professor John Ebdon, University of ... Issues such as corrosion and wear affected the choice of materials for compounding machinery and migration of the flame ...

https://www.soci.org/news/fire-materials/fire-retardant-technologies-2014

Predicting the need for ventilatory support in organophosphorous compound poisoning ... Background: Organophosphorus compound poisoning is one of the most common poisonings often requiring ICU care and ventilatory ... Methods: All the patients who were diagnosed to have consumed organophosphorus compound poison admitted in RLJ Hospital and SNR ... Intensive care management of acute organophosphorous compound: a 7-year experience in the west cape. South Af Med J. 1987;72: ...

https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/view/5608

ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUND WITH PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE LEVELS ... VijayaKumar PG, Samudram P, Rajendren C, Pregna B. Isoenzyme pattern of Creatine kinase in acute Organophosphorous compound ... ASSESSMENT OF SEVERITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUND WITH PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE LEVELS. ... Organophosphorous poisoning (OP poisoning) is common poisoning specially in developing countries like India. Laboratory ...

http://worldwidejournals.org/index.php/ijsr/article/view/2069

Organophosphorous Pesticides use Insecticides, Organophosphate. Organophosphorus Compounds. Organophosphorus Pesticides use ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2008_Alfab-O_ing.htm

Organophosphorus compounds and MAPK signaling pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020;21(12):4258. https:// ... Targeting NF-κB signaling by Calebin A, a compound of turmeric, in multicellular tumor microenvironment: potential role of ...

https://www.uni-augsburg.de/de/fakultaet/med/profs/anatomie/publikationen/buhrmann/

If youd like to add this item to compare, please uncheck one of the other 4 items. If youd like to add this item to compare, please uncheck one of the other 2 items. ...

https://www.entegris.com/shop/en/USD/Variant-Categories/Leg-2-Size/5-16/c/5Over32InchLeg2SizeConfig

... is also an organophosphorus compound with the formula OP(OR)/* Chemical properties */ 3 ... The various metaphosphate ions have an empirical formula of PO3− and are found in many compounds. ... forming an ionic compound. Many phosphates are not soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure. ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Phosphate.html

Asymmetric catalysis as a method for the synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2014, 25 (12 ... Text, figures, and tables giving experimental procedures and spectroscopic data for all compounds and a CIF file giving ... Versatile Cu I /Pd 0 Dual Catalysis for the Synthesis of Quaternary α-Allylated Carbonyl Compounds: Development, Mechanistic ... 3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Organic Letters 2014, 16 (2) , 588-591. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol403469m ...

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om300219f

Organophosphorus Compounds [D02.705]. *Diphosphonates [D02.705.206]. Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is related to " ... Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Diphosphonates

In the main, these have been organophosphorus compounds. Those derived from readily-available, inexpensive and nontoxic ... Effective organophosphorus flame retardants have been prepared using a variety of biobased precursors. Perhaps most notable are ... At high temperature, as in a fire, these compounds are converted to volatile, very toxic dioxans and furans. They may also ... Consequently, the use of these compounds is under increasing societal and regulatory pressure worldwide. Some have been banned ...

https://www.4spe.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=7656

Structure-efficiency relationships of cyclodextrin scavengers in the hydrolytic degradation of organophosphorus compounds * ... Figure 8: Hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon (0.5 mM) in the presence of mixtures of compounds 4, 5 with IBA or im... ... Figure 5: Hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon (0.5 mM) in the presence of compounds 1, 2, 3 or 2-iodosobenzoic acid... ... Figure 6: Hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon (0.5 mM) in the presence of compounds 1, 2, 3 or 2-iodosobenzoic acid... ...

https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/series/64

... are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times. Poisonous plants from Solanaceae family ( ... Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review. Arch Toxicol. 2020;94(7):2275-92. ... antidote against organophosphorus compounds poisoning [39].. The common side effects of TAs are related to parasympathetic ... Thus, people are easily addicted to these compounds. Researchers confirmed the role of α6β2* and α4β2* in nicotine and α6β2* ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13659-022-00357-w

Pesticides act as toxic compounds to all living organisms and hence used to control the insects, weeds, nematodes and other various pests. (nature.com)
Organophosphorus compounds represent nerve agents, pesticides and several industrial compounds. (nel.edu)
Laboratory experimental studies using model compounds suggest that many pesticides currently used in Europe - including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, and chlorophenoxy herbicides - can cause neurodevelopmental toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
A few hundred different compounds are authorised for use in all EU member states, but a similar number of pesticides is in current use in different EU countries and are being evaluated for possible authorisation in all of EU. (biomedcentral.com)
Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS . (bvsalud.org)
These substances include certain pesticides, poisons that attack the nerves, and specific natural toxins including a compound called solanine found in green potato skin. (medlineplus.gov)
Evaluation of candidate genes for cholinesterase activity in farmworkers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides: association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in BCHE. (medlineplus.gov)

Results There was no significant change in body mass gain and plasma cholinesterase in the dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide group, however, the animals showed transient piloerection , depression and dyspnea during exposure. (bvsalud.org)
Nouria S, Abroug F, Elatrous S, Boujdarin R. Prognostic value of serum cholinesterase in organophosphorous poisoning. (msjonline.org)
An organophosphorous ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. (fluoridealert.org)
Isoflurophate is an organophosphorus compound that acts as an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor. (meltingpointathens.com)
An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. (nih.gov)

Its antidote is another natural plant compound known as physostigmine or the organophosphorus insecticides known as parathion. (sagescript.com)
The etiology of HCL has not been determined, although some investigators suggest that exposures to benzene, organophosphorus insecticides, or other solvents may be related to disease development. (medscape.com)

Tsao TC, Jwang Y, Lan R, Sheieh W, Lee C. Respiratory failure in acute organophosphorous and carbamate poisoning. (msjonline.org)
Robert J, Zwiener, Ginsburg CM. Organophosphorous and carbamate poisoning in infants and children. (msjonline.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Food poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds. (who.int)
Bhalla A, Jajoo U. Food poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds. (who.int)
Organophosphorus compound poisoning is one of the most common poisonings often requiring ICU care and ventilatory support. (msjonline.org)
organophosphorous poisoning: grading the severity and comparing treatment between atropine and glycopyrolate. (msjonline.org)
Karalliedde L, Senanayake N. Acute organophosphorous insecticide poisoning in Sri Lanka. (msjonline.org)
Poisoning by diazinon an organophosphorous insecticide. (msjonline.org)
Kumar SS, Jayarajan A, Kuppaswamy G. continuous infusion of high dose of atropine in management of organophosphorous poisoning. (msjonline.org)
Organophosphorous poisoning (OP poisoning) is common poisoning specially in developing countries like India. (worldwidejournals.org)
Hence this study was done to evaluate role of Creatine phosphokinase levels to support clinical diagnosis as well as predicting prognosis in acute OP compound poisoning. (worldwidejournals.org)
Initial CPK levels correlated with severity of OP compound poisoning and mortality. (worldwidejournals.org)
Serum creatine kinase: A probable marker of severity in organophosphorus poisoning. (worldwidejournals.org)
Nermeen AM, Hassan, Madboly AG.Correlation between Serum Creatine Phosphokinase and severity of Acute Organophosphorous Poisoning. (worldwidejournals.org)
VijayaKumar PG, Samudram P, Rajendren C, Pregna B. Isoenzyme pattern of Creatine kinase in acute Organophosphorous compound poisoning. (worldwidejournals.org)
GC Kumar, Bhuvana K, Venkatarathnamma N, Sarala N. serum creatine phosphokinase as predictor of intermediate syndrome in organophosphorous poisoning. (worldwidejournals.org)
Click here to be notified by email when Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning becomes available. (myshopify.com)
Develop your knowledge and understanding of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning in dogs. (myshopify.com)
Management of acute organophosphorus poisoning. (cdc.gov)

Bardin PG, Van Eeden SF, Joubert JR. Intensive care management of acute organophosphorous compound: a 7-year experience in the west cape. (msjonline.org)

Natural and synthetic phenolic compounds have been used in a wide range of applications, from antiseptics and fungicides to food additives. (chromatographyonline.com)

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. (bvsalud.org)

Because of the similarity of neurochemical processes, these compounds are also likely to be neurotoxic to humans. (biomedcentral.com)

Experiment in the Use of a High-Speed Computer for Analyzing Mixtures of Organophosphorus Compounds by Infrared Spectra [electronic resource]. (psu.edu)

Objective To evaluate if the exposure to a dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide may induce ototoxicity . (bvsalud.org)
Methods 36 male Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups (12 rats /group) control (exposed to water ), positive control (treated with cisplatin to induce hearing damage) and experimental (exposed to dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide ). (bvsalud.org)
Conclusion Subchronic inhalation exposure to dichlorvos based organophosphorus insecticide induced ototoxicity in the cochlear function of rats without relevant systemic toxicity . (bvsalud.org)

A phosphate salt forms when a positively-charged ion attaches to the negatively-charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. (bionity.com)
TOCP (Tri-orthocresyl phosphate), an organophosphorus compound, has been implicated in producing neuropathy in the male S. D. rats. (go.jp)

Pharmacology and toxicology of organophosphorous and carbamates. (msjonline.org)

The existing important bioactive compounds in these plants are atropine, hyoscyamine and hyoscine (scopolamine). (springer.com)
Atropine is an alkaloid compound that is naturally occurring in the nightshade family of plants such as jimson weed. (sagescript.com)

Separate chemically defined organo-inorganic compounds (excl. (uktradeinfo.com)

Compounds containing hydroxyl groups spontaneously form esters of substituted carbon dioxide or urethanes. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

Formation of free cyanide and cyanogen chloride from chloramination of publicly owned treatment works secondary effluent: laboratory study with model compounds. (medscape.com)

Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. (harvard.edu)
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic phosphonic acids. (drugbank.com)

These are organic compounds containing phosphonic acid. (drugbank.com)

The introduction of cyanogen chloride by the French in 1916 made available a compound that, being both more toxic and less volatile, was a more effective chemical agent. (medscape.com)
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are among the most valued chemical compounds known since pre-historic times. (springer.com)
In general, the OPCW has had a purely technical role in investigating the use of chemical weapons - it identifies the compound, but does not apportion blame. (chemistryworld.com)

Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor commonly used in toxicological studies as an organophosphorus nerve agent surrogate. (meltingpointathens.com)
On 12 April, the OPCW confirmed the UK's finding that the nerve agent was a Novichok - a class of organophosphorus compounds developed in the then-Soviet Union. (chemistryworld.com)

Text, figures, and tables giving experimental procedures and spectroscopic data for all compounds and a CIF file giving crystallographic data for anti - 5a . (acs.org)

To provide practical guidance for handling situations where relatively unstudied compounds with limited or no toxicity data are encountered, recommendations are provided on ADI values that correspond to three categories of compounds: (1) com- pounds that are likely to be carcinogenic, (2) compounds that are likely to be potent or highly toxic, and (3) compounds that are not likely to be potent, highly toxic or carcinogenic. (cdc.gov)
1996, 1997b), no guidance is provided for determining ogenic, (2) compounds that are likely to be potent or acceptable levels for genotoxic impurities. (cdc.gov)
The focus of highly toxic, and (3) compounds that are not likely to this paper is to recommend ADIs, based on the ``thresh- be potent, highly toxic or carcinogenic. (cdc.gov)

In addition, a number of cyanide-containing compounds, known as cyanogens, may release cyanide during metabolism. (medscape.com)

They also serve as the lead compounds to generate more effective drugs. (springer.com)

Isocyanates react spontaneously with compounds containing active hydrogen atoms, which migrate to the nitrogen. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

mosquito populations, we impregnat- spread of resistance genes will pose a serious threat to ed mosquito bed nets with an insect repellent mixed with a low dose of organophosphorous insecticide and tested them vector control programs that are based uniquely on pyre- in a rice-growing area near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. (cdc.gov)

It was a prospective observational study which included 50 patients who presented within 6 hours of consumption of OP compound after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. (worldwidejournals.org)
Inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins, cyclic oligomers of glucose, also belong to this category. (beilstein-journals.org)

Highly Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution of Propargylic Acetates with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds. (acs.org)

A number of synthesized and natural compounds produce HCN when burned. (medscape.com)

Samples examined for illegal compounds would be collected at all stages of farming and are representative of farmed fish under production. (hi.no)

All the patients who were diagnosed to have consumed organophosphorus compound poison admitted in RLJ Hospital and SNR District Hospital Kolar, Karnataka, India who presented within 24hours of consumption were included in the study. (msjonline.org)

This application describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) method for EPA method 8141B analytes, including organophosphorus compounds, and triazine herbicides in water. (chromatographyonline.com)

Fish tested for illegal compounds were collected at the farm by official inspectors from the Norwegian Food Safety Authorities, without prior notification to the farmers. (hi.no)

There is no relationship between the age group, sex, pulse rate, pupil size and type of organophosphorous compound consumed with the need for ventilation. (msjonline.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs60

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Health Care7

Geographicals1

An overview of the evolution of overproduced esterases in the mosquito Culex pipiens. (1/3078)

The bystander effect in the HSVtk/ganciclovir system and its relationship to gap junctional communication. (2/3078)

Comparison of two in vitro activation systems for protoxicant organophosphorous esterase inhibitors. (3/3078)

Comparative study of the anti-human cytomegalovirus activities and toxicities of a tetrahydrofuran phosphonate analogue of guanosine and cidofovir. (4/3078)

A phosphonate-induced gene which promotes Penicillium-mediated bioconversion of cis-propenylphosphonic acid to fosfomycin. (5/3078)

Cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in J774 macrophages occurs in the cytoplasm and lysosomes. (6/3078)

Binding conformers searching method for ligands according to the structures of their receptors and its application to thrombin inhibitors. (7/3078)

Early short-term 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine treatment favorably alters the subsequent disease course in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected newborn Rhesus macaques. (8/3078)

Organophosphorus Compounds

Organophosphate Poisoning

Organothiophosphorus Compounds

Parathion

Malathion

Pralidoxime Compounds

Dichlorvos

Chemical Warfare Agents

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Paraoxon

Insecticides

Soman

Cholinesterase Reactivators

Sarin

Trichlorfon

Tritolyl Phosphates

Isoflurophate

Cholinesterases

Antidotes

Acetylcholinesterase

Butyrylcholinesterase

Chlorpyrifos

Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases

Organophosphates

Houseflies

Esterases

Phosphoric Acids

Leptophos

Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester

Decontamination

Carbamates

Oximes

Pesticides

Dimethoate

Methyl Parathion

Organothiophosphates

Diazinon

Insecticide Resistance

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases

Chlorfenvinphos

Pesticide Residues

Aryldialkylphosphatase

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Fenthion

Poisoning

Trimedoxime

Sri Lanka

Azinphosmethyl

Fenitrothion

Carboxylesterase

Neurotoxicity Syndromes

Obidoxime Chloride

Lethal Dose 50

Agriculture

Phosmet

Coumaphos

Acetylthiocholine

Atropine

Health Food

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Exposure

Carbaryl

Metaraminol

Gastric Lavage

Nerium

Molecular Structure

Chemical Terrorism

Dealkylation

Monoacylglycerol Lipases

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Biodegradation, Environmental

Esters

Cresols

Nitrophenols

Solid Phase Microextraction

Liquid Phase Microextraction

Enzymes, Immobilized

Hydrolysis

Culex