Orbit. Medical search

Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.

Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.

Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.

The surgical removal of the contents of the orbit. This includes the eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum. It should be differentiated from EYE EVISCERATION which removes the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.

The environment outside the earth or its atmosphere. The environment may refer to a closed cabin (such as a space shuttle or space station) or to space itself, the moon, or other planets.

Tumors or cancer of the EYE.

A nonspecific tumor-like inflammatory lesion in the ORBIT of the eye. It is usually composed of mature LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; MACROPHAGES; LEUKOCYTES with varying degrees of FIBROSIS. Orbital pseudotumors are often associated with inflammation of the extraocular muscles (ORBITAL MYOSITIS) or inflammation of the lacrimal glands (DACRYOADENITIS).

Travel beyond the earth's atmosphere.

The surgical removal of the eyeball leaving the eye muscles and remaining orbital contents intact.

Recession of the eyeball into the orbit.

Rounded objects made of coral, teflon, or alloplastic polymer and covered with sclera, and which are implanted in the orbit following enucleation. An artificial eye (EYE, ARTIFICIAL) is usually attached to the anterior of the orbital implant for cosmetic purposes.

A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus.

Planet that is the third in order from the sun. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the SOLAR SYSTEM.

Congenital absence of the eye or eyes.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Celestial bodies orbiting around the sun or other stars.

The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

One of the paired, but seldom symmetrical, air spaces located between the inner and outer compact layers of the FRONTAL BONE in the forehead.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

A ready-made or custom-made prosthesis of glass or plastic shaped and colored to resemble the anterior portion of a normal eye and used for cosmetic reasons. It is attached to the anterior portion of an orbital implant (ORBITAL IMPLANTS) which is placed in the socket of an enucleated or eviscerated eye. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.

Hemorrhage within the orbital cavity, posterior to the eyeball.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

The interdisciplinary science that studies evolutionary biology, including the origin and evolution of the major elements required for life, their processing in the interstellar medium and in protostellar systems. This field also includes the study of chemical evolution and the subsequent interactions between evolving biota and planetary evolution as well as the field of biology that deals with the study of extraterrestrial life.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.

An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by short stature, defective GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR, and failure to generate INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I by GROWTH HORMONE. Laron syndrome is not a form of primary pituitary dwarfism (GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY DWARFISM) but the result of mutation of the human GHR gene on chromosome 5.

Substances that are energetically unstable and can produce a sudden expansion of the material, called an explosion, which is accompanied by heat, pressure and noise. Other things which have been described as explosive that are not included here are explosive action of laser heating, human performance, sudden epidemiological outbreaks, or fast cell growth.

A vascular anomaly that is a collection of tortuous BLOOD VESSELS and connective tissue. This tumor-like mass with the large vascular space is filled with blood and usually appears as a strawberry-like lesion in the subcutaneous areas of the face, extremities, or other regions of the body including the central nervous system.

Neoplasms of the bony part of the skull.

An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (FRONTAL BONE; TEMPORAL BONE; OCCIPITAL BONE). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (SPHENOID SINUS).

A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)

The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.

Each of the upper and lower folds of SKIN which cover the EYE when closed.

Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

The air space located in the body of the MAXILLARY BONE near each cheek. Each maxillary sinus communicates with the middle passage (meatus) of the NASAL CAVITY on the same side.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

The single family of PRIMATES in the infraorder TARSII, suborder HAPLORHINI. It is comprised of one genus, Tarsius, that inhabits southern Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Diseases affecting the eye.

Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.

Finely divided solid matter with particle sizes smaller than a micrometeorite, thus with diameters much smaller than a millimeter, moving in interplanetary space. (NASA Thesaurus, 1994)

Air-filled spaces located within the bones around the NASAL CAVITY. They are extensions of the nasal cavity and lined by the ciliated NASAL MUCOSA. Each sinus is named for the cranial bone in which it is located, such as the ETHMOID SINUS; the FRONTAL SINUS; the MAXILLARY SINUS; and the SPHENOID SINUS.

The compartment containing the inferior part and anterior extremities of the frontal lobes (FRONTAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. It is formed mainly by orbital parts of the FRONTAL BONE and the lesser wings of the SPHENOID BONE.

Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.

Inflammation of the loose connective tissues around the ORBIT, bony structure around the eyeball. It is characterized by PAIN; EDEMA of the CONJUNCTIVA; swelling of the EYELIDS; EXOPHTHALMOS; limited eye movement; and loss of vision.

The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system.

The fifth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its sixteen natural satellites include Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, and Io.

A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS producing tumors in primates. Originally isolated from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey, WMSV is a replication-defective v-onc virus which carries the sis oncogene. In order to propagate, WMSV requires a replication-competent helper virus.

The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones.

The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.

Condition in which no acceleration, whether due to gravity or any other force, can be detected by an observer within a system. It also means the absence of weight or the absence of the force of gravity acting on a body. Microgravity, gravitational force between 0 and 10 -6 g, is included here. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.

A mixed mesenchymal tumor composed of two or more mesodermal cellular elements not commonly associated, not counting fibrous tissue as one of the elements. Mesenchymomas are widely distributed in the body and about 75% are malignant. (Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)

Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.

A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).

Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

Cell surface proteins that bind pituitary THYROTROPIN (also named thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH) and trigger intracellular changes of the target cells. TSH receptors are present in the nervous system and on target cells in the thyroid gland. Autoantibodies to TSH receptors are implicated in thyroid diseases such as GRAVES DISEASE and Hashimoto disease (THYROIDITIS, AUTOIMMUNE).

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.

Artery originating from the internal carotid artery and distributing to the eye, orbit and adjacent facial structures.

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from the optic nerve or its sheath. OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA is the most common histologic type. Optic nerve neoplasms tend to cause unilateral visual loss and an afferent pupillary defect and may spread via neural pathways to the brain.

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by renal electrolyte transport dysfunctions. Congenital forms are rare autosomal disorders characterized by neonatal hypertension, HYPERKALEMIA, increased RENIN activity and ALDOSTERONE concentration. The Type I features HYPERKALEMIA with sodium wasting; Type II, HYPERKALEMIA without sodium wasting. Pseudohypoaldosteronism can be the result of a defective renal electrolyte transport protein or acquired after KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Chemical and physical transformation of the biogenic elements from their nucleosynthesis in stars to their incorporation and subsequent modification in planetary bodies and terrestrial biochemistry. It includes the mechanism of incorporation of biogenic elements into complex molecules and molecular systems, leading up to the origin of life.

Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.

Creation and development of bodies within solar systems, includes study of early planetary geology.

Tumors or cancer of the MAXILLARY SINUS. They represent the majority of paranasal neoplasms.

A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.

The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.

Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)

A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of the following five families: CHEIROGALEIDAE; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; LEMURIDAE; and LORISIDAE.

A sebaceous gland that, in some animals, acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland. The harderian gland excretes fluid that facilitates movement of the third eyelid.

An environment simulating one or more parameters of the space environment, applied in testing space systems or components. Often, a closed chamber is used, capable of approximating the vacuum and normal environments of space. (From NASA Thesaurus, 1988) This also includes simulated EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY studies in atmosphere exposure chambers or water tanks.

The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.

Acute suppurative inflammation of the inner eye with necrosis of the sclera (and sometimes the cornea) and extension of the inflammation into the orbit. Pain may be severe and the globe may rupture. In endophthalmitis the globe does not rupture.

A cystic form of sweat gland adenoma (ADENOMA, SWEAT GLAND). It is produced by the cystic proliferation of apocrine secretory glands. It is not uncommon, occurring in adult life in no particular age group, with males and females equally affected. The commonest site is around the eye, particularly lateral to the outer canthus. It is cured by surgical removal. (Stedman, 25th ed; Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2410)

Organizations established by endowments with provision for future maintenance.

A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)

Head injuries which feature compromise of the skull and dura mater. These may result from gunshot wounds (WOUNDS, GUNSHOT), stab wounds (WOUNDS, STAB), and other forms of trauma.

Either of a pair of bones that form the prominent part of the CHEEK and contribute to the ORBIT on each side of the SKULL.

Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Systems that provide all or most of the items necessary for maintaining life and health. Provisions are made for the supplying of oxygen, food, water, temperature and pressure control, disposition of carbon dioxide and body waste. The milieu may be a spacecraft, a submarine, or the surface of the moon. In medical care, usually under hospital conditions, LIFE SUPPORT CARE is available. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary)

An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.

Congenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small.

The surgical removal of the inner contents of the eye, leaving the sclera intact. It should be differentiated from ORBIT EVISCERATION which removes the entire contents of the orbit, including eyeball, blood vessels, muscles, fat, nerve supply, and periosteum.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the FRONTAL SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE or HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.

The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order Mucorales (e.g., Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.) There are many clinical types associated with infection of the central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with a chronic debilitating disease, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, or who are receiving immunosuppressive agents. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.

Neoplasms of the base of the skull specifically, differentiated from neoplasms of unspecified sites or bones of the skull (SKULL NEOPLASMS).

Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.

A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)

Benign, non-Langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.

Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.

Tumors or cancer of the RETINA.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

Voluntary or involuntary motion of head that may be relative to or independent of body; includes animals and humans.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to the field of radiology. The applications center mostly around x-ray or radioisotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but the technological applications of any radiation or radiologic procedure is within the scope of radiologic technology.

Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).

A reflex wherein impulses are conveyed from the cupulas of the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS and from the OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE of the SACCULE AND UTRICLE via the VESTIBULAR NUCLEI of the BRAIN STEM and the median longitudinal fasciculus to the OCULOMOTOR NERVE nuclei. It functions to maintain a stable retinal image during head rotation by generating appropriate compensatory EYE MOVEMENTS.

Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.

A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The fourth planet in order from the sun. Its two natural satellites are Deimos and Phobos. It is one of the four inner or terrestrial planets of the solar system.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)

Disorders of the nose, general or unspecified.

A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE involving only one bone.

A type of neurofibroma manifesting as a diffuse overgrowth of subcutaneous tissue, usually involving the face, scalp, neck, and chest but occasionally occurring in the abdomen or pelvis. The tumors tend to progress, and may extend along nerve roots to eventually involve the spinal roots and spinal cord. This process is almost always a manifestation of NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1016; J Pediatr 1997 Nov;131(5):678-82)

Fibrous blood-filled cyst in the bone. Although benign it can be destructive causing deformity and fractures.

The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

High-amplitude compression waves, across which density, pressure, and particle velocity change drastically. The mechanical force from these shock waves can be used for mechanically disrupting tissues and deposits.

Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.

Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.

The positioning and accommodation of eyes that allows the image to be brought into place on the FOVEA CENTRALIS of each eye.

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).

An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.

Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.

Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.

Infections in the inner or external eye caused by microorganisms belonging to several families of bacteria. Some of the more common genera found are Haemophilus, Neisseria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Chlamydia.

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The blending of separate images seen by each eye into one composite image.

Tumors or cancer of the NOSE.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena.

An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Euploid male germ cells of an early stage of SPERMATOGENESIS, derived from prespermatogonia. With the onset of puberty, spermatogonia at the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule proliferate by mitotic then meiotic divisions and give rise to the haploid SPERMATOCYTES.

The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.

A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Ruptured aneurysm of the orbitofrontal artery associated with dural arteriovenous malformation in the anterior cranial fossa--case report. (1/749)

A 27-year-old male presented with a rare association of a ruptured orbitofrontal artery aneurysm and a dural arteriovenous malformation (DAVM) fed by both ethmoidal arteries, manifestation as severe headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a hematoma within the right frontal lobe and diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. The aneurysm was clipped successfully and the hematoma was evacuated. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient was referred for gamma knife radiosurgery to treat the DAVM. In this case, the DAVM was asymptomatic and pathogenetically unrelated to the aneurysm, which demanded urgent treatment. (+info)

Development of an animal model of autoimmune thyroid eye disease. (2/749)

In previous studies we have transferred thyroiditis to naive BALB/c and NOD mice with human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR)-primed splenocytes. Because the TSHR has been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease (TED) we have examined the orbits of recipients of TSHR-primed T cells, generated using a TSHR fusion protein or by genetic immunization. In the NOD mice, 25 of 26 animals treated with TSHR-primed T cells developed thyroiditis with considerable follicular destruction, numerous activated and CD8+ T cells, and immunoreactivity for IFN-gamma. Thyroxine levels were reduced. Thyroiditis was not induced in controls. None of the NOD animals developed any orbital pathology. Thirty-five BALB/c mice received TSHR-primed spleen cells. Thyroiditis was induced in 60-100% and comprised activated T cells, B cells, and immunoreactivity for IL-4 and IL-10. Autoantibodies to the receptor were induced, including TSH binding inhibiting Igs. A total of 17 of 25 BALB/c orbits displayed changes consisting of accumulation of adipose tissue, edema caused by periodic acid Schiff-positive material, dissociation of the muscle fibers, the presence of TSHR immunoreactivity, and infiltration by lymphocytes and mast cells. No orbital changes or thyroiditis were observed in control BALB/c mice. We have induced orbital pathology having many parallels with human TED, only in BALB/c mice, suggesting that a Th2 autoimmune response to the TSHR may be a prerequisite for the development of TED. (+info)

CT examination of the head of the Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica). (3/749)

We carried out a computerised tomographic (CT) examination to elucidate the modifications in the head related to orbital enlargement in the Baikal seal. Transverse CT images showed that (1) the external frontal contours and the frontal sinuses are compressed medially and ventrally by the orbital enlargement; (2) the caudal part of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx are compacted ventrally; and (3) the cranial cavity is displaced caudally. The neurocranium is obviously separated from the facial part in the transverse plane at the caudal region of the orbit. The disposition of the mandible, zygomatic arch, temporal bone, and the masseter, temporal, digastric and pterygoid muscles is changed by the enlarged orbit in the 3-dimensional reorganisation of the head in this species. It is suggested that adaptation for the Lake Baikal environment primarily resulted in orbital enlargement, and that the altered orbital design may subsequently have influenced the form and function of the masticatory and respiratory system. (+info)

The role of octreoscan in thyroid eye disease. (4/749)

Until recently there was no imaging technique available which could demonstrate pathological changes in orbital tissues and could be regarded as a reliable measure of inflammation in thyroid eye disease (TED). Pentetreotide (a synthetic derivative of somatostatin) labelled with 111In has been used to localize tumours which possess surface or membrane receptors for somatostatin in vivo using a gamma camera (1). This technique visualizes somatostatin receptors in endocrine-related tumours in vivo and predicts the inhibitory effect of the somatostatin analogue octreotide on hormone secretion by the tumours (1). By applying 111In-DTPA-d-Phe octreotide scintigraphy (octreoscan), accumulation of the radionuclide was also detected in both the thyroid and orbit of patients with Graves' disease (2-4). If peak activity in the orbit 5h after injection of radiolabelled octreotide is set at 100%, a decrease to 40+/-4% is found at 24h, significantly different from the decrease in blood pool radioactivity, which is 15+/-4% at 24h. Accumulation of the radionuclide is most probably due to the presence in the orbital tissue of activated lymphocytes bearing somatostatin receptors (5). Alternative explanations are binding to receptors on other cell types (e.g. myoblasts, fibroblasts or endothelial cells) or local blood pooling due to venous stasis by the autoimmune orbital inflammation. (+info)

Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. (5/749)

Previous neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have investigated the neural substrates which mediate responses to fearful, disgusted and happy expressions. No previous studies have investigated the neural substrates which mediate responses to sad and angry expressions. Using functional neuroimaging, we tested two hypotheses. First, we tested whether the amygdala has a neural response to sad and/or angry facial expressions. Secondly, we tested whether the orbitofrontal cortex has a specific neural response to angry facial expressions. Volunteer subjects were scanned, using PET, while they performed a sex discrimination task involving static grey-scale images of faces expressing varying degrees of sadness and anger. We found that increasing intensity of sad facial expression was associated with enhanced activity in the left amygdala and right temporal pole. In addition, we found that increasing intensity of angry facial expression was associated with enhanced activity in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. We found no support for the suggestion that angry expressions generate a signal in the amygdala. The results provide evidence for dissociable, but interlocking, systems for the processing of distinct categories of negative facial expression. (+info)

Glaucoma patients demonstrate faulty autoregulation of ocular blood flow during posture change. (6/749)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Autoregulation of blood flow during posture change is important to ensure consistent organ circulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the change in retrobulbar ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients with normal subjects during supine and upright posture. METHODS: 20 open angle glaucoma patients and 20 normal subjects, similar in age and sex distribution, were evaluated. Blood pressure, intraocular pressure, and retrobulbar blood velocity were tested after 30 minutes of sitting and again after 30 minutes of lying. Retrobulbar haemodynamic measures of peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistance index (RI) were obtained in the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries using colour Doppler imaging (CDI). RESULTS: When changing from the upright to supine posture, normal subjects demonstrated a significant increase in OA EDV (p = 0.016) and significant decrease in OA RI (p = 0.0006) and CRA RI (p = 0.016). Glaucoma patients demonstrated similar changes in OA measures of EDV (p = 0.02) and RI (p = 0.04), but no change in CRA measures. CONCLUSION: Glaucoma patients exhibit faulty autoregulation of central retinal artery blood flow during posture change. (+info)

Orbitofrontal cortex and representation of incentive value in associative learning. (7/749)

Clinical evidence indicates that damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex disrupts goal-directed actions that are guided by motivational and emotional factors. As a consequence, patients with such damage characteristically engage in maladaptive behaviors. Other research has shown that neurons in the corresponding orbital region of prefrontal cortex in laboratory animals encode information regarding the incentive properties of goals or expected events. The present study investigates the effect of neurotoxic orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions in the rat on responses that are normally influenced by associations between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the incentive value of reinforcement. Rats were first trained to associate a visual CS with delivery of food pellets to a food cup. As a consequence of learning, rats approached the food cup during the CS in anticipation of reinforcement. In a second training phase, injection of LiCl followed consumption of the food unconditioned stimulus (US) in the home cage, a procedure used to alter the incentive value of the US. Subsequently, rats were returned to the conditioning chamber, and their responding to the CS in the absence of the food US was tested. Lesions of OFC did not affect either the initial acquisition of a conditioned response to the light CS in the first training phase or taste aversion learning in the second training phase. In the test for devaluation, however, OFC rats exhibited no change in conditioned responding to the visual CS. This outcome contrasts with the behavior of control rats; after devaluation of the US a significant decrease occurred in approach to the food cup during presentation of the CS. The results reveal an inability of a cue to access representational information about the incentive value of associated reinforcement after OFC damage. (+info)

Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. (8/749)

Patients sustaining lesions of the orbital prefrontal cortex (PFC) exhibit marked impairments in the performance of laboratory-based gambling, or risk-taking, tasks, suggesting that this part of the human PFC contributes to decision-making cognition. However, to date, little is known about the particular regions of the orbital cortex that participate in this function. In the present study, eight healthy volunteers were scanned, using H(2)(15)0 PET technology, while performing a novel computerized risk-taking task. The task involved predicting which of two mutually exclusive outcomes would occur, but critically, the larger reward (and penalty) was associated with choice of the least likely outcome, whereas the smallest reward (and penalty) was associated with choice of the most likely outcome. Resolving these "conflicting" decisions was associated with three distinct foci of regional cerebral blood flow increase within the right inferior and orbital PFC: laterally, in the anterior part of the middle frontal gyrus [Brodmann area 10 (BA 10)], medially, in the orbital gyrus (BA 11), and posteriorly, in the anterior portion of the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47). By contrast, increases in the degree of conflict inherent in these decisions was associated with only limited changes in activity within orbital PFC and the anterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest that decision making recruits neural activity from multiple regions of the inferior PFC that receive information from a diverse set of cortical and limbic inputs, and that the contribution of the orbitofrontal regions may involve processing changes in reward-related information. (+info)

22 August 2018). Orbit. ISBN 9780316274111 The Light of All That Falls. (10 December 2019). Orbit. ISBN 9780356507835 Islington ... He signed a deal with Orbit Books less than a year later. He has published two sequel novels, entitled An Echo of Things to ... 4 August 2014). Originally self-published, later Orbit Books. ISBN 9780992580209 An Echo of Things to Come. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Islington

Orbit. 31 (2): 77-85. doi:10.3109/01676830.2011.648797. PMID 22489850. Rossomondo, R. M.; Carlton, W. H.; Trueblood, J. H.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacryoscintigraphy

Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-897-4. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Benson, Donald R. (1978). And having Writ... Bobbs-Merrill. ...

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"In-Memoriam - The Life of a Great Man" (PDF). Orbit. GE Oil & Gas. 33 (1): 4. January 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on ... page 18 Sabin, Steve A New Edition of API 670 Orbit. March 2001. page 32. "About Don Bently". Bently Bearings. Archived from ... The Life of a Great Man Orbit. Vol. 33, No. 1. Jan 2013. page 4. Bently Enterprises Bently Ranch. ...

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Orbit. ISBN 978-0-316-49134-1. "ALA.org - Awards Grants - How Long 'Til Black Future Month?". American Library Association. ... The book was published in November 2018 by Orbit Books, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. The name of the collection comes ... The stories are: The book was published by Orbit Books, a speculative fiction imprint of the Hachette Book Group. It was ...

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Orbit. Retrieved 2010-10-06. Wolfe, Gary K. (2010-11-22). "Gary K. Wolfe reviews Greg Bear". Locus Online. Retrieved 2020-02-28 ...

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2008). "Orbital tuberculosis: A review of the literature". Orbit. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 27 (4): 267-77. doi:10.1080/ ...

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Orbit. p. 126. ISBN 9781841497822. The Making of The Goodies Disaster Movie - Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, ...

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1989). "Introduction". In Garnett, David (ed.). Orbit science fiction yearbook two. Orbit. - (Winter 1989). "Waiting for the ...

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The Troupe (2012; Orbit). American Elsewhere (2013; Orbit). Won the Shirley Jackson Award for best novel. Vigilance (2019; Tor. ... Shivers (2010; Orbit). Won the Shirley Jackson Award and the British Fantasy Awards' Sydney J Bounds Newcomer Award. The ... Company Man (2011; Orbit). Won the Special Citation of the Philip K. Dick Award and an Edgar Award for Best Paperback Original ...

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Fitzgerald, Laura (23 May 2012). "What if things had ended…differently? FED by Mira Grant". Orbit. Retrieved 3 June 2012. "2013 ... and published by Orbit Books. It was published June 1, 2012 and preceded by Feed (2010) and Deadline (2011). Blackout is set ... then released online by Orbit on 23 May. Blackout was nominated for the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novel. The novel was beaten by ...

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Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-457-X. Banks, I.M. (2003). The Player of Games. Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-146-5. The ship Limiting Factor was " ... Orbit. pp. 19, 467. ISBN 1-85723-138-4. Banks, I.M. (2008). Matter. Orbit. ISBN 978-1-84149-417-3. Jackson, P.T.; Heilman, J. ( ... Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-138-4. Banks, I.M. (2000). Look to Windward. Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-969-5. Banks, I.M. (1997). Excession. ... Orbit. ISBN 1-85723-146-5. The war in space ended in 1367. The events of the book take place over a period of four to five ...

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Orbit. ISBN 978-0316005388. He could not believe the ordinary people in the Culture really wanted the war, no matter how they ...

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"The HydroX System" (PDF). Orbit. 2004. Retrieved 5 March 2012. "Electricity Data Browser - Robert Moses Power Dam". www.eia.gov ...

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Orbit. 27 (2): 83-9. doi:10.1080/01676830701376072. PMID 18415867. S2CID 23268883. Gunn RM. Congenital ptosis with peculiar ...

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Orbit. Howard, Robert E. (September 1979). The Lost Valley of Iskander. Berkley. Howard, Robert E. (November 1986). The Lost ...

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"Rachel Coldicutt". Orbit. Retrieved 2020-01-04. "Charity leaders recognised in New Year Honours List 2020". www.civilsociety.co ...

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Orbit. ISBN 9780316055086. Retrieved October 14, 2018. sapkowski last wish. Wodzynski, Lukasz (2011). "A Polish Book of ... Orbit. pp. 92, 149. ISBN 978-0-316-02918-6. Péter Apor (2008). Past for the eyes: East European representations of communism in ...

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Asimov, Isaac (1975). Before the Golden Age 1. Orbit. p. 65. ISBN 0-86007-803-5. 10/26/09 11:50am 10/26/09 11:50am. "io9, "Meet ...

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329-330, 363-364 Asimov, I. (1976). "Before the Golden Age 4". Orbit. pp. 147-148 and 151. (Originally published as a single ...

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Orbit. Retrieved 26 June 2017. Eller, Jonathan R. (2011). Becoming Ray Bradbury. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 33. ... Orbit. ISBN 9780312134860 Warner, Harry (1969). All Our Yesterdays. Advent Publishers. SBN 911682007 Eller, Jonathan R. (2011 ...

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Orbit. 17 (4): 271-284. doi:10.1076/orbi.17.4.271.2739. PMID 12048705. Dan JA, Honavar SG, Belyea DA, Mandal AK, Garudadri C, ... "Metastasis to the eye and orbit from renal cell carcinoma--a report of three cases and review of literature". Surv Ophthalmol. ... Orbit. 33 (4): 292-4. doi:10.3109/01676830.2014.900088. PMID 24786721. S2CID 9208776. Rasmussen PK, Coupland SE, Finger PT, ... Orbit. 30 (5): 208-13. doi:10.3109/01676830.2011.580035. PMID 21957949. S2CID 10471463.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ...

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Orbit. ISBN 978-0316005388. He could not believe the ordinary people in the Culture really wanted the war, no matter how they ...

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"A novel vaccine formulation consisting of dna vaccine inactivated virus". Orbit. 2017. "IISc-developed rabies vaccine cleared ...

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Cinquemani claimed the song a marvel due to its "heavenly hook" and Orbit's impeccable production. In his book Kate Bush and ... When released, various music critics appreciated Orbit's extensive production on "Sky Fits Heaven". On a list of Madonna's best ... Orbit". Author Matthew Rettenmund included the song at number 16 on his list of songs released by Madonna. In August 2018, ... engineer William Orbit - producer David Reitzas - engineer Matt Silva - engineer Credits and personnel adapted from the album's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Fits_Heaven

Orbit. p. 1101. ISBN 1-85723-124-4. Pournelle, Jerry (1985). The Science Fiction Yearbook. Baen Science Fiction Books. pp. 9-10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_for_Effort

Orbit. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-316-19280-4. Yang, JY Neon (July 12, 2017). "Waiting on a Bright Moon". Tor.com. Retrieved September ... Orbit. pp. 40-46. ISBN 978-1-85723-858-7. "Ender's Game (2013) movie script". Springfield! Springfield!. Archived from the ...

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Orbit Press. pp. 451-453. ISBN 978-0-646-40421-9. Retrieved 23 October 2020. The Argus, 4 March 1851 "Original Correspondence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Sievwright

Red Orbit. Retrieved May 17, 2008. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Chávez admite derrota en Gran Gasoducto del Sur" [ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Gasoducto_del_Sur

"Newman Du Wors LLP Announces Lawsuit Against Third Eye Blind". Red Orbit. PRNewswire. February 23, 2011. Archived from the ...

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The Visible Human Orbit: Digital high-resolution conservation of anatomical serial sections of the human embryonal and adult ... orbit by Koornneef, Los and de Haan. www.visible-orbit.org, 2012. ...

http://visible-orbit.org/media/recons_connect/

A line-based orbit trap colours a point based upon how close a functions orbit comes to one or more lines, typically vertical ... A point-based orbit trap colours a point based upon how close a functions orbit comes to a single point, typically the origin ... In mathematics, an orbit trap is a method of colouring fractal images based upon how close an iterative function, used to ... Orbit traps are typically used with the class of two-dimensional fractals based on an iterative function. A program that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_trap

Orbit started as the 9/4 favourite for the Eclipse Stakes and in the final 100 yards of the race Orbit gradually edged away ... Friars Balsam started as the 1/3 favourite for the race, with Ayrshire at 100/12 and Orbit at 100/8. Orbit ran on well in the ... "Bend Or - Orbit". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-09-09. "Dollar - Old Man". Tbheritage.com. Retrieved 2012-09-09. "Orbit ... Orbit was the son of Epsom Derby and Champion Stakes winner Bend Or. His dam was Fair Alice, a daughter of July Stakes winner ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_(horse)

Orbit InfoTech is the one stop solution for various web services: Web Designing and Development, SEO Service, software ...

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A parking orbit is a temporary orbit used during the launch of a satellite or other space probe. A launch vehicle boosts into ... In a literal example of a parking orbit, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) could park for several months in orbit while ... The Apollo program used parking orbits, for all the reasons mentioned above except those that pertain to geostationary orbits.[ ... Geostationary spacecraft require an orbit in the plane of the equator. Getting there requires a geostationary transfer orbit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_orbit

Halo orbits exist in any three-body system, e.g., the Sun-Earth-Orbiting Satellite system or the Earth-Moon-Orbiting Satellite ... Halo orbits orbit the L1, L2, or L3 Lagrangian points (orbits not shown in diagram). ... A halo orbit is a periodic, three-dimensional orbit near the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange point in the three-body problem of orbital ... Gaias Lissajous Type Orbit - a Lissajous-type orbit, i.e., a near-circular ellipse or "halo" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_orbit

Hurls a torrent of Chi energy up to 40 yds forward, dealing 72,206 Nature damage to all enemies, and 59,186 healing to the Monk and all allies in its path ...

https://worldofwarcraft.com/en-us/character/queldorei/orbit

... circle the Sun inside Mercurys orbit. Called vulcanoids, they are extremely difficult to observe, which is why its still not ...

http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2010/12/03/inside_mercurys_orbit.html

... In early May 2018, an eruption on Hawaiis Kilauea volcano began to unfold. Heres what satellites saw in ...

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/videos/kilauea-from-orbit.php?src=features-recent

Known as the Orbital Robotics Bench for Integrated Technology (ORBIT) facility, it relies on a trio of air-bearing platforms ...

http://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2015/12/ORBIT_facility

A satellite can remain in the same orbit for a long period of time as the gravitational pull of the Earth provides a balance to ... As the satellites are in orbit outside the atmosphere there is no air resistance, and therefore, according to the law of ... Therefore, a satellite in low orbit, typically about 800km from the Earth is exposed to an immense gravitational pull and has ... At a distance of 36000km, the orbiting time is 24 hours corresponding to the Earths rotation time. At this distance a ...

http://www.esa.int/Education/2._Orbit

The German engineer Walter Hohmann showed in 1925 that elliptical orbits tangent to the orbits of both the planet of departure ... Hohmann orbit, most economical path (though not the shortest or fastest) for a spacecraft to take from one planet to another. ... Alternative Title: transfer orbit. Hohmann orbit, also called Transfer Orbit, most economical path (though not the shortest or ... Compromise orbits, faster but needing more energy than true Hohmann orbits, have been used by interplanetary probes launched ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/Hohmann-orbit

Earth orbit: …to be put into a polar orbit-an orbit that crosses over Earths poles-it is launched in a northerly or southerly ... Although the benefit of an easterly launch is lost, a spacecraft in an orbit perpendicular to the Equator offers other ... Other articles where Polar orbit is discussed: spaceflight: ... In spaceflight: Earth orbit. …to be put into a polar orbit-an ... Polar orbit. THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. ...

https://www.britannica.com/topic/polar-orbit

... and simultaneously it starts rising to a higher orbit. Higher orbits are slower. Gemini 10, despite starting off heading toward ... This moves you to a lower orbit, you catch up, and then you fire your thrusters the other way once youre where you want to be ... But the equation told us that higher v means a lower orbit by almost two kilometers. The math is telling us that this "lets ... We can pretend both spacecraft were in circular orbits 200km above the surface of the earth. Young and Collins see the Agena in ...

https://www.scienceblogs.com/builtonfacts/2012/09/10/armstrong-in-orbit

Compare EQUATORIAL ORBIT. Source for information on polar orbit: A Dictionary of Earth Sciences dictionary. ... polar orbit An orbit which is inclined at 45° or more to the equatorial plane. ... polar orbit An orbit which is inclined at 45° or more to the equatorial plane. Compare EQUATORIAL ORBIT. ... www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/polar-orbit ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/polar-orbit

Clarke orbit*)* A satellite orbit in which the satellite travels on the equatorial plane in the same direction as the rotation ... geostationary orbit (Clarke orbit) A satellite orbit in which the satellite travels on the equatorial plane in the same ... The possibility of such an orbit was first suggested by Arthur C. Clarke, for whom the orbit is sometimes named. Compare ... geostationary orbit Location of an artificial satellite so that it remains above the same point on a planets surface because ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/astronomy-and-space-exploration/astronomy-general/geostationary-orbit

On March 17, NASAs MESSENGER spacecraft became the first probe to enter orbit around the metal-rich body (SN Online: 3/17/11 ...

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/orbit

Posted in New pages , Tagged 8-speed, bicycle, gearing, gears, hub, hybrid gearing, internal, internal-gear, Orbit, Sachs, ... Tag Archives: Orbit. SRAM and Sachs Internal-gear hubs. Posted on February 2, 2015 by John ... John has prepared a new page about the Sachs Orbit hybrid-gear hub and added information about this hub to internal-gears.html ... Orbit, planetary, Sachs, Sheldon, Sheldon Brown, sheldonbrown, sheldonbrown.com, shifter, Spectro, SRAM , Leave a comment ...

http://sheldonbrown.com/blog/tag/orbit/

A team of science students at each site is vying to become the worlds first to put its own satellite into orbit. The schools ... Rival Schools Charge Into Orbit. Whiteboard Jungle. The Next Next Thing. See Spot, Drive!. People. Jargon Watch. SkyDoc at ... A team of science students at each site is vying to become the worlds first to put its own satellite into orbit. The schools ... A team of science students at each site is vying to become the worlds first to put its own satellite into orbit. ...

https://www.wired.com/2001/09/rival-schools-charge-into-orbit/

... dropship from the martian orbit toward landing site on the planet. That game is not so regular Point & Click quest. We tried ... dropship from the martian orbit toward landing site on the planet. That game is not so regular Point & Click quest. We tried ...

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/archangel-martian-orbit/9wzdncrdm0rl

... trapping its crew on the moons barren surface or in lunar orbit, 238,000 miles from home. Beyond Apollo blogger David S. F. ... man Apollo Command and Service Module during every lunar mission so that it could retrieve marooned astronauts from lunar orbit ... orbit around the moon; then, at apolune (lunar orbit high point), he would ignite the SPS again to line up his spacecrafts ... At perilune (lunar orbit low point), the pilot would fire the SPS a third time to lower the rescue CSMs apolune, thus ...

https://www.wired.com/2012/06/apollo-lunar-orbit-rescue-1965/

COLLIDING ORBITS ~ The intense, poetic thriller from author T. S. Fox Read the opening Chapters free online: http://www. ...

https://www.youtube.com/user/CollidingOrbits

O2 Xda Orbit review. Some smartphones are smarter than others By tech.co.uk staff 18 April 2007. ... The O2 Xda Orbit is therefore a breath of fresh air. It not only comes with a built-in GPS receiver but also comes with UK road ... The Orbit has the usual full range of Microsoft Windows Mobile software. The ability to write and edit Word and Excel files - ... As the latest in the successful Xda series, the Orbit offers a great deal more than simply a novel piece of integration. This ...

https://www.techradar.com/reviews/phones/mobile-phones/o2-xda-orbit-91036/review

Orbit Escape (Orbit Escape). 1 track (4:20). Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the largest catalogue ...

https://www.last.fm/music/yokoinc/Orbit+Escape

Key thing was making it easy to use.Website fits to new Orbit positioning, which contains clean colours and large lifestyle ... Wrigley Orbit website. Colourful flat responsive website. Key thing was making it easy to use. Website fits to new Orbit ...

https://www.behance.net/gallery/29412523/Wrigley-Orbit-website

NASA is committed to stimulating the economy in low-Earth orbit as the next step in humanitys exploration and expansion into ...

https://www.nasa.gov/leo-economy/low-earth-orbit-economy/

... and partial orbit. Great history section I researched at Countway Library at Har… ... Physical Exam ,ul,,li,Orbit exam ,/li,,/ul,,ul,,ul,,li,Globe integrity ,/li,,/ul,,/ul,,ul,,ul,,li,Pupils ,/li,,/ul,,/ul,,ul,,ul ... Fractures of the Midface / Orbit * 1. Fractures of the Midface W. Thomas McClellan, M.D. www.morgantownplasticsurgery.com ... A presentation on the latest in facial fracture repair of the midface, zygoma, and partial orbit. Great history section I ...

https://www.slideshare.net/wtmcclellan/fractures-of-the-midface-orbit

See an archive of all william orbit stories published on the New York Media network, which includes NYMag, The Cut, Vulture, ...

http://nymag.com/tags/william-orbit/

In this visualization, we see the orbit of the spacecraft orbit (green) in relation to the Earth, the orbit of the Moon (gray ... The satellite spins as it orbits Earth so that over the course of six months, each sensor collects particles from every part of ...

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ibex/IBEXOrbitAnimation.html

Orbit: Lightweight jQuery Slider. Orbit is a jQuery slider developed by ZURB. The plugin is lightweight(4KB), easy to implement ... Note: This version of Orbit has been deprecated and will no longer be developed or supported. For the most recent code, check ... Create solid fix for positioning the initial Orbit container (since it gets wrapped and positioning gets broken without ... All of the docs and the download link are on the playground page too: http://www.zurb.com/playground/orbit-jquery-image-slider ...

https://github.com/zurb/orbit

Decaying Orbit is an unorthodox, highly diverse & genre-splitting band from Texas led by their infamous front man Mike Ash. # ... Decaying Orbit is an unorthodox, highly diverse & genre-splitting band from Texas led by their infamous front man Mike Ash. # ... Decaying Orbit has traveled beyond the veil and into the realms of the spirits, only to reemerge, like a caterpillar from its ... Decaying Orbit is an unorthodox, highly diverse & genre-splitting band from Texas led by their infamous front man Mike Ash. "No ...

https://www.soundclick.com/artist/default.cfm?bandID=960588

Conclusions: Orbit injuries from bicycle brake levers are rare, and helmets or protective eyewear probably would not have prevented these injuries. (elsevier.com)

The first thing you do when you see a lesion in the orbit, is to decide whether it is an ocular lesion or a non-ocular lesion, i.e. is it involving the globe or involving the structures outside the globe. (radiologyassistant.nl)

Most satellites in halo orbit serve scientific purposes, for example as space telescopes . (wikipedia.org)
As the satellites are in orbit outside the atmosphere there is no air resistance, and therefore, according to the law of inertia, the speed of the satellite is constant resulting in a stable orbit around the Earth for many years. (esa.int)
The company expects to be able to place small satellites in a wide variety of low Earth orbits. (space.com)
Communications and remote-sensing satellites are often placed in geostationary orbits. (encyclopedia.com)
The launch was timed so that NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory, or OCO, would end up at the front of a train of polar-orbiting environmental satellites that cross Earth's equator every afternoon. (yahoo.com)
Putting satellites and spacecraft into low earth orbit is getting easier and less expensive all the time, but that also means we're possibly creating even more orbiting space junk around our planet -- without any way to remove this garbage. (techdirt.com)
DARPA is working on a project called Phoenix which aims to create new satellites that can cannibalize older satellites in orbit for parts. (techdirt.com)
DARPA wants to demonstrate robotic satellites that can salvage reusable parts such as antennas from obsolete satellites in geosynchronous orbit, but there are quite a few technological and logistical hurdles to overcome. (techdirt.com)
Low Earth orbit CubeSats have already made affordable satellite experiments possible for universities as well as government space agencies, so floating a few of these satellites out beyond Earth's reach could open up even more possibilities. (techdirt.com)
The CleanSpace One project is planning to launch satellites that can clear out space debris in the Earth's orbit. (techdirt.com)
ARIANESPACE says two satellites ended up in off-target orbits after being launched from Kourou, French Guiana, aboard a Soyuz rocket. (news.com.au)
THE European Space Agency and launch company Arianespace say the satellites ended up in off-target orbits after being launched on Friday from Kourou, French Guiana, aboard a Soyuz rocket. (news.com.au)
NASA's Orbit Pavilion sound experience is an outdoor installation producing an innovative "soundscape" experience representing the movement of the International Space Station and 19 Earth Science satellites, each with distinctive sounds that interpret the satelites' missions. (huntington.org)
The ability to rendezvous in orbit could be used to help clear out space junk or inspect or fix satellites. (newscientist.com)
The Compass system willconsist of five satellites orbiting in the geostationary belt some 22,000 milesabove Earth, and 30 more craft circling the planet in a medium orbit, accordingto earlier Xinhua reports. (space.com)
Metop is a family of Sun-synchronous polar-orbit satellites built by Airbus Defence and Space as prime contractor, in conjunction with the European Space Agency (ESA), for Eumetsat, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites. (webwire.com)

Geostationary spacecraft require an orbit in the plane of the equator. (wikipedia.org)
Unless the launch site itself is quite close to the equator, it requires an impractically large amount of fuel to launch a spacecraft directly into such an orbit. (wikipedia.org)
[2] [3] For the Apollo program 's manned lunar missions, a parking orbit allowed time for spacecraft checkout while still close to home, before committing to the lunar trip. (wikipedia.org)
Halo orbits can be thought of as resulting from an interaction between the gravitational pull of the two planetary bodies and the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations on a spacecraft. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Farquhar advocated using spacecraft in a halo orbit on the far side of the Moon (Earth-Moon L 2 ) as a communications relay station for an Apollo mission to the far side of the Moon. (wikipedia.org)
A spacecraft in such a halo orbit would be in continuous view of both the Earth and the far side of the Moon. (wikipedia.org)
Hohmann orbit , also called Transfer Orbit , most economical path (though not the shortest or fastest) for a spacecraft to take from one planet to another. (britannica.com)
Consider Michael Collins a few years before, orbiting in his tiny Gemini 10 spacecraft with John Young. (scienceblogs.com)
We can pretend both spacecraft were in circular orbits 200km above the surface of the earth. (scienceblogs.com)
The spacecraft will soon use its propulsion system tocircularize the orbit at an altitude of about 13,000 miles (20,921 kilometers). (space.com)
The newest Beidou satellite was put in space inFebruary, and a marinesurveying spacecraft was orbited Wednesday. (space.com)
A NASA spacecraft fired its engine and slipped into orbit around the moon Saturday in the first of two back-to-back arrivals over the New Year's weekend. (nypost.com)
Once in orbit, the near-identical Grail-A and Grail-B spacecraft will spend the next two months refining their positions until they are just 34 miles (55 kilometers) above the surface and flying in formation. (nypost.com)
Now the spacecraft has reached its operational orbit. (rt.com)
The mini-space shuttle spacecraft, also referred to as the OTV-3, flew aboard an Atlas V craft, rocketing towards its orbit from Cape Canaveral in Florida just after 1:00 p.m. local time. (redorbit.com)
The spacecraft uses solar power for energy while orbiting Earth and features a 15 feet long wingspan. (redorbit.com)
The spacecraft has now entered the earth's orbit, where it will travel for two days before arriving at the International Space Station. (rt.com)
The Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft has become the first to orbit the solar system's innermost planet. (popularmechanics.com)
EDT last night, March 17, the MESSENGER spacecraft completed its 17 minute-long process of entering orbit of Mercury. (popularmechanics.com)
The spacecraft will now spend the next year in elliptical orbit. (popularmechanics.com)
Launched in 2004, the probe-whose full name is the Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft-will be the first in history to orbit the closest planet to the Sun, and its findings will help scientists answer fundamental questions about the dawn of the solar system. (popularmechanics.com)
If MESSENGER succeeds in entering orbit, the spacecraft will have to endure both heat from the sun, which is 11 times greater than what we receive here on Earth, and heat radiating off Mercury's surface, which Solomon says can get up to 350 degrees Celsius. (popularmechanics.com)
By November 15, the spacecraft is expected to be orbiting the moon at a distance of 100 kilometers and sending back data and images (the camera was tested with shots looking back at Earth ). (slashdot.org)
From the linked article: "The spacecraft will make observations from the initial orbit, and then the orbit will be lowered a 100 km circular polar orbit. (slashdot.org)

Getting there requires a geostationary transfer orbit with an apogee directly above the equator. (wikipedia.org)

In May 2018, Farquhar's original idea was finally realized when China placed the first communications relay satellite into a halo orbit around the Earth-Moon L 2 point. (wikipedia.org)
Virgin CEO Branson expects that LauncherOne could be ready to reach orbit early in 2019, according to his October 2018 blog post . (space.com)
Yadav A., Jha K. (2018) Rulkov Map in the Superior Orbit. (springer.com)

In December 1965, the company's engineers briefed NASA's Office of Manned Space Flight (OMSF) and Bellcomm, OMSF's planning contractor, on results of a preliminary feasibility study of a one-man CSM mission to rescue Apollo astronauts stranded in lunar orbit. (wired.com)
The NAA engineers did not describe specific lunar-orbit rescue scenarios, though the CSM modifications they outlined offer clues about the types of rescues they envisioned. (wired.com)
The rescue CSM pilot could reconfigure the docking unit in flight, implying that the situation in lunar orbit might be unknown or in flux when he departed Earth. (wired.com)
NAA expected that a lunar-orbit rescue might require a spacewalk, so provided the rescue CSM pilot with a tether and a life support umbilical extension, a compressed-gas-propelled maneuvering device, and a protective 'meteoroid garment' of the type Apollo moonwalkers would wear over their suits. (wired.com)
The rescue CSM and Saturn V would stand by until the Apollo lunar CSM safely departed lunar orbit and began the fall back to Earth, then would be rolled back to the cavernous Vehicle Assembly Building for storage until the next Apollo lunar mission. (wired.com)
When it finally has enough energy, it will pop over the brink and it can enter lunar orbit with very little fuel use to close the orbit. (everything2.com)
Its twin Grail-B still had to enter lunar orbit on New Year's Day. (nypost.com)
After an 18-day journey, Chandrayaan-1, the moon mission of India, has entered Lunar orbit . (slashdot.org)
The lunar orbit insertion placed Chandrayaan-1 in an elliptical orbit with its nearest point 400 to 500 kilometers away from the moon, and the farthest, 7,500 kilometers. (slashdot.org)

polar orbit An orbit which is inclined at 45° or more to the equatorial plane. (encyclopedia.com)
For this match, it's Recharger vs. Nonrecharger, and the prize is a ride into polar orbit aboard a rocket launched from Baikonar, Ukraine, in May. (wired.com)
The third polar-orbit meteorological satellite, Metop-C, was successfully launched today by a Soyuz rocket from the European Space Port in French Guyana. (webwire.com)

Previous Beidou satelliteswere placed in geostationary orbit, but Friday's launch delivered the firstCompass satellite to medium Earth orbit. (space.com)

The German engineer Walter Hohmann showed in 1925 that elliptical orbits tangent to the orbits of both the planet of departure and the target planet require the least fuel and energy. (britannica.com)
In describing the nature of elliptical orbits, scientists use a factor known as "eccentricity", which is expressed in the form of a number between zero and one. (universetoday.com)

When the craft crosses the equator, the upper stage is fired to raise the spacecraft's apogee to geostationary altitude (and often reduce the inclination of the transfer orbit, as well). (wikipedia.org)
It produces a higher altitude and thus ends up reducing v. So Gemini 10 moves forward, and simultaneously it starts rising to a higher orbit. (scienceblogs.com)
But Micius changes all that because it orbits at an altitude of 500 kilometers, and for most of this distance, any photons making the journey travel through a vacuum. (technologyreview.com)
Launched from the International Space Station on August 8, the satellite is traveling in a low orbit and is steadily losing altitude. (arrl.org)
We don't often get views of the Earth from this altitude, stuck as we are in low earth orbit (ISS - looking at you). (slashdot.org)
Operating in Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 800 km, IASI scans the Earth s atmosphere along an axis perpendicular to its trajectory, in 2,200 kilometer-wide swaths. (webwire.com)

The main disadvantage of fuzzy orbits is that whilst a normal Hohmann transfer orbit will take 3 days, a fuzzy orbit can take months or years. (everything2.com)
The three-stage Long March3A rocket left its payload in an egg-shaped transfer orbit with an inclinationof 55 degrees. (space.com)

The alternative to a parking orbit is direct injection , where the rocket fires continuously (except during staging) until its fuel is exhausted, ending with the payload on the final trajectory . (wikipedia.org)
Use of a parking orbit requires a rocket upper stage to perform the injection burn while under zero g conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Often, the same upper stage which performs the parking orbit injection is used for the final injection burn, which requires use of a restartable liquid-propellant rocket engine. (wikipedia.org)
Virgin Orbit is building and testing a rocket dedicated to carrying such machines to orbit. (space.com)
An artist's depiction of a Virgin Orbit LauncherOne rocket being air-launched from its Cosmic Girl mothership. (space.com)
The next step is to conduct drop tests, during which Virgin Orbit engineers can study the rocket-release mechanism and observe the launch vehicle's flight through Earth's atmosphere, Virgin Orbit representatives have said . (space.com)
Their task was to dock with an unmanned Agena rocket which would propel them into a higher orbit. (scienceblogs.com)
A few minutes after the launch, the Antares rocket was safely in orbit, prompting cheers and sighs of relief on the ground. (economist.com)
The space lab made the journey into orbit atop a Long March 2F rocket. (bbc.co.uk)
Your orbit is entirely determined by what your rocket provider has sold you. (oreilly.com)

For several centuries, astronomers have applied the scientific method to answer this question, and have determined that the Earth's orbit around the Sun has many fascinating characteristics. (universetoday.com)
First of all, the speed of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is 108,000 km/h, which means that our planet travels 940 million km during a single orbit. (universetoday.com)
Next, there is the nature of the Earth's orbit. (universetoday.com)
Earth's orbit has an eccentricity of less than 0.02, which means that it is very close to being circular. (universetoday.com)
Third, there is the role Earth's orbit plays in the seasons, which we referred to above. (universetoday.com)

Decaying Orbit is an unorthodox, highly diverse & genre-splitting band from Texas led by their infamous front man Mike Ash. (soundclick.com)
Decaying Orbit is produced by their label, Decaying Enterprises and has released over six studio albums since they formed in 2008 after the violent break up of the Psychedelic Rock band, Strangefire, of which Mike was the former front man. (soundclick.com)
Decaying Orbit believes in unadulterated musical & creative freedom, Mike describes their music as a "cathartic purge" or "nervous break downs caught on tape. (soundclick.com)
Decaying Orbit has traveled beyond the veil and into the realms of the spirits, only to reemerge, like a caterpillar from it's cocoon emerges as a beautiful butterfly, so does Decaying Orbit get reborn through the fire of their cacophonous tunage. (soundclick.com)
It's the passion behind the emotions found in the music that matters to Decaying Orbit, they believe that integrity is more important than fortune or fame. (soundclick.com)
This is our Decaying Orbit & we do hope that you will N'Joy tha' show! (soundclick.com)
Decaying Orbit began after the break up of Mike's former band, Strangefire in 2008. (soundclick.com)
The album brought multiple world wide #1 songs for the band and was the perfect beginning to the Decaying Orbit sound. (soundclick.com)
The Collective chronicles ALL of the collaborations that Decaying Orbit has been a part of. (soundclick.com)
I have never played a show with Decaying Orbit due to health and monetary issues, but, I would truly LOVE to play a show with Decaying Orbit, that would rock my soxx off! (soundclick.com)
Because Decaying Orbit is actually more of a dramatic mystery than anything else, complete with treason, greed, and (finally! (bellaonline.com)
Check out this 'Decaying Orbit' montage I found when looking for images. (bellaonline.com)
If you want to see aliens and green women in bikinis, stay away from Decaying Orbit . (bellaonline.com)

Compare GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT . (encyclopedia.com)

A program that colours the Mandelbrot set using a point-based orbit trap will assign each pixel with a "distance" variable, that will typically be very high when first assigned: double distance = 10e5 As the program passes the complex value through the iterative function it will check the distance between each point in the orbit and the trap point. (wikipedia.org)
This quirk in our orbit determines the solstices - the point in the orbit of maximum axial tilt toward or away from the Sun - and the equinoxes, when the direction of the tilt and the direction to the Sun are perpendicular. (universetoday.com)

But the equation told us that higher v means a lower orbit by almost two kilometers. (scienceblogs.com)
Researchers in China have teleported a photon from the ground to a satellite orbiting more than 500 kilometers above. (technologyreview.com)

When the Space Shuttle orbiter launched interplanetary probes such as Galileo , it used a parking orbit to deliver the probe to the right injection spot. (wikipedia.org)
Compromise orbits, faster but needing more energy than true Hohmann orbits, have been used by interplanetary probes launched since the 1960s. (britannica.com)

The orbit is the bony cavity in the skull that houses the globe of the eye (eyeball), the muscles that move the eye (the extraocular muscles), the lacrimal gland, and the blood vessels and nerves required to supply these structures. (britannica.com)

In March 2017, Virgin Galactic , a private space tourism company owned by British entrepreneur Richard Branson, announced the spinoff of a separate firm called Virgin Orbit. (space.com)

Scientists have been waiting since 2009 for OCO to reach orbit. (yahoo.com)

China's third manned space mission reached its final orbit early on Friday where astronauts preparing for the country's first spacewalk enjoyed spicy food and the convenience of an onboard toilet. (france24.com)

The default value for Orbit Around is 0, which results in a stable orbit. (apple.com)

Since the Sun is 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, it has to travel at an astonishing speed of 782,000 km/hour in a circular orbit around the Milky Way center. (universetoday.com)
At the hobbyist level, you're going to most likely get a standard 250km or so nearly circular orbit, either equatorial or polar. (oreilly.com)

geostationary orbit Location of an artificial satellite so that it remains above the same point on a planet's surface because it completes one orbit in the same time it takes that planet to rotate once on its axis. (encyclopedia.com)
The probe also carries a complex digital camera called the Mercury Dual Imaging System, which features a wide angle, multi-spectral camera for observing the different types of rock on the planet and a narrow-angle camera that will capture 98 percent of the planet's surface as MESSENGER completes its 12-hour orbits. (popularmechanics.com)

A parking orbit is a temporary orbit used during the launch of a satellite or other space probe . (wikipedia.org)
Because halo orbits tend to be unstable, stationkeeping is required to keep a satellite on the orbit. (wikipedia.org)
A team of science students at each site is vying to become the world's first to put its own satellite into orbit. (wired.com)
D-Sat is a small satellite equipped with a dedicated propulsive device to remove it from orbit in a quick, direct, and controlled way at the end of its mission. (kickstarter.com)
We look at what conditions your satellite must endure, how to test your satellite, and what launch, ground and orbit support you will need. (oreilly.com)
to send into orbit, as a satellite. (dictionary.com)
A 'science orbit' is when a satellite revolves in a near circle pattern very close around a planetary body's atmosphere . (everything2.com)
China launches space lab Jump to media player China has launched into orbit its first space laboratory, Tiangong-1, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in Gansu Province. (bbc.co.uk)
Such an orbit lasts (because of drag by the tenuous ionosphere) from 3 to 16 weeks before the satellite will suffer a fiery reentry. (oreilly.com)
The excellent skills match assures Leonardo is able to assure an end-to-end offering for all users requirements: from space systems manufacturing, up to the production of a wide range of high-tech instruments, subsystems, sensors and the management of launch and in-orbit services and satellite services. (webwire.com)

Parking orbit for one of the early Ranger missions to the Moon. (wikipedia.org)
The trick with a fuzzy orbit is to try to arrange that the vehicle 's orbit is such that the moon pulls on it and gives it a little extra energy and momentum each time it goes past. (everything2.com)
Additionally, you must be reasonably close to the moon to start with for it to perturb your orbit enough for this to work. (everything2.com)
The two probes are scheduled to enter orbit around the moon over New Year's weekend. (nypost.com)

An upgrade to the second stage (ESC-B) will have multiple restart capability, so future missions may use parking orbits. (wikipedia.org)
[4] Although several other missions since then have traveled to Lagrange points, they typically have used the related non-periodic variations called Lissajous orbits rather than an actual halo orbit. (wikipedia.org)
All the SpLAN orbiting nodes are envisioned as simple, lightweight, standard hardware with minimal new infrastructure required for new missions, the ability to route past damage in that time-honoured IP fashion, and lots of useful interoperability with existing systems. (zdnet.com)

This table was first created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on a machine-readable version of the Exoplanet Orbit Database which was obtained from the authors' web site ( http://exoplanets.org ), file exoplanets.csv. (nasa.gov)

NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 mission (OCO-2) launches from Vandenberg Air Force Base, in California July 2, 2014. (yahoo.com)

The planet's distance from the Sun varies as it orbits. (universetoday.com)

Orbit was the son of Epsom Derby and Champion Stakes winner Bend Or. (wikipedia.org)
Orbit started his three-year-old career by winning the Craven Stakes at Newmarket by ¾ length from Cotillon. (wikipedia.org)
Orbit started as the 9/4 favourite for the Eclipse Stakes and in the final 100 yards of the race Orbit gradually edged away from stablemate Ossory and beat him by a length. (wikipedia.org)

This would put the company in a good position to potentially launch some of the many thousands of cubesats expected to need rides to orbit in the next few years, as companies like SpaceX and Planet aim to create space-based networks that can provide internet access and global-imaging capabilities. (space.com)

China launched its secondsatellite in less than three days Friday when a Long March 3A rocketsuccessfully delivered a navigation craft into orbit. (space.com)
The Orbit is a 1.8 by 0.6-inch (4.6 by 1.5 centimeters) device that has a display screen and a single navigation button. (livescience.com)
You simply press the navigation button once, make sure the device is charged and then download the accompanying Runtastic Me mobile app, which is designed specifically for the Orbit. (livescience.com)
When you press the navigation button once, the Orbit will show you the time of day, and when you press it subsequent times, the device will display how many steps you've taken, how many calories you've burned and how many "active minutes" (of walking, running, etc.) you had that day. (livescience.com)

Until we get a fully transparent display, the Orbit smartphone will have to do! (yankodesign.com)

Astronomers have calculated that it takes the Sun 226 million years to completely orbit around the center of the Milky Way. (universetoday.com)
Here's an article that describes the process astronomers used to determine the orbit around the Milky Way. (universetoday.com)
Astronomers have discovered that rocky, terrestrial planets might orbit many, if not most, of the nearby sun-like stars in the disk of our galaxy. (redorbit.com)
While the Air Force is keeping its lips sealed about the ongoing mission, amateur astronomers are sure to be keeping an eye on X-37B's flight path to try and determine its purpose in orbit. (redorbit.com)

Carlson, Paul W. (1999), "Two artistic orbit trap rendering methods for Newton M-set fractals", Computers & Graphics, 23 (6): 925-931, doi:10.1016/S0097-8493(99)00123-5. (wikipedia.org)
New NASA measurements of the orbit of the half-kilometer asteroid 1999 RQ36 have given space science its most precise measurement of such space rocks' orbit - and revealed a 160km deviation from the orbit predicted by gravity. (theregister.co.uk)

NASA 'deep space' ship: Humans beyond orbit by 2020? (theregister.co.uk)

Hauppauge-based Orbit International Corp. has received an order valued at more than $600,000 for panels for the E-2 Hawkeye aircraft, the company announced Friday morning. (newsday.com)

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter successfully entered orbit around Mars on Friday, NASA mission controllers have confirmed. (newscientist.com)
The orbit insertion was a critical moment in the mission, as two of the last four orbiters NASA sent to Mars did not survive the final approach. (newscientist.com)

Last summer, I wrote a piece on the search for small solar system objects that might, theoretically, circle the Sun inside Mercury's orbit. (slate.com)

Tonight, if all goes well , NASA's MESSENGER probe will complete a seven-year journey by entering orbit of Mercury. (popularmechanics.com)

Hedersleben tracks, including a track from Orbit, have been featured in the upcoming action/heist movie Diamond Cartel (starring Armand Assante and Bolo Yeung) and dark thriller The Devil's Domain starring Michael Madsen! (musiciansfriend.com)
One thing that confused me about the Orbit was that the company claims that the device tracks "happiness" and "ambient lighting. (livescience.com)

Similar to the Attracted To behavior, the Orbit Around behavior's default parameter settings give the object sufficient initial velocity to orbit around another object in a perfect circle. (apple.com)
Behaviors such as Attractor and Repel applied to nearby objects may disrupt an object with the Orbit Around behavior applied to it. (apple.com)
In the Layers list, you can also drag the target object onto the Orbit Around behavior. (apple.com)
4 is spiking-busting whereas earlier in picard orbit its behavior is chaotic. (springer.com)

There may well be valid scenarios here the Orbit bundle is not appropriate but projects are strongly urged to share as much as possible. (eclipse.org)

Orbits can be positioned near the Earth's equator (equatorial orbits) or loop from the North to South Pole (polar orbits). (oreilly.com)

Mission: activate onboard systems to make your way through the ship to the space hangar zone and navigate 'Aurora' dropship from the martian orbit toward landing site on the planet. (microsoft.com)
All makes sense to me - but the SpLAN will be orbiting a planet full of people who are very good at hacking IP-based systems. (zdnet.com)
In their paper, the authors use the Data Explorer to generate publication-ready plots, giving three examples of the signatures of exoplanet migration and dynamical evolution: They illustrate the character of the apparent correlation between mass and period in exoplanet orbits, the different selection biases between radial velocity and transit surveys, and that the multi-planet systems show a distinct semi-major-axis distribution from apparently singleton systems. (nasa.gov)
During this phase, it will dip into Mars's atmosphere hundreds of times, using the friction of atmospheric drag to move from an approximately 35-hour orbit that extends about 35,000 miles (56,000 kilometres) above the planet to a two-hour orbit that skims just 190 miles (300 kilometres) above its surface. (newscientist.com)
In her debut novel Winter's Orbit , Everina Maxwell rockets this surefire premise into space, uniting Prince Kiem (lesser royal of the Iskat Empire) in a political marriage with Count Jainan (from vassal planet Thea) following the unexpected and tragic death of Jainan's husband, Prince Taam. (npr.org)
This video chronicles some of the major events that occurred on this planet during a single Neptune orbit. (hubblesite.org)
Metop-C brings in orbit a suite of sophisticated instrumentation, including GOME-2, provided by Leonardo, and IASI, provided by Thales Alenia Space, Joint Venture between Thales (67 %) and Leonardo (33 %), two state-of-the-art European instruments playing a fundamental role in protecting our Planet. (webwire.com)

The eye is protected from mechanical injury by being enclosed in a socket, or orbit, which is made up of portions of several of the bones of the skull to form a four-sided pyramid, the apex of which points back into the head. (britannica.com)
the eye socket," from Old French orbite or directly from Medieval Latin orbita , transferred use of Latin orbita "wheel track, beaten path, rut, course, orbit" (see orb ). (dictionary.com)

Orbit-Tech provides a fun and exciting atmosphere and understands the need for a healthy work/life balance. (sprint.com)

At a distance of 36000km, the orbiting time is 24 hours corresponding to the Earth's rotation time. (esa.int)

However, once the plane successfully reached orbit, the broadcast was ended "at the request of our customer. (redorbit.com)

In a literal example of a parking orbit, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) could park for several months in orbit while waiting to rendezvous with the International Space Station . (wikipedia.org)

For the most recent code, check out the responsive version of Orbit included in Foundation , our rapid prototyping and production framework. (github.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms7

Diseases94

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science7

Named Groups1

Health Care12

Ruptured aneurysm of the orbitofrontal artery associated with dural arteriovenous malformation in the anterior cranial fossa--case report. (1/749)

Development of an animal model of autoimmune thyroid eye disease. (2/749)

CT examination of the head of the Baikal seal (Phoca sibirica). (3/749)

The role of octreoscan in thyroid eye disease. (4/749)

Dissociable neural responses to facial expressions of sadness and anger. (5/749)

Glaucoma patients demonstrate faulty autoregulation of ocular blood flow during posture change. (6/749)

Orbitofrontal cortex and representation of incentive value in associative learning. (7/749)

Choosing between small, likely rewards and large, unlikely rewards activates inferior and orbital prefrontal cortex. (8/749)

Orbital Neoplasms

Orbital Diseases

Exophthalmos

Orbit Evisceration

Oculomotor Muscles

Graves Ophthalmopathy

Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures

Eye Foreign Bodies

Extraterrestrial Environment

Eye Neoplasms

Orbital Pseudotumor

Space Flight

Eye Enucleation

Enophthalmos

Orbital Implants

Diplopia

Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases

Earth (Planet)

Anophthalmos

Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Planets

Decalcification, Pathologic

Frontal Sinus

Eye Injuries

Eye, Artificial

Facial Injuries

Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

Eye

Exobiology

Oculomotor Nerve

Spacecraft

Eyelid Neoplasms

Laron Syndrome

Explosive Agents

Hemangioma, Cavernous

Skull Neoplasms

Sphenoid Bone

Mucocele

Skull

Eyelids

Paranasal Sinus Diseases

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Maxillary Sinus

Eye Movements

Tarsiidae

Optic Nerve

Eye Diseases

Eye Injuries, Penetrating

Cosmic Dust

Paranasal Sinuses

Cranial Fossa, Anterior

Ophthalmoplegia

Orbital Cellulitis

Astronomy

Lacrimal Apparatus

Jupiter

Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey

Cranial Fossa, Middle

Saturn

Weightlessness

Periosteum

Mesenchymoma

Facial Neoplasms

Blepharoptosis

Graves Disease

Eye Infections, Parasitic

Strabismus

Solar System

Receptors, Thyrotropin

Trinitrotoluene

Ophthalmic Artery

Connective Tissue

Optic Nerve Neoplasms

Pseudohypoaldosteronism

Evolution, Chemical

Solitary Fibrous Tumors

Evolution, Planetary

Eyelid Diseases

Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms

Esotropia