There are several types of tooth loss, including:

1. Anterior tooth loss: This occurs when one or more front teeth are missing.
2. Posterior tooth loss: This occurs when one or more back teeth are missing.
3. Bilateral tooth loss: This occurs when there is a loss of teeth on both sides of the dental arch.
4. Unilateral tooth loss: This occurs when there is a loss of teeth on one side of the dental arch.
5. Complete tooth loss: This occurs when all teeth are missing from the dental arch.
6. Partial tooth loss: This occurs when only some teeth are missing from the dental arch.

Tooth loss can cause various problems such as difficulty chewing and biting food, speech difficulties, and changes in the appearance of the face and smile. It can also lead to other oral health issues such as shifting of the remaining teeth, bone loss, and gum recession.

Treatment options for tooth loss vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Some possible treatments include dentures, implants, bridges, and crowns. It is important to seek professional dental care if you experience any type of tooth loss to prevent further complications and restore oral health.

There are two types of fluorosis:

1. Mild fluorosis: This type is characterized by white or brown spots or streaks on the surface of the teeth.
2. Severe fluorosis: This type is characterized by pitting or roughening of the tooth enamel, which can lead to cavities or structural weakness in the teeth.

Fluorosis is typically diagnosed through a visual examination of the teeth. In some cases, X-rays may be used to assess the severity of the condition. There is no specific treatment for fluorosis, but there are ways to manage its symptoms. For mild cases, regular cleaning and polishing of the teeth can help remove any stains or discoloration. In severe cases, dental fillings or crowns may be necessary to restore the damaged teeth.

Preventing fluorosis is much easier than treating it, so it's important to take steps to limit your child's exposure to excessive amounts of fluoride. This includes:

* Using fluoride toothpaste in appropriate amounts (a pea-sized amount for children under 3 years old and a portion the size of a grain of rice for children 3-6 years old)
* Limiting the consumption of fluoridated drinks, such as bottled water or formula, especially for infants
* Using a fluoride-free toothpaste for children under 3 years old
* Monitoring your child's fluoride intake and consulting with your dentist or healthcare provider if you have concerns.

The exact etiology of BMS is still unknown, but it is believed to be related to several factors such as hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, allergies, psychological stress, and certain medications. The condition can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender, but it is more common among postmenopausal women.

The diagnosis of BMS is based on a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as the exclusion of other potential causes of the symptoms. There is no specific laboratory test for BMS, but tests such as salivary flow rate, pH levels, and nutrient deficiencies may be performed to rule out other conditions.

Treatment options for BMS include:

1. Medications: antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, and pain relievers may be prescribed to manage symptoms.
2. Lifestyle modifications: avoiding spicy or acidic foods, drinking plenty of water, and practicing stress-reducing techniques such as meditation or yoga.
3. Nutritional supplements: vitamin B complex, folic acid, and iron may be recommended to address any underlying deficiencies.
4. Topical treatments: aloe vera gel, benzocaine gels, and capsaicin patches may provide relief from burning and pain.
5. Alternative therapies: acupuncture, hypnosis, and cognitive-behavioral therapy may be beneficial in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as BMS can have a significant impact on daily activities and overall well-being. A healthcare professional can help determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

The symptoms of an oral ulcer may include:

* Pain or discomfort when eating, speaking, or drinking
* Difficulty swallowing or eating
* Redness and swelling around the ulcer
* A burning sensation in the mouth
* Discharge of fluid from the ulcer

Oral ulcers can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Trauma to the mouth (e.g., biting the inside of the cheek)
* Infection with viruses or bacteria (e.g., herpes simplex virus, candida)
* Autoimmune disorders (e.g., lichen planus, lupus)
* Allergies to certain medications or foods
* Deficiencies in vitamins and minerals (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency)

Treatment for an oral ulcer depends on the underlying cause, but may include:

* Pain relief medication (e.g., ibuprofen, acetaminophen)
* Antimicrobial medication to treat infection (e.g., antibiotics)
* Topical medications (e.g., anesthetics, anti-inflammatory agents)
* Dietary changes to avoid irritating foods or substances
* Good oral hygiene practices

It is important to seek medical attention if an oral ulcer does not heal within 2 weeks, bleeds frequently, or is accompanied by high fever, swollen lymph nodes, or difficulty swallowing.

Dental deposits refer to the accumulation of plaque, tartar, and other substances on the teeth and dental restorations. These deposits can lead to various oral health problems, such as tooth decay, gum disease, and bad breath. Dental deposits can be removed through regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings.

Types of Dental Deposits:

There are several types of dental deposits that can accumulate on the teeth and dental restorations, including:

1. Plaque: A sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth and can lead to tooth decay and gum disease.
2. Tartar (calculus): A hard, yellowish deposit that forms on the teeth and dental restorations, made up of mineralized plaque.
3. Stains: Discoloration of the teeth due to various factors such as smoking, coffee, tea, or certain medications.
4. Biofilm: A complex community of microorganisms that adhere to the surfaces of the teeth and dental restorations, which can contribute to the development of periodontal disease.

Effects of Dental Deposits:

Dental deposits can have a significant impact on oral health if left untreated. Some of the effects of dental deposits include:

1. Tooth Decay: The accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth can lead to tooth decay, which can cause pain, sensitivity, and potentially lead to tooth loss.
2. Gum Disease: Plaque and tartar can also contribute to the development of gum disease, which can cause inflammation, bleeding, and receding gums.
3. Bad Breath: Dental deposits can cause bad breath (halitosis), which can be embarrassing and affect an individual's self-confidence.
4. Tooth Discoloration: Stains on the teeth can cause discoloration, which can make the teeth appear yellow or brown.
5. Increased Risk of Dental Caries: Dental deposits can provide a conducive environment for the growth of cariogenic bacteria, which can increase the risk of dental caries.
6. Difficulty Chewing and Speaking: Advanced periodontal disease can cause teeth to become loose or fall out, making it difficult to chew and speak properly.
7. Self-Esteem Issues: Poor oral health can affect an individual's self-esteem and confidence, which can impact their overall quality of life.
8. Systemic Diseases: There is evidence that suggests a link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease.

Prevention of Dental Deposits:

Preventing dental deposits is essential for maintaining good oral health. Some ways to prevent dental deposits include:

1. Brushing and Flossing: Regular brushing and flossing can help remove plaque and tartar from the teeth, reducing the risk of dental deposits.
2. Dietary Changes: Avoiding sugary and starchy foods, drinking plenty of water, and consuming a balanced diet can help prevent the formation of dental deposits.
3. Professional Cleaning: Regular professional cleaning by a dentist or hygienist can remove tartar and plaque that is difficult to remove with brushing and flossing alone.
4. Fluoride Treatment: Fluoride treatment can help strengthen teeth and prevent the formation of dental deposits.
5. Salivary Substitutes: For individuals with dry mouth, salivary substitutes can help stimulate saliva production and reduce the risk of dental deposits.
6. Oral Rinses: Using an oral rinse can help remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth and gums.
7. Tobacco Cessation: Quitting tobacco use can help improve oral health and reduce the risk of dental deposits.
8. Regular Dental Check-Ups: Regular dental check-ups can help identify early signs of dental deposits and prevent more serious problems from developing.

The main causes of periodontitis are poor oral hygiene, smoking, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. The symptoms of periodontitis include:

* Redness and swelling of the gums
* Bad breath
* Bleeding while brushing or flossing
* Pocket formation between the teeth and gums
* Loose teeth or changes in the bite
* Changes in the color or shape of the gums

If left untreated, periodontitis can lead to serious complications such as:

* Tooth loss
* Bone loss around the teeth
* Infection of the dental implant or prosthetic tooth
* Spread of bacteria to other parts of the body, leading to systemic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.

Periodontitis can be treated by a dentist or periodontist with a combination of non-surgical and surgical procedures, including:

* Scaling and root planing (deep cleaning of the teeth and roots)
* Antibiotics to treat infection
* Bone grafting to restore lost bone tissue
* Gum grafting to cover exposed roots
* Dental implants or prosthetic teeth to replace missing teeth.

It is important to practice good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing regularly, to prevent periodontitis. Early detection and treatment can help prevent the progression of the disease and save teeth from being lost.

Gingival recession is a condition where the gums (gingiva) pull back or recede from the teeth, exposing the roots and increasing the risk of decay and sensitivity. It can be caused by various factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, grinding or clenching teeth, gum disease, or a misaligned bite.

Gingival recession can lead to tooth sensitivity and pain, and if left untreated, it can progress to more severe conditions such as periodontitis (gum infection) and tooth loss. Treatment options for gingival recession include deep cleaning, gum grafting, and changes to oral hygiene practices.

Gingival Recession Causes and Risk Factors:

Poor oral hygiene
Smoking
Grinding or clenching teeth
Gum disease
Misaligned bite
Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause)
Crooked teeth or teeth with large fillings
Teeth whitening products
Diabetes
Stress

Gingival Recession Symptoms:

Tooth sensitivity
Pain when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages
Redness, swelling, or bleeding of the gums
Exposure of the roots of the teeth
Darkening of the teeth due to root exposure
Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
Gum recession can also lead to:

Periodontitis (gum infection)
Tooth loss
Bone loss around the teeth
Increased risk of heart disease and stroke

Prevention and Treatment of Gingival Recession:

Good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing once a day, and regular dental cleanings can help prevent gingival recession. Quitting smoking, reducing stress, and maintaining a healthy diet can also help prevent or slow the progression of the condition.

If you have gingival recession, your dentist may recommend:

Deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove plaque and tartar from the teeth and beneath the gum line
Gum grafting to cover exposed roots and protect the teeth
Medications such as antibiotics or pain relievers to treat any infections or discomfort
Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing stress, and improving your diet to help manage the condition.

If you suspect you have gingival recession, it is important to see a dentist for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With proper care and management, it is possible to prevent or slow the progression of the condition and maintain good oral health.

Gingival Overgrowth can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, swelling, bleeding, and sensitivity in the gums. It can also lead to tooth loss if left untreated. Treatment for Gingival Overgrowth typically involves a combination of professional dental cleaning, antibiotics, and changes to the patient's oral hygiene routine. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the excess tissue.

Gingival Overgrowth can be prevented by maintaining good oral hygiene habits, such as brushing and flossing regularly, and visiting a dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings. Early detection and treatment of Gingival Overgrowth can help to prevent more severe complications and improve the overall health of the teeth and gums.

The most common symptoms of dental enamel hypoplasia are yellow or brown discoloration of the teeth, sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks, and an increased risk of cavities.

Treatment for dental enamel hypoplasia typically involves restorative procedures such as fillings, crowns, or veneers to repair and protect the affected teeth. In severe cases, extraction of the damaged teeth may be necessary. Preventive measures such as good oral hygiene practices, a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful substances like tobacco and excessive sugars can also help manage the condition.

Early detection and treatment of dental enamel hypoplasia are crucial to prevent further damage and improve the appearance and function of the teeth. Dentists may use specialized techniques such as radiographs and clinical examinations to diagnose this condition and recommend appropriate treatments.

Etymology: [O.E. mund, mouth + L. dentatus, toothed.]

Synonyms: Toothless mouth.

Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913

In layman's terms, this definition is saying that a mouth, edentulous refers to a mouth without teeth. This can be due to various reasons such as tooth loss due to decay, injury, or other factors. The term is used in the medical field, specifically in dentistry, to describe a patient who requires dentures or other prosthetic devices to replace missing teeth.

In conclusion, mouth, edentulous is a medical term used to describe a toothless mouth, and it is commonly used in dentistry to identify patients who require dentures or other prosthetic devices to restore their dental health.

It is common for people with poor oral hygiene habits, smokers or those with systemic diseases such as diabetes or heart disease to experience periodontal attachment loss. It can also be a consequence of aging, as the supporting bone and gum tissue around the teeth can degenerate over time.

There are several risk factors for periodontal attachment loss, including:

* Poor oral hygiene habits
* Smoking
* Systemic diseases such as diabetes or heart disease
* Genetic predisposition
* Poor diet
* Inadequate salivary flow
* Malocclusion (bad bite)

There are several treatment options available for periodontal attachment loss, including:

* Scaling and root planing (a deep cleaning of the teeth and beneath the gum line)
* Guided tissue regeneration (a surgical procedure to promote new bone growth)
* Bone grafting (a surgical procedure to repair or replace damaged bone)
* Dental implants (artificial tooth roots that are placed in the jawbone to support a dental crown or bridge)

It is important to note that periodontal attachment loss can be prevented with proper oral hygiene habits, regular dental check-ups and prompt treatment of any oral health issues.

The condition is characterized by the excessive growth of gum tissue, which can lead to:

1. Redness and swelling of the gums
2. Bleeding while brushing or flossing
3. Bad breath (halitosis)
4. Pocket formation between the teeth and gums
5. Gum recession
6. Tooth loss

Gingival hyperplasia can be treated by addressing the underlying cause, improving oral hygiene, and undergoing scaling and root planing procedures to remove plaque and tartar. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove excess gum tissue and restore the natural contours of the mouth.

It is important for individuals to practice good oral hygiene, including brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and receiving regular dental cleanings to prevent gingival hyperplasia and other gum diseases. Early detection and treatment can help prevent the progression of the condition and restore the health of the teeth and gums.

Tooth erosion can lead to sensitive teeth, pain, and discomfort when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages. In severe cases, it can cause teeth to appear yellow or brown, become brittle and prone to breaking, or even result in tooth loss.

To prevent tooth erosion, good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, avoiding acidic foods and drinks, and using a fluoride-based toothpaste can help protect teeth from acid wear. Dental sealants or varnishes may also be applied to the teeth to provide extra protection against erosion.

If tooth erosion has already occurred, dental treatments such as fillings, crowns, or veneers may be necessary to repair damaged teeth. In severe cases, teeth may need to be extracted and replaced with dental implants or bridges.

Note: The word "toothache" refers to pain in one or more teeth, and not to general gum pain or discomfort.

Also known as:

* Denture stomatitis
* Mucositis
* Gingivostomatitis

Causes and risk factors:

* Ill-fitting dentures
* Poor dental hygiene
* Smoking
* Diabetes
* AIDS
* Old age

Symptoms:

* Pain or discomfort in the mouth
* Ulcers on the gums and inner cheeks
* Difficulty eating or speaking
* Redness and swelling of the gums

Diagnosis:

* Physical examination of the mouth and dentures
* Medical history review
* Blood tests to rule out underlying conditions

Treatment:

* Fitting a new denture or relining the existing one to improve fit
* Improving dental hygiene habits
* Antibiotics for bacterial infections
* Pain relief medication

Prevention:

* Regular dental check-ups and cleaning of dentures
* Proper fit and maintenance of dentures
* Good oral hygiene practices

Note that this is a general overview of the topic, and it's always best to consult with a medical professional for specific advice.

VAP is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation and can lead to severe illness, organ failure, and death. The risk of developing VAP is increased in patients who are ventilated for longer periods of time, have underlying medical conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or sepsis, or have invasive medical devices such as central lines or urinary catheters.

The diagnosis of VAP is based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings, including fever, purulent respiratory secretions, and evidence of lung infection on chest radiographs or computed tomography (CT) scans. Treatment typically involves administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and supportive care, such as mechanical ventilation and fluid management.

Prevention of VAP is an important goal in critical care medicine, and strategies to reduce the risk of developing VAP include:

1. Early recognition and treatment of respiratory tract infections
2. Proper hand hygiene and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers
3. Regular cleaning and disinfection of medical devices and equipment
4. Use of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) with antibiotics and probiotics to reduce the risk of colonization of the respiratory tract by pathogenic bacteria
5. Avoiding invasive medical procedures whenever possible, and using alternative methods when feasible.

The incidence of VAP has been declining in recent years due to improved infection control practices and the use of evidence-based guidelines for prevention and treatment. However, VAP remains a significant challenge in critical care medicine, and ongoing research is needed to develop more effective strategies for prevention and treatment.

Causes and risk factors:

* Poor oral hygiene
* Smoking
* Genetics
* Hormonal changes
* Malnutrition
* Diabetes
* Obesity

Symptoms:

* Gum redness, swelling, and bleeding
* Pockets between the teeth and gums
* Bad breath
* Loose teeth or teeth that have moved out of their sockets
* Changes in the shape of the gum line

Diagnosis:

* Physical examination of the teeth and gums
* X-rays or other imaging tests to assess bone loss and other changes
* Blood tests to check for underlying conditions such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease

Treatment:

* Professional scaling and root planing (a deep cleaning of the teeth)
* Antibiotics to control infection
* Surgery to remove infected tissue or repair damaged bone
* Changes to oral hygiene habits, such as brushing and flossing more frequently

Prevention:

* Good oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing regularly
* Regular dental check-ups and cleanings
* Avoiding smoking and other harmful habits
* Maintaining a healthy diet and getting enough exercise

Prognosis:

* With proper treatment and good oral hygiene, the condition can be managed and teeth can be saved.
* Without treatment, the condition can progress and lead to tooth loss.

Complications:

* Tooth loss
* Bone loss
* Infection of other parts of the body (sepsis)
* Heart disease
* Stroke

Note: This definition is a general overview of chronic periodontitis and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice. If you suspect you have chronic periodontitis, it is important to consult with a dentist or other qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

1. Congenital abnormalities: These are present at birth and may be caused by genetic factors or environmental influences during fetal development. Examples include hypodontia (absence of one or more teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), or anodontia (absence of all teeth).
2. Acquired abnormalities: These can occur at any time during life, often as a result of trauma, infection, or other conditions. Examples include tooth decay, gum disease, or tooth wear and tear.
3. Developmental abnormalities: These occur during the development of teeth and may be caused by genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies, or exposure to certain medications or chemicals. Examples include enamel hypoplasia (thinning of tooth enamel) or peg-shaped teeth.
4. Structural abnormalities: These are irregularities in the shape or structure of teeth, such as anomalies in the size, shape, or position of teeth. Examples include crowded or misaligned teeth, or teeth that do not erupt properly.
5. Dental caries (tooth decay): This is a bacterial infection that causes the breakdown of tooth structure, often leading to cavities and tooth loss if left untreated.
6. Periodontal disease: This is an inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, including the gums and bone, and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
7. Tooth wear: This refers to the wear and tear of teeth over time, often due to habits such as bruxism (teeth grinding) or acid reflux.
8. Dental anomalies: These are rare, genetic conditions that affect the development and structure of teeth, such as peg-shaped teeth or geminated teeth (two teeth fused together).

These are just a few examples of tooth abnormalities, and there are many more conditions that can affect the health and appearance of teeth. Regular dental check-ups can help detect and address any issues early on to ensure good oral health.

It is also known as mouth inflammation.