Optic Neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).Neuritis: A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.Neuritis, Autoimmune, Experimental: An experimental animal model for the demyelinating disease of GUILLAINE-BARRE SYNDROME. In the most frequently used protocol, animals are injected with a peripheral nerve tissue protein homogenate. After approximately 2 weeks the animals develop a neuropathy secondary to a T cell-mediated autoimmune response directed towards the MYELIN P2 PROTEIN in peripheral nerves. Pathologic findings include a perivascular accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in the peripheral nervous system, similar to that seen in the Guillaine-Barre syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1314; J Neuroimmunol 1998 Apr 1;84(1):40-52)Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Neuromyelitis Optica: A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)Optic Disk: The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.Evoked Potentials, Visual: The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.Visual Acuity: Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.Vestibular Neuronitis: Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304)Optic Atrophy: Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.Retinal Ganglion Cells: Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.Scotoma: A localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. This occurs with a variety of EYE DISEASES (e.g., RETINAL DISEASES and GLAUCOMA); OPTIC NERVE DISEASES, and other conditions.Aquaporin 4: Aquaporin 4 is the major water-selective channel in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM of mammals.Vision Disorders: Visual impairments limiting one or more of the basic functions of the eye: visual acuity, dark adaptation, color vision, or peripheral vision. These may result from EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; VISUAL PATHWAY diseases; OCCIPITAL LOBE diseases; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS; and other conditions (From Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p132).Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.Optic Chiasm: The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic: Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)Color Perception Tests: Type of vision test used to determine COLOR VISION DEFECTS.Papilledema: Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)Visual Fields: The total area or space visible in a person's peripheral vision with the eye looking straightforward.Demyelinating Diseases: Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.Brachial Plexus Neuritis: A syndrome associated with inflammation of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS. Clinical features include severe pain in the shoulder region which may be accompanied by MUSCLE WEAKNESS and loss of sensation in the upper extremity. This condition may be associated with VIRUS DISEASES; IMMUNIZATION; SURGERY; heroin use (see HEROIN DEPENDENCE); and other conditions. The term brachial neuralgia generally refers to pain associated with brachial plexus injury. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1355-6)Color Vision Defects: Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.Myelitis, Transverse: Inflammation of a transverse portion of the spinal cord characterized by acute or subacute segmental demyelination or necrosis. The condition may occur sporadically, follow an infection or vaccination, or present as a paraneoplastic syndrome (see also ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED). Clinical manifestations include motor weakness, sensory loss, and incontinence. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1242-6)Optic Nerve Injuries: Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.Nerve Fibers: Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Tomography, Optical Coherence: An imaging method using LASERS that is used for mapping subsurface structure. When a reflective site in the sample is at the same optical path length (coherence) as the reference mirror, the detector observes interference fringes.Reflex, Pupillary: Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental: An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease. Inoculation with a white matter emulsion combined with FREUND'S ADJUVANT, myelin basic protein, or purified central myelin triggers a T cell-mediated immune response directed towards central myelin. The pathologic features are similar to MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, including perivascular and periventricular foci of inflammation and demyelination. Subpial demyelination underlying meningeal infiltrations also occurs, which is also a feature of ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED. Passive immunization with T-cells from an afflicted animal to a normal animal also induces this condition. (From Immunol Res 1998;17(1-2):217-27; Raine CS, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p604-5)Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.Visual Field Tests: Method of measuring and mapping the scope of vision, from central to peripheral of each eye.Ophthalmology: A surgical specialty concerned with the structure and function of the eye and the medical and surgical treatment of its defects and diseases.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein: A transmembrane protein present in the MYELIN SHEATH of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is one of the main autoantigens implicated in the pathogenesis of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.Myelin Proteins: MYELIN-specific proteins that play a structural or regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of the lamellar MYELIN SHEATH structure.Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of the interior of the eye with an ophthalmoscope.Myelitis: Inflammation of the spinal cord. Relatively common etiologies include infections; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; SPINAL CORD; and ischemia (see also SPINAL CORD VASCULAR DISEASES). Clinical features generally include weakness, sensory loss, localized pain, incontinence, and other signs of autonomic dysfunction.Color Perception: Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.Visual Pathways: Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.Retinal Neurons: Nerve cells of the RETINA in the pathway of transmitting light signals to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They include the outer layer of PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS, the intermediate layer of RETINAL BIPOLAR CELLS and AMACRINE CELLS, and the internal layer of RETINAL GANGLION CELLS.Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian: In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)Stilbamidines: STILBENES with AMIDINES attached.Color Vision: Function of the human eye that is used in bright illumination or in daylight (at photopic intensities). Photopic vision is performed by the three types of RETINAL CONE PHOTORECEPTORS with varied peak absorption wavelengths in the color spectrum (from violet to red, 400 - 700 nm).Vision Tests: A series of tests used to assess various functions of the eyes.Axons: Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.Optic Flow: The continuous visual field seen by a subject through space and time.Neurology: A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.Myelin Sheath: The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.
mtDNA haplogroup J: a contributing factor of optic neuritis. (1/359)
Optic neuritis frequently occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS), and shares several similarities with the optic neuritis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), which is mainly due to maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Our report shows for the first time that a mitochondrial DNA background could influence the clinical expression of MS. One European mtDNA haplogroup was found only in MS patients with optic neuritis but not in MS patients without visual symptoms. Therefore, we hypothesize that mtDNA haplogroup J might constitute a risk factor for optic neuritis occurrence when it is coincidentally associated with MS, but not be a risk factor for developing MS per se as suggested previously. (+info)Correlation between morphological and functional retinal impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. (2/359)
PURPOSE: To assess whether a correlation exists between optic nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and the retinal or visual pathway function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients previously affected by optic neuritis. METHODS: Fourteen patients with a diagnosis of definite MS were examined. All had been affected by optic neuritis (MSON) with complete recovery of visual acuity (14 eyes included in study). These were compared with 14 eyes from 14 age-matched control subjects. NFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Three different measurements in each quadrant (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) were taken and averaged. The data in all quadrants (12 values averaged) were identified as NFL Overall, whereas the data obtained in the temporal quadrant only (3 values averaged) were identified as NFL Temporal. Retinal and visual pathway function was assessed by simultaneously recording pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) using high-contrast (80%) checkerboard stimuli subtending 15 minutes and 60 minutes of the visual arc (min arc) and reversed at the rate of two reversals per second. RESULTS: In MSON eyes there was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in NFL thickness in both NFL Overall and NFL Temporal evaluations compared with the values observed in control eyes. PERG, (15-min arc checks) and VEP (15-min arc and 60-min arc checks), showed a significant (P < 0.01) delay in latency and reduction in amplitude. NFL Overall and NFL Temporal values were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) to the PERG P50 latency and P50 to N95 amplitude recorded with 15-min arc checks. No correlations (P > 0.01) between NFL values and the other electrophysiological data (PERG recorded with 60-min arc checks and VEP recorded with 15-min arc and 60-min arc checks) were found. CONCLUSIONS: There is a correlation between PERG changes and NFL thickness in MS patients previously affected by optic neuritis, but there is no correlation between VEP changes and NFL thickness. (+info)Lack of restriction of T cell receptor beta variable gene usage in cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in acute optic neuritis. (3/359)
OBJECTIVES: There have been many studies reporting restricted patterns of T cell receptor usage in established multiple sclerosis and these have led to clinical trials of immunomodulation directed at deleting clonal T cell populations. The present study aims to test the hypothesis that highly restricted T cell populations are also present in the CSF in the earliest clinical stages of acute demyelinating disease of the CNS. METHODS: T cell receptor Vbeta (TCRBV) gene expression was studied in CSF and blood in nine patients with acute optic neuritis within 7 days of onset of symptoms, six patients with an acute relapse of multiple sclerosis, and 13 control subjects. RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesised from unstimulated CSF and blood lymphocytes, and TCRBV gene segments were amplified from the cDNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 21 family specific primers. PCR products were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected via a labelled oligonucleotide probe. A semiquantitative analysis of band intensity was performed by laser densitometry. RESULTS: TCRBV mRNA was detected in the CSF of eight of nine patients with optic neuritis, six of six patients with multiple sclerosis, and five of 13 controls, and was closely correlated with the presence of oligoclonal IgG. Usage of a single TCRBV family was demonstrated in two of nine patients with optic neuritis and two of six patients with multiple sclerosis. The number of TCRBV families expressed in the other patients ranged between 5 and 15 (optic neuritis) and 4 and 17 (multiple sclerosis). CONCLUSIONS: There is a relative lack of restriction of TCRBV usage by CSF lymphocytes in the very earliest stages (<7 days) of acute optic neuritis. This may imply either that multiple sclerosis is not a monoclonal disease even at onset, or that the autoimmune response has widened before the disease becomes clinically evident. This may have important consequences for the design of immune therapies in multiple sclerosis. Further studies are required to determine whether the CSF T cell repertoire at presentation has prognostic importance. Longitudinal studies are required to follow the CSF T cell repertoire from the time of presentation and to determine whether it may have prognostic significance. (+info)Demonstration of Bartonella grahamii DNA in ocular fluids of a patient with neuroretinitis. (4/359)
We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a 55-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative female patient who presented with bilateral intraocular inflammatory disease (neuroretinitis type) and behavioral changes caused by a Bartonella grahamii infection. Diagnosis was based on the PCR analysis of DNA extracted from the intraocular fluids. DNA analysis of the PCR product revealed a 100% identity with the 16S rRNA gene sequence of B. grahamii. The patient was successfully treated with doxycycline (200 mg/day) and rifampin (600 mg/day) for 4 weeks. This is the first report that demonstrates the presence of a Bartonella species in the intraocular fluids of a nonimmunocompromised patient and that indicates that B. grahamii is pathogenic for humans. (+info)Combined fat- and water-suppressed MR imaging of orbital tumors. (5/359)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The use of a high-resolution T2-weighted MR sequence, which suppresses signal from both fat and water, has been shown to be highly effective for depicting areas of inflammatory damage within the optic nerve. The ability of this sequence to show neoplastic and inflammatory orbital lesions, which may mimic neuritis, is unknown. This study was designed to examine the characteristics of such a sequence for the investigation of orbital mass lesions. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with known or suspected mass lesions of the orbit and six healthy volunteers were recruited for study. Imaging was performed with a 1.5-T MR unit. Participants were examined by selective partial inversion recovery (SPIR) sequences with T2-weighted fast spin-echo acquisition, selective partial inversion recovery/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (SPIR/FLAIR) sequences with fast spin-echo acquisition, short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences with fast spin-echo acquisition, and SPIR sequences with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted fast spin-echo acquisition. Two neuroradiologists, using a randomised, blinded method, scored images for lesion presence and extent. Lesion extent was defined as the number of images with visible abnormality, and was compared with the standard of reference established at a later date by consensus review of all imaging sequences. The ability of the sequences to show the presence and extent of pathologic lesions was compared. RESULTS: The SPIR/FLAIR sequence showed both the presence and extent of orbital masses significantly better than did either STIR or T2-weighted SPIR sequences (P<.01 and P<.001, respectively). Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted SPIR images ranked better than SPIR/FLAIR images, although the difference failed to reach statistical significance. In the orbital apex, the SPIR/FLAIR technique was superior to all other techniques used. This reflected its ability to distinguish enhancing, pathologic lesions from enhancing, normal anatomy. CONCLUSION: SPIR/FLAIR is an appropriate screening technique for orbital masses and offers significant advantages over currently used fat-suppressed sequences for the investigation of orbital disease. (+info)Multiple sclerosis: the disease and its manifestations. (6/359)
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system clinically characterized by relapses and remissions of neurological disturbance. A typical relapse, exemplified by optic neuritis, increases in severity over a week or two and after approximately one month begins to remit. Resolution takes place over the course of two to three months. In the early stages, clinical recovery is virtually complete, though persistent abnormalities of conduction can usually be detected by evoked potential techniques and persistent structural abnormalities can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These techniques, together with cerebrospinal fluid examination for oligoclonal IgG, provide supporting evidence for the diagnosis which, in the absence of a specific test, nevertheless remains primarily clinical. The course of the disease is very variable, but after a number of years neurological deficit begins to accumulate after each relapse. In most patients, the relapsing and remitting phase of the disease is followed by a phase of continuous progression of disability. Cognitive disturbances can be detected in many patients even quite early in the course of the illness. Deficits in attention, memory and executive skills may be prominent and tend to become increasingly prominent as neurological deficit increases, although this is not always the case. There is some correlation between the extent of MRI abnormalities in the cerebral white matter and the severity of cognitive deficit. Depression and anxiety are commonly experienced but are poorly correlated to the lesion load seen on MRI. In contrast, the much rarer psychotic symptoms, euphoria and emotional lability are closely linked to the severity of white matter disease. (+info)Response variability in the visual field: comparison of optic neuritis, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and normal eyes. (7/359)
PURPOSE: To compare the relationship between sensitivity and response variability in the visual field of normal eyes and eyes with optic neuritis (ON), glaucoma (POAG), and ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS: Frequency-of-seeing (FOS) data were collected from four visual field locations in one eye of 71 subjects (12 ON, 25 POAG, 11 OHT, and 23 normal), using a constant stimulus method on an Henson 4000 perimeter (Tinsley Instruments, Croydon, UK). At each location, at least 20 stimuli (subtending 0.5 degrees) were presented for 200 ms at six or more intensities above and below the estimated threshold. The mean and SD of the probit fitted cumulative Normal function were used to estimate sensitivity and response variability. Cluster regression analysis was carried out to determine whether there were differences in the sensitivity-log (variability) relationship between the four groups. RESULTS: Variability was found to increase with decreased sensitivity for all four groups. The combined data from the four groups was well represented (R2 = 0.57) by the function log(e)(SD) = A.sensitivity (dB) + B, where the constants A and B were -0.081 (SE, +/-0.005) and 3.27 (SE, +/-0.15), respectively. Including other statistically significant covariates (false-negative errors, P = 0.004) and factors (diagnosis, P = 0.005) into the model increased the proportion of explained variance to 62% (R2 = 0.62). Stimulus eccentricity (P = 0.34), patient age (P = 0.33), fixation loss rate (P = 0.10), and false-positive rate (P = 0.66) did not reach statistical significance as additional predictors of response variability. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between response variability and sensitivity is similar for ON, POAG, OHT, and normal eyes. These results provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis that response variability is dependent on functional ganglion cell density. (+info)Recovery from optic neuritis is associated with a change in the distribution of cerebral response to visual stimulation: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. (8/359)
OBJECTIVES: Recovery to normal or near normal visual acuity is usual after acute demyelinating optic neuritis, despite the frequent persistence of conduction abnormalities as evidenced by the visual evoked potential (VEP). This raises the possibility that cortical adaptation to a persistently abnormal input contributes to the recovery process. The objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of cerebral response to a simple visual stimulus in recovered patients in comparison to normal subjects. METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study the brain activation pattern induced by a periodic monocular 8Hz photic stimulus in seven patients who had recovered from a single episode of acute unilateral optic neuritis, and in seven normal controls. VEPs and structural optic nerve MRI were performed on patients. RESULTS: Stimulation of either eye in controls activated only the occipital visual cortex. However, in patients, stimulation of the recovered eye also induced extensive activation in other areas including the insula-claustrum, lateral temporal and posterior parietal cortices, and thalamus; stimulation of the clinically unaffected eye activated visual cortex and right insula-claustrum only. The volume of extraoccipital activation in patients was strongly correlated with VEP latency (r = 0.71, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The extraoccipital areas that were activated in patients all have extensive visual connections, and some have been proposed as sites of multimodal sensory integration. The results indicate a functional reorganisation of the cerebral response to simple visual stimuli after optic neuritis that may represent an adaptive response to a persistently abnormal input. Whether this is a necessary part of the recovery process remains to be determined. (+info)Episode of optic neuritisInflammationVisual acuitySymptomsCause of optic neuritis is unknownPatients with acute optic neuritisClinicalNeuropathyCase of optic neuritisPeople with optic neuritisPresentation of optic neuritisAutoimmuneRecurrentDevelop optic neuritisNeurologyRetinaDEMYELINATIONDifferential diagnosisNervesOccursInfectionRetrobulbar optic nervePrognosisTreatmentInflammationBilateralOptical coherenceDiagnosis of acute optic neuritisAtypicalCases of optic neuritisManagement of optic neuritisDevelopment of optic neuritisNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderFeatures of Optic NeuritisPrognosisRisk of multiple sclerosisPatients2019AtrophyPediatricNeuroretinitisDifferentialRetrobulbar neuritisAttacks of optic neuritisTreatment for optic neuritisRecovery from optic neuritisChildren with optic neuritisAssociation with optic neuritisOverdiagnosis of optic neuritisTransverse myelitisSteroidsLearn more about Optic NeuritisRetinal nerve fiberAcute disseminated enceAntibodiesAdult optic neuritisCause optic neuritisCauses optic neuritisExtensive optic neuritis
- Mostly, people who experience a single episode of optic neuritis finally recover their vision. (epharmapedia.com)
- A long-term study of people suffering from optic neuritis shows that the risk of growing multiple sclerosis following one episode of optic neuritis is 50 % after 15 years. (epharmapedia.com)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve [See figure (aapos.org)
- This inflammation can cause loss of vision because the optic nerve is crucial for vision. (aapos.org)
- The attack of the immune system causes inflammation, swelling and impaired function of the optic nerve. (aapos.org)
- Optic neuritis involves inflammation of the optic nerve. (restonhospital.com)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, the nerve that carries the visual signal from the eye to the brain. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve, the bundle of nerve fibers in the eye transmitting visual information to the brain. (epharmapedia.com)
- When the immune system attacks myelin covering the optic nerve causing inflammation and damage, optic neuritis develops young adults. (epharmapedia.com)
- Inflammation takes place in this case in the optic nerve and spinal cord. (epharmapedia.com)
- Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the eye's optic nerve. (southbayophthalmology.com)
- Also known as demyelinating optic neuritis, optic neuritis refers to the inflammation of the optic nerve due to the loss of or damage to a protective covering called myelin, which surrounds the optic nerve. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- The first symptom of optic neuritis in a child is most commonly a rapid, often profound decrease in vision (visual acuity less than 20/400). (aapos.org)
- Methods: This is a four years clinical trial that included patients presenting with first attack of optic neuritis older than 16 years with visual acuity of less than 6/60 and presentation within first week of illness. (ajol.info)
- The most commonly recognized toxic effect of these drugs is optic neuropathy, usually manifesting as a decrease in visual acuity, deficits in color vision and ceco central scotomas. (alliedacademies.org)
- If left untreated, optic neuritis can lead to permanent optic nerve damage and permanent loss of visual acuity. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- Patients with signs and symptoms consistent with acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis should undergo evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain and orbits to determine whether or not they are at high risk for the development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). (springer.com)
- What are the symptoms of optic neuritis? (aapos.org)
- The signs and symptoms of optic neuritis may indicate to an autoimmune disorder named multiple sclerosis. (epharmapedia.com)
- A Doctor should be consulted when someone who has optic neuritis starts experiencing new eye pain, worsening vision or symptoms that don't improve with treatment. (epharmapedia.com)
- If optic neuritis goes undiagnosed and untreated, the symptoms may continue to get worse. (southbayophthalmology.com)
- Several vision symptoms accompany optic neuritis including blurred vision, blind spots, pain with eye movement, and reduced color vision. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- For the study, the researchers randomly selected 86 people with acute optic neuritis within two weeks of having symptoms to receive either the epilepsy drug phenytoin or a placebo for three months. (healthcanal.com)
- While the cause of optic neuritis is unknown, it has been associated with autoimmune diseases, infections, multiple sclerosis, drug toxicity and deficiency of vitamin B-12. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
- Interferon beta 1-a, which has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the 3-year probability of the development of CDMS and the development of clinically silent MRI lesions in high-risk patients with acute optic neuritis, should be considered following IV methylprednisolone treatment (30 mg intramuscularly [IM] weekly). (springer.com)
- The clinical syndrome of acute optic neuritis(ON) has been known for many yearsthough its causes are still uncertain. (koreamed.org)
- Clinical approach to optic neuritis: pitfalls, red flags and differential diagnosis. (wikem.org)
- 10) In 1943, Spillane was probably the first to recognize acute brachial plexus neuritis as a distinct clinical entity. (bdword.com)
- The other doctor said that in her opinion it is not Leber's neuropathy but something else related to the optic nerve or brain. (msworld.org)
- A more general term, optic neuropathy, refers to nerve damage or abnormalities due to blocked blood flow, disease, or toxic exposure. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- Optic neuritis is a type of optic neuropathy. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- I've had a case of optic neuritis mid June and I have an unspecific character punctiform lesion suprateritorially? (questiondoctors.com)
- I've had a case of optic neuritis mid June and last week i've had an MRI. (questiondoctors.com)
- Mostly, people with optic neuritis experience eye pain that gets worse with eye movement. (epharmapedia.com)
- An unusual presentation of optic neuritis and the Pulfrich phenomenon. (wikem.org)
- Optic neuritis is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own optic nerve tissue. (aapos.org)
- An autoimmune disorder caused by a viral infection may result in optic neuritis. (epharmapedia.com)
- Neuromyelitis optica is another autoimmune case that might result in optic neuritis. (epharmapedia.com)
- In all cases of typical acute monosymptomatic demyelinating optic neuritis, oral prednisone alone at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day, without prior treatment with IV methylprednisolone (1 g per day for 3 days), may increase the risk for recurrent optic neuritis, and should be avoided. (springer.com)
- Both adults and children have an increased risk of multiple sclerosis if they develop optic neuritis, but children have much less risk. (aapos.org)
- About half of people with MS experience at some point in their life a condition called acute optic neuritis, in which the nerve carrying vision from the eye to the brain gets inflamed," said study author Raj Kapoor, MD, with the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, England. (healthcanal.com)
- As soon as the light hits the retina, electrical impulses are generated and carried along the optic nerve to the person's brain, where the impulses are converted into visual information. (epharmapedia.com)
- We characterized the network response to white matter injury in the anterior visual pathway using an experimental model of optic neuritis ( ON ), as ON is often an early manifestation of immune-mediated CNS demyelination in multiple sclerosis ( MS ). Optical intrinsic signal imaging was performed before and after the induction of ON in mice to measure changes in cortical network functional connectivity. (wustl.edu)
- Bianchi Marzoli S, Martinelli V. Optic neuritis: differential diagnosis. (restonhospital.com)
- Neuritis is a phrase which is used to explain the irritation of nerves then be it a nerve that is single numerous nerves. (superdoctor.us)
- In most cases, however, optic neuritis occurs with no known cause. (southbayophthalmology.com)
- Although the exact cause of optic neuritis is not yet understood, optic neuritis occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin, which protects your optic nerve. (overlakeeyecare.com)
- The trigger for this immune reaction may be a viral illness, infection around the optic nerve, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological problems. (aapos.org)
- I would recomend googleing 'systemic yeast, optic neuritis' or 'optic neuritis, yeast infection' or something of the sort. (steadyhealth.com)
- Damage or infection of the optic nerve can affect vision significantly. (southbayophthalmology.com)
- The left retrobulbar optic nerve demonstrated high T2 signal and enhancement. (radiopaedia.org)
- This Practice Parameter presents a review and classification of literature regarding the use of corticosteroids for the treatment of acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis. (springer.com)
- To investigate whether simvastatin treatment (80 mg daily for 6 months) in patients with optic neuritis (ON) had a beneficial effect on visual outcome and on brain MRI. (nih.gov)
- Optic neuritis associated with adalimumab in the treatment of uveitis. (restonhospital.com)
- 6. The response to treatment in optic neuritis showed no definite difference between steroid group and conservative group. (koreamed.org)
- In this article, a case involving haemodialysis upon chronic renal failure diagnosis and development of bilateral toxic optic neuritis associated with ethambutol and isoniazid following standard IRPE treatment (ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide) for bone tuberculosis has been presented. (alliedacademies.org)
- Although some people recover normal vision without any treatment, it is imperative that you consult your ophthalmologist to determine the cause of optic neuritis so that you can receive appropriate treatment and avoid permanent damage to your eyes. (southbayophthalmology.com)
- 1) Differentiating acute brachial plexus neuritis from other diagnoses is important so that surgical treatment is not performed for small osteophytes that may be present on MRI, but are not causing the patient's neurologic deficits. (bdword.com)
- Homeopathic treatment For Sciatica, Neuralgia, Neuritis a mix remedy is simply exactly what it states it's - a mix of a number of the mineral that is single salts, that have been selected with their suitability in dealing with particular circumstances and combined collectively with their convenience. (superdoctor.us)
- Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve, a bundle of nerve fibers that relays visual information from the eye to the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Optic neuritis is a condition closely linked to multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an illness that causes inflammation and damage to nerves in the brain and spinal cord. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Like optical neuritis, inflammation occurs in the optic nerve and spinal cord, but it does not cause damage to the nerves in the brain as MS does. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Most people recover their sight without treatment over several weeks, once the inflammation in the optic nerve dies down. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Optic neuritis is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Inflammation of the optic nerve causes loss of vision, usually because of the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve. (drugs.com)
- Possible mechanisms of inflammation in immune-mediated optic neuritis are the cross-reaction of viral epitopes and host epitopes and the persistence of a virus in central nervous system (CNS) glial cells. (medscape.com)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve [See figure (aapos.org)
- This inflammation can cause loss of vision because the optic nerve is crucial for vision. (aapos.org)
- The attack of the immune system causes inflammation, swelling and impaired function of the optic nerve. (aapos.org)
- This artifact should not occur in optic neuritis, because the lesion of optic neuritis is confined to the nerve, but it can potentially mislead the interpreter to conclude that more diffuse orbital inflammation is the cause of vision loss. (medscape.com)
- The diagnosis of optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) is usually made clinically, with direct imaging of the optic nerves by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being reserved for atypical cases. (medscape.com)
- Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision. (patientslikeme.com)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve leading to sudden loss of vision that takes place over the course of several hours or days. (cochrane.org)
- Optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS), and refers to inflammation of the optic nerve. (clevelandclinic.org)
- This article reports that the optic neuritis (ON) is a very broadly used term and is defined as acute inflammation of the optic nerve. (ebscohost.com)
- Optic neuritis (ON) involves an attack of inflammation (swelling) in your optic nerve, which sends information from your eye to your brain about what you are seeing. (childrenshospital.org)
- The studies' results suggest that DTI might be used in the future to stratify risk for incomplete recovery from optic neuritis, identify patients who may benefit from early therapeutic intervention with medications to treat multiple sclerosis and investigate whether transsynaptic neuronal degeneration is a mechanism for cerebral injury in multiple sclerosis, in addition to direct nerve damage due to inflammation. (aao.org)
- The authors of o ne of the papers, which was published online in the journal, Human Brain Mapping, used DTI to assess optic radiations in 15 patients with previous optic nerve inflammation and nine healthy volunteers. (aao.org)
- An inflammation of the optic nerve is referred to as optic neuritis. (diethealthclub.com)
- The swelling or damage to this protective cover often leads to inflammation of the optic nerve, thus resulting in impaired vision. (diethealthclub.com)
- A disorder characterized by inflammation of the optic nerve. (icd9data.com)
- Inflammation of the optic nerve. (icd9data.com)
- Optic neuritis: the inflammation, degeneration, or demyelination of the optic nerve. (icd9data.com)
- Optic nerve lesions have been reported in some forms of EAE, but have always been associated with the presence of inflammation and demyelination of the brain and spinal cord ( 17 - 21 ). (rupress.org)
- Optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of MS with correlates of inflammation and neurodegeneration measurable within the visual pathways. (bmj.com)
- Optic neuritis, inflammation of the optic nerve, is experienced by most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and is typically characterized by episodes of acute, monocular vision loss. (molvis.org)
- These episodes of inflammation can lead to damage or degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the axons of which comprise the optic nerve. (molvis.org)
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established model of MS in which mice are immunized to produce a neuroautoimmunity that recapitulates the cardinal hallmarks of human disease, namely, inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. (molvis.org)
- In both genders, EAE elicited more severe visual acuity deficits, inflammation of the optic nerve, and RGC degeneration in KO mice compared with their strain- and age-matched WT counterparts. (molvis.org)
- This is the first study to report that genetic ablation of Nrf2 exacerbates visual deficits, inflammation of the optic nerve, and RGC degeneration in a murine model of MS, suggesting that Nrf2 plays a neuro- and cytoprotective role in EAE-associated optic neuritis. (molvis.org)
- Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, the nerve that carries the visual signal from the eye to the brain. (nih.gov)
- The optic nerve should be examined with ophthalmoscopy for inflammation and swelling. (nih.gov)
- Optic neuritis is an inflammatory disease of the optic nerve that occurs in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease that causes demyelination and inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). (arvojournals.org)
- Mice infected with MHV-A59, a demyelinating strain of MHV, developed inflammation characteristic of optic neuritis in more than 50% of the optic nerves examined. (arvojournals.org)
- In contrast, mice infected with MHV-2, a non demyelinating strain of MHV, had little or no optic nerve inflammation. (arvojournals.org)
- Many times development of optic neuritis precedes development of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is inflammation of the myelin sheath of the brain. (blogspot.com)
- Unlike neuritis, there is no inflammation or degeneration of nerve tissue. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Optic neuritis is swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve that can cause eye pain, visual impairment, dull colors, and/or flashing lights. (naturaleyecare.com)
- However, inflammation of the optic nerve can be the first sign of multiple sclerosis, a serious degenerative disease. (naturaleyecare.com)
- Optic neuritis occurs when swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve - a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Signs and symptoms of optic neuritis can be the first indication of multiple sclerosis (MS), or they can occur later in the course of MS . MS is a disease that causes inflammation and damage to nerves in your brain as well as the optic nerve. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Besides MS , optic nerve inflammation can occur with other conditions, including infections or immune diseases, such as lupus. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Rarely, another disease called neuromyelitis optica causes inflammation of the optic nerve and spinal cord. (middlesexhealth.org)
- It's believed to develop when the immune system mistakenly targets the substance covering your optic nerve, resulting in inflammation and damage to the myelin. (middlesexhealth.org)
- In this condition, inflammation affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. (middlesexhealth.org)
- Optic Neuritis (ON), the inflammation and demyelinization of the optic nerve, typically presents with unilateral periorbital pain exacerbated by movement, decreased visual acuity, and reduced light and color sensitivity. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- An acute inflammation of an optic nerve associated with a drop in visual acuity and colour perception, pain on movement of the eye, a dull periorbital ache and a poor pupil response to direct light. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We are facing a disease, more common among women aged between 15 and 45 years, caused by inflammation of the optic nerve and loss manifests itself in just a few days, of the vision of one eye, but also can be affected both. (vitamin-resource.com)
- Optic neuritis is caused by nerve inflammation that causes abrupt loss of vision in one eye. (vitamin-resource.com)
- Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. (gncdubai.com)
- Other remarkable differences between the presentation of adult optic neuritis as compared to pediatric cases include more often unilateral optic neuritis in adults, while children much predominantly present with bilateral involvement. (wikipedia.org)
- Children younger than 10 years usually present with bilateral optic neuritis, while older children usually present with unilateral optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
- The image below depicts optic disc swelling in a child with bilateral optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
- Optic disc swelling in the right eye and left eye in a child with bilateral optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
- Patients with optic neuritis may experience sudden unilateral or bilateral visual loss that progressively worsens. (sgh.com.sg)
- We report an unusual case in which neurologic signs occurred in a previously healthy child after both doses of H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine, culminating in bilateral optic neuritis and disseminated encephalomyelitis. (blogspot.com)
- Note bilateral optic atrophy and macular exudate in OD. (scielo.br)
- Optic neuritis (ON) can be recurrent, with unilateral or bilateral presentation. (dovepress.com)
- The retinal findings raised concerns about abusive head trauma, but subsequent investigations confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral optic neuritis associated with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. (auckland.ac.nz)
- In this article, a case involving haemodialysis upon chronic renal failure diagnosis and development of bilateral toxic optic neuritis associated with ethambutol and isoniazid following standard IRPE treatment (ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide) for bone tuberculosis has been presented. (alliedacademies.org)
- Imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of optic neuritis include orbital MRI and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These tools can be particularly helpful if the clinical history or physical examination findings are atypical for ON. (clevelandclinic.org)
- They had MR quantification of optic nerve cross-sectional area and optic nerve lesion length, as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement of mean RNFL thickness and macular volume, quantitative visual testing, and visual evoked potentials (VEPs). (nih.gov)
- To determine the potential of directional diffusivities from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to predict clinical outcome of optic neuritis (ON), and correlate with vision, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual evoked potentials (VEP). (neurology.org)
- Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been suggested to be an indicator of axonal loss in the optic nerve. (arvojournals.org)
- Objective To explore sensitivity of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting prior unilateral optic neuritis. (neurology.org)
- The optical coherence tomography (OCT) characteristics between NMOSD- ON and idiopathic optic neuritis (IDON) were seldom studied in Asians. (octnews.org)
- The signal intensity ratio of the optic nerve to ipsilateral frontal white matter is of value in the diagnosis of acute optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
- Stunkel and colleagues found that the majority of patients referred to neuro-ophthalmology with a diagnosis of acute optic neuritis were overdiagnosed, regardless of the referring specialty. (healio.com)
- However, for optic neuritis that is not MS-associated (or atypical optic neuritis) the evidence is less clear and therefore the threshold for treatment with intravenous corticosteroids is lower. (wikipedia.org)
- What should alert clinicians to the possibility that they are dealing with atypical optic neuritis? (lww.com)
- As the ONTT reported and many of the atypical optic neuritis cases demonstrated, no light perception vision suggests non-MS-related optic neuritis ( 4-7 ). (lww.com)
- The disorder is sometimes mistaken for atypical optic neuritis. (scielo.br)
- In this paper, we describe a case of RINR and discuss how to distinguish RINR from atypical optic neuritis. (scielo.br)
- LHON may occur in association with MS, and should be considered in patients with MS with vision loss atypical for optic neuritis. (bmj.com)
- Because there are crucial differences in treatment and prognosis between multiple sclerosis, AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and MOG-IgG-associated disorder, ophthalmologists should be aware of these new biomarkers of optic neuritis and incorporate their testing in all patients with atypical optic neuritis. (elsevier.com)
- In children, most cases of optic neuritis are due to an immune-mediated process. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] These cases of optic neuritis may be associated with a viral or other infection or with immunization. (medscape.com)
- Old cases of optic neuritis? (medhelp.org)
- A Vaccine Safety Datalink study found no cases of optic neuritis in over 200,000 pregnant women within 42 days after receiving trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine . (vaccinesafety.edu)
- Optic neuritis , which is one of the causes of acute loss of vision associated with pain, can be the initial episode for a patient who will subsequently develop multiple sclerosis ( MS ). MRI of the brain provides information that can change the management of optic neuritis and yields prognostic information regarding the patient's future risk for the development of multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)
- In these EAE models, development of optic neuritis required active immunization and it is unclear whether optic neuritis preceded or followed the development of EAE. (rupress.org)
- These findings suggest the possibility of a C. pneumoniae infection as a contributing factor or even causative event for the development of optic neuritis. (thisisms.com)
- Patients with optic neuritis due to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder lack the aquaporin-4 antibody. (medscape.com)
- Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) can now be distinguished from other types of ON as a specific disease by the Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) test. (octnews.org)
- What is optic neuritis, and what are the typical clinical features of optic neuritis? (clevelandclinic.org)
- Patients with optic neuritis have a good prognosis, but a minority of patients experience persistent visual loss. (medscape.com)
- What is the prognosis and treatment for optic neuritis? (aapos.org)
- Some studies have shown that certain findings, such as optic nerve lesions of greater length and in certain locations (within the optic canal), may be associated with a worse visual prognosis and may benefit from certain treatments, but other studies have not supported this conclusion. (medscape.com)
- Pediatric optic neuritis has a different clinical presentation and prognosis and will not be discussed here. (lww.com)
- Although patients presenting with demyelinating optic neuritis have favorable long-term visual prognosis, optic neuritis is the initial clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis in. (ebscohost.com)
- Neuroretinitis is a self-limiting inflammatory optic neuropathy characterized by edema of the optic nerve associated with macular exudate in a star-shaped pattern, absence of recurrence and good visual prognosis. (scielo.br)
- Pediatric optic neuritis: brain MRI abnormalities and risk of multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)
- The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial, a landmark study completed in 1991, stratified the risk of multiple sclerosis in patients with optic neuritis. (elsevier.com)
- Interferon beta 1-a, which has been demonstrated to significantly reduce the 3-year probability of the development of CDMS and the development of clinically silent MRI lesions in high-risk patients with acute optic neuritis, should be considered following IV methylprednisolone treatment (30 mg intramuscularly [IM] weekly). (springer.com)
- Many patients with optic neuritis may lose some of their color vision in the affected eye (especially red), with colors appearing subtly washed out compared to the other eye. (wikipedia.org)
- however, frequently there is no abnormal appearance of the nerve head in optic neuritis (in cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis), though it may be swollen in some patients (anterior papillitis or more extensive optic neuritis). (wikipedia.org)
- Exploring the association between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and initial magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with acute optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
- The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of the optic nerve to the white matter (WM) on STIR was found to be of diagnostic value for acute optic neuritis (AON) in a study of 405 patients with suspected orbital diseases who underwent orbital MRI with a 3-T scanner. (medscape.com)
- 0.001) higher in patients with acute optic neuritis than in control patients. (medscape.com)
- In 25 patients with optic neuritis, multi-scale MRI texture analysis was used to assess optic nerve pathology. (medscape.com)
- Data from patients with optic neuritis, who reported starting treatments within the last 5 years. (patientslikeme.com)
- Optic neuritis is associated with pain in approximately 90% of patients, with pain preceding the visual loss in approximately 40% of cases. (lww.com)
- This was a retrospective study of a consecutive cohort of patients after their first AQP4 or MOG antibody-related attack of optic neuritis. (medworm.com)
- The authors suggest that antibody-mediated optic neuritis should potentially be viewed with the same sense of urgency as heart attack or stroke and reminds the reader that for these patients 'time is tissue. (medworm.com)
- Funduscopic examination can appear normal acutely, but disc edema can be present in approximately one-third of patients (particularly those with anterior optic neuritis).1, 2 Optic disc pallor is generally seen weeks to months following onset of typical optic neuritis. (clevelandclinic.org)
- To be eligible, patients must have a history of one or more episodes of previous demyelinating optic neuritis occurring in the setting of classic, adult-onset definite MS (clinically definite or laboratory-supported definite MS, or cranial MRI changes consistent with MS). In most cases, onset of MS will have occurred between the ages of 18 and 45. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Patients must have impairment in the affected eye(s) on perimetry consistent with optic nerve dysfunction and must have a visual field mean deviation of less than -4.00. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Nearly 60% of patients referred for optic neuritis might have been misdiagnosed, consequently receiving unnecessary treatment, according to a study. (healio.com)
- In a Midwestern university clinic in the U.S., the medical records of patients referred for optic neuritis between 2014 and 2016 were systematically reviewed to assess the incidence of diagnostic error and to identify the main factors leading to incorrect diagnosis. (healio.com)
- Out of 122 patients, only 49 were confirmed to have optic neuritis , and 73 had a different diagnosis, including migraine, headache with eye pain and other optic neuropathies. (healio.com)
- Of the 73 patients for whom the diagnosis of optic neuritis was not confirmed, 12 (16%) had received a lumbar puncture, and 8 (11%) had been treated with intravenous steroids. (healio.com)
- To investigate whether simvastatin treatment (80 mg daily for 6 months) in patients with optic neuritis (ON) had a beneficial effect on visual outcome and on brain MRI. (nih.gov)
- Two recently published studies examine the role that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may play in the management of patients with optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis. (aao.org)
- Their results demonstrate that increased deviation and reduced magnitude of the principal directions of diffusion measured by DTI of the optic radiations of patients with prior optic neuritis episodes correlated with loss of amplitude in multifocal visual evoked potentials. (aao.org)
- In this study, 86 patients who experienced an episode of acute optic neuritis within 2 weeks were randomized to receive oral phenytoin or placebo for 3 months. (aao.org)
- Many patients affected by this condition are known to experience optic neuritis eye pain even before their vision is affected. (diethealthclub.com)
- On medical scrutiny, the optic nerve may appear swollen in some patients whereas no abnormalities may be noticed in others. (diethealthclub.com)
- Because of the absence of pediatric-specific studies, data extrapolated from the adult-based optic neuritis treatment trial are used to guide management of pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
- A retrospective analysis of 26 consecutive patients (age 4.5-19 years) treated for optic neuritis within the past 10 years was conducted. (nih.gov)
- Why: optic neuritis may be present in patients with sarcoidosis or reiter's syndrome (rarely). (icd9data.com)
- How: clinically, patients with optic neuritis present with sudden loss of central vision and pain on moving the eye. (icd9data.com)
- Twenty-five patients were studied at least 1 year after a single unilateral attack of optic neuritis without recurrence, with a selection bias towards incomplete recovery. (nih.gov)
- Significant optic nerve atrophy (mean decrease 30% versus controls), RNFL thinning (mean decrease 33% versus controls), and macular volume loss occurred in patients' affected eyes when compared with patients' unaffected eyes and healthy controls. (nih.gov)
- The first clinical presentation in a significant proportion of MS patients is optic neuritis, which is then followed by the development of relapsing-remitting MS ( 2 , 3 ). (rupress.org)
- In particular, whether optic neuritis is a different disease entity that predisposes patients to develop subsequent involvement of CNS myelin, or whether it is part of a continuum of disease process that initially involves myelin in the optic nerve and is then followed by involvement of brain and spinal cord white matter, is not well understood. (rupress.org)
- 6. Korematsu S, Miyahara H, Kakita A, Izumi T. Elevated serum anti-phosphatidylcholine IgG antibodies in patients with influenza vaccination-associated optic neuritis. (vaccinesafety.edu)
- The disparity between clinical visual function and pattern visual evoked response (VER) was studied in 53 patients who had suffered an attack of optic neuritis (ON) more than six months before. (eurekamag.com)
- Flashing lights are reported by patients with optic neuritis. (naturaleyecare.com)
- 59 patients (10 males, 49 females) were scanned within 1 month of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis attacks and were included in the analysis. (ajnr.org)
- Brain MRIs of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with contrast enhancement during an acute relapse of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis are associated with increased annual relapse rates. (ajnr.org)
- Methods This is a retrospective, observational clinical study of all patients who presented from January 1, 2014, to January 6, 2017, with unilateral optic neuritis and OCT available at least 3 months after the attack. (neurology.org)
- We excluded patients with concomitant glaucoma or other optic neuropathies. (neurology.org)
- Classification of evidence This study provides Class III evidence that OCT accurately identifies patients with prior unilateral optic neuritis. (neurology.org)
- Background/aims To investigate the clinical features of Chinese patients with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) optic neuritis (ON) and patients with seropositive aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-Ab) ON. (bmj.com)
- To compare conventional visual evoked potential (cVEP) and multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) methods in patients with optic neuritis/multiple sclerosis (ON/MS). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 6 , 7 ] recorded mfVEPs from patients with ON/MS and argued that the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) should be superior to the cVEP in detecting local damage to the optic nerve and retina. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The patients who had acute demyelinating optic neuritis were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days followed by 11 days of oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day for 11 days as per the Optic Neuritis Treatment Protocol. (thefreedictionary.com)
- To report our experience in management of patients with optic neuritis. (ajol.info)
- MRI and pattern reversal VEP are recommended to be done in all patients presenting with optic neuritis. (ajol.info)
- The baseline characteristics of 448 eligible patients entered into the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial are described in an effort to summarize the clinical profile of acute optic neuritis. (semanticscholar.org)
- Methods This prospective case-control study involved 152 eyes from 143 optic neuritis (ON) patients. (octnews.org)
- It is highly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). 15-20% of MS patients are suffering from optic neuritis. (gncdubai.com)
- 50% of patients suffering from optic neuritis will develop Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the next 15 years. (gncdubai.com)
- The growth outlook of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Market has been examined on the basis of regions, end-use, and product, with 2019 as the base year and 2019-2029 as the stipulated timeframe. (comunicati.net)
- In October of 2008, Angela, a Customer Service Representative from Austin, Texas, was diagnosed with Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) and Optic Nerve Atrophy. (prweb.com)
- Optic nerve atrophy and retinal nerve fibre layer thinning following optic neuritis: evidence that axonal loss is a substrate of MRI-detected atrophy. (nih.gov)
- Optic neuritis is a common manifestation of MS and results in optic nerve atrophy. (nih.gov)
- We hypothesise that if the optic nerve atrophy that develops following optic neuritis is contributed to by axonal loss, it will correlate with thinning of the RNFL. (nih.gov)
- These findings suggest that axonal loss contributes to optic nerve atrophy following a single attack of optic neuritis. (nih.gov)
- Acute optic neuritis (ON) is often followed by recovery of visual function, 1 even if accompanied by significant optic nerve atrophy. (arvojournals.org)
- Optic neuritis can be one of the causes of optic nerve atrophy . (naturaleyecare.com)
- Examination showed right optic atrophy and apparent left optic disc swelling. (bmj.com)
- Less commonly, pediatric optic neuritis may be the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) or part of a more diffuse demyelinating disorder, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease). (medscape.com)
- The incidence of pediatric optic neuritis in Canadian children is estimated to be 0.2 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.16-0.3). (medscape.com)
- [ 3 ] Optic neuritis is much less common in children than in adults but is not rare and accounts for approximately a quarter of pediatric acute demyelinating syndromes. (medscape.com)
- Pediatric optic neuritis: does a prolonged course of steroids reduce relapses? (nih.gov)
- Optic neuritis is an important pediatric disorder causing visual impairment. (nih.gov)
- Inflammatory optic neuropathies and neuroretinitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Neuroretinitis - Inflammatory process involving the optic discs with exudative changes in the nerve fiber layer of the retina producing a partial or complete macular star. (medscape.com)
- In optic neuritis, the optic nerve head is raised, with blurred margins, variable areas of hemorrhages, and often with adjacent retinitis (neuroretinitis). (merckvetmanual.com)
- Optic neuritis and risk of MS: differential diagnosis and management. (medscape.com)
- This unusual case demonstrates that ocular sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of optic neuritis. (aaopt.org)
- Bianchi Marzoli S, Martinelli V. Optic neuritis: differential diagnosis. (restonhospital.com)
- There is too little information on the early histologic changes of acute demyelinating optic neuritis as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica for definitive guidance in the differential diagnosis of ION. (thefreedictionary.com)
- It is also known as optic papillitis (when the head of the optic nerve is involved) and retrobulbar neuritis (when the posterior part of the nerve is involved). (wikipedia.org)
- There are actually two homeopathic remedies that are specific for loss of vision from retrobulbar neuritis. (organic-pet-digest.com)
- The patient presented with three attacks of optic neuritis within 5 months. (thisisms.com)
- Characteristic NMOSD features can include severe attacks of optic neuritis, myelitis which is frequently longitudinally-extensive (spanning at least three vertebral segments on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and an association with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies. (ovid.com)
- They have a somewhat different treatment for optic neuritis than a general flare-up. (dailystrength.org)
- Steroids have been found to speed up recovery from optic neuritis, but they do not affect how well the eyes recover. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Many children with optic neuritis have a history of a fever, flu-like illness, or immunizations 1-2 weeks prior to the onset of the decreased vision. (aapos.org)
- Fortunately, most children with optic neuritis recover much of their vision. (aapos.org)
- Children with optic neuritis usually have a history of recent illness or immunization and adults do not. (aapos.org)
- To identify prognostic factors associated with poor visual recovery and chronic relapsing diseases, for example, multiple sclerosis (MS), in children with optic neuritis (ON) at onset. (ovid.com)
- A prospective cohort study of 189,629 females receiving quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil) in California did not find a statistically significant association with optic neuritis . (vaccinesafety.edu)
- Incidence and Causes of Overdiagnosis of Optic Neuritis. (semanticscholar.org)
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are inflammatory demyelinating disorders with optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis episodes. (ajnr.org)
- We aimed to delineate the extent and frequency of contrast enhancement on brain MR imaging within 1 month of optic neuritis and/or longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis attacks and to correlate contrast enhancement with outcome measures. (ajnr.org)
- Optic neuritis transverse myelitis and anti-DNA antibodies nine years after thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. (docme.ru)
- We report the occurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis associated with serologic features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a young woman who underwent thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. (docme.ru)
- So, do I have to pick between optic neuritis and the effects of steroids? (dailystrength.org)
- My eye doctor sent me straight to the ER when she said i had Optic neuritis and they put me on IV steroids and did the MRI and came back i had MS. (dailystrength.org)
- The steroids administered intravenously do help in the quick treatment of optic neuritis and reduce the chances of multiple sclerosis by half. (diethealthclub.com)
- This cohort was small, but the results do not identify any reason to deviate from the common approach of optic neuritis treatment, which is 2 weeks of steroids. (nih.gov)
- The steroids his MS doctor gave him for his so called Optic Neuritis almost killed him, and gave him severe mental issues. (thisisms.com)
- It is common for doctors to prescribe steroids for optic neuritis. (naturaleyecare.com)
- A recent meta-analysis of studies on steroids for optic neuritis found no conclusive improvement in vision six months after steroids started. (naturaleyecare.com)
- I work with a company that wants to learn more about optic neuritis and the people it effects. (experienceproject.com)
- OCT evaluates the optic nerve axonal integrity by measurement of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and is generally used to evaluate for evidence of prior ON. (clevelandclinic.org)
- They demonstrated that decreased diffusivity in acute optic neuritis was associated with worse six-month visual outcome and correlated with visual evoked potential and retinal nerve fiber layer measures of axon and myelin injury. (aao.org)
- Six-month results from this phase 2 randomized study shows that the anti-seizure drug phenytoin protects against retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss in acute optic neuritis. (aao.org)
- In addition, children may also present with optic neuritis in combination with other inflammatory conditions such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or neuromyelitis optica. (medscape.com)
- Retinal haemorrhage in a child with optic neuritis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. (auckland.ac.nz)
- These antibodies may be attacking your optic nerve. (drugs.com)
- Anti-phosphatidylcholine antibodies have been suggested as a potential cause of optic neuritis . (vaccinesafety.edu)
- Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis. (edu.au)
- A comparison of adult optic neuritis and childhood optic neuritis is presented in Table 1. (medscape.com)
- Vaccine Safety ● Do Vaccines Cause Optic Neuritis or Neuromyelitis Optica? (vaccinesafety.edu)
- Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S.* have not been shown to cause optic neuritis or neuromyelitis optica (NMO). (vaccinesafety.edu)
- Scientists do not know what causes optic neuritis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What causes optic neuritis? (aapos.org)
- Mealy MA, Whetstone A, Orman G, Izbudak I, Calabresi PA, Levy M. Longitudinally extensive optic neuritis as an MRI biomarker distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. (medscape.com)