Optic nerve injuries. Medical search

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Transection or severing of an axon. This type of denervation is used often in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival, toward an understanding of nervous system disease.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

A type of fibrous joint between bones of the head.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).

Traumatic injuries to the HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE.

Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.

Traumatic injuries to the facial nerve. This may result in FACIAL PARALYSIS, decreased lacrimation and salivation, and loss of taste sensation in the anterior tongue. The nerve may regenerate and reform its original pattern of innervation, or regenerate aberrantly, resulting in inappropriate lacrimation in response to gustatory stimuli (e.g., "crocodile tears") and other syndromes.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from the optic nerve or its sheath. OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA is the most common histologic type. Optic nerve neoplasms tend to cause unilateral visual loss and an afferent pupillary defect and may spread via neural pathways to the brain.

The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.

Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.

Traumatic injuries to the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. It may result in extreme pain, abnormal sensation in the areas the nerve innervates on face, jaw, gums and tongue and can cause difficulties with speech and chewing. It is sometimes associated with various dental treatments.

Traumatic injuries to the LINGUAL NERVE. It may be a complication following dental treatments.

Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.

A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

Traumatic injuries to the LARYNGEAL NERVE.

Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood.

Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).

An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.

Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)

A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.

Traumatic injuries to the ACCESSORY NERVE. Damage to the nerve may produce weakness in head rotation and shoulder elevation.

Traumatic injuries to the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE that may result in vocal cord dysfunction.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

Hereditary conditions that feature progressive visual loss in association with optic atrophy. Relatively common forms include autosomal dominant optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT) and Leber hereditary optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, HEREDITARY, LEBER).

Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

The continuous visual field seen by a subject through space and time.

Paired bundles of NERVE FIBERS entering and leaving the SPINAL CORD at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots are efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and PREGANGLIONIC AUTONOMIC FIBERS.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

Injury-induced gelatinase and thrombin-like activities in regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems. (1/264)

It is now widely accepted that injured nerves, like any other injured tissue, need assistance from their extracellular milieu in order to heal. We compared the postinjury activities of thrombin and gelatinases, two types of proteolytic activities known to be critically involved in tissue healing, in nonregenerative (rat optic nerve) and regenerative (fish optic nerve and rat sciatic nerve) neural tissue. Unlike gelatinases, whose induction pattern was comparable in all three nerves, thrombin-like activity differed clearly between regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems. Postinjury levels of this latter activity seem to dictate whether it will display beneficial or detrimental effects on the capacity of the tissue for repair. The results of this study further highlight the fact that tissue repair and nerve regeneration are closely linked and that substances that are not unique to the nervous system, but participate in wound healing in general, are also crucial for regeneration or its failure in the nervous system. (+info)

Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice. (2/264)

PURPOSE: Retinal ganglion cells die by apoptosis during development and after trauma such as axonal damage and exposure to excitotoxins. Apoptosis is associated with changes in the expression of genes that regulate this process. The genes that regulate apoptosis in retinal ganglion cells have not been characterized primarily because previous studies have been limited to animal models in which gene function is not easily manipulated. To overcome this limitation, the rate and mechanism of retinal ganglion cell death in mice was characterized using optic nerve crush and intravitreal injections of the glutamate analog N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS: To expose retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) to excitotoxins, adult CB6F1 mice were injected intravitreally in one eye with NMDA. In an alternative protocol to physically damage the axons in the optic nerve, the nerve was crushed using self-closing fine forceps. Each animal had one or the other procedure carried out on one eye. Loss of RGCs was monitored as a percentage of cells lost relative to the fellow untreated eye. Thy1 expression was examined using in situ hybridization. DNA fragmentation in dying cells was monitored using terminal transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS: RGCs comprise 67.5% +/- 6.5% (mean +/- SD) of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of control mice based on nuclear morphology and the presence of mRNA for the ganglion cell marker Thy1. One week after optic nerve crush, these cells started to die, progressing to a maximum loss of 57.8% +/- 8.1% of the cells in the GCL by 3 weeks. Cell loss after NMDA injection was dose dependent, with injections of 10 nanomoles having virtually no effect to a maximum loss of 72.5% +/- 12.1% of the cells in the GCL within 6 days after injection of 160 nanomoles NMDA. Cell death exhibited features of apoptosis after both optic nerve crush and NMDA injection, including the formation of pyknotic nuclei and TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative RGC death can be induced in mice using two distinct signaling pathways, making it possible to test the roles of genes in this process using transgenic animals. (+info)

Differential T cell response in central and peripheral nerve injury: connection with immune privilege. (3/264)

The central nervous system (CNS), unlike the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is an immune-privileged site in which local immune responses are restricted. Whereas immune privilege in the intact CNS has been studied intensively, little is known about its effects after trauma. In this study, we examined the influence of CNS immune privilege on T cell response to central nerve injury. Immunocytochemistry revealed a significantly greater accumulation of endogenous T cells in the injured rat sciatic nerve than in the injured rat optic nerve (representing PNS and CNS white matter trauma, respectively). Use of the in situ terminal deoxytransferase-catalyzed DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL) procedure revealed extensive death of accumulating T cells in injured CNS nerves as well as in CNS nerves of rats with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, but not in injured PNS nerves. Although Fas ligand (FasL) protein was expressed in white matter tissue of both systems, it was more pronounced in the CNS. Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens was found to be constitutive in the PNS, but in the CNS was induced only after injury. Our findings suggest that the T cell response to central nerve injury is restricted by the reduced expression of MHC class II antigens, the pronounced FasL expression, and the elimination of infiltrating lymphocytes through cell death. (+info)

Bilateral optic nerve injury. (4/264)

Bilateral optic nerve injury is a rare condition and is reported in 5-6 percent of all optic nerve injuries. However, there is no published series on bilateral optic nerve injury. Analysis of 31 cases of bilateral optic nerve involvement seen amongst 275 patients with optic nerve injury (11.5 percent) is discussed. Road traffic accident which is the most common cause of optic nerve injury, was recorded in 61 percent. Shotgun injury and blast in jury was the cause in 22.5 percent of cases. All the patients except 4 received steroids. Anterior cranial fossa fracture and opacity of paranasal sinuses were recorded in a third of the patients. Visual evoked potentials were recorded in 27 patients. Improvement in vision was noticed in 23 patients (74 percent). However, among the 62 eyes, 39 eyes showed improvement (62.8 percent). Possible reasons for better outcome in bilateral optic nerve injury are discussed. (+info)

Bax antisense oligonucleotides reduce axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in vivo by reduction of Bax protein expression. (5/264)

Following transection of the optic nerve (ON), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) upregulate Bax protein expression and undergo apoptosis. The present study aimed at reducing Bax expression in order to test whether Bax plays a causative role in the induction of secondary RGC apoptosis. Following injection into the vitreous, fluoresceinated oligonucleotides transfected RGCs in vivo at the injection site in the temporal superior retina. Following ON lesion, and repeated injections of a partially phosphorothioated Bax antisense oligonucleotide, but not following injection of control oligonucleotides, expression of Bax protein was locally inhibited, and the number of surviving RGCs was increased in Bax antisense treated rats 8 days after axotomy. Our results indicate that Bax induction is a prerequisite for the execution of RGC apoptosis following ON axotomy. While the Bax antisense strategy offers an exciting perspective to inhibit secondary neuronal degeneration in vivo, both limited transfection efficacy, and the temporal restriction of this effect currently limit the use of this approach with respect to clinical applications for the treatment of neurodegeneration. (+info)

R-esp1, a rat homologue of drosophila groucho, is differentially expressed after optic nerve crush and mediates NGF-induced survival of PC12 cells. (6/264)

The differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect alterations in gene expression in the superior colliculus after optic nerve crush in adult rats. One of the most prominent changes observed was the selective induction of R-esp1, a homologue of the Drosophila enhancer of split locus (Groucho). Therefore, we studied the influence of R-esp1 on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced cell survival of PC12 cells. Overexpression of R-esp1 promotes cell survival even in the absence of NGF and, conversely, it is reduced by antisense-mediated inhibition of R-esp1 expression. In conclusion, we propose a novel model in which R-esp1 protein mediates the NGF-signaling pathway. (+info)

Optic nerve crush: axonal responses in wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice. (7/264)

Retinal ganglion cells of transgenic mice overexpressing the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in neurons show a dramatic increase of survival rate after axotomy. We used this experimental system to test the regenerative potentials of central neurons after reduction of nonpermissive environmental factors. Survival of retinal ganglion cells 1 month after intracranial crush of the optic nerve was found to be 100% in adult bcl-2 mice and 44% in matched wild-type (wt) mice. In the optic nerve, and particularly at the crush site, fibers regrowing spontaneously or simply sprouting were absent in both wt and bcl-2 mice. We attempted to stimulate regeneration implanting in the crushed nerves hybridoma cells secreting antibodies that neutralize central myelin proteins, shown to inhibit regeneration (IN-1 antibodies) (Caroni and Schwab, 1988). Again, we found that regeneration of fibers beyond the site of crush was virtually absent in the optic nerves of both wt and bcl-2 mice. However, in bcl-2 animals treated with IN-1 antibodies, fibers showed sprouting in the proximity of the hybridoma implant. These results suggest that neurons overexpressing bcl-2 are capable of surviving axotomy and sprout when faced with an environment in which inhibition of regeneration has been reduced. Nevertheless, extensive regeneration does not occur, possibly because other factors act by preventing it. (+info)

Visual outcome in optic nerve injury patients without initial light perception. (8/264)

PURPOSE: To assess the prognosis for recovery of vision in patients with blindness due to head injury, and to analyse the predictive value of visual evoked potential (VEP). METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with unilateral/bilateral blindness as a result of minor head injury were studied with regard to their visual status, CT scan, MRI scan and serial VEPs. Steroids were given to those presenting within one month of injury, 5 patients among them received methyl prednisolone. Transethmoidal decompression was done in 6 patients. RESULTS: Visual improvement was recorded in 23 patients. Initial VEP failed to reveal any wave in 29 patients and was abnormal in 71. All the 14 patients in whom VEPs were repeatedly normal, irrespective of initial VEP status, showed varying degrees of visual improvement and none of the 15 patients with persistently negative VEPs showed visual improvement. CONCLUSION: Recovery of VEP from no response to abnormal wave or abnormal wave to normal VEP were indicators of relatively good visual prognosis. Overall, 23 patients showed visual improvement, but did not return to normal. Mode of injury, CT findings and timing of surgery did not influence the outcome. (+info)

... while also being used experimentally for the treatment of glaucoma and optic nerve injury. Due to its lipophilic nature and ... "Limited restoration of visual function after partial optic nerve injury; a time course study using the calcium channel blocker ... By blocking these channels and preventing Ca2+ release, lomerizine increases circulation in the optic nerve head. These effects ... especially for treatment of the optic nerve, is oral. In a clinical study, long-term lomerizine usage was shown to be both safe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomerizine

Bilateral optic pseudoneuritis and unilateral medullated nerve fibers in cranial injury by blunt force. Med Rec New York 1913; ... He published papers on an ophthalmic topics, such as cataract surgery, corneal burns, and the differential diagnosis of optic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Talmey

After a fall, Robert suffered a severe head injury that resulted in a severed optic nerve. His doctor confined him to a dark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklight_paint

The complications of retrobulbar block are globe perforation, optic nerve injury, retrobulbar haemorrhage and extraocular ... The ciliary nerves, ciliary ganglion, oculomotor nerve and abducens nerve are anesthetized in retrobulbar block. As a result, ... O' Brien's block : It is also known as facial nerve trunk block. The block is done at the level of the neck of the mandible ... Facial nerve, which supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, is blocked in addition for intraocular surgeries. Topical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia_for_eye_surgery

... and optic nerve injury. Injury to the optic nerve requires neuro-ophthalmic examination, and may require neurosurgical ... Zone III: this zone contains the vitreous cavity, retina, and optic nerve; injuries commonly observed in this region are ... although avulsion of the optic nerve and TON were reported in only 3% of combat injuries. In the event that a victim of globe ... Visual outcomes for patients with ocular trauma due to blast injuries vary, and prognoses depend upon the type of injury ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blast-related_ocular_trauma

A lesion here produces a junctional scotoma in the superior temporal field of the optic nerve opposite the site of injury. Shin ... Wilbrand's knee: Inferonasal fibres of the optic nerve which go into the contralateral optic nerve 4 mm before crossing over to ... v t e (Optic nerve, All stub articles, Eye stubs). ... Horton JC (1997). "Wilbrand's knee of the primate optic chiasm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbrand's_knee

It may also have potential use in prevention and treatment of ischemic retinopathy and retinal and optic nerve injury.[medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coluracetam

... in which he suffered a parietal lobe hematoma and an optic nerve injury. Less than 20 minutes later, Buddy Lazier lost control ... Bill Tempero, Rick DeLorto and Butch Brickell, who remained entered despite his injuries, would be absent. A few days earlier, ... but he suffered no major injuries. Pit stops under caution followed for the Foyt trio and Stewart, who stalled his car and fell ... who had not recovered in time from the injuries sustained at Walt Disney World. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Dura_Lube_200

... "blinded with injured optic nerves, and lame with physical injuries to hip and back... Yet I worked my way back to fitness and ... drumhead-type injury) when his last ship was bombed". It is important to note that a drumhead injury was not a foot injury, but ... The US Navy's files do not record Hubbard spending any time on Java and do not show any evidence of wounds or injuries ... Hubbard himself told Scientologists in a taped lecture that he had suffered eye injuries after having had "a bomb go off in my ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_career_of_L._Ron_Hubbard

Ischemic injury to the optic nerve causes inflammation and swelling. Because the posterior optic nerve passes through the optic ... nerve atrophy originating from the damaged posterior optic nerve progresses to involve the anterior optic nerve head. Four to ... The anterior optic nerve, a.k.a. the optic nerve head, is surrounded by the scleral canal, and is vulnerable to crowding of ... to the optic nerve. Despite the term posterior, this form of damage to the eye's optic nerve due to poor blood flow also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy

... retina and optic nerve does not affect the degeneration process of retinal ganglion cells after acute injury of the optic nerve ... October 2008). "Up-regulation of P2X4 receptors in spinal microglia after peripheral nerve injury mediates BDNF release and ... They become activated in response to nerve injury, as demonstrated by several animal models. Activated microglia release ... They respond to pathogens and injury by changing morphology and migrating to the site of infection/injury, where they destroy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_microglia_in_disease

Robert had severed an optic nerve due to a head injury, and was confined him to a dark room while he waited for his sight to ... ISBN 978-0-7407-9771-2. Kubelka, Paul; Munk, Franz (1931). "An article on optics of paint layers" (PDF). Z. Tech. Phys. 12: 593 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_mixing

He had also crashed multiple times including a serious crash at Sepang, where he sustained an injury to his optic nerve during ... who was suffering from injuries during that season. He would move on to MotoGP in the following season. Sofuoğlu had previously ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suter_MMX2

The experiment showed that after a partial crush injury of the optic nerve, rats injected with activated T cells which are ... Experiments conducted in animal models of spinal cord injury, brain injury, glaucoma, stroke, motor neuron degeneration, ... Immediately after an injury to the CNS, there is a local innate immune response. This response is mediated primarily by ... CD4+ T helper cells that were specifically activated by antigens associated with the lesion, arrive at the site of injury and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_autoimmunity

acute closed-angle glaucoma - implies injury to the optic nerve with the potential for irreversible vision loss which may be ... eye injury keratitis - a potentially serious inflammation or injury to the cornea (window), often associated with significant ... Because of injury, infection or inflammation, an area of opacity may develop which can be seen with a penlight or slit lamp. In ... Injury from contact lenses can lead to keratitis. iritis - together with the ciliary body and choroid, the iris makes up the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_eye_(medicine)

Trauma can cause serious injury to the nerve. Direct optic nerve injury can occur from a penetrating injury to the orbit, but ... Optic nerve Optic nerve Human brain dura mater (reflections) Optic nerve Optic nerve Optic nerve Cerebrum.Inferior view.Deep ... Other optic nerve problems are less common. Optic nerve hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of the optic nerve resulting in ... Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is commonly known as "stroke of the optic nerve" and affects the optic nerve head (where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve

... atrophy of the optic nerve, albinism, and eye injury. It provides several services to persons from these conditions, including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_the_Partially_Sighted

... linded with injured optic nerves, and lame with physical injuries to hip and back" and was twice pronounced dead. Hubbard's ... The injury is no longer needed." "You can tell all the romantic tales you wish. ... But you know which ones were lies ... You ... He suffered serious injuries in a motorcycle accident in 1973 and had a heart attack in 1975 that required him to take ... According to the Church, In early 1945, while recovering from war injuries at Oak Knoll Naval Hospital, Mr. Hubbard conducts a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard

... vascular blockages either in the retina or in the optic nerve, stroke or other brain injury, and macular degeneration, often ... in which nerve injuries to the limbs, such as trauma in which a limb's nerves are severed but the limb is spared from ... where the retinal ganglion cell axons that compose the optic nerve exit the retina. This location is called the optic disc. ... the optic nerve and even the visual cortex. A pathological scotoma may involve any part of the visual field and may be of any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotoma

... measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect findings of increased intracranial pressure in adult head injury patients ... Correlation of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter with Direct Measurement of Intracranial Pressure. Acad Emerg Med. 2008: 15(2):201- ... as well as evaluating optic nerve sheath diameters as a potential indicator of other diseases in the central nervous system. ... For people who present signs of traumatic injury, the focused assessment with sonography for trauma or FAST exam is used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_ultrasound

... optic nerve injuries MeSH C10.292.700.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.292.700.500.500 - optic nerve glioma MeSH C10.292. ... abducens nerve injury MeSH C10.292.262.500 - facial nerve injuries MeSH C10.292.262.750 - optic nerve injuries MeSH C10.292. ... abducens nerve injury MeSH C10.900.300.218.300 - facial nerve injuries MeSH C10.900.300.218.550 - optic nerve injuries MeSH ... optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.551.360.500.500 - optic nerve glioma MeSH C10.551.525.500 - neurofibromatosis 2 MeSH C10.551. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C10)

... found that Wallerian degeneration of an optic nerve injury took up to 10 to 14 days on average, further suggesting that slow ... axonal injury Digestion chambers Nerve injury Neuroregeneration Peripheral nerve injury Primary and secondary brain injury ... In healthy nerves, nerve growth factor (NGF) is produced in very small amounts. However, upon injury, NGF mRNA expression ... Within 4 days of the injury, the distal end of the portion of the nerve fiber proximal to the lesion sends out sprouts towards ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallerian_degeneration

Switzer fell and suffered several serious injuries, including a skull fracture and severed optic nerve. Medical doctors told ... While convalescing from his injuries, Switzer and his brother Joseph searched for fluorescent materials, which Joseph had read ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Switzer

... leaving him with a permanently damaged optic nerve. The injury, combined with an academic issue with the NCAA, delayed his ... "Injury leaves Eric Katenda partially blind". espn.com. 2011-08-06. Retrieved 2012-02-04. "After eye injury no limits in sight ... However, Katenda suffered a "freak injury" to his left eye during a summer pick-up game, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–12_Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_men's_basketball_team

... optic nerve pathology, and brain pathology, as well as vascular injury. Orbital emphysema on its own is a mild and self- ... and the condition of the optic nerve, as well as the presence of any extraocular muscle entrapment and herniation of preorbital ... Traumatic injuries do not cause onset swelling unless there is a forceful injection of air from vigorous sneezing, nose-blowing ... in an increase in intraocular pressure which may cause visual loss when the nutrient vessels supplying the optic nerve are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_emphysema

The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to ... can cause injury to the optic nerve, but this is readily manageable if it does not involve direct optic nerve injury and is ... Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina ... The most common site of injury of the optic nerve is the intracanalicular portion of the nerve. Deceleration injuries from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy

Nerve injury Turner JE, Glaze KA (March 1977). "The early stages of Wallerian degeneration in the severed optic nerve of the ... Basic Nerve Pathology (ucsf.edu) - An Introduction to the Pathology of Nerves (Neuropathology). ... Digestion chambers are a histologic finding in nerves that are undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Digestion chambers consist of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestion_chambers

The retina translates that focused image into neural impulses and sends them to the brain via the optic nerve. Occasionally, ... Exudative, serous, or secondary retinal detachment - An exudative retinal detachment occurs due to inflammation, injury or ... Tractional retinal detachment - A tractional retinal detachment occurs when fibrovascular tissue, caused by an injury, ... posterior vitreous detachment, injury or trauma to the eye or head may cause a small tear in the retina. The tear allows ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_detachment

More than 570 patients with mutilated retinas or severed optic nerves entered SMHS Hospital in Srinagar after their eyes were ... The use of pellet cartridges was criticized by several NGOs due to the grievous and lethal injuries they cause. The government ... Pellet guns have been criticised for the injuries they cause especially when the pellets hit the eyes of protesters causing ... PTI (24 January 2018). "6,221 pellet-gun injuries reported in unrest after Burhan killing: J&K govt". The Times of India. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_control_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir

Injuries and cataracts affect the eye itself, while abnormalities such as optic nerve hypoplasia affect the nerve bundle that ... Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve. Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in patients is ... Eye injuries, most often occurring in people under 30, are the leading cause of monocular blindness (vision loss in one eye) ... to the occipital lobe of the brain that prevent the brain from correctly receiving or interpreting signals from the optic nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_impairment

In the posterior segment of the eye, typically diagnosed at the region of the optic nerve or macula, deforming the eye in a way ... It results due to ectasia of weak scar tissue formed at the limbus, following healing of a perforating injury or a peripheral ... Its common causes are thinning of sclera following perforating injury, scleritis & absolute glaucoma. It is a part of anterior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphyloma

Carpal tunnel syndrome and axillary nerve palsy are examples. Direct injury to a nerve, interruption of its blood supply ... V. Hypertensive optic neuropathy". Ophthalmology. 93 (1): 74-87. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(86)33773-4. PMID 3951818./ Kawana T, ... Sayad Fathi S, Zaminy A (September 2017). "Stem cell therapy for nerve injury". World Journal of Stem Cells. 9 (9): 144-151. ... Damage to peripheral nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland, or organ function depending on which nerves are affected; in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

... this being due to pulling on the posterior pole by the optic nerve. Among his numerous publications is Klinische Vorträge über ... The Injuries of the Eye in Forensic Medical Relationships), In: Maschka's Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, Tübingen 1880 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hasner

Optic disc drusen - globules progressively calcify in the optic disc, compressing the vascularization and optic nerve fibers ( ... The World Health Organization publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical ... a disconnection between the optic nerve and the brain and/or spinal cord (H57.9) Red eye - conjunctiva appears red typically ... Dysthyroid exophthalmos it is shown that if your eye comes out that it will shrink because the optic fluids drain out (H10.0) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_disease

... resulting in optic nerve damage and vision loss, which may be mild or severe. This may be the result of an eye injury, ... Morrison JC (2006). "Integrins in the optic nerve head: potential roles in glaucomatous optic neuropathy (an American ... the optic nerve) is a hallmark of glaucoma. The inconsistent relationship of glaucomatous optic neuropathy with increased ... Often, the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping. If treated early, it is possible to slow or stop the progression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

This is generally thought to be due to an optic form of ataxia since it is facilitated by the visual presence of an object with ... Unilateral injury to the medial aspect of the brain's frontal lobe can trigger reaching, grasping and other purposeful ... Lay summary in: "Alien Hand Syndrome: Nerve Impulses Can Cause Movement Even When Person Is Unaware". ScienceDaily. July 17, ... She had to physically restrain the affected hand with the right hand to prevent injury, a behavior which has been termed "self- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_hand_syndrome

... including the optic nerve. It is hypothesized this worm belongs to the genus Contracaecum, the same genus which has been ... Caution should be employed when handling these animals due to the possibility of a serious injury if the right steps are not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_dolphin

Marner, L.; Nyengaard, J.R.; Tang, Y.; Pakkenberg, B. (2003). "Marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the human brain with ... Some other sex-related health differences include: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries, especially in basketball, occur more ... and in the temporal stem and optic radiation, of the left hemisphere, whereas females have a larger amount of gray matter in ... Marner, L.; Nyengaard, J.R.; Tang, Y.; Pakkenberg, B. (2003). "Marked loss of myelinated nerve fibers in the human brain with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_human_physiology

Herophilos in his dissections discovered the differences between nerves and blood vessels. Nerves carried the pneuma or soul to ... This phase is when he stated that the soul was located slightly above the optic chiasm, in the anterior portion of the 3rd ... The hardness, the tension and also the general strength together with the resistance to injury contributed to a unique property ... Because all nerves are a continuation of the spinal cord and the cerebellum, which are located most closely to the 4th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_location_of_the_soul

... including the retina and optic nerve. The microfilariae migrate to the surface of the cornea. Punctate keratitis occurs in the ... GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national ... incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onchocerciasis

... the optic nerves, by dissection. Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460 - c. 370 BCE), considered the "father of modern medicine." The ... including injuries and illnesses relating to aging and mental illness. The Ayurvedic classics mention eight branches of ... Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (965-1040 CE), sometimes referred to as the father of modern optics, is the author of the ... After conducting extensive research, the two Alexandrians mapped out the course of the veins and nerves across the human body. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine

... injury, or infection such as chalazion, episcleritis, keratoconus, or optic nerve hypoplasia Hydrophthalmos, or congenital ... Overstimulation of the photoreceptors in the retina Excessive electric impulses to the optic nerve Excessive response in the ... seen with damage to the oculomotor nerve). Due to albinism, the lack of pigment in the colored part of the eyes (irises) makes ... mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), or severe ophthalmologic diseases such as uveitis or corneal abrasion. A more extensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophobia

It is also used for the treatment of neuroblastoma, a form of nerve cancer. Isotretinoin therapy has furthermore proven ... coupled with the high cost of defending personal injury lawsuits brought by some people who took the drug. Roche USA continues ... swelling of the optic disk (papilloedema, associated with IIH), photophobia and other visual disturbances. Isotretinoin's exact ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin

... optic nerve sheath fenestration or shunting). Venous stenting is emerging as a minimally invasive, safer alternative to ... The three major mechanisms for such an imbalance are enumerated in Virchow's triad: alterations in normal blood flow, injury to ... Bilateral 6th cranial nerve palsies may occur, causing abnormalities related to eye movement, but this is rare. 40% of people ... The pressure around the brain may rise, causing papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) which may be experienced as visual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis

The doctorate was for his work on optic-nerve regeneration. As an undergraduate, he also attended courses at Yale University, ... with case-work based more on occupational injury and trauma medicine, rather than disease and genetics. Having served as a ... research is undertaken to improve outcomes for conditions relating to the lens and to the optic nerve, such as improved intra- ... or diseases of the optic-nerve, such as glaucoma. The following week, Mr. Jackson, with Prof. MacLaren, operated on Robin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_MacLaren

Formic acid and formaldehyde can cause severe acidosis, damage to the optic nerve, and other life-threatening complications. ... Andrade, Raúl J; Robles, Mercedes; Ulzurrun, Eugenia; Lucena, M Isabel (2009). "Drug-induced liver injury: insights from ... Michaut, Anaïs; Moreau, Caroline; Robin, Marie-Anne; Fromenty, Bernard (2014-08-01). "Acetaminophen-induced liver injury in ... thereby resulting in acute liver injury. Oxidoreductases are enzymes that catalyze the reactions that involve the transfer of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxication

"Temporal parameters of low energy laser irradiation for optimal delay of post-traumatic degeneration of rat optic nerve". Brain ... He also publicized the threat of laser radiation to the eye and endeavoured to develop treatment for laser-induced eye injuries ... "Recovery of visual response of injured adult rat optic nerves treated with transglutaminase". Science. 264 (5166): 1764-1768. ... Belkin has been a voting member of SPIE, the International Society for Optics and Photonics for 11 years, and serves on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Belkin_(ophthalmologist)

Upon studying the optic nerve, Vesalius came to the conclusion that nerves were not hollow. In De fabrica, he corrected an ... Over the next eleven years Vesalius traveled with the court, treating injuries caused in battle or tournaments, performing ... He did not understand the inferior recesses, and his account of the nerves is confused by regarding the optic as the first pair ... Vesalius defined a nerve as the mode of transmitting sensation and motion and thus refuted his contemporaries' claims that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius

Optic neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve from infection or multiple sclerosis may cause blurring of vision. There may be ... Eye infection, inflammation, or injury. Sjögren's syndrome, a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys moisture ... Glaucoma: Increased intraocular pressure (pressure in the eye) cause progressive optic neuropathy that leads to optic nerve ... Bleeding into the eye Temporal arteritis: Inflammation of an artery in the brain that supplies blood to the optic nerve. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blurred_vision

... scarring of the optic nerve, clouding of lenses and urticaria. However, their prevalence is not known. Prednisolone eye drops ... corneal injuries caused by chemicals, radiations and thermal burns, or penetration of foreign objects. It is also used in the ... injuring the optic nerve and weakening of visual awareness. Corticosteroids should be used cautiously in patients with ... such as corneal injuries caused by chemicals, burns and alien objects, inflammation of the eyes, mild to moderate non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_prednisolone

Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1) Smell. See also: olfactory receptor neurons Optic nerve (cranial nerve 2) Sight. See also: ... see: Acquired brain injury, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Stroke, Brain damage, Frontal lobe injury and also the Federal ... particularly Optic nerve (#2) sight, Oculomotor nerve (#3) eye movement, Trochlear nerve (#4) eye rotation, Abducens nerve (#6 ... See cranial nerve section Olfactory nerve (#1) smell. See cranial nerve section Trigeminal nerve (#5) facial sensation biting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_brain

Fibers from the optic nerves cross over in the optic chiasm with some fibers passing to the contralateral optic nerve tract. ... fibers controlling the pupillary function are superficial and spared from ischemic injuries typical of diabetes. On the ... The oculomotor nerve, also known as the third cranial nerve, cranial nerve III, or simply CN III, is a cranial nerve that ... The superior branch of the oculomotor nerve or the superior division, the smaller, passes medially over the optic nerve. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve

Eyes: Strabismus, optic nerve hypoplasia (which may cause light sensitivity, decreased visual acuity, or involuntary eye ... traumatic brain injury, etc.[citation needed] All four diagnostic systems show virtual agreement on their criteria for CNS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder

The loss of and damage to the nerves of the optic nerve, causing optic atrophy, can occur. Nystagmus, or involuntary eye ... Available from: [1] "Cell Injury and Death". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 7 July 2021. van Hoffen A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockayne_syndrome

The tumor can also compress the optic apparatus, disturb cerebrospinal fluid flow, meningitis, and testicular enlargement in ... and the cranial nerves. Recent advancements in high-resolution MRIs allow for adenomas to be detected during the early stages ... and injury to the hypothalamus due to radiation therapy utilized on the patient. The pathophysiology of Nelson's syndrome is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson's_syndrome

Among the aftereffects of Ebola virus disease, uveitis and optic nerve disease could appear after an individual is discharged. ... Using 2 pairs may reduce the risk of sharp injuries; however, there is no evidence that using more than the recommended will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_African_Ebola_virus_epidemic

... optic nerve causes loss of vision most usually by the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the optic nerve. ... "Glutethimide treatment of disabling action tremor in patients with multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury". Arch. Neurol ... Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis and 20% of the time optic neuritis is the presenting ... "The 5-year risk of MS after optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. 1997". Neurology. 57 (12 Suppl 5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_signs_and_symptoms

Hints: Click on a [map] link to show a map of that region. Click on a [studies] link to search within your current results for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/map?recrs=e&cond=Optic+Nerve+Injuries&map=

... injuries, injury, intervertebral, lash, lateral, muscle, muscles, muscular, musculare, muscularis, neck, nerves, odontoid, ... Skeletal Torso with Injuries to the Cervical Spine, Left Arm and Thorax - Image ... Post-accident Injuries to the Left Arm, and Neck with Shoulder Surgery - Image ... Female Torsos with Post-accident Injuries to the Thorax and Pelvis and Subsequent Surgical Repairs - Image ...

https://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/view-item?ItemID=1210

Traumatic enucleation with optic nerve avulsion following accidental penetrating orbital injury is a rare phenomenon. A 35 ... Optic nerve avulsion following accidental penetrating orbital injury. Mymensingh Medical Journal. 2008 Jul; 17(2): 197-200. ... Left eyeball was hanging from the orbit with 20mm portion of optic nerve. Left eyeball was suspended with the attachment of ... One V shaped lacerated injury over the root of left side of nose was noted. One arm of the injury caused full thickness ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1062

injury to the optic nerve * a fungal infection in the eye * a hypersensitivity reaction to a drug ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-60612-5072/w-dnp-ophthalmic-eye/neomycin-polymyxin-dexamethasone-ophthalmic-drops/details/list-sideeffects

Learn about optic nerve disorders and how they affect your vision. ... Your optic nerves carries visual images from the back of your eye to your brain. ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Optic Nerve Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Optic Nerve Injuries (National ... Optic Nerve Atrophy (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus) * Optic Nerve Drusen (American ...

https://medlineplus.gov/opticnervedisorders.html

Expression of IL-6 was markedly induced in the retina upon optic nerve injury and IS, and mature RGCs expressed the IL-6 ... Consequently, application of IL-6 or activation of its receptor might provide suitable strategies for enhancing optic nerve ... enabling axon regeneration beyond the lesion site of the optic nerve. On the other hand, genetic ablation of IL-6 in mice ... significantly reduced IS-mediated myelin disinhibition and axon regeneration in the optic nerve. Therefore, IL-6 contributes to ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/cddis2013126?error=cookies_not_supported

This report describes the rate of unintentional traumatic brain injury related deaths among persons aged years in the United ... This report describes the rate of unintentional traumatic brain injury related deaths among persons aged years in the United ... injury to optic nerve and pathways); S06.0−S06.9 (intracranial injury); S07.0, S07.1, S07.8, and S07.9 (crushing injury of head ... crushing injuries involving head with neck); T06.0 (injuries of brain and cranial nerves with injuries of nerves and spinal ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6941a5.htm

The hallmark of an optic neuropathy, traumatic or otherwise, is a loss of visual function, which can manifest by subnormal ... Traumatic optic neuropathy is a devastating potential complication of closed head injury. ... A study of optic canal decompression on cadaveric specimens found microscopic evidence of injury to the optic nerve, pia, and ... Optic Nerve Decompression for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy) and Optic Nerve Decompression for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy What to ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/868252-treatment

Nerve Crush* * Optic Nerve Injuries / pathology* * Optic Nerve Injuries / physiopathology * Pupil / drug effects ... Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush PLoS One. 2014 Jun 10;9(6 ... Methods: We tested the hypothesis that after optic nerve crush (ONC), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) could be protected by H₂. ... Objective: To investigate the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) in a rat model subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC). ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24915536/

... and the same operation was performed except the clamp of optic nerve in the sham operation group.The optic nerve tissue was ... Changes of collapsin response mediator protein-2 and its phosphorylated protein levels following optic nerve injury. September ... There are not significant changes in the expression level of CRMP-2 in the BALB/c mice after optic nerve injury.However, the ... Collapsin response mediator protein-2; Cyclin-dependent kinase-5; Central nervous system; Injury, optic nerve; Growth cones; ...

https://cjeo-journal.org/changes-of-collapsin-response-mediator-protein-2-and-its-phosphorylated-protein-levels-following-optic-nerve-injury/

Approximately 2.8 million traumatic brain injury-related emergency room visits, hospitalizations and deaths occurred in the U.S ... Approximately 2.8 million traumatic brain injury-related emergency room visits, hospitalizations and deaths occurred in the U.S ... 854.0, 854.1: intracranial injury of other and unspecified nature;. * 950.1-950.3: injury to the optic nerve and pathways; ... T06.0: injuries of brain and cranial nerves with injuries of nerves and spinal cord at neck level; and ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6609a1.htm

Exogenous Modulation of Retinoic Acid Signaling Affects Adult RGC Survival in the Frog Visual System after Optic Nerve Injury. ...

https://www.nief-upr.com/publication/exogenous-modulation-of-retinoic-acid-signaling-affects-adult-rgc-survival-in-the-frog-visual-system-after-optic-nerve-injury/

... distributions of the trigeminal nerve. The hallmark of SWS is a facial cutaneous veno... ... The goal of treatment is control of IOP to prevent optic nerve injury. This can be achieved with the following agents:. * Beta- ... Treatment includes yearly examinations to look for optic nerve damage (with measurement of IOP and visual fields) and for ... Careful assessment in each eye of IOP, corneal diameter, cycloplegic refraction, axial length, and optic nerve cupping, as well ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1177523-169368/which-ocular-manifestations-of-sturge-weber-syndrome-sws-may-be-caused-by-choroidal-hemangioma

Our results demonstrate a novel light-responsive neural function independent of the optic nerve that may originate in the ... Our results demonstrate a novel light-responsive neural function independent of the optic nerve that may originate in the ... Mice with severe bilateral optic nerve crush exhibit no light-induced responses including behavioral light aversion until ... Mice with severe bilateral optic nerve crush exhibit no light-induced responses including behavioral light aversion until ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2016.00060/full

LIN28, a molecule that regulates cell growth could help in the treatment of spinal cord injury and optic nerve damage. When ... Scientists regenerate neurons in mice with spinal cord injury and optic nerve damage. ... Immune Cells Could Help Rebuild Damaged Nerves. A new study reveals neutrophils can help the nervous system clear nerve debris ... nerve damage, brain tumors, seizures, neurosurgery, electrophysiology, BMI, brain injuries, paralysis and spinal cord ...

https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/neuroregeneration/?filtered=latest

Dynamic changes in cell size and corresponding cell fate after optic nerve injury. Davis, B. M., Guo, L., Ravindran, N., ...

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/persons/hannah-mitchell/publications/

Optic nerve head injury and optical coherence tomography angiography Explore Home Oct 5 2021. Ophthalmology ... Dear editors, We wrote this letter to discuss the microvascular abnormalities related to optic nerve head (ONH) injury ... Pre- and Post-doctoral Positions in Biomedical Optics and Biomechanics Opening at University of Houston ... Quantification of peripapillary vessel density in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients with optical ...

http://www.octnews.org/publisher/34782/home/

Blocked drainage, injury or an underlying medical condition may cause optic nerve damage. ... The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. Damage to the optic nerve is ... No one knows the exact reason why the optic nerve becomes damaged when eye pressure is normal. The optic nerve may be sensitive ... Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. As this nerve gradually deteriorates, blind spots develop in your ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glaucoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20372839?mc_id=us&utm_source=sharingmayoclinic&utm_medium=l&utm_content=content&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100717

First, it promoted nerve regeneration following optic-nerve injury in mice with damaged optic nerves. Second, it reversed ... Following the encouraging findings in mice with optic nerve injuries, the team partnered with colleagues at Schepens Eye ... delivered the modified three-gene combination via an AAV into retinal ganglion cells of adult mice with optic nerve injury. ... Gene therapy applied to optic nerve regeneration. In the current study, the researchers targeted cells in the central nervous ...

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/12/reversing-glaucoma-damage-and-vision-loss/

Computerized Visual Field Testing For Optic Nerve And Brain Injury. *Contact Lens Fitting ...

https://local.demandforce.com/b/2020riverside?_e=0173bda6a63466748cb7ec97f08188bbf9f53cb4488f4e8911281f08140bd80de51c80f64e3de1c5fafb087d2f63e55c72fafdb29709e76baf766ec78a906b8ad594fc903aedfc607ed84c7ea1ec2274f8f6cb2923cfc2312433bcf4151cfe7840447c88ad06775ad5963325b6bccf9b60d803e43373c75ee138c9b486263e28a0375ba18246851fcec079e3ca94dd6bd3

Abnormal results could indicate glaucoma, optic nerve glioma, and more. ... Different patterns of visual loss are found with diseases or injury to the eye, optic nerve, or central nervous system. ... Eye stroke to retina or optic nerve (cable that brings vision from eye to brain) ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/visual-field-test-abnormal-results-3421824

1,2-Diaminoanthraquinone has been used to detect changes in NO levels in rat retinas after injury to the optic nerve.. This ... Increased levels of nitrotyrosine are also indicative of vascular and tissue injury from ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation. ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/probes-for-reactive-oxygen-species-including-nitric-oxide/probes-for-nitric-oxide-research.html

"After injury to the optic nerve, RGC axons do not regrow and most die with one to two weeks without treatment," Tran explains. ... Tran wanted to know whether certain RGC types were more likely to survive for longer after injury. "To look at what is ... "By sequencing thousands of RGCs at different timepoints after injury, we can track all surviving populations based on their ... If Tran and his colleagues can identify key molecules or aspects of injury response that predict resilience, they may ...

https://www.mcb.harvard.edu/department/news/five-postdocs-earn-fellowships-study-neurobiology-evolution/

Brain injury affects the roots of who we are - our ability to think, communicate, and connect with other people. Heres a good ... I was in a major car accident in 91 among other injuries I had a 3rd class brain injury and caused injury to ny optic nerve.... ... I am wondering if the swelling goes down can the optic nerve be un pinched and he regain his sight? Hes such a wonderful ... He is also completely blind from them swelling pushing on his optic nerve. I have been researching but havent come up with too ...

https://www.brainline.org/article/traumatic-brain-injury-basics?page=5#comment-23720

... is a subcategory of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH). ... optic nerve head injury followed by regional cell death may ... Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (SSONH) is a subcategory of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH). ... Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (SSONH), also termed "topless optic disc,"[1] is a congenital condition characterized ... Evaluation of optic nerve head configurations of superior segmental optic hypoplasia by spectral-domain optical coherence ...

https://eyewiki.aao.org/Superior_Segmental_Optic_Nerve_Hypoplasia_

For instance, the beneficial NIR light can reverse optic nerve injuries by use of helium-neon laser in models of rabbit and rat ... Optic nerve degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction: genetic and acquired optic neuropathies. Neurochem Int. 2002;40:573-84 ... optic nerve trauma and neuropathy, retinal injuries and pigmentosa, and macular degeneration. NIR light can also help brains to ... accelerate healing from ischemic heart injury [78], inhibit degeneration in injured optic nerve and retina [3, 78], and promote ...

https://medsci.org/v18p0109.htm

Researchers identify small molecule that restores visual function after optic nerve injury. ...

https://longevity.technology/news/would-you-invest-1000-per-week-to-live-longer/

Usually this kind of injury is caused when the eye is hit very hard. ... If someone has an orbital rim fracture, it is likely they have other injuries to the face, and possibly the optic nerve. ... This injury affects the bony outer edges of the eye socket. Because the rim is made up of very thick bone, an injury to this ... Symptoms of an orbital fracture will depend on what kind of fracture it is and how severe the injury is. Symptoms can include: ...

https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-orbital-fracture

Expression of IL-6 was markedly induced in the retina upon optic nerve injury and IS, and mature RGCs expressed the IL-6 receptor. (nature.com)
We have found that IL-6 expression is markedly induced in the retina after optic nerve injury and IS. (nature.com)
Melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are thought to mediate light-induced pain but recent evidence raises the possibility of an alternative light responsive pathway independent of the retina and optic nerve. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, functional and morphological studies show permanent alterations of the inner and outer retinal layers, indicating that further to a crush-like injury of axon bundles in the optic nerve head there may by additional insults to the retina, perhaps of ischemic nature. (unboundmedicine.com)
Nerves at the back of your eye (retina) send messages to your brain through the optic nerve. (alberta.ca)
Dilation makes it easier for your optometrist to view the retina and optic nerve at the back of your eye. (accentonvision.com)

Glaucoma usually happens when the fluid pressure inside the eyes slowly rises and damages the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve. (mayoclinic.org)
Glaucoma develops when the optic nerve becomes damaged. (mayoclinic.org)
Using the eye as a model tissue, we show that expression of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 genes (OSK) in mice resets youthful gene expression patterns and the DNA methylation age of retinal ganglion cells, promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve crush injury, and restores vision in a mouse model of glaucoma and in normal old mice. (biorxiv.org)
Glaucoma is a complex disease in which damage to the optic nerve leads to progressive vision loss. (glaucoma.org)
Although Orion will not be able to replicate anything approaching "normal" eyesight, Second Sight says that the device should be able to provide a useful level of artificial vision to individuals suffering from virtually any cause of blindness - including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, optic nerve damage, and various eye injuries. (optics.org)
The Eye Bonds are focused on translational research, meaning promising research from bench to bedside for all aspects of vision, including retinal diseases, cornea and optic nerve conditions, glaucoma, and eye injuries experienced by wounded veterans. (eyeresearch.org)
If these findings are confirmed and extended to other models, they may ultimately offer promise to patients with glaucoma or optic nerve damage. (medscape.com)
Glaucoma is a disease that damages your eye's optic nerve. (hyperoptics.net)
While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a clear risk factor, vascular insufficiency and abnormal autoregulation of the optic nerve circulation have been hypothesised to play a significant role in the development and progression of glaucoma. (bmj.com)
16 A recent CDI study of patients with non-ischaemic optic atrophy failed to demonstrate a significant change in retrobulbar haemodynamics suggesting that optic atrophy itself does not alter orbital haemodynamics to the extent noted in glaucoma patients. (bmj.com)
17 These findings and the possible association of normal tension glaucoma with vasospastic angina, migraine headache, and Raynaud's disease 18-20 add further support to a vascular contribution to glaucomatous optic nerve damage. (bmj.com)
Geometric Deep Learning to Identify the Critical 3D Structural Features of the Optic Nerve Head for Glaucoma Diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Glaucoma - Glaucoma is a range of conditions which can cause damage to the optic nerve at the back of the eye, leading to vision loss over time. (mcgreals.ie)
Glaucoma is the name given to a number of conditions affecting the optic nerve that connects the eye to the brain, usually including abnormally high pressure on the eye. (gavisioncenter.com)
Glaucoma also can develop as a result of an eye injury or medications the patient has been taking, and there are some indications that people suffering from diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure may be at higher risk, as well. (gavisioncenter.com)
Glaucoma is an eye disease affecting the optic nerve of the eye. (eyetheory.com)

Inflammatory stimulation (IS) in the eye mediates neuroprotection and induces axon regeneration into the injured optic nerve. (nature.com)
In vivo , intravitreal application of IL-6 transformed RGCs into a regenerative state, enabling axon regeneration beyond the lesion site of the optic nerve. (nature.com)
On the other hand, genetic ablation of IL-6 in mice significantly reduced IS-mediated myelin disinhibition and axon regeneration in the optic nerve. (nature.com)
Consequently, application of IL-6 or activation of its receptor might provide suitable strategies for enhancing optic nerve regeneration. (nature.com)
Enhancing mitochondrial transportation and cellular energetics could help promote regeneration and function following spinal cord injury. (neurosciencenews.com)
First, it promoted nerve regeneration following optic-nerve injury in mice with damaged optic nerves. (harvard.edu)
Optic nerve regeneration involves stimulating axons to grow across an optic nerve injury site to appropriate target areas in the brain, while at the same time preventing abnormal growth. (glaucoma.org)
BLSI is focused on developing world-class technologies in axon regeneration for functional recovery following severe CNS injury," stated Mark Pykett, President and Chief Operating Officer of BLSI. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Dr. Benowitz's research goals are to discover the basic mechanisms that control the growth of nerve connections and to apply insights from this work to promote regeneration and functional recovery after CNS injury. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
May 23, 2012 - Interventions resulting in optic nerve regeneration restored some components of vision, according to the results of a mouse model study published online May 21 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . (medscape.com)
However, in the past few years there have been several demonstrations that anatomical regeneration of the optic nerve can be partially induced after injury, following stimulation with various neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. (medscape.com)
For the first time, Dr. Benowitz and colleagues showed that partial anatomical regeneration of the optic nerve is accompanied by partial recovery of function," Dr. Limb said. (medscape.com)
Although untreated blind mice were equally likely to walk over either end, mice that had optic nerve regeneration in response to the interventions spent less time over the "deep" end. (medscape.com)

Optic nerve atrophy is damage to the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Backbone separation with hydrocephalus, cross- eye, Atrophy of eye nerves. (reecesrainbow.org)

Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
if you have an inflammation of the optic nerve (optic neuritis), - if you have acute liver disease, - if you have drug induced liver disease, - if you have experienced liver damage linked to isoniazid before, - if you have experienced severe side effects of isoniazid, such as drug fever, chills or inflammation of the joints before. (who.int)
Optic Neuritis occurs when your optic nerve begins to swell. (vision-boston.com)
You may feel pain when you move your eyes or might notice that the back of your eye hurts if you have optic neuritis. (vision-boston.com)
Corticosteroids, a type of medication that decreases swelling, can be helpful if you have optic neuritis. (vision-boston.com)

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. (liu.edu)
and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries. (liu.edu)
However, the degree of precision offered by the gamma knife permits the treatment of lesions that are no more than 2 mm in size and which touch vital structures, such as the cranial nerves, optic chiasma and brainstem, without (theoretically) causing any injury to healthy tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, knowledge of the detailed anatomy and pathway of the oculomotor nerve is critical for the management of lesions located in the middle cranial fossa and the clival, cavernous, and orbital regions. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers that carry visual messages. (medlineplus.gov)
In mice, they represent 3% of small TG neurons that are preferentially localized in the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and are likely nociceptive C fibers and high-threshold mechanoreceptor Aδ fibers based on a strong size-function association. (frontiersin.org)
This study used an optic nerve crush model in mice treated with 3 interventions shown to act synergistically to stimulate growth of optic nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
Each drug fulfilled a different purpose, including tamping down inflammation, inhibiting the production of collagen which would lead to scarring, and encouraging the new growth of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and muscle. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The nerve fibers leave the midbrain through the most medial part of the cerebral peduncle and enter the interpeduncular cistern. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC) and the initial parts of the nerve fibers are located within the tegmentum of the midbrain, which is in turn situated at the level of the tentorial notch, where it is surrounded by parts of the diencephalon, cerebellum, and cerebral hemisphere (Parent and Carpenter, 1995). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
These pills additionally have herbal extracts that useful resource the reforming of optic fibers. (medical-review.net)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has short- and long-term adverse clinical outcomes, including death and disability. (cdc.gov)
The reported incidence of TON ranges from 1.5% to 4% following head trauma 1 , and each year an estimated 2.8 million Americans sustain a traumatic brain injury 2 . (mymd.com)
During 2018–2020, death rates for unintentional traumatic brain injury among persons aged ≤19 years were higher for males than for females in each age group. (cdc.gov)
Visual problems associated with traumatic brain injury:Vision with traumatic brain injury. (aston.ac.uk)

The most widely accepted contemporary treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy have included observation, steroids, and surgical decompression, but concerns about the use of corticosteroids in patients with acute brain trauma have led to recommendations to not treat traumatic optic neuropathy with steroids. (medscape.com)
Usually this kind of injury is caused by blunt force trauma , when something hits the eye very hard. (aao.org)
We had no idea that the injury was so severe that it caused trauma to his optic nerve. (theplainsman.com)
Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. (bvsalud.org)
Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. (bvsalud.org)

[ 21 ] Lack of a prospective large-scale clinical trial perpetuates controversy as to the optimal treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
A revision of the Cochrane review on this topic found only a single double-masked, randomized, controlled trial comparing placebo to high-dose intravenous steroids for traumatic optic neuropathy but concluded that no convincing evidence suggests steroids provided any additional benefit to vision. (medscape.com)
Nonetheless, a survey of members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society found that out of 165 respondents, 60% treated traumatic optic neuropathy with corticosteroids. (medscape.com)
Twenty-three percent of respondents managed traumatic optic neuropathy with surgery. (medscape.com)
A more in-depth discussion of steroid therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy can be found in the Medscape Drugs & Diseases article Traumatic Optic Neuropathy . (medscape.com)
Surgical optic nerve decompression (OND) is a reasonable and reported treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
Evidence suggests that initial visual acuity (IVA) of no light perception is the most significant determinant of outcome in traumatic optic neuropathy. (medscape.com)
The study involved five cases of traumatic optic neuropathy, with a 45°-angled endoscope used to reach the optic nerve canal. (medscape.com)
Emanuelli et al reported a relatively good risk-benefit ratio in patients with posttraumatic optic neuropathy when a protocol was followed in which patients received endovenous steroid therapy no more than 8 hours after injury, with endoscopic endonasal decompression of the intracanalicular segment of the optic nerve performed within 12-24 hours after the start of medical treatment. (medscape.com)
Background: Quantitative assessments based on optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) may have potential promising value in the early detection of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION), but there is limited information on the ability of OCTA to distinguish eyes with NA-AION. (octnews.org)
MyMD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ® (Nasdaq: MYMD) ("MyMD" or "the Company"), a clinical stage pharmaceutical company committed to developing novel therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, announced today that it has entered into a material transfer agreement (MTA) with Bascom Palmer Eye Institute of Miami, Florida to collaborate on a pre-clinical study using MYMD-1 ® as a potential treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). (mymd.com)
Among the 19 patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluation, 14 patients had optic neuropathy that fully reversed for 2. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, linezolid-associated optic neuropathy appears after 5 to 10 months of treatment for 30% of patients ( 11 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
The pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy remains incompletely understood. (bmj.com)
Ischemic optic neuropathy and inherited degenerative retinal Truth About Male Enhancement disorders contraindicate sildenafil Rhino Sex Pills use discontinuation Truth About Male Enhancement of sildenafil is recommended if a sudden vision loss occurs. (kmutt.ac.th)

To investigate the effect of molecular hydrogen (H2) in a rat model subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC). (nih.gov)
We tested the hypothesis that after optic nerve crush (ONC), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) could be protected by H₂. (nih.gov)
Mice with severe bilateral optic nerve crush exhibit no light-induced responses including behavioral light aversion until treated with nitroglycerin, an inducer of migraine in people and migraine-like symptoms in mice. (frontiersin.org)
With nitroglycerin, these same mice with optic nerve crush exhibit significant light aversion. (frontiersin.org)
This axonal damage affects up to 80% of the RGC population, and eventually causes their death, with somal and intra-retinal axonal degeneration that resembles that observed after optic nerve crush. (unboundmedicine.com)

Damage to an optic nerve can cause vision loss . (medlineplus.gov)
Axonal injury in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is often associated with irreversible damage and loss of function owing to the limited capacity for neuronal network repair. (nature.com)
LIN28, a molecule that regulates cell growth could help in the treatment of spinal cord injury and optic nerve damage. (neurosciencenews.com)
Damage to the optic nerve is often related to high pressure in your eye. (mayoclinic.org)
For reasons that doctors don't fully understand, this nerve damage is usually related to increased pressure in the eye. (mayoclinic.org)
Bottle rockets accounted for 58 (83%) injuries, including eight of 10 injuries resulting in permanent damage to the optic nerve and all those resulting in enucleation. (cdc.gov)
I lost my eyesight late in life as a result of a motor vehicle accident (head injury that caused damage to my optic nerve which completely atrophied). (alice-miller.com)
A brain injury can damage the area of the brain that allows you to see. (alberta.ca)
Even if your injury looks mild, there can be significant internal damage that puts your eye health at risk. (totalvisionranchobernardo.com)
Depending on the severity of the injury, you may need antibiotic drops, removal of the foreign body, stitches, or surgery to repair damage caused by a cut. (vision-boston.com)
Eye protection helps you avoid injuries that could permanently or temporarily damage your vision. (accentonvision.com)
Nerve Control 911 is a herbal remedy to your infection and reverse fearful device damage. (medical-review.net)
Nerve Control 911 does no longer solely deal with nerve damage. (medical-review.net)
Diabetes not only increases your risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and nerve damage, but may also affect your eyesight. (2020eyeq.com)
Damage to the optic nerve is permanent and may cause partial or complete loss of vision. (2020eyeq.com)

However, the Orion system transmits those signals directly to an array of electrodes implanted on the surface of a patient's visual cortex - thus by-passing both the eye and the optic nerve, and the effects of diseases that have damaged them. (optics.org)
ICD-9-CM codes are used in medical billing and coding to describe diseases, injuries, symptoms and conditions. (icd9data.com)
It is very useful for rheumatic diseases, sexual weakness, blood pressure, nerve weakness and helps to arrest the ageing process. (lotusgoa.com)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality characterized by an abrupt decrease of the kidney glomerular filtration rate, extra-kidney consequences (cardiovascular diseases, lung injury, neurological impairment) and high risk of secondary chronic kidney disease (CKD). (hrb.ie)
Other diseases treated by Stem Cell Therapy include spinal cord injury , sports injury, and other orthopaedic conditions , among others. (globalstemcells.com)

The findings could help pave the way for regenerative treatments for spinal cord injuries, hearing loss, and heart disorders in humans. (neurosciencenews.com)
We believe these cutting edge areas of research hold promise in advancing the development of "first-in-field" therapies targeted at restoring a variety of sensory and motor functions in patients after stroke, spinal cord, optic nerve and traumatic brain injuries. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)

There are not significant changes in the expression level of CRMP-2 in the BALB/c mice after optic nerve injury.However, the expression levels of p-CRMP-2 and CDK5 proteins are gradually upregulated as the extending of injured time. (cjeo-journal.org)
When expressed above normal levels, the molecule fuels axon growth in mice with injury, enabling the body to repair damaged nerves. (neurosciencenews.com)
Untreated mice with optic nerve injury lost synchrony with the room's day/night light cycle, whereas treated mice had restored patterns of circadian entrainment. (medscape.com)
In addition, unlike untreated mice with optic nerve injury, those that received the intervention had a positive optomotor response: When placed on a platform surrounded by rotating vertical stripes, treated mice moved their heads reflexively to follow the pattern. (medscape.com)

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), also called encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a neurocutaneous disorder with angiomas that involve the leptomeninges (leptomeningeal angiomas [LAs]) and the skin of the face, typically in the ophthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) distributions of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)
It is innervated by branches of the second division of the trigeminal nerve , the infraorbital nerve, and the greater palatine nerves. (medscape.com)
It is innervated by the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves of the first division of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)
Innervation of the sphenoid sinus comes from branches of the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)

However, there is still contention over this diagnostic criteria as Asian populations with SSONH typically do not exhibit the four characteristic findings, and instead exhibit nerve fiber layer thinning in the superior nasal region [17] . (aao.org)
Clinically, patients having suffered gunshot injuries may exhibit signs of shock, neurological impairment, rapidly expanding hematoma and obstruction of the airways. (bvsalud.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Optic nerve avulsion following accidental penetrating orbital injury. (who.int)
Traumatic enucleation with optic nerve avulsion following accidental penetrating orbital injury is a rare phenomenon. (who.int)

Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (SSONH), also termed "topless optic disc," [1] is a congenital condition characterized by reduced numbers of regional ganglion cells (RGCs) in the superior optic disc. (aao.org)
Superior Segmental Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (SSONH) is a subcategory of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH) . (aao.org)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a quantitative way to evaluate optic nerve hypoplasia. (aao.org)

If that system is blocked or isn't functioning well, the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure) builds, which in turn damages the optic nerve. (mayoclinic.org)

Increasing pressure inside the eye damages the optic nerve, which sends light impulses from the eyes to the brain. (2020eyeq.com)

Since the anterior optic nerve is supplied largely by the short posterior ciliary arteries, 1 22 the purpose of this study was to determine the relation between short posterior ciliary artery haemodynamics and acute changes in IOP. (bmj.com)
Explainable machine learning model for predicting furosemide responsiveness in patients with oliguric acute kidney injury. (cdc.gov)

The bony orbit has its cellular ancestry from the mesenchymal cells surrounding the optic vesicle. (medscape.com)

This study was to investigate the dynamic changes of CRMP-2 and p-CRMP-2 expressions in injured optic nerve tissue. (cjeo-journal.org)
The tissue and nerves around Carson's eye were fractured from the impact and 13 stitches were necessary to sew up a gash. (theplainsman.com)
Axon degeneration occurs in the nerve tissue, giving rise to anesthesia, paresthesia and paralysis. (bvsalud.org)
In fact, we tend to cover major injuries with an amorphous mass of scar tissue, protecting it from further blood loss and infection and preventing further growth. (regenerativemedicine.net)
The wound is rapidly covered by skin cells within the first 24 hours after the injury, protecting the reconstructing tissue underneath. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Mammals and other regenerating animals will usually have their injuries exposed to air or making contact with the ground, and they can take days to weeks to close up with scar tissue," said David Kaplan, Stern Family Professor of Engineering at Tufts and co-author of the study. (regenerativemedicine.net)
It is also ministered to those with spondylosis and sports injuries resulting from soft tissue inflammations and joint pains. (lotusgoa.com)

[ 4 ] An intranasal endoscopic approach is favored because of the proximity of the optic nerve to the sphenoid sinus and Onodi cell. (medscape.com)
Obtain imaging studies to delineate the exact anatomical relationship of the optic nerve and carotid artery to the posterior ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinus. (medscape.com)

The nerve transmits light impulses from your eyes to your brain. (vision-boston.com)

RGCs are then able to survive injury and to re-grow axons into the inhibitory environment of the lesioned optic nerve. (nature.com)
In normal development, the optic nerve begins with 3.7 million axons which undergo apoptosis to 1.1 million axons by the 29th week of gestation [7] . (aao.org)

Patients with IVA of no light perception treated surgically within 7 days of injury had a better improvement degree than patients managed medically. (medscape.com)
Chen et al reported that endoscopic optic nerve decompression can be safely and effectively achieved via a direct sphenoidotomy performed through the sphenoid ostium, in patients with high sphenoidal pneumatization and no supersphenoethmoidal air cells. (medscape.com)
Multiple effective interventions have been identified, and CDC has developed the STEADI initiative (Stopping Elderly Accidents Deaths and Injuries) as a comprehensive strategy that incorporates empirically supported clinical guidelines and scientifically tested interventions to help primary care providers address their patients' fall risk through the identification of modifiable risk factors and implementation of effective interventions (e.g., exercise, medication management, and Vitamin D supplementation). (cdc.gov)
in an article that reviewed 10 children with SSONH born from diabetic mothers, and this was also the article that first described the four distinctive features found in the optic discs of SSONH patients [2] . (aao.org)
The registry contains information only for patients who have sustained a serious eye injury, defined as 'an injury resulting in permanent and significant, structural or functional ocular change. (cdc.gov)
More than half of patients, however, have permanent hormone deficiencies resulting from pituitary injury and require hormone replacement. (medscape.com)

This fracture can also affect the muscles and nerves around the eye, keeping it from moving properly and feeling normal. (aao.org)
The oculomotor nerve supplies the extraocular muscles. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Nerve Control 911 offers leisure to your muscles. (medical-review.net)
A growing body of research evidence shows that chiropractic care is a practical approach to treat neuro-musculoskeletal conditions, including problems with nerves, bones, muscles, joints, and connective tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. (adjusttodaychiropractic.com)

Hello,my wife is a brain injury. (brainline.org)
Problems with vision (eyesight) make life even harder if you have a brain injury. (alberta.ca)
The type of vision problem depends on where the brain injury is and if other parts of the head and face are injured. (alberta.ca)

This review describes the microsurgical anatomy of the oculomotor nerve and presents pictures illustrating this nerve and its surrounding connective and neurovascular structures. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

The anterior optic nerve is primarily perfused by the short posterior ciliary arteries. (bmj.com)

Symptoms of an orbital fracture will depend on what kind of fracture it is and how severe the injury is. (aao.org)
Eye injuries caused by fireworks are often severe and can cause permanently reduced visual acuity or blindness. (cdc.gov)

Our results demonstrate a novel light-responsive neural function independent of the optic nerve that may originate in the peripheral nervous system to provide the first direct mechanism for an alternative light detection pathway that influences motivated behavior. (frontiersin.org)

Medicaid pays for dental and vision care for adults when medically necessary: the service diagnoses or treats an injury, illness, or its symptoms. (growingfamilybenefits.com)
If you've sustained an eye injury or are experiencing emergency symptoms, please call us immediately . (totalvisionranchobernardo.com)

Tests for optic nerve disorders may include eye exams, ophthalmoscopy (an examination of the back of your eye), and imaging tests . (medlineplus.gov)
With some optic nerve disorders, you may get your vision back. (medlineplus.gov)
Other disorders cause indirect lung injury, fibrosis, emphysema, and throat via the optic nerve head with no. (aaan.org)

We are able to regenerate nerve cells in the eye which normally cannot regenerate, as is true for all central nervous system cells," senior author Larry Benowitz, PhD, from the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center and Laboratories for Neuroscience Research in Neurosurgery at Boston Children's Hospital, told Medscape Medical News in a telephone interview. (medscape.com)

One of the most serious risks associated with FESS is blindness caused by harm to the optic nerve. (david-cook.org)

Flash visual evoked potentials (FVEP) and pupillary light reflex (PLR) were then tested to evaluate the function of optic nerve. (nih.gov)
The mammalian visual system uses distinct photoreceptors for image- and non-imaging-forming vision that send coded information to the brain via the optic nerve. (frontiersin.org)
The optic nerve sends visual information from your eye to your brain and is vital for good vision. (mayoclinic.org)
The presence of all 4 of these characteristics is variable so most studies require only 2 of the 4 optic disc features as well as nonprogressive visual field (VF) loss to diagnose SSONH [8] . (aao.org)
Another 2008 study concluded that optic disc morphology is not important in the diagnosis of SSONH and instead, characteristic visual field defect patterns on Goldmann perimetry and corresponding RNFL defects should be referenced [14] . (aao.org)
Less readily restored is the optic nerve defect, resulting in decreased visual acuity and restricted visual fields. (medscape.com)

One arm of the injury caused full thickness laceration of upper lid and other arm entered within orbit with medial bony orbital wall in nasal side and periorbita with other structures in temporal side upto apex of the orbit. (who.int)
If someone has an orbital rim fracture, it is likely they have other injuries to the face, and possibly the optic nerve . (aao.org)
E: Superolateral view of the right oculomotor nerve from the cisternal segment to the orbital segment. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Various surgical approaches for decompression of the optic canal include transfrontal craniotomy, extranasal transethmoidal, transnasal ethmoidal, lateral facial, and endoscopic procedures. (medscape.com)
The authors have been successfully using endoscopic optic nerve decompression for the past decade. (medscape.com)

Categories of injury intent included unintentional (motor-vehicle crashes, falls, being struck by or against an object, mechanism unspecified), intentional (self-harm and assault/homicide), and undetermined intent. (cdc.gov)
of the 274 (6%) fireworks-related injuries, 255 (93%) were unintentional injuries. (cdc.gov)

After the oculomotor nerve emerges from the interpeduncular fossa, it enters the cavernous sinus slightly lateral and anterior to the dorsum sellae. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The oculomotor nerve is a pure motor nerve and primarily triggers movements of the eyeball, hence its name (from the Latin oculus for eye and motous for motion) (Dorland, 2003). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The intramesencephalic segment extends from the nucleus to the point of exit of the oculomotor nerve from the midbrain. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
The oculomotor nerve complex, which is positioned in the most ventral part of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) at the level of the superior colliculi, comprises the somatic cell column, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and an additional dorsal (supraoculomotor) nucleus in each half of the midbrain (Figs. 1A-1C) (Vitosevic et al. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)

Other risk factors included eye injury, high myopia, diabetes and hypertension. (who.int)
2. VA does not recognize myopia as a disease and the preponderance of the evidence shows that it was not subject to a superimposed disease or injury while in service. (va-claim.com)

With SRS, very delicate and hard -to-reach areas can be treated (e.g., near the optic chiasma) where surgery is not possible because of the risks inherent in the surgical procedures (e.g., hemorrhage, irreversible lesions). (bvsalud.org)

thus, optic nerve head injury followed by regional cell death may serve as a better explanation for this phenomenon [8] . (aao.org)

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 37 (5), pp. 585-593. (aston.ac.uk)
Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics , 35 (4), pp. 352-376. (aston.ac.uk)

Most commonly, this occurs when fluid builds up in the front part of your eye which increases the pressure in your eye, damaging the optic nerve. (hyperoptics.net)
A chemical eye injury occurs when the eye comes into contact with a chemical, whether solid, liquid, powder, or aerosol. (totalvisionranchobernardo.com)

TON is a condition caused by injury to the optic nerve, resulting in partial or complete vision loss. (mymd.com)

Even a minor injury can cause long-term complications to your eyes. (totalvisionranchobernardo.com)

The four characteristic findings of SSONH in the optic disc include a relative superior entrance of the central retinal artery, pallor of the superior disc, superior peripapillary halo, and thinning of the superior peripapillary nerve fiber layer [2] . (aao.org)
An eye emergency can include an injury or an eye disease . (totalvisionranchobernardo.com)

Left eyeball was hanging from the orbit with 20mm portion of optic nerve. (who.int)

Anatomy23

Organisms1

Diseases35

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care1

Injury-induced gelatinase and thrombin-like activities in regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems. (1/264)

Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice. (2/264)

Differential T cell response in central and peripheral nerve injury: connection with immune privilege. (3/264)

Bilateral optic nerve injury. (4/264)

Bax antisense oligonucleotides reduce axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in vivo by reduction of Bax protein expression. (5/264)

R-esp1, a rat homologue of drosophila groucho, is differentially expressed after optic nerve crush and mediates NGF-induced survival of PC12 cells. (6/264)

Optic nerve crush: axonal responses in wild-type and bcl-2 transgenic mice. (7/264)

Visual outcome in optic nerve injury patients without initial light perception. (8/264)

Optic Nerve Injuries

Optic Nerve

Nerve Crush

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Nerve Regeneration

Optic Disk

Axons

Optic Nerve Diseases

Axotomy

Sciatic Nerve

Cranial Nerve Injuries

Evoked Potentials, Visual

Cranial Sutures

Glaucoma

Retina

Optic Neuritis

Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries

Wounds, Nonpenetrating

Optic Chiasm

Wounds and Injuries

Facial Nerve Injuries

Peripheral Nerves

Intraocular Pressure

Optic Atrophy

Nerve Fibers

Spinal Nerves

Optic Nerve Neoplasms

Microsurgery

Sciatic Neuropathy

Cell Count

Disease Models, Animal

Neuralgia

Trigeminal Nerve Injuries

Lingual Nerve Injuries

Neuroprotective Agents

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Cell Survival

Trauma, Nervous System

Brain Injuries

Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Optic Nerve Glioma

Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic

Immunohistochemistry

Spinal Cord Injuries

Hyperalgesia

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Athletic Injuries

Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

Facial Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Reperfusion Injury

Tibial Nerve

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Nerve Block

Median Nerve

Ganglia, Spinal

Papilledema

Femoral Nerve

Accessory Nerve Injuries

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries

Myelin Sheath

Sural Nerve

Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian

Nerve Degeneration

Eye Injuries

Optic Atrophies, Hereditary

Wallerian Degeneration

Spinal Cord

Axonal Transport

Optic Flow

Spinal Nerve Roots

Nerve Growth Factors

Injury Severity Score

Eye

Injury-induced gelatinase and thrombin-like activities in regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems. (1/264)

Experimental induction of retinal ganglion cell death in adult mice. (2/264)

Differential T cell response in central and peripheral nerve injury: connection with immune privilege. (3/264)

Bilateral optic nerve injury. (4/264)

Bax antisense oligonucleotides reduce axotomy-induced retinal ganglion cell death in vivo by reduction of Bax protein expression. (5/264)