Optic nerve diseases. Medical search

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).

Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31)

Diseases of the tenth cranial nerve, including brain stem lesions involving its nuclei (solitary, ambiguus, and dorsal motor), nerve fascicles, and intracranial and extracranial course. Clinical manifestations may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness, and alterations of parasympathetic tone in the thorax and abdomen.

Injuries to the optic nerve induced by a trauma to the face or head. These may occur with closed or penetrating injuries. Relatively minor compression of the superior aspect of orbit may also result in trauma to the optic nerve. Clinical manifestations may include visual loss, PAPILLEDEMA, and an afferent pupillary defect.

The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve.

Diseases of the twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nerve or nuclei. The nuclei and fascicles of the nerve are located in the medulla, and the nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen and innervates the muscles of the tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia and MOTOR NEURON DISEASES may affect the nuclei or nerve fascicles. The nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral weakness of tongue musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation of the tongue towards the side of weakness upon attempted protrusion.

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.

Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1390)

Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve). The two components of the nerve join and exit the skull via the jugular foramen, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which become weak or paralyzed if the nerve is injured. The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.

Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from the optic nerve or its sheath. OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA is the most common histologic type. Optic nerve neoplasms tend to cause unilateral visual loss and an afferent pupillary defect and may spread via neural pathways to the brain.

Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Glial cell derived tumors arising from the optic nerve, usually presenting in childhood.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)

In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)

Hereditary conditions that feature progressive visual loss in association with optic atrophy. Relatively common forms include autosomal dominant optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT) and Leber hereditary optic atrophy (OPTIC ATROPHY, HEREDITARY, LEBER).

The continuous visual field seen by a subject through space and time.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

A maternally linked genetic disorder that presents in mid-life as acute or subacute central vision loss leading to central scotoma and blindness. The disease has been associated with missense mutations in the mtDNA, in genes for Complex I, III, and IV polypeptides, that can act autonomously or in association with each other to cause the disease. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/, MIM#535000 (April 17, 2001))

A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.

A condition resulting from congenital malformations involving the brain. The syndrome of septo-optic dysplasia combines hypoplasia or agenesis of the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM and the OPTIC NERVE. The extent of the abnormalities can vary. Septo-optic dysplasia is often associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamic and other diencephalic structures, and HYPOPITUITARISM.

A triangular double membrane separating the anterior horns of the LATERAL VENTRICLES of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the CORPUS CALLOSUM and the body and columns of the FORNIX (BRAIN).

Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.

Evaluation of focal defects of the nerve fiber layer using optical coherence tomography. (1/852)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze glaucomatous eyes with known focal defects of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), relating optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings to clinical examination, NFL and stereoscopic optic nerve head (ONH) photography, and Humphrey 24-2 visual fields. DESIGN: Cross-sectional prevalence study. PARTICIPANTS: The authors followed 19 patients in the study group and 14 patients in the control group. INTERVENTION: Imaging with OCT was performed circumferentially around the ONH with a circle diameter of 3.4 mm using an internal fixation technique. One hundred OCT scan points taken within 2.5 seconds were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of NFL thickness using OCT were performed. RESULTS: In most eyes with focal NFL defects, OCTs showed significant thinning of the NFL in areas closely corresponding to focal defects visible on clinical examination, to red-free photographs, and to defects on the Humphrey visual fields. Optical coherence tomography enabled the detection of focal defects in the NFL with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 81%. CONCLUSION: Analysis of NFL thickness in eyes with focal defects showed good structural and functional correlation with clinical parameters. Optical coherence tomography contributes to the identification of focal defects in the NFL that occur in early stages of glaucoma. (+info)

Ophthalmic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2/852)

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of ophthalmic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome) and T-cell lymphoma involving the skin and to describe the clinical course of the disease with selected examples. METHODS: A computerized diagnostic retrieval system was used to identify all patients with T-cell lymphoma involving the skin who were examined at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 1990. The medical records of affected patients were reviewed. RESULTS: During the 15-year interval from 1976 through 1990, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in 2,155 patients. Of these 2,155 patients, 42 (1.95%; 26 male and 16 female) had at least 1 ophthalmic abnormality attributable to the disease. The diagnoses in these 42 patients were mycosis fungoides in 19, clinical variants of T-cell lymphoma of the skin (most commonly, peripheral T-cell lymphoma) in 11, and Sezary syndrome in 12. Cicatricial eyelid ectropion was the most common finding, affecting 17 (40.4%) of the 42 patients. Thirty-seven patients had findings that, although probably not a direct consequence of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, have been cataloged in previous studies. CONCLUSION: Although ophthalmic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are relatively uncommon, the manifestations of the disease are diverse and frequently difficult to treat. (+info)

Acquired mitochondrial impairment as a cause of optic nerve disease. (3/852)

BACKGROUND: Blindness from an optic neuropathy recently occurred as an epidemic affecting 50,000 patients in Cuba (CEON) and had clinical features reminiscent of both tobacco-alcohol amblyopia (TAA) and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (Leber's; LHON). Selective damage to the papillomacular bundle was characteristic, and many patients also developed a peripheral neuropathy. Identified risk factors included vitamin deficiencies as well as exposure to methanol and cyanide. In all 3 syndromes, there is evidence that singular or combined insults to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are associated with a clinically characteristic optic neuropathy. PURPOSE: First, to test the hypothesis that a common pathophysiologic mechanism involving impairment of mitochondria function and, consequently, axonal transport underlies both genetic optic nerve diseases such as Leber's and acquired toxic and nutritional deficiency optic neuropathies. According to this hypothesis, ATP depletion below a certain threshold leads to a blockage of orthograde axonal transport of mitochondria, which, in turn, leads to total ATP depletion and subsequent cell death. Second, to address several related questions, including (1) How does impaired energy production lead to optic neuropathy, particularly since it seems to relatively spare other metabolically active tissues, such as liver and heart? (2) Within the nervous system, why is the optic nerve, and most particularly the papillomacular bundle, so highly sensitive? Although there have been previous publications on the clinical features of the Cuban epidemic of blindness, the present hypothesis and the subsequent questions have not been previously addressed. METHODS: Patients in Cuba with epidemic optic neuropathy were personally evaluated through a comprehensive neuro-ophthalmologic examination. In addition, serum, lymphocytes for DNA analysis, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sural nerves, and eyes with attached optic nerves were obtained from Cuban patients, as well as from Leber's patients, for study. Finally, we developed an animal model to match the low serum folic acid and high serum formate levels found in the CEON patients, by administering to rats low doses of methanol after several months of a folic acid-deficient diet. Optic nerves and other tissues obtained from these rats were analyzed and compared with those from the Cuban patients. RESULTS: Patients from the Cuban epidemic of optic neuropathy with clinical evidence of a selective loss of the papillomacular bundle did much better once their nutritional status was corrected and exposure to toxins ceased. Patients with CEON often demonstrated low levels of folic acid and high levels of formate in their blood. Histopathologic studies demonstrated losses of the longest fibers (in the sural nerve) and those of smallest caliber (papillomacular bundle) in the optic nerve, with intra-axonal accumulations just anterior to the lamina cribrosa. Our animal model duplicated the serologic changes (low folic acid, high formate) as well as these histopathologic changes. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination of rat tissues demonstrated mitochondrial changes that further matched those seen on ultrastructural examination of tissues from patients with Leber's. CONCLUSION: Mitochondria can be impaired either genetically (as in Leber's) or through acquired insults (such as nutritional or toxic factors). Either may challenge energy production in all cells of the body. While this challenge may be met through certain compensatory mechanisms (such as in the size, shape, or number of the mitochondria), there exists in neurons a threshold which, once passed, leads to catastrophic changes. This threshold may be that point at which mitochondrial derangement leads to such ATP depletion that axonal transport is compromised, and decreased mitochondrial transport results in even further ATP depletion. Neurons are singularly dependent on the axonal transport of mitochondria. ( (+info)

Diabetes mellitus: a risk factor in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. (4/852)

AIMS: To assess the prevalence of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) and to investigate the complications of surgery for GO in these patients. METHODS: The records of 482 consecutive patients with GO referred in a 5 year period were studied. Those patients who also had DM were selected for further study. The prevalence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was registered, as well as the prevalence and course of DON. In the patients who underwent surgery for GO the postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS: Out of 482 patients with GO, 15 (3.1%) also had DM. Eight (1.7%) had IDDM, 7 (1.4%) had NIDDM. Five patients (33.3%) three with IDDM and two with NIDDM developed DON with 50% improvement of visual acuity after treatment, whereas in the whole population of 482 GO patients 19 had DON (3.9%), showing 69.4% improvement of vision after treatment. 10 patients with GO and DM were operated for GO; in one of them an optic atrophy developed as a result of a postoperative haemorrhage directly after a three wall orbital decompression by coronal approach. No other postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IDDM in patients with GO is higher than in the normal population. DON occurs much more frequently in patients with GO and DM than in the total group of GO patients and seems to have a worse visual prognosis. (+info)

Dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery associated with transsphenoidal encephalocele: a neural crest syndrome? (5/852)

We describe two original cases of internal carotid artery dysgenesis associated with a malformative spectrum, which includes transsphenoidal encephalocele, optic nerve coloboma, hypopituitarism, and hypertelorism. Cephalic neural crest cells migrate to various regions in the head and neck where they contribute to the development of structures as diverse as the anterior skull base, the walls of the craniofacial arteries, the forebrain, and the face. Data suggest that the link between these rare malformations is abnormal neural crest development. (+info)

Visual function and brain organization in non-decussating retinal-fugal fibre syndrome. (6/852)

Functional neuroimaging, psychophysical and electrophysiological investigations were performed in a patient with non-decussating retinal-fugal fibre syndrome, an inborn achiasmatic state in which the retinal projections of each eye map entirely to the ipsilateral primary visual cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that for monocularly presented simple visual stimuli, only the ipsilateral striate cortex was activated. Within each hemisphere's striate cortex, the representation of the two hemifields overlapped extensively. Despite this gross miswiring, visual functions that require precise geometrical information (such as vernier acuity) were normal, and there was no evidence for the confounding of visual information between the overlapping ipsi-lateral and contralateral representations. Contrast sensitivity and velocity judgments were abnormal, but their dependence on the orientation and velocity of the targets suggests that this deficit was due to ocular instabilities, rather than the miswiring per se. There were no asymmetries in performance observed in visual search, visual naming or illusory contour perception. fMRI analysis of the latter two tasks under monocular viewing conditions indicated extensive bilateral activation of striate and prestriate areas. Thus, the remarkably normal visual behavior achieved by this patient is a result of both the plasticity of visual pathways, and efficient transfer of information between the hemispheres. (+info)

Surgical management of symptomatic intrasellar arachnoid cysts--two case reports. (7/852)

Two patients with symptomatic intrasellar arachnoid cyst were successfully treated. A 67-year-old female with a cyst 20 mm in diameter developed headache and visual disturbance. She was treated by transsphenoidal surgery. A 59-year-old male with a cyst measuring 35 x 30 x 50 mm causing headache, visual disturbance, and deterioration of consciousness was managed by wide resection of the cyst wall via craniotomy. Postoperative courses in both patients were uneventful. Transsphenoidal surgery may be suitable for small to medium-sized cysts, although tight packing of the sella is mandatory to prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. However, craniotomy is recommended for large intra- and suprasellar arachnoid cysts to avoid this complication, and to achieve sufficient communication between the cyst and the subarachnoid cistern. (+info)

Idiopathic sclerotic inflammation of the orbit with left optic nerve compression in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. (8/852)

We present the MR imaging findings in a 43-year-old male patient with bilateral idiopathic sclerosing inflammation of the orbit. Bilateral enhancing retrobulbar masses, with concentric compression of the retrobulbar segment of the left optic nerve, were seen. MR imaging proved to be the only means to distinguish between the different intraorbital structures and to determine the exact site of optic nerve compression. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of MR imaging findings of this entity. (+info)

"An Introduction to Diseases of the Optic nerve". Retrieved 30 May 2014. Auber, AE; O'Hara M (1999). "Morning glory syndrome. MR ... Coloboma of optic nerve Magrath, GN; Cheeseman EW; Sarrica RA (2013). "Morning Glory Disc Anomaly". Pediatric Neurology. 49 (6 ... The term was coined in 1970 by Kindler, noting a resemblance of the malformed optic nerve to the morning glory flower. The ... The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_glory_disc_anomaly

"Graves' Disease: Proptosis, Lid Retraction, Strabismus, Optic Nerve Compression". The Eyes Have It. University of Michigan ... Many different illnesses can cause an increase in metabolic activity as the body combats illness and disease in order to heal ... Graves' disease: Manifestation: Excess hypermetabolically-induced thyroid hormone activates sympathetic pathways, causing the ... Some of the most prevalent diseases characterized by hypermetabolism are listed below. Hyperthyroidism: Manifestation: An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermetabolism

Pressure on the optic nerve behind the globe can lead to visual field defects and vision loss, as well. Prolonged untreated ... Begbie's disease, Flajani's disease, Flajani-Basedow syndrome, and Marsh's disease.[39] These names for the disease were ... a b c d e f g Basedow's syndrome or disease at Who Named It? - the history and naming of the disease ... Graves' disease[39][40] has also been called exophthalmic goiter.[40] Less commonly, it has been known as Parry's disease,[39][ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves

1993). "Reduction in incidence of optic nerve disease with annual ivermectin to control onchocerciasis". The Lancet. 341 (8838 ... CLINICAL AND OTHER FINDINGS PRELIMINARY REPORT". British Journal of Venereal Diseases. 40 (1): 33-42. doi:10.1136/sti.40.1.33. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrie_R._Jones

... is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss. The most common type is open- ... Morrison JC (2006). "INTEGRINS IN THE OPTIC NERVE HEAD: POTENTIAL ROLES IN GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY (AN AMERICAN ... nerve compression trauma, optic nerve blood flow, excitatory neurotransmitter, trophic factor, retinal ganglion cell/axon ... Often the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping. If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

Wood-Smith D, Epstein F, Morello D. Transcranial decompression of the optic nerve in the osseous canal in Crouzon's disease. ... Dental disease - Cutaneous manifestations. N Y State J Med. 1974;74(9):1612-4. Converse JM, Wood-Smith D, McCarthy JG, Coccaro ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Wood-Smith

... loss may occur due to disease or disorders of the eye, optic nerve, or brain. Classically, there are four types of ... a visual field test is used to determine whether the visual field is affected by diseases that cause local scotoma or a more ... defect located behind optic chiasm (see below) Different neurological difficulties cause characteristic forms of visual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_field

Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a combination of diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve and may result in vision loss and ... This is a useful database as it has information and data on some of the rarest diseases such as PWS. According to HPO, the ... It is an extremely rare disease with only 0.3% of the world's population known to have this syndrome. In 1907, a British ... It is dependent on the extent of the disease and overgrowth, condition of the patient's heart, if the blood vessels are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkes_Weber_syndrome

Whilst serving in 1997, he lost his sight after contracting a rare disease which destroyed both of his optic nerves. On 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Baxter_(motorcyclist)

... or diseases of the optic-nerve, such as glaucoma. The following week, Mr. Jackson, with Prof. MacLaren, operated on Robin ... The doctorate was for his work on optic-nerve regeneration. As an undergraduate, he also attended courses at Yale University, ... research is undertaken to improve outcomes for conditions relating to the lens and to the optic nerve, such as improved intra- ... It addressed the progress of the disease choroideremia, or choroideraemia, in which a faulty gene, CHM, leads to a loss of REP1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_MacLaren

Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma_surgery

This provides a simple diagnostic test by which to identify LHON, a maternally inherited disease that results in optic nerve ... Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) correlates with a mutation in the MT-ND4 gene in multiple families. The mutation at ... Genome analysis has never been used in MTLE cases and could provide another diagnostic method in the disease. MT-ND4 is ... Variations in the MT-ND4 gene are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT-ND4

Glaucoma is a group of diseases affecting the optic nerve that results in vision loss and is frequently characterized by raised ... Orbital decompression for Grave's Disease. Grave's Disease is a condition (often associated with over-active thyroid problems) ... A cataract is an opacification or cloudiness of the eye's crystalline lens due to aging, disease, or trauma that typically ... A ciliotomy is a surgical section of the ciliary nerves. A conjunctivoanstrostomy is an opening made from the inferior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_surgery

... retinal and optic nerve pathology, corneal diseases and deals with daily examinations of 1200 patients. "EEBA". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorov_Eye_Microsurgery_Complex

... optic nerve disease, and to boost the immune system. In animals, Semax rapidly elevates the levels and expression of brain- ... "Semax in the treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with normalized ophthalmic tone". Vestnik oftalmologii. 117 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semax

... devoted to the clinical and physiological methods of vision correction of retina and optic nerve diseases, became widely known ... Since 2001 till 2011 she was a head of the Eye Disease Department of Pediatrics at Russian State Medical University (now ... Since 1998 till 2001 Nisan was a Head Lecturer of Optometry and Contact Vision correction Course of Vision disease Department ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella_Nisan

... translocation and optic nerve coloboma-renal disease". Journal of Medical Genetics. 34 (3): 213-6. doi:10.1136/jmg.34.3.213. ... optic chiasma development. • optic nerve development. • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. • ... positive regulation of optic nerve formation. • positive regulation of cell proliferation. • optic cup morphogenesis involved ... optic nerve structural organization. • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. • cellular response to epidermal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX2

... a finding observed in several other diseases, and atrophy of the optic nerve. Severe head, chest, or long bone trauma Acute ... or with several non-traumatic systemic diseases. However, the exact cause of the disease is not well understood. There are no ... The disease can threaten vision, sometimes causing temporary or permanent blindness. It is named for the Austrian ... If it is caused by a systemic disease or emboli, then those conditions should be treated. Purtscher's retinopathy can lead to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purtscher's_retinopathy

Optic nerve diseases such as optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis lead to dysfunction in the afferent nerve pathway once the ... Two significant causes of vision loss due to sensory failures include media opacity and optic nerve diseases, although hypoxia ... especially damage to the lingual nerve and the glossopharyngeal nerve. The lingual nerve passes taste for the front two-thirds ... as well as multiple diseases, such as HIV or meningitis, which damage the cochlea and auditory nerve, respectively. Hearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_loss

She studied the pathology of diseases affecting the optic nerve, spleen, brain, and spinal cord, and she examined cases of ... She was one of the first female pathologists and is best known for publishing a description of Canavan disease in 1931. Born in ... Canavan died of Parkinson's disease in 1953. Canavan's research focused on the effects of nervous system damage on the mind and ... "Canavan Disease." Pathology List of pathologists Dr. Myrtelle Canavan, M.D. HMS/HSDM Joint Committee on the Status of Women ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrtelle_Canavan

Rare manifestations include liver inflammation, kidney disease, joint inflammation, periostitis, inflammation of the optic ... nerve, uveitis, and interstitial keratitis. The acute symptoms usually resolve after three to six weeks; about 25% of people ... Committee on Infectious Diseases (2006). Larry K. Pickering, ed. Red book 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases ( ... "Trends in Reportable Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the United States, 2007". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

... tuberculosis and inflammatory conditions involving the optic nerve. His treatise on Basedow's disease was included in the ... He published works on trachoma, operative treatment of myopia, pulsating exophthalmos, Basedow's disease, ... 1909); English translation, Basedow's disease. (1952) Beschreibung eines augenspiegels zur untersuchung der netzhaut im ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Sattler

... studies have shown that in many patients with glaucoma the cause of the disease are perfusion issues of the optic nerve and ... optic nerve compartmentalization and fluctuating diffuse visual field defects. The association of normal tension glaucoma with ... The disease is more prevalent in the following groups of people: in women compared to men, in people with lower blood pressure ... If an identifiable disease does not cause this, it is called a primary vascular dysregulation (PVD); in case of an underlying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammer_syndrome

Additionally, double CDON knock out mice display optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), a prominent feature of septo-optic dysplasia ( ... Disease Models & Mechanisms. 10 (1): 29-37. doi:10.1242/dmm.026195. PMID 27935818. Jeong MH, Kim HJ, Pyun JH, Choi KS, Lee DI, ... "Prenatal ethanol exposure in mice phenocopies Cdon mutation by impeding Shh function in the etiology of optic nerve hypoplasia ... CDON was shown important in restraining the size of the optic stalk and ventral retina in chick embryos. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDON

... colony and served there for some 6 months but was incapacitated by a combination of dysentery and a disease of the optic nerves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Maxwell_(British_Marines_officer)

... visual prosthesis by selective stimulation of the optic nerve in patients with retinal diseases (1998): http://www.ifess.org/ ... Visual field with a resolution of 64 points by selective stimulation of the optic nerve, Zentralbl Neurochir, Suppl 1, 2001 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Werner_Bothe

... in adults and he has developed tests for the diagnosis of eye diseases in infants and of retinal and optic nerve diseases in ... Tyler indicates with geometric reconstructions at his web site Art Optics that the art works under discussion are brilliant ... ". "Art and Optics website". "Christopher Tyler's Art Investigations". Octant-projection (art of geography) Archived 2016-03-04 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Tyler

Canine glaucoma refers to a group of diseases in dogs that affect the optic nerve and involve a loss of retinal ganglion cells ... Untreated glaucoma in dogs leads to permanent damage of the optic nerve and resultant visual field loss, which can progress to ... Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy is necessary to evaluate the retina and particularly the optic nerve. There is no cure for ... Primary glaucomas occur in the absence of other eye disease, and are therefore presumed to be genetic in origin. The most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_glaucoma

"Altered expression of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human glaucomatous optic nerve head astrocytes". Neurobiology of ... Disease. 14 (1): 63-73. doi:10.1016/S0969-9961(03)00101-3. PMID 13678667. Molecular and Cellular Biology portal. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1C1

Adaszewski S1, Dukart J, Kherif F, Frackowiak R, Draganski B; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2013). "How early ... "A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve". J. Physiol. 117 (4 ... can we predict Alzheimer's disease using computational anatomy?". Neurobiol Aging. 34 (12): 2815-26. doi:10.1016/j. ... sciences and computational modeling to quantitatively define and investigate problems in neurological and psychiatric diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ... List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations. References[edit]. *^ a b c Matejcek, A; Goldman, RD (November 2013). " ... The disease incidence varies widely depending on the geographical location. The most extensive epidemiological survey on this ... "Red Book-Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 29th Edition. The American Academy of Pediatrics". Retrieved 2007-07- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_conjunctivitis

Wells, Martin J.; Wells, J. (1972). "Optic glands and the state of the testis in Octopus". Marine Behaviour and Physiology. 1 ( ... Coccidians in the genus Aggregata living in the gut cause severe disease to the host. Octopuses have an innate immune system, ... It contains tetrodotoxin, which causes paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. This causes ... The gonocoel is connected by the gonoduct to the mantle cavity, which it enters at the gonopore.[22] An optic gland creates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopoda

No photoreceptors are found at the blind spot, the area where ganglion cell fibers are collected into the optic nerve and leave ... The workers had tracked down patients with rare diseases wiping out classic rod and cone photoreceptor function but preserving ... The axons of ganglion cells form the two optic nerves. Photoreceptor cells are typically arranged in an irregular but ... ultimately leads to either the transmittance or inhibition of a neural signal that will be fed to the brain via the optic nerve ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

Optic nerve sheath meningioma, Pediatric ependymoma, Pilocytic astrocytoma, Pinealoblastoma, Pineocytoma, Pleomorphic ... Hourigan CS (2006). "The molecular basis of coeliac disease". Clin Exp Med (Review). 6 (2): 53-59. doi:10.1007/s10238-006-0095- ... A bilateral temporal visual field defect (due to compression of the optic chiasm) or dilation of the pupil, and the occurrence ... GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

"Biomedical Optics Express (ഭാഷ: ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 7 (7): 2597-2606. doi:10.1364/BOE.7.002597. ISSN 2156-7085. PMC 4948616. PMID ... "Table 1: Summary of sensory nerve supply". മൂലതാളിൽ നിന്നും February 14, 2013-ന് ആർക്കൈവ് ചെയ്തത്. ശേഖരിച്ചത് July 31, 2016.. ... "Anatomical and physiological aspects of the capillary bed in the bulbar conjunctiva of man in health and disease". Angiology. 6 ... "Human bulbar conjunctival hemodynamics in hemoglobin SS and SC disease". American Journal of Hematology (ഭാഷ: ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്). 88 (8 ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/കൺജങ്റ്റൈവ

Injuries and cataracts affect the eye itself, while abnormalities such as optic nerve hypoplasia affect the nerve bundle that ... Stargardt's disease. *Uveitis: is a group of 30 intraocular inflammatory diseases[44] caused by infections, systemic diseases, ... Glaucoma causes visual field loss as well as severs the optic nerve.[35] Early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in patients ... to the occipital lobe of the brain that prevent the brain from correctly receiving or interpreting signals from the optic nerve ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

Immunodeficiency Diseases (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071621519.. *^ a b Grimbacher B, Holland S, Gallin ... Coloboma of optic nerve. *PAX8 *Congenital hypothyroidism 2. *PAX9 *STHAG3. 3.3. *FOXC1 *Axenfeld syndrome 3 ... Abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis due to decreased production of interferon gamma by T lymphocytes is thought to cause the disease ... U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH): Clinical Research Studies: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperimmunoglobulin_E_syndrome

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/রাতকানা

Sensory cranial and spinal nerves. *Optic (II). *Vestibulocochlear (VIII). *Olfactory (I). *Facial (VII) ... The Merkel nerve endings (also known as Merkel discs) detect sustained pressure. The lamellar corpuscles (also known as ... Mechanosensory free nerve endings detect touch, pressure, stretching, as well as the tickle and itch sensations. Itch ... They are all innervated by Aβ fibers, except the mechanorecepting free nerve endings, which are innervated by Aδ fibers. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor

Coloboma (Coloboma of optic nerve). *Hydrophthalmos. *Norrie disease. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distichia

The drug is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-ulcerative colitis, but not Crohn's disease.[51] There are also ... It is also used for treatment of neuroblastoma, a form of nerve cancer. ... swelling of the optic disk (papilloedema, associated with IIH), photophobia and other visual disturbances.[6] ... It is used to treat harlequin-type ichthyosis, a usually lethal skin disease, and lamellar ichthyosis. It is a retinoid, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin

Eye disease. *Refractive error. *Accommodation. *Physiological Optics. *Visual perception. Authority control *TA98: A12.3. ... Nerve fiber layer. *Ganglion cell layer. *Inner plexiform layer. *Inner nuclear layer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_of_Schlemm

"I think it [religion] is a contagious mental disease. . . . The brain has a need to believe it knows a reason for things.. ... Rapport, Richard L. Nerve Endings: The Discovery of the Synapse. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005. Print. ... Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he laid the foundation of modern optics. Abbe developed numerous optical instruments ... Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896): German physician and physiologist, the discoverer of nerve action potential, and the father ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ... Fabry disease, cystinosis, tyrosine transaminase deficiency, systemic lysosomal storage diseases, and several skin diseases (X- ... Basic&Clinical Science Course; External disease and cornea (2011-2012 ed.). American Academy of Ophthalmology. 2012. ISBN ... Most do not affect other parts of the body, nor are they related to diseases affecting other parts of the eye or body. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_corneal_dystrophies

Neurology works with diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ... specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials) - and somas (the cell bodies of the neurons containing the ... The scientific study of the biological mechanisms that underlie the disorders and diseases of the nervous system. ... Neurosurgery and psychosurgery work primarily with surgical treatment of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_science

Steve Quinn 02:36, 31 March 2010 (UTC) Optics, Electromagnetism, and Physics. ... 2019-08-11: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. *2019-07-27: Catalogue of scientific papers ... 2018-10-02: Muscle & Nerve. *2018-10-02: Genes & Immunity. *2018-09-28: Journal of Gambling Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals

Large deep orbital dermoid cysts can cause pressure effects on the muscles and optic nerve, leading to diplopia and loss of ... but a white/yellow dot instead of the red eye reflex can indicate a tumor or some other kind of eye disease. Any photos of a ... helping to spare healthy tissue and the sensible optic nerves.[18]. *Enucleation of the Eye - Removal of the eye, but the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_neoplasm

Decreased space may also lead to abnormal or missing tear ducts and nerve damage. Reconstructive surgery is usually required in ... Furthermore, this is only possible if the mutation causing the disease has already been identified within the family genome. ... Optic atrophy Refractory errors Small, low-set ears that may be rotated somewhat backwards and has a prominent (bulging) pinna ... or some other disease because the symptoms are so closely related, they literally had no way of differentiating between all of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saethre–Chotzen_syndrome

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ... They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea (Descemet's membrane) as a result of particular liver diseases.[1] They ... The combination of neurological symptoms, a low blood ceruloplasmin level and KF rings is diagnostic of Wilson's disease.[1] ... Kayser-Fleischer rings are a sign of Wilson's disease, which involves abnormal copper handling by the liver resulting in copper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayser–Fleischer_ring

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ... 2015). Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease ... Conjunctivitis is the most common eye disease.[34] Rates of disease is related to the underlying cause which varies by the age ... "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2018-12-07.. *^ "Allergic Conjunctivitis". familydoctor.org. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Eye

Similar to hypertensive retinopathy, evidence of nerve fiber infarcts due to ischemia (cotton-wool spots) can be seen on ... The risks of developing a life-threatening disease affecting the heart or brain increase as the blood flow increases. Commonly ... In the brain, hypertensive encephalopathy - characterized by hypertension, altered mental status, and swelling of the optic ... Other common causes of hypertensive crises are autonomic hyperactivity such as pheochromocytoma, collagen-vascular diseases, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_emergency

C.J.R. Sheppard, A. Choudhury: Image Formation in the Scanning Microscope. In: Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics. 24 ... It used epi-Illumination-reflection microscopy for the observation of nerve tissue. A 5 mW Helium-Neon-Laser with 633 nm light ... Clinically, CLSM is used in the evaluation of various eye diseases, and is particularly useful for imaging, qualitative ... Optics and crystallography[edit]. CLSM is used as the data retrieval mechanism in some 3D optical data storage systems and has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

The orbicularis oculi is a facial muscle; therefore its actions are translated by the facial nerve root. The levator palpebrae ... Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 26 (3): 318-25. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2006.00350.x. PMID 16684158.. ... and disease. The blinking rate is determined by the "blinking center", but it can also be affected by external stimulus. ... Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 28 (4): 345-53. doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2008.00577.x. PMID 18565090.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinking

Various parts of the cerebrum process sensory input, such as smell in the olfactory lobe and sight in the optic lobe, and it is ... The brain sends signals through the spinal cord and nerves to regulate activity in the rest of the body. The pineal body, known ... Venturi, Sebastiano (2014). "Iodine, PUFAs and Iodolipids in Health and Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective". Human Evolution- ... The nervous system is basically the same as in other vertebrates, with a central brain, a spinal cord, and nerves throughout ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian

... whose axons form the optic nerve, are at the front of the retina; therefore the optic nerve must cross through the retina en ... Further information: List of eye diseases and disorders. There are many inherited and acquired diseases or disorders that may ... It has three layers of nerve cells and two of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ... Nerve fiber layer (NFL) Ganglion cell axons travelling towards the optic nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

... because the demyelinating inflammation can affect the optic nerve or spinal cord. Many are idiopathic. Both myelinoclastic and ... A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged.[1] This damage ... Demyelinating diseases are traditionally classified in two kinds: demyelinating myelinoclastic diseases and demyelinating ... Alzheimer's disease, depression, and other diseases affecting the brain. It has also been used to study the metabolism of other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease

Optic nerve. Optic disc. *Optic neuritis *optic papillitis. *Papilledema *Foster Kennedy syndrome ... BCD is a rare disease and appears to be more common in people with Asian ancestry.[4][5][6] ... eye disease named after Dr. G. B. Bietti.[3] ... Bietti's crystalline dystrophy at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bietti's_crystalline_dystrophy

Schilder's disease (two distinct conditions). *Schizencephaly. *Sensory processing disorder. *Septo-optic dysplasia ... Some disorders are in the ICD-10 Chapter VI: Diseases of the nervous system and also in the list of mental disorders. Another ... This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain ... Phytanic acid storage disease. *Pick's disease. *Pinched nerve. *Pituitary tumors. *Polyneuropathy. *PMG ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_neurological_disorders

The increased pressure leads to papilledema, which is swelling of the optic disc, the spot where the optic nerve enters the ... "Archives of Disease in Childhood. 78 (1): 89-94. doi:10.1136/adc.78.1.89. PMC 1717437. PMID 9534686.. ... More rarely, the oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve (third and fourth nerve palsy, respectively) are affected; both play a ... Most commonly, the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye outward. Those ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_Intracranial_Hypertension

... and treatment information for Optic Nerve Diseases (Optic nerve disorder) with alternative diagnoses, full-text book chapters, ... Optic Nerve *Optic Nerve diseases *Optic Nerve disorder *Nerve Diseases *Optic *Nerve *Nerve symptoms (9132 causes) *Nerve ... Treatments for Optic nerve disorder Optic Nerve Diseases: Related Diseases. Optic Nerve Diseases: Optic Nerve Diseases is ... Optic nerve disorder). Treatments for Optic Nerve Diseases (Optic nerve disorder) Treatments for Optic Nerve Diseases (Optic ...

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/optic_nerve_diseases.htm

Meaning of optic nerve diseases. What does optic nerve diseases mean? Information and translations of optic nerve diseases in ... Definition of optic nerve diseases in the Definitions.net dictionary. ... Definitions for optic nerve diseases. Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word optic nerve diseases.. ... Search for Scripts containing the term optic nerve diseases. *Search for Abbreviations containing the term optic nerve diseases ...

https://www.definitions.net/definition/optic%20nerve%20diseases

Nervous System Diseases. Optic Atrophy. Optic Nerve Diseases. Pathological Conditions, Anatomical. Cranial Nerve Diseases. Eye ... Optic Nerve Diseases: Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally ... Damage to optic nerve fibres may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm ... Study the Safety and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Autologous Cells for the Treatment of Optic Nerve Disease (OND). The ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01834079?term=%22High+Blood+Pressure%22&lup_s=04%2F06%2F2013&lup_d=14&show_rss=Y&sel_rss=mod14

Optic Nerve Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences * Vasculitis Medicine & Life Sciences * Visual Pathways Medicine & Life Sciences ... The size and enhancement of various segments of the optic nerve and anterior visual pathways were studied. RESULTS: MR imaging ... The size and enhancement of various segments of the optic nerve and anterior visual pathways were studied. RESULTS: MR imaging ... The size and enhancement of various segments of the optic nerve and anterior visual pathways were studied. RESULTS: MR imaging ...

https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mr-of-vasculitis-induced-optic-neuropathy

... an optic nerve disease that leads to progressive damage, is scary because it usually does not cause any symptoms until its too ... Glaucoma is a family of eye diseases that leads to progressive damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve is a bundle of about ... Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, the Optic Nerve and Macular for Ganglion Cell Analysis are all evaluated. Above Is a Picture of an ... Retinal Photography of the Optic Nerve to monitor any changes over time. Above is a picture of a retinal photo of the optic ...

https://www.roswelleyeclinic.com/specialties/glaucoma/

... eye hospital where he was involved in research dealing with the differentiation of glaucoma from other optic nerve diseases. ... involved in a multi-centre trial investigating the requirements for neuro-imaging in different types of optic nerve diseases. ... involved the treatment of both medical and surgical glaucoma with a focus on inflammatory causes of glaucomatous disease. ...

http://www.metwesteyecentre.com.au/our-team/dr-john-leaney/

... optic nerve diseases of the eye. Meet the best Neuro Ophthalmologists at Dr. Agarwals Eye Hospital, today! ... Diabetic Neuropathy: In this, the optic nerve is damaged due to the excessive blood sugar or diabetes. As the disease ... it could result in Optic Nerve atrophy (death of the optic nerve). Some of the most common signs of Optic Nerve Dysfunction ... Although each of them attacks the optic nerve in a different way, the final outcome is eventually the death of the optic nerve ...

http://www.dragarwal.com/specialties/neuro-opthalmology-treatment/

... physiology and diseases of the eye. Submissions should focus on focusing on new diagnostic and surgical techniques, instrument ... Clinical Applications of the Photopic Negative Response to Optic Nerve and Retinal Diseases. Shigeki Machida ... Y. Gotoh, S. Machida, and Y. Tazawa, "Selective loss of the photopic negative response in patients with optic nerve atrophy," ... "Photopic negative response of full-field and focal macular electroretinograms in patients with optic nerve atrophy," Japanese ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/joph/2012/397178/ref/

Also Known As: Optic Neuropathy; Optic Nerve Disease; Cranial Nerve II Disorder; Neural-Optical Lesion; Disk Disorder, Optic ... Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm ... Optic Neuritis (Retrobulbar Neuritis) Show All ,, Key Therapies for Optic Nerve Diseases. Efficacy Chart ,, * Decompression : ... Optic Nerve Diseases (Optic Neuropathy) Summary Description: Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second ...

http://curehunter.com/m/keywordSummaryD009901.do

... optic nerve, and nerve fiber layer (NFL) differently from other instruments.1Newer... ... Optic Nerve Optical Coherence Tomography Optic Disc Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Optic Nerve Head These keywords were added by ... because some optic nerve pathologies have macular complications, but also because many retinal conditions may mimic optic nerve ... Karam E.Z., Hedges T.R., Mendoza C.E. (2009) Clinical Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in Optic Nerve Disease. In: ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-68987-6_19

Examination of optic nerve peripapillary vasculature in uveitic disease through optical coherence tomography angiography. ... Examination of optic nerve peripapillary vasculature in uveitic disease through optical coherence tomography angiography. ... 2015;122(3):511-7]. The primary aim of this study was to analyze optic nerve peripapillary vasculature in uveitic disease using ... Conclusions : OCTA provides useful information about optic nerve health in uveitic disease. Future studies aim to compare ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2639819

NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects the optic ... FDA Approves New Therapy for Rare Disease Affecting Optic Nerve, Spinal Cord Second FDA Approved Therapy for Neuromyelitis ... Thread: FDA Approves New Therapy for Rare Disease Affecting Optic Nerve, Spinal Cord ... NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Uplizna ...

https://msworld.org/forum/showthread.php?146316-FDA-Approves-New-Therapy-for-Rare-Disease-Affecting-Optic-Nerve-Spinal-Cord&s=49dbbbbe9dee3b3dc606c35dc9d4a9cd&p=1526517

B. D. Lima, J. D. Perry, C. Lewis; CT Scan Evidence of Optic Nerve Dysfunction in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease. Invest. ... CT Scan Evidence of Optic Nerve Dysfunction in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease ... CT Scan Evidence of Optic Nerve Dysfunction in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease ... specificity for the presence of optic nerve dysfunction. Increased muscle index was also related to optic neuropathy (mean 57.9 ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2372543

Your Name) has sent you a message from Disease Models & Mechanisms Message Body (Your Name) thought you would like to see the ... The optic nerve exits the eye through the optic disc, which forms at the juncture of the optic stalk and cup. ONH can arise ... E-H) Quantification of (E) optic nerve diameter, (F) axial length of eye, (G) axial width of eye, and (H) optic nerve diameter ... To assess the embryos for ONH, the diameter of the optic nerve was measured at the level of the optic disc. Cdon−/− embryos ...

http://dmm.biologists.org/content/10/1/29?rss=1

Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of ... "Retinal and optic nerve degeneration in α-mannosidosis, ... 2). optic nerve atrophy. Two patients had partial optic nerve ... 1); of these, two with nerve head (Fig. 2). optic nerve atrophy. Two patients had partial optic nerve atrophy with no retinal ... Retinal and optic nerve degeneration in α-mannosidosis. Retinal and optic nerve degeneration in α-mannosidosis Matlach, Juliane ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/retinal-and-optic-nerve-degeneration-in-mannosidosis-Ist9isSjXz

... optic nerve atrophy was seen in six patients (18.8%); of these, four with partial atrophy. Two patients had partial optic nerve ... However, retinal and optic nerve degeneration have been rarely described. We report ocular findings of 32 patients with α- ... two with optic nerve atrophy. Eight retinal images could be obtained by OCT or fundus photography; of these, six showed ... to opacities of the cornea and lens or strabismus and ocular motility disorders but tapeto-retinal degeneration and optic nerve ...

https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-018-0829-z

The International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. Copyright 1999-2019, International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. ... The International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. P. O. Box 777, Cornwall NY 12518, USA.. Phone/Fax: (845)5348606. Email: ... IFOND does not publish all information from all available sources on optic nerve disease. IFOND is not responsible for the ... This will not only help as a marker of the disease to predict who is about to go blind, but as an outcome measure for future ...

http://ifond.org/projects2006.php3

The International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. Copyright 1999-2019, International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. ... The International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease. P. O. Box 777, Cornwall NY 12518, USA.. Phone/Fax: (845)5348606. Email: ... IFOND does not publish all information from all available sources on optic nerve disease. IFOND is not responsible for the ... Ethambutol An anti tuberculosis drug known to cause toxic optic nerve disease. ...

http://ifond.org/dict_e.php3

... was diagnosed in an infant in whom a progressive neurological disorder and optic atrophy developed. At autopsy, ultr ... Optic Nerve in Globoid Leukodystrophy (Krabbes Disease): Ultrastructural Changes. Seymour Brownstein, MD; Kathleen Meagher- ... Optic Nerve in Globoid Leukodystrophy (Krabbes Disease): Ultrastructural Changes. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978;96(5):864-870. doi: ... Thinning of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers of the retina appeared to be due to retrograde degeneration of the optic ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/632595

Particularly in patients over 40 years of age, disturbances of perfusion at the optic nerve head and retina are a frequent ... As the most important disease entities, we must distinguish between ischemic optic neuropathy and arterial and venous perfusion ... PURPOSE: Primary open angle glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy affecting millions of people worldwide and represents a ...

http://isharonline.org/tags/optic-nerve-diseases

Optic atrophy is seen as early as 5 years of age but may be congenital in origin as hypoplasia of the optic nerve was present ... Cortical visual impairment has been diagnosed although atrophic optic fundi and hypotrophic optic nerves and fovea have also ... The optic nerves and chiasm are frequently absent or hypoplastic as seen on the MRI. ERG and VEP responses are inconsistent but ... A brain MRI showed hypoplasia of the optic nerves and chiasm. A 9 month old female from another family had severe ...

https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/category/clinical-features/optic-nerve-hypoplasia

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Papilledema, Optic Neuropathy, Optic Atrophy in Gurgaon, Delhi-NCR. ... Dr Digvijay Singh is best eye specialist for optic nerve disease in children like Optic Neuritis, ... Optic nerve disease in children. What is the optic nerve?. Optic nerve is a group of nerve fibres which carry signal from the ... What are the acquired optic nerve diseases in children?. - Optic neuritis refers to inflammation of the optic nerve often in ...

http://drdigvijaysingh.com/eye-diseases/pediatric-ophthalmology/optic-nerve-diseases-in-children/

Lebers Optic Neuropathy Explains the hereditary nature of the disease, and provides FAQ and details of current research. ... Lebers Optic Neuropathy The Scottish Sensory Centre provides an outline of the condition, as well as explaining how affected ... Leber Optic Atrophy The National Center for Biotechnology Information provides details of the genetic components, and a ... Lebers Optic Neuropathy. 3. Address directorium Health Conditions and Diseases Eye Disorders Optic Nerve. ...

http://www.inter.rs/kategorije/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Eye_Disorders/Optic_Nerve/Leber%27s_Optic_Neuropathy/

The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and retinal diseases. Together they form a unique fingerprint. * Optic Nerve Diseases ... Keltner, JL & Thirkill, CE 1999, The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and retinal diseases, Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol ... Keltner, John L ; Thirkill, Charles E. / The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and retinal diseases. In: Journal of Neuro- ... Keltner, J. L., & Thirkill, C. E. (1999). The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and retinal diseases. Journal of Neuro- ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-22-kda-antigen-in-optic-nerve-and-retinal-diseases

... some optic nerve diseases but neuro-ophthalmologists are often best suited to diagnose and treat diseases of the optic nerve. ... Other optic nerve problems are less common. Optic nerve hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of the optic nerve resulting in ... Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is commonly known as "stroke of the optic nerve" and affects the optic nerve head (where the ... Disease[edit]. Main article: List of eye diseases and disorders. Damage to the optic nerve typically causes permanent and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve

The role of the Met98Lys optineurin variant in inherited optic nerve diseases.. Craig JE1, Hewitt AW, Dimasi DP, Howell N, ... The role of the Met98Lys optineurin variant in inherited optic nerve diseases ... autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA) and Lebers hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=22855

... resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Coloboma of optic nerve ... Coloboma of optic nerve Title Other Names:. Optic nerve head pits, bilateral congenital; Congenital coloboma of the optic nerve ... Diseases expand submenu for Diseases * Browse A-Z * Find Diseases By Category expand submenu for Find Diseases By Category * ... Coloboma of the optic nerve is a congenital. eye abnormality in which the optic nerve (which carries images of what the eye ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=cluster&id=27669

... and optic nerve. Glaucoma is a common degenerative disease affecting (RGC) and optic nerve axons, with modern and chronic ... RGC) and the optic nerve axons, with progressive and chronic course. It is one of the most important reasons of blindness in ... influencing the optic nerve and its retinal materials and leading to a intensifying reduction of eyesight if neglected. ... Five medicinal classes are presently used in the treatment of this disease: beta-blockers, prostanoid analogs, alpha-agonists, ...

http://angiogenesis-blog.com/2018/02/10/glaucoma-is-a-common-degenerative-disease-affecting-rgc-and-optic-nerve/

Clinical trials for retinal disease, cornea transplant, strabismus, glaucoma and Fuchs dystrophy. ... Evaluating Optic Nerve Disease with OCT Angiography. Rochester, Minn.. The purpose of this study is to determine if optical ... rate of disease progression, poor response to treatment, and large IOP fluctuation. Our purpose of this research project is ... coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is able to distinguish different causes of optic neuropathy. ...

http://www.mayo.edu/research/departments-divisions/department-ophthalmology-research/clinical-trials?Page=2&cItems=10

Optic Nerve Diseases. Optic Neuritis. Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic. Pathologic Processes. Cranial Nerve Diseases. Nervous System ... Optic Nerve Disorders Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Optic Neuritis Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ... The participant has systemic inflammatory or infectious disease associated with optic neuropathy or ocular disease. ... Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Drug: RPh201 Other: Placebo ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03547206

Optic nerve diseases (2). * Risk factors (2). * Adipocytes (1). Date Choose a date option to show results from those dates ... Cell Death & Disease 7 , e2101-e2101 Rights & permissionsfor article Angiopoietin 2 induces astrocyte apoptosis via ,i,α,/i,v,i ... Predicting the risk of parafoveal scotoma in myopic normal tension glaucoma: role of optic disc tilt and rotation *M S Sung ... Retinal ganglion cell and axonal loss in optic neuritis: risk factors and visual functions *T H Lee ...

http://www.nature.com/search?author=%22S%20W%20Park%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=91a41439-ba5f-4e8f-b8de-b2e1a26d7498

Retinal and optic nerve diseases are degenerative ocular pathologies which lead to irreversible visual loss. Since the advanced ... This paper reviews the latest progress of MSCs in human clinical trials for retinal and optic nerve diseases. ... Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in retinal and optic nerve diseases: An update of clinical trials. ... have been taken regarding the use of cell therapy in patients with neurodegenerative pathologies of optic nerve and retina. ...

http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/21595

ATROPHIA OPTIC NERVE RESPONSE DURATION OSCILLATION PUPIL MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS EYE DISEASE EXPLORATION EYE MOVEMENT HUMAN ... EDGE-LIGHT PUPIL CYCLE TIME AND OPTIC NERVE DISEASE. Author. HAMILTON W; DREWRY RD JR. UNIV. TENNESSEE CENT. HEALTH SCI./ ... "EDGE-LIGHT PUPIL CYCLE TIME AND OPTIC NERVE DISEASE;s:8:\u0000*\u0000place;s:0:;s:6:\u0000*\u0000pub;s:0:;s: ... "EDGE-LIGHT PUPIL CYCLE TIME AND OPTIC NERVE DISEASE;s:8:\u0000*\u0000place;s:0:;s:6:\u0000*\u0000pub;s:0:;s: ...

https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCAL83X0488707

The variation of human contrast sensitivity with age and optic nerve disease. / Nakayama, M.; Tobimatsu, S.; Tashima-Kurita, S ... title = "The variation of human contrast sensitivity with age and optic nerve disease", ... T1 - The variation of human contrast sensitivity with age and optic nerve disease ... The variation of human contrast sensitivity with age and optic nerve disease. ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/the-variation-of-human-contrast-sensitivity-with-age-and-optic-ne

Glaucoma is a family of eye diseases that leads to progressive damage to the optic nerve. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
People with glaucoma loose optic nerve tissue, which eventually results in vision loss. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
Normal Tensive Glaucoma occurs when eye pressure remains within the "normal" range (under 21mmHg), but the optic nerve is damaged nevertheless. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
People with low-tension glaucoma have an abnormally sensitive optic nerve. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
Secondary glaucoma is a type of glaucoma resulting from an injury or other eye disease. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
Glaucoma Suspect is someone whom the eye doctor is concerned may have or may develop glaucoma because of an elevated pressure inside the eyes or an optic never with a suspect appearance. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
Ocular Hypertension occurs when an intraocular pressure of greater than 21 mm Hg is measured in one or both eyes, but the optic nerves appear normal and no signs of glaucoma are evident on visual field testing. (roswelleyeclinic.com)
Since not everyone with high eye pressure will develop glaucoma, ocular hypertension should not be considered a disease by itself. (roswelleyeclinic.com)

PURPOSE: To describe the MR characteristics of optic neuropathy caused by vasculitis. (elsevier.com)
METHODS: Nine cases of optic neuropathy with diagnosis of vasculitis (six with systemic lupus erythematosis and one each with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren disease, and radiation vasculitis) were reviewed retrospectively. (elsevier.com)
CONCLUSION: Because the MR enhancement seen represents disruption of the blood-brain barrier within the optic nerve, MR imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine and fat suppression should be performed to detect increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier in acute optic neuropathy. (elsevier.com)

RESULTS: MR imaging with contrast material showed enhancement and enlargement of segments of the optic nerves and/or chiasm in six of the nine patients (all but three with systemic lupus erythematosis). (elsevier.com)

The optic nerve is a bundle of about 1 million individual nerve fibers that transmits the visual signals from the eye to the brain. (roswelleyeclinic.com)

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, the Optic Nerve and Macular for Ganglion Cell Analysis are all evaluated. (roswelleyeclinic.com)

What rhymes with optic nerve diseases ? (definitions.net)

The size and enhancement of various segments of the optic nerve and anterior visual pathways were studied. (elsevier.com)

This increase in pressure may cause progressive damage to the optic nerve. (roswelleyeclinic.com)

This is a Single arm, Single centre trial to check the safety and efficacy of bone marrow derived autologous mono nuclear cell(100 millions per dose )clinical trial to be conducted for 36 months in patients with optic nerve diseases. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Reduction of oscillatory potentials and photopic negative response in patients with autosomal dominant optic atrophy with OPA1 mutations," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 820-824, 2007. (hindawi.com)
Disc excavation in dominant optic atrophy. (springer.com)
of these, two with optic nerve atrophy. (deepdyve.com)
Two patients had partial optic nerve atrophy with no retinal abnormalities on funduscopy. (deepdyve.com)
Conclusion: Ocular pathologies are not exclusively confined to opacities of the cornea and lens or strabismus and ocular motility disorders but tapeto-retinal degeneration and optic nerve atrophy may be a common feature in α-mannosidosis. (deepdyve.com)
However, only recently, retinal abnormal- ities and optic nerve atrophy have been described in a few 1st presentation 0.56 ± 0.28 (0.04-1.00) case reports and confirmed by electrophysiology or optical Last presentation 0.60 ± 0.25 (0.10-1.00) coherence tomography (OCT) as fundus biomicroscopy ERT with velmanase alfa 7 (21.9%) only reveals subtle retinal changes [9, 10]. (deepdyve.com)
However, only recently, retinal abnormalities and optic nerve atrophy have been described in a few case reports and confirmed by electrophysiology or optical coherence tomography (OCT) as fundus biomicroscopy only reveals subtle retinal changes [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Globoid leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) was diagnosed in an infant in whom a progressive neurological disorder and optic atrophy developed. (jamanetwork.com)
Hereditary optic atrophy are diseases in which the optic disc loses nerve fibres and neuroretinal rim becomes pale. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
These present in first decade of life with progressive vision loss and optic atrophy. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
They often have a family history of optic atrophy (pale optic disc) in the parents and grandparents. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Hereditary optic atrophy. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Optic neuropathy/atrophy may sometimes occur in the absence of genetic defects due to various conditions. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Leber Optic Atrophy The National Center for Biotechnology Information provides details of the genetic components, and a description of clinical features. (inter.rs)
Six displayed features of optic atrophy. (elsevier.com)
All the patients had either an abnormal electroretinogram or optic atrophy. (elsevier.com)
Note bilateral optic atrophy and macular exudate in OD. (scielo.br)
Colour fundus photograph of the left optic disc showing optic nerve pallor in a patient with dominant optic atrophy and OPA1 gene mutation. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Autosomal dominant optic atrophy is the commonest inherited optic neuropathy. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Optic atrophy may also be referred to as optic nerve head pallor because of the pale appearance of the optic nerve head as seen at the back of the eye . (factbites.com)
Optic nerve involvement in Behçet's disease is rare, typically presenting as progressive optic atrophy and visual loss. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Optic nerve atrophy has been identified as the most common cause of visual impairment. (wikipedia.org)
Papilledema as a result of dural sinus thrombosis [6] and atrophy resulting from retinal disease, have been characterized as secondary causes of optic nerve atrophy in Behçet's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Progressive optic atrophy may result in decreased visual acuity or color vision. (wikipedia.org)
Scallop shaped pupils due to sector atrophy of the iris are seen sometimes in amyloidosis and neuropathy of short ciliary nerves. (prezi.com)

Optical coherence tomography of superior segmental optic hypoplasia. (springer.com)
Mouse embryos with mutations in the Shh co-receptor, Cdon , were treated in utero with ethanol or saline at embryonic day 8 (E8.0) and evaluated for optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), a prominent feature of SOD. (biologists.org)
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that is diagnosed on the presence of at least two of the following conditions: optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), hypopituitarism and absence of the septum pellucidum ( Webb and Dattani, 2010 ). (biologists.org)
Microphthalmia and optic nerve hypoplasia with "blindness" seem to be common. (arizona.edu)
Optic nerve hypoplasia is evident on brain MRIs. (arizona.edu)
Optic nerve hypoplasia is present in some individuals. (arizona.edu)
- Optic Nerve Hypoplasia results from an insult during early pregnancy and presents with a disc which is small and pale. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
He was taken to an ophthalmology department and was diagnosed with optic nerve hypoplasia. (chinastemcell.com.cn)
After the admission he received related examinations and was diagnosed with Optic nerve hypoplasia. (chinastemcell.com.cn)
A case of topless disc syndrome (superior segmental optic hypoplasia). (harvard.edu)
Hypoplasia of the optic disc is a " smaller " disc that carries fewer axons than normal and may be associated with poor visual acuity, field defect, strabismus. (factbites.com)
Optic disc hypoplasia and is seen with particular frequency in children of diabetic mothers (may be familial) with maternal drug use (alcohol, phenytoin, quinine, LSD, PCP), and with maternal infections (e.g. (factbites.com)
Optic nerve hypoplasia is frequently associated with systemic conditions--some of them serious-- CNS abnormalities like hypopituitarism, agenesis of the septum pellucidum, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, head/face anomalies, deafness, chondrodysplasia, heart disease and trisomy 18. (factbites.com)

What are the hereditary optic nerve disorders in children? (drdigvijaysingh.com)
This may have ramifications for the use of hormone therapy in the treatment of eye disease and of retinal disorders in particular. (frontiersin.org)
This new approach recognizes early retinal, macular and optic disc disorders, and is becoming a part of the standard care in everyday practice in ophthalmology. (seeos.eu)
Sensitivity data were obtained by evaluating patients within the Ocular Disease and Special Testing Service at the UEC with known central retinal and/or optic nerve disorders (CD subjects). (hindawi.com)
Part two then dives into the clinical application of electrophysiology of vision, and subsequently summarizes the characteristics of the electrophysiological signals in a number of disorders of retina and optic nerve. (springer.com)
The investigators hope to gain a clearer understanding of what goes wrong at the most basic level in these diseases that cause blindness and other disorders. (emaxhealth.com)
eye movement disorders, and systemic disease of the eye. (google.com)
This chapter discusses the outpatient management of dementia, with a major focus on Alzheimer disease (AD) and other irreversible dementing disorders. (springer.com)

My primary research interest is the pathophysiology of hereditary retinal and optic nerve diseases. (cardiff.ac.uk)
The condition may result from vitamin A deficiency, disease, or hereditary factors. (thefreedictionary.com)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a relatively new technology that provides information about the retina, optic nerve, and nerve fiber layer (NFL) differently from other instruments. (springer.com)
Imaging congenital optic disc pits and associated maculopathy using optical coherence tomography. (springer.com)
Optical coherence tomography in optic disc pit maculopathy treated by the macular buckling procedure. (springer.com)
Rutledge BK, Puliafito CA, Duker JS, Hee MR, Cox MS. Optical coherence tomography of macular lesions associated with optic nerve head pits. (springer.com)
Optical coherence tomography shows increased nerve fiber layer thickness in pseudo- and mild papilledema. (springer.com)
Examination of optic nerve peripapillary vasculature in uveitic disease through optical coherence tomography angiography. (arvojournals.org)
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) noninvasively provides information about optic nerve health. (arvojournals.org)
Previous studies have shown that optical coherence tomography (OCT) alone is unreliable when assessing optic nerve health in uveitis, due to edematous changes during inflammation [Moore et al, Ophthalmology. (arvojournals.org)
Optic nerve images of 21 patients (35 eyes) were imaged using optical coherence tomography angiography (Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA). Descriptive data including gender, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure was obtained. (arvojournals.org)
For the first time, we were able to apply new technology in the form of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in the quantification of retinal nerve fiber thickening and losses. (ifond.org)
Additionally, optical coherence tomography (OCT RS-3000 Lite, NIDEK Corporation, Tokyo, JP) measurement of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, and Humprey visual field testing (Carl-Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) were also performed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides in vivo cellular imaging on a near histologic scale with precision at the level of microns, the retina can act as a biomarker for central nervous system disease. (healio.com)
The aim of this study was to compare the asymmetrical light reflex of the control subjects and patients with optic nerve disease and to evaluate the relationships among the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), visual acuity (VA), central critical fusion frequency (CFF), ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT), and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (cpRNFLT) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. (dovepress.com)

Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. (rightdiagnosis.com)
- Myelinated Nerve Fibers are the persistence of whitish appearing nerve sheath (at the optic disc) which is normally absent. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
As a consequence, the fibers of the optic nerve are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes , rather than Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system , and are encased within the meninges . (wikipedia.org)
The fibers from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex . (wikipedia.org)
Each human optic nerve contains between 770,000 and 1.7 million nerve fibers, [3] which are axons of the retinal ganglion cells of one retina. (wikipedia.org)
The optic nerve leaves the orbit (eye socket) via the optic canal , running postero-medially towards the optic chiasm , where there is a partial decussation (crossing) of fibers from the temporal visual fields (the nasal hemi-retina) of both eyes. (wikipedia.org)
There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53% of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. (wikipedia.org)
From the lateral geniculate body, fibers of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The capillaries run along relatively long straight paths and are limited to the posterior pole where they seem to be associated highly with the superficial nerve fibers. (seeos.eu)
It is a disorder that damages the optic nerve, the transmission line of 1 million+ nerve fibers that sends pictures from the eye to the brain. (adorahills.com)
The nerve fibers are held together and supported within the funiculus by delicate connective tissue, called the endoneurium. (statemaster.com)
To be included in the study, participants had to have a delay in transmission time beyond 118 milliseconds in at least one eye and had to have evidence that they had an adequate number of nerve fibers to reinsulate. (medindia.net)

NTG was diagnosed based on a clinical examination showing a normal IOP (corrected for corneal thickness), thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, optic nerve damage, and characteristic glaucomatous visual field defects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The paper presents young female patient with bilateral optic nerve drusen and progressive visual field defects (scotomas), which implies topical hypotensive therapy. (intechopen.com)

C. H. Moon, S. C. Hwang, Y. H. Ohn, and T. K. Park, "The time course of visual field recovery and changes of retinal ganglion cells after optic chiasmal decompression," Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , vol. 52, pp. 7966-7973, 2011. (hindawi.com)
Keltner, JL & Thirkill, CE 1999, ' The 22-kDa antigen in optic nerve and retinal diseases ', Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology , vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 71-83. (elsevier.com)
Our goal is to stabilize, better diagnose, and find cures for common eye diseases, so that we can help not just our patients, but patients globally as well," said Jeffrey Goldberg, MD, PhD, professor and chair of ophthalmology at Stanford, noting that some 1.3 billion people worldwide suffer from vision impairment. (stanford.edu)
Veterinary Ophthalmology, Fifth Edition is a fully updated version of the gold-standard reference for diseases and treatment of the animal eye in veterinary medicine. (ecampus.com)
The book retains its classic structure, with sections on basic vision sciences, the foundations of clinical ophthalmology, canine ophthalmology, and special ophthalmology, which encompasses specific coverage of most commonly treated species and chapters on neuro-ophthalmology and systemic diseases. (ecampus.com)
With the findings signaling that many Americans may not be defending themselves against diabetes-related vision loss, the American Academy of Ophthalmology is sharing information about diabetic eye disease and dilated eye exams to encourage those with diabetes to take proactive steps to protect their vision. (prnewswire.com)
According to data reported by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, in the developing world, between 5 and 25% of eye diseases are causing blindness in the population. (emaxhealth.com)
Elias I. Traboulsi is Head of the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and the Director of the Center for Genetic Eye Diseases at The Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute. (google.com)

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is a congenital disorder characterized by optic nerve, pituitary and midline brain malformations. (biologists.org)
Coloboma of the optic nerve is a congenital eye abnormality in which the optic nerve (which carries images of what the eye sees to the brain) is incompletely formed. (cdc.gov)
Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) represent congenital anomaly, which is a form of calcium degeneration of optic nerve head axons. (intechopen.com)
Optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) represent the congenital, developmental anomaly of the second cranial nerve. (intechopen.com)
The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. (wikipedia.org)

Ophthalmoscopy revealed the absence of vitreous cellularity (score 0 in the grading of vitreous haze proposed by the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature), pallor of both optic nerves, and macular exudate in OD ( Figure 1 ). (scielo.br)

Metabolomic analysis of serum, plasma and urine has revealed panels of metabolites that distinguish patients with cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes from control patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting the growing aging population today, with prevalence expected to rise over the next 35 years. (frontiersin.org)
The growth in life expectancy and the developing aging population has led to the increased prevalence of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). (frontiersin.org)
In this installment of Practical Retina, Dilraj S. Grewal, MD , and Sharon Fekrat, MD , both of Duke Eye Center, provide a timely update on the use of OCT imaging in the detection of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's, dementia, and Parkinson's disease. (healio.com)
There is expected to be a considerable increase in the incidence of neurodegenerativediseases such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). (healio.com)
Alzheimer's clinical trials thus far have failed to reach primary endpoints, and the clinical and research community recognizes that a better understanding of the pathophysiology and treating at earlier stages of these diseases are the roads forward for effective therapeutic intervention. (healio.com)
Origin of the distinction between Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia: How history can clarify nosology. (springer.com)
Factors associated with duration of survival in Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
Nonverbal communication in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (springer.com)
Neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease: Pattern of impairment and rates of progression. (springer.com)

By reducing intraocular pressure, the compression to the optic nerve axons decreases, thus improving perfusion of the optic nerve head. (intechopen.com)

You can't feel it, but this disease damages your optic nerve. (webmd.com)

Papilledema is swelling of the optic disc secondary to raised pressure in the brain (intracranial pressure). (drdigvijaysingh.com)
The elevation of the optic disc with drusen may be mistaken for papilledema , which is swelling of the optic nerve from high pressure in the brain. (factbites.com)
Optic nerve sheath decompression is the second form of surgery used in the management of patients with severe vision loss from papilledema(ibid). (factbites.com)
Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth (abducens) nerve palsy, papilledema can be differentiated from papillitis if esotropia and loss of abduction are also present. (wikipedia.org)

Genetically, optic nerve head drusen are inherited in autosomal dominant (AD) type of inheritance with variable penetration. (intechopen.com)

We show that both Cdon −/− mutation and prenatal ethanol exposure independently cause ONH through a similar pathogenic mechanism that involves selective inhibition of Shh signaling in retinal progenitor cells, resulting in their premature cell-cycle arrest, precocious differentiation and failure to properly extend axons to the optic nerve. (biologists.org)
The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells . (wikipedia.org)
[4] Most of the axons of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex, while other axons terminate in the pretectal nucleus and are involved in reflexive eye movements. (wikipedia.org)
RGC) and the optic nerve axons, with progressive and chronic course. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
This is a form of calcium degeneration of the axons of the optic nerve head (ONH). (intechopen.com)

Diagnosis may be difficult due the lack of symptoms in early stages of disease. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
It also potentially improves disease management and quality of life for AD patients, as an earlier diagnosis allows initiation of medication and treatment. (frontiersin.org)
A robust, relatively low-cost, and patient-friendly biomarker for early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, perhaps even before clinical symptomatology, is therefore currently a large unmet need. (healio.com)
These courses form the foundation for the more advanced study of clinical medicine, systemic and ocular pathological processes, and the diagnosis, treatment, and management of ocular disease. (neco.edu)

Note the swollen optic disc with haemorrhages and white deposits. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
swollen optic nerves? (steadyhealth.com)

Fiber tracts of the mammalian central nervous system (as opposed to the peripheral nervous system) are incapable of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. (wikipedia.org)
In the U.S., blindness due to infection is rare, but worldwide diseases like trachoma and onchocerciasis are relatively common causes of severe visual impairment. (thefreedictionary.com)
While 'diabetic eye disease' is often used, people may be unaware that this term encompasses a number of diseases and conditions that can cause blindness if left untreated. (prnewswire.com)

This is a Single arm, Single centre trial to check the safety and efficacy of bone marrow derived autologous mono nuclear cell(100 millions per dose )clinical trial to be conducted for 36 months in patients with optic nerve diseases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Two α-mannosidosis phenotypes have been described based on clinical severity: a severe infantile form (type I) characterized by early death due to rapid progressive central nervous system involvement and a milder phenotype with a slower disease progression and survival into adulthood (type II) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We discuss the pathogenesis of the clinical and pathological ocular findings, with regard to the inherited absence of the enzyme galactocerebroside β-galactosidase and the accumulation in the optic nerve and brain of its substrates, galactocerebroside and psychosine. (jamanetwork.com)
My goals are aimed at developing a deeper understanding of inherited eye disease and ultimately utilising my position as a clinical ophthalmologist to drive the application of translational research in this area. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Clinical understanding of the disease is poor, although we have clinical and some pathological evidence that retinal ganglion cells are deficient in the eyes of patients. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Diagnostic investigations are limited, and physicians rely on clinical examination and exclusion of differential diagnoses that may cause cognitive impairment, such as depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), hypothyroidism, drug interactions, and vitamin deficiencies ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Illustrates the techniques of clinical electrophysiology of vision and the applications of different recording tests for varying diseases. (springer.com)
Handbook of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision is designed to aid the readers in understanding the types of electrophysiologic tests that should be used in specific diseases, how to explain the results of these exams, and how to perform the tests of clinical electrophysiology of vision. (springer.com)
Concise in format, the Handbook of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision is divided into two sections that discuss a wide range of relevant topics, such as technology of electroretinography, electrooculography, visual evoked potential, characteristics of electroretinography in retinal diseases, and the characteristics of optic nerve diseases. (springer.com)
The new edition remains grounded in a sound clinical approach to the patient with a genetic disease that affects the eye. (google.com)
Each chapter emphasizes the clinical aspects of disease, tying them to the underlying molecular mechanisms and outlining current therapy. (google.com)

SCOTS utilizes autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of optic nerve and retinal diseases. (nih.gov)

Thinning of the nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers of the retina appeared to be due to retrograde degeneration of the optic nerve related to the abnormal metabolism of myelin. (jamanetwork.com)

The damage to the optic nerve is usually caused by elevated pressure in the eye. (prnewswire.com)

Juxtapapillary subretinal pigment epithelial polypoid pseudocysts associated with unilateral tilted optic disc. (springer.com)
The eye and pituitary develop in close proximity to the source of SHH in the anterior hypothalamus and depend on this signal for formation of the optic disc, from where the optic nerve exits the eye, and for coordinating pituitary morphogenesis. (biologists.org)
It is visible at the back of the eye as the optic disc which is a well-defined circular/slightly vertically oval structure in the fundus with a well-defined cup and a healthy pink neuroretinal rim surrounding it. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Most diseases of the optic nerve present as a change in the appearance of this disc. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Morning Glory Disc Anomaly occurs from maldevelopment of optic stalk in the fetus. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
The optic disc resembles a morning glory flower with an excavation covered with white glial tissue and multiple blood vessels. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Tilted disc syndrome, optic disc pit and optic disccoloboma are other abnormalities. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
Myelinated Nerve Fibres: Note the feathery fluffy white fibres at the optic disc. (drdigvijaysingh.com)
it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus , pretectal nuclei , and superior colliculus . (wikipedia.org)
ISNT rule assessment was performed by measuring the rim width with stereoscopic optic disc photographs using ImageJ software. (nih.gov)
It is useful for detection the optic nerve vascular diseases and offers us the opportunity to expand our knowledge of the physiology of the optic disc. (seeos.eu)
In a glaucomatous eye we can notice in the angiogram the decreasing blood flow with the drop-outs in the superior, temporal and inferior peripapillary parts of the optic disc. (seeos.eu)
Jastrzembski B, Torun N. A 45-year-old man with unilateral optic disc edema and vision loss. (harvard.edu)
Optic disc drusen are abnormal deposits of protein-like material in the optic disc - the front part of the optic nerve. (factbites.com)
Optic disc drusen are usually not visible at birth and are rarely found in infants and children. (factbites.com)
Optic disc edema results primarily because of axoplasmic stasis, or slowed cellular conduction along the nerve. (factbites.com)
Malinserted discs , congenitally full discs (seen often in hypermetropes), or especially buried drusen may sometimes be mistaken for optic disc edema, even though all are non-pathological conditions. (factbites.com)
Optic disc colobomas are often quite dramatic in appearance and once were considered to be mutilations of the disc . (factbites.com)
When examining the back of the eye , a portion of the optic nerve called the optic disc can be seen. (factbites.com)
A compelling case report that demonstrates the value of the careful use of these current technologies is one of optic disc drusen in a 55-year-old white female, who recently presented for her annual comprehensive eye and vision examination. (factbites.com)
an isolated ODD was visually noted deep in the optic disc tissue at the five o'clock position. (factbites.com)
In the optic nerve head analysis for the left eye , I noted a substantial optic disc drusen-related elevation in each meridian of the optic nerve scan. (factbites.com)

Roh S, Noecker RJ, Schumman J, Hedges TR III, Weiter JJ, Mattox C. Effect of optic nerve head drusen on nerve fiber layer thickness. (springer.com)
Ocakoglu O, Ustundag C, Koyluoglu N, Oguz V, Kendiroglu G, Ozkan S. Long term follow-up of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes with optic nerve head drusen. (springer.com)
We also noted retinal nerve fiber layer swelling that could be documented photographically or by GDx and that reflected itself in subtle visual field changes. (ifond.org)
OCT detected the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer and found out the organisation of them. (seeos.eu)
We can compare the angiography, vessel density and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in a healthy eye and in a glaucomatous eye. (seeos.eu)

Epilepsy is more common than Parkinson's disease , multiple sclerosis , cerebral palsy , and muscular dystrophy all combined. (encyclopedia.com)
Clemastine fumarate, a common antihistamine used to treat allergies has shown to possibly reverse the optic nerve damage done by multiple sclerosis. (medindia.net)

Coloboma of the optic nerve may occur sporadically , may be due to a genetic mutation and be inherited , or may occur as a feature of an underlying syndrome or other genetic condition. (cdc.gov)
There is no treatment to correct an optic nerve coloboma, but low vision aids may be helpful for some people. (cdc.gov)
For example, when an optic nerve coloboma occurs as part of renal coloboma syndrome , it is caused by mutations in the PAX2 gene. (cdc.gov)
[3] One gene that has been associated with coloboma of the optic nerve specifically is the PAX6 gene. (cdc.gov)
Optic nerve malformations are sometimes associated with a gap or hole ( coloboma ) in the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye ( the retina ). (medlineplus.gov)
Optic nerve dysplasia and renal insufficiency in a family with a novel PAX2 mutation, Arg115X: further ophthalmologic delineation of the renal-coloboma syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)

NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. (msworld.org)
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a genetic disorder that causes tumors to develop in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. (healthline.com)
NF2 causes noncancerous tumors to grow on nerves in the brain and spinal cord. (healthline.com)
Nervous system is made up of brain, spinal cord, nerves and neurons. (steadyhealth.com)

It affects the optic nerve. (wikihow.com)

Retinal ganglion cells are the cells that make up the nerve of vision, taking impulses from the retina to the brain. (cardiff.ac.uk)

founded that the incidence of drusen is 10 times higher among members of the family with manifest optic nerve drusen [ 9 ]. (intechopen.com)

Advances in the knowledge of neuroprotection, immunomodulation and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been obtained by several preclinical studies of various neurodegenerative diseases. (uva.es)
Is OCT Angiography Useful in Neurodegenerative Diseases? (healio.com)
A reliable, precise, and easily accessible biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases is crucial to identify in order to diagnose and monitor patients, and also to help possibly develop new therapies to treat these devastating diseases. (healio.com)
The retina is embryologically derived from the neural tube and is a uniquely accessible, noninvasive diagnostic target for neurodegenerative diseases. (healio.com)
Herein, we discuss the utility of OCT angiography, which has very recently shown promise to detect microvasculature changes in the retina in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the current limitations of OCTA technology as a diagnostic tool in these diseases. (healio.com)

Using a pupillography device, the RAPD scores from 15 patients with unilateral optic nerve disease and 35 control subjects were compared. (dovepress.com)

These cells link to nerves that eventually join to form the optic nerve. (medicalnewstoday.com)

We also made arrangements for specialized necropsy of eye, brain and peripheral nerve tissues for some members of the family that may die during the next few years. (ifond.org)
Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. (wikipedia.org)
The optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meningeal layers ( dura , arachnoid , and pia mater ) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. (wikipedia.org)
Spinner M. Injuries to the Major Branches of Peripheral Nerves of the Forearm . (medscape.com)
Neurolemma (spelled also neurolema, neurilemma and neurilema, and used interchangeably with epineurium) is the insulating myelin layer that surrounds an individual peripheral nerve fiber. (statemaster.com)

Too many major eye diseases lead to loss of vision that, even with current medicine or surgery, is irreversible. (stanford.edu)
Retinal and optic nerve diseases are degenerative ocular pathologies which lead to irreversible visual loss. (uva.es)

Anatomy15

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Evaluation of focal defects of the nerve fiber layer using optical coherence tomography. (1/852)

Ophthalmic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2/852)

Acquired mitochondrial impairment as a cause of optic nerve disease. (3/852)

Diabetes mellitus: a risk factor in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. (4/852)

Dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery associated with transsphenoidal encephalocele: a neural crest syndrome? (5/852)

Visual function and brain organization in non-decussating retinal-fugal fibre syndrome. (6/852)

Surgical management of symptomatic intrasellar arachnoid cysts--two case reports. (7/852)

Idiopathic sclerotic inflammation of the orbit with left optic nerve compression in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. (8/852)

Optic Nerve Diseases

Onchocerciasis, Ocular

Optic Nerve

Optic Neuritis

Olfactory Nerve Diseases

Vagus Nerve Diseases

Optic Nerve Injuries

Optic Disk

Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases

Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

Accessory Nerve Diseases

Facial Nerve Diseases

Abducens Nerve Diseases

Optic Chiasm

Trochlear Nerve Diseases

Optic Atrophy

Optic Nerve Neoplasms

Retinal Ganglion Cells

Nerve Fibers

Oculomotor Nerve Diseases

Cranial Nerve Diseases

Sciatic Nerve

Nerve Crush

Nerve Regeneration

Optic Nerve Glioma

Peripheral Nerves

Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic

Axons

Retina

Intraocular Pressure

Glaucoma

Papilledema

Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian

Optic Atrophies, Hereditary

Optic Flow

Nerve Block

Eye

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms

Nerve Endings

Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber

Optics and Photonics

Sural Nerve

Median Nerve

Glaucoma, Open-Angle

Septo-Optic Dysplasia

Septum Pellucidum

Hypopituitarism

Ethanol

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Evaluation of focal defects of the nerve fiber layer using optical coherence tomography. (1/852)

Ophthalmic abnormalities in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2/852)

Acquired mitochondrial impairment as a cause of optic nerve disease. (3/852)

Diabetes mellitus: a risk factor in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. (4/852)

Dysgenesis of the internal carotid artery associated with transsphenoidal encephalocele: a neural crest syndrome? (5/852)

Visual function and brain organization in non-decussating retinal-fugal fibre syndrome. (6/852)

Surgical management of symptomatic intrasellar arachnoid cysts--two case reports. (7/852)

Idiopathic sclerotic inflammation of the orbit with left optic nerve compression in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. (8/852)

What does optic nerve diseases mean?

The longitudinal relationship between rates of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss and driving performance in...

Optic Nerve Diseases - RightDiagnosis.com

Study the Safety and Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Autologous Cells for the Treatment of Optic Nerve Disease - Full Text View...

Vascular Aspects in the Pathophysiology of Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy, Survey of Ophthalmology | 10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00050...

Predictive Value Of FDT-Perimetry For Detection Of Progressive Optic Nerve Damage In Early Glaucoma | IOVS | ARVO Journals

MR of vasculitis-induced optic neuropathy<...

Dr John Leaney - Metwest Eye Centre

Neuro Opthalmology

Glaucoma

Swine flu jab link to killer nerve disease: Leaked letter reveals concern over 25 deaths, page 1

Rayban-Ray Ban 2011 solglasögon Billigt Rea Online | Lågt Pris Och Kvalitetsgaranti 100% Outlet Rayban-Ray Ban 2011 solglasögon...

Sverige Man Le Specs Poolside Punk 1502119 Svart Solglasögon Lens-colour Pink QSC320606

A serum-glycoprotein szint változása lynestrenollal kezelt patkányokban mellékvese-, gonád-, pajzsmirigy- és hypophysis-irtás...

Differential Diagnosis of Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect - Medical Zone

GSTM1 and GSTT1 Deletion Genotypes in Various Spontaneous Optic Neuropathies in Arabs | British Journal of Ophthalmology

Retinal nerve fibre layer assessment in myopic glaucomatous eyes: comparison of GDx variable corneal compensation with GDx...

Fourth Nerve Paresis and Ipsilateral Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect Without Visual Sensory Disturbance. A Sign of...

Community Eye Health Journal » How to test for a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)

Stem Cell Ophthalmology Treatment Study (SCOTS) for retinal and optic nerve diseases: a preliminary report