Opsonin proteins. Medical search

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

Mononuclear cells with pronounced phagocytic ability that are distributed extensively in lymphoid and other organs. It includes MACROPHAGES and their precursors; PHAGOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS; HISTIOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and MICROGLIA. The term mononuclear phagocyte system has replaced the former reticuloendothelial system, which also included less active phagocytic cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (From Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 2d ed.)

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

A class of C-type lectins that target the carbohydrate structures found on invading pathogens. Binding of collectins to microorganisms results in their agglutination and enhanced clearance. Collectins form trimers that may assemble into larger oligomers. Each collectin polypeptide chain consists of four regions: a relatively short N-terminal region, a collagen-like region, an alpha-helical coiled-coil region, and carbohydrate-binding region.

ENDOCARDIUM infection that is usually caused by STREPTOCOCCUS. Subacute infective endocarditis evolves over weeks and months with modest toxicity and rare metastatic infection.

The larger fragment generated from the cleavage of COMPLEMENT C3 by C3 CONVERTASE. It is a constituent of the ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE (C3bBb), and COMPLEMENT C5 CONVERTASES in both the classical (C4b2a3b) and the alternative (C3bBb3b) pathway. C3b participates in IMMUNE ADHERENCE REACTION and enhances PHAGOCYTOSIS. It can be inactivated (iC3b) or cleaved by various proteases to yield fragments such as COMPLEMENT C3C; COMPLEMENT C3D; C3e; C3f; and C3g.

Complement activation initiated by the interaction of microbial ANTIGENS with COMPLEMENT C3B. When COMPLEMENT FACTOR B binds to the membrane-bound C3b, COMPLEMENT FACTOR D cleaves it to form alternative C3 CONVERTASE (C3BBB) which, stabilized by COMPLEMENT FACTOR P, is able to cleave multiple COMPLEMENT C3 to form alternative C5 CONVERTASE (C3BBB3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

A family of blood flukes of the class Trematoda which is found in animals and man. It Includes the genera Heterobilharzia, Schistosomatium, Schistosoma, Ornithobilharzia, Bilharziella, Trichobilharzia, Pseudobilharzia, and Austrobilharzia.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

A large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils and most types of tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide. Individuals with an inherited defect in which the oxidase that reduces oxygen to superoxide is decreased or absent (GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC) often die as a result of recurrent bacterial infections.

Cells that can carry out the process of PHAGOCYTOSIS.

A specific mannose-binding member of the collectin family of lectins. It binds to carbohydrate groups on invading pathogens and plays a key role in the MANNOSE-BINDING LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Complement activation initiated by the binding of COMPLEMENT C1 to ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES at the COMPLEMENT C1Q subunit. This leads to the sequential activation of COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S subunits. Activated C1s cleaves COMPLEMENT C4 and COMPLEMENT C2 forming the membrane-bound classical C3 CONVERTASE (C4B2A) and the subsequent C5 CONVERTASE (C4B2A3B) leading to cleavage of COMPLEMENT C5 and the assembly of COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.

A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C4 is cleaved by the activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C4A and COMPLEMENT C4B.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

Amyloid P component is a small, non-fibrillar glycoprotein found in normal serum and in all amyloid deposits. It has a pentagonal (pentaxin) structure. It is an acute phase protein, modulates immunologic responses, inhibits ELASTASE, and has been suggested as an indicator of LIVER DISEASE.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A species of gram-negative bacteria that grows preferentially in the vacuoles of the host cell. It is the etiological agent of Q FEVER.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

An acute infectious disease caused by COXIELLA BURNETII. It is characterized by a sudden onset of FEVER; HEADACHE; malaise; and weakness. In humans, it is commonly contracted by inhalation of infected dusts derived from infected domestic animals (ANIMALS, DOMESTIC).

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

2-Deoxyglucose selectively inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages II. Dissociation of the inhibitory effects of 2-deoxyglucose on phagocytosis and ATP generation. (1/1165)

Macrophages incubated in 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-dG)-containing medium showed a marked decrease in cellular ATP content, and were unable to ingest IgG- and complement-coated erythrocytes via the corresponding membrane receptors for these ligands. However, the inhibitory effects of 2-dG on Fc- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis were not a consequence of lowered macrophage ATP levels since addition of glucose or mannose to the culture medium restored the capacity of the macrophages to ingest IgG- and C3-coated particles without increasing ATP levels. These results indicate that Fc- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis (opsonin dependent) differs qualitatively from the ingestion of latex and zymosan particles (opsonin independent); they suggest that the same regulatory molecules govern the responses of phagocytic cells to signals initiated by both the Fc and C3 receptors. The possibility that these molecules are regulated by glycosylation is discussed. (+info)

Influenza A virus accelerates neutrophil apoptosis and markedly potentiates apoptotic effects of bacteria. (2/1165)

Neutrophils are recruited into the airway in the early phase of uncomplicated influenza A virus (IAV) infection and during the bacterial superinfections that are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in IAV-infected subjects. In this report, we show that IAV accelerates neutrophil apoptosis. Unopsonized Escherichia coli had similar effects, although apoptotic effects of opsonized E coli were greater. When neutrophils were treated with both IAV and unopsonized E coli, a marked enhancement of the rate and extent of neutrophil apoptosis occurred as compared with that caused by either pathogen alone. Treatment of neutrophils with IAV markedly increased phagocytosis of E coli. Simultaneous treatment of neutrophils with IAV and E coli also elicited greater hydrogen peroxide production than did either pathogen alone. IAV increased neutrophil expression of Fas antigen and Fas ligand, and it also increased release of Fas ligand into the cell supernatant. These findings may have relevance to the understanding of inflammatory responses to IAV in vivo and of bacterial superinfection of IAV-infected subjects. (+info)

Role of antibody and complement in opsonization of group B streptococci. (3/1165)

A requirement for the classic complement pathway in opsonization of group B streptococci was observed by using both a chemiluminescence and a radiolabeled bacterial uptake technique. The classic pathway increased levels of opsonization for types Ia and II stock and wild strains and for some type III wild strains. In contrast, other type III wild strains and the type III stock strain had accelerated kinetics of uptake in the presence of an intact classic pathway, but the level of opsonization was unchanged from that with antibody alone. We could not demonstrate a significant role for the alternative pathway in opsonizing stock or wild strains of group B streptococci. Futhermore, electrophoretic and complement consumption analysis by hemolytic titration failed to reveal alternative pathway activation by the majority of strains of this group. Therapy aimed at supplying opsonins for these organisms will require the presence of type-specific antibody. (+info)

Type-specific opsonophagocytosis of group A Streptococcus by use of a rapid chemiluminescence assay. (4/1165)

A whole-blood chemiluminescence (CL) assay was developed to determine the presence of type-specific opsonic antibodies against group A streptococcus (GAS). Convalescent sera with high bactericidal activities against an M-1 serotype were used to opsonize different M-types of GAS. CL responses were monitored for 20 min, and results were expressed as integral counts/minute per phagocyte. CL responses of phagocytes incubated with M-1 GAS opsonized with homologous (M-1) serum were significantly higher than responses of phagocytes incubated with heterologous (M-3) GAS. Adsorption of convalescent serum against the homologous, but not the heterologous, strain markedly reduced the CL response, demonstrating type specificity. The CL assay showed a high correlation with the indirect bactericidal test (r=0.90). In conclusion, this CL assay is a rapid, highly sensitive, specific, and reproducible method for quantifying type-specific opsonic antibodies against GAS and will be a useful tool for future clinical, basic science, and epidemiological studies. (+info)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein F epitopes are highly immunogenic in mice when expressed on a plant virus. (5/1165)

A synthetic peptide (peptide 10) representing a surface-exposed, linear B cell epitope from outer-membrane (OM) protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown previously to afford protection in mice from P. aeruginosa infection. This peptide was expressed in tandem with the protein F peptide 18 on each of the two coat proteins of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). The chimaeric virus particles (CVPs) expressing the peptides on the S (small) coat protein (CPMV-PAE4) and L (large) coat protein (CPMV-PAE5) were used to immunize mice. Following subcutaneous immunization in Freund's and QuilA adjuvants, CPMV-PAE4 induced antibodies predominantly against peptide 18, whereas CPMV-PAE5 produced antibodies exclusively against peptide 10, indicating that the site of peptide expression on CPMV influences its immune recognition. The anti-peptide antibodies elicited by CPMV-PAE5 were predominantly of the IgG2a isotype, indicating a highly polarized TH1-type response. The peptide-specific IgG2a strongly recognized the whole F protein, but more importantly, recognized protein F in all seven Fisher-Devlin immunotypes of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the peptide-specific IgG2a in CVP/QS-21 adjuvant-immunized mice was shown to bind complement and to augment phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by human neutrophils in vitro. The ability of CPMV-PAE5 to induce P. aeruginosa-specific opsonic IgG2a gives it potential for further development as a protective vaccine against P. aeruginosa. (+info)

Participation of cofilin in opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells through rapid dephosphorylation and translocation to plasma membranes. (6/1165)

We studied the roles of cofilin, an actin-binding phosphoprotein, in superoxide production of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells triggered by opsonized zymosan (OZ). OZ caused dephosphorylation of cofilin as well as a transient increase of F-actin. Both reactions were complete within 30 s. Okadaic acid (OA) magnified the OZ-triggered O2--production 3.3-fold at 1 microM, but inhibited it completely at 5 microM. We used these critical concentrations to study the effects of OA on changes in phosphorylation and intracellular localization of cofilin. The OZ-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin was inhibited by 5 microM OA but not by 1 microM OA. Subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting revealed that 1 microM OA increased cofilin on the phagosomal membranous fraction but 5 microM OA decreased it. At 1 microM, OA increased translocation of p47phox to membranes, which may explain in part the enhancing effect of 1 microM OA. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that: (i) Cofilin diffused throughout the cytosol of resting cells, but accumulated at the plasma membranes forming phagocytic vesicles in activated cells. (ii) At 1 microM, OA had little effect on the OZ-evoked translocation of cofilin, whereas 5 microM OA suppressed it completely. (iii) OA alone, which could not trigger the phagocytic respiratory burst, did not cause any change in the distribution of cofilin at such concentrations. Furthermore, in a superoxide-producing cell-free system employing membranous and cytosolic fractions, affinity-purified anti-cofilin antibody showed an enhancing effect. These results suggest that cofilin participates in the superoxide production of the OZ-activated phagocytes through dephosphorylation and translocation. The roles of cofilin in the activated leukocytes will be discussed. (+info)

Relationship between cell surface carbohydrates and intrastrain variation on opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (7/1165)

Streptococcus pneumoniae undergoes spontaneous phase variation between a transparent and an opaque colony phenotype, the latter being more virulent in a murine model of sepsis. Opaque pneumococci have previously been shown to express lower amounts of C polysaccharide (cell wall teichoic acid) and in this study were shown to have a higher content of capsular polysaccharide by immunoelectron microscopy. This report then examined the relationship between expression of these two cell surface carbohydrate structures and their relative contribution to the increased virulence of opaque variants. Comparison of genetically related strains showed that the differential content of capsular polysaccharide did not affect the amount of teichoic acid as measured by a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast, when the teichoic acid structure was altered by replacing choline in the growth medium with structural analogs, the quantity of capsular polysaccharide as measured by a capture ELISA was decreased, demonstrating a linkage in the expression of the two surface carbohydrate structures. A standardized assay was used to assess the relative contribution of cell surface carbohydrates to opsonophagocytosis. The opaque variants required 1.2- to 30-fold more immune human serum to achieve 50% opsonophagocytic killing than did related transparent variants (types 6B and 9V). The opsonophagocytic titer was proportional to the quantity of capsular polysaccharide rather than teichoic acid. The major factor in binding of the opsonin, C-reactive protein (CRP), was also the amount of capsular polysaccharide rather than the teichoic acid ligand. Only for the transparent variant (type 6B), which bound more CRP, was there enhanced opsonophagocytic killing in the presence of this serum protein. Increased expression of capsular polysaccharide, therefore, appeared to be the major factor in the decreased opsonophagocytic killing of opaque pneumococci. (+info)

Avidity as a determinant of the protective efficacy of human antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. (8/1165)

Antibodies reactive with capsular polysaccharides are considered the principal mediators of immunity against invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) antibody avidity can influence protective efficacy. We measured the avidities of individual adult postvaccination immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies to PPS serotypes 6B and 23F and examined the relationship between avidity and opsonophagocytic and mouse-protective activities. The avidities of PPS 6B- and PPS 23F-specific IgG2 antibodies ranged from 6 to 31 nM-1 and from 3 to 20 nM-1, respectively. We observed an inverse correlation between the magnitude of avidity and the amount of antibody required to protect mice against lethal bacteremia caused by serotype 6B pneumococci. Similarly, higher-avidity antibodies were more effective than lower-avidity antibodies in vitro in mediating complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis of both 6B and 23F pneumococci. These data suggest that in adults, PPS antibodies are sufficiently polymorphic to possess biologically significant variations in avidity. We conclude that avidity functions as an important determinant of anticapsular antibody protective efficacy against pneumococci. (+info)

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus, which can enter the body through a variety of means, including dental procedures, skin infections, or injected drug use. The bacteria can then colonize on the heart valves and cause inflammation and damage.

Symptoms of subacute bacterial endocarditis may include fatigue, fever, joint pain, and skin lesions. In addition, people with subacute bacterial endocarditis may experience heart murmurs, swelling in the legs or abdomen, and difficulty breathing.

If you suspect that you or someone else may have subacute bacterial endocarditis, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. The condition can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including echocardiography, blood cultures, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eradicate the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with subacute bacterial endocarditis can recover fully, but delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, stroke, and death.

The most common form of this disease is Meningococcal Group B (MenB). Symptoms often develop within hours or days after exposure, but can be nonspecific, such as fever, headache, and muscle aches.

Early signs that are more specific and suggestive of the diagnosis include neck stiffness, confusion, seizures, and rash. Diagnosis is by culture or PCR of a sterile site. Treatment consists of antibiotics that cover Neisseria meningitidis, which should be initiated promptly after recognition of the signs and symptoms.

Prevention with vaccines is recommended for infants at 2 months of age; boosters are given at 4 months, 6 months, and 12 to 15 months of age.

The disease is primarily transmitted through inhalation of infected particles, such as dust or aerosols, which contain the bacterium. People working in close contact with animals, such as veterinarians and farmers, are at higher risk of contracting Q fever.

Symptoms of Q fever typically develop within 2-3 weeks after exposure and may include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the heart, liver, and other organs, leading to life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis of Q fever is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and epidemiological investigations. Laboratory confirmation of the disease requires the isolation of Coxiella burnetii from blood or other bodily fluids.

Treatment of Q fever typically involves antibiotics, which can effectively cure the infection if administered early. However, treatment is not always necessary for mild cases, and some people may recover without any treatment.

Prevention of Q fever primarily involves avoiding exposure to infected animals or their tissues, as well as practicing good hygiene practices such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling animals or their tissues. Vaccination is also available for high-risk groups, such as veterinarians and farmers.

Overall, Q fever is an important zoonotic disease that can cause significant illness in humans and a range of animal species. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical to preventing complications and ensuring effective management of the disease.

Kuhlman, M; K Joiner; R A Ezekowitz (1989-05-01). "The human mannose-binding protein functions as an opsonin". The Journal of ... Wang, J Y; C C Shieh; P F You; H Y Lei; K B Reid (August 1998). "Inhibitory effect of pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D on ... Wang, J Y; U Kishore; B L Lim; P Strong; K B Reid (November 1996). "Interaction of human lung surfactant proteins A and D with ... O'Riordan, D M; J E Standing; K Y Kwon; D Chang; E C Crouch; A H Limper (June 1995). "Surfactant protein D interacts with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collectin

Some proteins hinder opsonin-related ingestion; Staphylococcus aureus produces Protein A to block antibody receptors, which ... and group A streptococci produce proteins such as M protein and fimbrial proteins to block engulfment. ... They include opsonin receptors, scavenger receptors, and Toll-like receptors. Opsonin receptors increase the phagocytosis of ... "Complement" is the name given to a complex series of protein molecules found in the blood that destroy cells or mark them for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocyte

Opsonins are normally soluble proteins, which when bound to the surface of a cell induce phagocytes to phagocytose that cell. ... Opsonins include Mfge8, Gas6, Protein S, antibodies and complement factors C1q and C3b. Phagoptosis has multiple functions ... binding of opsonins. It is clear that otherwise-viable cells can expose/bind such phagocytosis-promoting signals as a result of ... binding soluble proteins that tag the cell for phagocytosis. For example, phosphatidylserine is an "eat-me" signal that, when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagoptosis

... a putative opsonin receptor for lung surfactant protein D". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (19): 10794-9. Bibcode:1999PNAS... ... Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DMBT1 gene. Loss of sequences from ... "Human salivary agglutinin binds to lung surfactant protein-D and is identical with scavenger receptor protein gp-340". Biochem ... The DMBT1 protein is a glycoprotein containing multiple scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains separated by SRCR- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMBT1

However, there are now known to be at least 50 proteins that act as opsonins for pathogens or other targets. Opsonins induce ... Opsonins help clear pathogens, as well as dead, dying and diseased cells. Opsonins were discovered and named "opsonins" in 1904 ... Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the substances or ... Therefore, Some opsonins (including some complement proteins) have evolved to bind Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opsonin

Similar to the complement protein C3 in function, TEP1 acts as an opsonin which facilitates extensive parasite killing. TEP1 ... TEP1 interacts with a heterodimeric protein complex made up of two leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain containing proteins: ... The cleaved protein is known as TEP1-cut and represents the activated form. This mechanism is equivalent to the maturation of ... The TEP1 protein is glycosylated and secreted into the body cavity by mosquito immune cells as a 165 kDa zymogen - this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester-containing_protein_1

... forming a blood clot that stops bleeding C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, acute phase protein Various other globulins ... The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors ... All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver. Human serum albumin, osmolyte and carrier protein α- ... Vitamin D-binding protein, carries vitamin D FGF21, a protein hormone that induces mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteins_produced_and_secreted_by_the_liver

... opsonin proteins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.820 - plantibodies MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.837 - precipitins MeSH D12.776. ... groel protein MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.100 - fusion proteins, bcr-abl MeSH D12.776.602.500.500.320 - fusion proteins, gag-onc ... oncogene protein v-maf MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.875 - oncogene proteins v-abl MeSH D12.776.964.700.750.882 - oncogene proteins ... fusion proteins, gag-pol MeSH D12.776.964.775.350.400 - hiv core protein p24 MeSH D12.776.964.775.375.325 - fusion proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

... opsonin proteins MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.820 - plantibodies MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.837 - precipitins MeSH D12.776. ... opsonin proteins MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.820 - plantibodies MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.837 - precipitins MeSH D12.776. ... complement c1 inactivator proteins MeSH D12.776.124.486.274.920.250.500 - complement c1 inhibitor protein MeSH D12.776.124.486. ... bence jones protein MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.900.225 - cryoglobulins MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.900.500 - myeloma proteins MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.124)

September 1999). "Cloning of gp-340, a putative opsonin receptor for lung surfactant protein D". Proceedings of the National ... Surfactant protein D, also known as SP-D, is a lung surfactant protein part of the collagenous family of proteins called ... "Microfibril-associated protein 4 is present in lung washings and binds to the collagen region of lung surfactant protein D". ... Surfactant+Protein+D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactant_protein_D

Genes on human chromosome 1, Lectins, Glycobiology, Immune system, Protein families, Protein structure). ... Tunicate intelectin is an opsonin for phagocytosis by hemocyte. Amphioxus intelectin has been shown to agglutinate bacteria. In ... In addition, merely around 50 amino acids (the fibronogen-like domain) align with any known protein, specifically the ficolin ... Intelectins are lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) expressed in humans and other chordates. Humans express two types of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelectin

Clustered Band 3 proteins with attached antibodies activate complement, and complement C3 fragments are opsonins recognized by ... The fusion proteins were a way to spread the infection to other cells by simply merging them with the infected one (HIV does ... Also, viral fusion proteins cause the formation of the placental syncytium to limit exchange of migratory cells between the ... One of the pathways is siRNA in which long double stranded RNA is cut into pieces that serve as templates for protein complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system

It is thought to assist in complement binding to foreign and damaged cells and enhances phagocytosis by macrophages (opsonin- ... CAA39671". NCBI Entrez Protein. "Human C-reactive protein complexed with phosphocholine". Protein Data Bank in Europe. Enocsson ... C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations ... It is not related to C-peptide (insulin) or protein C (blood coagulation). C-reactive protein was the first pattern recognition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-reactive_protein

It was found that when opsonins, like fibrinogen, are numerous in the protein corona, the proteins tend to induce macrophage ... In "soft" protein coronas, it is common to observe an exchange of proteins at the surface; larger proteins with lower ... pH can alter protein binding affinity in protein-nanoparticle interactions, thus modifying the adsorbed protein pattern at the ... This process is governed by the intermolecular protein-nanoparticle and protein-protein interactions that exist within a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_corona

... protein A renders them inaccessible to the opsonins, thus impairing phagocytosis of the bacteria via immune cell attack. ... In addition to protein A, other immunoglobulin-binding bacterial proteins such as Protein G, Protein A/G and Protein L are all ... Immunoprecipitation studies with protein A conjugated to beads are also commonly used to purify proteins or protein complexes ... Protein A is a 42 kDa surface protein originally found in the cell wall of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is encoded by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_A

... and other proteins. They also express receptors to detect and adhere to endothelium and Fc receptors for opsonin. In leukocytes ... For targets to be recognized, they must be coated in opsonins - a process known as antibody opsonization. They can internalize ... Neutrophils also release an assortment of proteins in three types of granules by a process called degranulation. The contents ... October 2009). "Neutrophil extracellular traps contain calprotectin, a cytosolic protein complex involved in host defense ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil

... the MASP protein functions to cleave the blood protein C4 into C4a and C4b. The C4b fragments can then bind to the surface of ... is a lectin that is instrumental in innate immunity as an opsonin and via the lectin pathway. MBL has an oligomeric structure ( ... "Mannose-binding protein C precursor [Homo sapiens]". Retrieved 2012-01-03. Jensen PH, Laursen I, Matthiesen F, Højrup P (2007 ... It is produced in the liver as a response to infection, and is part of many other factors termed acute phase proteins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannan-binding_lectin

The protein encoded by this gene is a thermolabile beta-2-macroglycoprotein found in all human serum and is a member of the ... ficolin/opsonin p35 lectin family. The protein, which was initially identified based on its reactivity with sera from patients ... The protein can activate the complement pathway in association with MASPs and sMAP, thereby aiding in host defense through the ... Ficolin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN3 gene. Ficolin-3 was initially identified as H-ficolin, in which H ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCN3

Due to their positive charge, cationic liposomes bind to various plasma proteins, forming a protein corona on their surface and ... This new biological identity then causes opsonins to tag them as pathogens and encourages clearance through phagocytic ... This positive charge can also create some issues in vivo, such as binding to plasma proteins in the bloodstream, which leads to ... acting as a protective layer and reducing the formation of a protein corona. The presence of PEG on the surface of the liposome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationic_liposome

... is a protein fragment that is part of the complement system, a component of the vertebrate immune system. iC3b is produced ... Complement receptors on white blood cells are able to bind iC3b, so iC3b functions as an opsonin. Unlike intact C3b, iC3b ... Complement factor I can further cleave iC3b into a protein fragment known as C3d. Robbins Basic Pathology 8th ed 2007. R Cotran ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IC3b

... creating a more hostile environment for pathogens and facilitating protein degradation. The bacterial proteins are denatured in ... Opsonins are molecular tags such as antibodies and complements that attach to pathogens and up-regulate phagocytosis. ... Other proteins such as Toll-like receptors are involved in pathogen pattern recognition and are often recruited to phagosomes ... The two proteins, along with Rho GTPases, are important components of the innate immune response, inducing cytokine production ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagosome

These globular regions of C1q can also bind to bacterial and viral surface proteins, apoptotic cells, and acute phase proteins ... C3b can act as an opsonin . C3b is very similar to C4 in both structure and function also has a thioester bond that forces it ... C2a diffuses into the plasma as a protein inflammatory mediator while C2b remains attached with C4b forming C4bC2b what is ... The classical complement pathway can be initiated by the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to the C1q protein. The globular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_complement_pathway

Ficolin-2, which was initially identified as L-ficolin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN2 gene. The product of ... 1996). "A novel human serum lectin with collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains that functions as an opsonin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 ... 1997). "Purification and binding properties of a human ficolin-like protein". J. Immunol. Methods. 204 (1): 43-9. doi:10.1016/ ... Edgar PF (1996). "Hucolin, a new corticosteroid-binding protein from human plasma with structural similarities to ficolins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCN2

Ficolin-1, and also commonly termed M-ficolin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCN1 gene. Proteins of the ficolin ... 1996). "A novel human serum lectin with collagen- and fibrinogen-like domains that functions as an opsonin". J. Biol. Chem. 271 ... The collagen-like and the fibrinogen-like domains are also found in other proteins such as tenascins, while the former is also ... 2004). "The X-ray structure of human mannan-binding lectin-associated protein 19 (MAp19) and its interaction site with mannan- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCN1

... (SAA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAA1 gene. SAA1 is a major acute-phase protein mainly ... Shah C, Hari-Dass R, Raynes JG (Sep 2006). "Serum amyloid A is an innate immune opsonin for Gram-negative bacteria". Blood. 108 ... Hari-Dass R, Shah C, Meyer DJ, Raynes JG (May 2005). "Serum amyloid A protein binds to outer membrane protein A of gram- ... In addition to its association with HDL, SAA1 interacts with a number of mammalian proteins, mostly cell surface proteins such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_amyloid_A1

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) Surfactant protein D (SP-D) CL-L1 CL-P1 CL-K1 Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) PGLYRP1 ... signal sequences Junctional diversity Immunoglobulin class switching Allelic exclusion Polyclonal response Phagocytosis Opsonin ... Royet J, Gupta D, Dziarski R (December 2011). "Peptidoglycan recognition proteins: modulators of the microbiome and ... proteins Amyloid SAP SAA Positive Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin Alpha 1-antitrypsin Alpha 2-macroglobulin C-reactive protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_immunology

The recognition and clearance of invading microorganisms occurs through both opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent pathways ... protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac-1 and -2). Epac-1 and PKA are both important ... The molecular mechanisms facilitating opsonin-dependent phagocytosis are different for specific opsonin/receptor pairs. For ... The latent complex is covalently linked to the extracellular matrix by binding to latent TGF-β-binding proteins. TGF-β is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_macrophage

Pentraxin-related protein PTX3 also known as TNF-inducible gene 14 protein (TSG-14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by ... "PTX3 function as an opsonin for the dectin-1-dependent internalization of zymosan by macrophages". Journal of Leukocyte Biology ... the amino-terminal domain and the pentraxin domain of the protein. The transcribed PTX3 protein is 381 amino acids long, has a ... "Relationship of TSG-14 protein to the pentraxin family of major acute phase proteins". Journal of Immunology. 153 (8): 3700-7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX3

The MHC-II proteins are recognized by helper T cells, stimulating the production of proteins, allowing for B cells to multiply ... and opsonin promotion of phagocytosis and pathogen elimination. The concept of humoral immunity developed based on the analysis ... The proteins account for 5% of the serum globulin fraction. Most of these proteins circulate as zymogens, which are inactive ... These membrane-bound protein complexes have antibodies which are specific for antigen detection. Each B cell has a unique ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity

... protein) Clonal anergy Clonal deletion Clonal selection Clone (cell biology) CMKLR1 Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor Colony ... Oligoclonal band Oligopeptidase Oncoantigen Oncostatin M Oncostatin M receptor Opportunistic infection Oprelvekin Opsonin Organ ... immune globulin Secretion assay Self-protein Sensitization (immunology) Sentinel cell Serum amyloid A Short course immune ... deaminase Active hexose correlated compound Active immunotherapy Acute-phase protein Adaptive immune system Adipose tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles

"Hepatic splenosis mimicking HCC in a patient with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and mildly raised alpha feto protein; the ... Spleen produces all types of blood cells during fetal life Production of opsonins, properdin, and tuftsin. Release of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleen

Having a metabolism adapted for low-fat, protein-rich insects, this leads to common problems of obesity. Fatty liver disease is ... a metalloprotease inhibitor of large molecular size possessing ficolin/opsonin P35 lectin domains". Toxicon. 38 (11): 1561-80. ... Like opossums, mice, and moles, hedgehogs have some natural immunity against some snake venom through the protein erinacin in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedgehog

Although the protein created localizes within the nucleus and is barely detectable in axons, studies suggest that its ... Possible source for variations in clearance rates could include lack of opsonin activity around microglia, and the lack of ... The SARM1 protein has four domains, a mitochondrial localization signal, an auto-inhibitory N-terminus region consisting of ... The protective effect of the WldS protein has been shown to be due to the NMNAT1 region's NAD+ synthesizing active site. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallerian_degeneration

This test is carried out on a cellulose nitrate membrane where a specific S. typhi outer membrane protein is attached as fixed ... opsonin) in human blood. Wright's version of the typhoid vaccine was produced by growing the bacterium at body temperature in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever

Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 1, Single-pass transmembrane proteins). ... SLAMF1 is a known receptor for the measles virus and also serves as an opsonin for phagocytic cells, enhancing phagocytosis by ... Proteins with SH2 domains are able to bind these ITSMs to initiate signaling cascades within the cell. SLAMF2 and SLAMF4 ... The X-linked SLAM-associated protein (SAP), encoded by the SH2D1A gene, consists primarily of an SH2 domain which can interact ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaling_lymphocytic_activation_molecule

The first, opsonic receptors, are dependent on opsonins. Among these are receptors that recognise the Fc part of bound IgG ... lactoferrin and antibiotic proteins. Degranulation of these into the phagosome, accompanied by high reactive oxygen species ... and cationic proteins such as defensins. Other antimicrobial peptides are present in these granules, including lactoferrin, ... antibodies, deposited complement or receptors, that recognise other opsonins of cell or plasma origin. Non-opsonic receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis

Polysaccharide antigens tend to induce more IgA2 than protein antigens. Both IgA1 and IgA2 can be in membrane-bound form. (see ... Since sIgA is a poor opsonin and activator of complement, simply binding a pathogen isn't necessarily enough to contain it- ... St Geme JW, de la Morena ML, Falkow S (October 1994). "A Haemophilus influenzae IgA protease-like protein promotes intimate ... They are both heavily glycosylated proteins. While IgA1 predominates in serum (~80%), IgA2 percentages are higher in secretions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_A

... the B memory/naive cells recognize intact proteins present on the pathogen surface. In this situation, the protein in its ... Thus the antibody acts as an opsonin. The process of engulfing is known as phagocytosis (literally, cell eating) Activating the ... The paratope on the B cell receptor comes in contact only with those amino acids that lie on the surface of the protein. The ... Pathogens synthesize proteins that can serve as "recognizable" antigens; they may express the molecules on their surface or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal_B_cell_response

About 50 proteins and protein fragments make up the complement system, including serum proteins, and cell membrane receptors. ... The lectin pathway is homologous to the classical pathway, but with the opsonin, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and ficolins, ... So it's a matter of protein of a new type, which cannot be identified with any [protein] which [has been] known until now, and ... Some complement control proteins are present on the membranes of self-cells preventing them from being targeted by complement. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_system

... is a gamma globulin protein composed of multiple identical protein subunits with a separate ligand-binding site. ... opsonins, chemotactic factors, and the membrane attack complex, all of which help fight pathogens. Properdin was discovered in ... This protein binds to bacterial cell walls and dying human cells to stabilize the C3 and C5-convertase enzyme complexes to form ... Properdin is protein that in humans is encoded by the CFP (complement factor properdin) gene. Properdin is plasma glycoprotein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properdin

Opsonins. Opsonin Proteins. Protein p16. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16. Protein p53. Tumor Suppressor Protein p53. ... Proto-Oncogene Protein c-met. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met. Proto-Oncogene Protein p21(ras). Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ... Proto-Oncogene Protein pp60(c-src). Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src). ... Proto-Oncogene Protein c-kit. Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit. ... Heat-Shock Proteins 90. HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins. I-kappa B. I ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/rep_i2006.htm

Studies on perinatal neutrophils, natural humoral factors (such as opsonins, complement, fibronectin, C-reactive protein and ... serum opsonins, complement factors, fibronectin, c-reactive proteins, and lactoferrin); natural killer (NK) cells; phagocytic ... o Identify and characterize the genes and their protein products involved in cytokine-receptor signaling pathways; elucidate ... o Identify and characterize genes encoding specific proteins essential for the ontogeny of immunity and host defenses. o ...

https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-97-002.html

Opsonin Opsonin Protein Opsonins Pharm Action. Immunologic Factors. Registry Number. 0. See Also. Opsonization. Public MeSH ... Opsonin Proteins Preferred Concept UI. M0484835. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. Proteins that bind to particles and cells to ... Proteins [D12.776] * Blood Proteins [D12.776.124] * Immunoproteins [D12.776.124.486] * C-Reactive Protein [D12.776.124.486.157] ... Opsonin Proteins Preferred Term Term UI T640959. Date05/18/2005. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2006). ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009895

... nonspecific antimicrobial proteins and opsonins, and normal relatively nonpathogenic airway flora. Anatomic structures of the ... as well as surfactant-associated proteins A (Sp-A) and D (Sp-D). Both of these latter proteins can modulate phagocytosis, ... The role of inter-alpha inhibitor proteins in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. J Pediatr. 2009 Apr. 154(4):620-622.e1. [QxMD ... The alveoli do not contain a significant exudate, but protein-rich hyaline membranes similar to those found in adult ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967822-overview

This process is known as opsonization and the adsorbed proteins are called opsonins [46] and is driven by the tendency of the ... the rapidly formed protein shell, or protein corona, gives the MNPs their in vivo biological identity and fundamentally changes ... Ke, P.C.; Lin, S.; Parak, W.J.; Davis, T.P.; Caruso, F. A Decade of the Protein Corona. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 11773-11776. [Google ... After intravenous injection of a tracer, serum/complement proteins are rapidly adsorbed on the surface of the MNPs [44,45]. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/6/1532

To determine the role of other opsonins, such as complement proteins and thrombospondin, we prepared apoptotic cells in serum ... Generation of KIM1-Fc fusion proteins. Soluble KIM-1 ectodomain-Fc fusion protein (KIM1-Fc) was produced by stably transfecting ... were incubated with purified KIM1-Fc fusion protein or control Fc-proteins (human IgG, c-Ret-Fc). After washing away unbound Fc ... we generated full-length KIM-1-GFP C terminus-tagged protein and expressed this protein stably in COS-7 cells. Time-lapse ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/34487

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009895

Opsonin Proteins Medicine & Life Sciences 40% * Immune Evasion Medicine & Life Sciences 34% ... keywords = "Complement, Immune evasion, Innate immunity, M protein, Pathogenicity, Streptococcus pyogenes",. author = "David ... Complement permits the efficient labelling of bacteria with opsonins, supports phagocytosis, and facilitates phagocyte ... Complement permits the efficient labelling of bacteria with opsonins, supports phagocytosis, and facilitates phagocyte ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/catch-me-if-you-can-streptococcus-pyogenes-complement-evasion-str

... and lower absorbed opsonin proteins compared with the conventional liposomes. Compared to TP-loaded traditional liposomes (TP/ ... Zein is a type of prolamine protein that is derived from corn, and it has been recognized by the US FDA as one of the safest ... Advances and Prospects of Prolamine Corn Protein Zein as Promising Multifunctional Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment. ... and the disruption of the intestinal barrier composed of tight junction proteins is the initiating factor, which then leads to ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Zhang,+Jinming

https://decs.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2006.htm

MeSH]: Immune system; Physiology , Immune system; Physiopathology , Opsonin proteins. [DDC Sachgruppe]: DDC 610 / Medicine & ...

https://oparu.uni-ulm.de/xmlui/handle/123456789/10375?locale-attribute=de

16) Which of the following complement proteins may act as Opsonins:. 1. c3b. 2. C3a. 3 C5b 9 complex. 4. C3a & C5a ... 3. Complement proteins. 4. NK cells. 30) A 40 years old male suffering from cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy report shows ...

http://nursingipd.com/category/pathophysiology/

FH, FHR-1 and FHR-5 bound to both plasmid DNA and human genomic DNA, where both FHR proteins inhibited FH-DNA interaction. The ... FH, FHR-1, and FHR-5 bound to both plasmid DNA and human genomic DNA, where both FHR proteins inhibited FH-DNA interaction. The ... FHR-1 and FHR-5 bound to late apoptotic and necrotic cells and recruited monomeric C-reactive protein and pentraxin 3, and vice ... The FH-related (FHR) proteins share common ligands with FH, due to their homology with this complement regulator, but they lack ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01297/full

Molecular Function:voltage-gated calcium channel activity; viral receptor activity; opsonin binding; protein binding; insulin- ... 2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing.. UniProt Protein Details:. Protein type:Cell adhesion; ... UniProt Protein Name:. Integrin alpha-V. UniProt Synonym Protein Names:. Vitronectin receptor subunit alpha; CD_antigen: ... This protein interacts with several extracellular matrix proteins to mediate cell adhesion and may play a role in cell ...

https://www.assaygenie.com/integrin-alpha-v-rabbit-monoclonal-antibody-cab19071/

... by LCMS demonstrated that Fe/Mg-CA NPs exhibited the highest affinity towards transport proteins without binding with opsonins ... Therefore, Fe/Mg-CA which predominantly forms a transport protein-related protein corona could be a proficient carrier for ... Fe/Mg-Modified Carbonate Apatite with Uniform Particle Size and Unique Transport Protein-Related Protein Corona Efficiently ... form unique protein corona in the presence of serum and efficiently deliver doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug into breast ...

https://www.omicsdi.org/dataset/biostudies/S-EPMC8229704

HN - 2022 BX - Opsonophagocytosis FX - Opsonin Proteins MH - Organocopper Compounds UI - D000091343 MN - D2.257.133 MN - D2.691 ... HN - 2022 (1986) BX - C-Mas Protein BX - II-Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Cellular BX - Mas Protein BX - Mas1 Protein BX - Proto- ... Epithelial Zinc Finger Protein BX - EZF Protein BX - GKLF Protein BX - Gut-Enriched Kruppel-Like Factor BX - Klf4 Protein BX - ... CMOAT Protein BX - CMOAT Transport Protein BX - MRP2 Protein, Multidrug Resistance BX - MRP2 Transport Protein BX - Multidrug ...

https://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mesh/2022/newterms/meshnew2022.txt

https://data.lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/public/ii/information/MBR/Stree/2022/meshnew2022.txt

spondin 2, extracellular matrix protein. Description. SPON2, also known as spondin-2, is a cell adhesion protein that promotes ... It binds directly to bacteria and their components and functions as an opsonin for macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria. Spondin ... Entrez Protein Reference Sequence for spondin-2 precursor [Homo sapiens]. *HGNC entry for human spondin 2, extracellular matrix ...

https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/data-and-resources/biomarkers/spon2/

Circulating proteins. *A number of circulating proteins like pentraxins, collectins, and ficolins also serve as opsonins. ... Opsonins and Types. Figure: Action of opsonins: A phagocytic cell recognizes the opsonin on the surface of an antigen. Source: ... Complement proteins. *Among the various complement proteins, C3b, C4b, and C1q are the common proteins that also serve as ... These proteins are the PRRs (pattern recognizing receptors) capable of coating the microbes as an opsonin, which enhances the ...

https://microbenotes.com/opsonization/

opsonins, specialized biomolecules, which are mostly extracellular proteins). Antibody class. switching (switching the ... The proteins modulated through protein-protein interaction may be called. protein-modulated proteins and it is worthy of note ... protein molecules as the protein-modulated protein molecules get an intermediate. conformation through protein-protein ... Zhang J. Protein-Protein Interactions in Salt Solutions. In: Cai W. (eds) Protein-Protein. interactions - Computational and ...

https://baholafoundation.org/microbial-lysates-containing-immunogenic-proteins-in-homeopathic-medicinesrelooking-homeopathy-as-protein-based-oral-immunotherapy/

Binds directly to bacteria and their components and functions as an opsonin for macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria. Essential ... Cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons. ... Protein / Extracellular Matrix Protein. / Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein. / Spondin-2. DTO Classes. Protein. / Extracellular ... Cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons. Binds directly to bacteria and ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/targets/SPON2

Opsonin Proteins -- blood. Tuberculin -- therapeutic use 89. Zhi liao fei jie he bing de mu di, bu jin shi yao zhi hao fei bu ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Tuberculosis%2C+Pulmonary+--+therapy&per_page=100

Opioid Peptides N0000167254 Opipramol N0000005947 Opium N0000006821 oprelvekin N0000171231 Opsins N0000169353 Opsonin Proteins ... N0000169241 HMGB3 Protein N0000169206 HMGN Proteins N0000169207 HMGN1 Protein N0000169208 HMGN2 Protein N0000171143 HN Protein ... N0000170951 Wnt Proteins N0000170952 Wnt1 Protein N0000170953 Wnt2 Protein N0000183504 Wnt3 Protein N0000183484 Wnt3A Protein ... HMGA Proteins N0000169231 HMGA1a Protein N0000169233 HMGA1b Protein N0000169232 HMGA1c Protein N0000169234 HMGA2 Protein ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/StructuralClass%202012-06-04.txt

Opioid Peptides N0000167254 Opipramol N0000005947 Opium N0000006821 oprelvekin N0000171231 Opsin N0000169353 Opsonin Proteins ... N0000169241 HMGB3 Protein N0000169206 HMGN Proteins N0000169207 HMGN1 Protein N0000169208 HMGN2 Protein N0000171143 HN Protein ... HMGA Proteins N0000169231 HMGA1a Protein N0000169233 HMGA1b Protein N0000169232 HMGA1c Protein N0000169234 HMGA2 Protein ... Protein Precursors N0000170932 Protein S N0000170621 Protein Sorting Signals N0000169154 Protein Subunits N0000168186 Protein- ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/StructuralClass%202007-10-09.txt

We have found that FX acts as a defense for Ad virions against plasma opsonins, shielding the virions from attack by natural ... Recently multiple groups have shown that the major adenovirus capsid protein (hexon) has a high-affinity binding site for ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/festival11/poster-VIROL-MICRO-24.html

Mannose-binding lectin is a disease modifier in clinical malaria and may function as opsonin for Plasmodium falciparum-infected ... Different molecular events result in low protein levels of mannan-binding lectin in populations from southeast Africa and South ... Mannose-binding lectin is a disease modifier in clinical malaria and may function as opsonin for Plasmodium falciparum. - ... Different molecular events result in low protein levels of mannan-binding lectin in populations from southeast Africa and South ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/82/1/article-p115.xml?rskey=BTXDWP&result=2

In addition to these cell surface-associated proteins, other plasma proteins regulate specific steps of the classic or ... Deficiency of C3, the major opsonin, results in recurrent pyogenic infections, particularly with encapsulated bacteria. ... Association of low levels of mannan-binding protein with a common defect of opsonisation. Lancet. 1989 Nov 25. 2(8674):1236-9. ... Deficiency of any of these regulatory proteins results in a state of overactivation of the complement system, with damaging ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/886128-overview

Inhibition of the classical complement pathway at the level of C1s prevents deposition of complement opsonins on the surface of ... Sutimlimab-jome is a protein. It is generally recognized that antibodies are metabolized by degradation into small peptides and ... and specifically binds to complement protein component 1, s subcomponent (C1s), a serine protease which cleaves C4. Sutimlimab- ...

https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=281cf1d4-6296-4416-858e-9bff46d01b71

Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) gained importance due to its ability toprotect proteins, when proteins are conjugated with (PEG) it ... PEG units on the NP surface prevent opsonin-NPbinding, thus preventing the nanoparticles from being recognized by monocytesand ... terminal COOH) on the PLGA molecule with a reactivegroup (e.g., amino) on the peptide, API or protein. Finally, in some cases, ... Protein PEGylation has ledto the development of numerous therapeutics, including PEG-asparaginase(Oncaspar), PEG-adensoine ...

https://wallaceandjames.com/many-coupled-with-the-complexity-and-diversity-of/

Targeting can be achieved by coating orconjugating the carrier with affinity reagents such as nucleic acids, peptides,antibodies, or others that bind specific cell receptor proteins, nucleic acids,or polysaccharides. (wallaceandjames.com)
However, γδ T cells are not MHC restricted and seem to be able to recognise whole proteins rather than requiring peptides to be presented by MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells. (wikidoc.org)

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS , especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. (nih.gov)
Complement permits the efficient labelling of bacteria with opsonins, supports phagocytosis, and facilitates phagocyte recruitment to the site of infection through the production of chemoattractants. (bath.ac.uk)
It binds directly to bacteria and their components and functions as an opsonin for macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria. (nih.gov)
An opsonin is any molecule that enhances phagocytosis by marking an antigen for an immune response or marking dead cells for recycling. (microbenotes.com)

The term opsonization refers to the capacity of antibodies and complement components (as well as other proteins) to coat dangerous antigens that can then be recognized by antibodies or complement receptors on phagocytic cells. (microbenotes.com)
The complement system is composed of over 30 proteins that improve the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to fight invading organisms. (microbenotes.com)
We have found that FX acts as a defense for Ad virions against plasma opsonins, shielding the virions from attack by natural antibodies and complement. (nih.gov)

The opsonins act as markers or tags that allow recognition by the immune system of the body. (microbenotes.com)
Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines that regulate or "help" the immune response. (wikidoc.org)
Many of those proteins are additionally rec- fire ants are more prevalent in the hols and esters) is released from the ognized as international by the human immune southeast. (xiangyunxitong.com)

Search of new therapeutic tools requires the discovery and biochemical characterization of new potential targets among the bacterial proteins essential for the survival and virulence. (pasteur.fr)
In this work, we determined the solution structure of adenylate kinase (AK) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (AKmt), a protein of 181 residues that was found to be essential for bacterial survival. (pasteur.fr)

This action results in reactivation of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE activity and downstream signaling aimed at decreased metabolism. (nih.gov)
HN - 2022 FX - Quality of Health Care MH - AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases UI - D000091162 MN - D8.811.913.696.620.682.700.74 MN - D12.776.476.563.74 MS - Protein Serine-threonine kinases that phosphorylate the 63-kDa subunit of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. (nih.gov)

A class of intracellular signaling proteins that were originally identified as inhibitors of ANGIOSTATIN activity. (nih.gov)

HN - 2022 BX - ADP Ribosylation Factor 6 BX - ARF6 Protein MH - Aerosolized Particles and Droplets UI - D000088342 MN - D20.65 MS - A suspension of tiny particles or liquid droplets ( (nih.gov)
This is the mechanism of identifying invading particles (antigens ) by the use of specific components called opsonins. (microbenotes.com)
The most critical heat-labile opsonin, and perhaps the most essential opsonin of all, is C3b (C3b is the fragment of C3 that binds to particles when C3 is cleaved by a C3-convertase). (microbenotes.com)

The dictum 'like cures like' can be understood by considering the mimicry between the antigens present on the invading pathogen and the antigens present on the proteins in the selected homeopathic medicine. (baholafoundation.org)

Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane proteins composed of an alpha subunit and a beta subunit that function in cell surface adhesion and signaling. (assaygenie.com)
HN - 2022 BX - Adolescent Motherhood BX - Teen Mothers BX - Teenage Mothers FX - Pregnancy in Adolescence MH - ADP-Ribosylation Factor 6 UI - D000089982 MN - D8.811.277.40.330.300.400.100.50 MN - D12.776.157.325.515.100.550 MN - D12.776.476.338.400.100.50 MS - A member of GTP-binding protein of the large ras superfamily involved in regulation of membrane trafficking by modulating ENDOCYTOSIS and ACTIN CYTOSKELETON remodeling. (nih.gov)
The important components of this system are various cell membrane-associated proteins such as complement receptor 1 (CR1), complement receptor 2 (CR2), and decay accelerating factor (DAF). (medscape.com)
is caused by cytoskeletal or red cell membrane protein defects. (slideshare.net)

Dying cells also expose ligands that bind initiator molecules of the various complement pathways, so that complement activation and opsonin deposition on the dead cell surface may enhance phagocytotic clearance ( 1 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
MBL) can also be recruited by the pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3), which themselves bind to dying cells via various ligands ( 8 , 10 ). (frontiersin.org)

Genes that encode the proteins of complement components or their isotypes are distributed throughout different chromosomes, with 19 genes comprising 3 significant complement gene clusters in the human genome. (medscape.com)

They play a role in cell signaling pathways such as those involving G-PROTEINS and the HIPPO-SIGNALING PATHWAY. (nih.gov)

FH, FHR-1, and FHR-5 bound to both plasmid DNA and human genomic DNA, where both FHR proteins inhibited FH-DNA interaction. (frontiersin.org)
In case of HIV-1 infection, the interaction with extracellular viral Tat protein seems to enhance angiogenesis in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. (assaygenie.com)
In the case of ultra-diluted homeopathic medicines devoid of any drug molecule, it has been suggested that in the absence of drug-protein interaction, protein-protein interaction leads to the conformational modulation of protein molecules, where allosteric communication and synchronization of vibrating of the protein molecules play key roles. (baholafoundation.org)
The classical pathway is triggered by interaction of the Fc portion of an antibody (immunoglobulin [Ig] M, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3) or C-reactive protein with C1q. (medscape.com)

Protein Serine-threonine kinases that phosphorylate the 63-kDa subunit of AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES. (nih.gov)

SPON2, also known as spondin-2, is a cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons. (nih.gov)

Cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons. (nih.gov)

Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1 or TIM-1) is an immunoglobulin superfamily cell-surface protein not expressed by cells of the myeloid lineage but highly upregulated on the surface of injured kidney epithelial cells. (jci.org)

FHR-1 and FHR-5 bound to late apoptotic and necrotic cells and recruited monomeric C-reactive protein and pentraxin 3, and vice versa . (frontiersin.org)
Fe/Mg-Modified Carbonate Apatite with Uniform Particle Size and Unique Transport Protein-Related Protein Corona Efficiently Delivers Doxorubicin into Breast Cancer Cells. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we modified the nano-carrier by partially substituting Ca2+ with Mg2+ and Fe3+ into a basic lattice structure of CA, forming Fe/Mg-carbonate apatite (Fe/Mg-CA) NPs with the ability to mitigate self-aggregation, form unique protein corona in the presence of serum and efficiently deliver doxorubicin (DOX), an anti-cancer drug into breast cancer cells. (omicsdi.org)

In other cases, the only evidence of a flare is a laboratory test showing a low white blood cell or platelet count or protein in the urine, for example. (nih.gov)

Notably, these pentraxins may also recruit soluble complement regulators, such as factor H (FH) and C4b-binding protein (C4BP), which in turn limit excessive complement activation on the surface ( 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
Recently multiple groups have shown that the major adenovirus capsid protein (hexon) has a high-affinity binding site for coagulation Factor X (FX) and that FX plays a central role in the ability of Ad vectors to transduce the liver. (nih.gov)

The FH-related (FHR) proteins share common ligands with FH, due to their homology with this complement regulator, but they lack the domains that mediate the complement inhibitory activity of FH. (frontiersin.org)

It is C3b that binds to the surface of the particle and serves as an opsonin. (microbenotes.com)

2 isoforms of the human protein are produced by alternative splicing. (assaygenie.com)
A German biochemist Karl Land Steiner (1901) confirmed the presence of two types of proteins in the human blood. (physicscatalyst.com)

Here it is proposed that homeopathy is a form of protein-based immunotherapy and the immunogenic proteins exist in the microbial lysates, which are present in the homeopathic medicines. (baholafoundation.org)
The drugs in the homeopathic medicines modulate the conformations and, in essence, the immunogenicity of the proteins present in the medicines. (baholafoundation.org)

As compared to other crystallographic structures of free form AKs, AKmt is more compact, with the AMP(bd) domain closer to the CORE of the protein. (pasteur.fr)

They have a red- coloured iron containing complex protein called hemoglobin. (physicscatalyst.com)

Primary function of lymphocytes is to produce anti- bodies & opsonins . (physicscatalyst.com)

The first member of the Angiopoietin-like protein family to be discovered. (nih.gov)

The protein has a central CORE domain, composed of a five-stranded parallel beta-sheet surrounded by seven alpha-helices, and two peripheral domains, AMPbd and LID. (pasteur.fr)

Anatomy10

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes9

Health Care1

2-Deoxyglucose selectively inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages II. Dissociation of the inhibitory effects of 2-deoxyglucose on phagocytosis and ATP generation. (1/1165)

Influenza A virus accelerates neutrophil apoptosis and markedly potentiates apoptotic effects of bacteria. (2/1165)

Role of antibody and complement in opsonization of group B streptococci. (3/1165)

Type-specific opsonophagocytosis of group A Streptococcus by use of a rapid chemiluminescence assay. (4/1165)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein F epitopes are highly immunogenic in mice when expressed on a plant virus. (5/1165)

Participation of cofilin in opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells through rapid dephosphorylation and translocation to plasma membranes. (6/1165)

Relationship between cell surface carbohydrates and intrastrain variation on opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (7/1165)

Avidity as a determinant of the protective efficacy of human antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. (8/1165)

No images available that match "opsonin proteins"

Opsonin Proteins

Phagocytosis

Neutrophils

Mononuclear Phagocyte System

Complement System Proteins

Blood Bactericidal Activity

Hemocytes

Cryptococcus

Luminescent Measurements

Collectins

Endocarditis, Subacute Bacterial

Complement C3b

Complement Pathway, Alternative

Schistosomatidae

Complement Activation

Zymosan

Respiratory Burst

Phagocytes

Mannose-Binding Lectin

Macrophages

Complement Pathway, Classical

Cryptococcus neoformans

Antibodies, Bacterial

Complement C1q

Immunoglobulin G

Leukocytes

Receptors, Complement

Complement C4

Neisseria meningitidis

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Meningococcal Infections

Mannans

Staphylococcus aureus

Immune Sera

Macrophage-1 Antigen

Serum Amyloid P-Component

Hot Temperature

Coxiella burnetii

Lectins

Receptors, Complement 3b

Antibodies, Fungal

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus agalactiae

Blood

Q Fever

Fibronectins

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staphylococcus

Receptors, IgG

Receptors, Fc

Antibodies

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Receptors, Immunologic

Rabbits

Bacterial Adhesion

Escherichia coli

Immunoglobulin M

Carrier Proteins

Monocytes

Antigens, Bacterial

Immunity, Innate

Cells, Cultured

2-Deoxyglucose selectively inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages II. Dissociation of the inhibitory effects of 2-deoxyglucose on phagocytosis and ATP generation. (1/1165)

Influenza A virus accelerates neutrophil apoptosis and markedly potentiates apoptotic effects of bacteria. (2/1165)

Role of antibody and complement in opsonization of group B streptococci. (3/1165)

Type-specific opsonophagocytosis of group A Streptococcus by use of a rapid chemiluminescence assay. (4/1165)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein F epitopes are highly immunogenic in mice when expressed on a plant virus. (5/1165)

Participation of cofilin in opsonized zymosan-triggered activation of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells through rapid dephosphorylation and translocation to plasma membranes. (6/1165)

Relationship between cell surface carbohydrates and intrastrain variation on opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (7/1165)

Avidity as a determinant of the protective efficacy of human antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. (8/1165)

Collectin

Phagocyte

Phagoptosis

DMBT1

Opsonin

Thioester-containing protein 1

Proteins produced and secreted by the liver

List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)

Surfactant protein D