Open reading frames. Medical search

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

In bacteria, a group of metabolically related genes, with a common promoter, whose transcription into a single polycistronic MESSENGER RNA is under the control of an OPERATOR REGION.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The three possible sequences of CODONS by which GENETIC TRANSLATION may occur from one nucleotide sequence. A segment of mRNA 5'AUCCGA3' could be translated as 5'AUC.. or 5'UCC.. or 5'CCG.., depending on the location of the START CODON.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

A codon that directs initiation of protein translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) by stimulating the binding of initiator tRNA (RNA, TRANSFER, MET). In prokaryotes, the codons AUG or GUG can act as initiators while in eukaryotes, AUG is the only initiator codon.

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

The type species of VARICELLOVIRUS causing CHICKENPOX (varicella) and HERPES ZOSTER (shingles) in humans.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

A type of mutation in which a number of NUCLEOTIDES deleted from or inserted into a protein coding sequence is not divisible by three, thereby causing an alteration in the READING FRAMES of the entire coding sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of MUTAGENS or may occur spontaneously.

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.

A directed change in translational READING FRAMES that allows the production of a single protein from two or more OVERLAPPING GENES. The process is programmed by the nucleotide sequence of the MRNA and is sometimes also affected by the secondary or tertiary mRNA structure. It has been described mainly in VIRUSES (especially RETROVIRUSES); RETROTRANSPOSONS; and bacterial insertion elements but also in some cellular genes.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The sequential location of genes on a chromosome.

A cognitive disorder characterized by an impaired ability to comprehend written and printed words or phrases despite intact vision. This condition may be developmental or acquired. Developmental dyslexia is marked by reading achievement that falls substantially below that expected given the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education. The disturbance in reading significantly interferes with academic achievement or with activities of daily living that require reading skills. (From DSM-IV)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.

A species of gram-positive bacteria that is a common soil and water saprophyte.

A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.

A species in the genus RHADINOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, isolated from patients with AIDS-related and "classical" Kaposi sarcoma.

Multicomponent ribonucleoprotein structures found in the CYTOPLASM of all cells, and in MITOCHONDRIA, and PLASTIDS. They function in PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS via GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The relative amounts of the PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in a nucleic acid.

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Viruses infecting insects, the largest family being BACULOVIRIDAE.

Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. They are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing "blunt-ended" DNA molecules from DNA with single-stranded ends and for sensitive GENETIC TECHNIQUES such as NUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAYS that involve the detection of single-stranded DNA and RNA.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A positive-stranded RNA virus species in the genus HEPEVIRUS, causing enterically-transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis (HEPATITIS E).

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

A process of GENETIC TRANSLATION whereby the formation of a peptide chain is started. It includes assembly of the RIBOSOME components, the MESSENGER RNA coding for the polypeptide to be made, INITIATOR TRNA, and PEPTIDE INITIATION FACTORS; and placement of the first amino acid in the peptide chain. The details and components of this process are unique for prokaryotic protein biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.

Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesized just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesized immediately after the resting cell is stimulated by extracellular signals.

Genes whose nucleotide sequences overlap to some degree. The overlapped sequences may involve structural or regulatory genes of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

Enzymes that recombine DNA segments by a process which involves the formation of a synapse between two DNA helices, the cleavage of single strands from each DNA helix and the ligation of a DNA strand from one DNA helix to the other. The resulting DNA structure is called a Holliday junction which can be resolved by DNA REPLICATION or by HOLLIDAY JUNCTION RESOLVASES.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Any codon that signals the termination of genetic translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). PEPTIDE TERMINATION FACTORS bind to the stop codon and trigger the hydrolysis of the aminoacyl bond connecting the completed polypeptide to the tRNA. Terminator codons do not specify amino acids.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence A/AGCTT at the slash. HindIII is from Haemophilus influenzae R(d). Numerous isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Insects of the suborder Heterocera of the order LEPIDOPTERA.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

A non-pathogenic species of LACTOCOCCUS found in DAIRY PRODUCTS and responsible for the souring of MILK and the production of LACTIC ACID.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

A genus of the family BACULOVIRIDAE, subfamily Eubaculovirinae, characterized by the formation of crystalline, polyhedral occlusion bodies in the host cell nucleus. The type species is Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

A species of DELTAPAPILLOMAVIRUS infecting cattle.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Nucleotide sequences repeated on both the 5' and 3' ends of a sequence under consideration. For example, the hallmarks of a transposon are that it is flanked by inverted repeats on each end and the inverted repeats are flanked by direct repeats. The Delta element of Ty retrotransposons and LTRs (long terminal repeats) are examples of this concept.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Proteins transcribed from the E4 region of ADENOVIRUSES. The E4 19K protein transactivates transcription of the adenovirus E2F protein and complexes with it.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Diseases of plants.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.

A genus of PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily DENSOVIRINAE, comprising helper-independent viruses containing only two species. Junonia coenia densovirus is the type species.

The heritable modification of the properties of a competent bacterium by naked DNA from another source. The uptake of naked DNA is a naturally occuring phenomenon in some bacteria. It is often used as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

The type species of RHADINOVIRUS, in the subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, isolated from squirrel monkeys. It produces malignant lymphomas (LYMPHOMA, MALIGNANT) in inoculated marmosets or owl monkeys.

A family of BACTERIOPHAGES and ARCHAEAL VIRUSES which are characterized by complex contractile tails.

Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.

A subfamily of HERPESVIRIDAE characterized by variable reproductive cycles. The genera include: LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS and RHADINOVIRUS.

Substances elaborated by specific strains of bacteria that are lethal against other strains of the same or related species. They are protein or lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes used in taxonomy studies of bacteria.

Proteins from the family Retroviridae. The most frequently encountered member of this family is the Rous sarcoma virus protein.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

DNA sequences recognized as signals to end GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

In vivo expression of the nucleolar group I intron-encoded I-dirI homing endonuclease involves the removal of a spliceosomal intron. (1/11650)

The Didymium iridis DiSSU1 intron is located in the nuclear SSU rDNA and has an unusual twin-ribozyme organization. One of the ribozymes (DiGIR2) catalyses intron excision and exon ligation. The other ribozyme (DiGIR1), which along with the endonuclease-encoding I-DirI open reading frame (ORF) is inserted in DiGIR2, carries out hydrolysis at internal processing sites (IPS1 and IPS2) located at its 3' end. Examination of the in vivo expression of DiSSU1 shows that after excision, DiSSU1 is matured further into the I-DirI mRNA by internal DiGIR1-catalysed cleavage upstream of the ORF 5' end, as well as truncation and polyadenylation downstream of the ORF 3' end. A spliceosomal intron, the first to be reported within a group I intron and the rDNA, is removed before the I-DirI mRNA associates with the polysomes. Taken together, our results imply that DiSSU1 uses a unique combination of intron-supplied ribozyme activity and adaptation to the general RNA polymerase II pathway of mRNA expression to allow a protein to be produced from the RNA polymerase I-transcribed rDNA. (+info)

A premature termination codon interferes with the nuclear function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner. (2/11650)

Premature translation termination codon (PTC)-mediated effects on nuclear RNA processing have been shown to be associated with a number of human genetic diseases; however, how these PTCs mediate such effects in the nucleus is unclear. A PTC at nucleotide (nt) 2018 that lies adjacent to the 5' element of a bipartite exon splicing enhancer within the NS2-specific exon of minute virus of mice P4 promoter-generated pre-mRNA caused a decrease in the accumulated levels of P4-generated R2 mRNA relative to P4-generated R1 mRNA, although the total accumulated levels of P4 product remained the same. This effect was seen in nuclear RNA and was independent of RNA stability. The 5' and 3' elements of the bipartite NS2-specific exon enhancer are redundant in function, and when the 2018 PTC was combined with a deletion of the 3' enhancer element, the exon was skipped in the majority of the viral P4-generated product. Such exon skipping in response to a PTC, but not a missense mutation at nt 2018, could be suppressed by frame shift mutations in either exon of NS2 which reopened the NS2 open reading frame, as well as by improvement of the upstream intron 3' splice site. These results suggest that a PTC can interfere with the function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner and that the PTC is recognized in the nucleus. (+info)

Comparative sequence analysis of human minisatellites showing meiotic repeat instability. (3/11650)

The highly variable human minisatellites MS32 (D1S8), MS31A (D7S21), and CEB1 (D2S90) all show recombination-based repeat instability restricted to the germline. Mutation usually results in polar interallelic conversion or occasionally in crossovers, which, at MS32 at least, extend into DNA flanking the repeat array, defining a localized recombination hotspot and suggesting that cis-acting elements in flanking DNA can influence repeat instability. Therefore, comparative sequence analysis was performed to search for common flanking elements associated with these unstable loci. All three minisatellites are located in GC-rich DNA abundant in dispersed and tandem repetitive elements. There were no significant sequence similarities between different loci upstream of the unstable end of the repeat array. Only one of the three loci showed clear evidence for putative coding sequences near the minisatellite. No consistent patterns of thermal stability or DNA secondary structure were shared by DNA flanking these loci. This work extends previous data on the genomic environment of minisatellites. In addition, this work suggests that recombinational activity is not controlled by primary or secondary characteristics of the DNA sequence flanking the repeat array and is not obviously associated with gene promoters as seen in yeast. (+info)

Kinetoplast DNA minicircles of Leishmania donovani express a protein product. (4/11650)

We describe an unprecedented finding of an open reading frame present in the variable region in one of the minicircle sequence classes of a human pathogenic strain of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/IN/90/RMRI 68) which is transcribed and translated. The encoded protein showed homologies to known transport proteins. (+info)

Identification of a cytolethal distending toxin gene locus and features of a virulence-associated region in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. (5/11650)

A genetic locus for a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was identified in a polymorphic region of the chromosome of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a predominant oral pathogen. The locus was comprised of three open reading frames (ORFs) that had significant amino acid sequence similarity and more than 90% sequence identity to the cdtABC genes of some pathogenic Escherichia coli strains and Haemophilus ducreyi, respectively. Sonic extracts from recombinant E. coli, containing the A. actinomycetemcomitans ORFs, caused the distension and killing of Chinese hamster ovary cells characteristic of a CDT. Monoclonal antibodies made reactive with the CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC proteins of H. ducreyi recognized the corresponding gene products from the recombinant strain. CDT-like activities were no longer expressed by the recombinant strain when an OmegaKan-2 interposon was inserted into the cdtA and cdtB genes. Expression of the CDT-like activities in A. actinomycetemcomitans was strain specific. Naturally occurring expression-negative strains had large deletions within the region of the cdt locus. The cdtABC genes were flanked by an ORF (virulence plasmid protein), a partial ORF (integrase), and DNA sequences (bacteriophage integration site) characteristic of virulence-associated regions. These results provide evidence for a functional CDT in a human oral pathogen. (+info)

Complete nucleotide sequence of the 27-kilobase virulence related locus (vrl) of Dichelobacter nodosus: evidence for extrachromosomal origin. (6/11650)

The vrl locus is preferentially associated with virulent isolates of the ovine footrot pathogen, Dichelobacter nodosus. The complete nucleotide sequence of this 27.1-kb region has now been determined. The data reveal that the locus has a G+C content much higher than the rest of the D. nodosus chromosome and contains 22 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding products including a putative adenine-specific methylase, two potential DEAH ATP-dependent helicases, and two products with sequence similarity to a bacteriophage resistance system. These ORFs are all in the same orientation, and most are either overlapping or separated by only a few nucleotides, suggesting that they comprise an operon and are translationally coupled. Expression vector studies have led to the identification of proteins that correspond to many of these ORFs. These data, in combination with evidence of insertion of vrl into the 3' end of an ssrA gene, are consistent with the hypothesis that the vrl locus was derived from the insertion of a bacteriophage or plasmid into the D. nodosus genome. (+info)

Characterization of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis lbpB, lbpA, and lactoferrin receptor orf3 isogenic mutants. (7/11650)

Pathogenic members of the family Neisseriaceae produce specific receptors to acquire iron from their host's lactoferrin and transferrin. Recently, putative Moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes and a third open reading frame (lbpB, lbpA, and orf3) were cloned and sequenced. We describe the preliminary characterization of isogenic mutants deficient in LbpB, LbpA, or Orf3 protein. (+info)

Cloning, molecular analysis and differential cell localisation of the p36 RACK analogue antigen from the parasite protozoon Crithidia fasciculata. (8/11650)

The family of the RACK molecules (receptors for activated C kinases) are present in all the species studied so far. In the genus Leishmania, these molecules also induce a strong immune reaction against the infection. We have cloned and characterised the gene that encodes the RACK analogue from the parasite trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata (CACK). The molecule seems to be encoded by two genes. The sequence analysis of the cloned open reading frame indicates the existence of a high degree of conservation not only with other members of the Trypanosomatidae but also with mammalians. The study of the protein kinase C phosphorylation sites shows the presence of three of them, shared with the mammalian species, additional to those present in the other protozoa suggesting a certain phylogenetic distance between the protozoon Crithidia fasciculata and the rest of the Trypanosomatidae. The CACK-encoded polypeptide shows an additional sequence of four amino acids at the carboxy-terminal end, which produces a different folding of the fragment with the presence of an alpha-helix instead of the beta-sheet usual in all the other species studied. A similar result is elicited at the amino-terminal end by the change of three amino acid residues. The immunolocalisation experiments show that the CACK displays a pattern with a distribution mainly at the plasma membrane, different from that of the related Leishmania species used as control, that displays a distribution close to the nucleus. Altogether, the data suggest that the existence of the structural differences found may have functional consequences. (+info)

The ORF Finder (Open Reading Frame Finder) is a graphical analysis tool which finds all open reading frames of a selectable ... where only one of the six possible reading frames will be "open" (the "reading", however, refers to the RNA produced by ... In molecular biology, open reading frames (ORFs) are defined as spans of DNA sequence between the start and stop codons. ... One common use of open reading frames (ORFs) is as one piece of evidence to assist in gene prediction. Long ORFs are often used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_reading_frame

An upstream open reading frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of an mRNA. ... Calvo SE, Pagliarini DJ, Mootha VK (May 2009). "Upstream open reading frames cause widespread reduction of protein expression ... "Peptidomic discovery of short open reading frame-encoded peptides in human cells". Nature Chemical Biology. 9 (1): 59-64. doi: ... "Regulation of fungal gene expression via short open reading frames in the mRNA 5'untranslated region". Molecular Microbiology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_open_reading_frame

... (C1orf194) is a gene from Homo sapiens. The function of the protein coded by the gene is ... "C1orf194 chromosome 1 open reading frame 194 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_1_open_reading_frame_194

A short open reading frame upstream of the main open reading frame may reduce efficiency of translation. The 3' untranslated ... Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf43 gene. The gene is also known as ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43". Butland SL, Devon RS, Huang Y, Mead CL, Meynert AM, Neal SJ, Lee SS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_9_open_reading_frame_43

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf91 gene. EURL is a structural protein ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 21 open reading frame 91". Retrieved 2017-06-01. Li SS, Qu Z, Haas M, Ngo L, Heo YJ, Kang HJ, et al. ( ... It is also known as C21orf 91 (Chromosome 21 open reading frame 91). This gene produces many molecules; among them is a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_21_open_reading_frame_91

... , or most commonly known as C20orf85 is a gene that encodes for the C20orf85 Protein ( ... "C20orf85 chromosome 20 open reading frame 85 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-20 ... "C20orf85 chromosome 20 open reading frame 85 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-20 ... "Homo sapiens chromosome 20 open reading frame 85 (C20orf85), mRNA". 2021-04-16. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires , ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_20_open_reading_frame_85

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C4orf50 gene. The protein localizes in the ... "C4orf50 chromosome 4 open reading frame 50 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-29. " ... "PREDICTED: Homo sapiens chromosome 4 open reading frame 50 (C4orf50), transcript variant X2, mRNA". 2022-04-05. {{cite journal ... The gene's longest isoform consists of 11 exons, a coding sequence of 6370 nucleotides, and an upstream in-frame stop codon. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4_open_reading_frame_50

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf135 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 9 open reading frame 135". Retrieved 2016-03-18. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_9_open_reading_frame_135

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C17orf67 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 17 open reading frame 67". Retrieved 2016-08-02. Sovio U, Bennett AJ, Millwood IY, Molitor J, O'Reilly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_17_open_reading_frame_67

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C19orf33 gene. The protein encoded by this ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 19 open reading frame 33". Retrieved 2018-10-23. Itoh H, Kataoka H, Yamauchi M, Naganuma S, Akiyama Y, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_19_open_reading_frame_33

... is a protein that in humans is coded by the c4orf54 gene. This gene is also known as FOPV ( ... Human chromosome 4 open reading frame 54(c4orf54) is made up of 10451 nucleotides from chromosome 4, map 4q23(chr4:99,636,529- ... entry on Homo sapiens chromosome 4 open reading frame 54 (C4orf54), mRNA". 8 June 2022. "Prediction of Protein sorting Signals ... entry on C4orf54 chromosome 4 open reading frame 54 [ Homo sapiens (human)". "NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4_open_reading_frame_54

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C6orf203 gene. C6orf203 protein is reported ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 6 open reading frame 203". Retrieved 2018-05-11. Gopalakrishna S, Pearce SF, Dinan AM, Schober FA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_6_open_reading_frame_203

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXorf57 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome X open reading frame 57". Retrieved 2017-10-26. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_X_open_reading_frame_57

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C11orf80 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 11 open reading frame 80". Retrieved 2018-01-20. v t e (Genes on human chromosome 11, All stub articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_11_open_reading_frame_80

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf116 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 9 open reading frame 116". Retrieved 2016-05-03. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_9_open_reading_frame_116

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C1orf162 gene. It has been found to be ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 1 open reading frame 162". Retrieved 2016-05-09. "NCBI GenBank". 19 March 2015. "GeneCards". "NCBI Gene ... Isoform 2 uses an alternate in-frame splice site and is shorter than isoform 1. Isoform 3 lacks an alternate in-frame exon and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_1_open_reading_frame_162

"Andrea Pauli , Open Reading Frames (ORFs) , Development , Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP)". The Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Pauli

Its genome is 38,760 base pairs long with 65.3% of GC content and 5′-extruding cohesive ends; contains 51 open reading frames. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralstonia_virus_RSA1

There are 11 open reading frames. Segments 1-3 encode viral proteins (VP)1-3, segments 4,7,8,9 and 11 code for non-structural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_shiner_virus

It encodes nine open reading frames. Two of these encode the structural proteins VP3 and VP4. Another (VP8) seems likely to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halorubrum_pleomorphic_virus_1

An open reading frame (ORF) is a reading frame that has the potential to be transcribed into RNA and translated into protein. ... In general, at the most, one reading frame in a given section of a nucleic acid, is biologically relevant (open reading frame ... the corresponding open reading frame was called an unidentified reading frame (URF). For example, the MT-ATP8 gene was first ... overlapping reading frames. There is one known example of overlapping reading frames in mammalian mitochondrial DNA: coding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_frame

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambdatorquevirus

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicistroviridae

The G+C content is 68.4%. It encodes 56 open reading frames (ORFs).[citation needed] The structural proteins correspond to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloarcula_hispanica_SH1_virus

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichomonasvirus

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giardiavirus

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by virus remains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorivirus

The genome has 2 open reading frames. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparavirus

It has eight open reading frames (ORFs). VP3 and VP4 are encoded by ORF3 and ORF4 respectively.[citation needed] ORF1 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloarcula_hispanica_pleomorphic_virus_1

The genome has 67 open reading frames. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betalipothrixvirus

... "read only Chekhov's novels!" Raymond Tallis further recounts that Vladimir Lenin believed his reading of the short story Ward ... Open Library ID different from Wikidata, Articles with Open Library links, Articles with ISNI identifiers, Articles with VIAF ... These stories are inconclusive, we say, and proceed to frame a criticism based upon the assumption that stories ought to ... When Vladimir finished reading this story, he was seized with such a horror that he could not bear to stay in his room. He went ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Chekhov

We are also getting up a library for circulation among those who can read, and are about establishing a reading room. In ... The first went down and opened a school, and it was filled the first day, and that mainly with adults, and those nearly grown. ... During the vacation that followed, in the absence of a majority of the professors, this purpose was framed into a law, or rule ... Weld read William Lloyd Garrison's new abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, begun in 1831, and his Thoughts on African ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane_Seminary

By applying the muon's range through matter to the open-sky muon energy spectrum, the value of the fraction of incident muon ... In 1968, the group of Alvarez used spark chambers with a digital read out for their Pyramid experiment. Tracking data from the ... 5-6 double side coated emulsion films were set in frames with stainless steel plates for shielding to be installed in 3 regions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_tomography

"Genetic polymorphism across regions of the three open reading frames of "Norwalk-like viruses"". Arch. Virol. 145 (2): 223-41. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus

On opening it catered for around 60 children, but numbers had grown to around 100 by 1850. St Giles' Infant School was ... Part of his entry for 25 July 1663 reads: "I went towards Ashted, my old place of pleasure... and there we got a lodging in a ... The building has a timber-framed core, but the frontage was extended in the early 20th century. It is protected by a Grade II ... A new organ chamber was built at the same time and new arches were opened in the walls of the chancel and north aisle. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashtead

... proximal open reading frame of the M2 mRNA in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development. Proceedings of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_R._Murphy

In the United Kingdom, Sub Club opening in Glasgow in 1987 and Trade which opened its doors to Londoners in 1990 were ... Underground also points to the sociological function of the music, framing it as one type of music that in order to have ... UK), 1988 (LP: DIXG 75; CD: DIXCD 75). Cox, C.(Author), Warner D (Editor), Audio Culture: Readings in Modern Music, Continuum ... In Berlin, following the closure of a free party venue called Ufo, the club Tresor opened in 1991. The venue was for a time the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno

"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Open Reading Frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and Nucleocapsid Proteins Function as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_nucleocapsid_protein

There is an inscription on the archway entrance to the left part of the church, that reads 1838. On the same floor as the ... with the opening scheduled for around 2022. The church is since 2021 the headquarters of the Horta's Sacred Art Museum, a ... framed by an investment of figurative azulejo tile that is equally Joanino in character. Noé, Paula (2007), SIPA (ed.), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convent_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Carmo_(Horta)

Following the September 16, 2020, presentation, Sony stated that pre-orders for the console were to open at various retailers ... an AMD GPU capable of 4K resolution display at up to 120 frames per second, hardware-accelerated ray tracing for realistic ... Cerny stated that a fast SSD was the top request from game developers so the goal not only was to have a theoretical raw read ... "so that they can benefit from higher or more stable frame rates and potentially higher resolutions". Players can synchronize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_5

"They are reading the newspaper." Intedna kaniak. "He gave it to me." Examples of oblique personal pronouns: Imbagam kaniana! " ... Open-Syllable Reduplication kayong, brother-in-law kakayong, brothers-in-law Closed-Syllable Reduplication ima, hand im-ima, ... Adverbial forms can set the temporal frame of the clause it introduces and usually corresponds to "when" or "before" referring ... to objects or events not visible to either the speaker or the listener and occurred or existed before the current time frame. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocano_grammar

To actually wrap up what you've opened and experienced with him." The creative director of the series, Jean Guesdon, said that ... with his journey and development making up the frame story that unites the first five Assassin's Creed games. He has also been ... This allows him to discern friend from foe and to read cryptic messages written on walls and floors by Subject 16, the previous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Miles

Doors that can be opened are highlighted in green, and gates that cannot be opened yet are highlighted in red. As the player ... The new versions improved stability of the 60 frames per second ("performance") mode, added support for higher resolutions, and ... that Trilla had a British dialect when she first read the script. The character first appeared in comic series Darth Vader: ... The block meter will deplete gradually as it blocks incoming attacks, eventually opening a window of opportunity for opponents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars_Jedi:_Fallen_Order

This refers to treatment of religion as an open-ended search. More specifically, it has been seen by Batson as comprising a ... According to Fromm, humans need a stable frame of reference. Religion fills this need. In effect, humans crave answers to ... Empirical studies suggest that mindfully reading and reciting the Psalms (from scripture) can help a person calm down and focus ... Mature religious sentiment is how Allport characterized the person whose approach to religion is dynamic, open-minded, and able ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_religion

A dispute erupted when the opening credits were originally planned to read "Developed by Cynthia Cidre, based on Dallas created ... s plot against Cliff Barnes to frame Cliff for his death (knowing his cancer would eventually take his life). Bum later begins ... The opening sequence features a shortened version of the original theme music, and echoes the original series opening with ... The season 3 titles feature the return of the iconic threeway split-screen opening, similar to those used in the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_(2012_TV_series)

Therefore, in about July 1933 Onrust Dock of 3,000 tons was towed to open sea. The valves were opened, and so it sank in 300 ... Their cargo consisted of 498,000 of sheet iron, 91,200 kg of angle- and T-Iron bars up to 13 m long, 165,000 kg of frames and ... The list of 17 contestants reads like a who's who of Dutch industry at the time. Van Vlissingen en Dudok van Heel was the ... On the open sea she was towed by Timor and Ardjoeno, with Amsterdam on guard. On 4 November 1869 the convoy with Onrust Dock of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onrust_Dock_of_3,000_tons

Frame buildings began being used throughout the county by the 1860s. Educational emphasis in the classroom was originally ... "Petoskey Plastics Will Open Facility in Hartford City". Inside Indiana.com. 2006. Archived from the original on September 28, ... Ralph D. Gray (1994). Indiana History: A Book of Readings. Indiana University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-253-32629-4. DE WITT C. ... See 8/10/2006 article "Petoskey Plastics Will Open Facility in Hartford City" on the Inside Indiana Business web site for a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hartford_City,_Indiana

But the only king of the 19th and 20th Dynasties who ascended the throne in such a time-frame is Ramesses VI. While the exact ... This is indicated by a text on the verso of Ostracon Berlin P. 12654, which reads "So says the vizier: leave these sixty men ... In 1898, Georges Émile Jules Daressy cleared KV9, which had remained opened since antiquity, uncovering fragments of a large ... The filiation of Ramesses VII is established by an inscription on a doorjamb from Deir el-Medinaeh which reads "the good god, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesses_VI

Moses H. Gulesian read about this in a Boston newspaper; he was a businessman from Worcester, Massachusetts, and he offered to ... She is open to the public year-round. The privately run USS Constitution Museum is nearby, located in a restored shipyard ... picture frames, and even a phaeton, which was presented to President Andrew Jackson. Meanwhile, Elliot directed the ... Guerriere opened fire upon entering range of Constitution, doing little damage. After a few exchanges of cannon fire between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Constitution

Best Book Reads. ISBN 9781311676696. "The real stars of Bollywood". Rediff. 11 March 2004. Archived from the original on 10 ... On 29 July 2011, India's Got Talent aired on Colors with Dharmendra as the new judge and surpassed the opening ratings of the ... Rangaraj, R. (14 March 2007). "FICCI-Frames award for Kamal Haasan". Channai Online. Archived from the original on 23 October ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmendra

... "developing the frames of reference [satipaṭṭhāna] is a precondition for jhana" and that "the proper development of the frames ... Bhante Gunaratana similarly notes that this practice "opens the mind to accepting our body as it is right now, without our ... Analayo agrees with Gethin, who argues instead for a reading of apilapati (or abhilapati) which means "reminding". Furthermore ... The task here is a dual one-remaining focused on one's frame of reference [satipaṭṭhāna], and putting aside the distractions of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satipatthana

... unlike a plug door which opens inward and jams against its frame as the pressure drops outside, making accidental opening at ... 2 The N1 reading of engine number 4 soon fell to almost zero, its EGT reading was high, and it was emitting flames, so they ... A subrecommendation suggested replacing all outward-opening doors with inward-opening doors, which cannot open in flight due to ... Then the door opened when the pressurization loads reached a point that the latches could not hold. The NTSB learned that in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_811

Felicia stays in the house until the end of season two, where she frames Paul for her "death". This house has an actual first ... The walls around the staircase have been torn down to open up the ground floor completely. Both the upstairs and downstairs are ... but too blurry to be read properly. However, Morris, their last name, is readable. Also, one of them seems to be named Gary, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisteria_Lane

"It was so good it just opened up so much for me. I know I've got to push myself now. Winning the Choice prize is great - but ... They also played on the Festival Republic Stage during the Leeds/Reading Festival 2010 A U.S. tour was announced for October ... He has the particularly Irish gift, which he shares with The Frames and U2, for painful sincerity without mawkishness, and at ... played festivals at home and abroad and opened for the legendary Neil Young. They will be going on the road later in the month ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villagers_(band)

However, two years of planning were wasted when a fire tore through the city on the night before the re-opening. By the evening ... They took large pictures out of the frames and lowered them by rope out of the windows, eventually taking them to Garrisons ... 1866 with a company led by John Edward McCullough and James Edward Murdoch gave a reading for charity on February 5, 1866. ... It was never rebuilt, and there was no permanent venue for opera in the city until the Chicago Opera House opened in 1885. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosby's_Opera_House

"Entrez Gene: Chromosome 2 open reading frame 40". Retrieved 2018-09-05. Yue CM, Deng DJ, Bi MX, Guo LP, Lu SH (June 2003). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augurin

The opening chorus, "Es ist das Heil uns kommen her" (It is our salvation come here to us), is a chorale fantasia, the vocal ... The cantata is structured in seven movements, framed as the earlier chorale cantatas by a chorale fantasia and a chorale four- ... The prescribed readings for the Sunday are from the Epistle to the Romans, "By Christ's death we are dead for sin" (Romans 6:3- ... Bach structured the cantata in seven movements, framing by a chorale fantasia and a closing chorale a sequence of alternating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_ist_das_Heil_uns_kommen_her,_BWV_9

Stuart Read, pers.comm., 10/10/2012 NT Cooma Cottage CMP, 1987/88 :13 National Trust, 2008,11 Spring 2007 NT Cooma Cottage CMP ... There is a central enclosed yard or "arcade", which opens to the south. The north section has a verandah which returns on its ... Cooma Cottage is a one-storey structure consisting of a number of different sections: a stud frame weatherboard northern ... The house was officially opened on 19 April 1988. The National Trust's policy for the grounds has been to conserve the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooma_Cottage

See back of Open Heart for review). Putney, Michael. Review of Open Heart: A Novel, by Frederick Buechner, Atheneum: New York, ... In his autobiographical work, Now and Then (1983), Buechner remembers the inception of the novel: I was reading a magazine as I ... and fixes it upon the fair frame of his adopted daughter, Sharon. This proves to be more than a distraction as, following ... Sharon has opened a health food store with her friend, Anita Steen, and Antonio suspects that the two have begun a romantic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Bebb

Short open reading frames (sORFs) are a common feature of all genomes, but their coding potential has mostly been disregarded, ... Emerging evidence for functional peptides encoded by short open reading frames Nat Rev Genet. 2014 Mar;15(3):193-204. doi: ... Short open reading frames (sORFs) are a common feature of all genomes, but their coding potential has mostly been disregarded, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24514441/?dopt=Abstract

chromosome 12 open reading frame 76provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:33790 See related. Ensembl:ENSG00000174456 ... C12orf76 chromosome 12 open reading frame 76 [ Homo sapiens (human) ] Gene ID: 400073, updated on 4-Nov-2022 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/400073

1 ATGGGCGCCT CCAGGCTCTA TACCCTGGTG CTGGTCCTGC AGCCTCAGCG AGTTCTCCTG 61 GGCATGAAAA AGCGAGGCTT CGGGGCCGGC CGGTGGAATG GCTTTGGGGG CAAAGTGCAA 121 GAAGGAGAGA CCATCGAGGA TGGGGCTAGG AGGGAGCTGC AGGAGGAGAG CGGTCTGACA 181 GTGGACGCCC TGCACAAGGT GGGCCAGATC GTGTTTGAGT TCGTGGGCGA GCCTGAGCTC 241 ATGGACGTGC ATGTCTTCTG CACAGACAGC ATCCAGGGGA CCCCCGTGGA GAGCGACGAA 301 ATGCGCCCAT GCTGGTTCCA GCTGGATCAG ATCCCCTTCA AGGACATGTG GCCCGACGAC 361 AGCTACTGGT TTCCACTCCT GCTTCAGAAG AAGAAATTCC ACGGGTACTT CAAGTTCCAG 421 GGTCAGGACA CCATCCTGGA CTACACACTC CGCGAGGTGG ACACGGTCTA G ...

https://genomics.senescence.info/genes/seq.php?id=296&type=orf

Similarity of Minus Origins of Replication and Flanking Open Reading Frames of Plasmids Pub110, Ptb913 and Pmv158. ... Similarity of Minus Origins of Replication and Flanking Open Reading Frames of Plasmids Pub110, Ptb913 and Pmv158 ... Similarity of Minus Origins of Replication and Flanking Open Reading Frames of Plasmids Pub110, Ptb913 and Pmv158. Nucleic ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/similarity-minus-origins-replication-and-flanking-open-reading-frames-plasmids-pub110

Use of homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 28 (c1orf28) in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (U. ... Use of homo sapiens chromosome 1 open reading frame 28 (c1orf28) in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (U. ...

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/research-funding/technology-advancement-transfer/research-materials-licensing/homo-sapiens-chromosome-1-hyperparathyroidism

Hence Grey Tuesday, a day of online civil disobedience on which sites all over the web will be turning grey in support of artistic freedom from greedy corporate pirates and offering the Grey Album in mp3 format. I couldnt turn this site grey if my life depended on it (html is a dialect of Martian, right?), and I frankly dont have the stones to host the mp3s. My immigration status is somewhat delicate and I just dont need the kind of legal aggravation that bastards with deep pockets and squads of attack lawyers like EMI could give me. Linkage is the best I can do for now. Waxy first made me aware of the issue; mathowie and 6foot6 both have the album and a great, thoughtful post to go with it; and greytuesday.org is the official site and has lists of all participating sites. ...

https://sennoma.net/?p=72

In this study, we develop a novel approach to select and jointly enrich long open reading frames (ORFs) and ultraconserved ... This file contains all open reading frames (ORFs) that were considered for our orthology assessment. More precisely, we first ... This file contains the final concatenated alignment of our open reading frames (after all cleaning procedures) as used for ... This file contains the final variant calling information for our open reading frames (exons only, without intronic/intergenic ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8gc

Recombinant Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 89 (C9orf89) Protein (His tag). Spezies: Human. Quelle: Escherichia coli (E. coli ... C9orf89 (Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 89 (C9orf89)) Protein-Typ Recombinant Spezies Alle Spezies für C9orf89 Proteine * ... Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 89 (C9orf89) (AA 1-183) protein (GST tag) C9orf89 Spezies: Human Wirt: Wheat germ Recombinant ... Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 89 (C9orf89) (AA 1-183) protein (rho-1D4 tag) Crystallography grade C9orf89 Spezies: Maus Wirt ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/protein/2715274/Chromosome+9+Open+Reading+Frame+89+C9orf89+protein+His+tag/

Recombinant Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 90 (C21ORF90) Protein (His tag). Species: Human. Source: Insect Cells. Order ... C21ORF90 (Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 90 (C21ORF90)) Protein Type Recombinant Protein Characteristics AA 1-65 Origin Human ... C21ORF90 (Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 90 (C21ORF90)) Alternative Name TSPEAR-AS2 Synonyms TSPEAR antisense RNA 2, TSPEAR- ... C21ORF90 Protein (Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 90) (AA 1-65) (His tag). Crystallography grade C21ORF90 Origin: Human Host: ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/protein/3074904/Chromosome+21+Open+Reading+Frame+90+C21ORF90+AA+1-65+protein+His+tag/

Open reading frames and translational control. Kessel, M., & Gruss, P. (1988). Open reading frames and translational control. ... Open reading frames and translational control. ...

https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemFullPage.jsp?itemId=item_2479334

... or open reading frames) on our new assemblies. Well do that using a so... ...

https://www.protocols.io/view/week-4-calling-open-reading-frames-with-prodigal-u-4r3l293jv1y9/v1

Link, A. J., & LaBaer, J. (2008). High-throughput cloning of open reading frames (ORFs): Assembling large sets of expression ... High-throughput cloning of open reading frames (ORFs) : Assembling large sets of expression constructs. / Link, Andrew J.; ... Link, AJ & LaBaer, J 2008, High-throughput cloning of open reading frames (ORFs): Assembling large sets of expression ... High-throughput cloning of open reading frames (ORFs): Assembling large sets of expression constructs. Cold Spring Harbor ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/high-throughput-cloning-of-open-reading-frames-orfs-assembling-la

Open Reading Frame. Search. Main menu. *Home. Tag Archives: OVID. After a long stagnation, is CNS starting to crack?. Posted on ...

https://orf-blog.com/tag/ovid/

Open Reading Frames (ORFs). In total, 73 ORFs were identified by MFannot in addition to the conserved genes (Supplementary ... Open reading frames (ORFs > 100 bp) in the intergenic and intronic regions were predicted by MFannot (Valach et al., 2014). ... nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of two overlapping open reading frames on opposite strands. EMBO J. 6, 2123-2129. ... with an average read length of 8993 bp and a longest read length of 39,358 bp, reaching an average depth of 167 X. The mt ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01422/full

An accessory open reading frame (orf-x) of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is conserved between different virus isolates. In: Virus ... An accessory open reading frame (orf-x) of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is conserved between different virus isolates. Virus ... An additional open reading frame (orf-x), of approximately 500 bp overlapping pol, is present in the only two complete ... An accessory open reading frame (orf-x) of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is conserved between different virus isolates. / Rosati ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-accessory-open-reading-frame-orf-x-of-jaagsiekte-sheep-retrovi

Pervasive functional translation of noncanonical human open reading frames. Jin Chen, Andreas David Brunner, J. Zachery Cogan, ... Dive into the research topics of Pervasive functional translation of noncanonical human open reading frames. Together they ...

https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/pervasive-functional-translation-of-noncanonical-human-open-readi-3/fingerprints/

I translated the DNA fasta file into its correspondent 6 reading possibe reading frames so as to explore which one is open. I ... Therefore, I am facing a protein sequence from NCBI which is the result of merging exons from two different reading frames. ... Can exons from different reading frames coexist in a peptide sequence?. October 4, 2021 ... Open Source Biology & Genetics Interest Group. Open source scripts, reports, and preprints for in vitro biology, genetics, ...

https://opensourcebiology.eu/2021/10/04/can-exons-from-different-reading-frames-coexist-in-a-peptide-sequence/

Human cytomegalovirus UL144 open reading frame: sequence hypervariability in low-passage clinical isolates. J Virol. 1999 Dec; ... Human cytomegalovirus UL144 open reading frame: sequence hypervariability in low-passage clinical isolates.. ...

https://profiles.rush.edu/display/279280

C1ORF116 (Specifically Androgen-Regulated Gene Protein, Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 116), rabbit, Polyclonal ... C1ORF116 (Specifically Androgen-Regulated Gene Protein, Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 116), rabbit, Polyclonal. ...

https://labstore.ru/en/catalog/antitela-3/c1orf116-specifically-androgen-regulated-gene-protein-chromosome-1-open-reading-frame-116-rabbit-polyclonal/100-mkl/

Optimum growth temperature and the base composition of open reading frames in prokaryotes. *R. J. Lambros, J. Mortimer, D. ... Privacy Policy (opens in a new tab), Terms of Service (opens in a new tab), and Dataset License (opens in a new tab) ... Proudly built by AI2 (opens in a new tab). Collaborators & Attributions •Terms of Service (opens in a new tab)•Privacy Policy ( ... About UsPublishersBlog (opens in a new tab)AI2 Careers (opens in a new tab) ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Symmetry-observations-in-long-nucleotide-sequences%3A-Forsdyke/4da0209c2ec79561a420567e52e07b47cceff507?p2df

Identification of novel open reading frames in the intergenic regions of Mycobacterium leprae genome and detection of ... Identification of novel open reading frames in the intergenic regions of Mycobacterium leprae genome and detection of ... us the impetus to investigate the intergenic regions of M leprae genome for the presence of possible open reading frames (ORFs ...

https://raiith.iith.ac.in/4424/

Arrows indicate open reading frames. Small T, small T antigen; VP, viral protein; Large... ... Arrows indicate open reading frames. Small T, small T antigen; VP, viral protein;... ... Sequencing was conducted at a mean depth per sample of 8.9 × 106 paired-end reads of 100 nt (range 7.6-10.3 × 106 reads). ... Open modal Abstract. While studying the virome of the skin surface of a patient with a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by using ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/8/11-0278_article

Open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted using TransDecoder ver. r20140704 and Trinotate ver. r2014070855. The ORF with the ... PacBio (P5-C3) reads were corrected using Sprai ver. 0.9.5.1.345 and the longest 25×error-corrected reads were run with Celera ... By mapping short reads, we also found conflicts between Assembly_3 and the short reads at the nucleotide level. Of these, 1,631 ... To close the sequence gaps in the scaffolds, we first corrected sequencing errors in PacBio (P4-C2) reads using Roche 454 reads ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep16780?error=cookies_not_supported

Read Abstract + The Drosophila melanogaster genome contains 5 genes that code for soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits. Two of ... An institutional or society member subscription is required to view non-Open Access content. Contact [email protected] with ...

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-insect-science/volume-5/issue-12

2014) Translation of small open reading frames within unannotated RNA transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Rep 7(6): ... Ribosome profiling demonstrates that many bind translocating ribosomes within predicted open reading frames 10-96 codons in ...

https://www.yeastgenome.org/reference/S000176286

... infiltrating a kidney tumor recognize a peptide encoded by an alternative open reading frame (ORF) of the macrophage colony- ... An alternative open reading frame of the human macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene is independently translated and codes ... An alternative open reading frame of the human macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene is independently translated and codes ... infiltrating a kidney tumor recognize a peptide encoded by an alternative open reading frame (ORF) of the macrophage colony- ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/589381

... contains eight open reading frames (ORFs) that encode novel proteins. These accessory proteins are dispensable for in vitro and ... The open reading frame 3a protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus promotes membrane rearrangement ... The open reading frame 3a protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus promotes membrane rearrangement ... The genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) contains eight open reading frames (ORFs ...

https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/95797

... ... her-2 upstream open reading frame effects on the use of downstream initiation codons. Academic Article * ... Synthesis of HER2 is controlled in part by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) present in the transcript. We used synthetic ...

https://vivo.library.tamu.edu/vivo/display/n194309SE

A large interspersed repeat found in mouse DNA contains a long open reading frame that evolves as if it encodes a protein ( ... A large interspersed repeat found in mouse DNA contains a long open reading frame that evolves as if it encodes a protein. ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36256877

Open up reading frame (ORF) 45 of Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). posted by: admin ... Open up reading frame (ORF) 45 of Kaposis sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is definitely a tegument protein. whole viral ... In this research we show a KSHV proteins called the open up reading framework (ORF) 45 anchors recently assembled infections ...

http://www.ap26113.com/2016/12/24/open-up-reading-frame-orf-45-of-kaposis-sarcoma-associated-herpesvirus-kshv/

Anatomy11

Organisms50

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes104

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Health Care1

In vivo expression of the nucleolar group I intron-encoded I-dirI homing endonuclease involves the removal of a spliceosomal intron. (1/11650)

A premature termination codon interferes with the nuclear function of an exon splicing enhancer in an open reading frame-dependent manner. (2/11650)

Comparative sequence analysis of human minisatellites showing meiotic repeat instability. (3/11650)

Kinetoplast DNA minicircles of Leishmania donovani express a protein product. (4/11650)

Identification of a cytolethal distending toxin gene locus and features of a virulence-associated region in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. (5/11650)

Complete nucleotide sequence of the 27-kilobase virulence related locus (vrl) of Dichelobacter nodosus: evidence for extrachromosomal origin. (6/11650)

Characterization of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis lbpB, lbpA, and lactoferrin receptor orf3 isogenic mutants. (7/11650)

Cloning, molecular analysis and differential cell localisation of the p36 RACK analogue antigen from the parasite protozoon Crithidia fasciculata. (8/11650)

No FAQ available that match "open reading frames"

Open Reading Frames

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Amino Acid Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

Reading

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Genes, Bacterial

Restriction Mapping

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Sequence Alignment

DNA, Complementary

Escherichia coli

Genes, Viral

Plasmids

Viral Proteins

Bacterial Proteins

DNA, Bacterial

Transcription, Genetic

Genome, Viral

RNA, Messenger

Protein Biosynthesis

Codon

Phylogeny

Multigene Family

Genetic Complementation Test

Gene Library

DNA, Viral

Blotting, Southern

DNA Transposable Elements

Operon

Blotting, Northern

Mutation

Mutagenesis, Insertional

Genes

Chromosome Mapping

Polymerase Chain Reaction

RNA, Viral

Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial

DNA Primers

Reading Frames

DNA

Gene Expression

Recombinant Proteins

Cell Line

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

5' Untranslated Regions

Genes, Fungal

Viral Structural Proteins

Codon, Initiator

Sequence Homology

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Conserved Sequence

Molecular Weight

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Plant Viruses

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral

Introns

Genomic Library

DNA Restriction Enzymes

Species Specificity

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Gene Deletion

Virus Replication

Sequence Analysis

Herpesvirus 3, Human

DNA, Fungal

Virulence

Sequence Deletion

Genome, Bacterial

Oligonucleotide Probes

Mutagenesis

Capsid

Exons

Transfection

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Chromosomes, Bacterial

Genes, Regulator