Oocytes: Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).Oogenesis: The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).Oocyte Donation: Transfer of preovulatory oocytes from donor to a suitable host. Oocytes are collected, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to a host that can be human or animal.Oocyte Retrieval: Procedures to obtain viable OOCYTES from the host. Oocytes most often are collected by needle aspiration from OVARIAN FOLLICLES before OVULATION.Xenopus laevis: The commonest and widest ranging species of the clawed "frog" (Xenopus) in Africa. This species is used extensively in research. There is now a significant population in California derived from escaped laboratory animals.Meiosis: A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques: Methods used to induce premature oocytes, that are maintained in tissue culture, to progress through developmental stages including to a stage that is competent to undergo FERTILIZATION.Xenopus: An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.Microinjections: The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.Fertilization: The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.Metaphase: The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.Cumulus Cells: The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. At OVULATION they are extruded with OVUM.Parthenogenesis: A unisexual reproduction without the fusion of a male and a female gamete (FERTILIZATION). In parthenogenesis, an individual is formed from an unfertilized OVUM that did not complete MEIOSIS. Parthenogenesis occurs in nature and can be artificially induced.Blastocyst: A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.Ovum: A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.Sperm-Ovum Interactions: Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.Cryopreservation: Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.Ovary: The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic: An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).Embryonic Development: Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS.Embryo Transfer: The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.Zona Pellucida: A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.Maturation-Promoting Factor: Protein kinase that drives both the mitotic and meiotic cycles in all eukaryotic organisms. In meiosis it induces immature oocytes to undergo meiotic maturation. In mitosis it has a role in the G2/M phase transition. Once activated by CYCLINS; MPF directly phosphorylates some of the proteins involved in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, spindle assembly, and the degradation of cyclins. The catalytic subunit of MPF is PROTEIN P34CDC2.Spermatozoa: Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.Zygote: The fertilized OVUM resulting from the fusion of a male and a female gamete.Cleavage Stage, Ovum: The earliest developmental stage of a fertilized ovum (ZYGOTE) during which there are several mitotic divisions within the ZONA PELLUCIDA. Each cleavage or segmentation yields two BLASTOMERES of about half size of the parent cell. This cleavage stage generally covers the period up to 16-cell MORULA.Embryo Culture Techniques: The technique of maintaining or growing mammalian EMBRYOS in vitro. This method offers an opportunity to observe EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT; METABOLISM; and susceptibility to TERATOGENS.RNA, Complementary: Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Egg Proteins: Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.Nuclear Transfer Techniques: Methods of implanting a CELL NUCLEUS from a donor cell into an enucleated acceptor cell.Follicular Fluid: The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.Ovulation Induction: Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.Cytoplasm: The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos: Cellular proteins encoded by the c-mos genes (GENES, MOS). They function in the cell cycle to maintain MATURATION PROMOTING FACTOR in the active state and have protein-serine/threonine kinase activity. Oncogenic transformation can take place when c-mos proteins are expressed at the wrong time.Cryoprotective Agents: Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.Vitrification: The transformation of a liquid to a glassy solid i.e., without the formation of crystals during the cooling process.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Polar Bodies: Minute cells produced during development of an OOCYTE as it undergoes MEIOSIS. A polar body contains one of the nuclei derived from the first or second meiotic CELL DIVISION. Polar bodies have practically no CYTOPLASM. They are eventually discarded by the oocyte. (from King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Embryo, Mammalian: The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Embryonic and Fetal Development: Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.Pregnancy Rate: The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.Infertility, Female: Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.Chorionic Gonadotropin: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Ovulation: The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.Granulosa Cells: Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Xenopus Proteins: Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Morula: An early embryo that is a compact mass of about 16 BLASTOMERES. It resembles a cluster of mulberries with two types of cells, outer cells and inner cells. Morula is the stage before BLASTULA in non-mammalian animals or a BLASTOCYST in mammals.Progesterone: The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Meiotic Prophase I: The prophase of the first division of MEIOSIS (in which homologous CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION occurs). It is divided into five stages: leptonema, zygonema, PACHYNEMA, diplonema, and diakinesis.Reproductive Techniques, Assisted: Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.Spindle Apparatus: A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.Chromosomes: In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Vitellogenesis: The active production and accumulation of VITELLINS (egg yolk proteins) in the non-mammalian OOCYTES from circulating precursors, VITELLOGENINS. Vitellogenesis usually begins after the first MEIOSIS and is regulated by estrogenic hormones.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Genes, mos: Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (mos) originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV). The proto-oncogene mos (c-mos) codes for a protein which is a member of the serine kinase family. There is no evidence as yet that human c-mos can become transformed or has a role in human cancer. However, in mice, activation can occur when the retrovirus-like intracisternal A-particle inserts itself near the c-mos sequence. The human c-mos gene is located at 8q22 on the long arm of chromosome 8.Prophase: The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Gonadotropins: Hormones that stimulate gonadal functions such as GAMETOGENESIS and sex steroid hormone production in the OVARY and the TESTIS. Major gonadotropins are glycoproteins produced primarily by the adenohypophysis (GONADOTROPINS, PITUITARY) and the placenta (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN). In some species, pituitary PROLACTIN and PLACENTAL LACTOGEN exert some luteotropic activities.Superovulation: Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.Growth Differentiation Factor 9: A bone morphogenetic protein that plays an essential role in the regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis.Blastomeres: Undifferentiated cells resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE). Inside the intact ZONA PELLUCIDA, each cleavage yields two blastomeres of about half size of the parent cell. Up to the 8-cell stage, all of the blastomeres are totipotent. The 16-cell MORULA contains outer cells and inner cells.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15: A protein that plays a role in GRANULOSA CELLS where it regulates folliculogenesis. Mutations in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 15 are linked to reproductive abnormalities such as PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE.Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.CDC2 Protein Kinase: Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Sperm Head: The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly compact CHROMATIN material.Aneuploidy: The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Microtubules: Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Reproductive Techniques: Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).Embryo Implantation: Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.Membrane Potentials: The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).Mice, Inbred ICRInfertility: Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.Ectogenesis: Embryonic and fetal development that takes place in an artificial environment in vitro.Microscopy, Confocal: A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.Gonadotropins, Equine: Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.Patch-Clamp Techniques: An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.Cyclin B: A cyclin subtype that is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE. It stimulates the G2/M phase transition by activating CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE.Fertility: The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.Cell Aging: The decrease in the cell's ability to proliferate with the passing of time. Each cell is programmed for a certain number of cell divisions and at the end of that time proliferation halts. The cell enters a quiescent state after which it experiences CELL DEATH via the process of APOPTOSIS.Protein Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.Cholestenes: Steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. Members include compounds with any degree of unsaturation; however, CHOLESTADIENES is available for derivatives containing two double bonds.Mice, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Pregnancy Outcome: Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.Tissue and Organ Harvesting: The procedure of removing TISSUES, organs, or specimens from DONORS for reuse, such as TRANSPLANTATION.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Estradiol: The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.Cyclin B1: A cyclin B subtype that colocalizes with MICROTUBULES during INTERPHASE and is transported into the CELL NUCLEUS at the end of the G2 PHASE.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Vitellogenins: Phospholipoglycoproteins produced in the fat body of egg-laying animals such as non-mammalian VERTEBRATES; ARTHROPODS; and others. Vitellogenins are secreted into the HEMOLYMPH, and taken into the OOCYTES by receptor-mediated ENDOCYTOSIS to form the major yolk proteins, VITELLINS. Vitellogenin production is under the regulation of steroid hormones, such as ESTRADIOL and JUVENILE HORMONES in insects.Microscopy, Fluorescence: Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.RNA: A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Electrophysiology: The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.RNA, Messenger, Stored: Messenger RNA that is stored in a masked state for translation at a later time. Distinguish from RNA, UNTRANSLATED which refers to non-messenger RNA, i.e. RNA that does not code for protein.Chromatin: The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.Mice, Inbred CBAIon Channel Gating: The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.Vitelline Membrane: The plasma membrane of the egg.Cell Culture Techniques: Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.Embryo, Nonmammalian: The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Drosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.Hydroxyprogesterones: Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Potassium Channels: Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.Germ Cells: The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Nucleoplasmins: A family of histone molecular chaperones that play roles in sperm CHROMATIN decondensation and CHROMATIN ASSEMBLY in fertilized eggs. They were originally discovered in XENOPUS egg extracts as histone-binding factors that mediate nucleosome formation in vitro.Bufo arenarum: A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, found in South America.Culture Techniques: Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.Luteinizing Hormone: A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Infertility, Male: The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.Fertility Preservation: A method of providing future reproductive opportunities before a medical treatment with known risk of loss of fertility. Typically reproductive organs or tissues (e.g., sperm, egg, embryos and ovarian or testicular tissues) are cryopreserved for future use before the medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation) begins.Mice, Inbred C57BLIonophores: Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.Hypoxanthine: A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Chromosomes, Mammalian: Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.Cell Nucleolus: Within most types of eukaryotic CELL NUCLEUS, a distinct region, not delimited by a membrane, in which some species of rRNA (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) are synthesized and assembled into ribonucleoprotein subunits of ribosomes. In the nucleolus rRNA is transcribed from a nucleolar organizer, i.e., a group of tandemly repeated chromosomal genes which encode rRNA and which are transcribed by RNA polymerase I. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Semen Preservation: The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).Poly A: A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.Blastodisc: A small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK where cleavage begins. Upon fertilization the cytoplasm streams from the vegetal pole away from the yolk to the animal pole where cleavage will occur. This germinal area eventually flattens into a layer of cells (BLASTODERM) that covers the yolk completely.Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: A complication of OVULATION INDUCTION in infertility treatment. It is graded by the severity of symptoms which include OVARY enlargement, multiple OVARIAN FOLLICLES; OVARIAN CYSTS; ASCITES; and generalized EDEMA. The full-blown syndrome may lead to RENAL FAILURE, respiratory distress, and even DEATH. Increased capillary permeability is caused by the vasoactive substances, such as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS, secreted by the overly-stimulated OVARIES.Oogonia: Euploid female germ cells of an early stage of OOGENESIS, derived from primordial germ cells during ovarian differentiation. Oogonia undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to haploid OOCYTESSperm Capacitation: The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASESCell Polarity: Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.Nocodazole: Nocodazole is an antineoplastic agent which exerts its effect by depolymerizing microtubules.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3: A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.Sperm Motility: Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.Sus scrofa: A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.Spisula: A genus of surf clams in the family Mactridae, class BIVALVIA. They are often used in EMBRYOLOGY research.Follicular Phase: The period of the MENSTRUAL CYCLE representing follicular growth, increase in ovarian estrogen (ESTROGENS) production, and epithelial proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM. Follicular phase begins with the onset of MENSTRUATION and ends with OVULATION.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Freezing: Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.Chromosome Segregation: The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.Bivalvia: A class in the phylum MOLLUSCA comprised of mussels; clams; OYSTERS; COCKLES; and SCALLOPS. They are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical hinged shell and a muscular foot used for burrowing and anchoring.Aquaporin 1: Aquaporin 1 forms a water-specific channel that is constitutively expressed at the PLASMA MEMBRANE of ERYTHROCYTES and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL. It provides these cells with a high permeability to WATER. In humans polymorphisms of this protein result in the Colton blood group antigen.Fallopian Tubes: A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.Live Birth: The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).Ion Channels: Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Spermatids: Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.Sodium Channels: Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Electric Conductivity: The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.Follicular Atresia: The degeneration and resorption of an OVARIAN FOLLICLE before it reaches maturity and ruptures.RNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.Acrosome Reaction: Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.Sodium: A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.Acrosome: The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg in FERTILIZATION.Protamine Kinase: An aspect of protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) in which serine residues in protamines and histones are phosphorylated in the presence of ATP.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Human: A major gonadotropin secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and the LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is common in the three human pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Mitosis: A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Microtubule-Organizing Center: An amorphous region of electron dense material in the cytoplasm from which the MICROTUBULES polymerization is nucleated. The pericentriolar region of the CENTROSOME which surrounds the CENTRIOLES is an example.Adenine: A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Tubulin: A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: Cessation of ovarian function after MENARCHE but before the age of 40, without or with OVARIAN FOLLICLE depletion. It is characterized by the presence of OLIGOMENORRHEA or AMENORRHEA, elevated GONADOTROPINS, and low ESTRADIOL levels. It is a state of female HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM. Etiologies include genetic defects, autoimmune processes, chemotherapy, radiation, and infections.Caenorhabditis elegans: A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Gap Junctions: Connections between cells which allow passage of small molecules and electric current. Gap junctions were first described anatomically as regions of close apposition between cells with a narrow (1-2 nm) gap between cell membranes. The variety in the properties of gap junctions is reflected in the number of CONNEXINS, the family of proteins which form the junctions.In Situ Hybridization: A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.Aquaporins: A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES.Anti-Mullerian Hormone: A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying: Potassium channels where the flow of K+ ions into the cell is greater than the outward flow.Epithelial Sodium Channels: Sodium channels found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON; the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. They are AMILORIDE-sensitive and play a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE.Sexual Maturation: Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.Histones: Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.Oncogene Proteins v-mos: Transforming proteins coded by mos oncogenes. The v-mos proteins were originally isolated from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV).Chlorides: Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.Maternal Age: The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.Disorders of Sex Development: In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.Mammals: Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.
Biochemical cascade"Gene expression profiling of human oocytes following in vivo or in vitro maturation". Human Reproduction. 23 (5): 1138-44. doi: ... ensuring oocyte developmental competence". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 88 (4): 399-413. doi:10.1139/y10- ... Concomitantly, oocyte growth is initiated by binding of KITL to its receptor KIT in the oocyte, leading to the activation of ... The oocyte is the female cell involved in reproduction. There is a close relationship between the oocyte and the surrounding ...
"Metabolic control of oocyte apoptosis mediated by 14-3-3zeta-regulated dephosphorylation of caspase-2". Developmental Cell. 16 ... Apoptosis: Xenopus oocytes provide a tractable model for biochemical studies of apoptosis. Recently, oocytes were used recently ... Cell division: Xenopus egg extracts have allowed the study of many complicated cellular events in vitro. Because egg cytosol ... Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes are a leading system for studies of ion transport and channel physiology. Xenopus is also a unique ...
Xenopus oocytes provide an important expression system for molecular biology. By injecting DNA or mRNA into the oocyte or ... Xenopus has long been an important tool for in vivo studies in molecular, cell, and developmental biology of vertebrate animals ... breadth of Xenopus research stems from the additional fact that cell-free extracts made from Xenopus are a premier in vitro ... where the ease of recording from the oocyte makes expression of membrane channels attractive. One challenge of oocyte work is ...
... fertilisation and developmental competence in vitro. The responsiveness of bovine oocytes to gonadotropins in vitro depends on ... Wani, N.A; Wani, G.M; Khan, M.Z; Salahudin, S. "Effect of oocyte harvesting techniques on in vitro maturation and in vitro ... In vitro maturation (IVM) is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro ... Once the oocytes have sufficiently matured, they can then be fertilised in vitro, known as in vitro fertilisation (IVF). ...
Hayashi K, Ogushi S, Kurimoto K, Shimamoto S, Ohta H, Saitou M (November 2012). "Offspring from Oocytes Derived from in Vitro ... Oocyte maturation is the following phase of oocyte development. It occurs at sexual maturity when hormones stimulate the oocyte ... New York, Garland Science, 1463 p. Twyman R.M. (2001). Developmental biology. Oxford, Bios Scientific Publishers, 451p. Cinalli ... Most follicular granulosa cells stay around the oocyte and so form the cumulus layer. Large non-mammalian oocytes accumulate ...
Oocyte cryopreservation is a preservative process which can be used as a way of preserving fertility in children treated for ... Communication between the oocytes and the surrounding somatic cells, such as the granulosa cells and the theca cells, is ... Additionally, in vitro addition of GDF9 to human ovarian cortical tissue causes enhanced activation and follicular survival. ... as well as developed adult follicles at both developmental stages. BMP15 has been shown to stimulate granulosa cell growth by ...
In pronuclear transfer, an oocyte is removed from the recipient, and fertilized with sperm. The donor oocyte is fertilized with ... Human trials in oocytes in 2010 by Craven, et al. were successful in reducing transmission of mutated mtDNA. The results of the ... MRT is a form of in vitro fertilization and involves removing eggs from a woman, removing sperm from a man, fertilizing the egg ... After three children born through the technique were found to have developmental disorders (2 cases of Turner's syndrome and ...
The oocyte is technically still a secondary oocyte, suspended in the metaphase II of meiosis. It will develop into an ootid, ... ISBN 978-0-495-39184-5. Page 76 in: Vandenhurk, R.; Bevers, M.; Beckers, J. (1997). "In-vivo and in-vitro development of ... These follicles contain primary oocytes that are arrested in prophase of the first cell division of meiosis. Double-strand ... Mehmet Uzumcu, Rob Zachow (2007). "Developmental exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors: Consequences within the ovary ...
An oocyte can reprogram an adult nucleus into an embryonic state after somatic cell nuclear transfer, so that a new organism ... In vitro manipulation of pre-implantation embryos has been shown to disrupt methylation patterns at imprinted loci and plays a ... Gurdon JB (December 1962). "The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles". J ... sperm and oocytes). Due to the phenomenon of genomic imprinting, maternal and paternal genomes are differentially marked and ...
Oogonium are the stem cells for oocytes, and were previously thought to be depleted during development during the production of ... Reitzel, A.M., Pang, K. and Martindale, M.Q. (2016). "Developmental expression of "germline"-and "sex determination"-related ... "Robust in vitro induction of human germ cell fate from pluripotent stem cells". Cell stem cell. 17 (2): 178-194. CS1 maint: ... unlike oogonia which only produce oocyte in utero. When the germ cells reach the gonads, they undergo proliferation via mitosis ...
The response of oocytes to DNA double-strand break damage involves a pathway hierarchy in which ATR kinase signals to CHEK2 ... Dai XX, Duan X, Liu HL, Cui XS, Kim NH, Sun SC (2014). "Chk2 regulates cell cycle progression during mouse oocyte maturation ... and developmental defects during Drosophila oogenesis". PLoS ONE. 9 (2): e89009. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089009. PMC 3923870 ... "Human Mus81-associated endonuclease cleaves Holliday junctions in vitro". Molecular Cell. 8 (5): 1117-27. doi:10.1016/s1097- ...
By this time, the oocyte has completed meiosis I, yielding two cells: the larger secondary oocyte that contains all of the ... It is also used in in vitro fertilization to make the follicles mature before egg retrieval. Usually, ovarian stimulation is ... Fertilization of two different oocytes by two different spermatozoa results in fraternal twins. The mucous membrane of the ... Gupta, Ramesh C. (2011). Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology. Academic Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780123820334. Retrieved 2013- ...
"Offspring from Oocytes Derived from in Vitro Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells in Mice". Science. 338 (6109): 971-975. doi: ... The developmental potential of mouse pluripotent stem cells to yield both embryonic and extra-embryonic lineages also can be ... Some lines of iPSCs have the potentiality to differentiate into male germ cells and oocyte-like cells in an appropriate niche ( ... RBC produced in vitro contained exclusively fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which rescues the functionality of these RBCs. In vivo the ...
Furthermore, it suppresses the activation of MAP kinase by oncogenic ras in extracts of Xenopus oocytes. Thus, DUSP1 may play ... Keyse SM (Apr 1998). "Protein phosphatases and the regulation of MAP kinase activity". Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology ... kinase in vitro by the concomitant dephosphorylation of both its phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues. ... which potently and specifically inactivates MAP kinase and suppresses its activation by oncogenic ras in Xenopus oocyte ...
... is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances ... potential markers of embryo developmental competence". Fertility and Sterility. 99 (7): 2055-2061. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert. ... Embryos from rescued in vitro-matured metaphase II (IVM-MII) oocytes show significantly higher fertilization rates and more ... Rienzi, L.; Vajta, G.; Ubaldi, F. (2010). "Predictive value of oocyte morphology in human IVF: a systematic review of the ...
Unlike sperm production, oocyte production is not continuous. These primary oocytes begin meiosis but pause in diplotene of ... These in-vitro generated PGCs can also develop into viable gametes and offspring. Prior to their occupation of the genital ... Gilbert, Scott F. (2013). Developmental biology (10th ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-1-60535-173-5. [page ... All of the oogonia and many primary oocytes die before birth. After puberty in primates, small groups of oocytes and follicles ...
"Delivery rate using cyropreserved oocytes is comparable to conventional in vitro fertilization using fresh oocytes: potential ... or developmental deficits in the children born from cryopreserved oocytes. The ASRM recommended that, pending further research ... Human oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing) is a procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes). This technique was mainly ... The egg retrieval process for oocyte cryopreservation is the same as that for in vitro fertilization. This includes one to ...
... and activin A in follicular fluid in IVF/ICSI patients for assessing the maturation and developmental potential of oocytes". ... According to NICE guidelines of in vitro fertilization, an anti-Müllerian hormone level of less than or equal to 5.4 pmol/l ( ... which may indicate fertility preservation strategies such as oocyte cryopreservation. A post-treatment AMH is associated with ... Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. 29: 171-87. doi:10.1016/S0070-2153(08)60550-5 ...
"Hydrogen peroxide levels in mouse oocytes and early cleavage stage embryos developed in vitro or in vivo". Development. 109 (2 ... history of the reproductive and developmental sciences and their historical relationship to the development of human In vitro ... "Transient cooling to room temperature can cause irreversible disruption of the meiotic spindle in the human oocyte". Fertility ... Johnson has co-authored over 300 papers on reproductive and developmental science, history, ethics, law and medical education. ...
... and chicken donor cells into enucleated pig oocytes. Moreover, NCSU23 medium, which was designed for in vitro culture of pig ... Furthermore, ovine oocyte cytoplast may be used for remodeling and reprogramming of human somatic cells back to the embryonic ... In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable ... Recent studies show SCNT of the nucleus of a body cell afflicted with one of these diseases into a healthy oocyte prevents the ...
"Effect of LH and estradiol on in vitro maturation of hamster follicular oocytes". Indian J Exp Biol. 32 (2): 44-45. PMID ... His findings on the developmental traits of crops was reported to have assisted in crop improvement with regard to disease ... ISBN 978-3-642-71639-3. Sardul Singh Guraya (1961). "Lipids in the Human Oocyte". Journal of Microscopical Science. 102 (3): ... known for his contributions in the fields of reproductive physiology and Developmental biology. He was an elected fellow of the ...
In pronuclear transfer, an oocyte is removed from the recipient, and fertilized with sperm. The donor oocyte is fertilized with ... In in vitro fertilization and involves removing eggs from a woman, removing sperm from a man, fertilizing the egg with the ... Human trials in oocytes in 2010 by Craven, et al. were successful in reducing transmission of mutated mtDNA. The results of the ... 2 cases of Turner's syndrome and one case of pervasive developmental disorder (an autism spectrum disorder), the FDA banned the ...
Oocyte control of metabolic cooperativity between oocytes and companion granulosa cells: energy metabolism. Developmental ... In vitro exposure of mammalian ovarian tissue to GDF9 promotes primary follicle progression. GDF9 stimulates growth of ... A lack of GDF9 causes pathophysiological alterations in the oocyte itself in addition to severe follicular abnormality. Oocytes ... Mice with this genome also fail to release oocytes resulting in trapped oocytes in the corpus lutea. This phenotype is absent ...
Li has also studied the molecular mechanisms that lead to oocyte maturation, which can contribute to "advances in the treatment ... and to show through in vitro biochemistry that the Arp2/3 complex is an actin nucleator activated by WASP family members. In ... Developmental Cell. Elsevier. 17 (6): 823-835. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.022. PMC 2805562 . PMID 20059952. Retrieved 29 ... "Sequential actin-based pushing forces drive meiosis I chromosome migration and symmetry breaking in oocytes". Journal of Cell ...
In addition, TelRNAs block telomerase activity in vitro and may therefore regulate telomerase activity. Although early, these ... In addition to higher tissue specificity, lncRNAs are characterized by higher developmental stage specificity, and cell subtype ... in Drosophila and mouse oocytes. The annealing of complementary sequences, such as antisense or repetitive regions between ... "Identification of new Xlsirt family members in the Xenopus laevis oocyte". Mechanisms of Development. 120 (4): 503-9. doi: ...
Fusion between the oocyte plasma membranes and sperm follows and allows the sperm nucleus, the typical centriole, and atypical ... However, some human developmental biology literature refers to the conceptus and such medical literature refers to the " ... progesterone have been confirmed as the signal emanating from the cumulus oophorus cells surrounding rabbit and human oocytes.[ ... In vitro fertilisation. *Kaguya (mouse). *Superfecundation. *Superfetation. *Parthenogenesis, a type of reproduction that does ...
Improvement of a porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer technique by optimizing donor cell and recipient oocyte preparations<...... and in vitro-matured oocytes were employed as recipient oocytes. The percentages of fusion and development to the blastocyst ... increasing the number of subcultures up to 15 times did not improve developmental competence to the blastocyst stage (12.2-16.7 ... and in vitro-matured oocytes were employed as recipient oocytes. The percentages of fusion and development to the blastocyst ... and in vitro-matured oocytes were employed as recipient oocytes. The percentages of fusion and development to the blastocyst ...
Pig oocyte activation and developmental competence of parthenogenetic activated oocytes : in vitro and in vivo studies ... Therefore studies presented in this thesis aimed at the establishment of an in vitro culture system for pig oocyte maturation ... whereas experiments in Chapter 5 were conducted in vivo to assess the in vivo developmental competence of in vitro matured (IVM ... activation protocol for pig oocytes was optimized and also tested by monitoring in vivo development of activated pig oocytes. ...
Temporal expression of cumulus cell marker genes during in vitro maturation and oocyte developmental competence |...... is largely influenced by the developmental competence of oocytes. Competence is the ability of an oocyte ... Temporal expression of cumulus cell marker genes during in vitro maturation and oocyte developmental competence. Zeitschrift:. ... Temporal expression of cumulus cell marker genes during in vitro maturation and oocyte developmental competence ... Fibroblast growth factor 10 enhances bovine oocyte maturation and developmental competence in vitro. Reproduction. 2010;140:815 ...
Structure of preantral follicles, oxidative status and developmental competence of in vitro matured oocytes after ovary storage...... and modified the oxidative status of in vitro matured oocytes and their developmental competence after in vitro fertilization. ... oocytes recovered from antral follicles were matured and fertilized in vitro to evaluate their meiotic and developmental ... storage up to 48 h did not influence in vitro meiotic maturation of oocytes nor cleavage after in vitro fertilization. However ... GSH levels of in vitro matured oocytes did not change at any time during ovary storage; a progressive increase in ROS levels ...
Rapamycin rescues the poor developmental capacity of aged porcine oocytes. - Free Online Library... sciences Bone morphogenetic proteins Cattle Physiological aspects Drug interactions Research Embryonic development Oocytes ... Rapamycin rescues the poor developmental capacity of aged porcine oocytes.(Report) by Asian - Australasian Journal of Animal ... Spontaneous zona reaction in the mouse as a limiting factor for the time in which an oocyte may be fertilized. J. In Vitro Fert ... Rapamycin inhibits mTOR expression in aged porcine oocytes in vitro The mRNA expression of mTOR in MII oocytes treated with ...
Oocyte Physiology and Development in Domestic Animals | Animal Science & Zoology | Life Sciences | Subjects | WileyIn addition, the text looks at the effects of in vitro maturation environments on oocyte quality and developmental outcome. ... 3.2 The Regulation of cAMP Level in Mouse Oocytes 37. 3.3 The Expression and Roles of PDEs in both Cumulus Cells and Oocytes in ... 9.12 The Relationship between Oocyte Metabolism and Oocyte Quality 179. 9.13 Maternal Diet and Disease Can Alter Oocyte ... Chapter 9 Oocyte Metabolism and Its Relationship to Developmental Competence 165. Rebecca L. Krisher and Jason R. Herrick ...
Frontiers | Histone Lysine Demethylases KDM5B and KDM5C Modulate Genome Activation and Stability in Porcine Embryos | Cell and...In vitro Embryo Production. For in vitro fertilization (IVF), cumulus cells of matured oocytes were removed by vortexing in TCM ... Oocyte Collection and in vitro Maturation (IVM). Ovaries of prepubertal gilts were collected at a local slaughterhouse (Olymel ... The developmental competence of embryos, including mice (Wang et al., 2013), humans (Kort et al., 2016), and pigs (Bohrer et al ... Abeydeera, L. R., and Day, B. N. (1997). Fertilization and subsequent development in vitro of pig oocytes inseminated in a ...
Exposing Mouse Oocytes to MitoQ During In Vitro Maturation Improves Maturation and Developmental Competence... as well as in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate in the 18-20 h matured oocytes and metaphase II (MII) oocytes (in vivo-control), ... However, the effect of MitoQ on the quality of oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) is still unknown.Objective: This study ... investigated the possible effects of MitoQ on maturation and developmental competency in mice oocytes.Materials and Methods: ... The oocytes were collected at germinal vesicle stage from 6-8-week old female NMRI mice and then cultured in TCM-199 medium ...
Intrafollicular Mechanisms Regulating Oocyte Maturation | SpringerLinkArrest and reinitiation of oocyte maturation occur in association with the processes of folliculogenesis and ovulation. Somatic ... Schuetz AW (1967a) Effect of steroids on the germinal vesicle of oocytes of the frog (Rana pipiens) In vitro Proc. Soc. Exp. ... Schuetz AW (1985) Local Control Mechanisms during Oogenesis and Folliculogenesis, In Developmental Biology: A Comprehensive ... Rana Dybowskii) follicular oocytes by forskolin and cAMP in vitro. Gamete Res. In Press.Google Scholar ...
"Positive Regulation of RNA Metabolic Process" Ontology Group Highly Regulated in Porcine Oocytes Matured In Vitro: A...Assessment of Oocyte Developmental Competence by Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) Test. Collected porcine oocytes were subjected to ... The second one, described as "after IVM," contained 150 oocytes which were first in vitro matured, and then when graded as BCB+ ... The oocytes may undergo maturation both in vivo and/or in vitro, but this process always involves significant morphological and ... In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte-Complexes (COCs). The BCB+ COCs were matured in Nunclon™Δ 4-well dishes covered ...
Fertilization in Vitro Humans Infertility Male Microscopy Oocytes Predictive Value of Tests Pregnancy Pregnancy Outcome Single ... The biomechanical properties of oocytes and embryos undergo a dynamic, characteristic transformation from oocyte maturation ... Biomechanics and developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. Fertility and sterility. 2017 Nov;108(5):738-741 ... Biomechanics and developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. Jonathan Kort, Barry Behr ...
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Piezo-assisted In Vitro Fertilization of Mouse Oocytes with Spermatozoa Retrieved...Assessment of the developmental potential of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes GEORGE MA ... Analysis of mouse oocyte activation suggests the involvement of sperm perinuclear material KIMURA Y ... Piezo-assisted In Vitro Fertilization of Mouse Oocytes with Spermatozoa Retrieved from Epididymides Stored at 4 Degree C * * ... Effects of vitrification in open pulled straws on the cytology of in vitro matured prepubertal and adult bovine oocytes ...
Developmental competence of <i xmlns="">in vitro</i>-matured human oocytes obtained from pregnant and non...Representative images of oocyte-cumulus complexes, in vitro-matured oocytes, and resulting embryos from pregnant women: (A, B) ... Developmental competence of in vitro-matured human oocytes obtained from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Article information. ... Representative images of oocyte-cumulus complexes, in vitro-matured oocytes, and resulting embryos from pregnant women: (A, B) ... In vitro maturation and developmental competence of immature oocytes from pregnant (group 1) and non-pregnant women (group 2). ...
A study of quantitative dynamics of F-actin during oocyte maturation in the starfish Asterias amurensis, Russian Journal of...Russian Journal of Developmental Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands ... "A study of quantitative dynamics of F-actin during oocyte maturation in the starfish Asterias amurensis, ... The total amount of actin remained unchanged during oocyte maturation. In immature oocytes, the major part of actin is not a ... Actin Dynamics in vitro Welch, M.D.; Mallavarpu, A.; Rosenblatt, J.. * Cortical Granule Translocation Is Microfilament Mediated ...
Meiotic competence of marmoset monkey oocytes is related to follicle size and oocyte-somatic cell associations. - Semantic...Partially naked oocytes from small antral follicles matured with a high incidence of spindle and meiotic abnormalities (44%). ... Competencies of oocytes to achieve germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and metaphase II (MII) increased significantly (p , 0.001 ... Marmoset oocytes from antral follicles resumed (GVBD) and completed (MII) meiotic maturation with high frequencies (98% and 72 ... Somatic cells remaining after 46 h were removed, and oocytes were fixed after 48 h and mounted for viewing. Chromatin staining ...
Oocytes matured in vitro from unstimulated ovaries seem to have limited developmental potential after cryopreservation and ... This study aimed to investigate the developmental capacity of oocytes isolated from unstimulated ovaries. Immature oocytes (n ... 61.9% of oocytes matured in vitro within 48 hours. The survival rate after vitrification and warming was 61.5%. A total of 75% ... Oocytes in all visible antral follicles were aspirated from ovaries, cultured in IVM medium and vitrified at the MII stage ...
Russian Journal of Developmental Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands ... "Influence of culture medium osmolality on maturation and ovulation of common frog oocytes stimulated in vitro by pituitary ... As the season of reproduction approached, the dependence of oocyte maturation and ovulation on the Ringer solution dilution was ... The influence of diluted Ringer solution on ovulation and maturation of common frog oocytes stimulated in vitro by homologous ...
New markers for regulation of transcription and macromolecule metabolic process in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation... was employed to assess oocyte developmental competence. In oocytes that completed their growth, activity of the enzyme ... We investigated transcriptome profile of porcine oocytes before and after in vitro culture, assuming, that oocyte itself plays ... that particular gene is expressed in oocyte exceptionally, especially in in vitro culture of isolated oocyte. ... In vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine COCs. The oocytes that gave a positive result after the first BCB test were used during ...
20 h of culture for maturation increases the homogeneity of oocyte nuclear maturation and improves the efficiency of in vitro ... The effect of stage of maturation of the germinal vesicle of porcine oocytes at the time of in vitro maturation on subsequent ... abstract = "The effect of stage of maturation of the germinal vesicle of porcine oocytes at the time of in vitro maturation on ... N2 - The effect of stage of maturation of the germinal vesicle of porcine oocytes at the time of in vitro maturation on ...
Comparison of cytoskeletal integrity, fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes vitrified before or after in vitro...Immature oocyte. Cryoprotectant. Vitrification. In vitro fertilization. Embryo development. 資料タイプ. text. ... Comparison of cytoskeletal integrity, fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes vitrified before or after in vitro ...
However, vitrification of oocytes is still challenging due to their complex structure and sensitivity to chilling. ... Therefore, efforts are increasingly focusing on the development of a reliable cryopreservation method for oocytes, in order to ... Slow freezing, a common method for cryopreservation of oocytes, causes osmotic shock (solution effect) and intracellular ice ... B. Ogawa, S. Ueno, N. Nakayama et al., "Developmental ability of porcine in vitro matured oocytes at the meiosis II stage after ...
Influence of a Prematuration Culture With a Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor (PDE3-I) on Embryonic Aneuploidy Rate and...Experimental: in-vitro maturation of oocytes Procedure: prematuration culture The aneuploidy rate and the developmental ... healthy volunteers, either with PCOS/PCOS-like ovaries, or with normal ovaries, who undergo oocyte donation for research ... using a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor for in-vitro maturation of oocytes ... Influence of a Prematuration Culture With a PDE3-I on Embryonic Aneuploidy Rate and Developmental Potential. ...
Grb10 characterization in bovine cumulus oocyte complexes from different follicle sizesAspects of follicle and oocyte stage that affect in vitro maturation and development of bovine oocytes. Theriogenology, v.45, n ... Fibroblast growth factor-10 enhances bovine oocyte maturation and developmental competence in vitro. Reproduction, v.140, n.6, ... Data correspond to 120 oocytes (~ 30 oocytes/treatment; mean of 15 oocytes/treatment/replication). Different letters represent ... After, oocytes were stained with 10µg/ml bisbezimide (Hoechst 33342) and analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. Oocyte ...
... axis is one of the most important events of meiotic maturation in mammalian oocytes, as it extensively affects further ... Mechanics of in vitro fertilization in the hamster. Biol Reprod. 1980;23:433-44.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Mammalian oocyte Mouse Polarity Actin Spindle Microvilli Meiosis Fertilization Animal/vegetal axis Developmental potential ... Ajduk A., Jedrusik A., Zernicka-Goetz M. (2013) Oocyte Polarity and Its Developmental Significance. In: Coticchio G., Albertini ...
... the majority of bovine oocytes submitted to in vitroembryo production (IVP) fail to develop to the blastocyst stage. This is ... Gilchrist RB, Thompson JG: Oocyte maturation: emerging concepts and technologies to improve developmental potential in vitro. ... rat and fish oocytes, high levels of cAMP prevent oocyte maturation in vitro, while a decrease in oocyte cAMP is associated ... Collection of immature and in vitro matured oocytes. Immature cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were obtained by aspirating 3 to ...
PorcineVivo-maturedMatured in vivoEmbryosMouse OocytesImmature oocytesEmbryo transferUnchanged during oocyte matMRNAFertilityPotential of oocytesBlastocystCOCsVivo and in vitroFertilization in ViNuclearCryopreservationHigh-quality oocytesDifferences in oocyte developmentalFolliculogenesisMetaphaseQuality of oocytesMechanisms underlPoor oocyteGenesVitrificationCytoplasmicRetrievalReproductionFormation in mammalian oocytesFollicle DevelopmentSubsequent developmental competenceCompetence of in vitroMolecularMorphologyPorcine oocyte maturationCompetentMaturation rateEffects on oocyte
- This study was conducted to improve a porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique by optimizing donor cell and recipient oocyte preparations. (elsevier.com)
- However, no improvement was achieved in SCNT using in vivo-matured oocytes. (elsevier.com)
- In Experiment 2, fetal fibroblasts were transferred to enucleated oocytes that matured in vivo or in vitro. (elsevier.com)
- Although many factors could contribute to the low success rate, such as quality of donor and recipient cells, types of donor cell including sources of animal breeds and tissues, number of passages and culture conditions, timing of cell cycle, procedures of nuclear transfer, techniques and embryos transfer, one of the factors is believed to be poor oocyte activation, especially in pig nuclear transfer. (bl.uk)
- Finally, the protocol was used for activating pig embryos reconstructed by transfer of somatic cells into enucleated ovulated oocytes and for production of pig parthenotes to maintain pregnancies of cloned pig embryos, which resulted in the birth of a cloned male piglet. (bl.uk)
- Collection of immature oocytes during a cesarean delivery is also a promising option for those who are pregnant from a previous in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and desire future treatment despite not having any remaining cryopreserved oocytes/embryos [ 2 ]. (ecerm.org)
- Biomechanics and developmental potential of oocytes and embryos. (nextbio.com)
- When 2-cell embryos derived from ZIP fresh and vitrified oocytes inseminated with 2 day-stored spermatozoa were transferred into recipient females, 47.9 and 15.0% of the embryos developed to term, respectively. (nii.ac.jp)
- These results indicate that exposure of COCs to dbcAMP for the first 20 h of culture for maturation increases the homogeneity of oocyte nuclear maturation and improves the efficiency of in vitro production of swine embryos. (elsevier.com)
- The aneuploidy rate and the developmental potential of embryos obtained from PDE3 inhibitor-treated oocytes (a 'prolonged' IVM (PMC)) in comparison to 'conventional' IVM will be analysed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Incidence of aneuploidy rate by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) technique in 6 to 8 cell embryos from prolonged (PMC) IVM compared to conventional IVM on sibling oocytes. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Trounson, A.O., Mohr, M.R. and Wood, C. (1982) Effect of delayed insemination on in vitro fertilization, culture and transfer of human embryos. (scirp.org)
- Enhancing the developmental competence of oocytes and quality of embryos is central to the success of in vitro embryo production (IVP) both in human and animal laboratories. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- These involve in vitro handling of oocytes, sperm, and embryos for their use in reproduction and comprise in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryo biopsy, preimplantation genetic testing, and gamete and embryo cryopreservation. (frontiersin.org)
- My current area of research is nuclear reprogramming and the epigenetic modification of DNA induced on early embryos by cloning and other in vitro manipulations. (unite.it)
- The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. (bioportfolio.com)
- In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO. (bioportfolio.com)
- 126 Time of First Cleavage and Development to Blastocyst of Bovine IVF Embryos Monitored by Time-Lapse Imaging after In Vitro or In Vivo Maturation. (uni-muenchen.de)
- In experiment 3, we evaluated the effects of cell synchronization and oocyte maturation (in vivo vs. in vitro) on the reconstruction and development of AWC-DSH- and DSH-DSH-cloned embryos. (usgs.gov)
- In experiment 4, the effect of calcium in the fusion medium on induction of oocyte activation and development of AWC-DSH-cloned embryos was determined. (usgs.gov)
- In experiment 5, AWC-DSH-cloned embryos were transferred to the uteri of 11 synchronized domestic cat recipients on Day 6 or 7 after oocyte aspiration. (usgs.gov)
- Incomplete reprogramming of the differentiated nucleus may be a major constraint to the in vivo developmental potential of the embryos. (usgs.gov)
- Influence of oocyte aging on developmental ability of reconstituted embryos produced from oocyte cytoplast and single blastomeres of two-cell stage embryos. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Supplementation of culture medium with L-carnitine improves the development and cryotolerance of in vitro-produced porcine embryos. (edu.au)
- A comparison of different vitrification devices and the effect of blastocoele collapse on the cryosurvival of in vitro produced porcine embryos. (edu.au)
- We use pig and bovine oocytes and embryos cultivated in vitro as experimental models. (cas.cz)
- It can be concluded that the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and embryos may be a quantitative trait dependent on small changes in the transcription profiles of many genes (Němcová et al. (cas.cz)
- The developmental competence and quality of parthenogenetic embryos at the 9th day post-activation were also analyzed. (usp.br)
- In animal embryos, the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) hands developmental control from maternal to zygotic gene products. (princeton.edu)
- Either mechanism would result in an incorrect temporal utilization of genes which may culminate in developmental incompetence of any embryos derived from these oocytes. (monash.edu)
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause DNA damage and defective function in sperm and also affects the developmental competence of embryos. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- It is therefore critical to monitor ROS in sperm, oocytes and developing embryos. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
- In animals that experience some reproductive dysfunction and where the possibilities of producing embryos in vitro are limited, it is thus even more important that these procedures should not be attempted during periods where the chances of success are further limited by external factors such as season. (scielo.org.za)
- Schuh M, Ellenberg J. A new model for asymmetric spindle positioning in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- Spindle positioning in mouse oocytes relies on a dynamic meshwork of actin filaments. (springer.com)
- Na J, Zernicka-Goetz M. Asymmetric positioning and organization of the meiotic spindle of mouse oocytes requires CDC42 function. (springer.com)
- Formin-2 is required for spindle migration and for the late steps of cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- Formin-2, polyploidy, hypofertility and positioning of the meiotic spindle in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- Vinot S, Le T, Maro B, Louvet-Vallee S. Two PAR6 proteins become asymmetrically localized during establishment of polarity in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- Arp2/3 complex regulates asymmetric division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- JMY is required for asymmetric division and cytokinesis in mouse oocytes. (springer.com)
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 is required for inhibiting securin and cyclin B degradation following spindle depolymerisation in meiosis I mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Homer HA, McDougall A, Levasseur M, Yallop K, Murdoch AP, Herbert M. Mad2 prevents aneuploidy and premature proteolysis of cyclin B and securin during meiosis I in mouse oocytes . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Immature oocytes were obtained by needle aspiration from 49 pregnant women (group 1) who underwent a cesarean section at term and 77 non-pregnant women (group 2) who underwent a gynecological operation during the same period (8 months). (ecerm.org)
- Healthy immature oocytes (530 in group 1 and 539 in group 2) were cultured and assessed for maturation 36 hours later. (ecerm.org)
- The developmental competence of immature oocytes did not differ between pregnant and non-pregnant women. (ecerm.org)
- A potential alternative source could be immature oocytes obtained during a routine gynecological operation or cesarean section, followed by in vitro maturation (IVM). (ecerm.org)
- 5 ] observed more rapid maturation in immature oocytes from non-pregnant camels than in those from pregnant camels. (ecerm.org)
- Subsequent reports mainly focused on the successful use of immature oocytes from non-pregnant women [ 9 10 11 12 ], although there have been a few reports of pregnancies from IVM of oocytes retrieved during cesarean delivery [ 13 14 15 ]. (ecerm.org)
- Immature oocytes ( n = 63) from seven consenting premenopausal patients were analysed. (biomedcentral.com)
- In immature oocytes, the major part of actin is not a part of filaments, but in the presence of 1-methyladenine massive actin polymerization began already within 20 min. (deepdyve.com)
- In vitro growth of immature oocytes provides opportunities to increase gametic resources and to understand the mechanisms underlying oocyte development. (go.jp)
- The results showed that the majority of class A immature oocytes were at iGV stage, with minimal or inexistent DNA fragmantation, contrasting with the other classes of oocytes. (usp.br)
- When oocyte aspiration is being undertaken for that reason, immature or mature oocytes may be collected, but it is common to collect immature oocytes as more are available. (vetstream.com)
- Artificial cryopreserved embryo transfer cycle success depends on blastocyst developmental rate and progesterone timing. (semanticscholar.org)
- Purpose: Evaluate the effect of preincubation of oocytes prior to IVF or ICSI cycles with embryo transfer at blastocyst stage. (scirp.org)
- Selection of the best oocyte for subsequent steps of fertilization and embryo transfer was shown to be the crucial step in human infertility treatment procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
- Oocyte aspiration followed by ICSI and embryo transfer may be used to overcome fertility issues in both the mare and stallion. (vetstream.com)
- A similar trend has been observed in analyses of data derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer programs in the United States. (acog.org)
- Utilizing in vitro embryo production with sexed semen and timed embryo transfer during heat stress can drastically improve pregnancy rates and the number of heifers born. (extension.org)
- The success of IVF is determined by all process from the beginning of the preparation phase, controlled ovarian stimulation, oocyte retrieval, fertilization, the number of embryo produced, to the process of embryo transfer into the uterus. (ispub.com)
- The total amount of actin remained unchanged during oocyte maturation. (deepdyve.com)
- Oocyte mRNA was isolated and used for microarray analysis, which was subsequently validated via RT‑qPCR. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Using the Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Array, global mRNA expression analysis of immature (GV) and in vitro matured (IVM) bovine oocytes was carried out to characterize the transcriptome of bovine oocytes and then use a variety of approaches to determine whether the observed transcriptional changes during IVM was real or an artifact of the techniques used during analysis. (springer.com)
- In vitro matured COC and oocyte mRNA was extracted and compared to in vivo derived oocyte mRNA. (umsystem.edu)
- There was a significant difference in cathepsin K mRNA abundance between in vitro matured oocytes and in vivo produced oocytes. (umsystem.edu)
- However, there was no significant difference in cathepsin B mRNA between the samples, despite that such a difference had been expected based on previous reports in bovine oocytes. (umsystem.edu)
- The differences in cytoplasmic factors such as mRNA transcripts could explain the differences in oocyte developmental potential. (cas.cz)
- Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) and cryopreservation at the time of routine ovarian tissue freezing may be offered to cancer patients as an additional option for fertility preservation. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the fundamental mechanisms in the oocyte and pre-implantation embryo that are changed by maternal over-nutrition, determining fertility potential and establishing the metabolic phenotype of the offspring, are unknown. (biologists.org)
- These findings establish that oocytes generated during adulthood contribute directly to ovarian function and natural fertility in mammals. (nature.com)
- These results indicate that AR may contribute to maintain oocyte quality and fertility via controlling the signals of PGC1-β-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in granulosa cells. (mdpi.com)
- Her interest in fertility preservation for cancer survivors led her to set up one of the first oocyte cryopreservation programs in the country. (stanford.edu)
- however, the abnormal expression of TLRs may decrease oocyte quality and fertility rate. (medworm.com)
- oviduct or ovary, where the quality of the mare's oocyte is acceptable, but some other factor in those parts of the reproductive system is limiting fertility and the mare's ability to either donate an embryo, or to carry a foal to term herself. (vetstream.com)
- Certain stallions are only available for breeding via ICSI either due to limited availability of semen or stallion fertility issues, in which case oocyte collection is required. (vetstream.com)
- This new edition of what one reviewer of the first edition described as 'possibly the definitive work on the oocyte' covers the development, biology and pathology of the oocyte, and technologies to manipulate, enhance and control fertility. (wisepress.com)
- Current achievements and future research directions in ovarian tissue culture, in vitro follicle development and transplantation: implications for fertility preservation," Human Reproduction Update , vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 395-414, 2010. (hindawi.com)
- This study therefore aimed to investigate the developmental potential of oocytes matured in vitro after cryopreservation and artificial activation by chemical stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, apoptosis in CCs, nuclear maturation, mitochondrial reallocation and the developmental potential of oocytes after IVF were assessed. (upm.es)
- The maturation and blastocyst formation rates were found significantly greater for the BCB+ than the BCB- oocytes. (springermedizin.de)
- 3 ] found no differences in the maturation, cleavage, blastocyst formation, or hatching rates of blastocysts derived from oocytes of pregnant and non-pregnant cows. (ecerm.org)
- 4 ] reported that pregnant mare oocytes showed a lower maturation rate than those from non-pregnant animals, but found no differences in cleavage or blastocyst development. (ecerm.org)
- Without intensive selection, the majority of bovine oocytes submitted to in vitro embryo production (IVP) fail to develop to the blastocyst stage. (springer.com)
- OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of day 5 and day 6 blastocyst transfers on patterns of implantation rates and pregnancy rates (PRs) among fresh autologous, oocyte donor, and frozen ET (FET) cycles. (semanticscholar.org)
- Conclusions: Preincubation of oocytes before insemination is a factor which raises the PR and IR after the blastocyst transfer. (scirp.org)
- Using oocytes obtained from a slaughterhouse, ICSI-DTT treatment without ethanol showed the highest rate of blastocyst formation. (go.jp)
- Also, 10 µM MG132 reduced PB extrusion (P=0.003), ATP content in oocytes (P=0.003) and the proportion of zygotes reaching the blastocyst stage (P=0.001). (nottingham.ac.uk)
- Ultrastructure of human blastocyst-endometrial interactions in vitro . (ehd.org)
- Oocytes exposed to PLM did not significantly differ from controls with regard to cleavage, total blastocyst and expanded blastocyst rates and cell numbers. (ovid.com)
- Interestingly, after parthenogenetic activation and in vitro culture, oocytes that displayed a positive PLM signal PLM(+) differed significantly from PLM(−) in cleavage and Day 8 blastocyst rates. (ovid.com)
- The only significant effect of source of donor nucleus (AWC vs. DSH) was on the rate of blastocyst formation in vitro. (usgs.gov)
- In the present study, after NT, AWC donor nuclei were able to dedifferentiate in DSH cytoplasts and support high rates of blastocyst development in vitro. (usgs.gov)
- Significantly increased rates of oocyte maturation were recorded for COCs treated with E-64. (umsystem.edu)
- Furthermore, in vitro maturation of porcine COCs using E-64 was performed with COCs segregated into morphologically distinct developmental groups. (umsystem.edu)
- Those COCs defined as 'good' matured in significantly higher proportions when E-64 was added to the in vitro maturation medium compared to 'good' COCs in the absence of E-64. (umsystem.edu)
- Western blots revealed cathepsin B in COCs, but not in denuded oocytes. (umsystem.edu)
- Os COCs foram utilizados para avaliação da maturação nuclear em 0 e em 24h de cultivo do grau de fragmentação do DNA das células do cumulus (CC) antes e após a maturação in vitro , avaliação da competência do desenvolvimento embrionário partenogenético até o 9º dia pós-ativação, avaliação da qualidade dos blastocistos e estimativa dos transcritos e proteínas BCL-2 e BAX em CC maturados por 24h. (usp.br)
- The present work aimed to study the cumulus -oocyte interaction on the process of programmed cell death in bovine COCs of different morphological classes. (usp.br)
- Before in vitro maturation (IVM), the nuclear maturation in COCs and DNA fragmentation in cumulus cells (CC) were evaluated. (usp.br)
- The fusion efficiency of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes used as recipient cytoplasts of AWC donor nuclei (86.6% vs. 85.2%) was similar to the rates obtained with DSH donor nuclei, 83.7% vs. 73.0%, respectively. (usgs.gov)
- METHODS Replicate whole human genome arrays were generated for immature and mature oocytes (matured in vivo and in vitro, prior to exposure to sperm) recovered from women undertaking gonadotrophin treatment for assisted reproduction. (monash.edu)
- in vitro maturation and fertilization, in vitro embryo culture, embryo freezing, embryo biopsy and sexing by PCR, embryonic manipulation with special regard to nuclear transfer (cloning). (unite.it)
- An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro. (bioportfolio.com)
- The competence of germinal vesicle oocytes is unrelated to nuclear chromatin configuration and strictly depends on cytoplasmic quantity and quality in the cat model. (semanticscholar.org)
- Levesque, J.T. and Sirard, M.A. (1995) Effects of different kinases and phosphatases on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes. (scirp.org)
- The current series of studies were performed to establish the effects of nitric oxide donor (Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and the proteasome inhibitor (MG132) on nuclear maturation and mitochondrial activity of bovine oocytes. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- 2017. Proteomic analysis of germinal vesicles in the domestic cat model reveals candidate nuclear proteins involved in oocyte competence acquisition . (si.edu)
- After IVM, oocytes and CC were analyzed for nuclear maturation, DNA fragmentation and BCL-2 and BAX transcripts and proteins. (usp.br)
- In immature class B and C oocytes, the fGV stage of nuclear maturation was the most frequent, with increased DNA fragmentation. (usp.br)
- Hall VJ, Compton D, Stojkovic P, Nesbitt M, Herbert M, Murdoch A, Stojkovic M. Developmental competence of human in vitro aged oocytes as host cells for nuclear transfer . (ncl.ac.uk)
- Oocyte nuclear maturation within SAFs in is associated with decreased E2, P4 and AMH levels. (elsevier.com)
- Although the outcome of IVM for non-stimulated oocytes is poor, it is currently the only chance besides cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for women for whom ovarian stimulation is not possible due to life circumstances. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, little is known about the developmental capacity of such oocytes following cryopreservation and fertilization. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, efforts are increasingly focusing on the development of a reliable cryopreservation method for oocytes, in order to establish ova banks. (hindawi.com)
- Slow freezing, a common method for cryopreservation of oocytes, causes osmotic shock (solution effect) and intracellular ice crystallization leading to cell damage. (hindawi.com)
- Although significant progress has been made in both semen and embryo cryopreservation of several domestic species, oocytes are extremely sensitive to chilling, and to date a standardized procedure has not been established. (hindawi.com)
- Successful cryopreservation of oocytes would also preserve the genetic material from unexpectedly dead animals and facilitate many assisted reproductive technologies [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Temporary and reversible downregulation of metabolism may improve the survival of tissues exposed to non-physiological conditions during transport, in vitro culture, and cryopreservation. (springermedizin.de)
- Oocyte aspiration is most commonly performed to obtain oocytes for in vitro maturation, fertilization with intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and culture of blastocysts prior to either embryo cryopreservation or immediate transfer in a recipient mare. (vetstream.com)
- The new edition is thoroughly updated and includes major new research on reprogramming, oocyte molecular development, cryopreservation and viability. (wisepress.com)
- Consequently, numerous studies focused on the criteria allowing an efficient selection of high-quality oocytes, named also competent oocytes, for assisted reproduction procedure using both human and animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2016). Further activities of the laboratory are aimed to improve culture systems for mammalian oocytes and recognition of high-quality oocytes by molecular methods. (cas.cz)
- Another studies demonstrate evidence of high VEGF level as a marker of high quality oocytes. (ispub.com)
- In conclusion, differences in oocyte developmental capacity after IVM or in vivo maturation are accompanied by significant changes in transcript abundance in oocytes and their surrounding CCs, meiotic rate, mitochondrial distribution and apoptotic index. (upm.es)
- The book covers multiple molecular and physiological mechanisms including initiation of oocyte growth during folliculogenesis and in vitro follicle culture to support oocyte competence, that are critical to health and quality. (wiley.com)
- Arrest and reinitiation of oocyte maturation occur in association with the processes of folliculogenesis and ovulation. (springer.com)
- The mammalian oocytes grow and develop during long stages of folliculogenesis and oogenesis, which are substantially regulated and orchestrated by expression of clusters of target genes. (hindawi.com)
- In a growth phase occurring during most of folliculogenesis, the oocyte produces and accumulates molecules and organelles that are fundamental for the development of the preimplantation embryo. (nih.gov)
- The sham group was treated with DMSO (0.01% v.v). Then intracellular Glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm), as well as in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate in the 18-20 h matured oocytes and metaphase II (MII) oocytes (in vivo-control), were assessed. (ijbiotech.com)
- Asymmetric localization of the oocyte chromatin is maintained in the metaphase II (Met II) stage. (springer.com)
- In addition, 11% of metaphase II stage oocytes at the time of retrieval were collected from group 3. (biomedsearch.com)
- Comparing in vitro maturation rate of oocytes, we found oocytes collected from AR −/− mice have a significantly poor maturating rate with 60% reached metaphase II and 30% remained in germinal vesicle breakdown stage, whereas 95% of wild-type AR ( AR +/+ ) oocytes had reached metaphase II. (mdpi.com)
- However, the effect of MitoQ on the quality of oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) is still unknown. (ijbiotech.com)
- The number and quality of oocytes retrieved were evaluated and apoptosis of granolusa cells was studied. (who.int)
- Apoptotic rate negatively correlates with the quality of oocytes, and further affects fertilization rate and the number of embryo. (ispub.com)
- Oocyte Physiology and Development in Domestic Animals reviews the most recent advances in the research of physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying oocyte growth and development, providing readers with the fundamental understanding of these key processes and summarizing this important field of research. (wiley.com)
- This developmental incompetence has been explained as poor oocyte cytoplasmic maturation without any determination of the likely molecular basis of this observation. (monash.edu)
- Cumulus cells (CC) play important roles in oocyte development and cumulus expressed genes can be used as markers for oocyte quality. (springermedizin.de)
- This study aimed to investigate temporal changes in the expression of cumulus marker genes during oocyte maturation as possible biomarkers of embryo developmental competence in ovine. (springermedizin.de)
- In contrast, it was observed that as maturation progressed, the cumulus expression of most of the favorable genes was reduced and was found significantly downregulated at the completion of IVM in the poor as compared to the competent oocytes. (springermedizin.de)
- In this study, the transcriptomic profile of genes involved in "oocytes RNA synthesis" in relation to in vitro maturation in pigs was investigated for the first time. (hindawi.com)
- Since all of the presented genes were downregulated after IVM, we suggested that they might be significantly involved in regulation of RNA synthesis before reaching oocyte MII stage. (hindawi.com)
- It was represented by genes that were observed to be downregulated during the in vitro maturation. (hindawi.com)
- The oocyte development and ovulation are one of the most important processes in mammalian reproduction, though it gives the opportunity to fertilize and transfer genes to a new entity. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Some of the genes investigated, such as Gja1, could be potential biomarkers for oocyte developmental competence in the rabbit model, helping improve in vitro culture systems in these species. (upm.es)
- The in vitro fusion of GENES by RECOMBINANT DNA techniques to analyze protein behavior or GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, or to merge protein functions for specific medical or industrial uses. (bioportfolio.com)
- The over-abundance of transcripts identified in immature germinal vesicle stage oocytes recovered from gonadotrophin stimulated cycles and matured in vitro is probably due to dysregulation in either gene transcription or post-transcriptional modification of genes. (monash.edu)
- However, vitrification of oocytes is still challenging due to their complex structure and sensitivity to chilling. (hindawi.com)
- and to assess the meiotic spindle of in vitro -matured oocytes after vitrification/warming and further assessment of oocyte developmental competence. (ovid.com)
- In the third experiment, meiotic spindles were detected in 145 of 182 oocytes (79.6%) following vitrification and warming. (ovid.com)
- First, N.L., Leibfried-Rutledge, M.L. and Sirard, M.N. (1988) Cytoplasmic control of oocyte maturation and species differences in the development of maturational competence. (scirp.org)
- To maximize the probability of conception, ovulation must be synchronized with oocyte meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation and the postovulatory follicle must then undergo rapid transformation to a corpus luteum. (springer.com)
- However, the importance of cytoplasmic localization in the oocyte has been difficult to assess because, until recently, it has proved impossible to mature and fertilize cultured oocytes routinely. (biologists.org)
- At ovulation, growth is followed by a phase of maturation that, although confined within a short temporal window, encompasses modifications of the oocyte chromosome complement and rearrangements of cytoplasmic components that are crucial for the achievement of developmental competence. (nih.gov)
- Conventional oocyte donation involves controlled ovarian stimulation, followed by oocyte retrieval. (ecerm.org)
- The evaluated groups were formed for those patients whose oocytes, after retrieval, were inseminated at 1-3 h (Group I) or 4-6 h (Group II). (scirp.org)
- The patients were primed with nothing (group 1), low-dose HMG (group 2) or 10,000 IU HCG (group 3) before oocyte retrieval. (biomedsearch.com)
- Priming is the process by which the oocytes are primed with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) before retrieval. (wikipedia.org)
- The ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval (OPU) procedure (Pieterse et al . (scielo.org.za)
- Despite substantial progress in assisted reproduction technologies (ART), many failures are the result of oocyte aging (Miao et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
- As the season of reproduction approached, the dependence of oocyte maturation and ovulation on the Ringer solution dilution was reduced. (deepdyve.com)
- We would like to present here the current stage of knowledge regarding molecular mechanism of AV axis formation in mammalian oocytes and developmental significance of this process. (springer.com)
- Several studies have shown that high ROS levels produced during in vitro culture impair follicle development by damaging their cellular and molecular structures (for review, see Agarwal et al. (scielo.br)
- Some studies stated that high level of VEGF increase granulosa cell apoptosis and affect follicle development, low oocyte maturity, fertilization rate and embryo implantation. (ispub.com)
- The effect of stage of maturation of the germinal vesicle of porcine oocytes at the time of in vitro maturation on subsequent developmental competence was examined. (elsevier.com)
- The origin of the oocyte and more specifically, the environment in which oocyte growth and maturation occur [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] has been implicated as an important determinant of the subsequent developmental competence of the oocyte. (springer.com)
- These results indicate that supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with allicin during IVM improves the maturation of oocytes and the subsequent developmental competence of porcine oocytes. (cambridge.org)
- The oocytes may undergo maturation both in vivo and/or in vitro , but this process always involves significant morphological and molecular changes within the cells [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These results characterized Grb10 gene in bovine COC and provide evidences for its involvement during oocyte molecular maturation. (scielo.br)
- This dataset provides a unique reference resource for studies concerned with the molecular mechanisms controlling oocyte meiotic maturation in cattle, addresses the existing conflicting issue of transcription during meiotic maturation and contributes to the global goal of improving assisted reproductive technology. (springer.com)
- This study suggested a new integrative approach that matches morphological and molecular approaches used to select developmentally competent oocytes able to lead to successful pregnancy and the delivery of healthy baby. (biomedcentral.com)
- CONCLUSIONS Global gene expression profiling using microarrays and bioinformatics analysis has provided a molecular basis for differences in the developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro compared with in vivo. (monash.edu)
- 2006). The South American cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel, 1840) has been studied for several years in our laboratory, at the morphological, developmental, physiological, and molecular levels. (scielo.org.ar)
- This study examined the effects of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) priming on cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) morphology, oocyte maturation and embryo development in patients undergoing in-vitro maturation (IVM) cycles. (biomedsearch.com)
- This study investigated the effects of allicin treatment on porcine oocyte maturation and developmental competence. (cambridge.org)
- Gene expression was assessed in the CC of the BCB+ (developmentally competent) and BCB- (developmentally poor) oocytes at 0, 12, and 24 h of in vitro maturation (IVM). (springermedizin.de)
- At the 0 h of IVM, a significant upregulation in the expression of PTGS2 , STAR , SDC2 , LHR , FGF2 , BCL2 , IL7RA , HSPA1A , and IFNT was observed in the CC of the poor (BCB-) as compared to the competent (BCB+) oocytes. (springermedizin.de)
- The maturation rate and the developmental competence of TXNIP siRNA-treated oocytes were significantly improved. (bioportfolio.com)
- However, the detailed mechanism of how AR in granulosa cells exerts its effects on oocyte quality is poorly understood. (mdpi.com)