Oncogenes
Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.
Genes, ras
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Proto-Oncogenes
Genes, myc
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (myc) originally isolated from an avian myelocytomatosis virus. The proto-oncogene myc (c-myc) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Truncation of the first exon, which appears to regulate c-myc expression, is crucial for tumorigenicity. The human c-myc gene is located at 8q24 on the long arm of chromosome 8.
Oncogene Proteins, Viral
Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
ONCOGENE PROTEINS from papillomavirus that deregulate the CELL CYCLE of infected cells and lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. Papillomavirus E7 proteins have been shown to interact with various regulators of the cell cycle including RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and certain cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
Oncogene Proteins v-raf
Genes, Tumor Suppressor
Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc)
Gene Amplification
A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.
Oncogene Protein p21(ras)
Transforming protein encoded by ras oncogenes. Point mutations in the cellular ras gene (c-ras) can also result in a mutant p21 protein that can transform mammalian cells. Oncogene protein p21(ras) has been directly implicated in human neoplasms, perhaps accounting for as much as 15-20% of all human tumors. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.
Cell Line, Transformed
Cell Transformation, Viral
Neoplasms
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
Genes, src
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (src) originally isolated from the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). The proto-oncogene src (c-src) codes for a protein that is a member of the tyrosine kinase family and was the first proto-oncogene identified in the human genome. The human c-src gene is located at 20q12-13 on the long arm of chromosome 20.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins
Oncogene Proteins
Retroviridae
Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase. The family contains seven genera: DELTARETROVIRUS; LENTIVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE B, MAMMALIAN; ALPHARETROVIRUS; GAMMARETROVIRUS; RETROVIRUSES TYPE D; and SPUMAVIRUS. A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA. After integration it is sometimes not expressed but maintained in a latent state (PROVIRUSES).
Transfection
Mutation
Cell Division
Base Sequence
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
3T3 Cells
Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Oncogene Fusion
ras Proteins
Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived protein, PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS), plays a role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development. The oncogene-derived protein (ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS)) can play a role in aberrant cellular regulation during neoplastic cell transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming
Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.
MicroRNAs
Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs, 21-25 nucleotides in length generated from single-stranded microRNA gene transcripts by the same RIBONUCLEASE III, Dicer, that produces small interfering RNAs (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING). They become part of the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX and repress the translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC) of target RNA by binding to homologous 3'UTR region as an imperfect match. The small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), let-7 and lin-4, from C. elegans, are the first 2 miRNAs discovered, and are from a class of miRNAs involved in developmental timing.
Fibroblasts
Papillomaviridae
A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.
Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
Genes, abl
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (abl) originally isolated from the Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV). The proto-oncogene abl (c-abl) codes for a protein that is a member of the tyrosine kinase family. The human c-abl gene is located at 9q34.1 on the long arm of chromosome 9. It is activated by translocation to bcr on chromosome 22 in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Genes, p53
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Gene Expression Regulation
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Gene Expression Profiling
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src)
A tyrosine-specific protein kinase encoded by the v-src oncogene of ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS. The transforming activity of pp60(v-src) depends on both the lack of a critical carboxy-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation site at position 527, and the attachment of pp60(v-src) to the plasma membrane which is accomplished by myristylation of its N-terminal glycine.
Transcription, Genetic
Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Repressor Proteins
Oncogene Proteins v-abl
Gene Dosage
The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Transcription Factors
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Adenovirus E1A Proteins
Translocation, Genetic
Gene Expression
Cells, Cultured
Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun)
Mice, Nude
Cell Aging
Oncogene Proteins v-fos
Transforming proteins coded by fos oncogenes. These proteins have been found in the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses which induce osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The FBJ-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p55-kDa protein and the FBR-MSV v-fos gene encodes a p75-kDa fusion protein.
Mice, Transgenic
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf
Chromosome Aberrations
Neoplasm Proteins
Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.
Human papillomavirus 16
Oncogene Proteins v-erbB
Rubia
Neoplasms, Experimental
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Gene Rearrangement
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Kirsten murine sarcoma virus
A replication-defective murine sarcoma virus (SARCOMA VIRUSES, MURINE) capable of transforming mouse lymphoid cells and producing erythroid leukemia after superinfection with murine leukemia viruses (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE). It has also been found to transform cultured human fibroblasts, rat liver epithelial cells, and rat adrenocortical cells.
Genes, Neoplasm
Cell Cycle
The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.
Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF
A gene product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It antagonizes the function of MDM2 PROTEIN (which regulates P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN by targeting it for degradation). p14ARF is produced from the beta mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced alpha transcript, is CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P16. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
NIH 3T3 Cells
A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Phenotype
Cell Differentiation
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Avian leukosis virus
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf
Nuclear Proteins
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Retroviridae Proteins
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
A product of the p16 tumor suppressor gene (GENES, P16). It is also called INK4 or INK4A because it is the prototype member of the INK4 CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITORS. This protein is produced from the alpha mRNA transcript of the p16 gene. The other gene product, produced from the alternatively spliced beta transcript, is TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P14ARF. Both p16 gene products have tumor suppressor functions.
Down-Regulation
Adenovirus Early Proteins
Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesized prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic transformation.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 3
Virus Integration
Harvey murine sarcoma virus
Alpharetrovirus
Blotting, Southern
Models, Biological
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.
Neoplasm Transplantation
Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
Translation products of a fusion gene derived from CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION of C-ABL GENES to the genetic locus of the breakpoint cluster region gene on chromosome 22. Several different variants of the bcr-abl fusion proteins occur depending upon the precise location of the chromosomal breakpoint. These variants can be associated with distinct subtypes of leukemias such as PRECURSOR CELL LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE; and NEUTROPHILIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.
Genes, jun
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (jun) originally isolated from the avian sarcoma virus 17 (ASV 17). The proto-oncogene jun (c-jun) codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related transcriptional control. Insertion of c-jun into ASV-17 or the constitutive expression of the c-jun protein produces tumorgenicity. The human c-jun gene is located at 1p31-32 on the short arm of chromosome 1.
Oncogene Protein gp140(v-fms)
Transforming glycoprotein coded by the fms oncogene from the Susan McDonough strain of feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV). The oncogene protein v-fms lacks sequences, which, in the highly homologous proto-oncogene protein c-fms (CSF-1 receptor), normally serve to regulate its tyrosine kinase activity. The missing sequences in v-fms mimic the effect of ligand and lead to constitutive cell growth. The protein gp120(v-fms) is post-translationally modified to generate gp140(v-fms).
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Transduction, Genetic
Sarcoma Viruses, Murine
Genes, bcl-2
Cloning, Molecular
Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1
Blotting, Northern
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret
Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the signaling of GLIAL CELL-LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR ligands. They contain an extracellular cadherin domain and form a receptor complexes with GDNF RECEPTORS. Mutations in ret protein are responsible for HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE and MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2.
Carcinoma
Keratinocytes
Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.
Tumor Markers, Biological
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)
Abelson murine leukemia virus
Amino Acid Sequence
Carcinogens
Genes, erbB-2
The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral oncogene homolog (v-erbB) which is a truncated form of the chicken erbB gene found in the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression and amplification of the gene is associated with a significant number of adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-2 gene is located at 17q21.2.
Genes, erbA
Genes related to the erbA DNA sequence that was first isolated from the avian erythroblastosis virus (ERYTHROBLASTOSIS VIRUS, AVIAN), v-erbA. In cells, erbA genes encode thyroid hormone receptors (RECEPTORS, THYROID HORMONE). Two distinct c-erbA genes have been identified: erbA-alpha located at 17q21; and erbA-beta located at 3p24. Truncations at the N- and C-terminals of erbA result in products resembling v-erbA. Truncations affect hormone responsiveness but not DNA binding capacity.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Cyclin D1
Blotting, Western
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Retinoblastoma Protein
Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.
Growth Substances
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.
Isobutyrates
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.
Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
Genes, fos
Retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (fos) originally isolated from the Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins (FBJ-MSV) and Finkel-Biskis-Reilly (FBR-MSV) murine sarcoma viruses. The proto-oncogene protein c-fos codes for a nuclear protein which is involved in growth-related transcriptional control. The insertion of c-fos into FBJ-MSV or FBR-MSV induces osteogenic sarcomas in mice. The human c-fos gene is located at 14q21-31 on the long arm of chromosome 14.
Plasmids
Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Chickens
Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein
Carcinogenesis
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
Chromosomal Instability
Phosphorylation
Cell Survival
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Immunohistochemistry
Genome, Human
Transcriptional Activation
DNA Primers
Receptor, Notch1
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
Telomerase
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.
Gene Silencing
Genes, Retinoblastoma
Tumor suppressor genes located on human chromosome 13 in the region 13q14 and coding for a family of phosphoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 104 kDa to 115 kDa. One copy of the wild-type Rb gene is necessary for normal retinal development. Loss or inactivation of both alleles at this locus results in retinoblastoma.
Chromosome Mapping
Hybrid Cells
Receptor, erbB-2
A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos
Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).
Trans-Activators
Sarcoma Viruses, Feline
Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS isolated from fibrosarcoma in cats. The viruses are actually recombinant feline leukemia viruses (FeLV) where part of the genome has been replaced by cellular oncogenes. It is unique to individuals and not transmitted naturally to other cats. FeSVs are replication defective and require FeLV to reproduce.
Simian virus 40
Moloney murine sarcoma virus
Avian Sarcoma Viruses
Transformation, Genetic
Cancer genetics: tumor suppressor meets oncogene. (1/3637)
The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor protein is inactivated by mutations in the majority of colorectal cancers. A recent study has revealed that alterations in the APC signaling pathway can result in the transcriptional activation of the c-MYC gene. (+info)Diverse developing mouse lineages exhibit high-level c-Myb expression in immature cells and loss of expression upon differentiation. (2/3637)
The c-myb gene encodes a sequence specific transactivator that is required for fetal hematopoiesis, but its potential role in other tissues is less clear because of the early fetal demise of mice with targeted deletions of the c-myb gene and incomplete of knowledge about c-myb's expression pattern. In the hematopoietic system, c-Myb protein acts on target genes whose expression is restricted to individual lineages, despite Myb's presence and role in multiple immature lineages. This suggests that c-Myb actions within different cell type-specific contexts are strongly affected by combinatorial interactions. To consider the possibility of similar c-Myb actions could extend into non-hematopoietic systems in other cell and tissue compartments, we characterized c-myb expression in developing and adult mice using in situ hybridization and correlated this with stage-specific differentiation and mitotic activity. Diverse tissues exhibited strong c-myb expression during development, notably tooth buds, the thyroid primordium, developing trachea and proximal branching airway epithelium, hair follicles, hematopoietic cells, and gastrointestinal crypt epithelial cells. The latter three of these all maintained high expression into adulthood, but with characteristic restriction to immature cell lineages prior to their terminal differentiation. In all sites, during fetal and adult stages, loss of c-Myb expression correlated strikingly with the initiation of terminal differentiation, but not the loss of mitotic activity. Based on these data, we hypothesize that c-Myb's function during cellular differentiation is both an activator of immature gene expression and a suppressor of terminal differentiation in diverse lineages. (+info)Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (3/3637)
Oncogenes are often dysregulated in B cell tumors as a result of a reciprocal translocation involving an immunoglobulin locus. The translocations are caused by errors in two developmentally regulated DNA recombination processes: V(D)J and IgH switch recombination. Both processes share the property of joining discontinuous sequences from one chromosome and releasing intervening sequences as circles that are lost from progeny cells. Here we show that these intervening sequences may instead insert in the genome and that during productive IgH mu-epsilon switch recombination in U266 myeloma tumor cells, a portion of the excised IgH switch intervening sequences containing the 3' alpha-1 enhancer has inserted on chromosome 11q13, resulting in overexpression of the adjacent cyclin D1 oncogene. (+info)Molecular mechanisms of proliferation in endometrial tumour cells. (4/3637)
The human endometrium normally undergoes a cyclic proliferation process followed by differentiation under the influence of ovarian steroids and locally produced growth and differentiation factors. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling these processes is of great interest, since imbalances between proliferation- and differentiation-promoting signals can have pathophysiological consequences ranging from infertility to endometrial hyperplasia and tumour formation. The present work reviews aspects of the role played by oncogenes and ovarian steroid receptors in modulating proliferation of endometrial tumour cells. The expression pattern and possible roles of protein kinase C (PKC) subunits are discussed in the context of response-specificity of endometrial tumour cells to tumour-promoting agents such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol acetate (TPA) and possible implications for anti-tumour therapy. (+info)Molecular detection of tumor cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with early stage lung cancer. (5/3637)
BACKGROUND: Conventional cytologic analysis of sputum is an insensitive test for the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We have recently demonstrated that polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular methods are more sensitive than cytologic analysis in diagnosing bladder cancer. In this study, we examined whether molecular assays could identify cancer cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. METHODS: Tumor-specific oncogene mutations, CpG-island methylation status, and microsatellite alterations in the DNA of cells in BAL fluid from 50 consecutive patients with resectable (stages I through IIIa) NSCLC were assessed by use of four PCR-based techniques. RESULTS: Of 50 tumors, 28 contained a p53 mutation, and the identical mutation was detected with a plaque hybridization assay in the BAL fluid of 39% (11 of 28) of the corresponding patients. Eight of 19 adenocarcinomas contained a K-ras mutation, and the identical mutation was detected with a mutation ligation assay in the BAL fluid of 50% (four of eight) of the corresponding patients. The p16 gene was methylated in 19 of 50 tumors, and methylated p16 alleles were detected in the BAL fluid of 63% (12 of 19) of the corresponding patients. Microsatellite instability in at least one marker was detected with a panel of 15 markers frequently altered in NSCLC in 23 of 50 tumors; the identical alteration was detected in the BAL fluid of 14% (three of 22) of the corresponding patients. When all four techniques were used, mutations or microsatellite instability was detected in the paired BAL fluid of 23 (53%) of the 43 patients with tumors carrying a genetic alteration. CONCLUSION: Although still limited by sensitivity, molecular diagnostic strategies can detect the presence of neoplastic cells in the proximal airway of patients with surgically resectable NSCLC. (+info)Search for oncogenic regulators in an autocrine tumor model using differential display PCR: identification of novel candidate genes including the calcium channel mtrp6. (6/3637)
A hemopoietic multistep tumor model, in which IL-3 dependent PB-3c mast cells, following expression of v-H-ras progress in vivo to IL-3 producing autocrine tumors has previously been established. Central for this oncogenic progression is a recessive step, which is reversible by cell fusion and leads to stabilization of IL-3 mRNA with concomitant activation of the autocrine loop. Comparing the IL-3 dependent PB-3c and the IL-3 autocrine V2D1 tumor cells with differential display PCR revealed 12 differentially expressed genes of which eight were upregulated and four downregulated in the tumor. They included four proteases (mouse mast cell protease 2, granzyme B, pepsinogen F and serine protease 1) and two metabolic enzymes (adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and fructose1,6-bisphosphatase). For validation, expression of the identified genes was tested in independent PB-3c precursor clones and their tumor derivatives. Expression of an endogenous retroviral IAP element and three unknown transcripts were consistently upregulated in all tumor lines. In somatic cell hybrids, two of these unknown cDNAs showed a dominant and one a recessive expression pattern. One transcript, expressed in the precursor but downregulated in the tumor cells, was cloned and identified as the murine calcium channel mtrp6. (+info)Induction of apoptosis by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and its association with reactive oxygen species, nuclear retinoic acid receptors, and apoptosis-related genes in human prostate carcinoma cells. (7/3637)
The synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) has been shown to induce apoptosis in various malignant cells including human prostate carcinoma cells (HPC). We examined several possible mechanisms by which 4HPR could induce apoptosis in HPC cells. 4HPR exhibited concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell number both in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (DU145 and PC-3) cells. The 4HPR concentrations causing 50% decrease in cell number in LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3 cultures were 0.9 +/- 0.16, 4.4 +/- 0.45, and 3.0 +/- 1.0 microM, respectively, indicating that LNCaP cells were more sensitive to 4HPR than the other cells. 4HPR-induced apoptosis in all three cell lines was evidenced by increased enzymatic labeling of DNA breaks and formation of a DNA ladder. 4HPR increased the level of reactive oxygen species, especially in LNCaP cells. 4HPR-induced apoptosis could be suppressed in LNCaP cells by antioxidant and in DU145 cells by a nuclear retinoic acid receptor-specific antagonist, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species or retinoic acid receptors in mediating apoptosis induced by 4HPR in the different HPC cells. Furthermore, 4HPR modulated the expression levels of some apoptosis-related gene (p21, c-myc, and c-jun), which may also contribute to the induction of apoptosis by 4HPR in HPC cells. (+info)An ankyrin-like protein with transmembrane domains is specifically lost after oncogenic transformation of human fibroblasts. (8/3637)
We have identified a novel transformation-sensitive mRNA, which is present in cultured fibroblasts but is lacking in SV40 transformed cells as well as in many mesenchymal tumor cell lines. The corresponding gene is located on human chromosome 8 in band 8q13. The open reading frame of the mRNA encodes a protein of 1119 amino acids forming two distinct domains. The N-terminal domain consists of 18 repeats that are related to the cytoskeletal protein ankyrin. The C-terminal domain contains six putative transmembrane segments that resemble many ion channels. This overall structure is reminiscent of TRP-like proteins that function as store-operated calcium channels. The novel protein with an Mr of 130 kDa is expressed at a very low level in human fibroblasts and at a moderate level in liposarcoma cells. Overexpression in eukaryotic cells appears to interfere with normal growth, suggesting that it might play a direct or indirect role in signal transduction and growth control. (+info)
V h ras oncogenes - Definition and misspellings for v H ras Oncogenes at Spellorg.com
Molecular evolutionary rates of oncogenes<...
Pe-1, a novel ets oncogene family member, localizes to chromosome 1q21-q23<...
Identification of 33 candidate oncogenes by screening for base-specific mutations<...
GeneQueryâ„¢ Human Oncogenes qPCR Array Kit - Science PRO
Survival and Death Signals Can Predict Tumor Response to Therapy After Oncogene Inactivation | Science Translational Medicine
The PU.1 transcription factor is the product of the putative oncogene Spi-1<...
Oncogenes (Cancer Genes, Proto-Oncogenes)
RAB6B Human - Recombinant Human RAB6B, Member RAS Oncogene Family (5ug) by Aviva Systems Biology Incorporated - Absave
RAB39 elisa kit | Mouse RAB39, member RAS oncogene family ELISA Kit-NP 780771.1
Clinical Relevance of ROS (V-ros UR2 Sarcoma Virus Oncogene Homolog) Aberrations in Solid Tumours - Full Text View -...
Oncogene Addiction: How Cells Handle the Habit | Science Translational Medicine
Oncogenic shock: Explaining oncogene addiction through differential signal attenuation - Fingerprint
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A CANCER RAINBOW MOUSE FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE ONCOGENES | Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (IMAT)
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Hypomethylation of ras oncogenes in primary human cancers. - M...
Mesoderm-inducing properties of INT-2 and kFGF: two oncogene-encoded growth factors related to FGF | Development | The Company...
Oncogene - Lexipedia
Tandemly Integrated HPV16 Can Form a Brd4-Dependent Super-Enhancer-Like Element That Drives Transcription of Viral Oncogenes |...
Functional oncogene signatures guide rationally designed combination therapies to synergistically induce breast cancer cell...
ALK and ROS1 Lung Cancer Oncogenes May Also Drive Colorectal Cancer
Oncogenes and Growth Control - Patricia Kahn; Thomas Graf; | Foyles Bookstore
Extrachromosomal Oncogene Amplification Involves Rearrangement of Regulatory Elements | Genomeweb
Chemical biology 19: oncogene addiction in cancer
RAB13 RAB13, member RAS oncogene family [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
RAB31 Human-Member RAS Oncogene Family
RAB13 Human-Member RAS Oncogene Family
RAB1A (RAB1A, member RAS oncogene family) - KOMP (Knockout Mouse Project)
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The TP53 Website - p53 as an oncogene?
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Oncogene
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Mathematical modeling of the interactions between cellular programs in response to oncogene inactivation: Incorporation of both...
Sequence Detail
anti-RAB17 antibody [4E7] | GeneTex
anti-RAB4A antibody [4E11] | GeneTex
Expression of Avian Retrovirus Transforming Genes - J Parsons
Oncogenes | Oncotherm
Cellular oncogene c-fos | definition of cellular oncogene c-fos by Medical dictionary
RAB41, member RAS oncogene family | definition of RAB41, member RAS oncogene family by Medical dictionary
Differences in Effects of Oncogenes on Resistance to γ Rays, Ultraviolet Light, and Heat Shock | Radiation Research | Allen...
Synthesis and Evaluation of Multisubstrate Inhibitors of an Oncogene-Encoded Tyrosine-Specific Protein Kinase.<...
Acquiring oncogenes through horizontal transfer
Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante
New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway |...
Inflammation plays an intrinsic component in tumor initiation. oncogene irritation and - Regulation of JAK-STAT signalling in...
Serval - Oncogenes et antioncogenes: la genetique des cancers. [Oncogenes and anti-oncogenes: the genetics of cancer]
WikiGenes - RAB2B - RAB2B, member RAS oncogene family
WikiGenes - RAB11A - RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family
Oncogenic Shock: Explaining Oncogene Addiction through Differential Signal Attenuation | Clinical Cancer...
Is oncogene addiction angiogenesis-dependent? - PubMed - NCBI
Identification and mutation analysis of DOC-1R, a DOC-1 growth suppressor-related gene
Oncogene Offers Possibility of Predictive Test -- MEDICA Trade Fair
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Lecture 29 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors - Recognize that most cancers originate in tissues and cell types that undergo...
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Anti-Human Cell Adhesion Molecule-Related/down-Regulated By Oncogenes Antikörper für Western Blotting (WB)
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From Metabolism to Oncogenes and Back - Part III | ScienceBlogs
MN1 (gene)
MN1, MGCR, MGCR1, MGCR1-PEN, dJ353E16.2, meningioma (disrupted in balanced translocation) 1, MN1 proto-oncogene, ...
Afatinib
"Oncogene. 27 (34): 4702-11. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.109. PMC 2748240. PMID 18408761.. ...
Benzo(a)pyrene
Oncogene. 2002 October 21;21(48):7435-51. *^ Jiang, Hao; Gelhaus, Stacy L.; Mangal, Dipti; Harvey, Ronald G.; Blair, Ian A.; ...
RAD51
"Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer ...
Cyclin T2
Simone C, Bagella L, Bellan C, Giordano A (2002). "Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex". Oncogene. 21 ( ... Oncogene. 21 (26): 4158-65. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205511. PMID 12037672. Wolff A (1976). "[Problem of occupational disability ...
SSX1
2002). "Co-existence of SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 fusions in synovial sarcomas". Oncogene. 21 (26): 4181-90. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ... 2006). "IGF2 is critical for tumorigenesis by synovial sarcoma oncoprotein SYT-SSX1". Oncogene. 25 (7): 1042-52. doi:10.1038/sj ...
Superoxide dismutase
Oncogene. 24 (3): 367-80. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208207. PMID 15531919.. ...
Mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family
Oncogene. 29 (42): 5724-8. doi:10.1038/onc.2010.305. PMID 20676129. Page for mir-9/mir-79 microRNA precursor family at Rfam ...
Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1
Oncogene. 24 (21): 3535-40. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208435. PMID 15782137.. ...
P110α
Ma YY, Wei SJ, Lin YC, Lung JC, Chang TC, Whang-Peng J, Liu JM, Yang DM, Yang WK, Shen CY (May 2000). "PIK3CA as an oncogene in ... cervical cancer". Oncogene. 19 (23): 2739-44. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203597. PMID 10851074.. ... "Oncogene. 33 (23): 2949-2955. doi:10.1038/onc.2013.244. PMC 3818472. PMID 23792451.. ...
ABCG2
"Oncogene. 22 (47): 7340-58. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206938. PMID 14576842.. ...
Hsp70
Oncogene. 32 (25): 3101-10. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.314. PMID 22824801.. ...
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Oncogene. 18 (46): 6271-7. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203033. PMID 10597225. Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD (August 1998). "New approach ...
CDC42
Oncogene. 21 (24): 3939-48. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205478. PMID 12032833.. ...
Neurotrophin
"Oncogene. 27 (48): 6245-6251. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.301. PMC 3063296 . PMID 18931691.. ...
Carbonic anhydrase 9
Oncogene. 9 (10): 2877-88. PMID 8084592.. ...
Plakophilin-4
Oncogene. 21 (46): 7042-9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205852. PMID 12370826.. ...
TRAIL
"Oncogene. 32 (11): 1341-50. doi:10.1038/onc.2012.164. PMC 4502956. PMID 22580613.. ...
UBE2D2
Oncogene. 19 (31): 3529-36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203647. PMID 10918611.. ...
Long non-coding RNA
Li J, Witte DP, Van Dyke T, Askew DS (April 1997). "Expression of the putative proto-oncogene His-1 in normal and neoplastic ... Further analysis of one ultraconserved ncRNA suggested it behaved like an oncogene by mitigating apoptosis and subsequently ... Oncogene. 23 (39): 6684-92. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207880. PMID 15221013. Eis PS, Tam W, Sun L, et al. (March 2005). "Accumulation ... Oncogene. 26 (6): 851-8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209846. PMID 16878148. Reis EM, Nakaya HI, Louro R, et al. (August 2004). " ...
GTPase
"Oncogene. 20 (13): 1643-1652. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204185. PMID 11313912.. ...
TXNIP
Oncogene. 22 (26): 4035-46. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206610. PMID 12821938.. ...
RBPJ
Oncogene. 13 (8): 1819-30. PMID 8895530.. ...
DNA
Valerie K, Povirk LF (September 2003). "Regulation and mechanisms of mammalian double-strand break repair". Oncogene. 22 (37): ...
Philadelphia chromosome
Sattler, Martin; James D. Griffin (April 2001). "Mechanisms of transformation by the BCR/ABL oncogene". International Journal ... Nimmanapalli, R.; Bhalla, K. (2002). "Novel targeted therapies for Bcr-Abl positive acute leukemias: Beyond STI571". Oncogene. ...
PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors
Oncogene. 21 (48): 7435-51. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205803. PMID 12379884.. ...
Virus
Oncogene. 2007;26(9):1297-305. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210240. PMID 17322915. ...
Cyclin
Galderisi U, Jori FP, Giordano A (August 2003). "Cell cycle regulation and neural differentiation". Oncogene. 22 (33): 5208-19 ...
GNAL
Oncogene. 21 (25): 4020-31. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205498. PMID 12037684. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). " ...
MTF1
Oncogene. 24 (13): 2204-17. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208206. PMID 15735762.. ...
Oncogenes | SpringerLink
Oncogene
It is published weekly and covers all aspects of the structure and function of Oncogenes. ... Oncogene is one of the worlds leading cancer journals. ... Welcome to Oncogene Publishing the latest research on the ... Join the Oncogene Twitter Community @oncogenejournal. Follow us to keep up-to-date with the latest research and news from ... A sincere thank you to all of the reviewers listed here, who took the time to review for Oncogene in 2020. The journal could ...
Oncogenes and cancer. - PubMed - NCBI
JCI -
Targeting oncogenes
RET proto-oncogene - Wikipedia
"Oncogene. 8 (11): 2925-2929. PMID 8414495.. *^ Baloh RH, Enomoto H, Johnson EM, et al. (2000). "The GDNF family ligands and ... The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF ... 1993). "Exon structure and flanking intronic sequences of the human RET proto-oncogene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 196 (3 ... ret+Proto-Oncogene+Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...
Quels sont des Oncogenes ?
Certaines des différentes catégories des oncogenes comprennent : Facteurs de croissance ou mitogènes - ces oncogenes stimulent ... Un exemple dun oncogene dans ce type est c-SiS.. *Récepteurs tyrosine kinase - les exemples des oncogenes dans ce type ... Plusieurs autres systèmes ont été conçus pour classifier des oncogenes. Certaines des différentes catégories des oncogenes ... Ces oncogenes peuvent stimuler la cellule sécréter des facteurs de croissance quand il ne ferait pas normalement ainsi, ...
Int oncogenes - Oxford Reference
Oncogene | Encyclopedia.com
Oncogene An oncogene is a special type of gene that is capable of transforming host cells and triggering carcinogenesis. The ... Classes of proto-oncogene. There are five major classes of proto-oncogene/oncogenes: (1) growth factors, (2) growth factor ... Inherited oncogenes. In most cases, oncogenes result from changes in proto-oncogenes in select somatic cells and are not passed ... We inherit two of each type of proto-oncogene. A change in only one proto-oncogene of a pair converts it into an oncogene. The ...
Expression of Cellular Oncogenes | SpringerLink
Bishop JM (1983) Cellular oncogenes and retroviruses. Ann Rev Biochem 52:301-354PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Watt R, Stanton LW, Marcu KB, Gallo RC, Croces CM, Ravena G (1983) Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA of human c-myc oncogene. ... Roussel M, Saule S, Lagrou C, Rommens C, Beug H, Graf T, Stehelin D (1979) Three new types of viral oncogene of cellular origin ... Rous Sarcoma Virus Avian Myeloblastosis Virus Cellular Oncogene Avian Sarcoma Virus Murine Sarcoma Virus These keywords were ...
RAS oncogene | biology | Britannica
... oncogene: , MYC and RAS). The origin or location of the gene is indicated by the prefix of ... In cancer: Proto-oncogenes and the cell cycle. …can be seen in the ras family of oncogenes. The ras oncogene has a single ... In oncogene. , MYC and RAS). The origin or location of the gene is indicated by the prefix of "v-" for virus or "c-" for cell ... More than 70 human oncogenes have been identified. Breast cancer has been linked to… ...
Are microRNAs oncogenes?
"But it s the first really definitive link where we can show with biological experiments that microRNAs can act as an oncogene ... Finally, the researchers tested the effects of overexpression of the miRNA cluster in mice carrying the oncogene c-myc -- ... just as cancer-causing genes are called oncogenes. Senior author Scott Hammond of the University of North Carolina at Chapel ...
Oncogene - Wikipedia
A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto-oncogenes code ... Most oncogenes began as proto-oncogenes: normal genes involved in cell growth and proliferation or inhibition of apoptosis. If ... Many cancer drugs target the proteins encoded by oncogenes. The theory of oncogenes was foreshadowed by the German biologist ... The resultant protein encoded by an oncogene is termed oncoprotein. Oncogenes play an important role in the regulation or ...
RAS oncogenes: weaving a tumorigenic web. - PubMed - NCBI
RAS oncogenes: weaving a tumorigenic web.. Pylayeva-Gupta Y1, Grabocka E, Bar-Sagi D. ... In this Review, we describe how RAS oncogenes exploit their extensive signalling reach to affect multiple cellular processes ... Hyperproliferative cues from activation of the RAS oncogene can result in replicative stress leading to DNA damage. In response ...
BCR/abl | oncogene | Britannica.com
Identifying Oncogenes | Science Signaling
Thus, the authors conclude that IKBKE is a breast cancer oncogene that may link PI3K signaling to activation of the NF-κB ... Boehm et al. used an integrative genomic approach to identify potential oncogenes by determining which signaling pathways ... IKBKE is a breast cancer oncogene that may link PI3K signaling to activation of the NF-κB pathway. ... IKBKE is a breast cancer oncogene that may link PI3K signaling to activation of the NF-κB pathway. ...
Oncogene addiction - Wikipedia
Examples of inhibitors that have been used to block oncogenes and disrupt oncogene addiction include imatinib, nilotinib, ... Oncogene addiction is a process in which cancers with genetic, epigenetic, or chromosomal irregularities become dependent on ... As a result, cancer cells rely on continuous signaling from these oncogenes for their survival. The term was coined in 2002 by ... Oncogene inhibition typically results progression-free survival of a few months, meaning most cancer treatment ultimately ...
From Metabolism to Oncogenes and Back - Part III | ScienceBlogs
From Metabolism to Oncogenes and Back - Part II. Last time I told you about how the view of cancer switched from the ... From Metabolism to Oncogenes and Back - Part I. One of the biggest stories over the last decade was how metabolism taught ... Its components include some of the most important proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. One of the major outputs of this ... The first group of genes are called proton-oncogenes, the second group are named tumor suppressor genes. Next we discovered ...
C-Sis Proto-Oncogene
Oncogenes are responsible for encoding proteins that have the ability to kick-start cellular transformation either by ... Oncogenes were initially discovered as cancer-causing viruses. However, science soon proved that they are found in all normal ... The Importance of C-Sis Oncogene. Studies have demonstrated that human c-sis proto-oncogene is over expressed in a large number ... For instance, the c-sis oncogene (or proto-oncogene to be more precise) is actively transcribed in the highly invasive and ...
Genetics / Driver Oncogenes
Oncogene. 1997. [4] Baxter EJ, Scott LM, Campbell PJ, et al. Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human ... The BCR-ABL oncogene is a fusion gene resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 ( ... is a growth factor receptor encoded by the MPL proto-oncogene. The most frequent MPL mutation in the MPN context is a G to T ... carry a myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL) mutation. The mechanisms, by which these alter cell function and ...
Discovery of oncogenes: The advent of molecular cancer research | PNAS
From the pioneering discovery of the first oncogene in a chicken virus, oncogene research has developed into a central topic in ... Oncogenes and proto-oncogenes will remain in the focus of biology, biochemistry, and medicine. ... Principally, any activating mutation or deregulation of cellular oncogenes, also termed proto-oncogenes in their normal ... These novel oncogenes were later shown to be derived from cellular oncogenes, which today are known as major drivers of human ...
CISDOC - Serum oncogene proteins in foundry workers
Oncogene activation can be detected by immunoblotting for oncogene proteins in serum. This technique has been applied to screen ... Three of the 18 individuals screened were found to have abnormal expression of the proteins of the ras and fes oncogenes. These ... These results suggest the feasibility of using serum oncogene proteins along with DNA-carcinogen adducts as potential molecular ...
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors | Blood Journal
Ayalew Tefferi, Juergen Thiele, Attilio Orazi, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Tiziano Barbui, Curtis A. Hanson, Giovanni Barosi, Srdan Verstovsek, Gunnar Birgegard, Ruben Mesa, John T. Reilly, Heinz Gisslinger, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Francisco Cervantes, Guido Finazzi, Ronald Hoffman, D. Gary Gilliland, Clara D. Bloomfield and James W. Vardiman ...
Cisplatin resistance and oncogenes--a review
... Anticancer Drugs. 2000 Apr;11(4):225-36. doi: 10.1097/00001813-200004000-00001. ... Several lines of evidence suggest that expression of ras oncogenes can confer resistance to cisplatin by reducing drug uptake ... Furthermore, the identification of oncogenes involved in cisplatin resistance has already led to in vitro approaches which ... More recently, additional pathways have been characterized indicating that altered expression of oncogenes that subsequently ...
Cell calcium, oncogenes, and hypertrophy. | Hypertension
JCI -
ErbB receptors: from oncogenes to targeted cancer therapies
Understanding the genetic origin of cancer at the molecular level has facilitated the development of novel targeted therapies. Aberrant activation of the ErbB family of receptors is implicated in many human cancers and is already the target of several anticancer therapeutics. The use of mAbs specific for the extracellular domain of ErbB receptors was the first implementation of rational targeted therapy. The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain is also a preferred target for small compounds that inhibit the kinase activity of these receptors. However, current therapy has not yet been optimized, allowing for opportunities for optimization of the next generation of targeted therapy, particularly with regards to inhibiting heteromeric ErbB family receptor complexes.. ...
Functional germline variants as potential co-oncogenes
Plus it
Finally, oncogene addiction does not reconcile why oncogene activation in normal cells and oncogene inactivation in tumor cells ... although oncogene addiction does account for why oncogene activation induces apoptosis, it does not account for why oncogene ... Mechanisms of Oncogene Addiction. We proposed that the phenomenon of oncogene addiction is a consequence of the fact that the ... The consequences of oncogene inactivation in a tumor are a direct consequence of the regained ability of that oncogene to now ...
Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes - QIAGEN
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Rat Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array ... Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Human Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array ... Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes RT2 Profiler PCR Array The Mouse Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array ... Oncogene Panel 384HT qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Array The Human Oncogene Panel qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Array is a ...
Oncogene - Wikipedia
Proto-oncogeneEdit. A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. ... The first confirmed oncogene was discovered in 1970 and was termed sarcom. Sarcoma was in fact first discovered as an oncogene ... Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. Proto-oncogenes are often involved ... Activated oncogenes can cause those cells designated for apoptosis to survive and proliferate instead.[3] Most oncogenes began ...
Proto-Oncogenes in Cell Development | Cell & Molecular Biology | Life Sciences | Subjects | Wiley
Proto-Oncogenes in Cell Development. Gregory R. Bock (Editor), Joan Marsh (Editor) ... and chemical implications and the latest thinking on the role of proto-oncogenes and their relationship to cell development and ... deterioration in amphibians, the role of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and the role of proto-oncogenes in differentiation and ...
GeneMutationsProteinViralCancersSuppressorsExample of an oncogeneGeneticConcept of oncogene addictionTumorsOncogenesisPathwaysGenes are calledAvian Sarcoma VirusSerum oncogene proteinsExpressionMolecularSarcomaResearchersGenomicAnti-oncogenesMultiple oncogenesRetroviral oncogenesDifferentiationEncodesTherapeuticMechanismsMalignantProliferationGeneticsHumanSearchOncogenicHematopoietic cellsVirusesMicroRNAsInactivationInclude imatinibAmplificationCellTherapiesTyrosine kinasesVitroAddictionTransgenicFrequently amplifiedNeoplasticBreast cancerInduce
Gene23
- An oncogene is a special type of gene that is capable of transforming host cells and triggering carcinogenesis. (encyclopedia.com)
- oncogene A dominant mutant allele of a cellular gene (a proto-oncogene ) that disrupts cell growth and division and is capable of transforming a normal cell into a cancerous cell. (encyclopedia.com)
- The BCR-ABL oncogene is a fusion gene resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 (Philadelphia chromosome) first described in 1960 [14, 15]. (ukaachen.de)
- Similarly, the recognition through cytogenetics of gene amplification units in aggressive forms of certain tumors has helped to define another important type of somatic genetic change in neoplasia, again involving both known and previously unknown oncogenes. (nih.gov)
- An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Experiments performed by Dr. G. Steve Martin of the University of California, Berkeley demonstrated that SRC was indeed the gene of the virus that acted as an oncogene upon infection. (wikipedia.org)
- A proto-oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. (wikipedia.org)
- Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr-Abl gene found on the Philadelphia chromosome, a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22. (wikipedia.org)
- QIAGEN provides a broad range of assay technologies for oncogene and tumor suppressor gene research that enables analysis of gene expression and regulation, epigenetic modification, genotyping, and signal transduction pathway activation. (qiagen.com)
- The scientists mixed dying rat cells carrying cancer-causing oncogenes with mouse cells lacking p53, a tumor-suppressing gene. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- In contrast, however, the rat cells did not transform mouse cells carrying a healthy p53 gene, suggesting that the gene protected the cells from any acquired oncogenes. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- However, when mouse cells lacking the p53 gene and carrying the oncogenes were implanted into live mice, the cells became tumorigenic and thrived. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- Somatic mutations in a subset of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors convert the gene for the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha s) of Gs into a putative oncogene, termed gsp. (sciencemag.org)
- The mutant alpha i2 gene is a putative oncogene, referred to as gip2. (sciencemag.org)
- Altered function, in turn, leads to deregulated mitogenic survival and growth of tumors that frequently exhibit oncogene-activating genomic alterations such as gene amplification or gain-of-function point mutations. (hindawi.com)
- Specifically, the identified molecule is produced in a cancer-causing gene (SMYD3) as its role in healthy cells is to inhibit pro-cancer action of the oncogene. (innovations-report.com)
- DLX5, a gene crucial for embryonic development, promotes cancer by activating the expression of the known oncogene, MYC, according to researchers from Fox Chase Cancer Center. (redorbit.com)
- Previously the researchers found that a chromosomal inversion "" a genetic misalignment, where part of the chromosome containing the DLX5 gene gets flipped around during cell division "" cooperates with another known oncogene, AKT2, to drive cancer in mice. (redorbit.com)
- Viral Oncogenes that are homologues of erbA1 (THRA) Gene which encodes Thyroid Hormone Receptor alpha. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- Eventually this normal gene mutated into an abnormally functioning oncogene within the Rous sarcoma virus. (wikipedia.org)
- An oncogene is a modified gene , or a set of nucleotides that codes for a protein and is believed to cause cancer . (wikidoc.org)
- Human oncogenes should be expressed according to style for human gene symbols (see , Human Gene Nomenclature). (amamanualofstyle.com)
- Their articles thoroughly explicate the premises, principles, techniques, and approaches to oncogene targeting in various types of human cancer by using signal transduction inhibitors, immunological targeting methods, and antisense gene therapy. (springer.com)
Mutations8
- Oncogenes are responsible for encoding proteins that have the ability to kick-start cellular transformation either by activating mutations or by over expression. (news-medical.net)
- This strong selective pressure for the emergence of cells that carry de novo mutations in the respective oncogenes indicates the remarkable dependence of these neoplastic cells on specific oncogenes, because in principle, the cells could have become resistant by de novo mutations in other oncogenes. (aacrjournals.org)
- As a genetic disease, cancer is primarily caused by mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, which serve to control tissue homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Genetic mutations resulting in the activation of oncogenes increase the chance that a normal cell will develop into a tumor cell. (wikidoc.org)
- Mutations in microRNAs can lead to activation of oncogenes. (wikidoc.org)
- An axiom in cancer research is that the multistage process of tumor formation ( 1 ) is driven by progressive acquisition of activating mutations in dominant growth-enhancing genes (oncogenes [ HN2 ]) and inactivating mutations in recessive growth-inhibitory genes (tumor suppressor genes [ HN3 ]) ( 2 ). (sciencemag.org)
- Oncogenes can work in concert to produce cancer, and their action may be exacerbated by retroviruses, jumping genes, or inherited genetic mutations. (thefreedictionary.com)
- SAN DIEGO--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage precision oncology company designing and developing novel drugs to address treatment resistance, presented data from four studies at AACR 2019, highlighting potent activity of its kinase inhibitors, including repotrectinib against targeted oncogene drivers and many of their resistance mutations, and TPX-0022, a novel MET/CSF1R/SRC inhibitor. (businesswire.com)
Protein16
- The ras oncogene has a single defect in its nucleotide sequence, and, as a result, there is a change of a single amino acid in the protein for which it encodes. (britannica.com)
- Myeloproliferative leukaemia protein (MPL), also termed thrombopoietin receptor, is a growth factor receptor encoded by the MPL proto-oncogene. (ukaachen.de)
- Here we examine the hypothesis that an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) triggers the expression of proto-oncogenes, which in turn direct the characteristic increase in protein synthesis. (ahajournals.org)
- The resultant protein encoded by an oncogene is termed oncoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
- Proto-oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals, usually through their protein products. (wikipedia.org)
- Blood samples were obtained from all workers and analyzed for PAH-DNA adducts and protein products encoded by nine specific oncogenes. (cdc.gov)
- Overall, four samples were demonstrated to be positive for a specific oncogene protein product. (cdc.gov)
- The cases in which oncogene encoded protein products were identified came from one individual with high exposure and another with a medium level of exposure. (cdc.gov)
- The authors speculate that the two workers who tested positive for oncogene protein products and had high levels of PAH-DNA adducts have a high probability of developing malignant disease. (cdc.gov)
- Newswise - Cancer researchers have discovered surprising new functions for a protein called MYC, a powerful oncogene that is estimated to drive the development of almost half a million new cancer cases in the US every year. (newswise.com)
- The identified anti-oncogene is along non-coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA), ie a molecule that does not produce protein itself but is responsible for regulating the expression of other proteins. (innovations-report.com)
- After it was established that cancer-causing retroviruses carry oncogenes, the first important step was to define the protein product coded by each of them. (laskerfoundation.org)
- The protein product of this oncogene, which has a unique pattern of enzyme, drastically alters the biochemistry of the cell and diminishes its capacity for responding to regulatory signals from hormones. (laskerfoundation.org)
- To Dr. Erikson, first to discover the protein product of an oncogene and to provide a model for other investigators to employ in their search for the products of other oncogenes-a pioneer within a field of pioneers-this 1982 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award is given. (laskerfoundation.org)
- Our group has a long-standing interest in the c-myc oncogene and its product, the Myc protein. (ieo.it)
- It interacts with a wide variety of proteins, such as apoptosis antigen Fas, centromere protein C, and transcription factor erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1). (wikipedia.org)
Viral2
- So, in humans, there are two unique ways in which oncogenesis occurs, by true viral infection and by mutation of proto-oncogenes that already exist in human cells. (encyclopedia.com)
- These sequences, termed viral oncogenes ( v-onc ), originated from the normal cellular genome (B ishop and V armus 1982). (springer.com)
Cancers8
- The efficacy of this strategy requires novel methods, including integrative genomics and systems biology, to identify the state of oncogene addiction (i.e., the "Achilles heel") in specific cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
- Combination therapy may also be required to prevent the escape of cancers from a given state of oncogene addiction. (aacrjournals.org)
- We introduced the concept of "oncogene addiction" to emphasize this apparent dependency of some cancers on one or a few genes for the maintenance of the malignant phenotype ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The most convincing evidence for the concept of oncogene addiction comes from the increasing number of examples of the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies or drugs that target specific oncogenes in human cancers ( Table 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Oncogene addiction is a process in which cancers with genetic, epigenetic, or chromosomal irregularities become dependent on one or several genes for maintenance and survival. (wikipedia.org)
- They have identified what apparently is an oncogene associated with some colorectal cancers. (bio-medicine.org)
- But, based on their findings, published online in PLoS ONE , the scientists suggest E-cadherin can also function as an oncogene in some cancers. (scienceblog.com)
- Alexander Drilon, M.D., Clinical Director of the Early Drug Development Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and an investigator in the Phase 1 portion of the ongoing TRIDENT-1 study of repotrectinib, said, "As physicians adopt next-generation sequencing to identify genomic alterations in different cancers, there is an increased need for precision therapies that target specific oncogenes, such as TRK and ROS1. (businesswire.com)
Suppressors4
- It's components include some of the most important proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors. (scienceblogs.com)
- Whether due to changes in regulatory tumor suppressors/oncogenes or by acting as metabolic oncogenes themselves, enzymes involved in the complex network of metabolic pathways are being studied to understand their role and assess their utility as therapeutic targets. (hindawi.com)
- Over the past 10-20 years, increasing evidence has shown that the majority of oncogenes and tumor suppressors also play a role in the regulation of metabolism. (hindawi.com)
- There is much evidence to support the notion that loss of tumor suppressors or gain of oncogenes can lead to cancer. (wikidoc.org)
Example of an oncogene1
- A good example of an oncogene is CDK8: Cyclin-dependent kinase 8. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Genetic3
- Numerous studies using human cancer cell lines indicate that although these cells are aneuploid and carry several genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, they can also be highly dependent on the activity of a single oncogene for continued cell proliferation and survival ( Table 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Genetic differences in oncogenes and/or TSGs in tumor samples may correlate with biological phenotypes or clinical outcomes such as staging, therapy selection, metastasis, or survival rate. (qiagen.com)
- A new candidate oncogene for ovarian cancer emerges from a genome-wide scan of both common and rare genetic variants. (sciencemag.org)
Concept of oncogene addiction1
- This is the concept of oncogene addiction, the elucidation of which has led to substantial progress in therapeutic interventions. (sciencemag.org)
Tumors10
- In addition, the uncontrolled proliferation of stromal fibroblasts in breast tumors with desmoplasia are considered a direct consequence of the over expression of c-sis and similar oncogenes. (news-medical.net)
- With research establishing the fact that human c-sis oncogene is expressed in many types of tumors and carcinomas, efforts have been made to develop appropriate therapy that can stop the overexpression of the c-sis oncogene in pathological conditions. (news-medical.net)
- The theory of oncogenes was foreshadowed by the German biologist Theodor Boveri in his 1914 book Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren (Concerning the Origin of Malignant Tumors) in which he predicted the existence of oncogenes (Teilungsfoerdernde Chromosomen) that become amplified (im permanenten Übergewicht) during tumor development. (wikipedia.org)
- Examples include imatinib, which targets the bcr-abl oncogene in chronic myeloid leukemia and also targets the c-kit oncogene in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and gefitinib and erlotinib, which target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, and glioblastoma. (aacrjournals.org)
- A common point in all human tumors is that they produce an activation of oncogenes, genes that cause cancer and they also cause a loss of function of the protective genes, called anti-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. (innovations-report.com)
- Example of three colon tumors (up) whose growth was inhibited (down) a molecule of RNA (ribonucleic acid) which acts as identified anti-oncogene. (innovations-report.com)
- We believe this discovery will be the starting point to find many other oncogenes and anti-oncogenes that coexist in regions of our genome, that when their life together deteriorates, contribute to the development of human tumors," said Dr. Esteller. (innovations-report.com)
- To Dr. Hanafusa, whose studies combining scientific imagination with meticulous laboratory techniques showed the mechanism by which retroviruses take oncogenes from normal cells and thus acquire the ability to cause malignant tumors, this 1982 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award is given. (laskerfoundation.org)
- JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Researchers at Mayo Clinic in Florida have found that a molecule long believed to be a beneficial tumor suppressor - and thus a potential cancer drug target - appears to act as an oncogene in some lethal brain tumors . (scienceblog.com)
- E-cadherin expressed in glioblastoma functioned like an oncogene and it could be doing the same in many breast, ovarian, and other tumors found elsewhere in the body. (scienceblog.com)
Oncogenesis8
- Although this is a relatively common mechanism of oncogenesis in animals, very few oncogene-carrying viruses have been identified in man. (encyclopedia.com)
- Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) both play a role in oncogenesis via opposite mechanisms. (qiagen.com)
- The Human Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 key genes that promote oncogenesis. (qiagen.com)
- The Mouse Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 key genes that promote oncogenesis. (qiagen.com)
- The Rat Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes RT² Profiler PCR Array profiles the expression of 84 key genes that promote oncogenesis. (qiagen.com)
- The Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Antibody Sampler Kit offers an economical means of investigating proteins commonly involved in the biological pathways behind oncogenesis, tumor metastasis, and cancer pathology. (cellsignal.com)
- Oncogenesis is a multistep process leading to sequential alterations in several oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and microRNA genes (1,2). (cellsignal.com)
- In Oncogene-Directed Therapies, prominent investigators and clinicians, several of them pioneers in the field, summarize what is known about oncogenes and oncogenesis-in a balanced blend of fundamental science, basic research, experimental therapeutics, and early clinical experience-and describe how that knowledge can be used to treat the disease. (springer.com)
Pathways3
- used an integrative genomic approach to identify potential oncogenes by determining which signaling pathways downstream of oncogenic Ras contribute to cell transformation. (sciencemag.org)
- More recently, additional pathways have been characterized indicating that altered expression of oncogenes that subsequently limit the formation of cisplatin-DNA adducts and activate anti-apoptotic pathways may also contribute to the resistance phenotype. (nih.gov)
- However, because resistance mechanisms often emerge, explicating the pathways that connect therapeutic oncogene inactivation to the cell death machinery is critical to exploiting additional synthetic lethal opportunities. (sciencemag.org)
Genes are called3
- Hannon and Lowe, who were recently appointed as HHMI investigators at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, say that given the new findings, they agree with a proposal calling for cancer-causing microRNAs to be dubbed "oncogenic micro RNAs," or "oncomiRs," just as cancer-causing genes are called oncogenes. (innovations-report.com)
- These genes are called proto-oncogenes. (scienceblogs.com)
- Such genes are called oncogenes. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Avian Sarcoma Virus1
- Dr. Erikson isolated the first one-the enzyme coded by the avian sarcoma virus oncogene. (laskerfoundation.org)
Serum oncogene proteins2
- These results suggest the feasibility of using serum oncogene proteins along with DNA-carcinogen adducts as potential molecular epidemiological markers in exposed worker populations. (ilo.org)
- An inquiry into the carcinogenic predictive value of serum oncogene proteins was conducted for an occupational cohort with known exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (50328) and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (cdc.gov)
Expression9
- It turns out that by regulating how the ribosome translates different mRNAs, TOR signalling can upregulate the expression of a whole slew of proto-oncogenes. (scienceblogs.com)
- There is also normal expression of c-sis oncogene in human and bovine endothelial cells. (news-medical.net)
- There is also an enhanced expression of c-sis oncogenes in human meningiomas and neurinomas. (news-medical.net)
- Steroid modulation of the expression of growth factor and oncogenes in breast cancer. (news-medical.net)
- Three of the 18 individuals screened were found to have abnormal expression of the proteins of the ras and fes oncogenes. (ilo.org)
- Dependence on the continued expression of other oncogenes for the maintenance of the neoplastic state has also been seen in other tissues in murine models ( Table 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Further study of one insertion, somatically acquired in primary leukaemia tumour genomes, reveals that it nucleates formation of an active enhancer that drives expression of the LMO2 oncogene. (mit.edu)
- Upon cucurbitacin B treatment, upregulation of DNMT1 and obvious heavy methylation in the promoters of c-Myc, cyclin D1, and survivin, which consequently downregulated the expression of all these oncogenes, were observed. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Berberine suppressed the RET proto-oncogene expression by more than 90 % in medullary thyroid carcinomas cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
Molecular9
- This phenomenon, called "oncogene addiction," provides a rationale for molecular targeted therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
- aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Molecular Biology of Oncogenes. (waset.org)
- Also, high quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results of conceptual, constructive, empirical, experimental, or theoretical work in all areas of Molecular Biology of Oncogenes are cordially invited for presentation at the conference. (waset.org)
- ICMBO 2020 has teamed up with the Special Journal Issue on Molecular Biology of Oncogenes . (waset.org)
- ZNF703 is a common Luminal B breast cancer oncogene that differentially regulates luminal and basal progenerators in human mammary epithelium , (2011) EMBO Molecular Medicine , DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100122. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Oncogene-induced replication stress and its role in cancer development have been studied comprehensively, however its molecular basis is still unclear. (mdpi.com)
- Rather, these new agents have emerged directly from molecular analysis of various cancer-causing genes (oncogenes). (springer.com)
- Unique in perspective and comprehensive in its coverage, Oncogene-Directed Therapies not only integrates for all those engaged in-or simply interested in the cutting-edge of-"the war on cancer" the many remarkable recent achievements in our molecular understanding and treatment of these diseases, but also clarifies what directions future research might optimally take, as well as what significant accomplishments might lie ahead. (springer.com)
- Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts covers every aspect of oncogene research into the molecular basis of malignant transformations. (fsu.edu)
Sarcoma5
- Oncogenes were first discovered in retroviruses ( viruses containing the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and RNA , rather than DNA ) that were found to cause cancer in many animals (e.g., feline leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus). (encyclopedia.com)
- The first confirmed oncogene was discovered in 1970 and was termed SRC (pronounced "sarc" as it is short for sarcoma). (wikipedia.org)
- Sarcoma was in fact first discovered as an oncogene in a chicken retrovirus . (wikipedia.org)
- Experiments performed by Dr. G. Steve Martin of the University of California, Berkeley demonstrated that the sarcoma was indeed the oncogene of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
- Jain and colleagues ( 5 ) engineered a conditional transgenic mouse to overexpress the myc oncogene [ HN8 ], which induced formation of highly malignant osteogenic sarcoma. (sciencemag.org)
Researchers5
- With research proving the role of c-sis oncogene in vascularization processes, some researchers also suggest that c-sis oncogene plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers are attempting to isolate anti-oncogenes that suppress tumours and may be used in the treatment of cancer. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
- Using clues from prior studies, the researchers reasoned that regulatory features and genome organization changes may contribute to the cancer-promoting impact of oncogene-containing DNA amplifications. (genomeweb.com)
- By isolating certain genes in a cancer cell, called oncogenes, researchers hope to be able to affect the lifespan and proliferation of certain cancer cells. (sciencephoto.com)
- Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts will also be valuable to researchers in immunology, virology, bacteriology, genetics, and other related fields. (fsu.edu)
Genomic1
- Here, we review the current understanding of replication regulation, its potential disruption and how oncogenes perturb the replication and induce DNA damage leading to genomic instability in cancer. (mdpi.com)
Anti-oncogenes1
- Anti-oncogenes are genes that may turn off cancer cells, and transform them back to normal cells. (sciencephoto.com)
Multiple oncogenes2
- Usually multiple oncogenes, along with mutated apoptotic or tumor suppressor genes will all act in concert to cause cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Cancer cells acquire abnormalities in multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (A, B, C, and D). Inactivation of a single critical oncogene (A) can induce cancer cells to differentiate into cells with a normal phenotype or to undergo apoptosis. (sciencemag.org)
Retroviral oncogenes2
- Cellular homologs (c -one ) of 20 different retroviral oncogenes have now been identified in a variety of species throughout the vertebrate phylum (Table 1) (S tehelin et al. (springer.com)
- Bishop and Varmus were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1989 for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes. (wikipedia.org)
Differentiation5
- Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
- The collected data explores the biological, medical, and chemical implications and the latest thinking on the role of proto-oncogenes and their relationship to cell development and deterioration in amphibians, the role of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and the role of proto-oncogenes in differentiation and development. (wiley.com)
- This interaction varies among proliferation and differentiation states and can be affected by multiple factors, including oncogenes. (cam.ac.uk)
- v-erbA Oncogenes potentiate the transforming ability of other Oncogenes such as v-erbB by inhibiting spontaneous differentiation of already transformed Cells . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are important not only for cell proliferation but also for cell fate determination [ HN5 ] (differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis), their effects often depending on the type of cell in which they are expressed. (sciencemag.org)
Encodes1
- The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of extracellular signalling molecules . (wikipedia.org)
Therapeutic4
- Forgotten since classic animal studies in the 1980s, the role of PHGDH as a potential therapeutic target and putative metabolic oncogene has recently reemerged following publication of two prominent papers near-simultaneously in 2011. (hindawi.com)
- However, MYC is an especially complex oncogene that has resisted therapeutic manipulation to date. (eurekalert.org)
- Prive GG, Melnick A. Specific peptides for the therapeutic targeting of oncogenes. (humpath.com)
- Cancer revoked: oncogenes as therapeutic targets. (humpath.com)
Mechanisms1
- Oncogenes and Growth Factory Abstracts enables scientists to keep abreast of both experimental and clinical literature focusing on mechanisms of oncogenes and growth factors. (fsu.edu)
Malignant9
- Alitalo K, Schwab M, Lin CL, Varmus HE, Bishop JM (1983) Homogenously staining chromosomal regions contain amplified copies of an abundantly expressed cellular oncogene (c -myc ) in malignant neuroendocrine cells from a human colon carcinoma. (springer.com)
- Translocation, point mutation, and amplification are some means by which proto-oncogenes are converted to malignant oncogenes. (news-medical.net)
- Other non-malignant diseases linked to this oncogene are giant cell arteritis, bronchiolitis obliterans, as well as different fibrotic events. (news-medical.net)
- Here, we propose that germline polymorphisms can function as oncogenic modifiers, or co-oncogenes, and these determine what complementary subsequent somatic events are required for full malignant transformation. (diva-portal.org)
- The theory of oncogenes was foreshadowed by the German biologist Theodor Boveri in his 1914 book Zur Frage der Entstehung Maligner Tumoren ('The Origin of Malignant Tumours'), Gustav Fisher, Jena, 1914. (wikipedia.org)
- A tantalizing question still under debate is whether an oncogene that is crucial for the initial development of a specific tumor is required for maintaining the malignant phenotype of that tumor. (sciencemag.org)
- These findings are consistent with other data showing that cancer cells are often "addicted to" (that is, physiologically dependent on) the continued activity of specific activated or overexpressed oncogenes for maintenance of their malignant phenotype. (sciencemag.org)
- For example, Felsher and Bishop ( 6 ) showed that transgenic mice expressing the myc oncogene in hematopoietic cells developed malignant T cell leukemias and acute myeloid leukemias. (sciencemag.org)
- Conversion of a protooncogene to an oncogene by amplification, translocation, or point mutation can lead to unrestrained cellular proliferation and malignant change. (thefreedictionary.com)
Proliferation6
- As a direct consequence of such changes, activated oncogenes may lead to abnormal cell proliferation and hence tumor development. (news-medical.net)
- Once such therapy for abnormal proliferation of the c-sis oncogene is the triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFO). (news-medical.net)
- Most oncogenes began as proto-oncogenes: normal genes involved in cell growth and proliferation or inhibition of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
- NEW YORK - Non-coding regulatory sequences can get co-amplified with extrachromosomal oncogenes in cancer, new research suggests, producing circularized structures with altered connections that may be selected to boost the proliferation of these tumor cells. (genomeweb.com)
- Oncogenes are genes in a cancer cell that influence the mutation, amplification, and proliferation of the cell. (sciencephoto.com)
- If a cell that usually does not produce growth factors suddenly starts to do so (because it developed an oncogene), it will thereby induce its own uncontrolled proliferation ( autocrine loop ), as well as the proliferation of neighboring cells. (wikidoc.org)
Genetics3
- In the same year, a marvelous synergistic effort of biochemistry and virus genetics led to the first physical identification of an oncogene, reported in the classic paper by Duesberg and Vogt in PNAS ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- Collectively, our results uncover an additional layer of regulatory complexity in canonical driver events, which may provide avenues for the targeted disruption of key oncogenes that have been considered undruggable to date," senior and co-corresponding author Peter Scacheri, a researcher in the department of genetics and genome sciences at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, and his co-authors wrote. (genomeweb.com)
- A study coordinated by Manel Esteller, Director of the program of epigenetics and cancer biology at the Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Professor of genetics at the University of Barcelona and ICREA researcher, has discovered the existence of an antitumor molecule that originates within an oncogene. (innovations-report.com)
Human9
- Studies of humans led to the discovery of related genes called proto-oncogenes that exist naturally in the human genome. (encyclopedia.com)
- More than 70 human oncogenes have been identified. (britannica.com)
- For instance, the c-sis oncogene (or proto-oncogene to be more precise) is actively transcribed in the highly invasive and proliferative cytotrophoblastic shell during the first trimester of pregnancy in the human placenta. (news-medical.net)
- Studies have demonstrated that human c-sis proto-oncogene is over expressed in a large number of human tumor cells, establishing an autocrine growth-promoting circuit. (news-medical.net)
- These studies have also provided evidence for many previously unidentified human oncogenes. (nih.gov)
- Since the 1970s, dozens of oncogenes have been identified in human cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Dr. Robert Weinberg is credited with discovering the first identified human oncogene in a human bladder cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- The Human Oncogene Panel qBiomarker Somatic Mutation PCR Array is a translational research tool that allows rapid, comprehensive, and accurate profiling of the somatic mutation status of 36 key. (qiagen.com)
- The Bayreuth biochemist Dr. Claus-D. Kuhn and his research team have deciphered how the important human oncogene CDK8 is activated in cells of healthy individuals. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Search2
- Your search returned 1 Cbl proto-oncogene C ELISA ELISA Kit across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)
- Your search returned 468 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Antibodies across 39 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Oncogenic1
- Certain oncogenes of vertebrates are derived from viruses (see oncogenic ). (encyclopedia.com)
Hematopoietic cells1
- Thus, in a transgenic mouse model, switching on the c-myc oncogene in the hematopoietic cells led to the development of T-cell and myeloid leukemias. (aacrjournals.org)
Viruses2
- Oncogenes were initially discovered as cancer-causing viruses. (news-medical.net)
- Oncogenes were discovered and characterized in viruses and animal experimental systems. (amamanualofstyle.com)
MicroRNAs2
- Are microRNAs oncogenes? (innovations-report.com)
- MicroRNAs as oncogenes . (humpath.com)
Inactivation1
- Despite this complexity, their growth and survival can often be impaired by the inactivation of a single oncogene. (aacrjournals.org)
Include imatinib1
- Examples of inhibitors that have been used to block oncogenes and disrupt oncogene addiction include imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, and ponatinib, among others. (wikipedia.org)
Amplification1
- As they reported online today in Cell , Scacheri and his colleagues started with a computational strategy to find co-amplification of oncogene-regulatory sequence in glioblastoma (GBM), using targeted sequencing, CRISPR-based screening, and other methods to take a closer look at EGFR-containing amplifications. (genomeweb.com)
Cell17
- Proto-oncogenes typically encode proteins involved in positive control of the cell division cycle, such as growth factor receptors, signal transduction proteins, and transcription factors. (encyclopedia.com)
- The original and unmutated (wild-type) allele of a certain oncogene is referred to as the proto-oncogene, which has the propensity to promote cell growth and cell division. (news-medical.net)
- The activation of the c-sis proto-oncogene (which has a striking homology to platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF]) is linked to the autocrine stimulation of cell growth in the breasts. (news-medical.net)
- Cell calcium, oncogenes, and hypertrophy. (ahajournals.org)
- Oncogenes play an important role in the regulation or synthesis of proteins linked to tumorigenic cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
- Proto-oncogenes promote normal cell growth. (qiagen.com)
- Oncogenes from a dying cell can be transferred to a nearby cell via phagocytosis, a process through which one cell engulfs another. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- If the recipient cell is already genetically unstable, the newly acquired oncogenes can lead to tumor formation. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- The oncogenes were only passed from one generation to the next if they were beneficial to the life of the cell. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- If normal genes promoting cellular growth, through mutation, are up-regulated, (gain of function mutation) they will predispose the cell to cancer and are thus termed oncogenes. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the 102 tumour cell genomes we analyse, small insertions are frequently observed in enhancer DNA sequences near known oncogenes. (mit.edu)
- Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) and Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) have now shown that this process is regulated by the MYC oncogene. (dkfz.de)
- In this study, we explore the influence of cucurbitacin B fromon the methylation status at the promoter of oncogenes c-Myc, cyclin D1, and survivin in breast cancer cell lines. (greenmedinfo.com)
- This proto-oncogene may play a role in the regulation of embryonic development and cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
- Cancer cell dependence on activated oncogenes is therapeutically targeted, but acquired resistance is virtually unavoidable. (jci.org)
- This is the first time in over five years that scientists have discovered a new breast cancer ' oncogene ' - cancer-causing genes that when overactive upset the normal checks and balances that control when and how often a cell divides. (cancerresearchuk.org)
- Thus, overexpression of a given oncogene can enhance growth in one cell type but inhibit growth or induce apoptosis [ HN6 ] in another ( 2 - 4 ). (sciencemag.org)
Therapies1
- Our study provides the rationale for targeting the NRP1-dependent upregulation of tyrosine kinases, which are responsible for loss of responsiveness to oncogene-targeted therapies. (jci.org)
Tyrosine kinases1
- Examples of proto-oncogenes include growth factors, tyrosine kinases, regulatory GTPases, and transcription factors. (qiagen.com)
Vitro3
- Furthermore, the identification of oncogenes involved in cisplatin resistance has already led to in vitro approaches which successfully inactivated these genes using ribozymes or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, thus restoring cisplatin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
- Holmgren and colleagues also report that in vitro , the acquired oncogenes were lost from the cells after a few generations. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
- In vitro , the oncogenes conferred no advantage and were discarded. (genomenewsnetwork.org)
Addiction3
- There are, however, several examples of a true escape from a given state of oncogene addiction. (aacrjournals.org)
- A prime example of a cancer that exhibits oncogene addiction is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), which is driven by a mutant oncogene known as the Philadelphia chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
- Oncogene addiction can be treated by using enzyme inhibitor therapy. (wikipedia.org)
Transgenic1
- It could be argued that all of these results are peculiar to transgenic mice with leukemia or cancer, because in these models the engineered oncogene plays an unusually potent role in the neoplastic process. (sciencemag.org)
Frequently amplified1
- Colon Cancer Oncogene Discovered ( CDK8 is frequently amplified in these. (bio-medicine.org)
Neoplastic1
- Dr. Bishop extended his studies by showing that this was only the first of a number of distinct oncogenes expressed at inappropriate levels in neoplastic tissues. (laskerfoundation.org)
Breast cancer2
- Thus, the authors conclude that IKBKE is a breast cancer oncogene that may link PI3K signaling to activation of the NF-κB pathway. (sciencemag.org)
- Such events were not limited to GBM, the team reported, noting that similar oncogene co-amplifications appeared to occur in breast cancer, medulloblastoma, and other cancer types based on additional experiments and analyses. (genomeweb.com)
Induce1
- To induce diapause or to put embryonic stem cells into a dormant state, it is therefore sufficient to deactivate the MYC oncogene, Trumpp summarizes. (dkfz.de)