Olfactory nerve. Medical search

The 1st cranial nerve. The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB.

Traumatic injuries to the OLFACTORY NERVE. It may result in various olfactory dysfunction including a complete loss of smell.

Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.

Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31)

Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. These neurons send their DENDRITES to the surface of the epithelium with the odorant receptors residing in the apical non-motile cilia. Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN.

The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.

A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. It is a modulator of the olfactory SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY.

That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory nerve endings for SMELL, located at the dome of each NASAL CAVITY. The yellow-brownish olfactory epithelium consists of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; brush cells; STEM CELLS; and the associated olfactory glands.

The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. It includes the OLFACTORY NERVE; OLFACTORY BULB; OLFACTORY TRACT; OLFACTORY TUBERCLE; ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE; and OLFACTORY CORTEX.

Loss of or impaired ability to smell. This may be caused by OLFACTORY NERVE DISEASES; PARANASAL SINUS DISEASES; viral RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; SMOKING; and other conditions.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.

Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

The performance of surgical procedures with the aid of a microscope.

Cell adhesion molecule involved in a diverse range of contact-mediated interactions among neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and myotubes. It is widely but transiently expressed in many tissues early in embryogenesis. Four main isoforms exist, including CD56; (ANTIGENS, CD56); but there are many other variants resulting from alternative splicing and post-translational modifications. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, pp115-119)

A species of the family Ranidae (true frogs). The only anuran properly referred to by the common name "bullfrog", it is the largest native anuran in North America.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The directed transport of ORGANELLES and molecules along nerve cell AXONS. Transport can be anterograde (from the cell body) or retrograde (toward the cell body). (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, pG3)

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.

The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.

Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.

A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

Surgical incision of the trachea.

Development of the chick olfactory nerve. (1/262)

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced and secreted by neurons dispersed throughout the septal-preoptic and anterior hypothalamic areas in adult birds and mammals. These neurons, essential for a functional brain-pituitary-gonadal axis, differentiate in the olfactory placode, the superior aspect of which forms the olfactory epithelium. To reach their final placement within the brain, GnRH neurons migrate out of the epithelium and along the olfactory nerve to the CNS. This nerve is essential for the entrance of GnRH neurons into the CNS. Due to the importance of the nerve for the proper migration of these neurons, we have used immunocytochemistry, DiI labeling and 1 microm serial plastic-embedded sections to characterize the nerve's earliest development in the embryonic chick (stages 17-21). Initially (stage 17) the zone between the placode and prosencephalon is a cellular mass contiguous with the placode. This cluster, known as epithelioid cells, is positive for some but not all neuronal markers studied. The epithelium itself is negative for all neuronal and glial markers at this early stage. By stage 18, the first neurites emerge from the epithelium; this was confirmed at stage 19 by examination of serial 1 microm plastic sections. There is sequential acquisition of immunoreactivity to neuronal markers from stage 18 to 21. The glial component of the nerve appears at stage 21. Axons originating from epithelium, extend to the border of the CNS as confirmed by DiI labeling at stage 21. Small fascicles have entered the CNS at this stage. As previously reported, GnRH neurons begin their migration between stages 20-21 and have also arrived at the border of the brain at stage 21. Despite the penetration of neurites from the olfactory nerve into the CNS, GnRH neurons pause at the nerve-brain junction until stage 29 (2 1/2 days later) before entering the brain. Subsequent studies will examine the nature of the impediment to continued GnRH neuronal migration. (+info)

Single-channel kinetics of the rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (2/262)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels are nonselective cation channels activated by intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP. It is not known how the binding of agonists opens the channel, or how the presumed four binding sites, one on each subunit, interact to generate cooperativity. We expressed the rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha subunit in Xenopus oocytes and recorded the single-channel currents. The channel had a single conductance state, and flickers at -60 mV showed the same power spectrum for cAMP and cGMP. At steady state, the distribution patterns of open and closed times were relatively simple, containing one or two exponential components. The conductance properties and the dwell-time distributions were adequately described by models that invoke only one or two binding events to open the channel, followed by an additional binding event that prolongs the openings and helps to explain apparent cooperativity. In a comparison between cAMP and cGMP, we find that cGMP has clearly higher binding affinity than cAMP, but only modestly higher probability of inducing the conformational transition that opens the channel. (+info)

Effects of olfactory stimuli on urge reduction in smokers. (3/262)

This study examined the possibility that exposure to olfactory stimuli can reduce self-reported urge to smoke. After an initial assessment of self-reported urge, nicotine-deprived smokers evaluated the pleasantness of a series of 8 odors. Facial expressions during odor presentations were coded with P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen's (1978a) Facial Action Coding System. After odor administration, participants were exposed to smoking cues. Next, participants were administered their most pleasant, least pleasant, or a control odor (water) and reported their urge to smoke. Results indicated that sniffing either a pleasant or unpleasant odor reduced reported urge to smoke relative to the control odor. Reported pleasantness of the odors did not differentially affect urge reduction. Odors eliciting negative-affect-related expressions, however, were less effective than odors that did not elicit negative-affect-related expressions in reducing reported urge. Results of this preliminary investigation provide support for the consideration of odor stimuli as an approach to craving reduction. (+info)

Dopamine depresses synaptic inputs into the olfactory bulb. (4/262)

Both observations in humans with disorders of dopaminergic transmission and molecular studies point to an important role for dopamine in olfaction. In this study we found that dopamine receptor activation in the olfactory bulb causes a significant depression of synaptic transmission at the first relay between olfactory receptor neurons and mitral cells. This depression was found to be caused by activation of the D2 subtype of dopamine receptor and was reversible by a specific D2 receptor antagonist. A change in paired-pulse modulation during the depression suggests a presynaptic locus of action. The depression was found to occur independent of synaptic activity. These results provide the first evidence for dopaminergic control of inputs to the main olfactory bulb. The magnitude and locus of dopamine's modulatory capabilities in the bulb suggest important roles for dopamine in odorant processing. (+info)

Long-term effects on the olfactory system of exposure to hydrogen sulphide. (5/262)

OBJECTIVE: To study chronic effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on cranial nerve I (nervi olfactorii), which have been only minimally described. METHODS: Chemosensations (smell and taste) were evaluated in eight men who complained of continuing dysfunction 2-3 years after the start of occupational exposure to H2S. Various bilateral (both nostrils) and unilateral (one nostril at a time) odour threshold tests with standard odorants as well as the Chicago smell test, a three odour detection and identification test and the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test, a series of 40 scratch and sniff odour identification tests were administered. RESULTS: Six of the eight patients showed deficits of various degrees. Two had normal scores on objective tests, but thought that they continued to have problems. H2S apparently can cause continuing, sometimes unrecognised olfactory deficits. CONCLUSION: Further exploration into the extent of such problems among workers exposed to H2S is warranted. (+info)

Sites of plasticity in the neural circuit mediating tentacle withdrawal in the snail Helix aspersa: implications for behavioral change and learning kinetics. (6/262)

The tentacle withdrawal reflex of the snail Helix aspersa exhibits a complex combination of habituation and sensitization consistent with the dual-process theory of plasticity. Habituation, sensitization, or a combination of both were elicited by varying stimulation parameters and lesion condition. Analysis of response plasticity shows that the late phase of the response is selectively enhanced by sensitization, whereas all phases are decreased by habituation. Previous data have shown that tentacle withdrawal is mediated conjointly by parallel monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways. The former mediates the early phase, whereas the latter mediates the late phase of the response. Plastic loci were identified by stimulating and recording at different points within the neural circuit, in combination with selective lesions. Results indicate that depression occurs at an upstream locus, before circuit divergence, and is therefore expressed in all pathways, whereas facilitation requires downstream facilitatory neurons and is selectively expressed in polysynaptic pathways. Differential expression of plasticity between pathways helps explain the behavioral manifestation of depression and facilitation. A simple mathematical model is used to show how serial positioning of depression and facilitation can explain the kinetics of dual-process learning. These results illustrate how the position of cellular plasticity in the network affects behavioral change and how forms of plasticity can interact to determine the kinetics of the net changes. (+info)

Relationships between odor-elicited oscillations in the salamander olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. (7/262)

Oscillations in neuronal population activity, or the synchronous neuronal spiking that underlies them, are thought to play a functional role in sensory processing in the CNS. In the olfactory system, stimulus-induced oscillations are observed both in central processing areas and in the peripheral receptor epithelium. To examine the relationship between these peripheral and central oscillations, we recorded local field potentials simultaneously from the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum). Stimulus-induced oscillations recorded at these two sites were matched in frequency and slowed concurrently over the time course of the response, suggesting that the oscillations share a common source or are modulated together. Both the power and duration of oscillations increased over a range of amyl acetate concentrations from 2.5 x 10(-2) to 1 x 10(-1) dilution of saturated vapor, but peak frequency was not affected. The frequency of the oscillation did vary with different odorant compounds in both olfactory epithelium and bulb (OE and OB): amyl acetate, ethyl fenchol and d-carvone elicited oscillations of significantly different frequencies, and there was no difference in OE and OB oscillation frequencies. No change in the power or frequency of OE oscillations was observed after sectioning the olfactory nerve, indicating that the OE oscillations have a peripheral source. Finally, application of 1.0 and 10 microM tetrodotoxin to the epithelium blocked OE oscillations in a dose-dependent and reversible manner, suggesting that peripheral olfactory oscillations are related to receptor neuron spiking. (+info)

Transplantation of human olfactory ensheathing cells elicits remyelination of demyelinated rat spinal cord. (8/262)

Human olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were prepared from adult human olfactory nerves, which were removed during surgery for frontal base tumors, and were transplanted into the demyelinated spinal cord of immunosuppressed adult rats. Extensive remyelination was observed in the lesion site: In situ hybridization using a human DNA probe (COT-1) indicated a similar number of COT-1-positive cells and OEC nuclei within the repaired lesion. The myelination was of a peripheral type with large nuclei and cytoplasmic regions surrounding the axons, characteristic of Schwann cell and OEC remyelination. These results provide evidence that adult human OECs are able to produce Schwann cell-like myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons in the adult mammalian CNS in vivo. (+info)

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The particles can take a more dangerous lesser know path: they can travel through the olfactory nerves directly to brain. Once ... Doctors even use early breakdowns in the olfactory system - through which all of these harmful processes occur - as an ...

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It also reaches the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve. Now we want to know how it causes clotting in the micro- ... It also reaches the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve. Now we want to know how it causes clotting in the micro- ... It also reaches the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve. Now we want to know how it causes clotting in the micro- ...

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The fact that it goes past the olfactory nerve so you are smelling it and not tasting it -Microscopic molecules in the saline ...

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Some pollution particles, such as ultrafine magnetite, can enter the body through the olfactory nerve and the gut, and, due to ...

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... the nose and its olfactory nerves and the ear with its acoustic nerves, and that if all these nerves were connected at their ... But the moment we become aware of what I have already described, we realize also that in man the sensory nerves which run back ... The cerebrum evolves from a progressive metamorphosis of the sensory nerve fibres that run back to the cranial cavity. This ... We realize that if we had been endowed only with sense organs, with the eye and its optic nerves, ...

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Sensory neuron signaling to the brain: properties of transmitter release from the olfactory nerve terminals. Journal of ...

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Olfactory Nerve -- blood supply. Lymphatic Vessels -- blood supply. Rabbits -- physiology. Key, Axel, 1832-1901.. ... Section through the olfactory tissue of a rabbit, with blood vessels in red, lymph ducts in blue✖[remove]1 ... 1. Section through the olfactory tissue of a rabbit, with blood vessels in red, lymph ducts in blue ... Section through the olfactory tissue of a rabbit, with blood vessels in red, lymph ducts in blue ✖Remove constraint Titles: ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.isMemberOfCollection%5D%5B%5D=DREPIHM&f%5Bdrep2.rightsFacet%5D%5B%5D=Copyright+may+apply&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Lymphatic+Vessels+--+blood+supply&f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Key%2C+Axel%2C+1832-1901.&f%5Bdrep2.titleMain%5D%5B%5D=Section+through+the+olfactory+tissue+of+a+rabbit%2C+with+blood+vessels+in+red%2C+lymph+ducts+in+blue&sort=drep3.titleSortForm+asc

The development of the olfactory nerve in man. (1941) J Comp. Neurol. 199-217. ... von Kupffer C. The development of the cranial nerves of vertebrates. (1891) Translated by Oliver S. Strong J Comp. Neurol. 1: ... von Kupffer C. The development of the cranial nerves of vertebrates. (1891) Translated by Oliver S. Strong J Comp. Neurol. 1: ... The spinal accessory nerve in human embryos. (1938) J Comp. Neurol. 68(2): 243-266. ...

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=Journal_of_Comparative_Neurology&diff=419041&oldid=412640

Role of nerve growth factor in the olfactory system. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 58: 197-203. PMD: 12203698. ... Fiore M, Chaldakov GN, Aloe L. Nerve growth factor as a signalling molecule for nerve cells and also for the neuroendocrine- ... Nerve growth factor: structure, function and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer`s disease. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol ... Tuveri MA, Triaca V, Aloe L. The nerve growth factor induces cutaneous ulcer healing in non-responder transplanted skin. Ann ...

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They do this with nerve cells located in their olfactory hairs on antennae! ...

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Our preventive lice spray contains essential oils that attack a louses olfactory nerves. The preventive spray will smell ...

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This puppy already caused enough disruptions to my rest, olfactory nerves, and sanity. ...

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In this slice, there is a continuity between the olfactory nerve and the olfactory epithelium. Indeed, fibers can be seen ... that nurture the growing olfactory axons. The olfactory nerve makes contact at various points with the brain surface where ... Figure 18 is an intermediate sagittal slice through a part of the telencephalon where presumptive olfactory nerve fibers are ... Some of the cells outside the olfactory NEP are no doubt the AOB output neurons. The curved arrows exiting the ganglionic ...

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When inhaled, they work on the brain and nervous system through stimulation of the olfactory nerves ...

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to perceive the odor or scent of through the nose by means of the olfactory nerves; inhale the odor of: to perceive, detect, or ...

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... smell seeps into each narrative and wafts out in pleasant and unpleas-ant ways to attack the olfactory nerves. From the very ...

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The variety of cells which represent the layer across the olfactory nerve is barely 4 to five cells thick. Therefore, it is ... important oils effectively move via the blood mind barrier within the space surrounding the olfactory nerve. A real blood-brain ... Your sense of scent, which is a part of your olfactory system, is likely one of the strongest channels into the physique. In ... Inhalation barely makes use of any oil and it goes instantly and effectively into the olfactory channel. Topical utility ...

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Stimulating the olfactory nerve inside your nose activates the limbic system of the brain which is associated with mood. ... Thus, lets ride our way out of a summer slump with a feng shui quick fix of olfactory sensations. When you smell an essential ... Olfactory sensations are powerful, immediate and fleeting. These sensations are deeply imbedded in our memory banks, waiting to ... Another, often underestimated mood make-over is the qi of our olfactory experience. Sniffing something pleasant is a faster way ...

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The combination of these herbal remedies produce an aroma that is distinct and pleasing to the olfactory nerves. ...

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Olfactory Cortex as a Model for Telencephalic Processing olfactory lobe olfactory nerve ...

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2D model of olfactory bulb gamma oscillations (Li and Cleland 2017). A two-layer biophysical olfactory bulb model of ... 2D model of olfactory bulb gamma oscillations (Li and Cleland 2017). A two-layer biophysical olfactory bulb model of ... 2D model of olfactory bulb gamma oscillations (Li and Cleland 2017). A two-layer biophysical olfactory bulb model of ... 2D model of olfactory bulb gamma oscillations (Li and Cleland 2017). A two-layer biophysical olfactory bulb model of ...

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Abnormal Smells A severe dental infection may lead to inflammation of your olfactory nerve, which is a cranial nerve ... When the olfactory nerve becomes inflamed or damaged as a result of infection or otherwise, your sense of smell may be impaired ... This perceptual disorder arises when there is an abnormally increased signal at any point between the olfactory receptors and ... Hyperosmia is an increased olfactory acuity (heightened sense of smell), usually caused by a lower threshold for odor. ...

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... infected when water containing Naegleria fowleri enters the nose and the ameba migrates to the brain along the olfactory nerve ...

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... which have a direct link to the limbic system by way of the olfactory nerve. The limbic system is part of the brain that ...

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We associate scents with people, places and specific memories because our olfactory nerves connect directly with our brains, ...

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When stimulated by oder molecules, this lining of nerve cells triggers electrical impulses to the olfactory bulb in the brain. ... When fragrance is inhaled, the older molecules travel of the nose where theyre trapped by olfactory membranes that are well ...

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Inhaling a scent leads to a stimulation of the Olfactory Nerve which sends signals to the specific area of our brain which is ...

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Physiologically, they trigger the olfactory nerve, which is connected to our "emotional brain" and limbic system, and that ...

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The olfactory nerves consist of a collection of many sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb , passing through the many openings of the cribriform plate , a sieve -like structure of the ethmoid bone . (wikipedia.org)
These stimulants are transduced into electrical activity in the olfactory neurons, which then transmit these impulses to the olfactory bulb and from there to the rest of the central nervous system via the olfactory tract . (wikipedia.org)
Any of numerous olfactory filaments in the olfactory portion of the nasal mucosa that enter the olfactory bulb, where they terminate in synaptic contact with mitral cells, tufted cells, and granule cells. (dictionary.com)
The small, unmyelinated axons of the olfactory receptor cells form the fine fibers of the first cranial nerve and travel centrally toward the ipsilateral olfactory bulb to make contact with the second-order neurons. (medscape.com)
The olfactory bulb lies inferior to the basal frontal lobe. (medscape.com)
The olfactory bulb is a highly organized structure composed of several distinct layers and synaptic specializations. (medscape.com)
Mitral cells are second-order neurons contacted by the olfactory nerve fibers at the glomerular layer of the bulb. (medscape.com)
It is formed by the axons of Olfactory receptor neurons which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the Olfactory bulb . (jove.com)
Ma TF, Zhao XL, Cai L, Zhang N, Ren SQ, Ji F, Tian T, Lu W. Regulation of spike timing-dependent plasticity of olfactory inputs in mitral cells in the rat olfactory bulb. (harvard.edu)
Kinoshita Y, Shiga H, Washiyama K, Ogawa D, Amano R, Ito M, Tsukatani T, Furukawa M, Miwa T. Thallium transport and the evaluation of olfactory nerve connectivity between the nasal cavity and olfactory bulb. (harvard.edu)
The glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb contains a substantial population of dopaminergic neurons. (nih.gov)
Binding of the D1 selective ligand [3H]SCH23390 was slightly above background and was distributed through all layers of the bulb except the olfactory nerve layer. (nih.gov)
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) convey sensory information directly to the CNS via conventional glutamatergic synaptic contacts in olfactory bulb glomeruli. (jneurosci.org)
To better understand the process by which information contained in the odorant-evoked firing of ORNs is transmitted to the brain, we examined the properties of glutamate release from olfactory nerve (ON) terminals in slices of the rat olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
Activity in ORNs is conveyed directly to the brain via olfactory nerve (ON) input to the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
Here, ON terminals make excitatory glutamatergic synapses onto the dendrites of principal mitral and tufted (M/T) cells and local interneurons, periglomerular (PG) cells, in olfactory bulb glomeruli. (jneurosci.org)
Regardless of the ultimate coding strategies used for olfaction, the properties of synaptic transmission between ORNs and their postsynaptic targets in the olfactory bulb will constrain how olfactory stimuli are encoded in the brain. (jneurosci.org)
Do the synapses of ORNs in the olfactory bulb also possess features that enable information about sensory stimuli to be passed efficiently from receptor neurons to the CNS? (jneurosci.org)
To better understand how olfactory information is transmitted to the brain, we examined the intrinsic features of synaptic transmission between ORNs and their synaptic targets in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
Binding levels of [3H]Ro5-4864, a ligand selective for peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, are substantially higher in homogenates of the olfactory bulb than in the rest of the brain. (nih.gov)
Their presence in the nasal epithelium and in the olfactory bulb can be demonstrated in several different mammalian species. (nih.gov)
In the brain a high density of [3H]Ro5-4864 binding sites occurs in the nerve fiber and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb. (nih.gov)
Intranasal irrigation with 5% ZnSO4 results in a 50% reduction of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the olfactory bulb without affecting the density of central-type benzodiazepine receptors. (nih.gov)
Thus, [3H]Ro5-4864 binding sites in the olfactory bulb appear in large part to be localized to olfactory nerves which originate in the nasal epithelium. (nih.gov)
Just below your brain, they all pass into the olfactory bulb , where the signals from each axon come together and are sent on to the brain via the olfactory tract . (study.com)
Bacteria were detected in the submucosa of the olfactory epithelium, along olfactory nerves in the cribriform plate, at the olfactory bulb and subsequently at the meninges and subarachnoid space. (diva-portal.org)
This communication deals primarily with the development of the olfactory nerve and its relation to the development of the olfactory bulb. (edu.au)
This also means that those chemical compounds have a direct connection to the brain through the olfactory bulb. (motherjai.com)
Every smell we experience affects all of the systems in the body through the large olfactory bulb and it's close communication with the brain and gut. (motherjai.com)
The axons of the olfactory receptor cells continue as small nerve fascicles (olfactory fila), which in gross anatomy is referred to as the olfactory nerve , passing through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and reach the olfactory bulb of the brain, where the second-order neurons are located. (anatomynext.com)
The axons of the second-order cells form the olfactory tract that serves as a connection between the olfactory bulb and the cerebral hemispheres. (anatomynext.com)
unilateral loss is of more concern and could suggest a structural lesion affecting the olfactory bulb or tract or simply due to a blocked nasal passage or deviated septum. (torontonotes.ca)
When a person inhales fragrant molecules, olfactory receptors within the nasal passage send the impulses to the cranial cavity, which then travel to the olfactory bulb. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The olfactory nerves then transmit the chemical signals through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. (anatomicaljustice.com)
In the olfactory bulb, the chemical signal is translated into an electrical signal, and transmitted to the brain for interpretation. (anatomicaljustice.com)
However, as they progress over the surface of the olfactory bulb and a point of glomerular convergence, the axons undergo a profound topographical reorganization such that all of the axons coming from neurons expressing the same odorant receptor converge into only 2/3 glomeruli/olfactory bulb. (grantome.com)
this image shows the course of the olfactory nerve from the olfactory bulb to centers showing: 1. (edoctoronline.com)
this image shows the beginning of the olfactory nerve at the nose ( the olfactory bulb) showing: 1. (edoctoronline.com)
Odor information is first represented in the brain by patterns of input activity across the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
Odorants are first encoded in the brain by patterns of afferent activity across the glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB), which constitute functional units in olfactory information processing ( Shepherd, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
Once in the cranial cavity, the fibres enter the olfactory bulb , which lies in the olfactory groove, within the anterior cranial fossa. (com.ng)
The olfactory bulb is an ovoid structure which contains specialised neurones, called mitral cells . (com.ng)
The medial stria carry the axons across the medial plane of the anterior commissure where they meet the olfactory bulb of the opposite side. (com.ng)
The olfactory receptor cell's axons extend into the olfactory bulb. (knowyourbody.net)
They may result in odor sensation that happens at the level of our nose and olfactory bulb. (knowyourbody.net)
They extend out to this little bulb called the olfactory vesicle, and from there all these little cilia spring out, protected by a layer of mucus. (scientopia.org)
In the olfactory system, odorants evoke specific patterns of sensory neuron activity that are transmitted to output neurons in olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. (nature.com)
Shear Injury to the Olfactory Nerves (Cranial Nerve I). Graphically depicts a violent blow to the back of the head as it strikes the pavement, resulting in tearing of the fibers of the olfactory nerve bulb (C.N. I) in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone in the skull. (photoshelter.com)
The fibers pass through small foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone , and enter the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa. (osmosis.org)
In both levels of infection, the bacteria penetrated and colonised the olfactory and trigeminal nerves and migrated directly into the olfactory bulb within central nervous system. (edu.au)
Little is known about the differences between olfactory mucosa olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory bulb olfactory ensheathing cells in the capability to promote nerve regeneration. (bjorl.org)
To study the recovery of the rat facial nerve after olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation, and to compare the differences between the facial nerve regeneration of olfactory mucosa-olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory bulb olfactory bulb olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation. (bjorl.org)
Olfactory mucosa-olfactory ensheathing cells and olfactory bulb olfactory ensheathing cells were cultured and harvested after 7 days in vitro. (bjorl.org)
Olfactory sensory neurons extend their axons solely to the olfactory bulb, which is dedicated to odor information processing. (frontiersin.org)
The olfactory bulb is divided into multiple layers, with different types of neurons found in each of the layers. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, the expanding diversity of cells in the olfactory bulb is now being acknowledged. (frontiersin.org)
However, our current understanding of olfactory bulb neuronal circuits is mostly based on the conventional and simplest classification of cell types. (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this review is therefore to discuss the expanse of existing work on neuronal diversity in the olfactory bulb up to this point, so as to provide an overall picture of the olfactory bulb circuit. (frontiersin.org)
Information from activated neurons is first transmitted to the olfactory bulb. (frontiersin.org)
In the olfactory bulb, multiple types of neurons form sophisticated networks to process information before transmitting it further to the olfactory cortex. (frontiersin.org)
Currently, there is a pressing demand for understanding the numerous neuronal types and networks to elucidate the mechanism(s) of olfactory information processing in the olfactory bulb. (frontiersin.org)
Histologically, the olfactory bulb is divided into multiple layers. (frontiersin.org)
This categorization provides us with a basic model of the olfactory bulb network (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Basic model of the olfactory bulb network. (frontiersin.org)
The illustrated olfactory bulb network is based on the conventional categorization of participating neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Orexin-A and -B neurons were restricted to the lateral and posterior hypothalamus, whereas both orexin-A and -B nerve fibers projected widely into the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem. (pnas.org)
The olfactory bulb is a body part involved in the human sense of smell, so "type of bulb" is a legal but difficult definition. (thetimes.co.uk)
Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: a quantitative morphological study. (medscape.com)
Carry sensations of smell from the nasal mucosa to the olfactory bulb, from there through the olfactory tracts and roots especially the lateral root to the peri amygdaloid and pre piriform areas of the cortex, the uncus and the hippocampal gyrus. (physioblasts.org)
Distraction of olfactory bulb-medial prefrontal cortex circuit may induce anxiety-like behavior in allergic rhinitis. (bioportfolio.com)
In neonates and adults, we observed discrete p75 NGFR -immunoreactivity (p75 NGFR -ir) in the glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb. (utmb.edu)
This was in keeping with the general ontogeny of the main olfactory bulb. (utmb.edu)
Generally, granule cells, mitral cells and periglomerular cells of the main olfactory bulb were not specifically stained. (utmb.edu)
Additional specific staining was found in the olfactory receptor neurons of neonatal and adult olfactory neuroepithelium, the olfactory fascicles and in the glomeruli of the accessory olfactory bulb. (utmb.edu)
The intensity, but not the organization, of specific staining in the accessory olfactory bulb increased as the animal matured. (utmb.edu)
We believe that p75 NGFR -ir in the olfactory system is associated with its unique capacity to regenerate its peripheral input to the main olfactory bulb. (utmb.edu)
The presence of p75 NGFR -ir in the accessory olfactory bulb would suggest a broader role for this protein. (utmb.edu)
Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei migrated through the cribriform plate via the olfactory nerves to enter the outer layer of the olfactory bulb in the brain within 24 h. (edu.au)
Methimazole-mediated injury resulted in increased B. pseudomallei invasion of the olfactory epithelium, and only in pre-injured animals were bacteria found in the olfactory nerve and bulb. (edu.au)
Here, we show that the expression of truncated human α-synuclein(1-120), driven by the rat tyrosine hydroxylase promoter on a mouse α-synuclein null background, leads to the formation of pathological inclusions in the substantia nigra and olfactory bulb and to a reduction in striatal dopamine levels. (cf.ac.uk)
The axons of the olfactory sensory neurons collect in fascicles of increasing diameter in the lamina propria mucosae from where they run centripetally toward the olfactory bulb. (springer.com)
The olfactory axons form an intricate nerve plexus on the surface of the homolateral olfactory bulb before terminating in globose structures, the olfactory glomeruli, where they synapse with the dendrites of large cortical neurons, the mitral cells. (springer.com)

Lesions of the olfactory nerve do not lead to a reduced ability to sense pain from the nasal epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
This is because pain from the nasal epithelium is not carried to the central nervous system by the olfactory nerve - it is carried to the central nervous system by the trigeminal nerve . (wikipedia.org)
Within the nasal cavity , the turbinates or nasal conchae serve to direct the inspired air toward the olfactory epithelium in the upper posterior region. (medscape.com)
The olfactory epithelium consists of 3 cell types: basal, supporting, and olfactory receptor cells. (medscape.com)
As previously mentioned, the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) sends fibers to the olfactory epithelium to detect caustic chemicals, such as ammonia. (medscape.com)
Olfaction begins in the olfactory epithelium, where odorants bind G-protein-coupled receptors on the dendritic cilia of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) ( Firestein, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
High up inside your nose, about 7 cm above and behind your nostrils, is a region of the nasal cavity known as the olfactory epithelium . (study.com)
Upon bacterial infection, epithelial lesions and redistribution of intracellular junction protein N-cadherin were observed at the nasal epithelial mucosa, especially at the olfactory epithelium, which is functionally and anatomically connected to the CNS. (diva-portal.org)
The differentiation of the cells of the olfactory plaeode into the mature elements of the olfactory epithelium has not been described fully in human material. (edu.au)
There are around 3 million receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium supplemented with supporting cells and the ducts of the Bowman`s glands. (anatomynext.com)
The perception of odorous molecules begins in the olfactory epithelium when odorant ligands bind to molecular receptors expressed on the cilia of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). (grantome.com)
Despite its inherent complexity, the olfactory nerve pathway is regenerated and remodeled throughout life as a result of ongoing neurogenesis of olfactory sensory neurons in the epithelium. (grantome.com)
The dendritic process projects to the surface of the epithelium, where they project a number of short cilia, the olfactory hairs , into the mucous membrane. (com.ng)
The anatomical course of the olfactory nerve describes the transmission of special sensory information from the nasal epithelium to the primary olfactory cortex of the brain. (teachmeanatomy.info)
The sense of smell is detected by olfactory receptors located within the nasal epithelium . (teachmeanatomy.info)
Besides this, the olfactory epithelium is prepared from supporting cells, basal cells, ducts, and Bowman glands that enable regeneration of the olfactory nerve. (knowyourbody.net)
Air (and the chemicals in it from that dog poo you just stepped in) goes up into your nostrils and nose, and hits the olfactory epithelium, a little patch of cells on the roof and wall of the inside of the nose, represented here in grey. (scientopia.org)
This olfactory epithelium is made of three types of cells: olfactory receptor neurons, support cells, and basal cells. (scientopia.org)
And the way it comes back is through the basal cells, which form the membrane of the olfactory epithelium, and which can divide and become olfactory neurons and supporting cells when they are needed. (scientopia.org)
These fibers transmit olfactory impulses from the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity to the brain, where they are perceived as the sense of smell. (osmosis.org)
Now, the olfactory epithelium is located on each side of the roof of the nasal cavity where the nasal mucosa contains olfactory receptor neurons. (osmosis.org)
In widespread major infection, the olfactory epithelium rapidly responded by degradation and an immune response which limited the penetration of bacteria in the mucosal layer. (edu.au)
In contrast, in low level minor infection, very small numbers of bacteria penetrated the olfactory mucosa without causing degradation of the epithelium or an obvious immune response. (edu.au)
These odorant receptors are expressed by olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium. (frontiersin.org)
Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Taking poietic license. (medscape.com)
The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of olfactory (or odorant) receptors by small molecules of different spatial, chemical, and electrical properties that pass over the nasal epithelium in the nasal cavity during inhalation. (physioblasts.org)
We found that the olfactory epithelium responded to intranasal B. pseudomallei infection by widespread crenellation followed by disintegration of the neuronal layer to expose the underlying basal layer, which the bacteria then colonized. (edu.au)
We also found that the bacteria colonized the thin respiratory epithelium in the nasal cavity and then rapidly migrated along the underlying trigeminal nerve to penetrate the cranial cavity. (edu.au)
These data suggest that injuries to the olfactory epithelium expose the primary olfactory nervous system to bacterial invasion, which can then result in CNS infection with potential pathogenic consequences for the glial cells. (edu.au)
The olfactory sensory epithelium lines portions of the nasal cavity, and in the adult animal three cell types, which are organized in columnar units, contribute to its formation: neurons, basal cells, and supporting cells (Fig. 1). (springer.com)

Some of this decrease results from repeated damage to the olfactory nerve receptors due likely to repeated upper respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
Fibres of the nerve run upwards from smell receptors in the nasal mucosa and join to form the olfactory tract to the brain. (encyclopedia.com)
Olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
In contrast there were relatively high levels of [3H]spiperone binding to D2 DA receptors in the glomerular and olfactory nerve layers. (nih.gov)
The presence of relatively high concentrations of D2 DA receptors in both the nerve layer and glomerular layer suggests the novel hypothesis that these receptors may be localized on terminals of the olfactory nerve. (nih.gov)
Autoradiographic studies of murine nose reveal a bipolar staining pattern around the cell bodies of the olfactory receptor cells, suggesting the presence of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors on both processes of these bipolar neurons. (nih.gov)
Each of the first pair of cranial nerves, transmitting impulses to the brain from the smell receptors in the mucous membrane of the nose. (oxforddictionaries.com)
Thus the olfactory epitheium is a complex mosaic of neurons each of which expresses only 1 of 1,200 possible odorant receptors. (grantome.com)
Peripheral olfactory processes (receptors) in the olfactory mucosa. (com.ng)
The olfactory receptors of the nerve are situated within the mucosa of the nasal cavity. (knowyourbody.net)
It is a special pseudostratified neuroepithelium comprising the primary olfactory receptors. (knowyourbody.net)
To boost the olfactory receptors, it is essential for airborne molecules to pass through the nasal cavity with quite turbulent air currents and link the receptors. (knowyourbody.net)
Olfactory receptor neurons are bipolar neurons that each have a dendrite on their apical surface that gives rise to many olfactory cilia, which possess receptors for odorant molecules. (osmosis.org)
Here we discuss the implications of these findings with regards to nerve growth factor, other trophic molecules, and their receptors. (utmb.edu)

The afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons transmit nerve impulses about odors to the central nervous system , where they are perceived by the sense of smell ( olfaction ). (wikipedia.org)
Damage to this nerve impairs the sense of smell. (wikipedia.org)
Damage to this nerve leads to impairment or total loss anosmia of the sense of smell To simply test the function of the olfactory nerve, each nostril is tested with a pungent odor. (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. (jove.com)
Your olfactory nerve is responsible for your sense of smell and plays a big part in your sense of taste, too. (study.com)
The olfactory nerve is responsible for your sense of smell and partially responsible for your sense of taste. (study.com)
Toothed whales do not have a sense of smell, but baleen whales do have some olfactory nerves. (oxforddictionaries.com)
12 A brain disease that is characterized by nerve injury located in olfactory nerve, occurring as a result of normal aging, trauma, mass lesion or other insult, and has symptom impaired sense of smell, has symptom anosmia or loss of smell. (malacards.org)
Olfactory Nerve Disease, is also known as olfactory nerve diseases , and has symptoms including anosmia and impaired sense of smell . (malacards.org)
The olfactory nerve is purely sensory in function and transmits the sense of smell. (anatomynext.com)
The olfactory nerve transmits information to the brain regarding a person's sense of smell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The olfactory nerve (cranial nerve one) is responsible for the sense of smell. (anatomicaljustice.com)
Olfactory lesions can be sub-divided into the following categories: a) anosmia: inability to appreciate qualitative olfactory sensations, b) partial anosmia: the ability to appreciate some but not all odorants, c) microsmia or hyposmia: reduced sensitivity to odorants d) hyperosmia: pathologically acute sense of smell, e) dysosmia, cacosmia, or parosmia: altered/distorted sense of smell, f) phantosmia: an olfactory hallucination, and g) olfactory agnosia: the inability to interpret an odorant. (clinicalexams.co.uk)
It is the nerve which transmits special sensory information, allowing us to have a sense of smell . (com.ng)
With the cutoff, the olfactory nerve appears dead and hence the sense of smell is destroyed. (knowyourbody.net)
Because each neuron only makes one (though there can be more than one olfactory receptor neuron with that protein, in fact there are usually thousands), this means our sense of smell can be extremely specific. (scientopia.org)
So first, there's cranial nerve I, or the olfactory nerve, which only contains special sensory fibers responsible for the sense of smell. (osmosis.org)

The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve , or simply CN I , that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to smell . (wikipedia.org)
either one of the first pair of cranial nerves, consisting of sensory fibers that conduct to the brain the impulses from the mucous membranes of the nose. (dictionary.com)
In naegleriasis, "brain-eating" amoeba enter through the olfactory mucosa of the nasal tissues and follow the olfactory nerve fibers into the olfactory bulbs and then the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, separated at the midline by the crista galli, contains multiple small foramina through which the olfactory nerve fibers, or fila olfactoria, traverse. (medscape.com)
Fracture of the cribriform plate in traumatic settings can disrupt these fine fibers and lead to olfactory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. (medscape.com)
Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
Regeneration of the nerve, crushed 1.5 cm from the cell bodies, is found to produce three distinct populations of regenerating fibers. (rupress.org)
The first traverses the crush site 1 wk postoperative and progresses along the nerve at a rate of 5.8 +/- 0.3 mm/d for the leading fibers of the group. (rupress.org)
The multiple populations of regenerating fibers with differing rates of growth are discussed in the context of precursor cell maturity at the time of nerve injury and possible conditioning effects of the lesion upon these cells. (rupress.org)
In the trigone, the fibers separate into olfactory stria, which synapse with the third-order neurons in the perforated substance. (anatomynext.com)
Specialized olfactory neurons and nerve fibers meet with other nerves, which pass into the olfactory tract. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Most of the fibers of the optic nerve cross into a structure called the optic chiasm. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The medulla is comprised of both myelinated white matter and unmyelinated gray matter nerve fibers. (associazione-experience.it)
Specialized olfactory nerve fibers located in the upper nasal mucosa are activated by the inhalation of chemical molecules (odorants). (anatomicaljustice.com)
The olfactory receptor neurons contain afferent nerve fibers that transfer nerve impulses regarding odor or smell to the central nervous system. (knowyourbody.net)
Olfactory receptor neurons have no myelin to help conduct the signal, and the axon fibers themselves are long and thin, which means the action potentials move slowly (fatter axons produce faster conduction). (scientopia.org)
a macroscopic cordlike structure of the body, comprising a collection of nerve fibers that convey impulses between a part of the central nervous system and some other body region. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mixed nerves are composed of both motor and sensory fibers, and transmit messages in both directions at once. (thefreedictionary.com)
The various nerve fibers and cells that make up the autonomic nervous system innervate the glands, heart, blood vessels, and involuntary muscles of the internal organs. (thefreedictionary.com)
mixed nerve ( nerve of mixed fibers ) a nerve composed of both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers. (thefreedictionary.com)
The cranial nerves are made up of sensory fibers, motor fibers, or both, that innervate the majority of structures in the head and neck. (osmosis.org)
Here, the olfactory nerve fibers synapse on second order neurons, called mitral cells. (osmosis.org)
Some of these nerves are sensory or motor only while others are mixed containing a combination of sensory and motor fibers. (healthhype.com)
Paresthesias are reported over the area of nerve distribution, along with tenderness over nerve fibers and muscles supplied by the involved nerve. (chiro.org)

The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the twelve cranial nerves and, similar to the optic nerve, does not emanate from the brainstem . (wikipedia.org)
It is also known as cranial nerve 1 because it is the shortest of the cranial nerves and one of only two nerves (the other is the optic nerve) that bypass the brain stem and connect directly to your brain. (study.com)
Glaucoma is the term used to describe a group diseases characterised by a specific type of damage to the optic nerve head (ONH) known as cupping and a characteristic type of visual field loss. (bl.uk)
We injected OEC into glaucomatous rat eyes to study the effects of OEC on optic nerve damage. (bl.uk)
The presence of OEC in the vitreous cavity of the glaucomatous rat eye significantly reduced the optic nerve damage in glaucomatous eyes. (bl.uk)
The sphenethmoid is intimately connected with the olfactory nerves, the entire optic apparatus and the fore- and mid-brain. (oxforddictionaries.com)
The optic nerve transmits information to the brain regarding a person's vision. (medicalnewstoday.com)
These photoreceptors carry signal impulses along nerve cells to form the optic nerve. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Along with the optic nerve, it is actually a peripheral outpost of the central nervous system. (associazione-experience.it)
muscle Iris Lacrimal gland Lateral rectus muscle Lens Medial rectus Optic nerve Pupil Superior oblique Superior. (associazione-experience.it)
optic nerve 3. (edoctoronline.com)
It is one of two nerves that do not join with the brainstem, the other being the optic nerve. (com.ng)
It is similar to the optic nerve also in its structure, as it has a meningeal covering unlike CN III to XII. (com.ng)
So to stop and smell the roses, but also to see the roses, we need to focus on the Olfactory and Optic nerves, also known as cranial nerves I and II. (osmosis.org)
The terminal nerves (0), olfactory nerves (I) and optic nerves (II) emerge from the cerebrum or forebrain, and the remaining ten pairs arise from the brainstem, which is the lower part of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Imaging of the optic nerve and visual pathways. (biomedsearch.com)

CMV lesions were found in the olfactory system of children with congenital CMV infection but no study has hitherto examined the impact of congenital CMV infection on olfaction. (bioportfolio.com)

from the bulbs (one on each side) the olfactory information is transmitted into the brain via the olfactory tract . (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory tract then travels to the frontal lobe and other areas of the brain that are involved with memory and notation of different smells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
From the glomeruli, second order nerves then pass posteriorly into the olfactory tract. (com.ng)
The olfactory tract runs inferiorly to the frontal lobe . (com.ng)
The olfactory tract travels posteriorly on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe . (teachmeanatomy.info)
The axons of these cells form the olfactory tract, which travels posteriorly to several olfactory areas including the primary olfactory cortex within the temporal lobe. (osmosis.org)
However, in early neonates, granule cells close to the lateral olfactory tract exhibited p75 NGFR -ir. (utmb.edu)

Derived from the embryonic nasal placode , the olfactory nerve is somewhat unusual among cranial nerves because it is capable of some regeneration if damaged. (wikipedia.org)
The specialized olfactory epithelial cells characterize the only group of neurons capable of regeneration. (medscape.com)
Study of regeneration in the garfish olfactory nerve. (rupress.org)
A similar regeneration process was confirmed in the garfish olfactory system. (rupress.org)
The olfactory nerve is also capable of regeneration . (com.ng)
This nerve is unique as compared to other cranial nerves as it holds some power of regeneration when damaged. (knowyourbody.net)
This nerve is capable of regeneration and is unmyelinated and covered with Schwann cells. (knowyourbody.net)
Graziadei PPC, Monti Graziadei GA (1979): Neurogenesis and neuron regeneration in the olfactory system of mammals. (springer.com)
Graziadei P.P.C., Graziadei G.A.M. (1988) Olfactory System, Turnover and Regeneration. (springer.com)

Histologically, glomeruli are distinct units that are not restricted to vertebrates but have evolved also in the olfactory systems of other phylogenetic groups such as molluscs and arthropods ( Hildebrand and Shepherd, 1997 ). (jneurosci.org)
The olfactory nerve fibres synapse with the mitral cells, forming collections known as synaptic glomeruli . (com.ng)
The axons of olfactory sensory neurons make synapses in the glomerular layer (GL), consisting of spherical structures called glomeruli. (frontiersin.org)

The functional components of the olfactory nerve include the special visceral afferent (SVA), which carries the modality of smell. (wikipedia.org)
olfactory nerve n. the first cranial nerve (I): the special sensory nerve of smell. (encyclopedia.com)
Either of the first pair of cranial nerves that carries sensory information relating to smell from the nose to the brain. (dictionary.com)
Without a properly functioning olfactory nerve, you wouldn't be able to smell any of these things. (study.com)
The job of your olfactory nerve is to detect chemicals floating around in the air and transmit information about them to your brain, where you interpret this as a certain smell. (study.com)
On the side facing your nasal cavity (and so exposed to the smell-inducing chemicals), they are covered with tiny hairs called cilia , and on the other side, they are connected to an axon , which is the main body of a nerve cell. (study.com)
Some people with olfactory nerve damage develop anosmia, but some simply have a reduced ability to smell. (study.com)
Finally, olfactory nerve disorders can cause people to develop dysosmia , where smells are mixed up so that a pleasant aroma like that of a rose might smell bad, like rotting garbage. (study.com)
By the way, you'll be happy to know the smell is gone now, or my olfactory nerves have been killed dead. (oxforddictionaries.com)
At levels higher than this, the poisonous gas will start to degrade the olfactory nerves, making it impossible to smell. (oxforddictionaries.com)
A follow-up experiment found a third link: olfactory dreamers are better at identifying odors in a smell test. (firstnerve.com)
This historic 1941 paper by Pearson described development of the olfactory nerve involved with smell . (edu.au)
Sensory cranial nerves help a person to see, smell, and hear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The olfactory mucosa is a very important structure as it not only senses smell, but also the more advanced aspects of taste. (com.ng)
It is a special visceral afferent nerve, which transmits information relating to smell . (teachmeanatomy.info)
The potential to smell comes from special sensory cells, known as olfactory sensory neurons that are found in a small tissue patch inside the nose. (knowyourbody.net)
The sensation of smell is mediated through stimulation of olfactory receptor cells through volatile chemicals. (knowyourbody.net)
The reason you can smell what you're smelling is entirely due to the glory of your olfactory nerve. (scientopia.org)
While it's not as important to us as it is to say, dogs, who rely on smell a lot more than we do, the olfactory system is still a thing of awesome. (scientopia.org)
For example, the olfactory nerve (I) supplies smell, and the facial nerve (VII) supplies motor innervation to the face. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of the study is to see whether patients with chronic smell impairment after brain injury benefit from a treatment that consists of corticosteroids, and then olfactory training in 3. (bioportfolio.com)

The receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, each possessing a thin dendritic rod that contains specialized cilia extending from the olfactory vesicle and a long central process that forms the fila olfactoria. (medscape.com)
The cilia react to specific chemicals and send electrical signals through the axons of the olfactory nerve to your brain. (study.com)
These cilia react to odors in the air and stimulate the olfactory cells. (com.ng)
The chemicals that are in the air around you will then diffuse across the mucus membrane and hit the cilia, stimulating the olfactory receptor neuron. (scientopia.org)

The olfactory nerve originates in the nasal mucosa on the upper part of the nasal cavity as special sensory cells (neurosensory cells of the mucosa), which are the first-order neurons in the olfactory pathway. (anatomynext.com)
In conclusion, we identify and characterize here a microcircuit controlling the transfer of sensory information at an early stage of the olfactory pathway. (nature.com)
The olfactory sensory pathway is, consequently, the only one that directly extends from the periphery to a cortical area without entering a commissure and without a synaptic interruption. (springer.com)

Alternatively, it has been proposed that information about the identity and concentration of odorants can be encoded in the timevarying activity of neurons in the olfactory system (Stopfer et al. (jneurosci.org)

Permanent anosmia can be caused by head injury , or tumours which occur in the olfactory groove (e.g. meningioma). (com.ng)

[1] From the olfactory mucosa, the nerve (actually many small nerve fascicles) travels up through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to reach the surface of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
On each side of the groove the dura is rough, because of its attachment to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and because it is pierced by numerous olfactory nerve bundles. (oxforddictionaries.com)
Their axons (fila olfactoria) assemble into small bundles of true olfactory nerves, which penetrate the small foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and enter the cranial cavity. (teachmeanatomy.info)
The olfactory neuroepithelium is situated in the upper region of each nasal chamber close to the cribriform plate, superior-lateral nasal wall, and superior nasal septum. (knowyourbody.net)
When there is a sudden blow in front of the head then it knocks the cribriform plate out of its location, causing the delicate olfactory axons to shear off. (knowyourbody.net)

One potential route is via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves of the nasal cavity. (edu.au)
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that B. pseudomallei enters the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within 24 hr after inoculation. (edu.au)
We have now investigated in detail the mechanism by which the bacteria penetrate the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity and infect the brain. (edu.au)
We have previously discovered that B. pseudomallei can infect the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves in mice. (edu.au)
In vitro assays demonstrated that B. pseudomallei readily infected glial cells isolated from the olfactory and trigeminal nerves (olfactory ensheathing cells and trigeminal Schwann cells, respectively). (edu.au)

The axons of the third-order neurons reach the olfactory cortex, and also synapse with the components of the limbic system. (anatomynext.com)
medial olfactory cortex 4. (edoctoronline.com)
The lateral stria sends carries the axons to the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex (also known as the primary olfactory cortex ). (com.ng)
The primary olfactory cortex sends nerve fibres to many other areas of the brain, notably the piriform cortex, the amygdala, olfactory tubercle and the secondary olfactory cortex. (com.ng)
Lateral stria - carries the axons to the primary olfactory cortex, located within the uncus of temporal lobe. (teachmeanatomy.info)
A range of neurons extends from olfactory cortex down to thalamus. (knowyourbody.net)

These nuclei are important relative to cranial nerve dysfunction because damage to these nuclei such as from a stroke or trauma can mimic damage to one or more branches of a cranial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Olfactory dysfunction is commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be related to disorder of the central olfactory processing system. (bioportfolio.com)
Olfactory dysfunction is a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis, a disease which affects 12.5% of the adult population across all racial and ethnic groups. (bioportfolio.com)
Intracranially congenital, traumatic, and neurodegenerative disorders are usually to blame for olfactory dysfunction. (biomedsearch.com)
Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in older adults: a national probability study. (medscape.com)
Martin GE, Junque C, Juncadella M, Gabarros A, de Miquel MA, Rubio F. Olfactory dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by ruptured aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery. (medscape.com)
Frequency and prognostic factors of olfactory dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. (medscape.com)

It continues as the olfactory trigone that lies in the olfactory groove of the frontal lobe. (anatomynext.com)

Embryologically it is derived from the olfactory placode (a thickening of the ectoderm layer), which also give rise to the glial cells which support the nerve. (com.ng)

Course of the olfactory nerve viewed from the left side of a parasagittal section. (kenhub.com)
What is the relationship of individual axons to the olfactory ensheathing cells along the course of the olfactory nerve and olfactory nerve layer? (grantome.com)

nervus olfactorius ) is considered as the first cranial nerve , although it is actually a collection of the olfactory receptor cell axons and is derived from the telencephalon. (anatomynext.com)

Their olfactory bulbs were the size of a grapefruit, and the bundle of olfactory nerves leading to the brain was wider than the spinal cord, judging by the size of the skull openings. (oxforddictionaries.com)
At the transition of the medulla to the spinal cord, there are two major decussations, or crossings, of nerve fibres. (associazione-experience.it)
Sensory nerves, sometimes called afferent nerves, carry information from the outside world, such as sensations of heat, cold, and pain, to the brain and spinal cord. (thefreedictionary.com)
Motor nerves, or efferent nerves, transmit impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles. (thefreedictionary.com)
Together, the nerves make up the peripheral nervous system, as distinguished from the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). (thefreedictionary.com)
sensory nerve a peripheral nerve that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the spinal cord or brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Your peripheral nerves are the ones outside your brain and spinal cord. (icdlist.com)
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem ), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord ). (wikipedia.org)
Spinal nerves emerge sequentially from the spinal cord with the spinal nerve closest to the head ( C1 ) emerging in the space above the first cervical vertebra. (wikipedia.org)
The symptoms and signs of damage to the spinal roots are the same as for peripheral-nerve damage except that the area of involvement is restricted to the area supplied by the spinal roots rather than the nerves. (britannica.com)
Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves are not shown. (britannica.com)
As with lesions of the spinal cord, localization of the level of the lesion is determined by noting which of the cranial nerve functions are affected. (britannica.com)
As olfactory receptor axons grow from the peripheral to the central nervous system (CNS) aided by olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the transplantation of OECs has been suggested as a plausible therapy for spinal cord lesions. (mdpi.com)
and (iii) their transplantation in organotypic slices of spinal cord and peripheral nerve showed positive integration in the model. (mdpi.com)
Most of these nerves emerge pass through the spinal cord and are known as the spinal nerves. (healthhype.com)
The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves from these areas. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, 12 nerves that come from the brain, and the nerves that come from the spinal cord. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

To examine how odorants are represented at this stage of olfactory processing, we labeled anterogradely the axons of olfactory receptor neurons with the voltage-sensitive dye Di8-ANEPPQ in zebrafish. (jneurosci.org)
Because each olfactory sensory neuron expresses only a single odorant receptor, different odorants can activate distinct subsets of olfactory sensory neurons. (frontiersin.org)

These bundles of nerves constitute the 1st cranial nerve, the olfactory nerve. (oxforddictionaries.com)
Once the axon penetrates through the basement membrane, it joins other non-myelinated processes to form the fila olfactoria (bundles of olfactory axons). (com.ng)
The basal surfaces of these neurons give rise to central processes - or axons - that are collected into bundles to form approximately 20 olfactory nerves on each side, that, together, we call the right and left olfactory nerves. (osmosis.org)
Importantly, we have previously determined that the cells of the immune system, macrophages, are largely excluded from olfactory nerve bundles. (edu.au)
By confocal microscopy, we found that TOPgal activated processes extended along the developing glomerulus and formed multiple tunnel-like structures that ensheathe and bridge olfactory sensory axonal bundles from ONLi to the glomerulus, which may play a key role in glomerulus formation and convergent sorting of the peripheral olfactory axons. (elsevier.com)
In their course they either assemble in a unique olfactory nerve (the olfactory nerve of lower vertebrates) or maintain their arrangement in several discrete bundles (the fila olfactoria of mammals) that penetrate into the cranial cavity through the lamina cribrosa. (springer.com)

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the olfactory nerve - its structure, anatomical course and clinical relevance. (teachmeanatomy.info)

Some nanoparticles entering the nose are transported to the brain via olfactory nerve. (wikipedia.org)

To simply test the function of the olfactory nerve, each nostril is tested with a pungent odor. (wikipedia.org)
Unfortunately, many clinical tests confound the function of the olfactory nerve with that of the trigeminal nerve ('pungency' as from ammonia). (oxforddictionaries.com)
The sensory function of the olfactory nerve is achieved via the olfactory mucosa . (teachmeanatomy.info)

The lateral olfactory striae project to uncus, but the medial olfactory striae project to hypothalamus and brainstem nuclei. (anatomynext.com)
The abducens nerve starts in the pons of the brainstem, enters an area called Dorello's canal, travels through the cavernous sinus, and ends at the lateral rectus muscle within the bony orbit. (medicalnewstoday.com)

olfactory neuroepithelium 2. (edoctoronline.com)
We therefore investigated this, using outbred mice that were intranasally inoculated with B. pseudomallei, with or without methimazole-induced injury to the olfactory neuroepithelium. (edu.au)

An important gene associated with Olfactory Nerve Neoplasm is ENO2 (Enolase 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Neuroscience . (malacards.org)
The olfactory system consists of the primary olfactory nerves in the nasal cavity, the olfactory bulbs and tracts, and numerous intracranial connections and pathways. (biomedsearch.com)

Damage to the olfactory nerve can result in three different disorders. (study.com)
698, 482 S.E.2d 26 (1997) held that the injured worker was entitled to compensation for permanent damage to the olfactory organ but not for compensation for two separate compensable injuries. (workersadvisor.com)

[2] The fascicles of the olfactory nerve are not visible on a cadaver brain because they are severed upon removal. (wikipedia.org)

This nerve is located in the head and originates from olfactory mucosa present in the upper region of the nasal cavity. (knowyourbody.net)

Diffuse disease affecting the peripheral nerves may have a greater impact on either motor or sensory fibres, or it may affect both to an equal degree. (britannica.com)

It derives from the olfactory placode during embryonic development. (diva-portal.org)
While the differentiation and migration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-expressing neurons from the olfactory placode has been well documented, the TNG has been neglected in birds and mammals, and its development is less well described. (diva-portal.org)
A description of any one of these nerves would naturally begin with the formation of the olfactory placode. (edu.au)
The general plan of the development of the olfactory placode has been given in a number of the recent text-books of em- bryology. (edu.au)
It is diﬂicult to determine at just what period neuroblasts begin to develop in the olfactory placode of human embryos. (edu.au)
Bipolar cells which resemble olfactory nerve cells were observed in the olfactory placode of a 9.5 mm. human embryo. (edu.au)
Although this embryo was not stained with a neurological stain, a few nerve ﬁbers could be traced from the placode into the mesoderm. (edu.au)
Embryological it is obtained from the olfactory placode, which is thickening of ectoderm layer. (knowyourbody.net)

The trochlear nerve is also involved in eye movement. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The trochlear nerve, like the oculomotor nerve, originates in the midbrain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Trochlear nerve - outer and downward (inferolateral) eyeball movement. (healthhype.com)

afferent nerve any nerve that transmits impulses from the periphery toward the central nervous system, such as a sensory nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
excitor nerve one that transmits impulses resulting in an increase in functional activity. (thefreedictionary.com)
inhibitory nerve one that transmits impulses resulting in a decrease in functional activity. (thefreedictionary.com)
Where fatigue and weakness are the symptoms, the underlying cause of disease may be a failure of motor nerve impulses to cross to the muscle end plate at the neuromuscular junction . (britannica.com)

Within the medulla are vital ascending and descending nerve tracts along with important brainstem nuclei. (associazione-experience.it)
Despite being a component of the nervous system, the olfactory nerve does not link the brainstem. (knowyourbody.net)
[1] Ten of the cranial nerves originate in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
The numbering of the cranial nerves is based on the order in which they emerge from the brain, front to back ( brainstem ). (wikipedia.org)
The brainstem, with deeper cranial nerve nuclei and tracts inside the brain-stem shaded red. (wikipedia.org)
The cell bodies of many of the neurons of most of the cranial nerves are contained in one or more nuclei in the brainstem . (wikipedia.org)

and Aim 3 - Test the hypotheses that odorant receptor mRNAs and the translational components are locally compartmentalized in the olfactory nerve/sensory axons. (grantome.com)
Our environment is filled with odorant molecules, and our emotions, moods, and even behaviors can be controlled by olfactory stimuli. (frontiersin.org)

Each pair of cranial nerves is numbered from one to twelve Roman numerals) and designated as CN. (healthhype.com)

These specialized epithelial cells give rise to the olfactory vesicles containing kinocilia, which serve as sites of stimulus transduction. (medscape.com)
The cells there, called olfactory epithelial cells, are very specialized. (study.com)

Depending on definition in humans there are twelve or thirteen cranial nerves pairs, which are assigned Roman numerals I-XII, sometimes also including cranial nerve zero . (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy27

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

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Development of the chick olfactory nerve. (1/262)

Single-channel kinetics of the rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (2/262)

Effects of olfactory stimuli on urge reduction in smokers. (3/262)

Dopamine depresses synaptic inputs into the olfactory bulb. (4/262)

Long-term effects on the olfactory system of exposure to hydrogen sulphide. (5/262)

Sites of plasticity in the neural circuit mediating tentacle withdrawal in the snail Helix aspersa: implications for behavioral change and learning kinetics. (6/262)

Relationships between odor-elicited oscillations in the salamander olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. (7/262)

Transplantation of human olfactory ensheathing cells elicits remyelination of demyelinated rat spinal cord. (8/262)

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Olfactory Nerve

Olfactory Nerve Injuries

Olfactory Bulb

Olfactory Nerve Diseases

Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Smell

Olfactory Marker Protein

Olfactory Mucosa

Odors

Olfactory Pathways

Olfaction Disorders

Spectrometry, Gamma

Nasal Cavity

Cranial Nerve Injuries

Axons

Nerve Fibers

Sciatic Nerve

Nerve Regeneration

Receptors, Odorant

Peripheral Nerves

Skull Base

Optic Nerve

Electric Stimulation

Nasal Mucosa

Sensory Receptor Cells

Fishes

Neurons, Afferent

Neurons

Administration, Intranasal

Microsurgery

Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules

Rana catesbeiana

Dendrites

Central Nervous System

Action Potentials

Axonal Transport

Nerve Block

Nerve Endings

Evoked Potentials

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

Mice, Inbred ICR

Neuroglia

Sural Nerve

Median Nerve

Facial Nerve

Nerve Crush

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

Synapses

Tibial Nerve

Ulnar Nerve

Neural Inhibition

Trigeminal Nerve

Tracheotomy

Development of the chick olfactory nerve. (1/262)

Single-channel kinetics of the rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (2/262)

Effects of olfactory stimuli on urge reduction in smokers. (3/262)

Dopamine depresses synaptic inputs into the olfactory bulb. (4/262)

Long-term effects on the olfactory system of exposure to hydrogen sulphide. (5/262)

Sites of plasticity in the neural circuit mediating tentacle withdrawal in the snail Helix aspersa: implications for behavioral change and learning kinetics. (6/262)

Relationships between odor-elicited oscillations in the salamander olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. (7/262)

Transplantation of human olfactory ensheathing cells elicits remyelination of demyelinated rat spinal cord. (8/262)

Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling reporter in developing mouse olfactory nerve layer marks a specialized subgroup of...

Study of regeneration in the garfish olfactory nerve. | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press

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Primary afferent depolarization in the in vitro frog olfactory bulb<...

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ICD-10-PCS Code 00NF4ZZ -Release Olfactory Nerve, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach- Codify by AAPC

ICD-10-PCS Code 00NF3ZZ -Release Olfactory Nerve, Percutaneous Approach- Codify by AAPC

Olfactory nerve: Anatomy study course | Kenhub

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অক্ষিপট - উইকিপিডিয়া

The FXG: A Presynaptic Fragile X Granule Expressed in a Subset of Developing Brain Circuits | Journal of Neuroscience

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The Olfactory Nerve - Charles Greer

කපාල ස්නායු - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය

೭. ಕಪೋಲ ನರಗಳು - ಕಣಜ

2017/18 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code G52.0: Disorders of olfactory nerve

2017/18 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code C72.22: Malignant neoplasm of left olfactory nerve